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Eallonardo SJ, Freitag NE. Crossing the Barrier: A Comparative Study of Listeria monocytogenes and Treponema pallidum in Placental Invasion. Cells 2023; 13:88. [PMID: 38201292 PMCID: PMC10778170 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertically transmitted infections are a significant cause of fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and pose substantial risks to fetal development. These infections are primarily transmitted to the fetus through two routes: (1) direct invasion and crossing the placenta which separates maternal and fetal circulation, or (2) ascending the maternal genitourinary tact and entering the uterus. Only two bacterial species are commonly found to cross the placenta and infect the fetus: Listeria monocytogenes and Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. L. monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, foodborne pathogen found in soil that acutely infects a wide variety of mammalian species. T. pallidum is a sexually transmitted spirochete that causes a chronic infection exclusively in humans. We briefly review the pathogenesis of these two very distinct bacteria that have managed to overcome the placental barrier and the role placental immunity plays in resisting infection. Both organisms share characteristics which contribute to their transplacental transmission. These include the ability to disseminate broadly within the host, evade immune phagocytosis, and the need for a strong T cell response for their elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Eallonardo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Nancy E. Freitag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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2
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Hugon AM, Deblois CL, Simmons HA, Mejia A, Schotzo ML, Czuprynski CJ, Suen G, Golos TG. Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant macaques alters the maternal gut microbiome†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:618-634. [PMID: 37665249 PMCID: PMC10651077 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Infection occurs through consumption of contaminated food that is disseminated to the maternal-fetal interface. The influence on the gastrointestinal microbiome during Lm infection remains unexplored in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of listeriosis on the gut microbiota of pregnant macaques. METHODS A non-human primate model of listeriosis in pregnancy has been previously described. Both pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus macaques were inoculated with Lm and bacteremia and fecal shedding were monitored for 14 days. Non-pregnant animal tissues were collected at necropsy to determine bacterial burden, and fecal samples from both pregnant and non-pregnant animals were evaluated by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Unlike pregnant macaques, non-pregnant macaques did not exhibit bacteremia, fecal shedding, or tissue colonization by Lm. Dispersion of Lm during pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease in alpha diversity of the host gut microbiome, compared to non-pregnant counterparts. The combined effects of pregnancy and listeriosis were associated with a significant loss in microbial richness, although there were increases in some genera and decreases in others. CONCLUSIONS Although pregnancy alone is not associated with gut microbiome disruption, we observed dysbiosis with listeriosis during pregnancy. The macaque model may provide an understanding of the roles that pregnancy and the gut microbiota play in the ability of Lm to establish intestinal infection and disseminate throughout the host, thereby contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk to the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Courtney L Deblois
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michele L Schotzo
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles J Czuprynski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Sekar JN, Murugesan R, Dhandapani K. Listeria monocytogenes an Emerging Pathogen: a Comprehensive Overview on Listeriosis, Virulence Determinants, Detection, and Anti-Listerial Interventions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2231-2251. [PMID: 37479828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Jothi Nayaki Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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4
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Hugon AM, Golos TG. Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:1-16. [PMID: 37040316 PMCID: PMC10344604 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has been shown, or implicated to be involved, in multiple facets of human health and disease, including not only gastrointestinal health but also metabolism, immunity, and neurology. Although the predominant focus of microbiome research has been on the gut, other microbial communities such as the vaginal or cervical microbiome are likely involved in physiological homeostasis. Emerging studies also aim to understand the role of different microbial niches, such as the endometrial or placental microbial communities, on the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, including their impact on reproductive success and the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). The study of the microbiome during pregnancy, specifically how changes in maternal microbial communities can lead to dysfunction and disease, can advance the understanding of reproductive health and the etiology of APOs. In this review, we will discuss the current state of non-human primate (NHP) reproductive microbiome research, highlight the progress with NHP models of reproduction, and the diagnostic potential of microbial alterations in a clinical setting to promote pregnancy health. NHP reproductive biology studies have the potential to expand the knowledge and understanding of female reproductive tract microbial communities and host-microbe or microbe-microbe interactions associated with reproductive health through sequencing and analysis. Furthermore, in this review, we aim to demonstrate that macaques are uniquely suited as high-fidelity models of human female reproductive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Koopmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A Vázquez-Boland
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Lei Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Tian S, Ou Q, Liu T, Huang H, Tang T, Wang C. A Listeria ivanovii balanced-lethal system may be a promising antigen carrier for vaccine construction. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2831-2844. [PMID: 36069650 PMCID: PMC9618314 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressing heterologous antigens by plasmids may cause antibiotic resistance. Additionally, antigen expression via plasmids is unstable due to the loss of the plasmid. Here, we developed a balanced‐lethal system. The Listeria monocytogenes (LM) balanced‐lethal system has been previously used as an antigen carrier to induce cellular immune response. However, thus far, there has been no reports on Listeria ivanovii (LI) balanced‐lethal systems. The dal and dat genes from the LI‐attenuated LIΔatcAplcB (LIΔ) were deleted consecutively, resulting in a nutrient‐deficient LIΔdd strain. Subsequently, an antibiotic resistance‐free plasmid carrying the LM dal gene was transformed into the nutrient‐deficient strain to generate the LI balanced‐lethal system LIΔdd:dal. The resultant bacterial strain retains the ability to proliferate in phagocytic cells, as well as the ability to adhere and invade hepatocytes. Its genetic composition was stable, and compared to the parent strain, the balanced‐lethal system was substantially attenuated. In addition, LIΔdd:dal induced specific CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell responses and protected mice against LIΔ challenge. Similarly, we constructed an LM balanced‐lethal system LMΔdd:dal. Sequential immunization with different recombinant Listeria strains will significantly enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. Thus, LIΔdd:dal combined with LMΔdd:dal, or with other balanced‐lethal systems will be more promising alternative for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunwen Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sicheng Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Ou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Bessemer BQ, Lorelei C. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1803-1805. [PMID: 36006916 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.05.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayla Q Bessemer
- 1Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Clarke Lorelei
- 2Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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8
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True H, Blanton M, Sureshchandra S, Messaoudi I. Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Immunol Rev 2022; 308:77-92. [PMID: 35451089 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a robust increase in innate immune activity that promotes successful implantation of the blastocyst and placental development. Moreover, early pregnancy is also a state of increased vulnerability to vertically transmitted pathogens notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), SARS-CoV-2, and Listeria monocytogenes. As gestation progresses, the second trimester is marked by the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment that promotes fetal tolerance and growth while preventing preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and other gestational complications. Finally, the period leading up to labor and parturition is characterized by the reinstatement of an inflammatory milieu triggering childbirth. These dynamic waves of carefully orchestrated changes have been dubbed the "immune clock of pregnancy." Monocytes in maternal circulation and tissue-resident macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface play a critical role in this delicate balance. This review will summarize the current data describing the longitudinal changes in the phenotype and function of monocyte and macrophage populations in healthy and complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather True
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Madison Blanton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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9
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Xu L, Du Y, Wu Y. Neglected listeria infection in pregnancy in China: 93 cases. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9549-9557. [PMID: 35264053 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2047925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Listeriosis is a foodborne disease that occurs in immunocompromised patients. Pregnant women are a high-risk group for the disease. Listeria infection during pregnancy is uncommon in China because of dietary habits, with little clinician attention and minimal therapeutic options due to its population-specific nature.This article studies the clinical characteristics of Listeria infection in pregnant women and the improvement of treatment methods. SUBJECTS This study collected clinical data from 16 cases of pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed Listeria monocytogenes infections at the Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University. These data were combined with 77 cases that were reported in the literature for a total of 93 cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnancy that occurred in China over a 15-year interval. METHODS We collected the clinical data of 16 pregnant patients with listeriosis diagnosed in the laboratory of the Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University from May 2013 to December 2020, and combined it with 77 cases of Listeria monocytogenes during pregnancy in China obtained from a literature search. We summarized the clinical features of listeriosis in pregnancy infection and investigated its treatment methods and prevention. RESULTS Ninety-three cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnancy occurred in early, middle and late pregnancy in 31, 27, and 35 patients, respectively. The initial clinical presentation was fever in 90 patients, intermittent lower abdominal pain in 50 patients, and abnormal fetal movement and/or abnormal fetal heartbeat in 27 cases. Specimens with a positive bacterial culture included the following: 6 amniotic fluid cultures, 35 blood cultures, 37 maternal placenta and uterine secretion cultures, and 15 neonatal blood cultures. Fifty-seven cases of placental pathology, all showing of neutrophil infiltration, were 100% consistent with acute chorioamnionitis. Fifty-eight patients were initially treated with cephalosporin antibiotics, and only 24 cases were initially treated with broad-spectrum penicillins to cover the pathogenic bacteria. Drug sensitivity tests revealed resistant strains, 15 penicillin G-resistant, 14 oxacillin-resistant, and 13 ampicillin-resistant strains. After penicillin failure, vancomycin or meropenem was given. Maternal outcomes included the following: 20 cases of sepsis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 6 cases of acute pyelonephritis, 28 cases of intrauterine infection, 2 cases of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes, and 1 case of septic shock. The fetal and neonatal outcomes were as follows: 16 cases of abortion, 16 cases of intrauterine fetal death, 22 cases of death after birth, and 39 cases of cure. CONCLUSION In our study and reported cases, Listeria monocytogenes in pregnancy is associated with fever as the primary manifestation, a high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and a significant increase in fetal and neonatal mortality. The low coverage of practical use of antimicrobial drugs and the emergence of drug-resistant strains in recent years have increased the difficulty of treatment, suggesting the need for clinicians to raise awareness of the disease and strengthen healthy diet promotion for women in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuhai Du
- Laboratory Department, Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, China
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10
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Mancinelli AM, Vichich JM, Zinnen AD, Hugon AM, Bondarenko V, Metzger JM, Simmons HA, Golos TG, Emborg ME. Acute Exposure to the Food-Borne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes Does Not Induce α-Synuclein Pathology in the Colonic ENS of Nonhuman Primates. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7265-7279. [PMID: 34992416 PMCID: PMC8710837 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s337549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation elicited by environmental factors is proposed to trigger Parkinson's disease (PD) by stimulating accumulation of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) in the enteric nervous system (ENS), which then propagates to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. The goal of this study was to model, in nonhuman primates, an acute exposure to a common food-borne pathogen in order to assess whether the related acute GI inflammation could initiate persistent α-syn pathology in the ENS, ultimately leading to PD. METHODS Adult female cynomolgus macaques were inoculated by oral gavage with 1×108 colony-forming units (CFUs) Listeria monocytogenes (LM, n=10) or vehicle (mock, n=3) and euthanized 2 weeks later. Evaluations included clinical monitoring, blood and fecal shedding of LM, and postmortem pathological analysis of colonic and cecal tissues. RESULTS LM inoculation of healthy adult cynomolgus macaques induced minimal to mild clinical signs of infection; LM shedding in feces was not seen in any of the animals nor was bacteremia detected. Colitis varied from none to moderate in LM-treated subjects and none to minimal in mock-treated subjects. Expression of inflammatory markers (HLA-DR, CD3, CD20), oxidative stress (8-OHDG), α-syn, and phosphorylated-α-syn in the enteric ganglia was not significantly different between treatment groups. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that cynomolgus macaques orally inoculated with LM present with a clinical response that resembles human LM exposure. They also suggest that acute exposure to food-borne pathogens is not sufficient to induce significant and persistent α-syn changes in healthy adult female subjects. Based on the results of this limited experimental setting, we propose that, if LM has a role in PD pathology, other underlying factors or conditions, such as male sex, inflammatory bowel disease, exposure to toxins, dysbiosis, and/or aging, are needed to be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Mancinelli
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan M Vichich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra D Zinnen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Marie Hugon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Viktoriya Bondarenko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeanette M Metzger
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Hofbauer Cells Spread Listeria monocytogenes among Placental Cells and Undergo Pro-Inflammatory Reprogramming while Retaining Production of Tolerogenic Factors. mBio 2021; 12:e0184921. [PMID: 34399615 PMCID: PMC8406333 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01849-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are highly susceptible to infection by the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, leading to miscarriage, premature birth, and neonatal infection. L. monocytogenes is thought to breach the placental barrier by infecting trophoblasts at the maternal/fetal interface. However, the fate of L. monocytogenes within chorionic villi and how infection reaches the fetus are unsettled. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal placental macrophages and the only leukocytes residing in healthy chorionic villi, forming a last immune barrier protecting fetal blood from infection. Little is known about the HBCs’ antimicrobial responses to pathogens. Here, we studied L. monocytogenes interaction with human primary HBCs. Remarkably, despite their M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype at basal state, HBCs phagocytose and kill non-pathogenic bacteria like Listeria innocua and display low susceptibility to infection by L. monocytogenes. However, L. monocytogenes can exploit HBCs to spread to surrounding placental cells. Transcriptomic analyses by RNA sequencing revealed that HBCs undergo pro-inflammatory reprogramming upon L. monocytogenes infection, similarly to macrophages stimulated by the potent M1-polarizing agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Infected HBCs also express pro-inflammatory chemokines known to promote placental infiltration by maternal leukocytes. However, HBCs maintain the expression of a collection of tolerogenic genes and secretion of tolerogenic cytokines, consistent with their tissue homeostatic role in prevention of fetal rejection. In conclusion, we propose a previously unrecognized model in which HBCs promote the spreading of L. monocytogenes among placental cells and transition to a pro-inflammatory state likely to favor innate immune responses, while maintaining the expression of tolerogenic factors known to prevent maternal anti-fetal adaptive immunity.
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12
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Li M, Brokaw A, Furuta AM, Coler B, Obregon-Perko V, Chahroudi A, Wang HY, Permar SR, Hotchkiss CE, Golos TG, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Non-human Primate Models to Investigate Mechanisms of Infection-Associated Fetal and Pediatric Injury, Teratogenesis and Stillbirth. Front Genet 2021; 12:680342. [PMID: 34290739 PMCID: PMC8287178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide array of pathogens has the potential to injure the fetus and induce teratogenesis, the process by which mutations in fetal somatic cells lead to congenital malformations. Rubella virus was the first infectious disease to be linked to congenital malformations due to an infection in pregnancy, which can include congenital cataracts, microcephaly, hearing impairment and congenital heart disease. Currently, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital malformations globally, affecting 1 in every 200 infants. However, our knowledge of teratogenic viruses and pathogens is far from complete. New emerging infectious diseases may induce teratogenesis, similar to Zika virus (ZIKV) that caused a global pandemic in 2016-2017; thousands of neonates were born with congenital microcephaly due to ZIKV exposure in utero, which also included a spectrum of injuries to the brain, eyes and spinal cord. In addition to congenital anomalies, permanent injury to fetal and neonatal organs, preterm birth, stillbirth and spontaneous abortion are known consequences of a broader group of infectious diseases including group B streptococcus (GBS), Listeria monocytogenes, Influenza A virus (IAV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Animal models are crucial for determining the mechanism of how these various infectious diseases induce teratogenesis or organ injury, as well as testing novel therapeutics for fetal or neonatal protection. Other mammalian models differ in many respects from human pregnancy including placentation, labor physiology, reproductive tract anatomy, timeline of fetal development and reproductive toxicology. In contrast, non-human primates (NHP) most closely resemble human pregnancy and exhibit key similarities that make them ideal for research to discover the mechanisms of injury and for testing vaccines and therapeutics to prevent teratogenesis, fetal and neonatal injury and adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., stillbirth or spontaneous abortion). In this review, we emphasize key contributions of the NHP model pre-clinical research for ZIKV, HCMV, HIV, IAV, L. monocytogenes, Ureaplasma species, and GBS. This work represents the foundation for development and testing of preventative and therapeutic strategies to inhibit infectious injury of human fetuses and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anna M. Furuta
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brahm Coler
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Veronica Obregon-Perko
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charlotte E. Hotchkiss
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Lopes-Luz L, Mendonça M, Bernardes Fogaça M, Kipnis A, Bhunia AK, Bührer-Sékula S. Listeria monocytogenes: review of pathogenesis and virulence determinants-targeted immunological assays. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:647-666. [PMID: 33896354 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1911930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require selective enrichment using traditional bacterial culture techniques that can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, molecular methods are expensive and need specific technical knowledge. In contrast, immunological approaches are faster, simpler, and user-friendly alternatives and have been developed for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food, environmental, and clinical samples. These techniques are dependent on the constitutive expression of L. monocytogenes antigens and the specificity of the antibodies used. Here, updated knowledge on pathogenesis and the key immunogenic virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes that are used for the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the serological assay development are summarised. In addition, immunological approaches based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and immunosensors with relevant improvements are highlighted. Though the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were improved significantly, methods still face many challenges that require further validation before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brasil
| | | | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
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14
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Muhialdin BJ, Zawawi N, Abdull Razis AF, Bakar J, Zarei M. Antiviral activity of fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria towards respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. Food Control 2021; 127:108140. [PMID: 33867696 PMCID: PMC8036130 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19, a viral outbreak calls for a high demand for non-conventional antiviral agents that can reduce the risk of infections and promote fast recovery. Fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria have recently received increasing interest due to the reported potential of high antiviral activity. Several probiotics strains demonstrated broad range of antiviral activities and different mechanisms of action. This article will review the diversity, health benefits, interaction with immune system and antiviral activity of fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria. In addition, the mechanisms of action will be reviewed to determine the broad range potential antiviral activity against the respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. The probiotics bacteria and bioactive compounds in fermented foods demonstrated antiviral activities against respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. The mechanism of action was reported to be due to the stimulation of the immune system function via enhancing natural killers cell toxicity, enhance the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the cytotoxic of T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD16+, CD56+). However, further studies are highly recommended to determine the potential antiviral activity for traditional fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal J Muhialdin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.,Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.,Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.,Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Bakar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Ryan VE, Bailey TW, Liu D, Vemulapalli T, Cooper B, Cox AD, Bhunia AK. Listeria adhesion protein-expressing bioengineered probiotics prevent fetoplacental transmission of Listeria monocytogenes in a pregnant Guinea pig model. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104752. [PMID: 33484805 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a high-risk factor for foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), which causes abortion, premature birth, or stillbirth. The primary route of Lm transmission is oral hence intestinal epithelial barrier crossing is a prerequisite for systemic spread. Intestinal barrier crossing, in part, is attributed to the interaction of Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) with its cognate receptor, Hsp60. In a recent study, we showed that oral-dosing of bioengineered Lactobacillus caseiprobiotic (BLP) expressing the LAP protected nonpregnant mice from lethal infection; however, its ability to prevent listeriosis during pregnancy is not known. Therefore, we investigated whether BLP could prevent fetoplacental transmission of Lm in a pregnant guinea pig model. After 14 consecutive days on probiotic (~109 CFU/ml in drinking water), pregnant guinea pigs (gestational days 24-28) were orally challenged with Lm (9 × 108-2.5 × 109 CFU/animal) and were euthanized 72 h post-infection. Maternal mesenteric lymph node (MLN), liver, spleen, lungs, blood, and placenta, and fetal liver were analyzed for the presence/absence of Lm. All tissues/organs from Lm-challenged naïve dams and fetuses were Lm positive. Similar tissue distribution was also seen in guinea pigs that received wild-type Lactobacillus casei (LbcWT). Remarkably, Lm was absent in the maternal blood, kidney, lungs, and placenta, and fetal liver from the BLP-fed group even though the Lm was present in the maternal liver, spleen, and MLN. BLP feeding also suppressed Lm-induced inflammatory response in mothers. These data highlight the potential for the prevention of fetoplacental transmission of Lm by LAP-expressing BLP during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie E Ryan
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Taylor W Bailey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tracy Vemulapalli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bruce Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Abigail D Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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16
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Block LN, Bowman BD, Schmidt JK, Keding LT, Stanic AK, Golos TG. The promise of placental extracellular vesicles: models and challenges for diagnosing placental dysfunction in utero†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:27-57. [PMID: 32856695 PMCID: PMC7786267 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the health of a pregnancy is of utmost importance to both the fetus and the mother. The diagnosis of pregnancy complications typically occurs after the manifestation of symptoms, and limited preventative measures or effective treatments are available. Traditionally, pregnancy health is evaluated by analyzing maternal serum hormone levels, genetic testing, ultrasonographic imaging, and monitoring maternal symptoms. However, researchers have reported a difference in extracellular vesicle (EV) quantity and cargo between healthy and at-risk pregnancies. Thus, placental EVs (PEVs) may help to understand normal and aberrant placental development, monitor pregnancy health in terms of developing placental pathologies, and assess the impact of environmental influences, such as infection, on pregnancy. The diagnostic potential of PEVs could allow for earlier detection of pregnancy complications via noninvasive sampling and frequent monitoring. Understanding how PEVs serve as a means of communication with maternal cells and recognizing their potential utility as a readout of placental health have sparked a growing interest in basic and translational research. However, to date, PEV research with animal models lags behind human studies. The strength of animal pregnancy models is that they can be used to assess placental pathologies in conjunction with isolation of PEVs from fluid samples at different time points throughout gestation. Assessing PEV cargo in animals within normal and complicated pregnancies will accelerate the translation of PEV analysis into the clinic for potential use in prognostics. We propose that appropriate animal models of human pregnancy complications must be established in the PEV field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Block
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brittany D Bowman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenna Kropp Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Logan T Keding
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Charlier C, Disson O, Lecuit M. Maternal-neonatal listeriosis. Virulence 2020; 11:391-397. [PMID: 32363991 PMCID: PMC7199740 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1759287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a rare and severe foodborne infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It manifests as septicemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal-fetal infection. In pregnancy, it may cause maternal fever, premature delivery, fetal loss, neonatal systemic and central nervous system infections. Maternal listeriosis is mostly reported during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, as sporadic cases or in the context of outbreaks. Strains belonging to clonal complexes 1, 4 and 6, referred to as hypervirulent, are the most associated to maternal-neonatal infections. Here we review the clinical, pathophysiological, and microbiological features of maternal-neonatal listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Charlier
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Listeria, Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Listeria, Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Oschwald A, Petry P, Kierdorf K, Erny D. CNS Macrophages and Infant Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2123. [PMID: 33072074 PMCID: PMC7531029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) harbors its own immune system composed of microglia in the parenchyma and CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) in the perivascular space, leptomeninges, dura mater, and choroid plexus. Recent advances in understanding the CNS resident immune cells gave new insights into development, maturation and function of its immune guard. Microglia and CAMs undergo essential steps of differentiation and maturation triggered by environmental factors as well as intrinsic transcriptional programs throughout embryonic and postnatal development. These shaping steps allow the macrophages to adapt to their specific physiological function as first line of defense of the CNS and its interfaces. During infancy, the CNS might be targeted by a plethora of different pathogens which can cause severe tissue damage with potentially long reaching defects. Therefore, an efficient immune response of infant CNS macrophages is required even at these early stages to clear the infections but may also lead to detrimental consequences for the developing CNS. Here, we highlight the recent knowledge of the infant CNS immune system during embryonic and postnatal infections and the consequences for the developing CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Oschwald
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Petry
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBBS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Xu F, Yang S, Liu Y, Zheng X, Yang H, Zhang J, Ren Z, Yang J. Placental pathology and neonatal outcomes in pre-eclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 34:1149-1154. [PMID: 32627623 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1786513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate histopathological placental lesions and adverse neonatal outcomes by Pre-eclampsia (PE) with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with PE delivered between 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2014. Pregnant women with PE were recruited, and divided into PE with GDM (PE + GDM) group (n = 278) and PE without GDM (PE - GDM) group (n = 586). We compared the placental pathology and neonatal outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS The (PE + GDM) group was significantly associated with high placenta weight (534.8 ± 124.1 vs 519.3 ± 132.3 g, p = .011), the large diameter of the placenta (17.8 ± 2.2 vs 16.2 ± 2.7 cm, p = .016) than (PE - GDM) group. The incidence of chorioamnionitis in (PE + GDM) group was significantly higher than (PE - GDM) group [48.9% (136/278) vs 41.5% (243/586), p = .028], whereas there were no significant differences in umbilical cord length and infarction between the two groups. The (PE + GDM) group had a higher rate of prematurity [44.9% (125/278) vs 39.9% (234/586), p = .042] than (PE - GDM) group, in (PE + GDM) group the incidence of LGA [15.1% (42/278) vs 1.0% (6/586), p = .034], RDS [18.7% (52/278) vs 9.2% (54/586), p = .011] and hyperbilirubinemia [10.7% (30/278) vs 1.0% (6/586), p = .038] were higher than (PE - GDM) group. CONCLUSIONS GDM increased the offspring's complication in pregnancy with PE, the potential mechanism might be that GDM increased the placenta inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shumei Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuaner Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoming Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuxiao Ren
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Guang Dong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Abstract
Pregnancy is a natural process that poses an immunological challenge because non-self fetus must be accepted. During the pregnancy period, the fetus as 'allograft' inherits maternal and also paternal antigens. For successful and term pregnancy, the fetus is tolerated and nurtured enjoying immune privileges that minimize the risk of being rejected by maternal immune system. Multiple mechanisms contribute to tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus. Here, we summarize the recent progresses on how the maternal immune system actively collaborates to maintain the immune balance and maternal-fetal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,International College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Wolfe B, Kerr AR, Mejia A, Simmons HA, Czuprynski CJ, Golos TG. Sequelae of Fetal Infection in a Non-human Primate Model of Listeriosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2021. [PMID: 31572310 PMCID: PMC6749046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a common environmental bacterium that thrives on vegetation and soil matter, but can infect humans if contaminated food products are ingested, resulting in severe disease in immunosuppressed populations, including pregnant women and newborns. To better understand how the unique immunological milieu of pregnancy increases susceptibility to infection, we study listeriosis in cynomolgus macaques, a non-human primate that closely resembles humans in placentation and in the physiology, and immunology of pregnancy. Non-human primates are naturally susceptible to Lm infection, and spontaneous abortions due to listeriosis are known to occur in outdoor macaque colonies, making them ideal models to understand the disease pathogenesis and host-pathogen relationship of listeriosis. We have previously shown that Lm infection in the first trimester has a high rate of miscarriage. This study expands on our previous findings by assessing how the quantity of Lm as well as stage of pregnancy at the time of exposure may influence disease susceptibility. In the current study we inoculated a cohort of macaques with a lower dose of Lm than our previous study and although this did not result in fetal demise, there was evidence of in utero inflammation and fetal distress. Animals that were reinfected with an equivalent or higher dose of the same strain of Lm resulted in approximately half of cases continuing to term and half ending in fetal demise. These cases had inconsistent bacterial colonization of the fetal compartment, suggesting that Lm does not need to directly infect the placenta to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Timed surgical collection of tissues following inoculation demonstrated that transmission from mother to fetus can occur as soon as 5 days post-inoculation. Lastly, third trimester inoculation resulted in pregnancy loss in 3 out of 4 macaques, accompanied by characteristic pathology and Lm colonization. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that common laboratory culture tests may not always recover Lm despite known maternal ingestion. Notably, we also find it is possible for maternal infection to resolve in some cases with no discernible adverse outcome; however, such cases had evidence of a sterile intrauterine inflammatory response, with unknown consequences for fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Wolfe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea R Kerr
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charles J Czuprynski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Mathipa MG, Thantsha MS, Bhunia AK. Lactobacillus casei expressing Internalins A and B reduces Listeria monocytogenes interaction with Caco-2 cells in vitro. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:715-729. [PMID: 30989823 PMCID: PMC6559204 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in a number of outbreaks including the recent largest outbreak in South Africa. Current methods for prevention of foodborne L. monocytogenes infection are inadequate, thus raising a need for an alternative strategy. Probiotic bioengineering is considered a prevailing approach to enhance the efficacy of probiotics for targeted control of pathogens. Here, the ability of Lactobacillus casei expressing the L. monocytogenes invasion proteins Internalins A and B (inlAB) to prevent infection was investigated. The inlAB operon was cloned and surface‐expressed on L. casei resulting in a recombinant strain, LbcInlAB, and subsequently, its ability to inhibit adhesion, invasion and translocation of L. monocytogenes through enterocyte‐like Caco‐2 cells was examined. Cell surface expression of InlAB on the LbcInlAB was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The LbcInlAB strain showed significantly higher (P < 0.0001) adherence, invasion and translocation of Caco‐2 cells than the wild‐type L. casei strain (LbcWT), as well as reduced L. monocytogenes adhesion, invasion and transcellular passage through the cell monolayer than LbcWT. Furthermore, pre‐exposure of Caco‐2 cells to LbcInlAB significantly reduced L. monocytogenes‐induced cell cytotoxicity and epithelial barrier dysfunction. These results suggest that InlAB‐expressing L. casei could be a potential practical approach for prevention of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloko G Mathipa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mapitsi S Thantsha
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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23
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Reyes L, Golos TG. Hofbauer Cells: Their Role in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2628. [PMID: 30498493 PMCID: PMC6249321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hofbauer cells are placental villous macrophages of fetal origin that are present throughout pregnancy. Although Hofbauer cell populations are antigenically and morphologically heterogeneous, their epigenetic, antigenic, and functional profiles most closely resemble alternatively activated macrophages or what are referred to as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d polarity subtypes. Consistent with an M2-like profile, these cells play an important role in placental development including vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. During placental inflammation Hofbauer cells may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines or mediators that damage the villous cell barrier, and induce fibrotic responses within the villi as a continuum of chronic inflammation. However, to date, there is no evidence that Hofbauer cells become classically activated or adopt an M1 polarity phenotype that is able to kill microbes. To the contrary, their predominant M2 like qualities may be why these cells are ineffective in controlling most TORCH infections. Moreover, Hofbauer cells may contribute to vertical transmission of various pathogens to the fetus since they can harbor live virus and serve as reservoirs within the placenta. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the role of Hofbauer cells in normal and complicated pregnancies that involve immunologic disorders, inflammation, and/or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Ding C, Wang X, Ma J, Xie M, Dong Q, Liu Q. Exploration of the bacterial invasion capacity of Listeria monocytogenes in ZF4 cells. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:238-243. [PMID: 30145253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the results from zebrafish challenged model have demonstrated that Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) has strong adjuvant effects when this attenuated pathogenic bacteria is viewed as aquaculture vaccine vector, the underlying mechanism is not clear and extensive investigations are required. To further explore the potential of Lm in the field of aquaculture vaccine, zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cell line (ZF4) was used to evaluate the invasion ability of Lm. The data from cellular level showed that Lm had the lower invasion tendentiousness in ZF4 cells while bacterial invasion capacity was compared between zebrafish embryos cell line and human intestinal epithelial cell line. In ZF4 cells, there is no significant difference in bacterial invasion capacity between wild strain EGD-e and double-deleted strain ΔactA/inlB, which suggested that this attenuated effect was not showed in zebrafish cells. In addition, translation analysis indicated that the expressions of CD4 and CD8a in ZF4 cells increased after 2-h infection of the two Lm strains. These results further demonstrated that Lm presented multiple advantages including lower pathogenicity and antigen presentation when attenuated stain was viewed as aquaculture vaccine vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Junfei Ma
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Manman Xie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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25
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Vertical Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes: Probing the Balance between Protection from Pathogens and Fetal Tolerance. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020052. [PMID: 29799503 PMCID: PMC6027155 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of the developing fetus from pathogens is one of the many critical roles of the placenta. Listeria monocytogenes is one of a select number of pathogens that can cross the placental barrier and cause significant harm to the fetus, leading to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm labor, and disseminated neonate infection despite antibiotic treatment. Such severe outcomes serve to highlight the importance of understanding how L. monocytogenes mediates infiltration of the placental barrier. Here, we review what is currently known regarding vertical transmission of L. monocytogenes as a result of cell culture and animal models of infection. In vitro cell culture and organ models have been useful for the identification of L. monocytogenes virulence factors that contribute to placental invasion. Examples include members of the Internalin family of bacterial surface proteins such as Interalin (Inl)A, InlB, and InlP that promote invasion of cells at the maternal-fetal interface. A number of animal models have been used to interrogate L. monocytogenes vertical transmission, including mice, guinea pigs, gerbils, and non-human primates; each of these models has advantages while still not providing a comprehensive understanding of L. monocytogenes invasion of the human placenta and/or fetus. These models do, however, allow for the molecular investigation of the balance between fetal tolerance and immune protection from L. monocytogenes during pregnancy.
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26
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Animal and Human Tissue Models of Vertical Listeria monocytogenes Transmission and Implications for Other Pregnancy-Associated Infections. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00801-17. [PMID: 29483290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00801-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine infections lead to serious complications for mother and fetus, including preterm birth, maternal and fetal death, and neurological sequelae in the surviving offspring. Improving maternal and child heath is a global priority. Yet, the development of strategies to prevent and treat pregnancy-related diseases has lagged behind progress made in other medical fields. One of the challenges is finding tractable model systems that replicate the human maternal-fetal interface. Animal models offer the ability to study pathogenesis and host defenses in vivo However, the anatomy of the maternal-fetal interface is highly divergent across species. While many tools are available to study host responses in the pregnant mouse model, other animals have placentas that are more similar to that of humans. Here we describe new developments in animal and human tissue models to investigate the pathogenesis of listeriosis at the maternal-fetal interface. We highlight gaps in existing knowledge and make recommendations on how they can be filled.
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27
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Vermillion MS, Klein SL. Pregnancy and infection: using disease pathogenesis to inform vaccine strategy. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 29423318 PMCID: PMC5794984 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the mainstay of preventative medicine for many infectious diseases. Pregnant women, unborn fetuses, and neonates represent three at-risk populations that can be simultaneously protected by strategic vaccination protocols. Because the pathogenesis of different infectious microbes varies based on tissue tropism, timing of infection, and host susceptibility, the goals of immunization are not uniform across all vaccines. Mechanistic understanding of infectious disease pathogenesis and immune responses is therefore essential to inform vaccine design and the implementation of appropriate immunization protocols that optimize protection of pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S. Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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28
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Pucci L, Massacesi M, Liuzzi G. Clinical management of women with listeriosis risk during pregnancy: a review of national guidelines. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 16:13-21. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1417837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pucci
- Diatheva s.r.l., Sant’Anna di Cartoceto (PU), Italy
| | - Mario Massacesi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Principe di Piemonte, Senigallia (AN), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Liuzzi
- Center for the prevention and treatment of infections during pregnancy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, Rome, Italy
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29
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Stouffer RL, Woodruff TK. Nonhuman Primates: A Vital Model for Basic and Applied Research on Female Reproduction, Prenatal Development, and Women's Health. ILAR J 2017; 58:281-294. [PMID: 28985318 PMCID: PMC5886348 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparative biology of reproduction and development in mammalian species is remarkable. Hence, because of similarities in environmental and neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis, the cyclic function of the ovary and reproductive tract, establishment and control of the maternal-fetal-placental unit during pregnancy, and reproductive aging from puberty through menopause, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are valuable models for research related to women's reproductive health and its disorders. This chapter provides examples of research over the past 10+ years using Old World monkeys (notably macaque species), baboons, and to a lesser extent New World monkeys (especially marmosets) that contributed to our understanding of the etiology and therapies or prevention of: (1) ovarian disorders, e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, mitochondrial DNA-based diseases from the oocyte; (2) uterine disorders, for example, endometriosis and uterine transplantation; and (3) pregnancy disorders, for example, preterm labor and delivery, environmental factors. Also, emerging opportunities such as viral (e.g., Zika) induced fetal defects and germline genomic editing to generate valuable primate models of human diseases (e.g., Huntington and muscular dystrophy) are addressed. Although the high costs, specialized resources, and ethical debate challenge the use of primates in biomedical research, their inclusion in fertility and infertility research is vital for continued improvements in women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Stouffer
- Richard L. Stouffer, Ph.D., is Professor in the Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences at the Oregon National Primate Research Center in Beaverton, Oregon and Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Oregon Health & Sciences University in Portland, Oregon. Teresa K. Woodruff, Ph.D., is Thomas J. Watkins Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vice Chair of Research (OB/GYN), and Chief of the Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine, and Professor of Molecular Biosciences at Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Richard L. Stouffer, Ph.D., is Professor in the Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences at the Oregon National Primate Research Center in Beaverton, Oregon and Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Oregon Health & Sciences University in Portland, Oregon. Teresa K. Woodruff, Ph.D., is Thomas J. Watkins Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vice Chair of Research (OB/GYN), and Chief of the Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine, and Professor of Molecular Biosciences at Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois.
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30
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Abstract
The Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne infection. Pregnant women are at risk of contracting listeriosis, which can potentially lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, and congenital neonatal infections. While other systemic bacterial infections may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes at comparable frequencies, L. monocytogenes has particular notoriety because fetal complications largely occur in the absence of overt illness in the mother, delaying medical intervention. Here, we briefly review the pathophysiology and mechanisms of maternofetal listeriosis, discussed in light of a recent mBio report on Listeria transplacental infection in a nonhuman primate model.
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31
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Nguyen SM, Antony KM, Dudley DM, Kohn S, Simmons HA, Wolfe B, Salamat MS, Teixeira LBC, Wiepz GJ, Thoong TH, Aliota MT, Weiler AM, Barry GL, Weisgrau KL, Vosler LJ, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Stewart LM, Rasheed MN, Newman CM, Graham ME, Wieben OE, Turski PA, Johnson KM, Post J, Hayes JM, Schultz-Darken N, Schotzko ML, Eudailey JA, Permar SR, Rakasz EG, Mohr EL, Capuano S, Tarantal AF, Osorio JE, O’Connor SL, Friedrich TC, O’Connor DH, Golos TG. Highly efficient maternal-fetal Zika virus transmission in pregnant rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006378. [PMID: 28542585 PMCID: PMC5444831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with human congenital fetal anomalies. To model fetal outcomes in nonhuman primates, we administered Asian-lineage ZIKV subcutaneously to four pregnant rhesus macaques. While non-pregnant animals in a previous study contemporary with the current report clear viremia within 10-12 days, maternal viremia was prolonged in 3 of 4 pregnancies. Fetal head growth velocity in the last month of gestation determined by ultrasound assessment of head circumference was decreased in comparison with biparietal diameter and femur length within each fetus, both within normal range. ZIKV RNA was detected in tissues from all four fetuses at term cesarean section. In all pregnancies, neutrophilic infiltration was present at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua, placenta, fetal membranes), in various fetal tissues, and in fetal retina, choroid, and optic nerve (first trimester infection only). Consistent vertical transmission in this primate model may provide a platform to assess risk factors and test therapeutic interventions for interruption of fetal infection. The results may also suggest that maternal-fetal ZIKV transmission in human pregnancy may be more frequent than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M. Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kohn
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bryce Wolfe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - M. Shahriar Salamat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Leandro B. C. Teixeira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Wiepz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Troy H. Thoong
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle L. Barry
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kim L. Weisgrau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Logan J. Vosler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mariel S. Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laurel M. Stewart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mustafa N. Rasheed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Graham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Oliver E. Wieben
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Turski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Post
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Hayes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michele L. Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Josh A. Eudailey
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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