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Hsiao CH, Hsu BG, Lu CW, Wang JH. Serum adiponectin level is positively associated with vascular reactivity index by digital thermal monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:348-354. [PMID: 38035059 PMCID: PMC10683526 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_30_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects and is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was to study the potential correlation between serum adiponectin levels and endothelial function in participants with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods We collected serum specimens from 125 fasting participants with CAD. The endothelial function was measured using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) determined by digital thermal monitoring, and VRI values of >2.0, 1.0-1.9, and <1.0 indicated good, intermediate, and poor vascular reactivity, respectively. A commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit was used to measure serum adiponectin levels. Results The cohort included 55, 57, and 13 patients with good, intermediate, and poor vascular reactivity, respectively. Poor vascular reactivity was shown to be associated with older age, higher levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein, and lower levels of serum albumin and adiponectin. The linear regression analysis with multivariable forward stepwise approach revealed that age (β = -0.232), serum LDL-C (β = -0.264), and serum adiponectin (β = 0.574) were correlated with the VRI in CAD patients significantly. Conclusion Fasting serum adiponectin levels were associated with good endothelial function determined using the VRI in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hao Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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2
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Chen R, Wu X, Qiu H, Yang B, Chen Y, Chen X, Li Y, Yuan S, Liu D, Xiao L, Yu Y. Obesity-induced inflammatory miR-133a mediates apoptosis of granulosa cells and causes abnormal folliculogenesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1234-1246. [PMID: 37337633 PMCID: PMC10448043 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to promote disordered folliculogenesis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we find that miR-133a is involved in obesity-induced follicular development disorder. After feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) and fructose water for nine weeks, the mouse body weight is significantly increased, accompanied by an inflammatory state and increased expression of miR-133a in the adipose tissues and ovaries as well as accelerated follicle depletion. Although miR-133a is increased in the fat and ovaries of HFD mice, the increased miR-133a in the HFD ovaries is not derived from exosome transferred from obese adipose tissues but is synthesized by ovarian follicular cells in response to HFD-induced inflammation. In vivo experiments show that intrabursal injection of miR-133a agomir induces a decrease in primordial follicles and an increase in antral follicles and atretic follicles, which is similar to HFD-induced abnormal folliculogenesis. Overexpression of miR-133a modestly promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by balancing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as C1QL1 and XIAP and pro-apoptotic proteins such as PTEN. Overall, this study reveals the function of miR-133a in obesity-induced ovarian folliculogenesis dysfunction and sheds light on the etiology of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Han Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Baiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Shaochun Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional GenesCollege of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Women’s HealthCareAffiliated Foshan Women and Children’s HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Luanjuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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3
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Galley JC, Singh S, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipokines: Deciphering the cardiovascular signature of adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115324. [PMID: 36309078 PMCID: PMC10509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune cells, and adipocytes, communicate with one another to contribute to these two pathologies. Adipose tissue is a very dynamic organ comprised primarily of adipocytes, which are well known for their role in energy storage. More recently adipose tissue has been recognized as the largest endocrine organ because of its ability to produce a vast number of signaling molecules called adipokines. These signaling molecules stimulate specific types of cells or tissues with many adipokines acting as indicators of adipocyte healthy function, such as adiponectin, omentin, and FGF21, which show anti-inflammatory or cardioprotective effects, acting as regulators of healthy physiological function. Others, like visfatin, chemerin, resistin, and leptin are often altered during pathophysiological circumstances like obesity and lipodystrophy, demonstrating negative cardiovascular outcomes when produced in excess. This review aims to explore the role of adipocytes and their derived products as well as the impacts of these adipokines on blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Galley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Chen CP, Su TC, Yang MJ, Chen WT, Siao AC, Huang LR, Lin YY, Kuo YC, Chung JF, Cheng CF, Ku HC, Kao YH. Green tea epigallocatechin gallate suppresses 3T3-L1 cell growth via microRNA-143/MAPK7 pathways. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1670-1679. [PMID: 35894140 PMCID: PMC9597208 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and microRNA (miRNA) molecules modulate obesity. Nevertheless, it is still unknown whether EGCG modulates fat cell growth via miRNA-related signaling. In this study, white preadipocytes were used to examine whether the antimitogenic effect of EGCG on fat cells is regulated by the miR-143/MAPK7 pathway. We showed that EGCG upregulated the levels of miR-143, but not miR-155, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Moreover, EGCG downregulated MAPK7 mRNA and protein levels time- and dose-dependently. MAPK7 expression increased during 3T3-L1 cell proliferation. miR-143 overexpression in the absence of EGCG mimicked the effects of EGCG to suppress preadipocyte growth and MAPK7 expression, whereas knockdown of miR-143 antagonized the EGCG-altered levels of miR-143, MAPK7, and pERK1/2 and reversed the EGCG-inhibited cell growth. These findings suggest that EGCG inhibits 3T3-L1 cell growth via miR-143/MAPK7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Pei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National
Central University, Taoyuan 320
| | - Tsung-Chen Su
- Tea Research and Extension Station,
Council of Agriculture, Taoyuan 326
| | - Meei-Ju Yang
- Tea Research and Extension Station,
Council of Agriculture, Taoyuan 326
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National
Central University, Taoyuan 320
| | - An-Ci Siao
- Department of Life Sciences, National
Central University, Taoyuan 320
| | - Ling-Ru Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National
Central University, Taoyuan 320
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National
Central University, Taoyuan 320,Department of Emergency Medicine,
Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325,Department of Emergency Medicine,
Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114
| | - Yow-Chii Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology,
Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan 324
| | - Jia-Fang Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu
Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu
Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142,Institute of Biomedical Sciences,
Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi
University, Hualien 97004
| | - Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu
Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National
Central University, Taoyuan 320,Yung-Hsi Kao.
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Abstract
The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common and has adverse prognostic implications in patients with heart failure due to left heart disease (LHD), and thus far, there are no known treatments specifically for PH-LHD, also known as group 2 PH. Diagnostic thresholds for PH-LHD, and clinical classification of PH-LHD phenotypes, continue to evolve and, therefore, present a challenge for basic and translational scientists actively investigating PH-LHD in the preclinical setting. Furthermore, the pathobiology of PH-LHD is not well understood, although pulmonary vascular remodeling is thought to result from (1) increased wall stress due to increased left atrial pressures; (2) hemodynamic congestion-induced decreased shear stress in the pulmonary vascular bed; (3) comorbidity-induced endothelial dysfunction with direct injury to the pulmonary microvasculature; and (4) superimposed pulmonary arterial hypertension risk factors. To ultimately be able to modify disease, either by prevention or treatment, a better understanding of the various drivers of PH-LHD, including endothelial dysfunction, abnormalities in vascular tone, platelet aggregation, inflammation, adipocytokines, and systemic complications (including splanchnic congestion and lymphatic dysfunction) must be further investigated. Here, we review the diagnostic criteria and various hemodynamic phenotypes of PH-LHD, the potential biological mechanisms underlying this disorder, and pressing questions yet to be answered about the pathobiology of PH-LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Huston
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA (J.H.H.)
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.)
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Piquet M, Martínez MC, Romacho T. Inter-Organ Crosstalk in the Development of Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 274:205-226. [PMID: 34853949 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have led to intensive investigation of the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and their main complications such as cardiovascular diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This search has contributed to better understand how organs and tissues communicate with each other in the so-called inter-organ crosstalk. Adipose tissue, the liver, or skeletal muscle can actively release secreted factors termed "organokines" which can interact with other distant targets in complex networks. More recently, other novel mediators of inter-organ crosstalk such as extracellular vesicles and their non-traditional cargoes as miRNAs and lncRNAs are gaining importance and represent potential therapeutic targets. In the present chapter we summarize some of the current knowledge on inter-organ communication with a focus on adipose tissue-released factors and their modulation on other organs and tissues like pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system, and the gut in the context of obesity and its progression to insulin resistance. We also provide a perspective on mediators of inter-organ crosstalk as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Piquet
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Tania Romacho
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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7
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Chen W, Zhong Y, Feng N, Guo Z, Wang S, Xing D. New horizons in the roles and associations of COX-2 and novel natural inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Med 2021; 27:123. [PMID: 34592918 PMCID: PMC8482621 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in elderly populations. Coxibs, including celecoxib, valdecoxib, etoricoxib, parecoxib, lumiracoxib, and rofecoxib, are selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, many coxibs have been discontinued due to adverse cardiovascular events. COX-2 contains cyclooxygenase (COX) and peroxidase (POX) sites. COX-2 inhibitors block COX activity without affecting POX activity. Recently, quercetin-like flavonoid compounds with OH groups in their B-rings have been found to serve as activators of COX-2 by binding the POX site. Galangin-like flavonol compounds serve as inhibitors of COX-2. Interestingly, nabumetone, flurbiprofen axetil, piketoprofen-amide, and nepafenac are ester prodrugs that inhibit COX-2. The combination of galangin-like flavonol compounds with these prodrug metabolites may lead to the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors. This review focuses on the most compelling evidence regarding the role and mechanism of COX-2 in cardiovascular diseases and demonstrates that quercetin-like compounds exert potential cardioprotective effects by serving as cofactors of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Zhong
- Cancer Institute, Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Nuan Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Cancer Institute, Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Radiotherapy Department of Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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8
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Stochmal A, Czuwara J, Zaremba M, Rudnicka L. Epoprostenol up-regulates serum adiponectin level in patients with systemic sclerosis: therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 313:783-791. [PMID: 33433715 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin, resistin and leptin belong to adipokines, a group of molecules secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, which impaired expression may be a missing link between various manifestations of systemic sclerosis. Adiponectin, which is also released in small amounts by the endothelium, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and protective against endothelial injury properties. Both leptin and resistin exhibit features which are contradictory to adiponectin, as they trigger inflammation and the activation of skin fibroblasts. Epoprostenol is a prostaglandin analogue with powerful vasodilator activity and inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether epoprostenol may have an effect on serum adipokine levels in patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS A total of 27 patients were included in the study and received epoprostenol intravenously (25 µg of per day for 3 consecutive days). Serum concentrations of total adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). RESULTS In all SSc patients, the basal level of adiponectin was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (mean 6.00 [Formula: see text] 2.81 μg/ml vs. 8.8 [Formula: see text] 4.3 μg/ml, p = 0.02) and basal level of resistin (mean 11.12 [Formula: see text] 3.36 ng/ml vs. 8.54 [Formula: see text] 3.07 ng/ml p = 0.02) was significantly higher than in the control group. The serum concentration of adiponectin increased significantly after treatment with epoprostenol (6.00 [Formula: see text] 2.81 μg/ml vs 9.29 [Formula: see text] 6.05 μg/ml; P = 0.002). The level of resistin and leptin remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Epoprostenol infusions up-regulate the serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with systemic sclerosis. In our opinion, future studies on treatments in systemic sclerosis should address the issue of their effect on adipokine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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10
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Nakata T, Ikeda S, Koga S, Yonekura T, Tsuneto A, Doi Y, Fukae S, Minami T, Kawano H, Maemura K. Randomized, Open-Label, Cross-Over Comparison of the Effects of Benzbromarone and Febuxostat on Endothelial Function in Patients with Hyperuricemia. Int Heart J 2020; 61:984-992. [PMID: 32921665 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is generated with reactive oxygen species via xanthine oxidase (XO), and hyperuricemia, which is identified as the excess of uric acid in the blood, has been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of urate-lowering medicines on endothelial function have not been fully elucidated. Thus this study determined and compared the effects of benzbromarone (urate transporter 1 inhibitor) and febuxostat (XO inhibitor) on endothelial function.This randomized, cross-over, open-label study initially recruited 30 patients with hyperuricemia. They were divided into two groups, treated initially with benzbromarone or febuxostat for three months and then were switched for the next three months. Endothelial function was defined as reactive hyperemia indexes (RHI) determined using Endo-PAT 2000 before and at three and six months after medication using the two agents. Blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin were also compared. We finally analyzed data from 24 patients whose endothelial function was assessed as described above.Our findings show that levels of uric acid significantly decreased, whereas those of HMW adiponectin and the RHI have significantly increased after treatment with benzbromarone. Meanwhile, in patients administered with febuxostat, uric acid levels tended to decrease and RHI significantly decreased. Neither of the two agents altered ADMA levels. The changes in RHI (P = 0.026) and HMW adiponectin levels (P = 0.001) were found to be significantly greater in patients treated with benzbromarone than febuxostat. Changes in the levels of HMW adiponectin and of uric acid were significantly correlated (r = -0.424, P = 0.039).Benzbromarone has increased adiponectin besides reducing uric acid levels, and thus, this might confer more benefits on endothelial function than febuxostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Seiji Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tsuyoshi Yonekura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Akira Tsuneto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yoshiyuki Doi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Satoki Fukae
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takako Minami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hiroaki Kawano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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11
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A novel selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate promotes ischemia-induced revascularization through the eNOS-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235362. [PMID: 32584895 PMCID: PMC7316279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Obesity-related metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia cause impaired collateralization under ischemic conditions, thereby resulting in exacerbated cardiovascular dysfunction. Pemafibrate is a novel selective PPARα modulator, which has been reported to improve atherogenic dyslipidemia, in particular, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol. Here, we investigated whether pemafibrate modulates the revascularization process in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Methods and results Male wild-type (WT) mice were randomly assigned to two groups, normal diet or pemafibrate admixture diet from the ages of 6 weeks. After 4 weeks, mice were subjected to unilateral hindlimb surgery to remove the left femoral artery and vein. Pemafibrate treatment enhanced blood flow recovery and capillary formation in ischemic limbs of mice, which was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with pemafibrate resulted in increased network formation and migratory activity, which were blocked by pretreatment with the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Pemafibrate treatment also increased plasma levels of the PPARα-regulated gene, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 in WT mice. Systemic administration of adenoviral vectors expressing FGF21 (Ad-FGF21) to WT mice enhanced blood flow recovery, capillary density and eNOS phosphorylation in ischemic limbs. Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with FGF21 protein led to increases in endothelial cell network formation and migration, which were canceled by pretreatment with L-NAME. Furthermore, administration of pemafibrate or Ad-FGF21 had no effects on blood flow in ischemic limbs in eNOS-deficient mice. Conclusion These data suggest that pemafibrate can promote revascularization in response to ischemia, at least in part, through direct and FGF21-mediated modulation of endothelial cell function. Thus, pemafibrate could be a potentially beneficial drug for ischemic vascular disease.
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12
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Choi HM, Doss HM, Kim KS. Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041219. [PMID: 32059381 PMCID: PMC7072842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of adiponectin is associated with chronic inflammation of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies showed that adiponectin could have pro-inflammatory roles in patients with autoimmune diseases. In particular, its high serum level was positively associated with inflammation severity and pathological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, adiponectin seems to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This indirectly indicates that adiponectin has different physiological roles according to an isoform and effector tissue. Knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponectin isoforms against metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Muk Choi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.M.C.); (H.M.D.)
| | - Hari Madhuri Doss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.M.C.); (H.M.D.)
- East-West Bone & Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Gandong-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.M.C.); (H.M.D.)
- East-West Bone & Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Gandong-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9619
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13
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Fondjo LA, Owiredu WKBA, Czika A, Nelson W, Lamptey J, Wang YX, Ding YB. The role of adiponectin in placentation and preeclampsia. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:106-117. [PMID: 31746004 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is not fully understood; and few biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic agents for its management have been identified. Original investigative findings suggest that abnormal placentation triggers preeclampsia and leads to hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which are characteristics of the disease. Because of the regulatory roles that it plays in several metabolic processes, adiponectin has become a cytokine of interest in metabolic medicine. In this review, we have discussed the role of adiponectin in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis, which are the major phases of placentation. Also, we have highlighted the physiological profile of adiponectin in the course of normal pregnancy. Moreover, we have discussed the involvement of adiponectin in hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and proteinuria. Furthermore, we have summarized the reported relationship between the maternal serum adiponectin level and preeclampsia. The available evidence indicates that adiponectin level physiologically falls as pregnancy advances, regulates placentation, and exhibits protective effects against the symptoms of preeclampsia and that while hyperadiponectinemia is evident in normal-weight preeclamptic women, hypoadiponectinemia is evident in overweight and obese preeclamptic women. Therefore, the clinical use of adiponectin as a biomarker, therapeutic target, or therapeutic agent against the disease looks promising and should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Republic of Ghana
| | - William K B A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Republic of Ghana
| | - Armin Czika
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - William Nelson
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Qi R, Wang J, Wang Q, Qiu X, Yang F, Liu Z, Huang J. MicroRNA-425 controls lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:744-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Potere N, Del Buono MG, Mauro AG, Abbate A, Toldo S. Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 in Cardiac Inflammation and Infarct Healing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:51. [PMID: 31080804 PMCID: PMC6497734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to myocardial cell death and ensuing sterile inflammatory response, which represents an attempt to clear cellular debris and promote cardiac repair. However, an overwhelming, unopposed or unresolved inflammatory response following AMI leads to further injury, worse remodeling and heart failure (HF). Additional therapies are therefore warranted to blunt the inflammatory response associated with ischemia and reperfusion and prevent long-term adverse events. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a ubiquitous endocytic cell surface receptor with the ability to recognize a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse ligands. LRP1 transduces multiple intracellular signal pathways regulating the inflammatory reaction, tissue remodeling and cell survival after organ injury. In preclinical studies, activation of LRP1-mediated signaling in the heart with non-selective and selective LRP1 agonists is linked with a powerful cardioprotective effect, reducing infarct size and cardiac dysfunction after AMI. The data from early phase clinical studies with plasma-derived α1-antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous LRP1 agonist, and SP16 peptide, a synthetic LRP1 agonist, support the translational value of LRP1 as a novel therapeutic target in AMI. In this review, we will summarize the cellular and molecular bases of LRP1 functions in modulating the inflammatory reaction and the reparative process after injury in various peripheral tissues, and discuss recent evidences implicating LRP1 in myocardial inflammation and infarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gabriele Mauro
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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17
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Ogawa H, Ohashi K, Ito M, Shibata R, Kanemura N, Yuasa D, Kambara T, Matsuo K, Hayakawa S, Hiramatsu-Ito M, Otaka N, Kawanishi H, Yamaguchi S, Enomoto T, Abe T, Kaneko M, Takefuji M, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Adipolin/CTRP12 protects against pathological vascular remodelling through suppression of smooth muscle cell growth and macrophage inflammatory response. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:237-249. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAimsSecreted factors produced by adipose tissue are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We previously identified adipolin, also known as C1q/TNF-related protein 12, as an insulin-sensitizing adipokine. However, the role of adipolin in vascular disease remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether adipolin modulates pathological vascular remodelling.Methods and resultsAdipolin-knockout (APL-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to wire-induced injury of the femoral artery. APL-KO mice showed increased neointimal thickening after vascular injury compared with WT mice, which was accompanied by an enhanced inflammatory response and vascular cell proliferation in injured arteries. Adipolin deficiency also led to a reduction in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1 protein levels in injured arteries. Treatment of cultured macrophages with adipolin protein led to a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of inflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. These effects were reversed by inhibition of TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII)/Smad2 signalling. Adipolin also reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through a TGF-βRII/Smad2-dependent pathway. Furthermore, adipolin treatment significantly increased TGF-β1 concentration in media from cultured VSMCs and macrophages.ConclusionThese data indicate that adipolin protects against the development of pathological vascular remodelling by attenuating macrophage inflammatory responses and VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Kanemura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kambara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hiramatsu-Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Otaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawanishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shukuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Enomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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18
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Developing LRP1 Agonists into a Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030544. [PMID: 30696029 PMCID: PMC6387161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection refers to a strategy aimed at enhancing survival pathways in the injured yet salvageable myocardium following ischemia-reperfusion. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional receptor that can be targeted following reperfusion, to induce a cardioprotective signaling through the activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. The data from preclinical studies with non-selective and selective LRP1 agonists are promising, showing a large therapeutic window for intervention to reduce infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion. A pilot clinical trial with plasma derived α1-antitrypsin (AAT), a naturally occurring LRP1 agonist, supports the translational value of LRP1 as a novel therapeutic target for cardioprotection. A phase I study with a selective LRP1 agonist has been completed showing no toxicity. These findings may open the way to early phase clinical studies with pharmacologic LRP1 activation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
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19
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Sente T, Gevaert A, Van Berendoncks A, Vrints CJ, Hoymans VY. The evolving role of adiponectin as an additive biomarker in HFrEF. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 21:753-769. [PMID: 27480276 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem. Despite improved management and outcome, the number of patients with HF is expected to keep rising in the following years. In recent research, adiponectin was shown to exert beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, but the protein was also implicated in the development and progression of HF. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of adiponectin in HF with reduced ejection fraction. We discuss the cardioprotective and (anti-) inflammatory actions of adiponectin and its potential use in clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee Sente
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Andreas Gevaert
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Van Berendoncks
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christiaan J Vrints
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicky Y Hoymans
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Wang Y, Ma XL, Lau WB. Cardiovascular Adiponectin Resistance: The Critical Role of Adiponectin Receptor Modification. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:519-530. [PMID: 28473178 PMCID: PMC6391995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, a great deal of research has been published concerning adiponectin (APN), an abundant protein responsible for regulating numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, antinitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. A review of APN and its two major receptors is timely because of new findings concerning the mechanisms by which APN signaling may be altered in pathologic processes such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we elaborate on currently known information regarding the physiologic role of APN and the known mechanisms underlying pathologic APN resistance - namely, APN receptor downregulation and phosphorylation - and provide insight regarding the future directions of APN research including an assessment of the clinical applicability of preventing pathologic post-translational modification of the APN receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xin L Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, whose reduction plays a central role in obesity-related diseases, including insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition to adipocytes, other cell types, such as skeletal and cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells, can also produce this adipocytokine. Adiponectin effects are mediated by adiponectin receptors, which occur as two isoforms (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Adiponectin has direct actions in liver, skeletal muscle, and the vasculature.Adiponectin exists in the circulation as varying molecular weight forms, produced by multimerization. Several endoplasmic reticulum ER-associated proteins, including ER oxidoreductase 1-α (Ero1-α), ER resident protein 44 (ERp44), disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GPR94), have recently been found to be involved in the assembly and secretion of higher-order adiponectin complexes. Recent data indicate that the high-molecular weight (HMW) complexes have the predominant action in metabolic tissues. Studies have shown that adiponectin administration in humans and rodents has insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and, in certain settings, also decreases body weight. Therefore, adiponectin replacement therapy in humans may suggest potential versatile therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The current knowledge on regulation and function of adiponectin in obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease is summarized in this review.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of death, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths worldwide. The increase in obesity rates over 3 decades is widespread and threatens the public health in both developed and developing countries. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causes the clustering of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, culminating in the development of CVD. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage organ, but an active endocrine tissue producing various biologically active proteins known as adipokines. Since leptin, a central regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, was demonstrated to be an adipose-specific adipokine, attention has focused on the identification and characterization of unknown adipokines to clarify the mechanisms underlying obesity-related disorders. Numerous adipokines have been identified in the past 2 decades; most adipokines are upregulated in the obese state. Adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and resistin are pro-inflammatory, and exacerbate various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, a small number of adipokines, including adiponectin, are decreased by obesity, and generally exhibit antiinflammatory properties and protective functions against obesity-related diseases. Collectively, an imbalance in the production of pro- and antiinflammatory adipokines in the obese condition results in multiple complications. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiologic roles of adipokines with cardiovascular protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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23
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Fuster JJ, Ouchi N, Gokce N, Walsh K. Obesity-Induced Changes in Adipose Tissue Microenvironment and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2017; 118:1786-807. [PMID: 27230642 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is causally linked with the development of cardiovascular disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that cardiovascular disease is the collateral damage of obesity-driven adipose tissue dysfunction that promotes a chronic inflammatory state within the organism. Adipose tissues secrete bioactive substances, referred to as adipokines, which largely function as modulators of inflammation. The microenvironment of adipose tissue will affect the adipokine secretome, having actions on remote tissues. Obesity typically leads to the upregulation of proinflammatory adipokines and the downregulation of anti-inflammatory adipokines, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the microenvironment of adipose tissue and how it influences cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases, through the systemic actions of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Fuster
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.J.F., N.G., K.W.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (N.O.).
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.J.F., N.G., K.W.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (N.O.)
| | - Noyan Gokce
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.J.F., N.G., K.W.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (N.O.)
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.J.F., N.G., K.W.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (N.O.).
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24
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Sustained High Levels of Both Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Plasma during the Convalescent Phase of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Are Associated with Disease Severity. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6468097. [PMID: 28424792 PMCID: PMC5382360 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6468097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is characterised by an uncontrolled immune response that causes vascular leakage. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytokine involved in prorevascularisation and immunomodulation. To investigate the possible effects of APN in the pathogenesis of HFRS, total and high molecular weight (HMW) APN levels in the plasma of patients with HFRS were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with those in healthy controls, the plasma total and HMW APN levels in patients were elevated to different degrees from the fever onset and remained high at the convalescent phase. Consistent with these results, western blot analysis additionally showed that low molecular weight (LMW), middle molecular weight (MMW), and HMW APN levels were all elevated and contributed to the elevation of the total APN level. Importantly, sustained high levels of total and HMW APN at the convalescent phase were significantly higher in patients with critical disease than those in patients with mild or moderate disease. Moreover, total and HMW APN levels negatively correlated with white blood cell count and positively correlated with platelet count and serum albumin level. These results may provide insights into understanding the roles of total and HMW APN in the pathogenesis of HFRS.
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25
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Xu F, Wang Y, Tao T, Song D, Liu X. Calreticulin attenuated microwave radiation-induced human microvascular endothelial cell injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:87-97. [PMID: 27815707 PMCID: PMC5225063 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work reveals that actin acetylation modification has been linked to different normal and disease processes and the effects associated with metabolic and environmental stressors. Herein, we highlight the effects of calreticulin on actin acetylation and cell injury induced by microwave radiation in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC). HMEC injury was induced by high-power microwave of different power density (10, 30, 60, 100 mW/cm2, for 6 min) with or without exogenous recombinant calreticulin. The cell injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and Cell Counting Kit-8 in culture medium, migration ability, intercellular junction, and cytoskeleton staining in HMEC. Western blotting analysis was used to detected calreticulin expression in cytosol and nucleus and acetylation of globular actin (G-actin). We found that HMEC injury was induced by microwave radiation in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment HMEC with calreticulin suppressed microwave radiation-induced LDH leakage and increased cell viability and improved microwave radiation-induced decrease in migration, intercellular junction, and cytoskeleton. Meanwhile, pretreatment HMEC with exogenous calreticulin upregulated the histone acetyltransferase activity and the acetylation level of G-actin and increased the fibrous actin (F-actin)/G-actin ratio. We conclude that exogenous calreticulin protects HMEC against microwave radiation-induced injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Tao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Sun Y, Zhao D, Yang Y, Gao C, Zhang X, Ma Z, Jiang S, Zhao L, Chen W, Ren K, Yi W, Gao F. Adiponectin exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury partially via calreticulin mediated anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative actions. Apoptosis 2016; 22:108-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Yamamoto H, Kuroda N, Uekita H, Kochi I, Matsumoto A, Niinaga R, Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Kihara S. E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1) is a novel adiponectin binding protein on cell adhesion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:425-430. [PMID: 26792720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocyte-derived bioactive molecule with anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic properties. Although anti-diabetic effects are mostly mediated by the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, the anti-atherogenic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we identified E-selectin ligand (ESL)-1 as a novel APN-binding protein by mass spectrometry analysis of HepG2 cell-derived immunoprecipitant with an anti-APN antibody. Cell adhesion assays using fluorescence-labelled monocyte cell line THP-1 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that APN-pre-treated THP-1 cells had reduced binding ability to HUVECs. This APN-mediated suppressive effect on monocyte binding to endothelial cells was partially abrogated by targeting ESL-1 with shRNA in THP-1 cells. In addition, serial mutagenesis analysis disclosed that five extracellular amino acids close to the N-terminus of ESL-1 were essential for binding with APN. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the fact that interaction between APN and ESL-1 could provide a fundamental mechanism underlying the anti-atherogenic properties of APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nana Kuroda
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Uekita
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikoi Kochi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akane Matsumoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Niinaga
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Xu FF, Tao TQ, Wang XR, Li YZ, Song DD, Liu M, Liu XH. Cytosolic calreticulin inhibits microwave radiation-induced microvascular endothelial cell injury through the integrin-focal adhesion kinase pathway. Microcirculation 2015; 21:717-29. [PMID: 24930861 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of cytosolic CRT on MR-induced MMEC injury, and the underlying mechanism. METHODS MMECs were randomized into eight groups: control, AdCRT (infected with pAdCMV/V5-DEST-CRT adenovirus), stCRT (transfected with rCRT-siRNAs), Mock (transfected with scrambled siRNAs), MR (exposed to MR for six minutes), AdCRT + MR, stCRT + MR, and Mock + MR. The magnitude of cell injury were assessed by Annexin V-PI staining, LDH activity in culture medium, MMEC migration ability, ultrastructure and cytoskeletal stability. Subcellular colocalization of CRT and ConA or integrin were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of target genes were examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS MR-induced cytotoxicity was dose-dependent. Overexpression of cytosolic CRT suppressed MR injury, shown as decreased cell apoptosis, reduced LDH activity, enhanced cell migration capability, and maintenance of ultrastructure and cytoskeleton integrity. Conversely, CRT deficiency aggravated MR-induced injury. Exposure of AdCRT MMECs to MR promoted membrane translocation of CRT and the interaction of CRT-integrin-α. Correlation analysis revealed that integrin-α expression or FAK phosphorylation was positively associated with cytosolic CRT expression. CONCLUSIONS Cytosolic CRT inhibits MR-induced MMEC injury through activation of the integrin-FAK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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29
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Saneipour M, Ghatreh-Samani K, Heydarian E, Farrokhi E, Abdian N. Adiponectin inhibits oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2015; 11:191-5. [PMID: 26405452 PMCID: PMC4568192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) during vascular injury and inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. In the process of atherosclerosis, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) upregulates MMP9 in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA/VSMCs). Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that has been shown to exert anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adiponectin on MMP9 expression under pathogenic condition created by oxLDL in HA/VSMCs. METHODS In this experimental study, HA/VSMC were stimulated with oxLDL alone and in the presence of adiponectin for 24 and 48 h. The expression of MMP9 gene was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The protein level of this gene was investigated by western blotting technique. RESULTS An oxLDL increased MMP9 expression 2.16 ± 0.24- and 3.32 ± 0.25-fold after 24 and 48 h, respectively and adiponectin decreased oxLDL-induced MMP9 expression in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results show that adiponectin changes extracellular matrix by reducing MMP9 mRNA and protein, therefore, may stabilize lesions and reduce atheroma rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saneipour
- MSc Student, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Keihan Ghatreh-Samani
- Assistant Professor, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Correspondence to: Keihan Ghatreh-Samani,
| | - Esfandiar Heydarian
- Associate Professor, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Effat Farrokhi
- PhD Candidate, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Narges Abdian
- PhD Candidate, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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30
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Parker-Duffen JL, Nakamura K, Silver M, Zuriaga MA, MacLauchlan S, Aprahamian TR, Walsh K. Divergent roles for adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 in mediating revascularization and metabolic dysfunction in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16200-13. [PMID: 24742672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a well described anti-inflammatory adipokine that is highly abundant in serum. Previous reports have found that adiponectin deficiency promotes cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction in murine models, whereas its overexpression is protective. Two candidate adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, are uncharacterized with regard to cardiovascular tissue homeostasis, and their in vivo metabolic functions remain controversial. Here we subjected AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-deficient mice to chronic hind limb ischemic surgery. Blood flow recovery in AdipoR1-deficient mice was similar to wild-type; however, revascularization in AdipoR2-deficient mice was severely attenuated. Treatment with adiponectin enhanced the recovery of wild-type mice but failed to rescue the impairment observed in AdipoR2-deficient mice. In view of this divergent receptor function in the hind limb ischemia model, AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-deficient mice were also evaluated in a model of diet-induced obesity. Strikingly, AdipoR1-deficient mice developed severe metabolic dysfunction compared with wild type, whereas AdipoR2-deficient mice were protected from diet-induced weight gain and metabolic perturbations. These data show that AdipoR2, but not AdipoR1, is functionally important in an in vivo model of ischemia-induced revascularization and that its expression is essential for the revascularization actions of adiponectin. These data also show that, in contrast to revascularization responses, AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2 deficiency, leads to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, revealing that these receptors have highly divergent roles in vascular and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Parker-Duffen
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and
| | | | | | | | | | - Tamar R Aprahamian
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine-Renal Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and
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31
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Ohashi K, Enomoto T, Joki Y, Shibata R, Ogura Y, Kataoka Y, Shimizu Y, Kambara T, Uemura Y, Yuasa D, Matsuo K, Hayakawa S, Hiramatsu-Ito M, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Neuron-derived neurotrophic factor functions as a novel modulator that enhances endothelial cell function and revascularization processes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14132-44. [PMID: 24706764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to stimulate revascularization are valuable for cardiovascular diseases. Here we identify neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF)/epidermacan as a secreted molecule that is up-regulated in endothelial cells in ischemic limbs of mice. NDNF was secreted from cultured human endothelial cells, and its secretion was stimulated by hypoxia. NDNF promoted endothelial cell network formation and survival in vitro through activation of Akt/endothelial NOS (eNOS) signaling involving integrin αvβ3. Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NDNF in endothelial cells led to reduction of cellular responses and basal Akt signaling. Intramuscular overexpression of NDNF led to enhanced blood flow recovery and capillary density in ischemic limbs of mice, which was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS. The stimulatory actions of NDNF on perfusion recovery in ischemic muscles of mice were abolished by eNOS deficiency or NOS inhibition. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated reduction of NDNF in muscles of mice resulted in reduction of perfusion recovery and phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in response to ischemia. Our data indicate that NDNF acts as an endogenous modulator that promotes endothelial cell function and ischemia-induced revascularization through eNOS-dependent mechanisms. Thus, NDNF can represent a therapeutic target for the manipulation of ischemic vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ohashi
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Takashi Enomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Joki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kambara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uemura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoko Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hiramatsu-Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Nakamura K, Fuster JJ, Walsh K. Adipokines: a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol 2014; 63:250-9. [PMID: 24355497 PMCID: PMC3989503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Recent studies aimed at understanding the microenvironment of adipose tissue and its impact on systemic metabolism have shed light on the pathogenesis of obesity-linked cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ by secreting multiple immune-modulatory proteins known as adipokines. Obesity leads to increased expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines and diminished expression of anti-inflammatory adipokines, resulting in the development of a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state. This adipokine imbalance is thought to be a key event in promoting both systemic metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on the adipose tissue microenvironment and the role of adipokines in modulating systemic inflammatory responses that contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Nakamura
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José J Fuster
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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33
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Pacheco-Pantoja EL, Fraser WD, Wilson PJM, Gallagher JA. Differential effects of adiponectin in osteoblast-like cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:351-60. [PMID: 24673523 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.898658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton should maintain an adequate volume, vigour and strength to carry out the role for which it is designed: to hold the whole soft tissue mass that shapes the body and to protect the vital organs. To fulfil this task a satisfactory food intake is required and regulators that are released in the feeding and fasting states, among other signals indicate how much soft mass needs to be built up. Those signals include the secretion of adipocytokines which could represent a relevant link between soft mass (adipose tissue) and skeleton. We studied the presence of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) and its direct effects in osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. The results indicated that adiponectin receptors were present in the osteoblastic cells with a higher expression of AdipoR1. Human recombinant globular adiponectin was able to increase viability levels and decrease cytotoxicity rates in cell cultures. Also, adiponectin significantly inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in supernatants. Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression was significantly reduced after 72 h treatment. The FOS induction was studied and the results exhibited a significant increase caused by adiponectin. In conclusion, all these observations suggest that adiponectin influences bone metabolism decreasing the levels of bone formation. Regulators of adiponectin or its receptors could be circulating to modulate the activities of this peptide.
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34
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Agustí A, Barberà JA, Wouters EFM, Peinado VI, Jeffery PK. Lungs, bone marrow, and adipose tissue. A network approach to the pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 188:1396-406. [PMID: 24175885 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201308-1404pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often suffer other concomitant disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, that influence significantly (and independently of lung function) their health status and prognosis. Thus, COPD is not a single organ condition, and disturbances of a complex network of interorgan connected responses occur and modulate the natural history of the disease. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis that considers a vascularly connected network with (1) the lungs as the main external sensor of the system and a major source of "danger signals"; (2) the endothelium as an internal sensor of the system (also a potential target tissue); and (3) two key responding elements, bone marrow and adipose tissue, which produce both inflammatory and repair signals. According to the model, the development of COPD, and associated multimorbidities (here we focus on cardiovascular disease as an important example), depend on the manner in which the vascular connected network responds, adapts, or fails to adapt (dictated by the genetic and epigenetic background of the individual) to the inhalation of particles and gases, mainly in cigarette smoke. The caveats and limitations of the hypothesis, as well as the experimental and clinical research needed to test and explore the proposed model, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar Agustí
- 1 Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Fu Y. Adiponectin Signaling and Metabolic Syndrome. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:293-319. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, adiponectin has been studied in more than eleven thousand publications. A classical adipokine, adiponectin was among the first factors secreted from adipose tissue that were found to promote metabolic function. Circulating levels of adiponectin consistently decline with increasing body mass index. Clinical and basic science studies have identified adiponectin's cardiovascular-protective actions, providing a mechanistic link to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in obese individuals. While progress has been made in identifying receptors essential for the metabolic actions of adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), few studies have examined the receptor-mediated signaling pathways in cardiovascular tissues. T-cadherin, a GPI-anchored adiponectin-binding protein, was recently identified as critical for the cardiac-protective and revascularization actions of adiponectin. Adiponectin is abundantly present on the surfaces of vascular and muscle tissues through a direct interaction with T-cadherin. Consistent with this observation, adiponectin is absent from T-cadherin-deficient tissues. Since T-cadherin lacks an intracellular domain, additional studies would further our understanding of this signaling pathway. Here, we review the diverse cardiometabolic actions of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Parker-Duffen
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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37
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Parker-Duffen JL, Nakamura K, Silver M, Kikuchi R, Tigges U, Yoshida S, Denzel MS, Ranscht B, Walsh K. T-cadherin is essential for adiponectin-mediated revascularization. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24886-97. [PMID: 23824191 PMCID: PMC3750183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes protein factors that have systemic actions on cardiovascular tissues. Previous studies have shown that ablation of the adipocyte-secreted protein adiponectin leads to endothelial dysfunction, whereas its overexpression promotes wound healing. However, the receptor(s) mediating the protective effects of adiponectin on the vasculature is not known. Here we examined the role of membrane protein T-cadherin, which localizes adiponectin to the vascular endothelium, in the revascularization response to chronic ischemia. T-cadherin-deficient mice were analyzed in a model of hind limb ischemia where blood flow is surgically disrupted in one limb and recovery is monitored over 28 days by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. In this model, T-cadherin-deficient mice phenocopy adiponectin-deficient mice such that both strains display an impaired blood flow recovery compared with wild-type controls. Delivery of exogenous adiponectin rescued the impaired revascularization phenotype in adiponectin-deficient mice but not in T-cadherin-deficient mice. In cultured endothelial cells, T-cadherin deficiency by siRNA knockdown prevented the ability of adiponectin to promote cellular migration and proliferation. These data highlight a previously unrecognized role for T-cadherin in limb revascularization and show that it is essential for mediating the vascular actions of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Parker-Duffen
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 and
| | | | | | | | - Ulrich Tigges
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Martin S. Denzel
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Barbara Ranscht
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 and
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38
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Ye R, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, driver or passenger on the road to insulin sensitivity? Mol Metab 2013; 2:133-41. [PMID: 24049728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 20 years have passed since the first laboratory evidence emerged that an abundant message encoding a protein with homology to the C1q superfamily is highly specifically expressed in adipocytes. At this stage, we refer to this protein as adiponectin. Despite more than 10,000 reports in the literature since its initial description, we seem to have written only the first chapter in the textbook on adiponectin physiology. With every new aspect we learn about adiponectin, a host of new questions arise with respect to the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we aim to summarize recent findings in the field and bring the rodent studies that suggest a causal relationship between adiponectin levels in plasma and systemic insulin sensitivity in perspective with the currently available data on the clinical side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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39
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Shimizu I, Walsh K. Vascular remodeling mediated by Angptl2 produced from perivascular adipose tissue. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:176-8. [PMID: 23528806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin receptor as a key player in healthy longevity and obesity-related diseases. Cell Metab 2013; 17:185-96. [PMID: 23352188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a fat-derived hormone whose reduction plays central roles in obesity-linked diseases including insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. The cloning of Adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 has stimulated adiponectin research, revealing pivotal roles for AdipoRs in pleiotropic adiponectin actions, as well as some postreceptor signaling mechanisms. Adiponectin signaling has thus become one of the major research fields in metabolism and clinical medicine. Studies on AdipoRs will further our understanding of the role of adiponectin in obesity-linked diseases and shortened life span and may guide the design of antidiabetic and antiaging drugs with AdipoR as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the adiponectin levels and various characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of the Tunisian population. Three hundred and fifty-four individuals were included in this study. Body mass index, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MS was identified with the NCEP-ATP III criteria. Subjects with MS showed significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to those without MS. For both genders, the prevalence and the number of MS components increased significantly as the adiponectin concentrations decreased. Subjects with the lowest adiponectin quartile had an increased risk of MS adjusted for age, gender, and HOMA-IR. Our findings suggest that hypoadiponectinemia is strongly associated with the risk of MS independent of insulin resistance.
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42
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Shibata S, Tada Y, Asano Y, Hau CS, Kato T, Saeki H, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Kadowaki T, Sato S. Adiponectin Regulates Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Keratinocyte Proliferation and Migration via the ERK Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3231-41. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Northcott JM, Yeganeh A, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Wigle JT. Adipokines and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms mediating health and disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1029-59. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of adipokines in the maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system, and the mechanisms by which these factors mediate the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Adipocytes are the major cell type comprising the adipose tissue. These cells secrete numerous factors, termed adipokines, into the blood, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, and visfatin. Adipose tissue is a highly vascularised endocrine organ, and different adipose depots have distinct adipokine secretion profiles, which are altered with obesity. The ability of many adipokines to stimulate angiogenesis is crucial for adipose tissue expansion; however, excessive blood vessel growth is deleterious. As well, some adipokines induce inflammation, which promotes cardiovascular disease progression. We discuss how these 7 aforementioned adipokines act upon the various cardiovascular cell types (endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts), the direct effects of these actions, and their overall impact on the cardiovascular system. These were chosen, as these adipokines are secreted predominantly from adipocytes and have known effects on cardiovascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M. Northcott
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Villarreal-Molina MT, Antuna-Puente B. Adiponectin: anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Biochimie 2012; 94:2143-9. [PMID: 22796520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that plays an essential role in regulating several metabolic functions through the secretion of biological mediators called "adipokines". Dysregulation of adipokines plays a crucial role in obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin (APN) is the most abundant adipokine accounting for the 0.01% of total serum protein, and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes including energy metabolism, inflammation, and vascular physiology. APN plasma levels are reduced in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, all traits with low-grade chronic inflammation. It is has been suggested that the absence of APN anti-inflammatory effects may be a contributing factor to this inflammation. APN inhibits the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial adhesion molecules, macrophage-to-foam cell transformation, tumor necrosis factor-α expression in macrophages and adipose tissue, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. It also has anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects, which play a role in its cardioprotective action. This review will focus on APN as an anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective plasma protein.
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of adiponectin. Biochimie 2012; 94:2137-42. [PMID: 22713764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related disorders, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and atherosclerosis, are associated with chronic inflammation. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived secreted factor that is down-regulated in obese states. Adiponectin exerts the protective actions on obesity-linked diseases, such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis by attenuating chronic inflammation in its target organs. Adiponectin also exerts the salutary effects on vascular disorders by directly acting on vascular component cells including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. This review will focus on the role of adiponectin in control of inflammatory responses and atherogenic processes.
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Zhou J, Qin G. Adipocyte dysfunction and hypertension. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2012; 2:143-149. [PMID: 22720204 PMCID: PMC3371623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly a public health problem due to its high risk of developing insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In particular, the association of obesity and hypertension is well recognized; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This article reviews recent advancements of cellular and molecular mechanisms by which adipocyte dysfunction and obesity contribute to hypertension through endocrine and paracrine effects of the adipose tissue-derived adipokines on the function of vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Northwestern Univesity Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
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Morales A, Gao W, Lu J, Xing J, Li J. Muscle cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathway contributes to the exaggerated muscle mechanoreflex in rats with congestive heart failure. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:943-54. [PMID: 22523381 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes are responsible for the formation from arachidonic acid of prostaglandins, among other metabolites. Prior studies have suggested that inhibition of the COX pathway attenuates the responses of sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure during static muscle contraction. Static muscle contraction activates the exercise pressor reflex, which in turn increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Also, COX products contribute to exaggeration of the exercise pressor reflex in heart failure (HF). This dysfunction of the exercise pressor reflex has previously been shown to be mediated primarily by muscle mechanoreflex overactivity. It is well known that COX-1 and COX-2 are two isoforms of the enzyme that lead to formation of these important biological mediators involved in the muscle reflex. Thus, in the present study, we determined whether the COX-1 and/or COX-2 pathway contribute(s) to the augmented mechanoreflex activity in HF. First, Western blot analysis was employed to examine protein expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in skeletal muscle tissue of control rats and rats with HF induced by myocardial infarction. Our data show that there is no significant difference in COX-1 expression in both experimental groups. However, COX-2 displays significant overexpression in rats with HF compared with control rats (optical density 1.06 ± 0.05 in control and 1.6 ± 0.05 in HF, P < 0.05 versus control). Second, the mechanoreflex was evoked by passive tendon stretch, and the reflex sympathetic and pressor responses to muscle stretch were examined after COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (FR-122047 and SC-236) were individually injected into the arterial blood supply of the hindlimb muscles. The results demonstrate that the stretch-evoked reflex responses in rats with HF were significantly attenuated by administration of SC-236, but not by FR-122047, i.e. renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure responses evoked by 0.5 kg of muscle tension were 52.3 ± 8.9% and 19 ± 1.4 mmHg, respectively, in control conditions and 26.4 ± 5.6% and 5.7 ± 1.6 mmHg (P < 0.05 versus control group) after 0.25 mg kg(-1) of SC-236. Muscle stretch-evoked renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure responses were 51.8 ± 8.2% and 18.7 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively, in control conditions and 48.3 ± 5.3% and 17.5 ± 1.9 mmHg (P > 0.05 versus control group) after 1.0 mg kg(-1) of FR-122047. Accordingly, the results obtained from this study support our hypothesis that heightened COX-2 expression within the hindlimb muscles contributes to the exaggerated muscle mechanoreflex in congestive HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Morales
- Heart & Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Matsakas A, Yadav V, Lorca S, Evans RM, Narkar VA. Revascularization of ischemic skeletal muscle by estrogen-related receptor-γ. Circ Res 2012; 110:1087-96. [PMID: 22415017 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.266478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxidative myofibers in the skeletal muscles express high levels of angiogenic factors, have dense vasculature, and promptly revascularize during ischemia. Estrogen-related receptor-gamma (ERRγ) activates genes that govern metabolic and vascular features typical to oxidative myofibers. Therefore, ERRγ-dependent remodeling of the myofibers may promote neoangiogenesis and restoration of blood perfusion in skeletal muscle ischemia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the muscle fiber type remodeling by ERRγ and its role in the vascular recovery of ischemic muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS Using immunohistology, we show that skeletal muscle-specific transgenic overexpression of ERRγ increases the proportions of oxidative and densely vascularized type IIA and IIX myofibers and decreases glycolytic and less vascularized type IIB myofibers. This myofiber remodeling results in a higher basal blood flow in the transgenic skeletal muscle. By applying unilateral hind limb ischemia to transgenic and wild-type mice, we found accelerated revascularization (fluorescent microangiography), restoration of blood perfusion (laser Doppler flowmetry), and muscle repair (Evans blue dye exclusion) in transgenic compared to wild-type ischemic muscles. This ameliorative effect is linked to enhanced neoangiogenesis (CD31 staining and microfil perfusion) by ERRγ. Using cultured muscle cells in which ERRγ is inactivated, we show that the receptor is dispensable for the classical hypoxic response of transcriptional upregulation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Rather, the ameliorative effect of ERRγ is linked to the receptor-mediated increase in oxidative myofibers that inherently express and secrete high levels of angiogenic factors. CONCLUSIONS The ERRγ is a hypoxia-independent inducer of neoangiogenesis that can promote reparative revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Matsakas
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 77030, USA
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Wang Y, Wang X, Jasmin JF, Lau WB, Li R, Yuan Y, Yi W, Chuprun K, Lisanti MP, Koch WJ, Gao E, Ma XL. Essential role of caveolin-3 in adiponectin signalsome formation and adiponectin cardioprotection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:934-42. [PMID: 22328772 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.242164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin (APN) system malfunction is causatively related to increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate molecular mechanisms responsible for APN transmembrane signaling and cardioprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, caveolin-3 knockout (Cav-3KO) mice exhibited modestly increased myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (increased infarct size, apoptosis, and poorer cardiac function recovery; P<0.05). Although the expression level of key APN signaling molecules was normal in Cav-3KO, the cardioprotective effects of APN observed in wild-type were either markedly reduced or completely lost in Cav-3KO. Molecular and cellular experiments revealed that APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) colocalized with Cav-3, forming AdipoR1/Cav-3 complex via specific Cav-3 scaffolding domain binding motifs. AdipoR1/Cav-3 interaction was required for APN-initiated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent intracellular cardioprotective signalings. More importantly, APPL1 and adenylate cyclase, 2 immediately downstream molecules required for AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent signaling, respectively, formed a protein complex with AdipoR1 in a Cav-3 dependent fashion. Finally, pharmacological activation of both AMPK plus protein kinase A significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function in Cav-3KO animals. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time that Cav-3 plays an essential role in APN transmembrane signaling and APN anti-ischemic/cardioprotective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Ouchi N, Ohashi K, Shibata R, Murohara T. Adipocytokines and obesity-linked disorders. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2012; 74:19-30. [PMID: 22515108 PMCID: PMC4831247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with an increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue produces a number of secretory bioactive substances, also known as adipocytokines or adipokines, which directly affect adjacent or distant organs. Most adipocytokines are pro-inflammatory, thereby promoting the obesity-linked disorders. In contrast, there are a small number of adipocytokines that exhibit antiinflammatory properties. It is now recognized that dysregulated production or secretion of adipocytokines caused by adipocyte dysfunction leads to the development of obesity-linked complications. In this review, we focus on the functional role of several adipocytokines in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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