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Kang KA, Piao MJ, Fernando PDSM, Herath HMUL, Boo HJ, Yoon SP, Hyun JW. Oxidative Stress-Mediated RUNX3 Mislocalization Occurs Via Jun Activation Domain-Binding Protein 1 and Histone Modification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04944-0. [PMID: 38683453 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Runt domain transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) suppresses many different cancer types and is disabled by mutations, epigenetic repression, or cytoplasmic mislocalization. In this study, we investigated whether oxidative stress is associated with RUNX3 accumulation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in terms of histone modification. Oxidative stress elevated histone deacetylase (HDAC) level and lowered that of histone acetyltransferase. In addition, oxidative stress decreased the expression of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL), a histone methyltransferase, but increased the expression of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9a), which is also a histone methyltransferase. Moreover, oxidative stress-induced RUNX3 phosphorylation, Src activation, and Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (JAB1) expression were inhibited by knockdown of HDAC and G9a, restoring the nuclear localization of RUNX3 under oxidative stress. Cytoplasmic RUNX3 localization was followed by oxidative stress-induced histone modification, activated Src along with RUNX3 phosphorylation, and induction of JAB1, resulting in RUNX3 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan Fernando
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hye-Jin Boo
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Pil Yoon
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Yavuz BR, Arici MK, Demirel HC, Tsai CJ, Jang H, Nussinov R, Tuncbag N. Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer networks share pathways, but differ in mechanisms, signaling strength, and outcome. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:37. [PMID: 37925498 PMCID: PMC10625621 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are more prone to develop certain types of cancer. Notably, however, the case statistics can be impacted by late discovery of cancer in individuals afflicted with NDDs, such as intellectual disorders, autism, and schizophrenia, which may bias the numbers. As to NDD-associated mutations, in most cases, they are germline while cancer mutations are sporadic, emerging during life. However, somatic mosaicism can spur NDDs, and cancer-related mutations can be germline. NDDs and cancer share proteins, pathways, and mutations. Here we ask (i) exactly which features they share, and (ii) how, despite their commonalities, they differ in clinical outcomes. To tackle these questions, we employed a statistical framework followed by network analysis. Our thorough exploration of the mutations, reconstructed disease-specific networks, pathways, and transcriptome levels and profiles of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cancers, point to signaling strength as the key factor: strong signaling promotes cell proliferation in cancer, and weaker (moderate) signaling impacts differentiation in ASD. Thus, we suggest that signaling strength, not activating mutations, can decide clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Ruken Yavuz
- Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - M Kaan Arici
- Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Habibe Cansu Demirel
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Li H, Lin W, Zhang G, Liu R, Qu M, Zhang J, Xing X. BMSC-exosomes miR-25-3p Regulates the p53 Signaling Pathway Through PTEN to Inhibit Cell Apoptosis and Ameliorate Liver Ischemia‒reperfusion Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2820-2836. [PMID: 37594613 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a pathological phenomenon during liver surgery, and bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) exosomes (BMSC-Exos) regulate cell apoptosis and reduce ischemia‒reperfusion injury. We aimed to investigate the roles of BMSC-Exos and miR-25b-3p (enriched in BMSC-Exos) in HIRI and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. APPROACHES AND RESULTS An HIRI mouse model was constructed and preinjected with BMSC-Exos, agomir-miR-25, agomir-miR-NC, or PBS via the tail vein. Compared with mice with HIRI, mice with HIRI preinjected with BMSC-Exos had significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and alleviated liver necrosis (P < 0.05). Quantitative hepatic transcriptomics showed that mice with HIRI preinjected with BMSC-Exos exhibited increased cell division, hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development and metabolic processes. miRNA sequencing of BMSC-Exos revealed that miR-25, which is related to I/R injury, was enriched in the exosomes. Compared with HIRI + NC mice, HIRI + miR-25b-3p mice had significantly increased miR-25b-3p expression, decreased ALT/AST levels and apoptosis-related protein expression (P < 0.05), and alleviated liver necrosis. The proliferation of AML-12 cells transfected with miR-25b-3p was significantly higher than that in the mimic NC group (P < 0.01) after hypoxia induction, and the apoptosis rate of cells was significantly lower than that in the NC group (P < 0.01). PTEN was identified as a miR-25b-3p target gene. PTEN expression was significantly diminished in miR-25b-3p-transfected AML12 cells (P < 0.05). HIRI + agomir-miR-25 mice displayed reduced PTEN expression and decreased p53 and cleaved caspase 3 levels compared to HIRI + NC mice. CONCLUSIONS We revealed the roles and underlying mechanisms of BMSC-Exos and miR-25 in HIRI, contributing to the prevention and treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Li
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Rd, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Weidong Lin
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Runsheng Liu
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Rd, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Minghai Qu
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Rd, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Rd, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuekun Xing
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Rd, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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Das P, Pal S, Das N, Chakraborty K, Chatterjee K, Mal S, Choudhuri T. Endogenous PTEN acts as the key determinant for mTOR inhibitor sensitivity by inducing the stress-sensitized PTEN-mediated death axis in KSHV-associated malignant cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1062462. [PMID: 37602330 PMCID: PMC10433768 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1062462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a part of viral cancer evolution, KSHV-infected human endothelial cells exert a unique transcriptional program via upregulated mTORC1 signaling. This event makes them sensitive to mTOR inhibitors. Master transcriptional regulator PTEN acts as the prime regulator of mTOR and determining factor for mTOR inhibitory drug resistance and sensitivity. PTEN is post-translationally modified in KSHV-associated cell lines and infected tissues. Our current study is an attempt to understand the functional role of upstream modulator PTEN in determining the sensitivity of mTOR inhibitors against KSHV-infected cells in an in vitro stress-responsive model. Our analysis shows that, despite phosphorylation, endogenous levels of intact PTEN in different KSHV-infected cells compared to normal and non-infected cells are quite high. Genetic overexpression of intact PTEN showed functional integrity of this gene in the infected cells in terms of induction of a synchronized cell death process via cell cycle regulation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. PTEN overexpression enhanced the mTOR inhibitory drug activity, the silencing of which hampers the process against KSHV-infected cells. Additionally, we have shown that endogenous PTEN acts as a stress balancer molecule inside KSHV-infected cells and can induce stress-sensitized death program post mTOR inhibitor treatment, lined up in the ATM-chk2-p53 axis. Moreover, autophagic regulation was found as a major regulator in mTOR inhibitor-induced PTEN-mediated death axis from our study. The current work critically intersected the PTEN-mediated stress balancing mechanism where autophagy has been utilized as a part of the KSHV stress management system and is specifically fitted and switched toward autophagy-mediated apoptosis directing toward a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tathagata Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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5
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Liu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Hu X, Xin W, Chen N. The regulation of PTEN: Novel insights into functions as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1693-1715. [PMID: 37334436 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the implications of the primary tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in aggressive cancer development. PTEN interacts with other cellular proteins or factors suggesting the existence of an intricate molecular network that regulates their oncogenic function. Accumulating evidence has shown that PTEN exists and plays a role in the cytoplasmic organelles and in the nucleus. PTEN blocks phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-triphosphate to PI-4,5-bisphosphate thus counteracting PI3K function. Studies have shown that PTEN expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels (including protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications). Despite recent advances in PTEN research, the regulation and function of the PTEN gene remain largely unknown. How mutation or loss of specific exons in the PTEN gene occurs and involves in cancer development is not clear. This review illustrates the regulatory mechanisms of PTEN expression and discusses how PTEN participates in tumor development and/or suppression. Future prospects for the clinical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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6
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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7
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De Freitas JH, Bragato JP, Rebech GT, Costa SF, Dos Santos MO, Soares MF, Eugênio FDR, Dos Santos PSP, De Lima VMF. MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-148a affects PTEN, NO and ROS in canine leishmaniasis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1106496. [PMID: 37124626 PMCID: PMC10137164 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) poses a severe public health threat in several countries. Disease progression depends on the degree of immune response suppression. MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate mRNA translation into proteins and regulate various cellular functions and pathways associated with immune responses. MiR-21 and miR-148a can alter the parasite load and M1 macrophages are the principal cells in dogs' leishmanicidal activity. A previous study found increased miR-21 and miR-148a in splenic leukocytes (SL) of dogs with CanL using microarray analysis and in silico analysis identified PTEN pathway targets. PTEN is involved in the immune regulation of macrophages. We measured PTEN and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) before and after transfection SLs of dogs with CanL with mimic and inhibition of miR-21 and miR-148a. PTEN levels increased, NO and ROS decreased in SLs from dogs with CanL. Inhibition of miRNA-21 resulted in PTEN increase; in contrast, PTEN decreased after miR-148a inhibition. Nitrite (NO2) levels increased after transfection with miR-21 inhibitor but were decreased with miR-148a inhibitor. The increase in miR-21 promoted a reduction in ROS and NO levels, but miR-148a inhibition increased NO and reduced ROS. These findings suggest that miR-21 and miR-148a can participate in immune response in CanL, affecting PTEN, NO, and ROS levels.
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8
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Karami Fath M, Azami J, Masoudi A, Mosaddeghi Heris R, Rahmani E, Alavi F, Alagheband Bahrami A, Payandeh Z, Khalesi B, Dadkhah M, Pourzardosht N, Tarhriz V. Exosome-based strategies for diagnosis and therapy of glioma cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:262. [PMID: 35989351 PMCID: PMC9394011 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma belongs to the most aggressive type of cancer with a low survival rate that is characterized by the ability in forming a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Intercellular communication are created via exosomes in the tumor microenvironment through the transport of various biomolecules. They are primarily involved in tumor growth, differentiation, metastasis, and chemotherapy or radiation resistance. Recently several studies have highlighted the critical role of tumor-derived exosomes against immune cells. According to the structural and functional properties, exosomes could be essential instruments to gain a better molecular mechanism for tumor understanding. Additionally, they are qualified as diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic tools for specific targeting of invasive tumor cells such as glioblastomas. Due to the strong dependency of exosome features on the original cells and their developmental status, it is essential to review their critical modulating molecules, clinical relevance to glioma, and associated signaling pathways. This review is a non-clinical study, as the possible role of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in glioma cancer are reported. In addition, their content to overcome cancer resistance and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Azami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Alied Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Gupta S, Kumar M, Chaudhuri S, Kumar A. The non-canonical nuclear functions of key players of the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3181-3204. [PMID: 35616326 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-AKT-MTOR signal transduction pathway is one of the essential signalling cascades within the cell due to its involvement in many vital functions. The pathway initiates with the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3Ks) onto the plasma membrane, generating phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 ] and subsequently activating AKT. Being the central node of the PI3K network, AKT activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (MTORC1) via Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 inhibition in the cytoplasm. Although the cytoplasmic role of the pathway has been widely explored for decades, we now know that most of the effector molecules of the PI3K axis diverge from the canonical route and translocate to other cell organelles including the nucleus. The presence of phosphoinositides (PtdIns) inside the nucleus itself indicates the existence of a nuclear PI3K signalling. The nuclear localization of these signaling components is evident in regulating many nuclear processes like DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin architecture, and cell cycle control. Here, our review intends to present a comprehensive overview of the nuclear functions of the PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukund Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumi Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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10
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Misra S, Ghosh G, Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. Non-canonical function of nuclear PTEN and its implication on tumorigenesis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103197. [PMID: 34359000 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of genomic instability is the key to prevent tumor development. PTEN is a unique tumor suppressor protein having both lipid and protein phosphatase activities. Interestingly though it is a cytoplasmic protein, but a significant pool of PTEN can also be localized in nucleus. The function of cytoplasmic PTEN is well defined and extensively studied in various literatures focusing mainly on the negative regulation of oncogenic PI-3Kinase-AKT pathway but functional regulation of nuclear PTEN is less defined and therefore it is a fascinating subject of research in cancer biology. Post-translation modulation of PTEN such as phosphorylation, sumorylation, acetylation and methylation also regulates its cellular localization, protein-protein association and catalytic function. Loss or mutation in PTEN is associated with the development of tumors in various tissues from the brain to prostate. Here we have summarized the role of nuclear PTEN and its epigenetic modulation in various DNA metabolic pathways, for example, DNA damage response, DNA repair, DNA replication, DNA segregation etc. Further, pathways involved in nuclear PTEN degradation are also discussed. Additionally, we also emphasize probable potential targets associated with PTEN pathway for chemotherapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Misra
- PG Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, EB-2 Sector-1, Saltlake, Kolkata, India
| | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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11
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Igarashi A, Kato T, Sesaki H, Iijima M. Nuclear PTEN deficiency and heterozygous PTEN loss have distinct impacts on brain and lymph node size. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:81-88. [PMID: 33813280 PMCID: PMC8085137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Defects in PTEN, a critical tumor suppressor, are associated with tumorigenesis and aberrant organ sizes. It has been shown that heterozygous PTEN loss increases brains and neuron size, while the specific loss of nuclear PTEN has the opposite effect. Here, we investigate the impact of a combination of heterozygous PTEN loss and nuclear PTEN loss on the size of various organs, including the brain, liver, thymus, spleen, and inguinal lymph node. We found that the effect of the combination varies among organs. Notably, the combination of heterozygous PTEN loss and nuclear PTEN loss restored the normal size of brains and neurons. In contrast, the liver's size was unaffected by either single PTEN defects or their combination. Strikingly, the size of the inguinal lymph node was greatly increased due to lymphoma by the combination of the two PTEN defects. These data suggest that nuclear PTEN and non-nuclear PTEN function in an antagonistic manner in the brain while acting synergistically in the inguinal lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Igarashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Day EK, Zhong Q, Purow B, Lazzara MJ. Data-Driven Computational Modeling Identifies Determinants of Glioblastoma Response to SHP2 Inhibition. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2056-2070. [PMID: 33574084 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic protein tyrosine phosphatases have long been viewed as drug targets of interest, and recently developed allosteric inhibitors of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) have entered clinical trials. However, the ability of phosphatases to regulate many targets directly or indirectly and to both promote and antagonize oncogenic signaling may make the efficacy of phosphatase inhibition challenging to predict. Here we explore the consequences of antagonizing SHP2 in glioblastoma, a recalcitrant cancer where SHP2 has been proposed as a useful drug target. Measuring protein phosphorylation and expression in glioblastoma cells across 40 signaling pathway nodes in response to different drugs and for different oxygen tensions revealed that SHP2 antagonism has network-level, context-dependent signaling consequences that affect cell phenotypes (e.g., cell death) in unanticipated ways. To map specific signaling consequences of SHP2 antagonism to phenotypes of interest, a data-driven computational model was constructed based on the paired signaling and phenotype data. Model predictions aided in identifying three signaling processes with implications for treating glioblastoma with SHP2 inhibitors. These included PTEN-dependent DNA damage repair in response to SHP2 inhibition, AKT-mediated bypass resistance in response to chronic SHP2 inhibition, and SHP2 control of hypoxia-inducible factor expression through multiple MAPKs. Model-generated hypotheses were validated in multiple glioblastoma cell lines, in mouse tumor xenografts, and through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Collectively, these results suggest that in glioblastoma, SHP2 inhibitors antagonize some signaling processes more effectively than existing kinase inhibitors but can also limit the efficacy of other drugs when used in combination. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that allosteric SHP2 inhibitors have multivariate and context-dependent effects in glioblastoma that may make them useful components of some combination therapies, but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Day
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Zhong J, Kang Q, Cao Y, He B, Zhao P, Gou Y, Luo Y, He TC, Fan J. BMP4 augments the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under hypoxia and hypoglycemia conditions by promoting the glycolysis pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:793-811. [PMID: 33791154 PMCID: PMC7994163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide although its pathogenic mechanism remains to be fully understood. Unlike normal cells, most cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis and are more adaptable to the microenvironment of hypoxia and hypoglycemia. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) plays important roles in regulating proliferation, differentiation, invasion and migration of HCC cells. We have recently shown that BMP4 plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism although the effect of BMP4 on glucose metabolic reprogramming of HCC is poorly understood. In this study, we found that BMP4 was highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues, as well as HCC cell lines that were tolerant to hypoxia and hypoglycemia. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that BMP4 protected HCC cells from hypoxia and hypoglycemia by promoting glycolysis since BMP4 up-regulated glucose uptake, the lactic acid production, the ATP level, and the activities of rate limiting enzymes of glycolysis (including HK2, PFK and PK). Furthermore, we demonstrated that BMP4 up-regulated HK2, PFKFB3 and PKM2 through the canonical Smad signal pathway as SMAD5 directly bound to the promoter of PKM. Collectively, our findings shown that BMP4 may play an important role in regulating glycolysis of HCC cells under hypoxia and hypoglycemia condition, indicating that novel therapeutics may be developed to target BMP4-regulated glucose metabolic reprogramming in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Quan Kang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Youde Cao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Baicheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Piao Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Yannian Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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ATM Kinase Inhibition Preferentially Sensitises PTEN-Deficient Prostate Tumour Cells to Ionising Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010079. [PMID: 33396656 PMCID: PMC7794981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Despite the importance of radical radiotherapy for the management of this disease, recurrence remains a challenge. PTEN is a tumour suppressor that is frequently inactivated in advanced prostate cancer and has been associated with relapse following radiotherapy. The present study shows that the role of PTEN in response to ionizing radiation is complex. Furthermore, it demonstrates that in the absence of PTEN, an increased response to combined treatment using radiotherapy and the ATM inhibitor KU-60019 can be observed. Our findings provide a strong rationale for evaluating loss of PTEN in prostate cancer as a therapeutic target for ATM inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy in the clinical setting. Abstract Radical radiotherapy, often in combination with hormone ablation, is a safe and effective treatment option for localised or locally-advanced prostate cancer. However, up to 30% of patients with locally advanced PCa will go on to develop biochemical failure, within 5 years, following initial radiotherapy. Improving radiotherapy response is clinically important since patients exhibiting biochemical failure develop castrate-resistant metastatic disease for which there is no curative therapy and median survival is 8–18 months. The aim of this research was to determine if loss of PTEN (highly prevalent in advanced prostate cancer) is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Previous work has demonstrated PTEN-deficient cells are sensitised to inhibitors of ATM, a key regulator in the response to DSBs. Here, we have shown the role of PTEN in cellular response to IR was both complex and context-dependent. Secondly, we have confirmed ATM inhibition in PTEN-depleted cell models, enhances ionising radiation-induced cell killing with minimal toxicity to normal prostate RWPE-1 cells. Furthermore, combined treatment significantly inhibited PTEN-deficient tumour growth compared to PTEN-expressing counterparts, with minimal toxicity observed. We have further shown PTEN loss is accompanied by increased endogenous levels of ROS and DNA damage. Taken together, these findings provide pre-clinical data for future clinical evaluation of ATM inhibitors as a neoadjuvant/adjuvant in combination with radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients harbouring PTEN mutations.
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Nunes-Souza E, Silveira ME, Mendes MC, Nagashima S, de Paula CBV, da Silva GGVC, Barbosa GS, Martins JB, de Noronha L, Lenzi L, Barbosa JRS, Donin RDF, de Moura JF, Custódio G, Machado-Souza C, Lalli E, de Figueiredo BC. From adrenarche to aging of adrenal zona reticularis: precocious female adrenopause onset. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:1212-1220. [PMID: 33112833 PMCID: PMC7774755 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adaptive changes in DHEA and sulfated-DHEA (DHEAS) production from adrenal zona reticularis (ZR) have been observed in normal and pathological conditions. Here we used three different cohorts to assess timing differences in DHEAS blood level changes and characterize the relationship between early blood DHEAS reduction and cell number changes in women ZR. MATERIALS AND METHODS DHEAS plasma samples (n = 463) were analyzed in 166 healthy prepubertal girls before pubarche (<9 years) and 324 serum samples from 268 adult females (31.9-83.8 years) without conditions affecting steroidogenesis. Guided by DHEAS blood levels reduction rate, we selected the age range for ZR cell counting using DHEA/DHEAS and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), tumor suppressor and cell stress marker, immunostaining, and hematoxylin stained nuclei of 14 post-mortem adrenal glands. RESULTS We confirmed that overweight girls exhibited higher and earlier DHEAS levels and no difference was found compared with the average European and South American girls with a similar body mass index (BMI). Adrenopause onset threshold (AOT) defined as DHEAS blood levels <2040 nmol/L was identified in >35% of the females >40 years old and associated with significantly reduced ZR cell number (based on PTEN and hematoxylin signals). ZR cell loss may in part account for lower DHEA/DHEAS expression, but most cells remain alive with lower DHEA/DHEAS biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The timely relation between significant reduction of blood DHEAS levels and decreased ZR cell number at the beginning of the 40s suggests that adrenopause is an additional burden for a significant number of middle-aged women, and may become an emergent problem associated with further sex steroids reduction during the menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Nunes-Souza
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Mônica Evelise Silveira
- Laboratório Central de Análises Clínicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Castilho Mendes
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Guilherme Vieira Cavalcante da Silva
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Silva Barbosa
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Julia Belgrowicz Martins
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUC-PR, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luana Lenzi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Renato Sales Barbosa
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Danilow Fachin Donin
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Moura
- Pós Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Custódio
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Análises Clínicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cleber Machado-Souza
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Bonald Cavalcante de Figueiredo
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Água Verde, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Rebouças, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC) at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Agostinho Leão Jr., Glória, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to B C de Figueiredo:
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Fiuji H, Nassiri M. Gene expression profiling of chromosome 10 in PTEN-knockout (−/−) human neural and mesenchymal stem cells: A system biology study. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kato T, Yamada T, Nakamura H, Igarashi A, Anders RA, Sesaki H, Iijima M. The Loss of Nuclear PTEN Increases Tumorigenesis in a Preclinical Mouse Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. iScience 2020; 23:101548. [PMID: 33083717 PMCID: PMC7516300 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene is highly mutated in many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The PTEN protein is located at different subcellular regions-PTEN at the plasma membrane suppresses PI3-kinase signaling in cell growth, whereas PTEN in the nucleus maintains genome integrity. Here, using nuclear PTEN-deficient mice, we analyzed the role of PTEN in the nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma that is induced by carcinogen and oxidative stress-producing hepatotoxin. Upon oxidative stress, PTEN was accumulated in the nucleus of the liver, and this accumulation promoted repair of DNA damage in wild-type mice. In contrast, nuclear PTEN-deficient mice had increased DNA damage and accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma formation. Both basal and oxidative stress-induced localization of PTEN in the nucleus require ubiquitination of lysine 13 in PTEN. Taken together, these data suggest the critical role of nuclear PTEN in the protection from DNA damage and tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Igarashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A. Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author
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Kiptiyah K, Widodo W, Ciptadi G, Aulanni'Am A, Widodo MA, Sumitro SB. 10-gingerol induces oxidative stress through HTR1A in cumulus cells: in-vitro and in-silico studies. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0042/jcim-2019-0042.xml. [PMID: 32284444 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated whether 10-gingerol is able to induce oxidative stress in cumulus cells. Methods For the in-vitro research, we used a cumulus cell culture in M199, containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (0, 12, 16, and 20 µM), and detected oxidative stress through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, with incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The obtained results were confirmed by in-silico studies. Results The in-vitro data revealed that SOD activity and MDA concentration increased with increasing incubation periods: SOD activity at 0 µM (1.39 ± 0.24i), 12 µM (16.42 ± 0.35ab), 16 µM (17.28 ± 0.55ab), 20 µM (17.81 ± 0.12a), with a contribution of 71.1%. MDA concentration at 0 µM (17.82 ± 1.39 l), 12 µM (72.99 ± 0.31c), 16 µM (79.77 ± 4.19b), 20 µM (85.07 ± 2.57a), with a contribution of 73.1%. Based on this, the in-silico data uncovered that 10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1. Conclusions 10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells through enhancing SOD activity and MDA concentration by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiptiyah Kiptiyah
- Department of Biology, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia
| | - Widodo Widodo
- Department of Biology, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Ciptadi
- Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Mohammad A Widodo
- Biomedical Study Programme, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman B Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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Wang WC, Hou TC, Kuo CY, Lai YC. Hints from a Female Patient with Breast Cancer Who Later Presented with Cowden Syndrome. J Breast Cancer 2020; 23:430-437. [PMID: 32908792 PMCID: PMC7462819 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old woman presented with metachronous tumor development in bilateral breasts, thyroid, and endometrium. Additional signs and symptoms fulfilled the National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for Cowden syndrome. Immunohistochemistry showed loss of PTEN expression in all tumors. Single nucleotide variants, 647 germline variants (including one each in PTEN and MSH3), and 21 somatic mutations within exons were detected in all tumors after whole-exome sequencing. There were 0, 11, and 46 specific somatic mutations in bilateral breasts, thyroid, and endometrial cancers, respectively. Although PTEN mutation is key to the development of Cowden syndrome, DNA repair dysfunction might be the initial driver of mutations. Fewer mutations were required to induce initial bilateral breast carcinomas, with subsequent thyroid and endometrial carcinomas requiring more mutations for induction. When genetic screening is unavailable, breast cancer patients with clinical manifestations of Cowden syndrome must be carefully assessed for secondary malignancies, such as thyroid and endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Cheng Hou
- Department of Pathology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chein Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Tao Y, Liang B. PTEN mutation: A potential prognostic factor associated with immune infiltration in endometrial carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152943. [PMID: 32279917 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a genetic disease, normally accompanied by gene mutations or abnormal expression patterns. However, PTEN mutation and its prognostic value in EC remained debated. Meanwhile, the distribution of PTEN mutation, as well as its correlation with clinical characteristics and tumor immune infiltrating cells, is still poorly understood. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of PTEN mutation based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 525 uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) samples. We analyzed the frequency of PTEN mutation, distribution of PTEN mutation in different clinical characteristics, the prognostic value of PTEN mutation, and the correlation with tumor immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment. RESULTS PTEN mutation was detected in 65.5﹪of total EC samples. PTEN mutation was significantly associated with age, histological type, clinical stage, and grade. In addition, the patients with PTEN mutation showed a significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) time and disease free survival (DFS) time compared with EC patients without PTEN mutation in entire group, training group, and validation group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that PTEN mutation was an independent prognostic factor in DFS. Moreover, the percentages of Tregs (P = 0.014) and M1 macrophages (P = 0.013) were significantly different in PTEN mutation group and non-mutation group. CONCLUSION PTEN mutation was correlated with favorable prognosis in EC patients. In addition, PTEN mutation was found to be associated with immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment. Taken together, these findings suggested that PTEN could be regarded a potential predictive and therapeutic target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Bioinformatics of Department, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Bioinformatics of Department, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, China.
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Li Y, Chen Z. The oncogenic role of microRNA-500a in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1799-1805. [PMID: 32194673 PMCID: PMC7039136 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease, and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC. miR-500a is a novel miRNA, and although its function has been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma, the function of miR-500a in CRC remains unknown. In the present study, the function of miR-500a in CRC was investigated. The expression levels of miR-500a in cells and tissues were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was tested using MTT assay and migration was assessed using Transwell systems. The results revealed that there were higher levels of miR-500a in tumor tissue compared with in normal tissue. Inhibition of miR-500a suppressed cell growth and migration, whereas overexpression of miR-500a promoted cell growth and migration. Additionally, it was revealed that miR-500a may target the 3′-untranslated region of the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that miR-500a may serve an oncogenic role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- First Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Shangjin Nan Fu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 510117, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Chen M, Wen T, Horn HT, Chandrahas VK, Thapa N, Choi S, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. The nuclear phosphoinositide response to stress. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:268-289. [PMID: 31902273 PMCID: PMC7028212 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1711316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that nuclear phosphoinositides (PIs) serve as central signaling hubs that control a multitude of nuclear processes by regulating the activity of nuclear proteins. In response to cellular stressors, PIs accumulate in the nucleus and multiple PI isomers are synthesized by the actions of PI-metabolizing enzymes, kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases. By directly interacting with effector proteins, phosphoinositide signals transduce changes in cellular functions. Here we describe nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in multiple sub-nuclear compartments and summarize the literature that demonstrates roles for specific kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases in the orchestration of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in response to cellular stress. Additionally, we discuss the specific PI-protein complexes through which these lipids execute their functions by regulating the configuration, stability, and transcription activity of their effector proteins. Overall, our review provides a detailed landscape of the current understanding of the nuclear PI-protein interactome and its role in shaping the coordinated response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tianmu Wen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hudson T. Horn
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Narendra Thapa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Wu JC, Tsai HE, Hsiao YH, Wu JS, Wu CS, Tai MH. Topical MTII Therapy Suppresses Melanoma Through PTEN Upregulation and Cyclooxygenase II Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020681. [PMID: 31968661 PMCID: PMC7013727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanotan II (MTII), a synthetic analogue of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), has been applied for skin tanning in humans. However, the carcinogenic consequence of topical MTII has been equivocal. This study aims to delineate the anti-neoplastic efficacy and mechanism of MTII using the B16-F10 melanoma model in vitro and in vivo. It was found that, despite a lack of influence on proliferation, MTII potently inhibited the migration, invasion, and colony-forming capability of melanoma cells. Moreover, topical MTII application significantly attenuated the tumor progression in mice bearing established melanoma. Histological analysis revealed that MTII therapy induced apoptosis while inhibiting the proliferation and neovaluarization in melanoma tissues. By immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis, it was found that MTII dose-dependently increased the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein level while reducing PTEN phosphorylation, which resulted in the inhibition of AKT/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling. Consistently, MTII treatment inhibited cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in melanoma cells. Finally, studies of antibody neutralization suggest that the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) plays a critical role in MTII-induced PTEN upregulation and melanoma suppression. Together, these results indicate that MTII elicits PTEN upregulation via MC1R, thereby suppressing melanoma progression through downregulating COX-2/PGE2 signaling. Hence, topical MTII therapy may facilitate a novel therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ching Wu
- Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Ji-Syuan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Chieh-Shan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.W.); (M.-H.T.); Tel.: +886-7-3468080 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5252000 (ext. 5816) (M.-H.T.); Fax: +886-7-3468210 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5250197 (M.-H.T.)
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (H.-E.T.); (Y.-H.H.); (J.-S.W.)
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.W.); (M.-H.T.); Tel.: +886-7-3468080 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5252000 (ext. 5816) (M.-H.T.); Fax: +886-7-3468210 (C.-S.W.); +886-7-5250197 (M.-H.T.)
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Al-Attar R, Childers CL, Nguyen VC, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Differential protein phosphorylation is responsible for hypoxia-induced regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in naked mole rats. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110653. [PMID: 31926299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals known. They can reduce their metabolic rate (>85%) under severe hypoxia, remain moderately active and recover with no obvious signs of damage. Hence, NMRs are an excellent model for studying mammalian hypoxia tolerance. The current study characterized the involvement of posttranslational modifications in regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway that regulates protein synthesis, and the responses of key ribosomal proteins in order to assess tissue-specific responses to 4 h exposure to 7% O2 (compared to controls at 21% O2). Results showed a tissue-specific regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway via differential phosphorylation. Relative amounts of p-TSC(S939) in brain and of p-TSC(S939), p-Akt(473) and p-PTEN(S380) in liver increased under hypoxia, whereas levels of IGF1R(Y1135/1136) in liver decreased. In skeletal muscle, levels of p-Akt(S473) and p-PTEN(S380) decreased during hypoxia, whereas lungs showed an increase in p-mTOR(S2884) content but a decrease in p-RPS6(S235-236) under the same conditions. Analysis of the phosphorylation states of ribosomal proteins revealed increases in p-4E-BP1(T37/46) content in brain and lungs under hypoxia, as well as a rise in total 4E-BP1 protein level in liver. Phosphorylated eIF-4B(S422) content also increased in liver while levels of p-eIF-2α(S51), and eIF-4E(S209) decreased during hypoxia in liver. Overall, hypoxia altered the Akt/mTOR pathway, which correlated with a general decrease in activity of the ribosomal protein biosynthesis machinery in muscle, lung, and brain of NMRs. However, the increase in eIF-4B in liver suggests the potential promotion of cap-independent mRNA translation mechanism operating under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Attar
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vu C Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; uOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Canada
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25
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Multifaceted Regulation of PTEN Subcellular Distributions and Biological Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091247. [PMID: 31454965 PMCID: PMC6770588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently found to be inactivated in over 30% of human cancers. PTEN encodes a 54-kDa lipid phosphatase that serves as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway involved in the promotion of multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Although the PTEN protein plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, cumulative evidence has implicated it as a key signaling molecule in several other diseases as well, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. This finding suggests that diverse cell types, especially differentiated cells, express PTEN. At the cellular level, PTEN is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments and organelles. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic compartment, not the plasma membrane, is the predominant subcellular location of PTEN. More recently, the finding of a secreted 'long' isoform of PTEN and the presence of PTEN in the cell nucleus further revealed unexpected biological functions of this multifaceted molecule. At the regulatory level, PTEN activity, stability, and subcellular distribution are modulated by a fascinating array of post-translational modification events, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Dysregulation of these regulatory mechanisms has been observed in various human diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge gained in the last decade on how different functional domains of PTEN regulate its biological functions, with special emphasis on its subcellular distribution. This review also highlights the findings of published studies that have reported how mutational alterations in specific PTEN domains can lead to pathogenesis in humans.
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26
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Yu Y, Xiong Y, Ladeiras D, Yang Z, Ming XF. Myosin 1b Regulates Nuclear AKT Activation by Preventing Localization of PTEN in the Nucleus. iScience 2019; 19:39-53. [PMID: 31349190 PMCID: PMC6660601 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced AKT activation is dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase and opposed by tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Our previous study demonstrates that myosin 1b (MYO1B) mediates arginase-II-induced activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 that is regulated by AKT. However, the role of MYO1B in AKT activation is unknown. Here we show that silencing MYO1B in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) inhibits insulin-induced nuclear but not cytoplasmic AKT activation accompanied by elevated nuclear PTEN level. Co-immunoprecipitation, co-immunostaining, and proximity ligation assay show an interaction of MYO1B and PTEN resulting in reduced nuclear PTEN. Moreover, the elevated nuclear PTEN upon silencing MYO1B promotes apoptosis of MEFs and melanoma B16F10 cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that MYO1B, by interacting with PTEN, prevents nuclear localization of PTEN contributing to nuclear AKT activation and suppression of cell apoptosis. This may present a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment such as melanoma. MYO1B, by interacting with PTEN, prevents PTEN localization in the nucleus MYO1B prevents nuclear localization of PTEN depending on its motor activity This contributes to nuclear AKT activation and suppression of cell apoptosis Targeting MYO1B may represent a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Diogo Ladeiras
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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27
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Wang W, Liu Y, Sun M, Sai N, You L, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. Hepatocellular Toxicity of Paris Saponins I, II, VI and VII on Two Kinds of Hepatocytes-HL-7702 and HepaRG Cells, and the Underlying Mechanisms. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070690. [PMID: 31324003 PMCID: PMC6678998 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma paridis is a popularly-used Chinese medicine in clinics, based on the pharmacodynamic properties of its saponin components. The four main saponins in Rhizoma paridis are designated saponins I, II, VI, and VII. At present, much attention is focused on the anticancer effect of Rhizoma paridis which is manifested in its cytotoxicity to various cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatocellular toxicities of the four saponins in Rhizoma paridis and the relative intensities of their cytotoxic effects. It was found that the four saponins were cytotoxic to two types of hepatocytes-HL-7702 and HepaRG cells. The cytotoxicities of the four saponins to the two cell models were compared. One of the most cytotoxic saponins was Rhizoma paridis saponin I (PSI). This was used to determine the mechanism of hepatocellular toxicity. Results from MTT assays demonstrated that the four saponins induced apoptosis of the two hepatocyte models in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, fluorescent 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of HepaRG cells after saponin administration. Further, as the concentration increased, PSI-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from HepaRG cells increased gradually. In addition, PSI enhanced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocked the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle in HepaRG cells. A western blot indicated that PSI upregulated the protein expression levels of p53, p21, and Fas. Furthermore, the PSI-induced changes in the p53 protein increased the Bax/bcl-2 ratio, resulting in enhancement of the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and ultimately apoptosis. Increased Fas protein activated caspase-8, which led to the activation of caspase-3 and its downstream PARP protein, resulting in cell apoptosis. These results indicate that PSI induced apoptosis in HepaRG cells through activation of ROS and death receptor pathways. The results obtained in this study suggest that the hepatocellular toxicity of saponins in Rhizoma paridis should be considered during the clinical application of this drug. In addition, they provide a reference for future anti-cancer studies on Rhizoma paridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Na Sai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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28
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Turkez H, Nóbrega FRD, Ozdemir O, Bezerra Filho CDSM, Almeida RND, Tejera E, Perez-Castillo Y, Sousa DPD. NFBTA: A Potent Cytotoxic Agent against Glioblastoma. Molecules 2019; 24:E2411. [PMID: 31261921 PMCID: PMC6651752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Piplartine (PPL), also known as piperlongumine, is a biologically active alkaloid extracted from the Piper genus which has been found to have highly effective anticancer activity against several tumor cell lines. This study investigates in detail the antitumoral potential of a PPL analogue; (E)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) acrylamide (NFBTA). The anticancer potential of NFBTA on the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line (U87MG) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thia-zolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release analysis, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated. To detect cell apoptosis, fluorescent staining via flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining were performed. Oxidative alterations were assessed via colorimetric measurement methods. Alterations in expressions of key genes related to carcinogenesis were determined. Additionally, in terms of NFBTA cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic damage potential, the biosafety of this novel agent was evaluated in cultured human whole blood cells. Cell viability analyses revealed that NFBTA exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in cultured U87MG cells, with high selectivity and inhibitory activity in apoptotic processes, as well as potential for altering the principal molecular genetic responses in U87MG cell growth. Molecular docking studies strongly suggested a plausible anti-proliferative mechanism for NBFTA. The results of the experimental in vitro human glioblastoma model and computational approach revealed promising cytotoxic activity for NFBTA, helping to orient further studies evaluating its antitumor profile for safe and effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Flávio Rogério da Nóbrega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eduardo Tejera
- Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | | | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil.
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29
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Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Pallocca M, Falcone I, Fanciulli M, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. PTEN as a Prognostic/Predictive Biomarker in Cancer: An Unfulfilled Promise? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040435. [PMID: 30925702 PMCID: PMC6520939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying putative biomarkers of clinical outcomes in cancer is crucial for successful enrichment, and for the selection of patients who are the most likely to benefit from a specific therapeutic approach. Indeed, current research in personalized cancer therapy focuses on the possibility of identifying biomarkers that predict prognosis, sensitivity or resistance to therapies. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates several crucial cell functions such as proliferation, survival, genomic stability and cell motility through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Despite its undisputed role as a tumor suppressor, assessment of PTEN status in sporadic human tumors has yet to provide clinically robust prognostic, predictive or therapeutic information. This is possibly due to the exceptionally complex regulation of PTEN function, which involves genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational events. This review shows a brief summary of the regulation and function of PTEN and discusses its controversial aspects as a prognostic/predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
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30
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Jochner MCE, An J, Lättig-Tünnemann G, Kirchner M, Dagane A, Dittmar G, Dirnagl U, Eickholt BJ, Harms C. Unique properties of PTEN-L contribute to neuroprotection in response to ischemic-like stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3183. [PMID: 30816308 PMCID: PMC6395706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signalling might influence neuronal survival after brain ischemia. However, the influence of the less studied longer variant termed PTEN-L (or PTENα) has not been studied to date. Therefore, we examined the translational variant PTEN-L in the context of neuronal survival. We identified PTEN-L by proteomics in murine neuronal cultures and brain lysates and established a novel model to analyse PTEN or PTEN-L variants independently in vitro while avoiding overexpression. We found that PTEN-L, unlike PTEN, localises predominantly in the cytosol and translocates to the nucleus 10-20 minutes after glutamate stress. Genomic ablation of PTEN and PTEN-L increased neuronal susceptibility to oxygen-glucose deprivation. This effect was rescued by expression of either PTEN-L indicating that both PTEN isoforms might contribute to a neuroprotective response. However, in direct comparison, PTEN-L replaced neurons were protected against ischemic-like stress compared to neurons expressing PTEN. Neurons expressing strictly nuclear PTEN-L NLS showed increased vulnerability, indicating that nuclear PTEN-L alone is not sufficient in protecting against stress. We identified mutually exclusive binding partners of PTEN-L or PTEN in cytosolic or nuclear fractions, which were regulated after ischemic-like stress. GRB2-associated-binding protein 2, which is known to interact with phosphoinositol-3-kinase, was enriched specifically with PTEN-L in the cytosol in proximity to the plasma membrane and their interaction was lost after glutamate exposure. The present study revealed that PTEN and PTEN-L have distinct functions in response to stress and might be involved in different mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena C E Jochner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), QUEST-Centre for Transforming Biomedical Research, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Junfeng An
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gisela Lättig-Tünnemann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Proteomics Platform, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Proteomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Dagane
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Proteomics Platform, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Proteomics Platform, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Proteome and Genome Research Laboratory, Luxembourg institute of Health, 1a Rue Thomas Edison, 1224, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), QUEST-Centre for Transforming Biomedical Research, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta J Eickholt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), QUEST-Centre for Transforming Biomedical Research, 10178 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Effect of PTEN loss on metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2856-2866. [PMID: 30854061 PMCID: PMC6386093 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene PTEN is one of the most often deleted genes in human prostate cancer. Loss of PTEN is an important event in prostate carcinogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming induced by PTEN loss fuels malignant growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Targeted metabolomics analysis was used to investigate the effects of PTEN loss on intracellular metabolic pathways in prostate cancer cells. DU-145 cells were transfected with PTEN siRNAs (siRNA-1 and siRNA-2) for 48 h, and endogenous PTEN expression was monitored by western blotting. Changes in intracellular metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most intracellular metabolites involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis were increased in PTEN knockdown prostate cancer cells. In addition, most intracellular metabolites involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis, fatty acid beta oxidation and branched chain amino acid catabolism were also increased in PTEN knockdown prostate cancer cells. These results revealed that PTEN loss induced the metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells and promoted the malignant proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The present metabolomics analysis indicates that tumor suppressor gene PTEN mutation or deletion can induce metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer cells and tumorigenesis by altering the metabolic flux of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, fatty acid metabolism and branched chain amino acid catabolism pathways. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the contributors to PTEN-loss driven prostate cancer.
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32
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Malaney P, Palumbo E, Semidey-Hurtado J, Hardee J, Stanford K, Kathiriya JJ, Patel D, Tian Z, Allen-Gipson D, Davé V. PTEN Physically Interacts with and Regulates E2F1-mediated Transcription in Lung Cancer. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:947-962. [PMID: 29108454 PMCID: PMC6103743 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1388970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN phosphorylation at its C-terminal (C-tail) serine/threonine cluster negatively regulates its tumor suppressor function. However, the consequence of such inhibition and its downstream effects in driving lung cancer remain unexplored. Herein, we ascertain the molecular mechanisms by which phosphorylation compromises PTEN function, contributing to lung cancer. Replacement of the serine/threonine residues with alanine generated PTEN-4A, a phosphorylation-deficient PTEN mutant, which suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. PTEN-4A preferentially localized to the nucleus where it suppressed E2F1-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes. PTEN-4A physically interacted with the transcription factor E2F1 and associated with chromatin at gene promoters with E2F1 DNA-binding sites, a likely mechanism for its transcriptional suppression function. Deletion analysis revealed that the C2 domain of PTEN was indispensable for suppression of E2F1-mediated transcription. Further, we uncovered cancer-associated C2 domain mutant proteins that had lost their ability to suppress E2F1-mediated transcription, supporting the concept that these mutations are oncogenic in patients. Consistent with these findings, we observed increased PTEN phosphorylation and reduced nuclear PTEN levels in lung cancer patient samples establishing phosphorylation as a bona fide inactivation mechanism for PTEN in lung cancer. Thus, use of small molecule inhibitors that hinder PTEN phosphorylation is a plausible approach to activate PTEN function in the treatment of lung cancer. Abbreviations AKT V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene CA Cancer adjacent CDK1 Cyclin dependent kinase 1 CENPC-C Centromere Protein C ChIP Chromatin Immunoprecipitation co-IP Co-immunoprecipitation COSMIC Catalog of Somatic Mutations In Cancer CREB cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein C-tail Carboxy terminal tail E2F1 E2F Transcription Factor 1 ECIS Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor GSI Gamma Secretase Inhibitor HDAC1 Histone Deacetylase 1 HP1 Heterochromatin protein 1 KAP1/TRIM28 KRAB-Associated Protein 1/Tripartite Motif Containing 28 MAF1 Repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription MAF1 homolog MCM2 Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 miRNA micro RNA MTF1 Metal-Regulatory Transcription Factor 1 PARP Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase PD-1 Programmed Cell Death 1 PD-L1 Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 PI3K Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase PLK Polo-like Kinase pPTEN Phosphorylated PTEN PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on chromosome ten PTM Post Translational Modification Rad51 RAD51 Recombinase Rad52 RAD52 Recombinase RPA1 Replication protein A SILAC Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture SRF Serum Response Factor TKI Tyrosine Kinase inhbitors TMA Tissue Microarray TOP2A DNA Topoisomerase 2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Malaney
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Emily Palumbo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | | | - Jamaal Hardee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Deepal Patel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Zhi Tian
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Diane Allen-Gipson
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
- Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Clinical Significance of PTEN Deletion, Mutation, and Loss of PTEN Expression in De Novo Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Neoplasia 2018; 20:574-593. [PMID: 29734016 PMCID: PMC5994742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN loss has been associated with poorer prognosis in many solid tumors. However, such investigation in lymphomas is limited. In this study, PTEN cytoplasmic and nuclear expression, PTEN gene deletion, and PTEN mutations were evaluated in two independent cohorts of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Cytoplasmic PTEN expression was found in approximately 67% of total 747 DLBCL cases, more frequently in the activated B-cell–like subtype. Nuclear PTEN expression was less frequent and at lower levels, which significantly correlated with higher PTEN mRNA expression. Remarkably, loss of PTEN protein expression was associated with poorer survival only in DLBCL with AKT hyperactivation. In contrast, high PTEN expression was associated with Myc expression and poorer survival in cases without abnormal AKT activation. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms for loss of PTEN expression were investigated. PTEN deletions (mostly heterozygous) were detected in 11.3% of DLBCL, and showed opposite prognostic effects in patients with AKT hyperactivation and in MYC rearranged DLBCL patients. PTEN mutations, detected in 10.6% of patients, were associated with upregulation of genes involved in central nervous system function, metabolism, and AKT/mTOR signaling regulation. Loss of PTEN cytoplasmic expression was also associated with TP53 mutations, higher PTEN-targeting microRNA expression, and lower PD-L1 expression. Remarkably, low PTEN mRNA expression was associated with down-regulation of a group of genes involved in immune responses and B-cell development/differentiation, and poorer survival in DLBCL independent of AKT activation. Collectively, multi-levels of PTEN abnormalities and dysregulation may play important roles in PTEN expression and loss, and that loss of PTEN tumor-suppressor function contributes to the poor survival of DLBCL patients with AKT hyperactivation.
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Calcium and Nuclear Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041237. [PMID: 29671777 PMCID: PMC5979488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there have been a number of developments in the fields of calcium and nuclear signaling that point to new avenues for a more effective diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. An example is the discovery of new classes of molecules involved in calcium-regulated nuclear import and nuclear calcium signaling, from the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and myosin families. This review surveys the new state of the calcium and nuclear signaling fields with the aim of identifying the unifying themes that hold out promise in the context of the problems presented by prostate cancer. Genomic perturbations, kinase cascades, developmental pathways, and channels and transporters are covered, with an emphasis on nuclear transport and functions. Special attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer progression to the malignant forms and the unfavorable response to anti-androgen treatment. The survey leads to some new hypotheses that connect heretofore disparate results and may present a translational interest.
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Miyata S, Wang LY, Kitanaka S. 3EZ, 20Ac-ingenol induces cell-specific apoptosis in cyclin D1 over-expression through the activation of ATR and downregulation of p-Akt. Leuk Res 2017; 64:46-51. [PMID: 29179029 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples exhibit an activated PI3K/Akt pathway, which suggests a general role of Akt in the development of leukemia. We have previously used western blot analysis to show that the catalytic topoisomerase (topo) inhibitor, 3EZ, 20Ac-ingenol, induced DNA damage response (DDR), which activated ATR, downregulated p-Akt through upregulation of PTEN level, and led to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In this study, we used ATR or PTEN siRNA and observed that the specific cell arrest and apoptosis of BALL-1 cells in DDR caused by 3EZ, 20Ac-ingenol was dependant on activation of ATR and downregulation of nuclear p-Akt through upregulation of PTEN. Moreover, some B cell lymphomas among ALLs overexpress cyclin D1. The DDR induced during the S-phase with 3EZ, 20Ac-ingenol treatment was increased by the intra S-phase checkpoint response that was triggered by the loss of nuclear cyclin D1 regulation in BALL-1 cells overexpressing cyclin D1. Although topo 1 catalytic inhibitors induce a decatenation checkpoint and subsequent G2/M phase arrest, the decatenation checkpoint caused by 3EZ, 20Ac-ingenol induced apoptosis only in the BALL-1 cells that accumulated cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Arun RP, Sivanesan D, Vidyasekar P, Verma RS. PTEN/FOXO3/AKT pathway regulates cell death and mediates morphogenetic differentiation of Colorectal Cancer Cells under Simulated Microgravity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5952. [PMID: 28729699 PMCID: PMC5519599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity is a major physical factor determining the stress and strain around cells. Both in space experiments and ground simulation, change in gravity impacts the viability and function of various types of cells as well as in vivo conditions. Cancer cells have been shown to die under microgravity. This can be exploited for better understanding of the biology and identification of novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. Here, we described the effect of microgravity simulated using Rotational Cell Culture System-High Aspect Ratio Vessel (RCCS-HARV) on the viability and morphological changes of colorectal cancer cells. We observed DLD1, HCT116 and SW620 cells die through apoptosis under simulated microgravity (SM). Gene expression analysis on DLD1 cells showed upregulation of tumor suppressors PTEN and FOXO3; leading to AKT downregulation and further induction of apoptosis, through upregulation of CDK inhibitors CDKN2B, CDKN2D. SM induced cell clumps had elevated hypoxia and mitochondrial membrane potential that led to adaptive responses like morphogenetic changes, migration and deregulated autophagy, when shifted to normal culture conditions. This can be exploited to understand the three-dimensional (3D) biology of cancer in the aspect of stress response. This study highlights the regulation of cell function and viability under microgravity through PTEN/FOXO3/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pranap Arun
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Divya Sivanesan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Brandmaier A, Hou SQ, Shen WH. Cell Cycle Control by PTEN. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2265-2277. [PMID: 28602818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Continuous and error-free chromosome inheritance through the cell cycle is essential for genomic stability and tumor suppression. However, accumulation of aberrant genetic materials often causes the cell cycle to go awry, leading to malignant transformation. In response to genotoxic stress, cells employ diverse adaptive mechanisms to halt or exit the cell cycle temporarily or permanently. The intrinsic machinery of cycling, resting, and exiting shapes the cellular response to extrinsic stimuli, whereas prevalent disruption of the cell cycle machinery in tumor cells often confers resistance to anticancer therapy. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and a guardian of the genome that is frequently mutated or deleted in human cancer. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that PTEN deficiency disrupts the fundamental processes of genetic transmission. Cells lacking PTEN exhibit cell cycle deregulation and cell fate reprogramming. Here, we review the role of PTEN in regulating the key processes in and out of cell cycle to optimize genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brandmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sheng-Qi Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wen H Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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38
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Hamann BL, Blind RD. Nuclear phosphoinositide regulation of chromatin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:107-123. [PMID: 28256711 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has clear connections to a wide array of cellular processes, particularly in gene expression and in controlling the chromatin biology of cells. However, most of the work elucidating how phospholipid signaling pathways contribute to cellular physiology have studied cytoplasmic membranes, while relatively little attention has been paid to the role of phospholipid signaling in the nucleus. Recent work from several labs has shown that nuclear phospholipid signaling can have important roles that are specific to this cellular compartment. This review focuses on the nuclear phospholipid functions and the activities of phospholipid signaling enzymes that regulate metazoan chromatin and gene expression. In particular, we highlight the roles that nuclear phosphoinositides play in several nuclear-driven physiological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. Taken together, the recent discovery of several specifically nuclear phospholipid functions could have dramatic impact on our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that enable tight control of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree L Hamann
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Du Z, Dong C, Ren J. A study of the dynamics of PTEN proteins in living cells using in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 5:024008. [PMID: 28373603 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa6b07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) is one of the most important tumor-suppressor proteins, which plays a key role in negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and governs many cellular processes including growth, proliferation, survival and migration. The dynamics of PTEN proteins in single living cells is as yet unclear owing to a shortage of suitable in vivo approaches. Here, we report a single-molecule method for in vivo study of the dynamics of PTEN proteins in living cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). First, we established a monoclonal H1299 stable cell line expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and PTEN (EGFP-PTEN) fusion proteins; we then developed an in vivo FCS method to study the dynamics of EGFP-PTEN both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We investigated the diffusion behaviors of EGFP and EGFP-PTEN in solution, nucleus and cytosol, and observed that the motion of PTEN in living cells was restricted compared with EGFP. Finally, we investigated the protein dynamics in living cells under oxidative stress stimulation and a cellular ATP depletion treatment. Under oxidative stress stimulation, the EGFP-PTEN concentration increased in the nucleus, but slightly decreased in the cytoplasm. The diffusion coefficient and alpha value of EGFP-PTEN reduced significantly both in the nucleus and cytoplasm; the significantly decreased alpha parameter indicates a more restricted Brownian diffusion behavior. Under the cellular ATP depletion treatment, the concentration of EGFP-PTEN remained unchanged in the nucleus and decreased significantly in cytosol. The diffusion coefficient of EGFP-PTEN decreased significantly in cytosol, but showed no significant change in the nucleus; the alpha value decreased significantly in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. These results suggest that the concentration and mobility of PTEN in the nucleus and cytoplasm can be regulated by stimulation methods. Our approach provides a unique method for real-time monitoring of protein dynamics in different subcellular compartments under different stimulation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Xie Y, Xiao M, Li D, Liu H, Yun F, Wei Y, Sang S, Du G. Anti-diabetic effect of Alpinia oxyphylla extract on 57BL/KsJ db-/db- mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1321-1328. [PMID: 28413472 PMCID: PMC5377374 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may disrupt insulin signaling and result in insulin resistance. The Alpinia oxyphylla extract (AOE) possesses powerful antioxidant activity and may therefore inhibit the development of insulin resistance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of AOE on blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels in a type II diabetic nephropathy animal model (C57BIKsj db-/db-). All experiments were performed on male C57BL/Ks DB/DB and db-/db- mice that were left to acclimatize for 1 week prior to the experimental period. AOE was administered to these mice at different dosages (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that AOE did not affect mouse weight, while blood glucose concentrations were found to significantly decrease in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The effect of administering 500 mg/kg AOE (AOE500) to db-/db- mice was tested further. Treatment with AOE500 for 8 weeks led to improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma insulin concentrations (P<0.05), as well as a significant decrease in triglyceride concentrations (P<0.05) and levels of total cholesterol (P<0.05) in db-/db- mice. Furthermore, treatment with AOE500 decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde, elevated the concentration of glutathione and increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase (P<0.05) in the livers of db-/db- mice. Meanwhile, AOE-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced urine albumin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen excretion (P<0.05). In parallel, the upregulated expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the liver and kidneys of db-/db- mice was impaired following AOE500 treatment. The results of the present study suggest that AOE regulates blood glucose and lipid levels and improves renal function by mediating oxidative stress and PTEN expression at the onset of type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Xie
- Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Hongqin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Yun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Shenggang Sang
- Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Guankui Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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Establishment of a novel cellular model for myxofibrosarcoma heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44700. [PMID: 28304377 PMCID: PMC5356330 DOI: 10.1038/srep44700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers frequently display substantial intra-tumoural heterogeneity in virtually all distinguishable phenotypic features, such as cellular morphology, gene expression, and metastatic potential. In order to investigate tumour heterogeneity in myxofibrosarcoma, we established a novel myxofibrosarcoma cell line with two well defined sub-clones named MUG-Myx2a and MUG-Myx2b. The parental tumour tissue and both MUG-Myx2 cell lines showed the same STR profile. The fact that MUG-Myx2a showed higher proliferation activity, faster migration and enhanced tumourigenicity was of particular interest. NGS mutation analysis revealed corresponding mutations in the FGFR3, KIT, KDR and TP53 genes. In contrast, the MUG-Myx2a cell lines showed an additional PTEN mutation. Analysis of CNV uncovered a highly aberrant karyotype with frequent losses and gains in the tumour sample. The two MUG-Myx2 cell lines share several CNV features of the tumour tissue, while some CNVs are present only in the two cell lines. Furthermore, certain CNV gains and losses that are exclusive to either MUG-Myx2a or MUG-Myx2b, distinguish the two cell lines. As it is currently not possible to purchase two different sarcoma cell lines derived from the same patient, the novel myxofibrosarcoma cell lines MUG-Myx2a and MUG-Myx2b will be useful tools to study pathogenesis, tumour heterogeneity and treatment options.
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Contribution of classical end-joining to PTEN inactivation in p53-mediated glioblastoma formation and drug-resistant survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14013. [PMID: 28094268 PMCID: PMC5247582 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair gene defects are found in virtually all human glioblastomas, but the genetic evidence for a direct role remains lacking. Here we demonstrate that combined inactivation of the XRCC4 non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair gene and p53 efficiently induces brain tumours with hallmark characteristics of human proneural/classical glioblastoma. The murine tumours exhibit PTEN loss of function instigated by reduced PTEN mRNA, and increased phosphorylated inactivation and stability as a consequence of aberrantly elevated CK2 provoked by p53 ablation and irrevocably deregulated by NHEJ inactivation. This results in DNA damage-resistant cytoplasmic PTEN and CK2 expression, and the attenuation of DNA repair genes. CK2 inhibition restores PTEN nuclear distribution and DNA repair activities and impairs tumour but not normal cell survival. These observations demonstrate that NHEJ contributes to p53-mediated glioblastoma suppression, and reveal a crucial role for PTEN in the early DNA damage signalling cascade, the inhibition of which promotes tumorigenicity and drug-resistant survival. We know that defects in DNA repair genes are associated with cancer development. Here the authors eliminate XRCC4, a non-homologous end-joining protein, and p53 in the developing brain and find that this causes glioblastoma development as a consequence of reduced PTEN function.
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Vidimar V, Gius D, Chakravarti D, Bulun SE, Wei JJ, Kim JJ. Dysfunctional MnSOD leads to redox dysregulation and activation of prosurvival AKT signaling in uterine leiomyomas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601132. [PMID: 27847869 PMCID: PMC5099990 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AKT signaling promotes cell growth and survival and is often dysregulated via multiple mechanisms in different types of cancer, including uterine leiomyomas (ULMs). ULMs are highly prevalent fibrotic tumors that arise from the smooth muscular layer of the uterus, the myometrium (MM). ULMs pose a major public health issue because they can cause severe morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes. We investigate the mechanisms driving ULM growth and survival via aberrant activation of AKT. We demonstrate that an acetylation-mediated impairment of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity is prevalent in ULM cells compared to the normal-matched MM from the same patients. This impairment increases the levels of superoxide and oxidative stress, which activate AKT via oxidative inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Redox activation of AKT promotes ULM cell survival under conditions of moderate but persistent oxidative stress that are compatible with ULM's prooxidative microenvironment. Moreover, because of impaired MnSOD activity, ULM cells are sensitive to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide-generating compounds, resulting in decreased ULM cell viability. On the contrary, MM cells with functional MnSOD are more resistant to high levels of oxidants. This study demonstrates a causative role of acetylation-mediated MnSOD dysfunction in activating prosurvival AKT signaling in ULMs. The specific AKT and redox states of ULM cells provide a potential novel therapeutic rationale to selectively target ULM cells because of their defective ROS-scavenging system..
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Vidimar
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Debabrata Chakravarti
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Serdar E. Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - J. Julie Kim
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
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Akouchekian M, Hemati S, Jafari D, Jalilian N, Dehghan Manshadi M. Does PTEN gene mutation play any role in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2016; 30:378. [PMID: 27493922 PMCID: PMC4972054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is one of the most serious hereditary cancer syndromes with a high risk of malignancy in childhood. This syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposing syndrome due to a germline mutation in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. METHODS In this study, a representative family case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome is described. The proband of this family was a 43-year-old male who had osteosarcoma of the mandible and a positive family history of cancer. His mother died at the age of 29 of brain cancer; his sister died at the age of 18 of breast cancer; his brother died at the age of 36 of liver cancer; and another sister of his died at the age of 16 of leukemia. Complete sequence analysis of the TP53 and PTEN genes was performed in this family. We used standard diagnostic tools such as sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to analyze these two genes in this family. The exons and flanking exon-intron junctions of the TP53 and PTEN genes were sequenced. RESULTS We detected a germline mutation in the TP53 gene in this family that was previously reported as somatic mutation in LFS in the catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer (COSMIC). In addition, according to the International Agency for Research of Cancer (IARC) database, a 19-year-old male patient with sarcoma was recently reported to have this germline mutation. We also found two new IVS variations in the PTEN gene, one of which can be a suggestive evidence of an effect on the splicing of PTEN. CONCLUSION Genomic modifications for tumor risk and genotype-phenotype correlations in LFS are still to be identified. We believe every new finding in this area can provide new insights into the pathogenesis and progression of Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Akouchekian
- 1 PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,(Corresponding author) PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Simin Hemati
- 2 MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Davood Jafari
- 3 MSc, PhD student, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Jalilian
- 4 PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang C, Jia X, Bao J, Chen S, Wang K, Zhang Y, Li P, Wan JB, Su H, Wang Y, Mei Z, He C. Polyphyllin VII induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPK pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:58. [PMID: 26861252 PMCID: PMC4746894 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Paris polyphylla is an oriental folk medicine that has anticancer activities both in vivo and in vitro. Polyphyllin VII (PP7), a pennogenyl saponin from P. polyphylla has been found to exert strong anticancer activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the anticancer effect of polyphyllin VII against human liver cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms were investigated. Methods Cellular viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential levels were evaluated using the InCell 2000 confocal microscope. The expression levels of apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Results PP7 strongly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, PP7 up-regulated the levels of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome c, the cleaved forms of caspases-3, -8, -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that PP7 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, PP7 provoked the production of intracellular ROS and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further analysis showed that PP7 significantly augmented the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38, the major components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and the expressions of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and PTEN. In addition, PP7-induced apoptosis was remarkably attenuated by MAPK inhibitors and ROS inhibitor. Conclusions These results demonstrated that PP7 induced apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by promoting the generation of mitochondrial-mediated ROS and activating MAPK and PTEN/p53 pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1036-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chen JH, Zhang P, Chen WD, Li DD, Wu XQ, Deng R, Jiao L, Li X, Ji J, Feng GK, Zeng YX, Jiang JW, Zhu XF. ATM-mediated PTEN phosphorylation promotes PTEN nuclear translocation and autophagy in response to DNA-damaging agents in cancer cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:239-52. [PMID: 25701194 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in human cancer, has various cytoplasmic and nuclear functions. PTEN translocates to the nucleus from the cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress. However, the mechanism and function of the translocation are not completely understood. In this study, topotecan (TPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed to induce DNA damage. The results indicate that TPT or CDDP activates ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase), which phosphorylates PTEN at serine 113 and further regulates PTEN nuclear translocation in A549 and HeLa cells. After nuclear translocation, PTEN induces autophagy, in association with the activation of the p-JUN-SESN2/AMPK pathway, in response to TPT. These results identify PTEN phosphorylation by ATM as essential for PTEN nuclear translocation and the subsequent induction of autophagy in response to DNA damage.
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Key Words
- AKT/PKB, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog
- AMPK, protein kinase, AMP-activated
- ATG, autophagy-related
- ATM
- ATM, ATM serine/threonine kinase
- Baf.A1, bafilomycin A1
- CASP3, caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CENPC/CENP-C, centromere protein C
- CITED1/p300/CBP, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich C-terminal domain, 1
- CSNK2/CK2, casein kinase 2
- DNA damage
- DSBs, DNA double-strand breaks
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GLTSCR2/PICT-1, glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2A histone family
- H2AFX
- JUN
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
- MVP, major vault protein
- NC, normal control
- NEDD4, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PPase, protein phosphatase
- PTEN
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PtdIns(3, 4, 5)P3, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate
- RAD51, RAD51 recombinase
- RPS6KB/p70S6K
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SESN2, sestrin 2
- SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TPT, topotecan
- TUBA4A, tubulin, α, 4a
- WT, wild type
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
- autophagy
- jun proto-oncogene
- member X
- ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- topotecan
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
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Hu Y, An Y, Fang N, Li Y, Jin H, Nazarali A, Ji S. The Optimization of Soluble PTEN Expression in Escherichia coli. Open Biochem J 2015; 9:42-8. [PMID: 26464590 PMCID: PMC4598374 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01509010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a vital tumor suppressor, PTEN (Phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is involved
in inherited syndromes, and is among the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor gene in sporadic cancers. PTEN
loss-of-function widely occurs in human cancers via a variety of mechanisms, including genetic alterations and posttranslational
modification. These suggest PTEN has a role of functional importance in a variety of cancers. In the present
study, we constructed a prokaryotic expression vector that efficiently expresses GST-PTEN (the target protein in which
PTEN is fused with glutathione S-transferase tag) in E. coli. We found that the target protein was partially soluble although
major portions of the protein remained in the inclusion bodies. Furthermore, we explored the optimal induction
temperature, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration and induction time in a series of experiments.
Expression level analysis indicated that PTEN reached its peak level at 36○C for 8 h with 1.5625mM IPTG, while solubility
analysis revealed the optimal induction temperature was at 20○C, the optimal IPTG concentration was 0.1µM and the
optimal induction time was up to 8 h. Taken together, we provide an optimal induction condition for expressing soluble
fusion protein of PTEN in E. coli, facilitating further analysis of PTEN’s biological function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, China
| | - Adil Nazarali
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, China
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Gil A, Rodríguez-Escudero I, Stumpf M, Molina M, Cid VJ, Pulido R. A functional dissection of PTEN N-terminus: implications in PTEN subcellular targeting and tumor suppressor activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119287. [PMID: 25875300 PMCID: PMC4398541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN is exerted through alternative plasma membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear subcellular locations. The N-terminal region of PTEN is important for the control of PTEN subcellular localization and function. It contains both an active nuclear localization signal (NLS) and an overlapping PIP2-binding motif (PBM) involved in plasma membrane targeting. We report a comprehensive mutational and functional analysis of the PTEN N-terminus, including a panel of tumor-related mutations at this region. Nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning in mammalian cells and PIP3 phosphatase assays in reconstituted S. cerevisiae defined categories of PTEN N-terminal mutations with distinct PIP3 phosphatase and nuclear accumulation properties. Noticeably, most tumor-related mutations that lost PIP3 phosphatase activity also displayed impaired nuclear localization. Cell proliferation and soft-agar colony formation analysis in mammalian cells of mutations with distinctive nuclear accumulation and catalytic activity patterns suggested a contribution of both properties to PTEN tumor suppressor activity. Our functional dissection of the PTEN N-terminus provides the basis for a systematic analysis of tumor-related and experimentally engineered PTEN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gil
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Escudero
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Stumpf
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - María Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor J Cid
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Low LH, Chow YL, Li Y, Goh CP, Putz U, Silke J, Ouchi T, Howitt J, Tan SS. Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) is required for ubiquitination and nuclear trafficking of BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1 (BRAT1) during the DNA damage response. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7141-50. [PMID: 25631046 PMCID: PMC4358134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.613687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During injury, cells are vulnerable to apoptosis from a variety of stress conditions including DNA damage causing double-stranded breaks. Without repair, these breaks lead to aberrations in DNA replication and transcription, leading to apoptosis. A major response to DNA damage is provided by the protein kinase ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) that is capable of commanding a plethora of signaling networks for DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and even apoptosis. A key element in the DNA damage response is the mobilization of activating proteins into the cell nucleus to repair damaged DNA. BRAT1 is one of these proteins, and it functions as an activator of ATM by maintaining its phosphorylated status while also keeping other phosphatases at bay. However, it is unknown how BRAT1 is trafficked into the cell nucleus to maintain ATM phosphorylation. Here we demonstrate that Ndfip1-mediated ubiquitination of BRAT1 leads to BRAT1 trafficking into the cell nucleus. Without Ndfip1, BRAT1 failed to translocate to the nucleus. Under genotoxic stress, cells showed increased expression of both Ndfip1 and phosphorylated ATM. Following brain injury, neurons show increased expression of Ndfip1 and nuclear translocation of BRAT1. These results point to Ndfip1 as a sensor protein during cell injury and Ndfip1 up-regulation as a cue for BRAT1 ubiquitination by Nedd4 E3 ligases, followed by nuclear translocation of BRAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ley-Hian Low
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuh-Lit Chow
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Yijia Li
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Choo-Peng Goh
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Ulrich Putz
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - John Silke
- the Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia, and
| | - Toru Ouchi
- the Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Jason Howitt
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia,
| | - Seong-Seng Tan
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia,
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50
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Neildez-Nguyen TMA, Bigot J, Da Rocha S, Corre G, Boisgerault F, Paldi A, Galy A. Hypoxic culture conditions enhance the generation of regulatory T cells. Immunology 2015; 144:431-443. [PMID: 25243909 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of large amounts of induced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (iTreg) cells is of great interest for several immunotherapy applications, therefore a better understanding of signals controlling iTreg cell differentiation and expansion is required. There is evidence that oxidative metabolism may regulate several key signalling pathways in T cells. This prompted us to investigate the effects of oxygenation on iTreg cell generation by comparing the effects of atmospheric (21%) or of low (5%) O2 concentrations on the phenotype of bead-stimulated murine splenic CD4+ T cells from Foxp3-KI-GFP T-cell receptor transgenic mice. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was shown to play a major role in the generation of iTreg cells, a process characterized by increased levels of Sirt1, PTEN and Glut1 on the committed cells, independently of the level of oxygenation. The suppressive function of iTreg cells generated either in atmospheric or low oxygen levels was equivalent. However, greater yields of iTreg cells were obtained under low oxygenation, resulting from a higher proliferative rate of the committed Treg cells and higher levels of Foxp3, suggesting a better stability of the differentiation process. Higher expression of Glut1 detected on iTreg cells generated under hypoxic culture conditions provides a likely explanation for the enhanced proliferation of these cells as compared to those cultured under ambient oxygen. Such results have important implications for understanding Treg cell homeostasis and developing in vitro protocols for the generation of Treg cells from naive T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Anh Neildez-Nguyen
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Jérémy Bigot
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Sylvie Da Rocha
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Guillaume Corre
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Florence Boisgerault
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Andràs Paldi
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
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