1
|
Müller MR, Burmeister A, Skowron MA, Stephan A, Söhngen C, Wollnitzke P, Petzsch P, Alves Avelar LA, Kurz T, Köhrer K, Levkau B, Nettersheim D. Characterization of the dehydrogenase-reductase DHRS2 and its involvement in histone deacetylase inhibition in urological malignancies. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114055. [PMID: 38704080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being implicated during tumor migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and proliferation, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/-phosphate (NADP)-dependent dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2) has been considered to be induced upon inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACi). In this study, we evaluated the current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of the (epi)genetic regulation of DHRS2, as well as its function during tumor progression. METHODS DHRS2 expression was evaluated on mRNA- and protein-level upon treatment with HDACi by means of qRT-PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. Re-analysis of RNA-sequencing data gained insight into expression of specific DHRS2 isoforms, while re-analysis of ATAC-sequencing data shed light on the chromatin accessibility at the DHRS2 locus. Further examination of the energy and lipid metabolism of HDACi-treated urologic tumor cells was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Enhanced DHRS2 expression levels upon HDACi treatment were directly linked to an enhanced chromatin accessibility at the DHRS2 locus. Particularly the DHRS2 ENST00000250383.11 protein-coding isoform was increased upon HDACi treatment. Application of the HDACi quisinostat only mildly influenced the energy metabolism of urologic tumor cells, though, the analysis of the lipid metabolism showed diminished sphingosine levels, as well as decreased S1P levels. Also the ratios of S1P/sphingosine and S1P/ceramides were reduced in all four quisinostat-treated urologic tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS With the emphasis on urologic malignancies (testicular germ cell tumors, urothelial, prostate, and renal cell carcinoma), this study concluded that elevated DHRS2 levels are indicative of a successful HDACi treatment and, thereby offering a novel putative predictive biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Müller
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aaron Burmeister
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexa Stephan
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Söhngen
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Wollnitzke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Leandro A Alves Avelar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gregorczyk P, Porębska N, Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Gędaj A, Malinowska A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M, Opaliński Ł. N-glycosylation acts as a switch for FGFR1 trafficking between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:177. [PMID: 37480072 PMCID: PMC10362638 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a heavily N-glycosylated cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase that transmits signals across the plasma membrane, in response to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Balanced FGF/FGFR1 signaling is crucial for the development and homeostasis of the human body, and aberrant FGFR1 is frequently observed in various cancers. In addition to its predominant localization to the plasma membrane, FGFR1 has also been detected inside cells, mainly in the nuclear lumen, where it modulates gene expression. However, the exact mechanism of FGFR1 nuclear transport is still unknown. In this study, we generated a glycosylation-free mutant of FGFR1, FGFR1.GF, and demonstrated that it is localized primarily to the nuclear envelope. We show that reintroducing N-glycans into the D3 domain cannot redirect FGFR1 to the plasma membrane or exclude the receptor from the nuclear envelope. Reestablishment of D2 domain N-glycans largely inhibits FGFR1 accumulation in the nuclear envelope, but the receptor continues to accumulate inside the cell, mainly in the ER. Only the simultaneous presence of N-glycans of the D2 and D3 domains of FGFR1 promotes efficient transport of FGFR1 to the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that while disturbed FGFR1 folding results in partial FGFR1 accumulation in the ER, impaired FGFR1 secretion drives FGFR1 trafficking to the nuclear envelope. Intracellular FGFR1.GF displays a high level of autoactivation, suggesting the presence of nuclear FGFR1 signaling, which is independent of FGF. Using mass spectrometry and proximity ligation assay, we identified novel binding partners of the nuclear envelope-localized FGFR1, providing insights into its cellular functions. Collectively, our data define N-glycosylation of FGFR1 as an important regulator of FGFR1 kinase activity and, most importantly, as a switchable signal for FGFR1 trafficking between the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane, which, due to spatial restrictions, shapes FGFR1 interactome and cellular function. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gregorczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gędaj
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Ling L, Li C, Hu T, Zhou C, Chen J, Wang Y, Hu L. STAMBPL1 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting DHRS2 expression. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101728. [PMID: 37393834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths in the world. We found a significant increase of STAMBPL1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and cells. However, its mechanism has not been clarified. METHODS LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 62 patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from August 2018 to August 2021. In vivo, the clinical data and STAMBPL1 expression of 62 patients with LUAD were analyzed by qPCR. In vitro, cell experiments were carried out after STAMBPL1 knockdown in A549 and H1299 cells to determine cell growth, migration rate, evasiveness, colony-forming ability, and apoptosis. Gene sequencing was used to explore the expression of various genes in A549 and H1299 cells to verify that DHRS2 was up-regulated after STAMBPL1 knockdown; cell experiments further detected the role of the DHRS2 gene after DHRS2 overexpression in A549 and H1299 cells. A rescue experiment was conducted to certify that STAMBPL1 promotes NSCLC progression by regulating DHRS2 expression. RESULTS After STAMBPL1 knockdown by siRNA. Migration, invasion, colony formation, and proliferation of siRNA groups were suppressed than those of NC groups in A549 and H1299 cells, while the cell apoptosis rate of siRNA groups increased significantly. By using gene-sequence analysis, we found that the expression level of the DHRS2 gene was up-regulated in STAMBPL1 siRNA groups, compared with STAMBPL1 NC (negative control) groups in A549 and H1299, which was verified by qPCR and WB. Further experiments showed that the DHRS2 OE group was suppressed in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the A549 and H1299 cell lines compared to the DHRS2 NC group, while DHRS2 OE group was significantly enhanced in the cell apoptosis in the A549 and H1299 cell lines. According to the rescue experiment, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of the STAMBPL1 SI+DHRS2 SI group were enhanced compared with the STAMBPL1 SI+DHRS2 NC group in A549 and H1299 cells, while the STAMBPL1 SI+DHRS2 OE group were further decreased. CONCLUSIONS The expression of STAMBPL1 mRNA is significantly up-regulated in LUAD, promoting the progression of LUAD by down-regulating the expression of DHRS2 and acting as a potential biomarker of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Liqun Ling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Tianqi Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chenkang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Zhao F, Yang H, Wen J, Tang Y, Wan F, Zhang X, Wu J. Gentian violet induces apoptosis and ferroptosis via modulating p53 and MDM2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3357-3372. [PMID: 35968343 PMCID: PMC9360217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancies with limited curative options and poor prognosis. Gentian violet (GV) has recently been found to have anti-tumor properties with promising clinical applications. However, its anti-tumor effect and the underlying functional mechanisms in HCC have not been investigated. In this study, we found that GV induced ferroptosis and apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, and significantly attenuated the growth of HCC in vivo. Both ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostain-1 (Fer-1) and apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-KFM (Z-VAD) partially attenuated GV-induced growth-inhibitory effects, while combined treatment of Fer-1 and Z-VAD completely abolished GV's activities. Increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected after GV treatment. Interestingly, GV elevated the expression levels of both p53 and its negative regulator MDM2, which was dependent on the expression of the dehydrogenase/reductase protein Hep27. Simultaneously silencing both the MDM2 and p53 genes by siRNAs abolished ROS production and partially rescued the cell death induced by GV treatment. Our data demonstrate a GV-Hep27-MDM2-p53 signaling cascade that regulates ferroptosis and apoptosis. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into understanding the anti-tumor function of GV and present the basis of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fangxin Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianxun Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ying Tang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fang Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smalley JP, Baker IM, Pytel WA, Lin LY, Bowman KJ, Schwabe JWR, Cowley SM, Hodgkinson JT. Optimization of Class I Histone Deacetylase PROTACs Reveals that HDAC1/2 Degradation is Critical to Induce Apoptosis and Cell Arrest in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5642-5659. [PMID: 35293758 PMCID: PMC9014412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes 1, 2, and 3 organize chromatin as the catalytic subunits within seven distinct multiprotein corepressor complexes and are established drug targets. We report optimization studies of benzamide-based Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3-ligase proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and for the first time describe transcriptome perturbations resulting from these degraders. By modifying the linker and VHL ligand, we identified PROTACs 7, 9, and 22 with submicromolar DC50 values for HDAC1 and/or HDAC3 in HCT116 cells. A hook effect was observed for HDAC3 that could be negated by modifying the position of attachment of the VHL ligand to the linker. The more potent HDAC1/2 degraders correlated with greater total differentially expressed genes and enhanced apoptosis in HCT116 cells. We demonstrate that HDAC1/2 degradation by PROTACs correlates with enhanced global gene expression and apoptosis, important for the development of more efficacious HDAC therapeutics with reduced side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Smalley
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - India M Baker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Wiktoria A Pytel
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Li-Ying Lin
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Karen J Bowman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Shaun M Cowley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - James T Hodgkinson
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
DHRS2 is a potential marker of breast cancer metastasis. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Baskaran Y, Tay FPL, Ng EYW, Swa CLF, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Manser E. Proximity proteomics identifies PAK4 as a component of Afadin-Nectin junctions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5315. [PMID: 34493720 PMCID: PMC8423818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PAK4 is an ubiquitously expressed p21-activated kinase which acts downstream of Cdc42. Since PAK4 is enriched in cell-cell junctions, we probed the local protein environment around the kinase with a view to understanding its location and substrates. We report that U2OS cells expressing PAK4-BirA-GFP identify a subset of 27 PAK4-proximal proteins that are primarily cell-cell junction components. Afadin/AF6 showed the highest relative biotin labelling and links to the nectin family of homophilic junctional proteins. Reciprocally >50% of the PAK4-proximal proteins were identified by Afadin BioID. Co-precipitation experiments failed to identify junctional proteins, emphasizing the advantage of the BioID method. Mechanistically PAK4 depended on Afadin for its junctional localization, which is similar to the situation in Drosophila. A highly ranked PAK4-proximal protein LZTS2 was immuno-localized with Afadin at cell-cell junctions. Though PAK4 and Cdc42 are junctional, BioID analysis did not yield conventional cadherins, indicating their spatial segregation. To identify cellular PAK4 substrates we then assessed rapid changes (12') in phospho-proteome after treatment with two PAK inhibitors. Among the PAK4-proximal junctional proteins seventeen PAK4 sites were identified. We anticipate mammalian group II PAKs are selective for the Afadin/nectin sub-compartment, with a demonstrably distinct localization from tight and cadherin junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohendran Baskaran
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- FB Laboratory, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elsa Yuen Wai Ng
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Lee Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular Biology of the WWOX Gene That Spans Chromosomal Fragile Site FRA16D. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071637. [PMID: 34210081 PMCID: PMC8305172 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now more than 20 years since the FRA16D common chromosomal fragile site was characterised and the WWOX gene spanning this site was identified. In this time, much information has been discovered about its contribution to disease; however, the normal biological role of WWOX is not yet clear. Experiments leading to the identification of the WWOX gene are recounted, revealing enigmatic relationships between the fragile site, its gene and the encoded protein. We also highlight research mainly using the genetically tractable model organism Drosophila melanogaster that has shed light on the integral role of WWOX in metabolism. In addition to this role, there are some particularly outstanding questions that remain regarding WWOX, its gene and its chromosomal location. This review, therefore, also aims to highlight two unanswered questions. Firstly, what is the biological relationship between the WWOX gene and the FRA16D common chromosomal fragile site that is located within one of its very large introns? Secondly, what is the actual substrate and product of the WWOX enzyme activity? It is likely that understanding the normal role of WWOX and its relationship to chromosomal fragility are necessary in order to understand how the perturbation of these normal roles results in disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sırma Ekmekci S, Emrence Z, Abacı N, Sarıman M, Salman B, Ekmekci CG, Güleç Ç. LEF1 Induces DHRS2 Gene Expression in Human Acute Leukemia Jurkat T-Cells. Turk J Haematol 2020; 37:226-233. [PMID: 32586085 PMCID: PMC7702649 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic changes that affect the development of T-cells. The precise role of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) in T-ALL has been controversial since both overexpression and inactivating LEF1 mutations have been reported to date. Here, we investigate the potential gene targets of LEF1 in the Jurkat human T-cell leukemia cell line. Materials and Methods We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to knock down LEF1 in Jurkat cells and then compared the gene expression levels in the LEF1 knockdown cells with non-targeting siRNA-transfected and non-transfected cells by employing microarray analysis. Results We identified DHRS2, a tumor suppressor gene, as the most significantly downregulated gene in LEF1 knockdown cells, and we further confirmed its downregulation by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in mRNA and at protein level by western blotting. Conclusion Our results revealed that DHRS2 is positively regulated by LEF1 in Jurkat cells, which indicates the capability of LEF1 as a tumor suppressor and, together with previous reports, suggests that LEF1 exhibits a regulatory role in T-ALL via not only its oncogenic targets but also tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema Sırma Ekmekci
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Emrence
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Abacı
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Sarıman
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Salman
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gökhan Ekmekci
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Güleç
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Srinivasachar Badarinarayan S, Shcherbakova I, Langer S, Koepke L, Preising A, Hotter D, Kirchhoff F, Sparrer KMJ, Schotta G, Sauter D. HIV-1 infection activates endogenous retroviral promoters regulating antiviral gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10890-10908. [PMID: 33021676 PMCID: PMC7641743 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are known to harbor cis-regulatory elements, their role in modulating cellular immune responses remains poorly understood. Using an RNA-seq approach, we show that several members of the ERV9 lineage, particularly LTR12C elements, are activated upon HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells. Intriguingly, HIV-1-induced ERVs harboring transcription start sites are primarily found in the vicinity of immunity genes. For example, HIV-1 infection activates LTR12C elements upstream of the interferon-inducible genes GBP2 and GBP5 that encode for broad-spectrum antiviral factors. Reporter assays demonstrated that these LTR12C elements drive gene expression in primary CD4+ T cells. In line with this, HIV-1 infection triggered the expression of a unique GBP2 transcript variant by activating a cryptic transcription start site within LTR12C. Furthermore, stimulation with HIV-1-induced cytokines increased GBP2 and GBP5 expression in human cells, but not in macaque cells that naturally lack the GBP5 gene and the LTR12C element upstream of GBP2. Finally, our findings suggest that GBP2 and GBP5 have already been active against ancient viral pathogens as they suppress the maturation of the extinct retrovirus HERV-K (HML-2). In summary, our findings uncover how human cells can exploit remnants of once-infectious retroviruses to regulate antiviral gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Shcherbakova
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Simon Langer
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Andrea Preising
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Dominik Hotter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Schotta
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan X, Sun Y, Cheng Q, Hu K, Ye J, Zhao Y, Wu J, Shao X, Fang L, Ding Y, Sun X, Shi X, Xue B. Proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins between subjects with metabolic healthy obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Proteomics 2020; 221:103683. [PMID: 32058041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obese subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and considered metabolically healthy have not been well differentiated. In this study, obese subjects were divided into metabolic healthy obesity (MHO) and NAFLD groups. Liver tissues were sampled from these two types of subjects undergoing bariatric surgery, and proteins in the liver tissues that expressed differently between the two groups of subjects were identified by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) assay. Compared with the MHO group, 132 proteins were found to be upregulated and 84 proteins were found to be downregulated (mainly localized in mitochondria) in NAFLD group. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that significantly upregulated metabolic pathways include PPAR signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and oxidative phosphorylation was significantly downregulated. The GO analysis revealed that upregulated proteins were involved in extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization and downregulated proteins took part in the oxidation-reduction process and so on. FBLN5 and DHRS2 were further validated by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. All results demonstrate that FBLN5 expression was significantly upregulated but DHRS2 was significantly downregulated. SIGNIFICANCE: The variation between MHO and NAFLD was studied by mass spectroscopy to evaluate the mechanism with which MHO subjects resist the harmful effects induced by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinjuan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yitao Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han Y, Wang Z, Sun S, Zhang Z, Liu J, Jin X, Wu P, Ji T, Ding W, Wang B, Gao Q. Decreased DHRS2 expression is associated with HDACi resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Epigenetics 2019; 15:122-133. [PMID: 31423895 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1656155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been linked to a variety of cancers, and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are a promising class of drugs that have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. However, we have little knowledge regarding the selection and application of HDAC inhibitors to the personalized treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). Here, we report a correlation between the high expression of HDACs and poor outcomes in OC patients, which reveals that HDACi are a class of agents that show great promise for the treatment of OC. Furthermore, we found that HDACi increased both the mRNA and protein levels of DHRS2, which has been shown to be closely linked to HDACi sensitivity when it is highly expressed, especially in ovarian cancer cells. Consistently, we found that suppression of DHRS2 reduced the sensitivity of OC cells to HDAC inhibitors via attenuation of the inhibitory effects of HDAC inhibitors on Mcl-1 in vitro. Our study demonstrated that DHRS2 expression was decreased in OC tissues and that high expression of DHRS2 was correlated with better outcomes in OC patients. In addition, DHRS2 expression was closely related to the effects of chemotherapy. Our study reveals the role of DHRS2 in cell apoptosis induced by HDAC inhibitors and explores the clinical attributes of DHRS2 in OC from a new perspective, suggesting that OC patients with high DHRS2 expression may benefit from treatment with HDAC inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Han
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Ji
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 2 silencing sensitizes an oxaliplatin‑resistant cell line to oxaliplatin by inhibiting excision repair cross‑complementing group 1 protein expression. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1725-1734. [PMID: 31436301 PMCID: PMC6775812 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (Oxa)-based chemotherapy is widely used as the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, Oxa-resistance is common for many postoperative CRC patients. To explore drug resistance in CRC, an Oxa-resistant cell line, HCT116/Oxa, was established from parental HCT116 cells. These Oxa-resistant cells exhibited characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a higher migratory capacity than parental cells. Protein profiles of HCT116/Oxa and HCT116 cells were compared using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics technique. The protein dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 2 (DHRS2) was revealed to be highly expressed in HCT116/Oxa cells. Silencing of DHRS2 in HCT116/Oxa cells effectively restored Oxa-sensitivity by suppressing the expression of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 protein via a p53-dependent pathway, and reversed the EMT phenotype. Overall, the suppression of DHRS2 expression may be a promising strategy for the prevention of Oxa-resistance in CRC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Patel TH, Norman L, Chang S, Abedi S, Liu C, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Thaker K, Lu S, Jazwinski SM, Miceli MV, Udar N, Bota D, Kenney MC. European mtDNA Variants Are Associated With Differential Responses to Cisplatin, an Anticancer Drug: Implications for Drug Resistance and Side Effects. Front Oncol 2019; 9:640. [PMID: 31380278 PMCID: PMC6659439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin, a powerful antitumor agent, causes formation of DNA adducts, and activation of apoptotic pathways. Presently, cisplatin resistance develops in up to 70% of patients but the underlying molecular mechanism(s) are unclear and there are no markers to determine which patients will become resistant. Mitochondria play a significant role not only in energy metabolism but also retrograde signaling (mitochondria to nucleus) that modulates inflammation, complement, and apoptosis pathways. Maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt) DNA can be classified into haplogroups representing different ethnic populations that have diverse susceptibilities to diseases and medications. Methods: Transmitochondrial cybrids, where all cell lines possess identical nuclear genomes but either the H (Southern European) or J (Northern European) mtDNA haplogroups, were treated with cisplatin and analyzed for differential responses related to viability, oxidative stress, and expression levels of genes associated with cancer, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and resistance, apoptosis and signaling pathways. Results: The cisplatin-treated-J cybrids showed greater loss of cell viability along with lower levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to cisplatin-treated-H cybrids. After cisplatin treatment, J cybrids showed increased gene expression of BAX, CASP3, and CYP51A, but lower levels of SFRP1 compared to untreated-J cybrids. The cisplatin-treated-H cybrids had elevated expression of CDKN1A/P21, which has a role in cisplatin toxicity, compared to untreated-H cybrids. The cisplatin-treated H had higher transcription levels of ABCC1, DHRS2/HEP27, and EFEMP1 compared to cisplatin-treated-J cybrids. Conclusions: Cybrid cell lines that contain identical nuclei but either H mtDNA mitochondria or J mtDNA mitochondria respond differently to cisplatin treatments suggesting involvement of the retrograde signaling (from mitochondria to nucleus) in the drug-induced cell death. Varying toxicities and transcription levels of the H vs. J cybrids after cisplatin treatment support the hypothesis that mtDNA variants play a role in the expression of genes affecting resistance and side effects of cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tej H Patel
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Norman
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Chang
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sina Abedi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Liu
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kunal Thaker
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie Lu
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,VA Medical Center Long Beach Hospital, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michael V Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nitin Udar
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Bota
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo X, Li N, Zhao X, Liao C, Ye R, Cheng C, Xu Z, Quan J, Liu J, Cao Y. DHRS2 mediates cell growth inhibition induced by Trichothecin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:300. [PMID: 31291971 PMCID: PMC6617617 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is fundamentally a deregulation of cell growth and proliferation. Cancer cells often have perturbed metabolism that leads to the alteration of metabolic intermediates. Dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2) belongs to short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily, which is functionally involved in a number of intermediary metabolic processes and in the metabolism of lipid signaling molecules. DHRS2 displays closely association with the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and quiescence in cancers. METHODS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and colony formation assays were applied to evaluate the proliferative ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. We performed lipid metabolite profiling using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the proximal metabolite changes linked to DHRS2 overexpression. RNA sequencing technique combined with differentially expressed genes analysis was applied to identify the expression of genes responsible for the anti-tumor effect of trichothecin (TCN), a natural sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from an endophytic fungus. RESULTS Our current findings reveal that DHRS2 affects lipid metabolite profiling to induce cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition in NPC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TCN is able to induce growth inhibition of NPC in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating DHRS2. CONCLUSIONS Our report suggests that activating DHRS2 to reprogram lipid homeostasis may be a target for the development of targeted therapies against NPC. Moreover, TCN could be exploited for therapeutic gain against NPC by targeting DHRS2 and it may also be developed as a tool to enhance understanding the biological function of DHRS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Namei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoliang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Runxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu G, Cheng Z, Wu Z, Wang H. Identification of potential key genes associated with osteosarcoma based on integrated bioinformatics analyses. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13554-13561. [PMID: 30920023 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to high rates of metastasis and poor clinical outcomes for patients, it is important to study the pathomechanisms of osteosarcoma. However, due to the fact that osteosarcoma shows significant interindividual variation and high heterogeneity, the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the population level cannot answer many important questions related to osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. Therefore, a new strategy to identify dysregulated genes in osteosarcoma samples is required. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of osteosarcoma pathogenesis by identifying genes with universal aberrant expression in osteosarcoma samples. Because the relative expression ordering of genes is stable in normal bone tissues but is disrupted in osteosarcoma tissues, we used the RankComp algorithm to identify DEGs in normal and osteosarcoma tissue samples. We then calculated the dysregulation frequency for each gene. Genes with deregulation frequencies above 80% were deemed to be universal DEGs. Next, coexpression, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction network analyses were performed to characterize the functions of these genes. From 188 samples of osteosarcoma obtained from four datasets measured on different platforms, 51 universal DEGs were identified, including 4 universally upregulated genes and 47 universally downregulated genes. Genes that were differentially coexpressed with these universal DEGs were found to be enriched in 46 cancer-related pathways. In addition, functional and network analyses showed that genes with high dysregulation frequencies were involved in cancer-related functions. Thus, the commonly aberrant genes identified in osteosarcoma tissues may be important targets for osteosarcoma diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbing Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zizhuo Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ren J, Wang B, Li J. Integrating proteomic and phosphoproteomic data for pathway analysis in breast cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:130. [PMID: 30577793 PMCID: PMC6302460 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background As protein is the basic unit of cell function and biological pathway, shotgun proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, is contributing greatly to our understanding of disease mechanisms. Proteomics study could detect the changes of both protein expression and modification. With the releases of large-scale cancer proteome studies, how to integrate acquired proteomic and phosphoproteomic data in more comprehensive pathway analysis becomes implemented, but remains challenging. Integrative pathway analysis at proteome level provides a systematic insight into the signaling network adaptations in the development of cancer. Results Here we integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic data to perform pathway prioritization in breast cancer. We manually collected and curated breast cancer well-known related pathways from the literature as target pathways (TPs) or positive control in method evaluation. Three different strategies including Hypergeometric test based over-representation analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test based gene set analysis and topology-based pathway analysis, were applied and evaluated in integrating protein expression and phosphorylation. In comparison, we also assessed the ranking performance of the strategy using information of protein expression or protein phosphorylation individually. Target pathways were ranked more top with the data integration than using the information from proteomic or phosphoproteomic data individually. In the comparisons of pathway analysis strategies, topology-based method outperformed than the others. The subtypes of breast cancer, which consist of Luminal A, Luminal B, Basal and HER2-enriched, vary greatly in prognosis and require distinct treatment. Therefore we applied topology-based pathway analysis with integrating protein expression and phosphorylation profiles on four subtypes of breast cancer. The results showed that TPs were enriched in all subtypes but their ranks were significantly different among the subtypes. For instance, p53 pathway ranked top in the Basal-like breast cancer subtype, but not in HER2-enriched type. The rank of Focal adhesion pathway was more top in HER2- subtypes than in HER2+ subtypes. The results were consistent with some previous researches. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the network topology-based method is more powerful by integrating proteomic and phosphoproteomic in pathway analysis of proteomics study. This integrative strategy can also be used to rank the specific pathways for the disease subtypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0646-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shimonosono M, Idichi T, Seki N, Yamada Y, Arai T, Arigami T, Sasaki K, Omoto I, Uchikado Y, Kita Y, Kurahara H, Maemura K, Natsugoe S. Molecular pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Identification of the antitumor effects of miR‑145‑3p on gene regulation. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:673-688. [PMID: 30535463 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although miR‑145‑5p (the guide strand of the miR‑145 duplex) is established as a tumor suppressive microRNA (miRNA or miR), the functional significance of miR‑145‑3p (the passenger strand of the miR‑145 duplex) in cancer cells and its targets remains obscure. In our continuing analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) pathogenesis, the aim of the present study was to identify important oncogenes and proteins that are controlled by miR‑145‑3p. Overexpression of miR‑145‑3p significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasive abilities, and further increased apoptotic abilities. In ESCC cells, 30 possible oncogenic targets were identified that might be regulated by miR‑145‑3p. Among these targets, dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2) and myosin IB (MYO1B) were focused on to investigate their functional roles in ESCC cells. DHRS2 and MYO1B were directly regulated by miR‑145‑3p in ESCC cells by dual luciferase reporter assays. Aberrantly expressed DHRS2 and MYOIB were detected in ESCC clinical specimens, and their overexpression enhanced cancer cell aggressiveness. Genes regulated by antitumor miR‑145‑3p were closely associated with the molecular pathogenesis of ESCC. The approach based on antitumor miRNAs may contribute to the understanding of ESCC molecular pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shimonosono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Idichi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Itaru Omoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Yasuto Uchikado
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurahara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Kosei Maemura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nettersheim D, Berger D, Jostes S, Skowron M, Schorle H. Deciphering the molecular effects of romidepsin on germ cell tumours: DHRS2 is involved in cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis or induction of romidepsin effectors. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:670-679. [PMID: 30460772 PMCID: PMC6307807 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) mostly affect young men at age 17‐40. Although high cure rates can be achieved by orchiectomy and chemotherapy, GCTs can still be a lethal threat to young patients with metastases or therapy resistance. Thus, alternative treatment options are needed. Based on studies utilising GCT cell lines, the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin is a promising therapeutic option, showing high toxicity at very low doses towards cisplatin‐resistant GCT cells, but not fibroblasts or Sertoli cells. In this study, we extended our analysis of the molecular effects of romidepsin to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Patients will benefit from these analyses, since detailed knowledge of the romidepsin effects allows for a better risk and side‐effect assessment. We screened for changes in histone acetylation of specific lysine residues and analysed changes in the DNA methylation landscape after romidepsin treatment of the GCT cell lines TCam‐2, 2102EP, NCCIT and JAR, while human fibroblasts were used as controls. In addition, we focused on the role of the dehydrogenase/reductase DHRS2, which was strongly up‐regulated in romidepsin treated cells, by generating DHRS2‐deficient TCam‐2 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We show that DHRS2 is dispensable for up‐regulation of romidepsin effectors (GADD45B,DUSP1,ZFP36,ATF3,FOS,CDKN1A,ID2) but contributes to induction of cell cycle arrest. Finally, we show that a combinatory treatment of romidepsin plus the gluccocorticoid dexamethasone further boosts expression of the romidepsin effectors and reduces viability of GCT cells more strongly than under single agent treatment. Thus, romidepsin and dexamethasone might represent a new combinatorial approach for treatment of GCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational Urooncology, University Medical School Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Berger
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Jostes
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margaretha Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational Urooncology, University Medical School Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mijuskovic M, Saunders EJ, Leongamornlert DA, Wakerell S, Whitmore I, Dadaev T, Cieza-Borrella C, Govindasami K, Brook MN, Haiman CA, Conti DV, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z. Rare germline variants in DNA repair genes and the angiogenesis pathway predispose prostate cancer patients to develop metastatic disease. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:96-104. [PMID: 29915322 PMCID: PMC6035259 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PrCa) demonstrates a heterogeneous clinical presentation ranging from largely indolent to lethal. We sought to identify a signature of rare inherited variants that distinguishes between these two extreme phenotypes. METHODS We sequenced germline whole exomes from 139 aggressive (metastatic, age of diagnosis < 60) and 141 non-aggressive (low clinical grade, age of diagnosis ≥60) PrCa cases. We conducted rare variant association analyses at gene and gene set levels using SKAT and Bayesian risk index techniques. GO term enrichment analysis was performed for genes with the highest differential burden of rare disruptive variants. RESULTS Protein truncating variants (PTVs) in specific DNA repair genes were significantly overrepresented among patients with the aggressive phenotype, with BRCA2, ATM and NBN the most frequently mutated genes. Differential burden of rare variants was identified between metastatic and non-aggressive cases for several genes implicated in angiogenesis, conferring both deleterious and protective effects. CONCLUSIONS Inherited PTVs in several DNA repair genes distinguish aggressive from non-aggressive PrCa cases. Furthermore, inherited variants in genes with roles in angiogenesis may be potential predictors for risk of metastases. If validated in a larger dataset, these findings have potential for future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mijuskovic
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Edward J Saunders
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Daniel A Leongamornlert
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Sarah Wakerell
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ian Whitmore
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Koveela Govindasami
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Mark N Brook
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han Y, Song C, Wang J, Tang H, Peng Z, Lu S. HOXA13 contributes to gastric carcinogenesis through DHRS2 interacting with MDM2 and confers 5-FU resistance by a p53-dependent pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:722-734. [PMID: 29436749 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
5-FU-based chemotherapy is recently most recommended as the first-line treatment for gastric cancer (GC). However, 5-FU resistance is common for many postoperative GC patients. Homeobox A13 (HOXA13) is a member of homeobox genes highly expressed in many human tumors. Its potential roles and mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU in GC are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that HOXA13 played an oncogenic role in vivo and in vitro. The patients with HOXA13 overexpression were closely related with poor prognosis and more prone to be resistant to 5-FU. Moreover, dehydrogenase/reductase 2 (DHRS2) was identified as a downstream gene of HOXA13. HOXA13 played a role of carcinogenesis through directly down-regulating DHRS2 to increase MDM2. Furthermore, HOXA13 conferred 5-FU resistance through MRP1 by a p53-dependent pathway. Therefore, HOXA13 might serve as a potential signature that recognized patients who were insensitive to 5-FU, and timely recommended them to other chemotherapy regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlong Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oda T, Sekimoto T, Kurashima K, Fujimoto M, Nakai A, Yamashita T. Acute HSF1 depletion induces cellular senescence through the MDM2-p53-p21 pathway in human diploid fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210724. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) regulates the expression of a wide array of genes, control of the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and cell growth. Although acute depletion of HSF1 induces cellular senescence, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report that HSF1 depletion-induced senescence (HDIS) of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) was independent of HSP-mediated proteostasis but dependent on activation of the p53-p21 pathway, partly because of the increased expression of dehydrogenase/reductase 2 (DHRS2), a putative MDM2 inhibitor. We observed that HDIS occurred without decreased levels of major HSPs or increased proteotoxic stress in HDFs. Additionally, an inhibitor of HSP70 family proteins increased proteotoxicity and suppressed cell growth, but failed to induce senescence. Importantly, we found that activation of the p53-p21 pathway due to reduced MDM2-dependent p53 degradation was required for HDIS. Furthermore, we provide evidence that increased DHRS2 expression contributes to p53 stabilization and HDIS. Collectively, our observations uncovered a molecular pathway in which HSF1 depletion-induced DHRS2 expression leads to activation of the MDM2-p53-p21 pathway required for HDIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Oda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sekimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kiminori Kurashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
DHRS2 inhibits cell growth and motility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 37:1086-1094. [PMID: 29106393 PMCID: PMC5851108 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly prevailing in Asia and it is ranked in the most aggressive squamous cell carcinomas. High-frequency loss of heterozygosity occurred in chromosome 14q11.2 in many tumors including ESCC, suggesting that one or more tumor-suppressor genes might exist within this region. In this study, we identified the tumor-suppressing role of DHRS2 (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, member 2) at 14q11.2 in ESCCs. Downregulation of DHRS2 occurred in 30.8% of primary ESCC tumor tissues vs paired non-tumorous tissues. DHRS2 downregulation was associated significantly with ESCC invasion, lymph nodes metastasis and clinical staging (P<0.001). Survival analysis revealed that DHRS2 downregulation was significantly associated with worse outcome of patients with ESCC. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that both DHRS2 variants could suppress cell proliferation and cell motility. Moreover, we demonstrated that DHRS2 could reduce reactive oxygen species and decrease nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized/reduced), increase p53 stability and decrease Rb phosphorylation; it also decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase 2. In summary, these findings demonstrated that DHRS2 had an important part in ESCC development and progression.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Shidfar A, Ivancic D, Ranjan M, Liu L, Choi MR, Parimi V, Gursel DB, Sullivan ME, Najor MS, Abukhdeir AM, Scholtens D, Khan SA. Overexpression of lipid metabolism genes and PBX1 in the contralateral breasts of women with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2484-2497. [PMID: 28263391 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Risk biomarkers for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer have clear value for breast cancer prevention. We previously reported a set of lipid metabolism (LiMe) genes with high expression in the contralateral unaffected breasts (CUBs) of ER-negative cancer cases. We now further examine LiMe gene expression in both tumor and CUB, and investigate the role of Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox-1 (PBX1) as a candidate common transcription factor for LiMe gene expression. mRNA was extracted from laser-capture microdissected epithelium from tumor and CUB of 84 subjects (28 ER-positive cases, 28 ER-negative cases, 28 healthy controls). Gene expression was quantitated by qRT-PCR. Logistic regression models were generated to predict ER status of the contralateral cancer. Protein expression of HMGCS2 and PBX1 was measured using immunohistochemistry. The effect of PBX1 on LiMe gene expression was examined by overexpressing PBX1 in MCF10A cells with or without ER, and by suppressing PBX1 in MDA-MB-453 cells. The expression of DHRS2, HMGCS2, UGT2B7, UGT2B11, ALOX15B, HPGD, UGT2B28 and GLYATL1 was significantly higher in ER-negative versus ER-positive CUBs, and predicted ER status of the tumor in test and validation sets. In contrast, LiMe gene expression was significantly lower in ER-negative than ER-positive tumors. PBX1 overexpression in MCF10A cells up-regulated most LiMe genes, but not in MCF10A cells overexpressing ER. Suppressing PBX1 in MDA-MB-453 cells resulted in decrease of LiMe gene expression. Four binding sites of PBX1 and cofactor were identified in three lipid metabolism genes using ChIP-qPCR. These data suggest a novel role for PBX1 in the regulation of lipid metabolism genes in benign breast, which may contribute to ER-negative tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ali Shidfar
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - David Ivancic
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Manish Ranjan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Liannian Liu
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mi-Ran Choi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Vamsi Parimi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Demirkan B Gursel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Megan E Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew S Najor
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Abde M Abukhdeir
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Denise Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marini A, Lena AM, Panatta E, Ivan C, Han L, Liang H, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Di Daniele N, Calin GA, Candi E, Melino G. Ultraconserved long non-coding RNA uc.63 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:35669-35680. [PMID: 27447964 PMCID: PMC5482607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcribed-ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) encoded by a subset of long ultraconserved stretches in the human genome. Recent studies revealed that the expression of several T-UCRs is altered in cancer and growing evidences underline the importance of T-UCRs in oncogenesis, offering also potential new strategies for diagnosis and prognosis. We found that overexpression of one specific T-UCRs named uc.63 is associated with bad outcome in luminal A subtype of breast cancer patients. uc.63 is localized in the third intron of exportin-1 gene (XPO1) and is transcribed in the same orientation of its host gene. Interestingly, silencing of uc.63 induces apoptosis in vitro. However, silencing of host gene XPO1 does not cause the same effect suggesting that the transcription of uc.63 is independent of XPO1. Our results reveal an important role of uc.63 in promoting breast cancer cells survival and offer the prospect to identify a signature associated with poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and The Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and The Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Z, Li Y, Yan X, Wang X, Yang C, Wei H, Yang X, Xiao J. Does rarity mean imparity? Biological characteristics of osteosarcoma cells originating from the spine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1959-1969. [PMID: 28551767 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignancies in bones and is often found in limbs. Until now, it is not clear why osteosarcoma is rare in the spine. On the other hand, previous biological characteristics study about osteosarcoma of spine was also rare because of its low incidence. To explore the biology of spinal osteosarcoma, a stable osteosarcoma cell line derived from spine is necessary. METHODS A novel osteosarcoma cell line named NEO217 was established from spinal osteosarcoma tissues obtained from a Chinese male patient. We performed a series of experiments to investigate the biological properties of NEO217, including cell morphology, the kinetics of cell growth, biomarkers and tumorigenicity. RESULTS The cell line NEO217 was passaged in vitro for more than 50 generations. Ultramicroscopic structural features of these cells were consistent with the pleomorphism characteristic of cancer cells. The average cell doubling time was 26 h. The chromosomal morphology was that of a human karyotype, with the number of chromosomes more than 80. NEO217 cells and available osteosarcoma cell lines such as MG-63 and MNNG/HOS were all CD29+CD59+ phenotype as detected by flow cytometry. Inoculation of NEO217 cells to immunodeficient mice led to tumor formation. The biological and molecular properties of NEO217 cell line are not exactly the same as some human osteosarcoma cell lines derived from the extremities. CONCLUSION We have established a novel osteosarcoma cell line NEO217 derived from the spine, which will provide a useful model for biological or therapeutical studies of spinal osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fang L, Cheng Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Li L, Liu J, Zheng J. Selective effects of a fiber chimeric conditionally replicative adenovirus armed with hep27 gene on renal cancer cell. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:664-73. [PMID: 27195521 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1190485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ASBTARCT Adenoviruses mediated cancer gene therapies are widely investigated and show a promising effect on cancer treatment. However, efficient gene transfer varies among different cancer cell lines based on the expression of coxsakie adenovirus receptor (CAR). Hep27, a member of dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, can bind to Mdm2, resulting in the attenuation of Mdm2-mediated p53 degradation. Here we constructed a fiber chimeric adenovirus carrying hep27 gene (F5/35-ZD55-Hep27), in which the fiber protein of 5-serotype adenovirus (Ad5) was substituted by that of 35-serotype adenovirus (Ad35), aiming to facilitate the infection for renal cancer cells and develop the role of hep27 in cancer therapy. We evaluated the CAR and CD46 (a membrane cofactor protein for Ad35) expression in four kinds of renal cancer cells and assessed the relationship between receptors and infection efficiency. 5/35 fiber-modified adenovirus had a much promising infectivity compared with Ad5-based vector in renal cancer cells. F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 had enhanced antitumor activity against human renal cancer cells compared to the other groups. Further, hep27 mediated p53 and cleaved-PARP upregulation and mdm2 downregulation was involved and caused increased apoptosis. Moreover, F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 significantly suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous renal cancer cell xenograft models. Our data demonstrated that 5/35 fiber-modified adenovirus F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 transferred into renal cancers efficiently and increased p53 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Thus 5/35 fiber-modified adenoviral vector F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 might a promising vector and antitumor reagent for renal cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Qian Cheng
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Wenshun Liu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Jie Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Yan Ge
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Liantao Li
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China.,b Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Junjie Liu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China.,b Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China.,c Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ebert B, Kisiela M, Maser E. Transcriptional regulation of human and murine short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs) – an in silico approach. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:183-217. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2016.1167902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ebert
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Kisiela
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Soleimanpour SA, Ferrari AM, Raum JC, Groff DN, Yang J, Kaufman BA, Stoffers DA. Diabetes Susceptibility Genes Pdx1 and Clec16a Function in a Pathway Regulating Mitophagy in β-Cells. Diabetes 2015; 64:3475-84. [PMID: 26085571 PMCID: PMC4587637 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a critical regulator of mitochondrial quality control and is necessary for elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria to maintain cellular respiration. Here, we report that the homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1, a gene associated with both type 2 diabetes and monogenic diabetes of the young, regulates mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells. Loss of Pdx1 leads to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function as well as impaired mitochondrial turnover. High-throughput expression microarray and chromatin occupancy analyses reveal that Pdx1 regulates the expression of Clec16a, a type 1 diabetes gene and itself a key mediator of mitophagy through regulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1. Indeed, expression of Clec16a and Nrdp1 are both reduced in Pdx1 haploinsufficient islets, and reduction of Pdx1 impairs fusion of autophagosomes containing mitochondria to lysosomes during mitophagy. Importantly, restoration of Clec16a expression after Pdx1 loss of function restores mitochondrial trafficking during mitophagy and improves mitochondrial respiration and glucose-stimulated insulin release. Thus, Pdx1 orchestrates nuclear control of mitochondrial function in part by controlling mitophagy through Clec16a. The novel Pdx1-Clec16a-Nrdp1 pathway we describe provides a genetic basis for the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple forms of diabetes that could be targeted for future therapies to improve β-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Soleimanpour
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alana M Ferrari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey C Raum
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David N Groff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juxiang Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Strict control of tissue-specific gene expression plays a pivotal role during lineage commitment. The transcription factor c-Myb has an essential role in adult haematopoiesis and functions as an oncogene when rearranged in human cancers. Here we have exploited digital genomic footprinting analysis to obtain a global picture of c-Myb occupancy in the genome of six different haematopoietic cell-types. We have biologically validated several c-Myb footprints using c-Myb knockdown data, reporter assays and DamID analysis. We show that our predicted conserved c-Myb footprints are highly dependent on the haematopoietic cell type, but that there is a group of gene targets common to all cell-types analysed. Furthermore, we find that c-Myb footprints co-localise with active histone mark H3K4me3 and are significantly enriched at exons. We analysed co-localisation of c-Myb footprints with 104 chromatin regulatory factors in K562 cells, and identified nine proteins that are enriched together with c-Myb footprints on genes positively regulated by c-Myb and one protein enriched on negatively regulated genes. Our data suggest that c-Myb is a transcription factor with multifaceted target regulation depending on cell type.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bertram K, Valcu CM, Weitnauer M, Linne U, Görlach A. NOX1 supports the metabolic remodeling of HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122002. [PMID: 25806803 PMCID: PMC4373763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which act as signaling molecules in the regulation of protein expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. The NOX1 subunit is over-expressed in several cancers and NOX1 derived ROS have been repeatedly linked with tumorigenesis and tumor progression although underlying pathways are ill defined. We engineered NOX1-depleted HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells and employed differential display 2DE experiments in order to investigate changes in NOX1-dependent protein expression profiles. A total of 17 protein functions were identified to be dysregulated in NOX1-depleted cells. The proteomic results support a connection between NOX1 and the Warburg effect and a role for NOX in the regulation of glucose and glutamine metabolism as well as of lipid, protein and nucleotide synthesis in hepatic tumor cells. Metabolic remodeling is a common feature of tumor cells and understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for the development of new cancer treatments. Our results reveal a manifold involvement of NOX1 in the metabolic remodeling of hepatoblastoma cells towards a sustained production of building blocks required to maintain a high proliferative rate, thus rendering NOX1 a potential target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bertram
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina-Maria Valcu
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (CMV), (AG)
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Chemistry Department—Mass Spectrometry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (CMV), (AG)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suganya N, Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Subin TS, Krishnamurthi K, Devi SS, Lau K, Sekar TV, Paulmurugan R, Ramkumar KM. Proteomic Identification of Pterostilbene-Mediated Anticancer Activities in HepG2 Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1243-52. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Suganya
- SRM
Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E. Bhakkiyalakshmi
- SRM
Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T. S. Subin
- Environmental
Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - K. Krishnamurthi
- Environmental
Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - S. Saravana Devi
- Environmental
Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - K. Lau
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter
Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. V. Sekar
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter
Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - R. Paulmurugan
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter
Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - K. M. Ramkumar
- SRM
Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ribosomal protein-Mdm2-p53 pathway coordinates nutrient stress with lipid metabolism by regulating MCD and promoting fatty acid oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2414-22. [PMID: 24872453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has recently been shown to regulate energy metabolism through multiple mechanisms. However, the in vivo signaling pathways related to p53-mediated metabolic regulation remain largely uncharacterized. By using mice bearing a single amino acid substitution at cysteine residue 305 of mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2(C305F)), which renders Mdm2 deficient in binding ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL11 and RPL5, we show that the RP-Mdm2-p53 signaling pathway is critical for sensing nutrient deprivation and maintaining liver lipid homeostasis. Although the Mdm2(C305F) mutation does not significantly affect growth and development in mice, this mutation promotes fat accumulation under normal feeding conditions and hepatosteatosis under acute fasting conditions. We show that nutrient deprivation inhibits rRNA biosynthesis, increases RP-Mdm2 interaction, and induces p53-mediated transactivation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which catalyzes the degradation of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA, thus modulating lipid partitioning. Fasted Mdm2(C305F) mice demonstrate attenuated MCD induction and enhanced malonyl-CoA accumulation in addition to decreased oxidative respiration and increased fatty acid accumulation in the liver. Thus, the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway appears to function as an endogenous sensor responsible for stimulating fatty acid oxidation in response to nutrient depletion.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dragoi AM, Swiss R, Gao B, Agaisse H. Novel strategies to enforce an epithelial phenotype in mesenchymal cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3659-72. [PMID: 24845104 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin downregulation in cancer cells is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic prowess, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterized. In this study, we probed E-cadherin expression at the plasma membrane as a functional assay to identify genes involved in E-cadherin downregulation. The assay was based on the E-cadherin-dependent invasion properties of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. On the basis of a functional readout, automated microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis were used to screen siRNAs targeting 7,000 human genes. The validity of the screen was supported by its definition of several known regulators of E-cadherin expression, including ZEB1, HDAC1, and MMP14. We identified three new regulators (FLASH, CASP7, and PCGF1), the silencing of which was sufficient to restore high levels of E-cadherin transcription. In addition, we identified two new regulators (FBXL5 and CAV2), the silencing of which was sufficient to increase E-cadherin expression at a posttranscriptional level. FLASH silencing regulated the expression of E-cadherin and other ZEB1-dependent genes, through posttranscriptional regulation of ZEB1, but it also regulated the expression of numerous ZEB1-independent genes with functions predicted to contribute to a restoration of the epithelial phenotype. Finally, we also report the identification of siRNA duplexes that potently restored the epithelial phenotype by mimicking the activity of known and putative microRNAs. Our findings suggest new ways to enforce epithelial phenotypes as a general strategy to treat cancer by blocking invasive and metastatic phenotypes associated with EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rachel Swiss
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Beile Gao
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hervé Agaisse
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Methionine metabolism regulates maintenance and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Metab 2014; 19:780-94. [PMID: 24746804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are in a high-flux metabolic state, with a high dependence on threonine catabolism. However, little is known regarding amino acid metabolism in human ESCs/iPSCs. We show that human ESCs/iPSCs require high amounts of methionine (Met) and express high levels of enzymes involved in Met metabolism. Met deprivation results in a rapid decrease in intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), triggering the activation of p53-p38 signaling, reducing NANOG expression, and poising human iPSC/ESCs for differentiation, follow by potentiated differentiation into all three germ layers. However, when exposed to prolonged Met deprivation, the cells undergo apoptosis. We also show that human ESCs/iPSCs have regulatory systems to maintain constant intracellular Met and SAM levels. Our findings show that SAM is a key regulator for maintaining undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and regulating their differentiation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ebert B, Kisiela M, Maser E. Human DCXR - another ‘moonlighting protein’ involved in sugar metabolism, carbonyl detoxification, cell adhesion and male fertility? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:254-78. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ebert
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein; Brunswiker Str. 10 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Michael Kisiela
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein; Brunswiker Str. 10 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein; Brunswiker Str. 10 24105 Kiel Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang G, Luo Y, Li G, Wang L, Na D, Wu X, Zhang Y, Mo X, Wang L. DHRSX, a novel non-classical secretory protein associated with starvation induced autophagy. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:962-70. [PMID: 25076851 PMCID: PMC4113589 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) X-linked (DHRSX) is a novel human gene without any substantial functional annotation and was initially cloned and identified in our laboratory. In this study, we present evidence that it encodes a non-classical secretory protein and promotes starvation induced autophagy. Using the Baf.A1 assay and N-terminal sequencing, we showed that DHRSX is secreted in a non-classical form. We expressed and purified a recombinant human GST-DHRSX fusion protein. Functional studies revealed that HeLa and U2OS cells overexpressing DHRSX or treated with the GST-DHRSX fusion protein exhibited higher levels of starvation-induced autophagy, resulting in increased endogenous LC3-II levels, a punctate GFP-LC3 distribution, and structures associated with autophagy, with a lower accumulation of autophagy substrates such as p62 and polyQ80. Accordingly, knockdown of endogenous DHRSX through specific siRNAs reduced LC3-II levels obviously in U2OS cells induced by starvation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DHRSX is a novel non-classical secretory protein involved in the positive regulation of starvation induced autophagy and provide a new avenue for research on this protein family and autophagy regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ge Li
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Na
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- 1. Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang J, Scholtens D, Holko M, Ivancic D, Lee O, Hu H, Chatterton RT, Sullivan ME, Hansen N, Bethke K, Zalles CM, Khan SA. Lipid metabolism genes in contralateral unaffected breast and estrogen receptor status of breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:321-30. [PMID: 23512947 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Risk biomarkers that are specific to estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes of breast cancer would aid the development and implementation of distinct prevention strategies. The contralateral unaffected breast of women with unilateral breast cancer (cases) is a good model for defining subtype-specific risk because women with ER-negative (ER-) index primaries are at high risk for subsequent ER-negative primary cancers. We conducted random fine needle aspiration of the unaffected breasts of cases. Samples from 30 subjects [15 ER-positive (ER+) and 15 ER- cases matched for age, race and menopausal status] were used for Illumina expression array analysis. Findings were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the same samples. A validation set consisting of 36 subjects (12 ER+, 12 ER- and 12 standard-risk healthy controls) was used to compare gene expression across groups. ER- case samples displayed significantly higher expression of 18 genes/transcripts, 8 of which were associated with lipid metabolism on gene ontology analysis (GO: 0006629). This pattern was confirmed by qRT-PCR in the same samples, and in the 24 cases of the validation set. When compared to the healthy controls in the validation set, significant overexpression of 4 genes (DHRS2, HMGCS2, HPGD and ACSL3) was observed in ER- cases, with significantly lower expression of UGT2B11 and APOD in ER+ cases, and decreased expression of UGT2B7 in both subtypes. These data suggest that differential expression of lipid metabolism genes may be involved in the risk for subtypes of breast cancer, and are potential biomarkers of ER-specific breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
VRK2 is a novel Ser-Thr kinase whose VRK2A isoform is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes. We have studied the potential role that VRK2A has in the regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. VRK2A can regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in two different ways. The VRK2A protein directly interacts with Bcl-xL, but not with Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, PUMA or Binp-3L. VRK2A does not compete with Bax for interaction with Bcl-xL, and these proteins can form a complex that reduces apoptosis. Thus, high VRK2 levels confer protection against apoptosis. In addition, VRK2 knockdown results in an increased expression of BAX gene expression that is mediated by its proximal promoter, thus VRK2A behaves as a negative regulator of BAX. Low levels of VRK2A causes an increase in mitochondrial Bax protein level, leading to an increase in the release of cytochrome C and caspase activation, detected by PARP processing. VRK2A loss results in an increase in cell death that can be detected by an increase in annexinV+ cells. Low levels of VRK2A increase cell sensitivity to induction of apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs like camptothecin or doxorubicin. We conclude that VRK2A protein is a novel modulator of apoptosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The application of high-throughput techniques to profile DNA, RNA, and protein in breast cancer samples from hundreds of patients has profoundly increased our knowledge of the disease. The etiologic events that drive breast cancer are finally coming into focus and should be used to set priorities for clinical trials. In this Prospective, we summarize some of the headline conclusions from 6 recent breast cancer "omics profiling" articles in Nature, with an emphasis on the implications for systemic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Ellis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Breast Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, 660 South Euclid Ave, CB 8069, St Louis, MO, 63110, Ph: 314-362-8903, Fax: 314-747-9320
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 450 West Drive, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, Ph: 919-843-5740, Fax: 919-843-5718
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
We analysed primary breast cancers by genomic DNA copy number arrays, DNA methylation, exome sequencing, messenger RNA arrays, microRNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein arrays. Our ability to integrate information across platforms provided key insights into previously defined gene expression subtypes and demonstrated the existence of four main breast cancer classes when combining data from five platforms, each of which shows significant molecular heterogeneity. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers; however, there were numerous subtype-associated and novel gene mutations including the enrichment of specific mutations in GATA3, PIK3CA and MAP3K1 with the luminal A subtype. We identified two novel protein-expression-defined subgroups, possibly produced by stromal/microenvironmental elements, and integrated analyses identified specific signalling pathways dominant in each molecular subtype including a HER2/phosphorylated HER2/EGFR/phosphorylated EGFR signature within the HER2-enriched expression subtype. Comparison of basal-like breast tumours with high-grade serous ovarian tumours showed many molecular commonalities, indicating a related aetiology and similar therapeutic opportunities. The biological finding of the four main breast cancer subtypes caused by different subsets of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities raises the hypothesis that much of the clinically observable plasticity and heterogeneity occurs within, and not across, these major biological subtypes of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
42
|
Molecular and functional evolution of human DHRS2 and DHRS4 duplicated genes. Gene 2012; 511:461-9. [PMID: 23036705 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human DHRS2 and DHRS4 genes code for similar NADP-dependent short-chain carbonyl-reductase enzymes having different substrate specificity. Human DHRS2 and DHRS4 enzymes share several common sequence motives including residues responsible for coenzyme binding as well as for the intimate catalytic oxido-reductase mechanism, while their substrate-binding sequences have very low similarity. We found that DHRS2 and DHRS4 genes are syntenic outparalogues originated from a duplication of the DHRS4 gene that took place before the formation of the mammalian clade. DHRS2 gene evolved more rapidly and underwent positive selection on more sites than the DHRS4 gene. DHRS2 sites under positive selection were mainly located on the enzyme active site thus showing that substrate specificity drove the divergence from the DHRS4 enzyme. Rapid divergent evolution brought the human DHRS2 enzyme to have subcellular localization, synthesis regulation and specialized cellular functions very different from those of the human DHRS4 enzyme.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sato S, Genda T, Hirano K, Tsuzura H, Narita Y, Kanemitsu Y, Kikuchi T, Iijima K, Wada R, Ichida T. Up-regulated aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 in chronic hepatitis C: association with serum alpha-fetoprotein and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2012; 32:1382-90. [PMID: 22681639 PMCID: PMC3466415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is not only a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but is also a risk factor for HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients who do not have HCC. AIM The aim was to analyse the hepatic gene expression signature in chronic hepatitis C patients with elevated AFP, who were at high risk for HCC. METHODS Liver tissue samples from 48 chronic hepatitis C patients were stratified by their serum AFP levels and analysed for gene expression profiles. The association between aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) expression and serum AFP was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses. A matched case-control study was performed to evaluate the risk of AKR1B10 expression for HCC development. RESULTS Distinct hepatic gene expression patterns were demonstrated in patients with elevated AFP (≥10 ng/mL) and normal AFP (<10 ng/mL). Of the 627 differently expressed genes, the most abundantly expressed gene in patients with elevated AFP was AKR1B10 (fold change, 26.2; P < 0.001), which was originally isolated as an overexpressed gene in human HCC. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical studies confirmed a proportional correlation between AKR1B10 expression and serum AFP. A matched case-control study identified that AKR1B10 up-regulation (>6%) was an independent risk factor for HCC development (hazard ratio, 21.4; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION AKR1B10 was up-regulated in association with serum AFP, and was an independent risk factor for HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients, suggesting its possible involvement at a very early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Genda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Hironori Tsuzura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Narita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kanemitsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuyori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Wada
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ebata A, Suzuki T, Takagi K, Miki Y, Onodera Y, Nakamura Y, Fujishima F, Ishida K, Watanabe M, Tamaki K, Ishida T, Ohuchi N, Sasano H. Oestrogen-induced genes in ductal carcinoma in situ: their comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:485-96. [PMID: 22569827 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oestrogens play important roles in both the pathogenesis and development of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of human breast. However, molecular features of oestrogen actions have remained largely unclear in pure ductal carcinoma in situ (pDCIS), regarded as a precursor lesion of many IDCs. This is partly due to the fact that gene expression profiles of oestrogen-responsive genes have not been examined in pDCIS. Therefore, we first examined the profiles of oestrogen-induced genes in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive pDCIS and DCIS (DCIS component (DCIS-c)) and IDC (IDC component (IDC-c)) components of IDC cases (n=4 respectively) by microarray analysis. Oestrogen-induced genes identified in this study were tentatively classified into three different groups in the hierarchical clustering analysis, and 33% of the genes were predominantly expressed in pDCIS rather than DCIS-c or IDC-c cases. Among these genes, the status of MYB (C-MYB), RBBP7 (RBAP46) and BIRC5 (survivin) expressions in carcinoma cells was significantly higher in ER-positive pDCIS (n=53) than that in ER-positive DCIS-c (n=27) or IDC-c (n=27) by subsequent immunohistochemical analysis of the corresponding genes (P<0.0001, P=0.03 and P=0.0003 respectively). In particular, the status of C-MYB immunoreactivity was inversely (P=0.006) correlated with Ki67 in the pDCIS cases. These results suggest that expression profiles of oestrogen-induced genes in pDCIS may be different from those in IDC; and C-MYB, RBAP46 and survivin may play important roles particularly among oestrogen-induced genes in ER-positive pDCIS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Humans
- Microarray Analysis
- Middle Aged
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ebata
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Knopfová L, Beneš P, Pekarčíková L, Hermanová M, Masařík M, Pernicová Z, Souček K, Smarda J. c-Myb regulates matrix metalloproteinases 1/9, and cathepsin D: implications for matrix-dependent breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:15. [PMID: 22439866 PMCID: PMC3325857 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The c-Myb transcription factor is essential for the maintenance of stem-progenitor cells in bone marrow, colon epithelia, and neurogenic niches. c-Myb malfunction contributes to several types of malignancies including breast cancer. However, the function of c-Myb in the metastatic spread of breast tumors remains unexplored. In this study, we report a novel role of c-Myb in the control of specific proteases that regulate the matrix-dependent invasion of breast cancer cells. Results Ectopically expressed c-Myb enhanced migration and ability of human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1 mammary cancer cells to invade Matrigel but not the collagen I matrix in vitro. c-Myb strongly increased the expression/activity of cathepsin D and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and significantly downregulated MMP1. The gene coding for cathepsin D was suggested as the c-Myb-responsive gene and downstream effector of the migration-promoting function of c-Myb. Finally, we demonstrated that c-Myb delayed the growth of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice and affected the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in an organ-specific manner. Conclusions This study identified c-Myb as a matrix-dependent regulator of invasive behavior of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Knopfová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, and International Clinical Research Center, CBCE, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pan W, Issaq S, Zhang Y. The in vivo role of the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway in signaling oncogenic stress induced by pRb inactivation and Ras overexpression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21625. [PMID: 21747916 PMCID: PMC3126829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mdm2-p53 tumor suppression pathway plays a vital role in regulating cellular homeostasis by integrating a variety of stressors and eliciting effects on cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies have demonstrated an in vivo signaling pathway mediated by ribosomal protein (RP)-Mdm2 interaction that responds to ribosome biogenesis stress and evokes a protective p53 reaction. It has been shown that mice harboring a Cys-to-Phe mutation in the zinc finger of Mdm2 that specifically disrupts RP L11-Mdm2 binding are prone to accelerated lymphomagenesis in an oncogenic c-Myc driven mouse model of Burkitt's lymphoma. Because most oncogenes when upregulated simultaneously promote both cellular growth and proliferation, it therefore stands to reason that the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway might also be essential in response to oncogenes other than c-Myc. Using genetically engineered mice, we now show that disruption of the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway by an Mdm2(C305F) mutation does not accelerate prostatic tumorigenesis induced by inactivation of the pRb family proteins (pRb/p107/p130). In contrast, loss of p19Arf greatly accelerates the progression of prostate cancer induced by inhibition of pRb family proteins. Moreover, using ectopically expressed oncogenic H-Ras we demonstrate that p53 response remains intact in the Mdm2(C305F) mutant MEF cells. Thus, unlike the p19Arf-Mdm2-p53 pathway, which is considered a general oncogenic response pathway, the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway appears to specifically suppress tumorigenesis induced by oncogenic c-Myc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sameer Issaq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Topology based data analysis identifies a subgroup of breast cancers with a unique mutational profile and excellent survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7265-70. [PMID: 21482760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102826108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput biological data, whether generated as sequencing, transcriptional microarrays, proteomic, or other means, continues to require analytic methods that address its high dimensional aspects. Because the computational part of data analysis ultimately identifies shape characteristics in the organization of data sets, the mathematics of shape recognition in high dimensions continues to be a crucial part of data analysis. This article introduces a method that extracts information from high-throughput microarray data and, by using topology, provides greater depth of information than current analytic techniques. The method, termed Progression Analysis of Disease (PAD), first identifies robust aspects of cluster analysis, then goes deeper to find a multitude of biologically meaningful shape characteristics in these data. Additionally, because PAD incorporates a visualization tool, it provides a simple picture or graph that can be used to further explore these data. Although PAD can be applied to a wide range of high-throughput data types, it is used here as an example to analyze breast cancer transcriptional data. This identified a unique subgroup of Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancers that express high levels of c-MYB and low levels of innate inflammatory genes. These patients exhibit 100% survival and no metastasis. No supervised step beyond distinction between tumor and healthy patients was used to identify this subtype. The group has a clear and distinct, statistically significant molecular signature, it highlights coherent biology but is invisible to cluster methods, and does not fit into the accepted classification of Luminal A/B, Normal-like subtypes of ER(+) breast cancers. We denote the group as c-MYB(+) breast cancer.
Collapse
|
48
|
Quintana AM, Liu F, O'Rourke JP, Ness SA. Identification and regulation of c-Myb target genes in MCF-7 cells. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:30. [PMID: 21205319 PMCID: PMC3038977 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The c-Myb transcription factor regulates differentiation and proliferation in hematopoietic cells, stem cells and epithelial cells. Although oncogenic versions of c-Myb were first associated with leukemias, over expression or rearrangement of the c-myb gene is common in several types of solid tumors, including breast cancers. Expression of the c-myb gene in human breast cancer cells is dependent on estrogen stimulation, but little is known about the activities of the c-Myb protein or what genes it regulates in estrogen-stimulated cells. Methods We used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with whole genome promoter tiling microarrays to identify endogenous c-Myb target genes in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and characterized the activity of c-Myb at a panel of target genes during different stages of estrogen deprivation and stimulation. Results By using different antibodies and different growth conditions, the c-Myb protein was found associated with over 10,000 promoters in MCF-7 cells, including many genes that encode cell cycle regulators or transcription factors and more than 60 genes that encode microRNAs. Several previously identified c-Myb target genes were identified, including CCNB1, MYC and CXCR4 and novel targets such as JUN, KLF4, NANOG and SND1. By studying a panel of these targets to validate the results, we found that estradiol stimulation triggered the association of c-Myb with promoters and that association correlated with increased target gene expression. We studied one target gene, CXCR4, in detail, showing that c-Myb associated with the CXCR4 gene promoter and activated a CXCR4 reporter gene in transfection assays. Conclusions Our results show that c-Myb associates with a surprisingly large number of promoters in human cells. The results also suggest that estradiol stimulation leads to large-scale, genome-wide changes in c-Myb activity and subsequent changes in gene expression in human breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Quintana
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Prat A, Perou CM. Deconstructing the molecular portraits of breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2010; 5:5-23. [PMID: 21147047 PMCID: PMC5528267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of histology, therapeutic response, dissemination patterns to distant sites, and patient outcomes. Global gene expression analyses using high‐throughput technologies have helped to explain much of this heterogeneity and provided important new classifications of cancer patients. In the last decade, genomic studies have established five breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2‐enriched, Claudin‐low, Basal‐like) and a Normal Breast‐like group. In this review, we dissect the most recent data on this genomic classification of breast cancer with a special focus on the Claudin‐low subtype, which appears enriched for mesenchymal and stem cell features. In addition, we discuss how the combination of standard clinical‐pathological markers with the information provided by these genomic entities might help further understand the biological complexity of this disease, increase the efficacy of current and novel therapies, and ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Prat
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Thorner AR, Parker JS, Hoadley KA, Perou CM. Potential tumor suppressor role for the c-Myb oncogene in luminal breast cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13073. [PMID: 20949095 PMCID: PMC2951337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor c-Myb has been well characterized as an oncogene in several human tumor types, and its expression in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell population is essential for proper hematopoiesis. However, the role of c-Myb in mammopoeisis and breast tumorigenesis is poorly understood, despite its high expression in the majority of breast cancer cases (60–80%). Methodology/Principal Findings We find that c-Myb high expression in human breast tumors correlates with the luminal/ER+ phenotype and a good prognosis. Stable RNAi knock-down of endogenous c-Myb in the MCF7 luminal breast tumor cell line increased tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role in luminal breast cancer. We created a mammary-derived c-Myb expression signature, comprised of both direct and indirect c-Myb target genes, and found it to be highly correlated with a published mature luminal mammary cell signature and least correlated with a mammary stem/progenitor lineage gene signature. Conclusions/Significance These data describe, for the first time, a possible tumor suppressor role for the c-Myb proto-oncogene in breast cancer that has implications for the understanding of luminal tumorigenesis and for guiding treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Thorner
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|