1
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Obeng B, Bennett LJ, West BE, Wagner DJ, Fleming PJ, Tasker MN, Lorenger MK, Smith DR, Systuk T, Plummer SM, Eom J, Paine MD, Frangos CT, Wilczek MP, Shim JK, Maginnis MS, Gosse JA. Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride suppresses mast cell function by targeting tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk kinase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.04.602096. [PMID: 39026716 PMCID: PMC11257455 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.04.602096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial used in numerous personal care products, human food, cosmetic products, and cleaning solutions. Yet, there is minimal published data on CPC effects on eukaryotes, immune signaling, and human health. Previously, we showed that low-micromolar CPC inhibits rat mast cell function by inhibiting antigen (Ag)-stimulated Ca 2+ mobilization, microtubule polymerization, and degranulation. In this study, we extend the findings to human mast cells (LAD2) and present data indicating that CPC's mechanism of action centers on its positively-charged quaternary nitrogen in its pyridinium headgroup. CPC's inhibitory effect is independent of signaling platform receptor architecture. Tyrosine phosphorylation events are a trigger of Ca 2+ mobilization necessary for degranulation. CPC inhibits global tyrosine phosphorylation in Ag-stimulated mast cells. Specifically, CPC inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of specific key players Syk kinase and LAT, a substrate of Syk. In contrast, CPC does not affect Lyn kinase phosphorylation. Thus, CPC's root mechanism is electrostatic disruption of particular tyrosine phosphorylation events essential for signaling. This work outlines the biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of CPC on immune signaling and allows the prediction of CPC effects on cell types, like T cells, that share similar signaling elements.
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2
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Shaik GM, Khan MS. Betulinic Acid Potentiates Mast Cell Degranulation by Compromising Cell Membrane Integrity and Without Involving Fcεri Receptors. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:695-711. [PMID: 38504489 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2329990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells play important role in acquired and natural immunity making these favorable therapeutic targets in various inflammatory diseases. Here we observed that, pentacyclic tri terpenoid betulinic acid (BA) treatment resulted in a significantly high number (9%) of cells positive for Hoechst and negative for annexin-V indicating that BA could interfere with plasma membrane integrity. The degranulation of both activated and non-activated mast cells was enhanced upon treatment with BA. The pre-treatment of BA had remarkable effect on calcium response in activated mast cells which showed increased calcium influx relative compared to untreated cells. The results also showed potentially less migration of BA treated mast cells signifying the possible effect of BA on cell membrane. BA treatment resulted in a significant increase in mRNA levels of IL-13 while as mRNA levels of other target cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α seem to be not affected. Moreover, there was global Increase in phosphorylation of signaling proteins and no significant change in phosphorylation of FcεRI receptors indicating that the effect of BA was independent of signaling cascade or FcεRI receptor mediated mast cell aggregation. Overall, these results portray BA potentiates mast cell effector functions by compromising the membrane integrity and independent of FcεRI involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Yang S, Shi Z. Quantification of membrane geometry and protein sorting on cell membrane protrusions using fluorescence microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:385-411. [PMID: 38971608 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are flexible and can exhibit numerous shapes below the optical diffraction limit. The shape of cell periphery can either induce or be a product of local protein density changes, encoding numerous cellular functions. However, quantifying membrane curvature and the ensuing sorting of proteins in live cells remains technically demanding. Here, we demonstrate the use of simple widefield fluorescence microscopy to study the geometrical properties (i.e., radius, length, and number) of thin membrane protrusions. Importantly, the quantification of protrusion radius establishes a platform for studying the curvature preferences of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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4
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Bugajev V, Draberova L, Utekal P, Blazikova M, Tumova M, Draber P. Enhanced Membrane Fluidization and Cholesterol Displacement by 1-Heptanol Inhibit Mast Cell Effector Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2069. [PMID: 37626879 PMCID: PMC10453462 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) depends on membrane lipid and protein compartmentalization. Recently published data show that cells treated with 1-heptanol, a cell membrane fluidizer, exhibit changes in membrane properties. However, the functional consequences of 1-heptanol-induced changes on mast cell signaling are unknown. This study shows that short-term exposure to 1-heptanol reduces membrane thermal stability and dysregulates mast cell signaling at multiple levels. Cells treated with 1-heptanol exhibited increased lateral mobility and decreased internalization of the FcεRI. However, this did not affect the initial phosphorylation of the FcεRI-β chain and components of the SYK/LAT1/PLCγ1 signaling pathway after antigen activation. In contrast, 1-heptanol inhibited SAPK/JNK phosphorylation and effector functions such as calcium response, degranulation, and cytokine production. Membrane hyperfluidization induced a heat shock-like response via increased expression of the heat shock protein 70, increased lateral diffusion of ORAI1-mCherry, and unsatisfactory performance of STIM1-ORAI1 coupling, as determined by flow-FRET. Furthermore, 1-heptanol inhibited the antigen-induced production of reactive oxygen species and potentiated stress-induced plasma membrane permeability by interfering with heat shock protein 70 activity. The combined data suggest that 1-heptanol-mediated membrane fluidization does not interfere with the earliest biochemical steps of FcεRI signaling, such as phosphorylation of the FcεRI-β chain and components of the SYK/LAT/PLCγ1 signaling pathway, instead inhibiting the FcεRI internalization and mast cell effector functions, including degranulation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bugajev
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Lubica Draberova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Pavol Utekal
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Michaela Blazikova
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Magda Tumova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Petr Draber
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
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5
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Shaik GM, Draberova L, Cernohouzova S, Tumova M, Bugajev V, Draber P. Pentacyclic triterpenoid ursolic acid interferes with mast cell activation via a lipid-centric mechanism affecting FcεRI signalosome functions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102497. [PMID: 36115460 PMCID: PMC9587013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids, including ursolic acid (UA), are bioactive compounds with multiple biological activities involving anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mode of their action on mast cells, key players in the early stages of allergic inflammation, and underlying molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic. To better understand the effect of UA on mast cell signaling, here we examined the consequences of short-term treatment of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells with UA. Using IgE-sensitized and antigen- or thapsigargin-activated cells, we found that 15 min exposure to UA inhibited high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)–mediated degranulation, calcium response, and extracellular calcium uptake. We also found that UA inhibited migration of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells toward antigen but not toward prostaglandin E2 and stem cell factor. Compared to control antigen-activated cells, UA enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α at the mRNA and protein levels. However, secretion of this cytokine was inhibited. Further analysis showed that UA enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of the SYK kinase and several other proteins involved in the early stages of FcεRI signaling, even in the absence of antigen activation, but inhibited or reduced their further phosphorylation at later stages. In addition, we show that UA induced changes in the properties of detergent-resistant plasma membrane microdomains and reduced antibody-mediated clustering of the FcεRI and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein Thy-1. Finally, UA inhibited mobility of the FcεRI and cholesterol. These combined data suggest that UA exerts its effects, at least in part, via lipid-centric plasma membrane perturbations, hence affecting the functions of the FcεRI signalosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Cernohouzova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Tumova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Bugajev
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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6
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Kanagy WK, Cleyrat C, Fazel M, Lucero SR, Bruchez MP, Lidke KA, Wilson BS, Lidke DS. Docking of Syk to FcεRI is enhanced by Lyn but limited in duration by SHIP1. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar89. [PMID: 35793126 PMCID: PMC9582627 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, FcεRI, is the primary immune receptor found on mast cells and basophils. Signal initiation is classically attributed to phosphorylation of FcεRI β− and γ-subunits by the Src family kinase (SFK) Lyn, followed by the recruitment and activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk. FcεRI signaling is tuned by the balance between Syk-driven positive signaling and the engagement of inhibitory molecules, including SHIP1. Here, we investigate the mechanistic contributions of Lyn, Syk, and SHIP1 to the formation of the FcεRI signalosome. Using Lyn-deficient RBL-2H3 mast cells, we found that another SFK can weakly monophosphorylate the γ-subunit, yet Syk still binds the incompletely phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). Once recruited, Syk further enhances γ-phosphorylation to propagate signaling. In contrast, the loss of SHIP1 recruitment indicates that Lyn is required for phosphorylation of the β-subunit. We demonstrate two noncanonical Syk binding modes, trans γ-bridging and direct β-binding, that can support signaling when SHIP1 is absent. Using single particle tracking, we reveal a novel role of SHIP1 in regulating Syk activity, where the presence of SHIP1 in the signaling complex acts to increase the Syk:receptor off-rate. These data suggest that the composition and dynamics of the signalosome modulate immunoreceptor signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Kanagy
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Cédric Cleyrat
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Mohamadreza Fazel
- Department of Physics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Shayna R Lucero
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Department of Physics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Bridget S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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7
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Zhou X, Mehta S, Zhang J. AktAR and Akt-STOPS: Genetically Encodable Molecular Tools to Visualize and Perturb Akt Kinase Activity at Different Subcellular Locations in Living Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e416. [PMID: 35532280 PMCID: PMC9093046 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt integrates diverse upstream inputs to regulate cell survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests that Akt activity is differentially regulated depending on its subcellular location, which can include the plasma membrane, endomembrane, and nuclear compartment. This spatial control of Akt activity is critical for achieving signaling specificity and proper physiological functions, and deregulation of compartment-specific Akt signaling is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Understanding the spatial coordination of the signaling network centered around this key kinase and the underlying regulatory mechanisms requires precise tracking of Akt activity at distinct subcellular compartments within its native biological contexts. To address this challenge, new molecular tools are being developed, enabling us to directly interrogate the spatiotemporal regulation of Akt in living cells. These include, for instance, the newly developed genetically encodable fluorescent-protein-based Akt kinase activity reporter (AktAR2), which serves as a substrate surrogate of Akt kinase and translates Akt-specific phosphorylation into a quantifiable change in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In addition, we developed the Akt substrate tandem occupancy peptide sponge (Akt-STOPS), which allows biochemical perturbation of subcellular Akt activity. Both molecular tools can be readily targeted to distinct subcellular localizations. Here, we describe a workflow to study Akt kinase activity at different subcellular locations in living cells. We provide a protocol for using genetically targeted AktAR2 and Akt-STOPS, along with fluorescence imaging in living NIH3T3 cells, to visualize and perturb, respectively, the activity of endogenous Akt kinase at different subcellular compartments. We further describe a protocol for using chemically inducible dimerization (CID) to control the plasma membrane-specific inhibition of Akt activity in real time. Lastly, we describe a protocol for maintaining NIH3T3 cells in culture, a cell line known to exhibit robust Akt activity. In all, this approach enables interrogation of spatiotemporal regulation and functions of Akt, as well as the intricate signaling networks in which it is embedded, at specific subcellular locations. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Visualizing and perturbing subcellular Akt kinase activity using AktAR and Akt-STOPS Basic Protocol 2: Using chemically inducible dimerization (CID) to control inhibition of Akt at the plasma membrane Support Protocol: Maintaining NIH3T3 cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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8
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Govorkova P, Candice Lam CK, Truong K. Design of Synthetic Mammalian Promoters Using Highly Palindromic Subsequences. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1096-1105. [PMID: 35225601 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To express transgenes in specific cell types and states, promoters for endogenous genes are commonly created by truncating the sequence upstream of the transcriptional start site until the promoter is no longer functional. In this paper, we developed a method to design shorter synthetic mammalian promoters for endogenous genes by concatenating only its highly palindromic subsequences with a minimal core promoter. After developing metrics for palindromic density, analysis across all the human and mouse promoters showed higher palindromic density than expected by random. As experimental demonstrations, we applied the method to the CMV promoter (reduced to 432 nucleotides) and the mouse synapsin-1 promoter (383 nucleotides) to express fluorescent protein as reporters. Remarkably, the highly palindromic subsequences of these synthetic promoters contained sites important for strong constitutive expression and neuron-specific expression. As a resource to the community, we created enhancer sequences for all the human and mouse promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Govorkova
- Edward S. Rogers, Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Chee Ka Candice Lam
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kevin Truong
- Edward S. Rogers, Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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9
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Lam CKC, Truong K. Engineering a synthesis-friendly serum responsive promoter for antibiotic selection of genomic integration in cell-based therapy. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:605-611. [PMID: 35294696 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For clinical cell-based therapies (e.g. CAR-T cells), the genomic integration of therapeutic genes into cells are selected using inefficient resistance genes of host origin to avoid potential immune response from using more efficient resistance genes of foreign origin. In principle, a serum-responsive promoter could express efficient resistance genes during the cell manufacturing stage that could then diminish during in vivo administration. To avoid genomic instability, we designed a synthesis-friendly serum-responsive promoter (SFSp) with no extreme GC ratios or repeats greater than 9 base pairs. SFSp was used to express a fluorescent reporter, whose expression was diminished after serum starvation. Furthermore, SFSp could be used in replacement of weak promoters (e.g. SV40p) for expressing efficient resistance genes (e.g. blasticidin resistance) from genomic integration via lentiviral infection. Thus, the regulation of resistance genes using SFSp could be a valuable tool in cell-based therapeutics to increase selection efficiency and reduce immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ka Candice Lam
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kevin Truong
- Edward S. Rogers, Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street Room 407, Rosebrugh Building, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
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10
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Lam CKC, Truong K. Design of a synthesis-friendly hypoxia-responsive promoter for cell-based therapeutics. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:848-856. [PMID: 34899121 PMCID: PMC8638314 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the goal of making 'smart' cell therapies, one that recognizes disease conditions (e.g. hypoxia) and then produces mitigating biologics, it is important to develop suitable promoters. Currently, hypoxia responsive promoters are composed of strongly repeated sequences containing hypoxia response elements upstream of a minimal core promoter. Unfortunately, such repeated sequences have inherent genomic instability that may compromise the long-term consistency of cell-based therapeutics. Thus, we designed a synthesis-friendly hypoxia-inducible promoter (named SFHp) that has GC content between 25% and 75% and no repeats greater than 9 base pairs. In HEK293 cells stably integrated with genes regulated by synthetic SFHp, we demonstrated inducible reporter expression with fluorescent proteins, cell morphology rewiring with our previously engineered RhoA protein and intercellular cell signalling with secreted cytokines. These experiments exemplify the potential usage of SFHp in cell-based therapeutics with integrated genetic circuits that inducibly respond to the disease microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Truong
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Edward S. RogersSr. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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11
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Zhang Y, Qin Z, Sun W, Chu F, Zhou F. Function of Protein S-Palmitoylation in Immunity and Immune-Related Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661202. [PMID: 34557182 PMCID: PMC8453015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation is a covalent and reversible lipid modification that specifically targets cysteine residues within many eukaryotic proteins. In mammalian cells, the ubiquitous palmitoyltransferases (PATs) and serine hydrolases, including acyl protein thioesterases (APTs), catalyze the addition and removal of palmitate, respectively. The attachment of palmitoyl groups alters the membrane affinity of the substrate protein changing its subcellular localization, stability, and protein-protein interactions. Forty years of research has led to the understanding of the role of protein palmitoylation in significantly regulating protein function in a variety of biological processes. Recent global profiling of immune cells has identified a large body of S-palmitoylated immunity-associated proteins. Localization of many immune molecules to the cellular membrane is required for the proper activation of innate and adaptive immune signaling. Emerging evidence has unveiled the crucial roles that palmitoylation plays to immune function, especially in partitioning immune signaling proteins to the membrane as well as to lipid rafts. More importantly, aberrant PAT activity and fluctuations in palmitoylation levels are strongly correlated with human immunologic diseases, such as sensory incompetence or over-response to pathogens. Therefore, targeting palmitoylation is a novel therapeutic approach for treating human immunologic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role that palmitoylation plays in both immunity and immunologic diseases as well as the significant potential of targeting palmitoylation in disease treatment.
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12
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Lipid-based and protein-based interactions synergize transmembrane signaling stimulated by antigen clustering of IgE receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026583118. [PMID: 34433665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026583118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen (Ag) crosslinking of immunoglobulin E-receptor (IgE-FcεRI) complexes in mast cells stimulates transmembrane (TM) signaling, requiring phosphorylation of the clustered FcεRI by lipid-anchored Lyn tyrosine kinase. Previous studies showed that this stimulated coupling between Lyn and FcεRI occurs in liquid ordered (Lo)-like nanodomains of the plasma membrane and that Lyn binds directly to cytosolic segments of FcεRI that it initially phosphorylates for amplified activity. Net phosphorylation above a nonfunctional threshold is achieved in the stimulated state but not in the resting state, and current evidence supports the hypothesis that this relies on Ag crosslinking to disrupt a balance between Lyn and tyrosine phosphatase activities. However, the structural interactions that underlie the stimulation process remain poorly defined. This study evaluates the relative contributions and functional importance of different types of interactions leading to suprathreshold phosphorylation of Ag-crosslinked IgE-FcεRI in live rat basophilic leukemia mast cells. Our high-precision diffusion measurements by imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on multiple structural variants of Lyn and other lipid-anchored probes confirm subtle, stimulated stabilization of the Lo-like nanodomains in the membrane inner leaflet and concomitant sharpening of segregation from liquid disordered (Ld)-like regions. With other structural variants, we determine that lipid-based interactions are essential for access by Lyn, leading to phosphorylation of and protein-based binding to clustered FcεRI. By contrast, TM tyrosine phosphatase, PTPα, is excluded from these regions due to its Ld-preference and steric exclusion of TM segments. Overall, we establish a synergy of lipid-based, protein-based, and steric interactions underlying functional TM signaling in mast cells.
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13
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Natwick DE, Collins SR. Optimized iLID Membrane Anchors for Local Optogenetic Protein Recruitment. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1009-1023. [PMID: 33843200 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic protein dimerization systems are powerful tools to investigate the biochemical networks that cells use to make decisions and coordinate their activities. These tools, including the improved Light-Inducible Dimer (iLID) system, offer the ability to selectively recruit components to subcellular locations, such as micron-scale regions of the plasma membrane. In this way, the role of individual proteins within signaling networks can be examined with high spatiotemporal resolution. Currently, consistent recruitment is limited by heterogeneous optogenetic component expression, and spatial precision is diminished by protein diffusion, especially over long time scales. Here, we address these challenges within the iLID system with alternative membrane anchoring domains and fusion configurations. Using live cell imaging and mathematical modeling, we demonstrate that the anchoring strategy affects both component expression and diffusion, which in turn impact recruitment strength, kinetics, and spatial dynamics. Compared to the commonly used C-terminal iLID fusion, fusion proteins with large N-terminal anchors show stronger local recruitment, slower diffusion of recruited components, efficient recruitment over wider gene expression ranges, and improved spatial control over signaling outputs. We also define guidelines for component expression regimes for optimal recruitment for both cell-wide and subcellular recruitment strategies. Our findings highlight key sources of imprecision within light-inducible dimer systems and provide tools that allow greater control of subcellular protein localization across diverse cell biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E. Natwick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sean R. Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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14
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Okubo K, Brenner MD, Cullere X, Saggu G, Patchen ML, Bose N, Mihori S, Yuan Z, Lowell CA, Zhu C, Mayadas TN. Inhibitory affinity modulation of FcγRIIA ligand binding by glycosphingolipids by inside-out signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109142. [PMID: 34010642 PMCID: PMC8218468 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the human FcγRIIA with immune complexes (ICs) promotes neutrophil activation and thus must be tightly controlled to avoid damage to healthy tissue. Here, we demonstrate that a fungal-derived soluble β-1,3/1,6-glucan binds to the glycosphingolipid long-chain lactosylceramide (LacCer) to reduce FcγRIIA-mediated recruitment to immobilized ICs under flow, a process requiring high-affinity FcγRIIA-immunoglobulin G (IgG) interactions. The inhibition requires Lyn phosphorylation of SHP-1 phosphatase and the FcγRIIA immunotyrosine-activating motif. β-glucan reduces the effective 2D affinity of FcγRIIA for IgG via Lyn and SHP-1 and, in vivo, inhibits FcγRIIA-mediated neutrophil recruitment to intravascular IgG deposited in the kidney glomeruli in a glycosphingolipid- and Lyn-dependent manner. In contrast, β-glucan did not affect FcγR functions that bypass FcγR affinity for IgG. In summary, we have identified a pathway for modulating the 2D affinity of FcγRIIA for ligand that relies on LacCer-Lyn-SHP-1-mediated inhibitory signaling triggered by β-glucan, a previously described activator of innate immunity. Okubo et al. demonstrate that β-glucan binding to the glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide engages a Lyn kinase to SHP-1 phosphatase pathway that reduces FcγRIIA binding propensity for IgG, which suggests FcγRIIA affinity regulation by “inside-out” signaling. The β-glucan-lactosylceramide-Lyn axis prevents FcγRIIA-dependent neutrophil recruitment in vitro and to intravascular IgG deposits following glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshu Okubo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael D Brenner
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xavier Cullere
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gurpanna Saggu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nandita Bose
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, Minnesota, MN 55121, USA
| | - Saki Mihori
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tanya N Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Basak S, Sakia N, Dougherty L, Guo Z, Wu F, Mindlin F, Lary JW, Cole JL, Ding F, Bowen ME. Probing Interdomain Linkers and Protein Supertertiary Structure In Vitro and in Live Cells with Fluorescent Protein Resonance Energy Transfer. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166793. [PMID: 33388290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are composed of independently-folded domains connected by flexible linkers. The primary sequence and length of such linkers can set the effective concentration for the tethered domains, which impacts rates of association and enzyme activity. The length of such linkers can be sensitive to environmental conditions, which raises questions as to how studies in dilute buffer relate to the highly-crowded cellular environment. To examine the role of linkers in domain separation, we measured Fluorescent Protein-Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FP-FRET) for a series of tandem FPs that varied in the length of their interdomain linkers. We used discrete molecular dynamics to map the underlying conformational distribution, which revealed intramolecular contact states that we confirmed with single molecule FRET. Simulations found that attached FPs increased linker length and slowed conformational dynamics relative to the bare linkers. This makes the CLYs poor sensors of inherent linker properties. However, we also showed that FP-FRET in CLYs was sensitive to solvent quality and macromolecular crowding making them potent environmental sensors. Finally, we targeted the same proteins to the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells to measure FP-FRET in cellulo. The measured FP-FRET when tethered to the plasma membrane was the same as that in dilute buffer. While caveats remain regarding photophysics, this suggests that the supertertiary conformational ensemble of these CLY proteins may not be affected by this specific cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Basak
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Nabanita Sakia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA
| | - Laura Dougherty
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Zhuojun Guo
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Frank Mindlin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Lary
- National Analytical Ultracentrifugation Facility, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - James L Cole
- National Analytical Ultracentrifugation Facility, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA
| | - Mark E Bowen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA.
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16
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Beauchamp E, Yap MC, Iyer A, Perinpanayagam MA, Gamma JM, Vincent KM, Lakshmanan M, Raju A, Tergaonkar V, Tan SY, Lim ST, Dong WF, Postovit LM, Read KD, Gray DW, Wyatt PG, Mackey JR, Berthiaume LG. Targeting N-myristoylation for therapy of B-cell lymphomas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5348. [PMID: 33093447 PMCID: PMC7582192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myristoylation, the N-terminal modification of proteins with the fatty acid myristate, is critical for membrane targeting and cell signaling. Because cancer cells often have increased N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) expression, NMTs were proposed as anti-cancer targets. To systematically investigate this, we performed robotic cancer cell line screens and discovered a marked sensitivity of hematological cancer cell lines, including B-cell lymphomas, to the potent pan-NMT inhibitor PCLX-001. PCLX-001 treatment impacts the global myristoylation of lymphoma cell proteins and inhibits early B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling events critical for survival. In addition to abrogating myristoylation of Src family kinases, PCLX-001 also promotes their degradation and, unexpectedly, that of numerous non-myristoylated BCR effectors including c-Myc, NFκB and P-ERK, leading to cancer cell death in vitro and in xenograft models. Because some treated lymphoma patients experience relapse and die, targeting B-cell lymphomas with a NMT inhibitor potentially provides an additional much needed treatment option for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Beauchamp
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan C Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Iyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Maneka A Perinpanayagam
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jay M Gamma
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Krista M Vincent
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Mouse Models of Human Cancer Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Anandhkumar Raju
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Outram Road, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wei-Feng Dong
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Lynne M Postovit
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - David W Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John R Mackey
- Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Luc G Berthiaume
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada. .,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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17
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STAT3 Differentially Regulates TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Early or Late Phases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207675. [PMID: 33081347 PMCID: PMC7589049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is an important therapeutic target to manage lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as an important regulator of various immune-related diseases and has generated interest as a therapeutic target. Here, we investigated the time-dependent roles of STAT3 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. STAT3 inhibition induced expression of the pro-inflammatory genes iNOS and COX-2 at early time points. STAT3 depletion resulted in regulation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunits p50 and p65 and IκBα/Akt/PI3K signaling. Moreover, we found that one Src family kinase, Lyn kinase, was phosphorylated in STAT3 knockout macrophages. In addition to using pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB, we found out that STAT3KO activation of NF-κB subunit p50 and p65 and expression of iNOS was significantly inhibited; furthermore, Akt tyrosine kinase inhibitors also inhibited iNOS and COX-2 gene expression during early time points of LPS stimulation, demonstrating an NF-κB- Akt-dependent mechanism. On the other hand, iNOS expression was downregulated after prolonged treatment with LPS. Activation of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed, and consequently, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell invasion were repressed. Overall, our data indicate that STAT3 differentially regulates early- and late-phase TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses.
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18
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Lam CKC, Truong K. Engineering a Synthesis-Friendly Constitutive Promoter for Mammalian Cell Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2625-2631. [PMID: 32927951 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since cell-based therapies require the constitutive and stable expression of therapeutic transgenes, lentiviral infection is commonly used to integrate gene material regulated by standard constitutive promoters. Unfortunately, none of the standard or synthetic constitutive promoters can be easily synthesized at low cost due to the presence of repeated subsequences. Thus, in this paper, we designed a synthetic constitutive promoter (named SFCp) that can drive the expression of fluorescent proteins that subsequently trafficked to intended subcellular localizations and the expression of synthetic proteins that rewired the cellular response of Ca2+ to cell morphology changes. Furthermore, SFCp can be used to avoid sequence homology that can theoretically result in loss of genetic material by homologous recombination in tandem constructs. As gene synthesis becomes an indispensable tool in the arsenal of synthetic biology, it is essential to develop a toolbox of gene synthesis friendly components for cell engineering such as constitutive promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ka Candice Lam
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kevin Truong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Edward S. Rogers, Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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19
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The Alternate Pathway for BCR Signaling Induced by IL-4 Requires Lyn Tyrosine Kinase. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166667. [PMID: 33058880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BCR signaling triggers a cascade of intracellular mediators that eventuates in transcription factor activation. Signaling is proximally mediated by Src family tyrosine kinases, the most abundant being Lyn. Key mediators are grouped together as the signalosome, and failure of any single member of this group leads to failure of signaling via this classical pathway. Recent work has revealed an alternate pathway for BCR signaling, in which signalosome elements are bypassed for downstream events such as ERK and PKCδ phosphorylation. This pathway is created by B cell treatment with IL-4 prior to BCR triggering. After IL-4 treatment, the alternate pathway for pERK operates in parallel with the classical pathway for pERK, whereas PKCδ phosphorylation is specific to the alternate pathway. Remarkably, Lyn is not required for B cell activation via the classical pathway; however, Lyn is indispensable and irreplaceable for B cell activation via the alternate pathway. Thus, Lyn operates at a branch point that determines the nature of the B cell response to BCR activation. The mechanism underlying the absolute dependence of alternate pathway signaling on Lyn is unknown. Here, our current understanding of receptor crosstalk between IL-4R and BCR is summarized along with several possible mechanisms for the role of Lyn in alternate pathway signaling. Further dissection of alternate pathway signaling and the role of Lyn is likely to provide important information relating to normal B cell responses, malignant B cell expansion, and generic principles relating to receptor interactions and crosstalk.
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20
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Direct Inhibition of the Allergic Effector Response by Raw Cow's Milk-An Extensive In Vitro Assessment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051258. [PMID: 32438725 PMCID: PMC7290799 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the allergy-protective effects of raw cow’s milk are poorly understood. The current focus is mainly on the modulation of T cell responses. In the present study, we investigated whether raw cow’s milk can also directly inhibit mast cells, the key effector cells in IgE-mediated allergic responses. Primary murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) and peritoneal mast cells (PMC), were incubated with raw milk, heated raw milk, or shop milk, prior to IgE-mediated activation. The effects on mast cell activation and underlying signaling events were assessed. Raw milk was furthermore fractionated based on molecular size and obtained fractions were tested for their capacity to reduce IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Coincubation of BMMC and PMC with raw milk prior to activation reduced β-hexosaminidase release and IL-6 and IL-13 production, while heated raw milk or shop milk had no effect. The reduced mast cell activation coincided with a reduced intracellular calcium influx. In addition, SYK and ERK phosphorylation levels, both downstream signaling events of the FcεRI, were lower in raw milk-treated BMMC compared to control BMMC, although differences did not reach full significance. Raw milk-treated BMMC furthermore retained membrane-bound IgE expression after allergen stimulation. Raw milk fractionation showed that the heat-sensitive raw milk components responsible for the reduced mast cell activation are likely to have a molecular weight of > 37 kDa. The present study demonstrates that raw cow’s milk can also directly affect mast cell activation. These results extend the current knowledge on mechanisms via which raw cow’s milk prevents allergic diseases, which is crucial for the development of new, microbiologically safe, nutritional strategies to reduce allergic diseases.
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21
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Arthur GK, Ehrhardt-Humbert LC, Snider DB, Jania C, Tilley SL, Metcalfe DD, Cruse G. The FcεRIβ homologue, MS4A4A, promotes FcεRI signal transduction and store-operated Ca 2+ entry in human mast cells. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109617. [PMID: 32240745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Members of the membrane spanning 4A (MS4A) gene family are clustered around 11q12-13, a region linked to allergy and asthma susceptibility. Other than the known functions of FcεRIβ (MS4A2) and CD20 (MS4A1) in mast cell and B cell signaling, respectively, functional studies for the remaining MS4A proteins are lacking. We thus explored whether MS4A4A, a mast cell expressed homologue of FcεRIβ, has related functions to FcεRIβ in FcεRI signaling. We establish in this study that MS4A4A promotes phosphorylation of PLCγ1, calcium flux and degranulation in response to IgE-mediated crosslinking of FcεRI. We previously demonstrated that MS4A4A promotes recruitment of KIT into caveolin-1-enriched microdomains and signaling through PLCγ1. Caveolin-1 itself is an important regulator of IgE-dependent store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and promotes expression of the store-operated Ca2+ channel pore-forming unit, Orai1. We thus further report that MS4A4A functions through interaction with caveolin-1 and recruitment of FcεRI and KIT into lipid rafts. In addition to proximal FcεRI signaling, we similarly show that MS4A4A regulates Orai1-mediated calcium entry downstream of calcium release from stores. Both MS4A4A and Orai1 had limited effects with compound 48/80 stimulation, demonstrating some degree of selectivity of both proteins to FcεRI receptor signaling over Mas-related G Protein coupled receptor X2 signaling. Overall, our data are consistent with the conclusion that MS4A4A performs a related function to the homologous FcεRIβ to promote PLCγ1 signaling, SOCE, and degranulation through FcεRI in human mast cells and thus represents a new target in the regulation of IgE-mediated mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer K Arthur
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lauren C Ehrhardt-Humbert
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Douglas B Snider
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Corey Jania
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephen L Tilley
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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22
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Draberova L, Draberova H, Potuckova L, Halova I, Bambouskova M, Mohandas N, Draber P. Cytoskeletal Protein 4.1R Is a Positive Regulator of the FcεRI Signaling and Chemotaxis in Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3068. [PMID: 31993060 PMCID: PMC6970983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1R, a member of the 4.1 family, functions as a bridge between cytoskeletal and plasma membrane proteins. It is expressed in T cells, where it binds to a linker for activation of T cell (LAT) family member 1 and inhibits its phosphorylation and downstream signaling events after T cell receptor triggering. The role of the 4.1R protein in cell activation through other immunoreceptors is not known. In this study, we used 4.1R-deficient (4.1R-KO) and 4.1R wild-type (WT) mice and explored the role of the 4.1R protein in the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) signaling in mast cells. We found that bone marrow mast cells (BMMCs) derived from 4.1R-KO mice showed normal growth in vitro and expressed FcεRI and c-KIT at levels comparable to WT cells. However, 4.1R-KO cells exhibited reduced antigen-induced degranulation, calcium response, and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α. Chemotaxis toward antigen and stem cell factor (SCF) and spreading on fibronectin were also reduced in 4.1R-KO BMMCs, whereas prostaglandin E2-mediated chemotaxis was not affected. Antibody-induced aggregation of tetraspanin CD9 inhibited chemotaxis toward antigen in WT but not 4.1R-KO BMMCs, implying a CD9-4.1R protein cross-talk. Further studies documented that in the absence of 4.1R, antigen-mediated phosphorylation of FcεRI β and γ subunits was not affected, but phosphorylation of SYK and subsequent signaling events such as phosphorylation of LAT1, phospholipase Cγ1, phosphatases (SHP1 and SHIP), MAP family kinases (p38, ERK, JNK), STAT5, CBL, and mTOR were reduced. Immunoprecipitation studies showed the presence of both LAT1 and LAT2 (LAT, family member 2) in 4.1R immunocomplexes. The positive regulatory role of 4.1R protein in FcεRI-triggered activation was supported by in vivo experiments in which 4.1R-KO mice showed the normal presence of mast cells in the ears and peritoneum, but exhibited impaired passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The combined data indicate that the 4.1R protein functions as a positive regulator in the early activation events after FcεRI triggering in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Potuckova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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23
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Xiong X, Lee CF, Li W, Yu J, Zhu L, Kim Y, Zhang H, Sun H. Acid Sphingomyelinase regulates the localization and trafficking of palmitoylated proteins. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040311. [PMID: 31142470 PMCID: PMC6826292 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In human, loss of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM/SMPD1) causes Niemann–Pick disease, type A. ASM hydrolyzes sphingomyelins to produce ceramides but protein targets of ASM remain largely unclear. Our mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses have identified >100 proteins associated with the ASM-dependent, detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (lipid rafts), with >60% of these proteins being palmitoylated, including SNAP23, Src-family kinases Yes and Lyn, and Ras and Rab family small GTPases. Inactivation of ASM abolished the presence of these proteins in the plasma membrane, with many of them trapped in the Golgi. While palmitoylation inhibitors and palmitoylation mutants phenocopied the effects of ASM inactivation, we demonstrated that ASM is required for the transport of palmitoylated proteins, such as SNAP23 and Lyn, from the Golgi to the plasma membrane without affecting palmitoylation directly. Importantly, ASM delivered extracellularly can regulate the trafficking of SNAP23 from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Our studies suggest that ASM, acting at the plasma membrane to produce ceramides, regulates the localization and trafficking of the palmitoylated proteins. Summary: Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) regulates palmitoylated protein trafficking and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | - Chia-Fang Lee
- Protea Biosciences, 1311 Pineview drive, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | - Jiekai Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | - Linyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | - Yongsoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
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24
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Park YH, Kim DK, Kim HS, Lee D, Lee MB, Min KY, Jo MG, Lee JE, Kim YM, Choi WS. WZ3146 inhibits mast cell Lyn and Fyn to reduce IgE-mediated allergic responses in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114763. [PMID: 31526816 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play an important role as effector cells that cause allergic responses in allergic diseases. For these reasons, MC is considered an attractive therapeutic target for allergic disease treatment. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of WZ3146, N-[3-[5-chloro-2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enamide, and the mechanisms of its actions on the MC activation and IgE-mediated allergic response by using three types of MCs such as rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells, mouse bone marrow mast cells (BMMCs), and human Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 (LAD2) cells. WZ3146 inhibited antigen-stimulated degranulation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50, ~ 0.35 μM for RBL-2H3 cells; ~ 0.39 μM for BMMCs; ~ 0.41 for LAD2 cells). WZ3146 also suppressed the production of histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, which mediate various allergic responses, in a dose-dependent manner. As the mechanism of WZ3146 to inhibit MCs, it inhibited the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and the downstream signaling proteins of Syk such as linker for activation of T cell (LAT) and phospholipase (PL) Cγ1 in the signaling pathway of FcεRI. In addition, WZ3146 inhibited the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, WZ3146 did not inhibit degranulation of MCs by thapsigargin or ionomycin, which increase calcium concentration in cytosol. Notably, WZ3146 inhibited the activity of Lyn and Fyn, but not Syk. In an following animal experiment, WZ3146 inhibited IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in a dose-dependent manner (ED50, ~ 20 mg/kg). Taken together, in this study we show that the pyrimidine derivative, WZ3146, inhibits the IgE-mediated allergic response by inhibiting Lyn and Fyn Src-family kinases, which are initially activated by antigen stimulation in MCs. Therefore, we propose that WZ3146 could be used as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Bum Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
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Proteomic Analysis of Lipid Rafts from RBL-2H3 Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163904. [PMID: 31405203 PMCID: PMC6720779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are highly ordered membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and certain proteins. They are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in diverse cell types, including mast cells (MCs). The MC lipid raft protein composition was assessed using qualitative mass spectrometric characterization of the proteome from detergent-resistant membrane fractions from RBL-2H3 MCs. Using two different post-isolation treatment methods, a total of 949 lipid raft associated proteins were identified. The majority of these MC lipid raft proteins had already been described in the RaftProtV2 database and are among highest cited/experimentally validated lipid raft proteins. Additionally, more than half of the identified proteins had lipid modifications and/or transmembrane domains. Classification of identified proteins into functional categories showed that the proteins were associated with cellular membrane compartments, and with some biological and molecular functions, such as regulation, localization, binding, catalytic activity, and response to stimulus. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated an intimate involvement of identified proteins with various aspects of MC biological processes, especially those related to regulated secretion, organization/stabilization of macromolecules complexes, and signal transduction. This study represents the first comprehensive proteomic profile of MC lipid rafts and provides additional information to elucidate immunoregulatory functions coordinated by raft proteins in MCs.
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Winkler M, Wrensch F, Bosch P, Knoth M, Schindler M, Gärtner S, Pöhlmann S. Analysis of IFITM-IFITM Interactions by a Flow Cytometry-Based FRET Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163859. [PMID: 31398796 PMCID: PMC6719045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins 1–3 (IFITM1–3) inhibit host cell entry of several viruses. However, it is incompletely understood how IFITM1–3 exert antiviral activity. Two phenylalanine residues, F75 and F78, within the intramembrane domain 1 (IM1) were previously shown to be required for IFITM3/IFITM3 interactions and for inhibition of viral entry, suggesting that IFITM/IFITM interactions might be pivotal to antiviral activity. Here, we employed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay to analyze IFITM/IFITM interactions. For assay calibration, we equipped two cytosolic, non-interacting proteins, super yellow fluorescent protein (SYFP) and super cyan fluorescent protein (SCFP), with signals that target proteins to membrane rafts and also analyzed a SCFP-SYFP fusion protein. This strategy allowed us to discriminate background signals resulting from colocalization of proteins at membrane subdomains from signals elicited by protein–protein interactions. Coexpression of IFITM1–3 and IFITM5 fused to fluorescent proteins elicited strong FRET signals, and mutation of F75 and F78 in IFITM3 (mutant IFITM3-FF) abrogated antiviral activity, as expected, but did not alter cellular localization and FRET signals. Moreover, IFITM3-FF co-immunoprecipitated efficiently with wild type (wt) IFITM3, lending further support to the finding that lack of antiviral activity of IFITM3-FF was not due to altered membrane targeting or abrogated IFITM3-IFITM3 interactions. Collectively, we report an assay that allows quantifying IFITM/IFITM interactions. Moreover, we confirm residues F75 and F78 as critical for antiviral activity but also show that these residues are dispensable for IFITM3 membrane localization and IFITM3/IFITM3 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascale Bosch
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maike Knoth
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gärtner
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Qian F, Zhang L, Lu S, Mao G, Guo F, Liu P, Xu J, Li Y. Scrodentoid A Inhibits Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Response by Blocking the Lyn-FcεRIβ Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31156646 PMCID: PMC6532554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mast cells are considered an attractive therapeutic target for treating allergic diseases, and the Lyn–FcεRIβ interaction is essential for mast cell activation. This study investigated the antiallergic effect of scrodentoid A (SA) on mast cells and mast cell–mediated anaphylaxis. Methods: For in vitro experiments, mast cells were treated with SA. Cell proliferation was tested using the XTT assay. The mRNA expression of various cytokines and chemokines was measured using qPCR. The levels of histamine, eicosanoids (PGD2, LTC4), and cytokines were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Signaling was investigated using Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. For in vivo experiments, the antiallergic activity of SA was evaluated using two mouse models of passive anaphylaxis as passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. The mechanism was investigated through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results: SA considerably inhibited immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated mast cell activation, including β-hexosaminidase release, mRNA and protein expression of various cytokines, and PGD2 and LTC4 release. Oral administration of SA effectively and dose-dependently suppressed mast cell–mediated passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. SA significantly attenuated the activation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, PLCγ, JNK, Erk1/2, and Ca2+ mobilization without Fyn, Akt, and P38 activation by blocking the Lyn–FcεRIβ interaction. Conclusions: SA suppresses mast cell–mediated allergic response by blocking the Lyn–FcεRIβ interaction in vitro and in vivo. SA may be a promising therapeutic agent for allergic and other mast cell–related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaodong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaohui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Halova I, Bambouskova M, Draberova L, Bugajev V, Draber P. The transmembrane adaptor protein NTAL limits mast cell chemotaxis toward prostaglandin E2. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/556/eaao4354. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis of mast cells is one of the crucial steps in their development and function. Non–T cell activation linker (NTAL) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that inhibits the activation of mast cells and B cells in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Here, we studied the role of NTAL in the migration of mouse mast cells stimulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Although PGE2 does not induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of NTAL, unlike IgE immune complex antigens, we found that loss of NTAL increased the chemotaxis of mast cells toward PGE2. Stimulation of mast cells that lacked NTAL with PGE2 enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. In resting NTAL-deficient mast cells, phosphorylation of an inhibitory threonine in ERM family proteins accompanied increased activation of β1-containing integrins, which are features often associated with increased invasiveness in tumors. Rescue experiments indicated that only full-length, wild-type NTAL restored the chemotaxis of NTAL-deficient cells toward PGE2. Together, these data suggest that NTAL is a key inhibitor of mast cell chemotaxis toward PGE2, which may act through the RHOA/ERM/β1-integrin and PI3K/AKT axes.
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29
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Maziarz M, Broselid S, DiGiacomo V, Park JC, Luebbers A, Garcia-Navarrete L, Blanco-Canosa JB, Baillie GS, Garcia-Marcos M. A biochemical and genetic discovery pipeline identifies PLCδ4b as a nonreceptor activator of heterotrimeric G-proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16964-16983. [PMID: 30194280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that heterotrimeric G-proteins can be activated by cytoplasmic proteins that share an evolutionarily conserved sequence called the Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. This mechanism provides an alternative to canonical activation by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and plays important roles in cell function, and its dysregulation is linked to diseases such as cancer. Here, we describe a discovery pipeline that uses biochemical and genetic approaches to validate GBA candidates identified by sequence similarity. First, putative GBA motifs discovered in bioinformatics searches were synthesized on peptide arrays and probed in batch for Gαi3 binding. Then, cDNAs encoding proteins with Gαi3-binding sequences were expressed in a genetically-modified yeast strain that reports mammalian G-protein activity in the absence of GPCRs. The resulting GBA motif candidates were characterized by comparison of their biochemical, structural, and signaling properties with those of all previously described GBA motifs in mammals (GIV/Girdin, DAPLE, Calnuc, and NUCB2). We found that the phospholipase Cδ4 (PLCδ4) GBA motif binds G-proteins with high affinity, has guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity in vitro, and activates G-protein signaling in cells, as indicated by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensors of G-protein activity. Interestingly, the PLCδ4 isoform b (PLCδ4b), which lacks the domains required for PLC activity, bound and activated G-proteins more efficiently than the full-length isoform a, suggesting that PLCδ4b functions as a G-protein regulator rather than as a PLC. In summary, we have identified PLCδ4 as a nonreceptor activator of G-proteins and established an experimental pipeline to discover and characterize GBA motif-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Stefan Broselid
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Vincent DiGiacomo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Alex Luebbers
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Lucia Garcia-Navarrete
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Juan B Blanco-Canosa
- the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain, and
| | - George S Baillie
- the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
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30
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Potuckova L, Draberova L, Halova I, Paulenda T, Draber P. Positive and Negative Regulatory Roles of C-Terminal Src Kinase (CSK) in FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation, Independent of the Transmembrane Adaptor PAG/CSK-Binding Protein. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1771. [PMID: 30116247 PMCID: PMC6082945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) is a major negative regulator of Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) that play critical roles in immunoreceptor signaling. CSK is brought in contiguity to the plasma membrane-bound SFKs via binding to transmembrane adaptor PAG, also known as CSK-binding protein. The recent finding that PAG can function as a positive regulator of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-mediated mast cell signaling suggested that PAG and CSK have some non-overlapping regulatory functions in mast cell activation. To determine the regulatory roles of CSK in FcεRI signaling, we derived bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with reduced or enhanced expression of CSK from wild-type (WT) or PAG knockout (KO) mice and analyzed their FcεRI-mediated activation events. We found that in contrast to PAG-KO cells, antigen-activated BMMCs with CSK knockdown (KD) exhibited significantly higher degranulation, calcium response, and tyrosine phosphorylation of FcεRI, SYK, and phospholipase C. Interestingly, FcεRI-mediated events in BMMCs with PAG-KO were restored upon CSK silencing. BMMCs with CSK-KD/PAG-KO resembled BMMCs with CSK-KD alone. Unexpectedly, cells with CSK-KD showed reduced kinase activity of LYN and decreased phosphorylation of transcription factor STAT5. This was accompanied by impaired production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in antigen-activated cells. In line with this, BMMCs with CSK-KD exhibited enhanced phosphorylation of protein phosphatase SHP-1, which provides a negative feedback loop for regulating phosphorylation of STAT5 and LYN kinase activity. Furthermore, we found that in WT BMMCs SHP-1 forms complexes containing LYN, CSK, and STAT5. Altogether, our data demonstrate that in FcεRI-activated mast cells CSK is a negative regulator of degranulation and chemotaxis, but a positive regulator of adhesion to fibronectin and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Some of these pathways are not dependent on the presence of PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Potuckova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Paulenda
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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31
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Rubíková Z, Sulimenko V, Paulenda T, Dráber P. Mast Cell Activation and Microtubule Organization Are Modulated by Miltefosine Through Protein Kinase C Inhibition. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1563. [PMID: 30038620 PMCID: PMC6046399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play an effector role in innate immunity, allergy, and inflammation. Antigen-mediated activation of mast cells initiates signaling events leading to Ca2+ response and the release of inflammatory and allergic mediators from granules. Diseases associated with deregulated mast cell functions are hard to treat and there is an increasing demand for new therapeutic strategies. Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is a new candidate for treatment of mast cell-driven diseases as it inhibits activation of mast cells. It has been proposed that miltefosine acts as a lipid raft modulator through its interference with the structural organization of surface receptors in the cell membrane. However, molecular mechanisms of its action are not fully understood. Here, we report that in antigen-activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), miltefosine inhibits degranulation, reorganization of microtubules, as well as antigen-induced chemotaxis. While aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation of IgE receptors were suppressed in activated cells pre-treated with miltefosine, overall tyrosine phosphorylation levels of Lyn and Syk kinases, and Ca2+ influx were not inhibited. In contrast, lipid raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin attenuated the Ca2+ influx. Tagged-miltefosine rapidly localized into the cell interior, and live-cell imaging of BMMCs with labeled intracellular granules disclosed that miltefosine inhibited movement of some granules. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays revealed that miltefosine inhibited Ca2+- and diacylglycerol-regulated conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) isoforms that are important for mast cell degranulation. Inhibition of cPKCs by specific inhibitor Ly333531 affected activation of BMMCs in the same way as miltefosine. Collectively, our data suggest that miltefosine modulates mast cells both at the plasma membrane and in the cytosol by inhibition of cPKCs. This alters intracellular signaling pathway(s) directed to microtubules, degranulation, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Rubíková
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vadym Sulimenko
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Paulenda
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Lipid rafts promote liver cancer cell proliferation and migration by up-regulation of TLR7 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63856-63869. [PMID: 27588480 PMCID: PMC5325409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immune responses and TLR signaling has been associated with various chronic liver diseases. Lipid rafts provide the necessary microenvironment for certain specialized signaling events to take place, such as the innate immune recognition. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of TLR7 expression in HCC, how to recruit TLR7 into lipid rafts responded to ligands and whether targeting TLR7 might have beneficial effects. The study group was comprised of 130 human liver tissues: 23 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 18 liver cirrhosis (LC), 68 HCC and 21 normal livers. The expression of TLR7 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Proliferation and migration of human HepG2 cells were studied following stimulation of TLR7 using the agonist gardiquimod and inhibition with a specific antagonist 20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD). The activation of lipid raft-associated TLR7 signaling was measured using western blotting, double immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation in liver tissues and HepG2 cells. TLR7 expression was up-regulated in human HCC tissues and hepatoma cell line. Proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells in vitro increased significantly in response to stimulation of TLR7. TLR7 inhibition using aPPD significantly reduced HepG2 cell migration in vitro. The lipid raft protein caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 were involved with enhanced TLR7 signaling in HCC.
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced on stimulation of many cell surface receptors and serves as an intracellular messenger in the regulation of diverse physiological events, mostly by oxidizing cysteine residues of effector proteins. Mammalian cells express multiple H2O2-eliminating enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin (Prx). A conserved cysteine in Prx family members is the site of oxidation by H2O2. Peroxiredoxins possess a high-affinity binding site for H2O2 that is lacking in catalase and GPx and which renders the catalytic cysteine highly susceptible to oxidation, with a rate constant several orders of magnitude greater than that for oxidation of cysteine in most H2O2 effector proteins. Moreover, Prxs are abundant and present in all subcellular compartments. The cysteines of most H2O2 effectors are therefore at a competitive disadvantage for reaction with H2O2. Recent Advances: Here we review intracellular sources of H2O2 as well as H2O2 target proteins classified according to biochemical and cellular function. We then highlight two strategies implemented by cells to overcome the kinetic disadvantage of most target proteins with regard to H2O2-mediated oxidation: transient inactivation of local Prx molecules via phosphorylation, and indirect oxidation of target cysteines via oxidized Prx. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Recent studies suggest that only a small fraction of the total pools of Prxs and H2O2 effector proteins localized in specific subcellular compartments participates in H2O2 signaling. Development of sensitive tools to selectively detect phosphorylated Prxs and oxidized effector proteins is needed to provide further insight into H2O2 signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 537-557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- 1 Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- 2 College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- 3 Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea
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34
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Ohgaki R, Teramura Y, Hayashi D, Quan L, Okuda S, Nagamori S, Takai M, Kanai Y. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging of cell surface pH by poly(ethylene glycol)-phospholipid conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17484. [PMID: 29235482 PMCID: PMC5727509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physiological and pathological processes are accompanied with the alteration of pH at extracellular juxtamembrane region. Accordingly, the methods to analyze the cell surface pH have been demanded in biological and medical sciences. In this study, we have established a novel methodology for cell surface pH imaging using poly(ethylene glycol)-phospholipid (PEG-lipid) as a core structure of ratiometric fluorescent probes. PEG-lipid is a synthetic amphiphilic polymer originally developed for the cell surface modification in transplantation therapy. Via its hydrophobic alkyl chains of the phospholipid moiety, PEG-lipid is, when applied extracellularly, spontaneously inserted into the plasma membrane and retained at the surface of the cells. We have demonstrated that the PEG-lipid conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-PEG-lipid) can be used as a sensitive and reversible cell-surface-anchored pH probe between weakly alkaline and acidic pH with an excellent spatiotemporal resolution. The remarkably simple procedure for cell-surface labeling with FITC-PEG-lipid would also be advantageous when considering its application to high-throughput in vitro assay. This study further indicates that various probes useful for the investigation of juxtamembrane environments could also be developed by using PEG-lipid as the core structure for bio-membrane anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daichi Hayashi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lili Quan
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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35
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Abstract
Phagocytosis refers to the active process that allows cells to take up large particulate material upon binding to surface receptors. The discovery of phagocytosis in 1883 by Elie Metchnikoff, leading to the concept that specialized cells are implicated in the defense against microbes, was one of the starting points of the field of immunology. After more than a century of research, phagocytosis is now appreciated to be a widely used process that enables the cellular uptake of a remarkable variety of particles, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, dead cells, and assorted debris and solid materials. Uptake of foreign particles is performed almost exclusively by specialized myeloid cells, commonly termed "professional phagocytes": neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Phagocytosis of microbes not only stops or at least restricts the spread of infection but also plays an important role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of the myeloid cells upon phagocytosis leads to the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that convey signals to a variety of immune cells. Moreover, foreign antigens generated by the degradation of microbes following phagocytosis are loaded onto the major histocompatibility complex for presentation to specific T lymphocytes. However, phagocytosis is not restricted to professional myeloid phagocytes; an expanding diversity of cell types appear capable of engulfing apoptotic bodies and debris, playing a critical role in tissue remodeling and in the clearance of billions of effete cells every day.
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Ng XW, Teh C, Korzh V, Wohland T. The Secreted Signaling Protein Wnt3 Is Associated with Membrane Domains In Vivo: A SPIM-FCS Study. Biophys J 2017; 111:418-429. [PMID: 27463143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt3 is a morphogen that activates the Wnt signaling pathway and regulates a multitude of biological processes ranging from cell proliferation and cell fate specification to differentiation over embryonic induction to neural patterning. Recent studies have shown that the palmitoylation of Wnt3 by Porcupine, a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase, plays a significant role in the intracellular membrane trafficking of Wnt3 and subsequently, its secretion in live zebrafish embryos, where chemical inhibition of Porcupine reduced the membrane-bound and secreted fractions of Wnt3 and eventually led to defective brain development. However, the membrane distribution of Wnt3 in cells remains not fully understood. Here, we determine the membrane organization of functionally active Wnt3-EGFP in cerebellar cells of live transgenic zebrafish embryos and the role of palmitoylation in its organization using single plane illumination microscopy-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (SPIM-FCS), a multiplexed modality of FCS, which generates maps of molecular dynamics, concentration, and interaction of biomolecules. The FCS diffusion law was applied to SPIM-FCS data to study the subresolution membrane organization of Wnt3. We find that at the plasma membrane in vivo, Wnt3 is associated with cholesterol-dependent domains. This association reduces with increasing concentrations of Porcupine inhibitor (C59), confirming the importance of palmitoylation of Wnt3 for its association with cholesterol-dependent domains. Reduction of membrane cholesterol also results in a decrease of Wnt3 association with cholesterol-dependent domains in live zebrafish. This demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, in live vertebrate embryos that Wnt3 is associated with cholesterol-dependent domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cathleen Teh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Dong Y, Wu H, Dong J, Song K, Rahman HA, Towner R, Chen H. Mimetic peptide of ubiquitin-interacting motif of epsin as a cancer therapeutic-perspective in brain tumor therapy through regulating VEGFR2 signaling. VESSEL PLUS 2017; 1:3-11. [PMID: 29905336 PMCID: PMC5997290 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2016.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epsins, endocytic adaptor proteins required for internalization of ubiquitylated receptors, are generally upregulated in human cancers. It has been characterized that mice deficient of epsins in the endothelium inhibit tumor growth by dysregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) signaling and non-productive tumor angiogenesis. Binding of the epsin ubiquitin (Ub)-interacting motif (UIM) with ubiquitylated VEGFR2 is a critical mechanism for epsin-dependent VEGFR2 endocytosis and degradation, indicative of epsin UIM as a potential therapeutic target. A Computer Assisted Drug Design approach was utilized to create the UIM mimetic peptides for the functional competition of epsin binding sites in ubiquitylated VEGFR2 in vivo. Specifically targeting VEGFR2 in the tumor vasculature, the chemically synthesized chimeric UIM peptide, UPI, causes non-functional tumor angiogenesis, retards tumor growth, and increases survival rates in several tumor models. The authors showed that UPI binds ubiquitylated VEGFR2 to form a supercomplex in an Ub-dependent fashion. Collectively, the UPI targeting strategy offers a potentially novel treatment for cancer patients who are resistant to current anti-angiogenic therapies. In this review, the authors outline the main points of this research specifically as a potential application for glioma tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerry Dong
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kai Song
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Habibunnabi Ashiqur Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rheal Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Borzęcka-Solarz K, Dembińska J, Hromada-Judycka A, Traczyk G, Ciesielska A, Ziemlińska E, Świątkowska A, Kwiatkowska K. Association of Lyn kinase with membrane rafts determines its negative influence on LPS-induced signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1147-1159. [PMID: 28228554 PMCID: PMC5391190 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and triggers proinflammatory reactions of macrophages. TLR4 signaling is negatively regulated by Lyn tyrosine kinase, provided the kinase accumulates in membrane rafts as a result of palmitoylation, the catalytic activity, and SH2- and SH3-mediated intermolecular interactions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the component of Gram-negative bacteria that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to trigger proinflammatory responses. We examined the involvement of Lyn tyrosine kinase in TLR4 signaling of macrophages, distinguishing its catalytic activity and intermolecular interactions. For this, a series of Lyn-GFP constructs bearing point mutations in particular domains of Lyn were overexpressed in RAW264 macrophage-like cells or murine peritoneal macrophages, and their influence on LPS-induced responses was analyzed. Overproduction of wild-type or constitutively active Lyn inhibited production of TNF-α and CCL5/RANTES cytokines and down-regulated the activity of NFκB and IRF3 transcription factors in RAW264 cells. The negative influence of Lyn was nullified by point mutations of Lyn catalytic domain or Src homology 2 (SH2) or SH3 domains or of the cysteine residue that undergoes LPS-induced palmitoylation. Depending on the cell type, overproduction of those mutant forms of Lyn could even up-regulate LPS-induced responses, and this effect was reproduced by silencing of endogenous Lyn expression. Simultaneously, the Lyn mutations blocked its LPS-induced accumulation in the raft fraction of RAW264 cells. These data indicate that palmitoylation, SH2- and SH3-mediated intermolecular interactions, and the catalytic activity of Lyn are required for its accumulation in rafts, thereby determining the negative regulation of TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Borzęcka-Solarz
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Justyna Dembińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Gabriela Traczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ziemlińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Świątkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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Li R, Fang L, Pu Q, Lin P, Hoggarth A, Huang H, Li X, Li G, Wu M. Lyn prevents aberrant inflammatory responses to Pseudomonas infection in mammalian systems by repressing a SHIP-1-associated signaling cluster. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16032. [PMID: 29263906 PMCID: PMC5661651 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic Src kinase Lyn has critical roles in host defense in alveolar macrophages against bacterial infection, but the underlying mechanism for Lyn-mediated inflammatory response remains largely elusive. Using mouse Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection models, we observed that Lyn-/- mice manifest severe lung injury and enhanced inflammatory responses, compared with wild-type littermates. We demonstrate that Lyn exerts this immune function through interaction with IL-6 receptor and cytoskeletal protein Ezrin via its SH2 and SH3 domains. Depletion of Lyn results in excessive STAT3 activation, and enhanced the Src homology 2-containing inositol-5-phopsphatase 1 (SHIP-1) expression. Deletion of SHIP-1 in Lyn-/- mice (double knockout) promotes mouse survival and reduces inflammatory responses during P. aeruginosa infection, revealing the rescue of the deadly infectious phenotype in Lyn deficiency. Mechanistically, loss of SHIP-1 reduces NF-κB-dependent cytokine production and dampens MAP kinase activation through a TLR4-independent PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings reveal Lyn as a regulator for host immune response against P. aeruginosa infection through SHIP-1 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P.R., China
| | - Lizhu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Austin Hoggarth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Inflammation and Allergic Disease Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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Parag-Sharma K, Leyme A, DiGiacomo V, Marivin A, Broselid S, Garcia-Marcos M. Membrane Recruitment of the Non-receptor Protein GIV/Girdin (Gα-interacting, Vesicle-associated Protein/Girdin) Is Sufficient for Activating Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27098-27111. [PMID: 27864364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GIV (aka Girdin) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates heterotrimeric G protein signaling downstream of RTKs and integrins, thereby serving as a platform for signaling cascade cross-talk. GIV is recruited to the cytoplasmic tail of receptors upon stimulation, but the mechanism of activation of its G protein regulatory function is not well understood. Here we used assays in humanized yeast models and G protein activity biosensors in mammalian cells to investigate the role of GIV subcellular compartmentalization in regulating its ability to promote G protein signaling. We found that in unstimulated cells GIV does not co-fractionate with its substrate G protein Gαi3 on cell membranes and that constitutive membrane anchoring of GIV in yeast cells or rapid membrane translocation in mammalian cells via chemically induced dimerization leads to robust G protein activation. We show that membrane recruitment of the GIV "Gα binding and activating" motif alone is sufficient for G protein activation and that it does not require phosphomodification. Furthermore, we engineered a synthetic protein to show that recruitment of the GIV "Gα binding and activating" motif to membranes via association with active RTKs, instead of via chemically induced dimerization, is also sufficient for G protein activation. These results reveal that recruitment of GIV to membranes in close proximity to its substrate G protein is a major mechanism responsible for the activation of its G protein regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Anthony Leyme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Vincent DiGiacomo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Arthur Marivin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Stefan Broselid
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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41
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Song K, Wu H, Rahman HNA, Dong Y, Wen A, Brophy ML, Wong S, Kwak S, Bielenberg DR, Chen H. Endothelial epsins as regulators and potential therapeutic targets of tumor angiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:393-398. [PMID: 27572288 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
VEGF-driven tumor angiogenesis has been validated as a central target in several tumor types deserving of continuous and further considerations to improve the efficacy and selectivity of the current therapeutic paradigms. Epsins, a family of endocytic clathrin adaptors, have been implicated in regulating endothelial cell VEGFR2 signaling, where its inactivation leads to nonproductive leaky neo-angiogenesis and, therefore, impedes tumor development and progression. Targeting endothelial epsins is of special significance due to its lack of affecting other angiogenic-signaling pathways or disrupting normal quiescent vessels, suggesting a selective modulation of tumor angiogenesis. This review highlights seminal findings on the critical role of endothelial epsins in tumor angiogenesis and their underlying molecular events, as well as strategies to prohibit the normal function of endogenous endothelial epsins that capitalize on these newly understood mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - H N Ashiqur Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aiyun Wen
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sukyoung Kwak
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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42
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Kelher MR, McLaughlin NJD, Banerjee A, Elzi DJ, Gamboni F, Khan SY, Meng X, Mitra S, Silliman CC. LysoPCs induce Hck- and PKCδ-mediated activation of PKCγ causing p47phox phosphorylation and membrane translocation in neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:261-273. [PMID: 27531930 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0813-420rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) are effective polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming agents implicated in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). LysoPCs cause ligation of the G2A receptor, cytosolic Ca2+ flux, and activation of Hck. We hypothesize that lysoPCs induce Hck-dependent activation of protein kinase C (PKC), resulting in phosphorylation and membrane translocation of 47 kDa phagocyte oxidase protein (p47phox). PMNs, human or murine, were primed with lysoPCs and were smeared onto slides and examined by digital microscopy or separated into subcellular fractions or whole-cell lysates. Proteins were immunoprecipitated or separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotted for proteins of interest. Wild-type (WT) and PKCγ knockout (KO) mice were used in a 2-event model of TRALI. LysoPCs induced Hck coprecipitation with PKCδ and PKCγ and the PKCδ:PKCγ complex also had a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)+ interaction with lipid rafts and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein 2 (WAVE2). PKCγ then coprecipitated with p47phox Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation (IP), specific inhibitors, intracellular depletion of PKC isoforms, and PMNs from PKCγ KO mice demonstrated that Hck elicited activation/Tyr phosphorylation (Tyr311 and Tyr525) of PKCδ, which became Thr phosphorylated (Thr507). Activated PKCδ then caused activation of PKCγ, both by Tyr phosphorylation (Τyr514) and Ser phosphorylation, which induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of p47phox In PKCγ KO PMNs, lysoPCs induced Hck translocation but did not evidence a FRET+ interaction between PKCδ and PKCγ nor prime PMNs. In WT mice, lysoPCs served as the second event in a 2-event in vivo model of TRALI but did not induce TRALI in PKCγ KO mice. We conclude that lysoPCs prime PMNs through Hck-dependent activation of PKCδ, which stimulates PKCγ, resulting in translocation of phosphorylated p47phox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R Kelher
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Nathan J D McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - David J Elzi
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Samina Y Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Sanchayita Mitra
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Christopher C Silliman
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado, USA; .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Halova I, Draber P. Tetraspanins and Transmembrane Adaptor Proteins As Plasma Membrane Organizers-Mast Cell Case. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:43. [PMID: 27243007 PMCID: PMC4861716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane contains diverse and specialized membrane domains, which include tetraspanin-enriched domains (TEMs) and transmembrane adaptor protein (TRAP)-enriched domains. Recent biophysical, microscopic, and functional studies indicated that TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains are involved in compartmentalization of physicochemical events of such important processes as immunoreceptor signal transduction and chemotaxis. Moreover, there is evidence of a cross-talk between TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains. In this review we discuss the presence and function of such domains and their crosstalk using mast cells as a model. The combined data based on analysis of selected mast cell-expressed tetraspanins [cluster of differentiation (CD)9, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD151)] or TRAPs [linker for activation of T cells (LAT), non-T cell activation linker (NTAL), and phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (PAG)] using knockout mice or specific antibodies point to a diversity within these two families and bring evidence of the important roles of these molecules in signaling events. An example of this diversity is physical separation of two TRAPs, LAT and NTAL, which are in many aspects similar but show plasma membrane location in different microdomains in both non-activated and activated cells. Although our understanding of TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains is far from complete, pharmaceutical applications of the knowledge about these domains are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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New Regulatory Roles of Galectin-3 in High-Affinity IgE Receptor Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1366-82. [PMID: 26929198 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00064-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) in mast cells initiates activation events that lead to degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators. To better understand the signaling pathways and genes involved in mast cell activation, we developed a high-throughput mast cell degranulation assay suitable for RNA interference experiments using lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivery. We tested 432 shRNAs specific for 144 selected genes for effects on FcεRI-mediated mast cell degranulation and identified 15 potential regulators. In further studies, we focused on galectin-3 (Gal3), identified in this study as a negative regulator of mast cell degranulation. FcεRI-activated cells with Gal3 knockdown exhibited upregulated tyrosine phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase and several other signal transduction molecules and enhanced calcium response. We show that Gal3 promotes internalization of IgE-FcεRI complexes; this may be related to our finding that Gal3 is a positive regulator of FcεRI ubiquitination. Furthermore, we found that Gal3 facilitates mast cell adhesion and motility on fibronectin but negatively regulates antigen-induced chemotaxis. The combined data indicate that Gal3 is involved in both positive and negative regulation of FcεRI-mediated signaling events in mast cells.
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45
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Kittelberger N, Breunig M, Martin R, Knölker HJ, Miklavc P. The role of myosin 1c and myosin 1b in surfactant exocytosis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1685-96. [PMID: 26940917 PMCID: PMC4852769 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin and actin-associated proteins have a pivotal effect on regulated exocytosis in secretory cells and influence pre-fusion as well as post-fusion stages of exocytosis. Actin polymerization on secretory granules during the post-fusion phase (formation of an actin coat) is especially important in cells with large secretory vesicles or poorly soluble secretions. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells secrete hydrophobic lipo-protein surfactant, which does not easily diffuse from fused vesicles. Previous work showed that compression of actin coat is necessary for surfactant extrusion. Here, we investigate the role of class 1 myosins as possible linkers between actin and membranes during exocytosis. Live-cell microscopy showed translocation of fluorescently labeled myosin 1b and myosin 1c to the secretory vesicle membrane after fusion. Myosin 1c translocation was dependent on its pleckstrin homology domain. Expression of myosin 1b and myosin 1c constructs influenced vesicle compression rate, whereas only the inhibition of myosin 1c reduced exocytosis. These findings suggest that class 1 myosins participate in several stages of ATII cell exocytosis and link actin coats to the secretory vesicle membrane to influence vesicle compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kittelberger
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - René Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Pika Miklavc
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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46
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Draberova L, Paulenda T, Halova I, Potuckova L, Bugajev V, Bambouskova M, Tumova M, Draber P. Ethanol Inhibits High-Affinity Immunoglobulin E Receptor (FcεRI) Signaling in Mast Cells by Suppressing the Function of FcεRI-Cholesterol Signalosome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144596. [PMID: 26658290 PMCID: PMC4686000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol has multiple effects on biochemical events in a variety of cell types, including the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI) signaling in antigen-activated mast cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. To get better understanding of the effect of ethanol on FcεRI-mediated signaling we examined the effect of short-term treatment with non-toxic concentrations of ethanol on FcεRI signaling events in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. We found that 15 min exposure to ethanol inhibited antigen-induced degranulation, calcium mobilization, expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-13), and formation of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. Removal of cellular cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin had a similar effect and potentiated some of the inhibitory effects of ethanol. In contrast, exposure of the cells to cholesterol-saturated methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished in part the inhibitory effect of ethanol on calcium response and production of reactive oxygen species, supporting lipid-centric theories of ethanol action on the earliest stages of mast cell signaling. Further studies showed that exposure to ethanol and/or removal of cholesterol inhibited early FcεRI activation events, including tyrosine phosphorylation of the FcεRI β and γ subunits, SYK kinases, LAT adaptor protein, phospholipase Cγ, STAT5, and AKT and internalization of aggregated FcεRI. Interestingly, ethanol alone, and particularly in combination with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, enhanced phosphorylation of negative regulatory tyrosine 507 of LYN kinase. Finally, we found that ethanol reduced passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice, suggesting that ethanol also inhibits FcεRI signaling under in vivo conditions. The combined data indicate that ethanol interferes with early antigen-induced signaling events in mast cells by suppressing the function of FcεRI-cholesterol signalosomes at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Draberova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (LD); (PD)
| | - Tomas Paulenda
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Halova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Potuckova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Bugajev
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Tumova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Draber
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (LD); (PD)
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47
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Dong Y, Wu H, Rahman HNA, Liu Y, Pasula S, Tessneer KL, Cai X, Liu X, Chang B, McManus J, Hahn S, Dong J, Brophy ML, Yu L, Song K, Silasi-Mansat R, Saunders D, Njoku C, Song H, Mehta-D'Souza P, Towner R, Lupu F, McEver RP, Xia L, Boerboom D, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Motif mimetic of epsin perturbs tumor growth and metastasis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4349-64. [PMID: 26571402 DOI: 10.1172/jci80349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is critical for cancer progression. In multiple murine models, endothelium-specific epsin deficiency abrogates tumor progression by shifting the balance of VEGFR2 signaling toward uncontrolled tumor angiogenesis, resulting in dysfunctional tumor vasculature. Here, we designed a tumor endothelium-targeting chimeric peptide (UPI) for the purpose of inhibiting endogenous tumor endothelial epsins by competitively binding activated VEGFR2. We determined that the UPI peptide specifically targets tumor endothelial VEGFR2 through an unconventional binding mechanism that is driven by unique residues present only in the epsin ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) and the VEGFR2 kinase domain. In murine models of neoangiogenesis, UPI peptide increased VEGF-driven angiogenesis and neovascularization but spared quiescent vascular beds. Further, in tumor-bearing mice, UPI peptide markedly impaired functional tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis, resulting in a notable increase in survival. Coadministration of UPI peptide with cytotoxic chemotherapeutics further sustained tumor inhibition. Equipped with localized tumor endothelium-specific targeting, our UPI peptide provides potential for an effective and alternative cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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48
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Inhibition of AMPK through Lyn-Syk-Akt enhances FcεRI signal pathways for allergic response. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:183-94. [PMID: 26373430 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED AMPK was shown to negatively regulate FcεRI activation, and FcεR-mediated Fyn activation can counteract the LKB1/AMPK axis in mast cells. However, the relationship between the major Src family kinase Lyn and AMPK remains poorly defined. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism for AMPK inhibition by FcεRI-Lyn signaling in rat RBL-2H3 cells. We found that FcεRI activation could rapidly inhibit AMPK activation through increased AMPK phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser485/491 residues without a change at the activating Th172 residue, and this was accompanied by a reduction of ACC phosphorylation. Using specific inhibitors and gene silencing, we found that such AMPK inhibition involved a signaling cascade through Lyn-Syk-Akt. When AMPK was activated by AICAR, A769662 and metformin, FcεRI-mediated Syk, ERK, JNK and p38 activation, and TNFα release were all inhibited. Consistently, AMPK inhibition by compound C increased FcεRI-mediated Lyn activation. Moreover, AMPK activation dominantly impaired IgE-induced recruitment of signal proteins to the FcεRI by blocking the formation of FcεRIβ-Lyn-Syk, FcεRIγ-Lyn-Syk, and AMPK-FcεRIβ complexes. In vitro kinase assay further revealed the ability of AMPKα2 to phosphorylate FcεRIβ in the complex. In vivo, AMPK activation by metformin could readily reduce vascular permeability and ear swelling in a mouse model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mediated by IgE. In summary, our findings demonstrate that IgE-mediated FcεRI activation results in AMPK inhibition through activation of Lyn-Syk-Akt pathway, and as such FcεRI receptor can efficiently propagate Lyn-mediated allergic signaling and response. These results provide important insights into the use of AMPK activators for the treatment of allergic diseases. KEY MESSAGES AMPK is inhibited by FcεRI via Lyn-Syk-Akt signaling in RBL-2H3 cells. AMPK inhibition supports FcεRI-mediated Lyn signaling and allergic response. Metformin has inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
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49
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Sulimenko V, Hájková Z, Černohorská M, Sulimenko T, Sládková V, Dráberová L, Vinopal S, Dráberová E, Dráber P. Microtubule Nucleation in Mouse Bone Marrow–Derived Mast Cells Is Regulated by the Concerted Action of GIT1/βPIX Proteins and Calcium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4099-111. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Cruse G, Beaven MA, Music SC, Bradding P, Gilfillan AM, Metcalfe DD. The CD20 homologue MS4A4 directs trafficking of KIT toward clathrin-independent endocytosis pathways and thus regulates receptor signaling and recycling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1711-27. [PMID: 25717186 PMCID: PMC4436782 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-07-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MS4A4 traffics through endocytic recycling pathways and stabilizes surface KIT expression by regulating endocytosis and recycling. Silencing MS4A4 reduces KIT recruitment to lipid raft microdomains and PLCg1 signaling while promoting AKT signaling, cell migration, and proliferation. This study is the first to describe functions for human MS4A4. MS4A family members differentially regulate the cell cycle, and aberrant, or loss of, expression of MS4A family proteins has been observed in colon and lung cancer. However, the precise functions of MS4A family proteins and their mechanistic interactions remain unsolved. Here we report that MS4A4 facilitates trafficking of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT through endocytic recycling rather than degradation pathways by a mechanism that involves recruitment of KIT to caveolin-1–enriched microdomains. Silencing of MS4A4 in human mast cells altered ligand-induced KIT endocytosis pathways and reduced receptor recycling to the cell surface, thus promoting KIT signaling in the endosomes while reducing that in the plasma membrane, as exemplified by Akt and PLCγ1 phosphorylation, respectively. The altered endocytic trafficking of KIT also resulted in an increase in SCF-induced mast cell proliferation and migration, which may reflect altered signaling in these cells. Our data reveal a novel function for MS4A family proteins in regulating trafficking and signaling, which could have implications in both proliferative and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Cruse
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael A Beaven
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen C Music
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair M Gilfillan
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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