1
|
Guyénard L, Tauber M, Debord-Peguet S, Berard F, Nosbaum A, Hacard F, Castells M, Nicolas JF. Case Report: Mast cell anergy: absence of symptoms after accidental re-exposure to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 3 days after anaphylaxis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1366922. [PMID: 38529125 PMCID: PMC10961332 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1366922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Empty mast cell syndrome, also named post anaphylaxis mast cell anergy (PAMA), is a temporary state of loss of mast cell responsiveness after a severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction. In this study, we describe a case of PAMA after accidental re-exposure to amoxicillin in a patient who developed severe anaphylaxis to this drug three days earlier in the operating room. To our knowledge, this report is the second to document this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loris Guyénard
- Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Tauber
- Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Debord-Peguet
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
- Service d’Anesthésie-Réanimation Civilo-Militaire, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Berard
- Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Hacard
- Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Mariana Castells
- Drug Hypersensitivity and Desensitization Center, Mastocytosis Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- TeamEpidermal Immunity and Allergy, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1—Inserm U1111—CNRS—ENS, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee J, Robinson ME, Sun R, Kume K, Ma N, Cosgun KN, Chan LN, Leveille E, Geng H, Vykunta VS, Shy BR, Marson A, Katz S, Chen J, Paietta E, Meffre E, Vaidehi N, Müschen M. Dynamic phosphatase-recruitment controls B-cell selection and oncogenic signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532151. [PMID: 36993276 PMCID: PMC10054997 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of B-cell receptor (BCR) 1 signaling, and subsequent antigen-encounter in germinal centers 2,3 represent milestones of B-lymphocyte development that are both marked by sharp increases of CD25 surface-expression. Oncogenic signaling in B-cell leukemia (B-ALL) 4 and lymphoma 5 also induced CD25-surface expression. While CD25 is known as an IL2-receptor chain on T- and NK-cells 6-9 , the significance of its expression on B-cells was unclear. Our experiments based on genetic mouse models and engineered patient-derived xenografts revealed that, rather than functioning as an IL2-receptor chain, CD25 expressed on B-cells assembled an inhibitory complex including PKCδ and SHIP1 and SHP1 phosphatases for feedback control of BCR-signaling or its oncogenic mimics. Recapitulating phenotypes of genetic ablation of PKCδ 10 - 12 , SHIP1 13,14 and SHP1 14, 15,16 , conditional CD25-deletion decimated early B-cell subsets but expanded mature B-cell populations and induced autoimmunity. In B-cell malignancies arising from early (B-ALL) and late (lymphoma) stages of B-cell development, CD25-loss induced cell death in the former and accelerated proliferation in the latter. Clinical outcome annotations mirrored opposite effects of CD25-deletion: high CD25 expression levels predicted poor clinical outcomes for patients with B-ALL, in contrast to favorable outcomes for lymphoma-patients. Biochemical and interactome studies revealed a critical role of CD25 in BCR-feedback regulation: BCR-signaling induced PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of CD25 on its cytoplasmic tail (S 268 ). Genetic rescue experiments identified CD25-S 268 tail-phosphorylation as central structural requirement to recruit SHIP1 and SHP1 phosphatases to curb BCR-signaling. A single point mutation CD25 S268A abolished recruitment and activation of SHIP1 and SHP1 to limit duration and strength of BCR-signaling. Loss of phosphatase-function, autonomous BCR-signaling and Ca 2+ -oscillations induced anergy and negative selection during early B-cell development, as opposed to excessive proliferation and autoantibody production in mature B-cells. These findings highlight the previously unrecognized role of CD25 in assembling inhibitory phosphatases to control oncogenic signaling in B-cell malignancies and negative selection to prevent autoimmune disease.
Collapse
|
3
|
Haslem L, Hays JM, Hays FA. p66Shc in Cardiovascular Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111855. [PMID: 35681549 PMCID: PMC9180016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is a widely expressed protein that governs a variety of cardiovascular pathologies by generating, and exacerbating, pro-apoptotic ROS signals. Here, we review p66Shc’s connections to reactive oxygen species, expression, localization, and discuss p66Shc signaling and mitochondrial functions. Emphasis is placed on recent p66Shc mitochondrial function discoveries including structure/function relationships, ROS identity and regulation, mechanistic insights, and how p66Shc-cyt c interactions can influence p66Shc mitochondrial function. Based on recent findings, a new p66Shc mitochondrial function model is also put forth wherein p66Shc acts as a rheostat that can promote or antagonize apoptosis. A discussion of how the revised p66Shc model fits previous findings in p66Shc-mediated cardiovascular pathology follows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Landon Haslem
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jennifer M. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
- Stephenson Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teegala LR, Elshoweikh Y, Gudneppanavar R, Thodeti S, Pokhrel S, Southard E, Thodeti CK, Paruchuri S. Protein Kinase C α and β compensate for each other to promote stem cell factor-mediated KIT phosphorylation, mast cell viability and proliferation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22273. [PMID: 35349200 PMCID: PMC9298465 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101838rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) develop from hematopoietic progenitors and differentiate into mature MCs that reside within connective or mucosal tissues. Though the number of MCs in tissues usually remains constant, inflammation and asthma disturb this homeostasis, leading to proliferation of MCs. Understanding the signaling events behind this proliferative response could lead to the development of novel strategies for better management of allergic diseases. MC survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration are all maintained by a MC growth factor, stem cell factor (SCF) via its receptor, KIT. Here, we explored how protein kinase C (PKC) redundancy influences MC proliferation in bone marrow‐derived MC (BMMC). We found that SCF activates PKCα and PKCβ isoforms, which in turn modulates KIT phosphorylation and internalization. Further, PKCα and PKCβ activate p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and this axis subsequently regulates SCF‐induced MC cell proliferation. To ascertain the individual roles of PKCα and PKCβ, we knocked down either PKCα or PKCβ or both via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and analyzed KIT phosphorylation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and MC viability and proliferation. To our surprise, downregulation of neither PKCα nor PKCβ affected MC viability and proliferation. In contrast, blocking both PKCα and PKCβ significantly attenuated SCF‐induced cell viability and proliferation, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ compensate for each other downstream of SCF signaling to enhance MC viability and proliferation. Our results not only suggest that PKC classical isoforms are novel therapeutic targets for SCF/MC‐mediated inflammatory and allergic diseases, but they also emphasize the importance of inhibiting both PKCα and β isoforms simultaneously to prevent MC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sabita Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik Southard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles K Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim YK, Hammerling U. The mitochondrial PKCδ/retinol signal complex exerts real-time control on energy homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158614. [PMID: 31927141 PMCID: PMC7347429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on the role of vitamin A (retinol) in the control of energy homeostasis, and on the manner in which certain retinoids subvert this process, leading potentially to disease. In eukaryotic cells, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is negatively regulated by four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) and two antagonistically acting pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases (PDPs). The second isoform, PDK2, is regulated by an autonomous mitochondrial signal cascade that is anchored on protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), where retinoids play an indispensible co-factor role. Along with its companion proteins p66Shc, cytochrome c, and vitamin A, the PKCδ/retinol complex is located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. At this site, and in contrast to cytosolic locations, PKCδ is activated by the site-specific oxidation of its cysteine-rich activation domain (CRD) that is configured into a complex RING-finger. Oxidation involves the transfer of electrons from cysteine moieties to oxidized cytochrome c, a step catalyzed by vitamin A. The PKCδ/retinol signalosome monitors the internal cytochrome c redox state that reflects the workload of the respiratory chain. Upon sensing demands for energy PKCδ signals the PDHC to increase glucose-derived fuel flux entering the KREBS cycle. Conversely, if excessive fuel flux surpasses the capacity of the respiratory chain, threatening the release of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), the polarity of the cytochrome c redox system is reversed, resulting in the chemical reduction of the PKCδ CRD, restoration of the RING-finger, refolding of PKCδ into the inactive, globular form, and curtailment of PDHC output, thereby constraining the respiratory capacity within safe margins. Several retinoids, notably anhydroretinol and fenretinide, capable of displacing retinol from binding sites on PKCδ, can co-activate PKCδ signaling but, owing to their extended system of conjugated double bonds, are unable to silence PKCδ in a timely manner. Left in the ON position, PKCδ causes chronic overload of the respiratory chain leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review explores how defects in the PKCδ signal machinery potentially contribute to metabolic and degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kyung Kim
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ulrich Hammerling
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ether lipid metabolism by AADACL1 regulates platelet function and thrombosis. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3818-3828. [PMID: 31770438 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery of a novel lipid deacetylase in platelets, arylacetamide deacetylase-like 1 (AADACL1/NCEH1), and that its inhibition impairs agonist-induced platelet aggregation, Rap1 GTP loading, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and ex vivo thrombus growth. However, precise mechanisms by which AADACL1 impacts platelet signaling and function in vivo are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AADACL1 regulates the accumulation of ether lipids that impact PKC signaling networks crucial for platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. Human platelets treated with the AADACL1 inhibitor JW480 or the AADACL1 substrate 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (HAG) exhibited decreased platelet aggregation, granule secretion, Ca2+ flux, and PKC phosphorylation. Decreased aggregation and secretion were rescued by exogenous adenosine 5'-diphosphate, indicating that AADACL1 likely functions to induce dense granule secretion. Experiments with P2Y12-/- and CalDAG GEFI-/- mice revealed that the P2Y12 pathway is the predominate target of HAG-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. HAG itself displayed weak agonist properties and likely mediates its inhibitory effects via conversion to a phosphorylated metabolite, HAGP, which directly interacted with the C1a domains of 2 distinct PKC isoforms and blocked PKC kinase activity in vitro. Finally, AADACL1 inhibition in rats reduced platelet aggregation, protected against FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis, and delayed tail bleeding time. In summary, our data support a model whereby AADACL1 inhibition shifts the platelet ether lipidome to an inhibitory axis of HAGP accumulation that impairs PKC activation, granule secretion, and recruitment of platelets to sites of vascular damage.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohamed OE, Baretto RL, Walker I, Melchior C, Heslegrave J, Mckenzie R, Hullur C, Ekbote A, Krishna MT. Empty mast cell syndrome: fallacy or fact? J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:250-256. [PMID: 31831575 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-anaphylaxis mast cell anergy (PAMA), commonly referred to as 'empty mast cell (MC) syndrome', is a state of temporary loss of cutaneous MC reactivity in the immediate aftermath of anaphylaxis. Data relating to this condition are sparse and the incidence rate is currently unknown. PAMA has been described only in a few published case reports in the context of hymenoptera venom allergy and perioperative anaphylaxis. Best practice guidelines regarding optimal timing for performing skin tests postanaphylaxis are largely based on expert opinion, and allergy work-up has been recommended after 4-6 weeks postanaphylaxis to avoid false-negative results.This article provides a review of clinical literature surrounding PAMA, critically evaluates intracellular events in MCs from in vitro data and hypothesises regarding plausible immune mechanisms. There are no published data to directly explain molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Although not evidence based, PAMA has been attributed to depletion of MC granules following anaphylaxis. It is also plausible that exposure to high allergen concentrations in anaphylaxis can induce a temporary shift in MCs towards dominance of inhibitory signalling pathways, thus contributing to a state of transient hyporesponsiveness observed in some patients. Other potential contributory factors for reduced MC reactivity include downregulation of FcεRI expression, cross-linking of FcεRI to the inhibitory, low-affinity IgG receptors and administration of pharmacotherapeutic agents for anaphylaxis treatment. It is likely that this interesting phenomenon can be explained by a combination of these proposed mechanisms in addition to other genetic/host factors that have not yet been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar E Mohamed
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard L Baretto
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Walker
- Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cathryn Melchior
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Heslegrave
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth Mckenzie
- Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chidanand Hullur
- Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anjali Ekbote
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee PC, Fang YF, Yamaguchi H, Wang WJ, Chen TC, Hong X, Ke B, Xia W, Wei Y, Zha Z, Wang Y, Kuo HP, Wang CW, Tu CY, Chen CH, Huang WC, Chiang SF, Nie L, Hou J, Chen CT, Huo L, Yang WH, Deng R, Nakai K, Hsu YH, Chang SS, Chiu TJ, Tang J, Zhang R, Wang L, Fang B, Chen T, Wong KK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Targeting PKCδ as a Therapeutic Strategy against Heterogeneous Mechanisms of EGFR Inhibitor Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:954-969.e4. [PMID: 30537515 PMCID: PMC6886126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been identified in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, recurrent resistance to EGFR TKIs due to the heterogeneous mechanisms underlying resistance within a single patient remains a major challenge in the clinic. Here, we report a role of nuclear protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) as a common axis across multiple known TKI-resistance mechanisms. Specifically, we demonstrate that TKI-inactivated EGFR dimerizes with other membrane receptors implicated in TKI resistance to promote PKCδ nuclear translocation. Moreover, the level of nuclear PKCδ is associated with TKI response in patients. The combined inhibition of PKCδ and EGFR induces marked regression of resistant NSCLC tumors with EGFR mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chih Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yueh-Fu Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan City 33069, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Xuan Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Thoracic Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Baozhen Ke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengyu Zha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Cancer Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junwei Hou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rong Deng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 333, Taiwan
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rao TN, Gupta MK, Softic S, Wang LD, Jang YC, Thomou T, Bezy O, Kulkarni RN, Kahn CR, Wagers AJ. Attenuation of PKCδ enhances metabolic activity and promotes expansion of blood progenitors. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.2018100409. [PMID: 30446598 PMCID: PMC6293338 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A finely tuned balance of self‐renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and survival governs the pool size and regenerative capacity of blood‐forming hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we report that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is a critical regulator of adult HSPC number and function that couples the proliferative and metabolic activities of HSPCs. PKCδ‐deficient mice showed a pronounced increase in HSPC numbers, increased competence in reconstituting lethally irradiated recipients, enhanced long‐term competitive advantage in serial transplantation studies, and an augmented HSPC recovery during stress. PKCδ‐deficient HSPCs also showed accelerated proliferation and reduced apoptosis, but did not exhaust in serial transplant assays or induce leukemia. Using inducible knockout and transplantation models, we further found that PKCδ acts in a hematopoietic cell‐intrinsic manner to restrict HSPC number and bone marrow regenerative function. Mechanistically, PKCδ regulates HSPC energy metabolism and coordinately governs multiple regulators within signaling pathways implicated in HSPC homeostasis. Together, these data identify PKCδ as a critical regulator of HSPC signaling and metabolism that acts to limit HSPC expansion in response to physiological and regenerative demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tata Nageswara Rao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo D Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Young C Jang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Thomou
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Bezy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gast M, Preisinger C, Nimmerjahn F, Huber M. IgG-Independent Co-aggregation of FcεRI and FcγRIIB Results in LYN- and SHIP1-Dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of FcγRIIB in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1937. [PMID: 30210494 PMCID: PMC6119721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) follows a bell-shaped dose-response curve. Upon supra-optimal stimulation, mast cell effector responses are down-regulated by inhibitory molecules like the SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase SHIP1 and the SRC-family-kinase LYN. To identify further molecules involved in a negative regulatory signalosome, we screened for proteins showing the same pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation as SHIP1, which is tyrosine-phosphorylated strongest upon supra-optimal antigen (Ag) stimulation. The low-affinity IgG receptor, FcγRIIB, was found to be most strongly phosphorylated under supra-optimal conditions. This phosphorylation is the consequence of passive, Ag/IgE-dependent and progressive co-localization of FcεRI and FcγRIIB, which is not dependent on IgG. Upon supra-optimal FcεRI cross-linking, FcγRIIB phosphorylation is executed by LYN and protected from dephosphorylation by SHIP1. Analysis of FcγRIIB-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells revealed an ambiguous phenotype upon FcεRI cross-linking. Absence of FcγRIIB significantly diminished the level of SHIP1 phosphorylation and resulted in augmented Ca2+ mobilization. Though, degranulation and IL-6 production were only weakly altered. Altogether our data establish the LYN/FcγRIIB/SHIP1 signalosome in the context of FcεRI activation, particularly at supra-optimal Ag concentrations. The fact that SHIP1 tyrosine phosphorylation/activation not only depends on FcγRIIB, highlights the necessity for its tight backup control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gast
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics at the Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Madera-Salcedo IK, Danelli L, Tiwari N, Dema B, Pacreau E, Vibhushan S, Birnbaum J, Agabriel C, Liabeuf V, Klingebiel C, Menasche G, Macias-Silva M, Benhamou M, Charles N, González-Espinosa C, Vitte J, Blank U. Tomosyn functions as a PKCδ-regulated fusion clamp in mast cell degranulation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/537/eaan4350. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Gotru SK, Gil-Pulido J, Beyersdorf N, Diefenbach A, Becker IC, Vögtle T, Remer K, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Hermanns HM, Nieswandt B, Kerkau T, Zernecke A, Braun A. Cutting Edge: Imbalanced Cation Homeostasis in MAGT1-Deficient B Cells Dysregulates B Cell Development and Signaling in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2529-2534. [PMID: 29581357 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cation homeostasis, in relation to various immune-suppressive diseases, is a novel field of investigation. Recently, patients with a loss-of-function mutation in magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) were reported to present a dysregulated Mg2+ homeostasis in T lymphocytes. Using Magt1-knockout mice (Magt1-/y ), we show that Mg2+ homeostasis was impaired in Magt1-/y B cells and Ca2+ influx was increased after BCR stimulation, whereas T and NK cell function was unaffected. Consequently, mutant B cells displayed an increased phosphorylation of BCR-related proteins differentially affecting protein kinase C activation. These in vitro findings translated into increased frequencies of CD19+ B cells and marginal zone B cells and decreased frequencies of plasma cells among CD45+ splenocytes in vivo. Altogether, our study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that abolished MAGT1 function causes imbalanced cation homeostasis and developmental responses in B cells. Therefore, this study might contribute to a further understanding of B cell-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kiran Gotru
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jesus Gil-Pulido
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle C Becker
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Remer
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; .,Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Protein kinase C mechanisms that contribute to cardiac remodelling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1499-510. [PMID: 27433023 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a highly-regulated and reversible process that is precisely controlled by the actions of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Factors that tip the balance of protein phosphorylation lead to changes in a wide range of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases sits at nodal points in many signal transduction pathways; PKC enzymes have been the focus of considerable attention since they contribute to both normal physiological responses as well as maladaptive pathological responses that drive a wide range of clinical disorders. This review provides a background on the mechanisms that regulate individual PKC isoenzymes followed by a discussion of recent insights into their role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer. We then provide an overview on the role of individual PKC isoenzymes in the regulation of cardiac contractility and pathophysiological growth responses, with a focus on the PKC-dependent mechanisms that regulate pump function and/or contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Berg SM, Havelund J, Hasler-Sheetal H, Kruse V, Pedersen AJT, Hansen AB, Nybo M, Beck-Nielsen H, Højlund K, Færgeman NJ. The heterozygous N291S mutation in the lipoprotein lipase gene impairs whole-body insulin sensitivity and affects a distinct set of plasma metabolites in humans. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:515-523.e6. [PMID: 28502509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the lipoprotein lipase gene causing decreased lipoprotein lipase activity are associated with surrogate markers of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in humans. OBJECTIVE We investigated the hypothesis that a heterozygous lipoprotein lipase mutation (N291S) induces whole-body insulin resistance and alterations in the plasma metabolome. METHODS In 6 carriers of a heterozygous lipoprotein lipase mutation (N291S) and 11 age-matched and weight-matched healthy controls, we examined insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps combined with indirect calorimetry. Plasma samples were taken before and after the clamp (4 hours of physiological hyperinsulinemia), and metabolites were measured enzymatically or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, heterozygous carriers of a defective lipoprotein lipase allele had elevated fasting plasma levels triglycerides (P < .006), and markedly impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates (P < .024) and nonoxidative glucose metabolism (P < .015). Plasma metabolite profiling demonstrated lower circulating levels of pyruvic acid and α-tocopherol in the N291S carriers than in controls both before and after stimulation with insulin (all >1.5-fold change and P < .05). CONCLUSION Heterozygous carriers with a defective lipoprotein lipase allele are less insulin sensitive and have increased plasma levels of nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides. The heterozygous N291S carriers also have a distinct plasma metabolomic signature, which may serve as a diagnostic tool for deficient lipoprotein lipase activity and as a marker of lipid-induced insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mikkelsen Berg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Havelund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Harald Hasler-Sheetal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Nordic Center of Earth Evolution, NordCEE, Department of Biology, University of Southern Demark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Kruse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Nybo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; The Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research & Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nils Joakim Færgeman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh BK, Kambayashi T. The Immunomodulatory Functions of Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:96. [PMID: 27656643 PMCID: PMC5013040 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) is critical for promoting immune cell activation, regulation, and function. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ) serves as an important negative regulator of DAG by enzymatically converting DAG into phosphatidic acid (PA) to shut down DAG-mediated signaling. Consequently, the loss of DGKζ increases DAG levels and the duration of DAG-mediated signaling. However, while the enhancement of DAG signaling is thought to augment immune cell function, the loss of DGKζ can result in both immunoactivation and immunomodulation depending on the cell type and function. In this review, we discuss how different immune cell functions can be selectively modulated by DGKζ. Furthermore, we consider how targeting DGKζ can be potentially beneficial for the resolution of human diseases by either promoting immune responses important for protection against infection or cancer or dampening immune responses in immunopathologic conditions such as allergy and septic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenal K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Malmersjö S, Di Palma S, Diao J, Lai Y, Pfuetzner RA, Wang AL, McMahon MA, Hayer A, Porteus M, Bodenmiller B, Brunger AT, Meyer T. Phosphorylation of residues inside the SNARE complex suppresses secretory vesicle fusion. EMBO J 2016; 35:1810-21. [PMID: 27402227 PMCID: PMC5010044 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is essential for eukaryotic life, requiring SNARE proteins to zipper up in an α‐helical bundle to pull two membranes together. Here, we show that vesicle fusion can be suppressed by phosphorylation of core conserved residues inside the SNARE domain. We took a proteomics approach using a PKCB knockout mast cell model and found that the key mast cell secretory protein VAMP8 becomes phosphorylated by PKC at multiple residues in the SNARE domain. Our data suggest that VAMP8 phosphorylation reduces vesicle fusion in vitro and suppresses secretion in living cells, allowing vesicles to dock but preventing fusion with the plasma membrane. Markedly, we show that the phosphorylation motif is absent in all eukaryotic neuronal VAMPs, but present in all other VAMPs. Thus, phosphorylation of SNARE domains is a general mechanism to restrict how much cells secrete, opening the door for new therapeutic strategies for suppression of secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Malmersjö
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Di Palma
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Lai
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Pfuetzner
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Austin L Wang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Moira A McMahon
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel T Brunger
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037; ,
| | - Kok-Fai Kong
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037; ,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han SC, Kang NJ, Yoon WJ, Kim S, Na MC, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Lee NH, Ko MH, Kang HK, Yoo ES. External Application of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, Isolated from Sargassum muticum, Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:109-14. [PMID: 27123161 PMCID: PMC4843979 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, edema, and infiltration with various inflammatory cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, isolated from Sargassum muticum, have been described in many diseases, but the mechanism by which it modulates the immune system is poorly understood. In this study, the ability of Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone to suppress allergic reactions was investigated using a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. The Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone-treated group showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin E in serum. Also, Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone treatment resulted in a smaller lymph node size with reduced the thickness and length compared to the induction group. In addition, Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone inhibited the expression of interleukin-4, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin-stimulated lymphocytes. These results suggest that Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Na-Jin Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju, Korea
| | - Sejin Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Min-Chull Na
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Nam-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Ko
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huber M, Gibbs BF. SHIP1 and the negative control of mast cell/basophil activation by supra-optimal antigen concentrations. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
PKCδ promotes high glucose induced renal tubular oxidative damage via regulating activation and translocation of p66Shc. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:746531. [PMID: 25371776 PMCID: PMC4211144 DOI: 10.1155/2014/746531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal tubular injury by overproduction of ROS in mitochondria plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DKD. Evidences have shown that p66Shc was involved in renal tubular injury via mitochondrial-dependent ROS production pathway, but little is known about the upstream signaling of p66Shc that leads to tubular oxidative damage under high glucose conditions. In this study, an increased PKCδ and p66Shc activation and ROS production in renal tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy were seen and further analysis revealed a positive correlation between the tubulointerstitial damage and p-PKCδ, p-p66Shc, and ROS production. In vitro, we investigated the phosphorylation and activation of p66Shc and PKCδ during treatment of HK-2 cells with high glucose (HG). Results showed that the activation of p66Shc and PKCδ was increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and this effect was suppressed by Rottlerin, a pharmacologic inhibitor of PKCδ. Moreover, PKCδ siRNA partially blocked HG-induced p66Shc phosphorylation, translocation, and ROS production in HK-2 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that activation of PKCδ promotes tubular cell injury through regulating p66Shc phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation in HG ambient.
Collapse
|
21
|
Borriello F, Granata F, Varricchi G, Genovese A, Triggiani M, Marone G. Immunopharmacological modulation of mast cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 17:45-57. [PMID: 25063971 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells produce a wide spectrum of mediators and they have been implicated in several physiopathological conditions (e.g. allergic reactions and certain tumors). Pharmacologic agents that modulate the release of mediators from mast cells has helped to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms by which immunological and non-immunological stimuli activate these cells. Furthermore, the study of surface receptors and signaling pathways associated with mast cell activation revealed novel pharmacologic targets. Thus, the development of pharmacologic agents based on this new wave of knowledge holds promise for the treatment of several mast cell-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reber LL, Frossard N. Targeting mast cells in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:416-35. [PMID: 24486828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although mast cells have long been known to play a critical role in anaphylaxis and other allergic diseases, they also participate in some innate immune responses and may even have some protective functions. Data from the study of mast cell-deficient mice have facilitated our understanding of some of the molecular mechanisms driving mast cell functions during both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review presents an overview of the biology of mast cells and their potential involvement in various inflammatory diseases. We then discuss some of the current pharmacological approaches used to target mast cells and their products in several diseases associated with mast cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent L Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident sentinels of hematopoietic origin that play a prominent role in allergic diseases. They express the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI), which when cross-linked by multivalent antigens triggers the release of preformed mediators, generation of arachidonic acid metabolites, and the synthesis of cytokines and chemokines. Stimulation of the FcεRI with increasing antigen concentrations follows a characteristic bell-shaped dose-responses curve. At high antigen concentrations, the so-called supra-optimal conditions, repression of FcεRI-induced responses is facilitated by activation and incorporation of negative signaling regulators. In this context, the SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase, SHIP1, has been demonstrated to be of particular importance. SHIP1 with its catalytic and multiple protein interaction sites provides several layers of control for FcεRI signaling. Regulation of SHIP1 function occurs on various levels, e.g., protein expression, receptor and membrane recruitment, competition for protein-protein interaction sites, and activating modifications enhancing the phosphatase function. Apart from FcεRI-mediated signaling, SHIP1 can be activated by diverse unrelated receptor systems indicating its involvement in the regulation of antigen-dependent cellular responses by autocrine feedback mechanisms or tissue-specific and/or (patho-) physiologically determined factors. Thus, pharmacologic engagement of SHIP1 may represent a beneficial strategy for patients suffering from acute or chronic inflammation or allergies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Han SC, Kang GJ, Ko YJ, Kang HK, Moon SW, Ann YS, Yoo ES. External Application of Fermented Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Oil Alleviates Inflammatory Responses in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzeneinduced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model. Toxicol Res 2013; 28:159-64. [PMID: 24278605 PMCID: PMC3834415 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2012.28.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by edema and infiltration with various inflammatory cells such as mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and T cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is produced mainly by epidermal keratinocytes, as well as dermal fibroblasts and mast cells in the skin lesions of AD. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil can reduce inflammation in allergic patients. Fermentation has a tremendous capacity to transform chemical structures. The antiinflammatory effects of fish oil have been described in many diseases, but the beneficial effects by which fermented olive flounder oil (FOF) modulates the allergic response is poorly understood. In this study, we produced FOF and tested its ability to suppress the various allergic inflammatory responses. The ability of FOF to modulate the immune system was investigated using a mouse model of AD. The FOF-treated group showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine in serum. Also, the increased TSLP expression was significantly inhibited in the FOF group; the FOF-treated group was not appreciably different from the hydrocort cream treatment group. In addition, FOF treatment resulted in a smaller spleen size with reduced the thickness and length compared to the induction group. Splenocytes from mice treated with FOF produced significantly less IFN-γ, IL-4, T-box transcription factor (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) expression compared with the induction group. These results suggest that FOF may be effective in treating the allergic symptoms of AD. 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, , Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Granzyme D is a novel murine mast cell protease that is highly induced by multiple pathways of mast cell activation. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2085-94. [PMID: 23529614 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00290-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are serine proteases known mostly for their role in the induction of apoptosis. Granzymes A and B have been extensively studied, but relatively little is known about granzymes C to G and K to M. T cells, lymphohematopoietic stromal cells, and granulated metrial gland cells express granzyme D, but the function of granzyme D is unknown. Here we show that granzyme D is expressed by murine mast cells and that its level of expression correlates positively with the extent of mast cell maturation. Coculture of mast cells with live, Gram-positive bacteria caused a profound, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent induction of granzyme D expression. Granzyme D expression was also induced by isolated bacterial cell wall components, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan, and by stem cell factor, IgE receptor cross-linking, and calcium ionophore stimulation. Granzyme D was released into the medium in response to mast cell activation. Granzyme D induction was dependent on protein kinase C and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Together, these findings identify granzyme D as a novel murine mast cell protease and implicate granzyme D in settings where mast cells are activated, such as bacterial infection and allergy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Huber M. Activation/Inhibition of mast cells by supra-optimal antigen concentrations. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:7. [PMID: 23339289 PMCID: PMC3598417 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue resident cells of hemopoietic origin and are critically involved in allergic diseases. MCs bind IgE by means of their high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). The FcεRI belongs to a family of multi-chain immune recognition receptors and is activated by cross-linking in response to multivalent antigens (Ags)/allergens. Activation of the FcεRI results in immediate release of preformed granular substances (e.g. histamine, heparin, and proteases), generation of arachidonic acid metabolites, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The FcεRI shows a remarkable, bell-shaped dose-response behavior with weak induction of effector responses at both low and high (so-called supra-optimal) Ag concentrations. This is significantly different from many other receptors, which reach a plateau phase in response to high ligand concentrations. To explain this unusual dose-response behavior of the FcεRI, scientists in the past have drawn parallels to so-called precipitin curves resulting from titration of Ag against a fixed concentration of antibody (Ab) in solution (a.k.a. Heidelberger curves). Thus, for high, supra-optimal Ag concentrations one could assume that every IgE-bound FcεRI formed a monovalent complex with “its own Ag”, thus resulting in marginal induction of effector functions due to absence of receptor cross-linking. However, this was never proven to be the case. More recently, careful studies of FcεRI activation and signaling events in MCs in response to supra-optimal Ag concentrations have suggested a molecular explanation for the descending part of this bell-shaped curve. It is obvious now that extensive FcεRI/IgE/Ag clusters are formed and inhibitory molecules and signalosomes are engaged in response to supra-optimal cross-linking (amongst them the Src family kinase Lyn and the inositol-5′-phosphatase SHIP1) and they actively down-regulate MC effector responses. Thus, the analysis of MC signaling triggered by supra-optimal crosslinking holds great potential for identifying novel targets for pharmacologic therapeutic intervention to benefit patients with acute and chronic allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr, 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carracedo S, Braun U, Leitges M. Expression pattern of protein kinase Cδ during mouse embryogenesis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 13:2. [PMID: 23305608 PMCID: PMC3552935 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family consist of serine/threonine kinases classified according to their regulatory domain. Those that belong to the novel PKC subfamily, such as PKCδ, are dependent on diacylglycerol but not Calcium when considering their catalytic activity. Although several studies have shown the importance of PKCδ in different cellular events in health and disease, the overall in vivo distribution of this PKC isoform during development is still lacking. Through Lac Z and antibody staining procedures, we show here the in vivo expression of PKCδ during mouse embryogenesis. Results Ganglia were the domains with most prominent expression of PKCδ in most of the stages analysed, although PKCδ could also be detected in heart and somites at earlier stages, and cartilage primordium and skin among other sites in older embryos. Conclusions The strong expression of PKCδ in ganglia during murine development shown in this study suggests a significant role of this isoform as well as redundancy with other PKCs within the nervous system, since PKCδ deficient mice develop normally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Carracedo
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li X, Baskin JG, Mangan EK, Su K, Gibson AW, Ji C, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP. The unique cytoplasmic domain of human FcγRIIIA regulates receptor-mediated function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:4284-94. [PMID: 23024279 PMCID: PMC3478424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ligand specificity characterizes receptors for Abs and many other immune receptors, but the common use of the FcR γ-chain as their signaling subunit challenges the concept that these receptors are functionally distinct. We hypothesized that elements for specificity might be determined by the unique cytoplasmic domain (CY) sequences of the ligand-binding α-chains of γ-chain-associated receptors. Among Fcγ receptors, a protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation consensus motif [RSSTR], identified within the FcγRIIIa (CD16A) CY by in silico analysis, is specifically phosphorylated by PKCs, unlike other FcRs. Phosphorylated CD16A mediates a more robust calcium flux, tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, and proinflammatory cytokine production, whereas nonphosphorylatable CD16A is more effective at activation of the Gab2/PI3K pathway, leading to enhanced degranulation. S100A4, a specific protein-binding partner for CD16A-CY newly identified by yeast two-hybrid analysis, inhibits phosphorylation of CD16A-CY by PKC in vitro, and reduction of S100A4 levels in vivo enhances receptor phosphorylation upon cross-linking. Taken together, PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CD16A modulates distinct signaling pathways engaged by the receptor. Calcium-activated binding of S100A4 to CD16A, promoted by the initial calcium flux, attenuates the phosphorylation of CY, and, acting as a molecular switch, may both serve as a negative feedback on cytokine production pathways during sustained receptor engagement and favor a shift to degranulation, consistent with the importance of granule release following conjugate formation between CD16A(+) effector cells and target cells. This switch mechanism points to new therapeutic targets and provides a framework for understanding novel receptor polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have emerged as important regulators of cardiac contraction, hypertrophy, and signaling pathways that influence ischemic/reperfusion injury. This review focuses on newer concepts regarding PKC isoform-specific activation mechanisms and actions that have implications for the development of PKC-targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fermented fish oil suppresses T helper 1/2 cell response in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis via generation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:44. [PMID: 22873180 PMCID: PMC3537649 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is characterized by pruritus and inflammation, is regulated partly through the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play key roles in the immune response by preventing or suppressing the differentiation, proliferation and function of various immune cells, including CD4+ T cells. Recent studies report that fermentation has a tremendous capacity to transform chemical structures or create new substances, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in fish oil can reduce inflammation in allergic patients. The beneficial effects of natural fish oil (NFO) have been described in many diseases, but the mechanism by which fermented fish oil (FFO) modulates the immune system and the allergic response is poorly understood. In this study, we produced FFO and tested its ability to suppress the allergic inflammatory response and to activate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs. Results The ability of FFO and NFO to modulate the immune system was investigated using a mouse model of AD. Administration of FFO or NFO in the drinking water alleviated the allergic inflammation in the skin, and FFO was more effective than NFO. FFO treatment did increase the expression of the immune-suppressive cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. In addition, ingestion of FFO increased Foxp3 expression and the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs compared with NFO. Conclusions These results suggest that the anti-allergic effect of FFO is associated with enrichment of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells at the inflamed sites and that FFO may be effective in treating the allergic symptoms of AD.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sakuma M, Shirai Y, Yoshino KI, Kuramasu M, Nakamura T, Yanagita T, Mizuno K, Hide I, Nakata Y, Saito N. Novel PKCα-mediated phosphorylation site(s) on cofilin and their potential role in terminating histamine release. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3707-21. [PMID: 22855535 PMCID: PMC3442417 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PKCα phosphorylates cofilin at Ser-23 and/or Ser-24 during degranulation, and the novel phosphorylation contributes to F-actin remodeling by regulating the ability of cofilin to bind to 14-3-3ζ and to depolymerize and/or sever F-actin. This highly regulated mechanism is necessary for the proper termination of degranulation. Using specific inhibitors, kinase-negative mutants, and small interfering RNA against protein kinase Cα (PKCα) or PKCβI, we find that PKCβI positively regulates degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia–2H3 cells, whereas PKCα negatively regulates degranulation. Mass spectrometric and mutagenic analyses reveal that PKCα phosphorylates cofilin at Ser-23 and/or Ser-24 during degranulation. Overexpression of a nonphosphorylatable form (S23,24A), but not that of a mutant-mimicking phosphorylated form (S23,24E), increases degranulation. Furthermore, the S23,24A mutant binds to F-actin and retains its depolymerizing and/or cleavage activity; conversely, the S23,24E mutant is unable to sever actin filaments, resulting in F-actin polymerization. In addition, the S23,24E mutant preferentially binds to the 14-3-3ζ protein. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate–phalloidin and simultaneous observation of degranulation, PKC translocation, and actin polymerization reveals that during degranulation, actin polymerization is dependent on PKCα activity. These results indicate that a novel PKCα-mediated phosphorylation event regulates cofilin by inhibiting its ability to depolymerize F-actin and bind to 14-3-3ζ, thereby promoting F-actin polymerization, which is necessary for cessation of degranulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sakuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Mast cells play critical roles in allergic disorders and asthma. The importance of tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2-mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC1/2-mTOR) signaling in mast cells is unknown. Here, we report that TSC1 is a critical regulator for mTOR signaling in mast cells downstream of FcεRI and c-Kit, and differentially controls mast cell degranulation and cytokine production. TSC1-deficiency results in impaired mast cell degranulation, but enhanced cytokine production in vitro and in vivo after FcεRI engagement. Furthermore, TSC1 is critical for mast cell survival through multiple pathways of apoptosis including the down-regulation of p53, miR-34a, reactive oxygen species, and the up-regulation of Bcl-2. Together, these findings reveal that TSC1 is a critical regulator of mast cell activation and survival, suggesting the manipulation of the TSC1/2-mTOR pathway as a therapeutic strategy for mast cell-mediated diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mukherjee O, Weingarten L, Padberg I, Pracht C, Sinha R, Hochdörfer T, Kuppig S, Backofen R, Reth M, Huber M. The SH2-domain of SHIP1 interacts with the SHIP1 C-terminus: impact on SHIP1/Ig-α interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:206-14. [PMID: 22182704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase, SHIP1, negatively regulates signal transduction from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). The mode of coupling between SHIP1 and the BCR has not been elucidated so far. In comparison to wild-type cells, B cells expressing a mutant IgD- or IgM-BCR containing a C-terminally truncated Ig-α respond to pervanadate stimulation with markedly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1 and augmented activation of protein kinase B. This indicates that SHIP1 is capable of interacting with the C-terminus of Ig-α. Employing a system of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in S2 cells, we can clearly demonstrate interaction between the SH2-domain of SHIP1 and Ig-α. Furthermore, a fluorescently labeled SH2-domain of SHIP1 translocates to the plasma membrane in an Ig-α-dependent manner. Interestingly, whereas the SHIP1 SH2-domain can be pulled-down with phospho-peptides corresponding to the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of Ig-α from detergent lysates, no interaction between full-length SHIP1 and the phosphorylated Ig-α ITAM can be observed. Further studies show that the SH2-domain of SHIP1 can bind to the C-terminus of the SHIP1 molecule, most probably by inter- as well as intra-molecular means, and that this interaction regulates the association between different forms of SHIP1 and Ig-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oindrilla Mukherjee
- RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhong XP, Shin J, Gorentla BK, O'Brien T, Srivatsan S, Xu L, Chen Y, Xie D, Pan H. Receptor signaling in immune cell development and function. Immunol Res 2011; 49:109-23. [PMID: 21128010 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-010-8175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell development and function must be tightly regulated through cell surface receptors to ensure proper responses to pathogen and tolerance to self. In T cells, the signal from the T-cell receptor is essential for T-cell maturation, homeostasis, and activation. In mast cells, the high-affinity receptor for IgE transduces signal that promotes mast cell survival and induces mast cell activation. In dendritic cells and macrophages, the toll-like receptors recognize microbial pathogens and play critical roles for both innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens. Our research explores how signaling from these receptors is transduced and regulated to better understand these immune cells. Our recent studies have revealed diacylglycerol kinases and TSC1/2-mTOR as critical signaling molecules/regulators in T cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lipp P, Reither G. Protein kinase C: the "masters" of calcium and lipid. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a004556. [PMID: 21628429 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated and physiological behavior of living cells in an organism critically depends on their ability to interact with surrounding cells and with the extracellular space. For this, cells have to interpret incoming stimuli, correctly process the signals, and produce meaningful responses. A major part of such signaling mechanisms is the translation of incoming stimuli into intracellularly understandable signals, usually represented by second messengers or second-messenger systems. Two key second messengers, namely the calcium ion and signaling lipids, albeit extremely different in nature, play an important and often synergistic role in such signaling cascades. In this report, we will shed some light on an entire family of protein kinases, the protein kinases C, that are perfectly designed to exactly decode these two second messengers in all of their properties and convey the signaling content to downstream processes within the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park SJ, Jung JP, Kim HJ, Lee EA, Kwon TW, Kwon B, Cho HR. Role of Protein Kinase C-delta in Atherosclerosis. Vasc Specialist Int 2011. [DOI: 10.5758/kjves.2011.27.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Jung
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun A Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Tae Won Kwon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hong Rae Cho
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ulivieri C, Fanigliulo D, Masi G, Savino MT, Gamberucci A, Pelicci PG, Baldari CT. p66Shc Is a Negative Regulator of FcεRI-Dependent Signaling in Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5095-106. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
38
|
Guler R, Afshar M, Arendse B, Parihar SP, Revaz-Breton M, Leitges M, Schwegmann A, Brombacher F. PKCδ regulates IL-12p40/p70 production by macrophages and dendritic cells, driving a type 1 healer phenotype in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:706-15. [PMID: 21287553 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family is involved in the regulation of many intracellular signalling pathways. Here, we report that the PKCδ isoform regulates IL-12p40/p70 production in macrophages and DC and that PKCδ deficiency in mice transforms the 129/Sv healer to a non-healer strain during cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania major-infected PKCδ(-/-) 129/Sv mice developed a rapid increase in footpad swelling and parasite burden with disease progression, leading to necrosis and ulceration similar to non-healer BALB/c mice. Moreover, PKCδ(-/-) mice failed to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity responses against Leishmania antigen. PKCδ(-/-) macrophages were fully functional with normal MHC class II surface expression and GM-CSF production, recruitment to the draining lymph node and killing effector functions by NO production. In contrast, macrophages and DC produced significantly reduced IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 compared to the WT cells. Decreased IL-12 production resulted in diminished Th1 differentiation, as determined by a striking reduction in IFN-γ by antigen-specific stimulated CD4(+) T cells isolated from popliteal lymph nodes of L. major-infected PKCδ(-/-) mice, explaining the "non-healer" phenotype. We conclude from these data that PKCδ is a regulator of IL-12p40/p70 production by DC and macrophages, driving the healer phenotype during cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Blank U. The mechanisms of exocytosis in mast cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 716:107-22. [PMID: 21713654 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9533-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation through high affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI), mast cells (MCs) can release up to 100% of their content of preformed mediators stored in cytoplasmic secretory granules by compound exocytosis. This causes Type I immediate hypersensitivity reactions and, in the case of inappropriate activation by allergens, the symptoms of allergy. Recent work has uncovered a central role of SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF) Attachment Protein (SNAP) Receptors) proteins in regulating the numerous membrane fusion events during exocytosis. This has defined a series of new molecular actors in MC exocytosis that participate in the regulation of membrane fusion and the connection of the fusion machinery with early signaling events. The purpose of this chapter is to describe these proteins and provide a brief overview on their mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bousquet SM, Monet M, Boulay G. Protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) on serine 448 causes channel inhibition. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40534-43. [PMID: 20961851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.160051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPC6 is a cation channel in the plasma membrane that plays a role in Ca(2+) entry following the stimulation of a G(q)-protein coupled or tyrosine kinase receptor. A dysregulation of TRPC6 activity causes abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells and glomerulosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of TRPC6 activity by protein kinase C (PKC). We showed that inhibiting PKC with GF1 or activating it with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate potentiated and inhibited agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry, respectively, into cells expressing TRPC6. Similar results were obtained when TRPC6 was directly activated with 1-oleyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol. Activation of the cells with carbachol increased the phosphorylation of TRPC6, an effect that was prevented by the inhibition of PKC. The target residue of PKC was identified by an alanine screen of all canonical PKC sites on TRPC6. Unexpectedly, all the mutants, including TRPC6(S768A) (a residue previously proposed to be a target for PKC), displayed PKC-dependent inhibition of channel activity. Phosphorylation prediction software suggested that Ser(448), in a non-canonical PKC consensus sequence, was a potential target for PKCδ. Ba(2+) and Ca(2+) entry experiments revealed that GF1 did not potentiate TRPC6(S448A) activity. Moreover, activation of PKC did not enhance the phosphorylation state of TRPC6(S448A). Using A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells, which endogenously express TRPC6, we observed that a novel PKC isoform is involved in the inhibition of the vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) entry. Furthermore, knocking down PKCδ in A7r5 cells potentiated vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) entry. In summary, we provide evidence that PKCδ exerts a negative feedback effect on TRPC6 through the phosphorylation of Ser(448).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Bousquet
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Benhamou M, Blank U. Stimulus-secretion coupling by high-affinity IgE receptor: new developments. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4941-8. [PMID: 20851120 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of mast cells through their high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) leads to the secretion of pre- and neoformed soluble mediators through vesicular carriers. This process is highly regulated in order to adapt the secretion of these potentially dangerous factors to the physiological needs. This regulation requires numerous essential effectors that are necessary to transmit the initial signal of FcεRI aggregation and couple it to the sophisticated secretory machinery of membrane fusion. Studies in recent years have led to the discovery of a series of new effector molecules that link FcεRI to secretion. We describe here some of the new developments that have allowed to obtain a clearer picture of stimulus/secretion coupling in mast cells.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang Y, Cao CM, Xiao RP. Kinase activity-independent anchoring function of protein kinase C-{delta}. Focus on "Protein kinase C-{delta} regulates the subcellular localization of Shc in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C733-5. [PMID: 20686076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00301.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
43
|
Guo J, Cong L, Rybin VO, Gertsberg Z, Steinberg SF. Protein kinase C-{delta} regulates the subcellular localization of Shc in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C770-8. [PMID: 20686066 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00170.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) exerts important cardiac actions as a lipid-regulated kinase. There is limited evidence that PKCδ also might exert an additional kinase-independent action as a regulator of the subcellular compartmentalization of binding partners such as Shc (Src homologous and collagen), a family of adapter proteins that play key roles in growth regulation and oxidative stress responses. This study shows that native PKCδ forms complexes with endogenous Shc proteins in H(2)O(2)-treated cardiomyocytes; H(2)O(2) treatment also leads to the accumulation of PKCδ and Shc in a detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal fraction and in mitochondria. H(2)O(2)-dependent recruitment of Shc isoforms to cytoskeletal and mitochondrial fractions is amplified by wild-type-PKCδ overexpression, consistent with the notion that PKCδ acts as a signal-regulated scaffold to anchor Shc in specific subcellular compartments. However, overexpression studies with kinase-dead (KD)-PKCδ-K376R (an ATP-binding mutant of PKCδ that lacks catalytic activity) are less informative, since KD-PKCδ-K376R aberrantly localizes as a constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated enzyme to detergent-insoluble and mitochondrial fractions of resting cardiomyocytes; relatively little KD-PKCδ-K376R remains in the cytosolic fraction. The aberrant localization and tyrosine phosphorylation patterns for KD-PKCδ-K376R do not phenocopy the properties of native PKCδ, even in cells chronically treated with GF109203X to inhibit PKCδ activity. Hence, while KD-PKCδ-K376R overexpression increases Shc localization to the detergent-insoluble and mitochondrial fractions, the significance of these results is uncertain. Our studies suggest that experiments using KD-PKCδ-K376R overexpression as a strategy to competitively inhibit the kinase-dependent actions of native PKCδ or to expose the kinase-independent scaffolding functions of PKCδ should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Univ., 630 West 168 St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Finetti F, Savino MT, Baldari CT. Positive and negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling by the Shc family of protein adapters. Immunol Rev 2010; 232:115-34. [PMID: 19909360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Shc adapter family includes four members that are expressed as multiple isoforms and participate in signaling by a variety of cell-surface receptors. The biological relevance of Shc proteins as well as their variegated function, which relies on their highly conserved modular structure, is underscored by the distinct and dramatic phenotypic alterations resulting from deletion of individual Shc isoforms both in the mouse and in two model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. The p52 isoform of ShcA couples antigen and cytokine receptors to Ras activation in both lymphoid and myeloid cells. However, the recognition of the spectrum of activities of p52ShcA in the immune system has been steadily expanding in recent years to other fundamental processes both at the cell and organism levels. Two other Shc family members, p66ShcA and p52ShcC/Rai, have been identified recently in T and B lymphocytes, where they antagonize survival and attenuate antigen receptor signaling. These developments reveal an unexpected and complex interplay of multiple Shc proteins in lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Finetti
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang J, Mendoza M, Guiraldelli MF, Barbu EA, Siraganian RP. Small interfering RNA screen for phosphatases involved in IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:7178-85. [PMID: 20483767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play pivotal roles in the initiation of the allergic response. To gain an understanding of the functions played by phosphatases in IgE-mediated mast cell activation, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library that targets all mouse phosphatase genes was screened in a mouse mast cell line, MMC-1. Of 198 targets, 10 enhanced and 7 inhibited FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation. For seven of the strongest hits, four different siRNAs per target were tested, and at least two out of the four single siRNA per target had similar effects as the pool suggesting that these were true hits. Bone marrow-derived mast cells from normal mice further validated these results for six definite positive targets. The mechanism of the reduced mast cell degranulation due to calcineurin B deficiency was investigated. Calcineurin B deficiency reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the phosphorylation of protein kinase D/protein kinase Cmu and protein kinase Cdelta, which are involved in FcepsilonRI signaling. The screen, therefore, has identified several new molecules that are critical for FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation. Regulating the function of these proteins may be potential targets for the treatment of allergic inflammation. The result also indicates that the system used is efficient for searching molecules implicated in complex receptor-induced signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Receptors and Signal Transduction Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yamaki K, Yoshino S. Enhancement of FcɛRI-mediated degranulation response in the rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL2H3 by the fluorosurfactants perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 29:183-189. [PMID: 21787600 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two fluorosurfactants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), on degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia RBL2H3 cells was investigated. PFOA and PFOS promoted IgE-mediated release of granule components of RBL2H3 cells at 10-300μM. At low concentrations (<30μM), the fluorosurfactants failed to induce degranulation, but promoted IgE-mediated degranulation without affecting cell viability. The absence of extracellular Ca(2+) removed the promoting effect of the fluorosurfactants on IgE-mediated degranulation. On the other hand, the fluorosurfactants at high concentrations (>100μM) induced release of granule components without IgE-mediated activation in parallel with cell death. Pretreatment of tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate, a protein kinase C activator, inhibited both the promoting effect of the fluorosurfactants at low concentration on IgE-mediated degranulation and cell death-associated granule component release by high concentration of the fluorosurfactants. These findings indicate that PFOA and PFOS affect granule component release of mast cells by two different mechanisms, namely enhancement of active degranulation machinery at low concentrations and cell lysis at high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Acin-Perez R, Hoyos B, Zhao F, Vinogradov V, Fischman DA, Harris RA, Leitges M, Wongsiriroj N, Blaner WS, Manfredi G, Hammerling U. Control of oxidative phosphorylation by vitamin A illuminates a fundamental role in mitochondrial energy homoeostasis. FASEB J 2010; 24:627-36. [PMID: 19812372 PMCID: PMC2812036 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-142281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of two metabolites of vitamin A is understood in substantial detail: retinaldehyde functions as the universal chromophore in the vertebrate and invertebrate eye; retinoic acid regulates a set of vertebrate transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptor superfamily. The third member of this retinoid triumvirate is retinol. While functioning as the precursor of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid, a growing body of evidence suggests a far more fundamental role for retinol in signal transduction. Here we show that retinol is essential for the metabolic fitness of mitochondria. When cells were deprived of retinol, respiration and ATP synthesis defaulted to basal levels. They recovered to significantly higher energy output as soon as retinol was restored to physiological concentration, without the need for metabolic conversion to other retinoids. Retinol emerged as an essential cofactor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), without which this enzyme failed to be activated in mitochondria. Furthermore, retinol needed to physically bind PKCdelta, because mutation of the retinol binding site rendered PKCdelta unresponsive to Rol, while retaining responsiveness to phorbol ester. The PKCdelta/retinol complex signaled the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for enhanced flux of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle. The baseline response was reduced in vitamin A-deficient lecithin:retinol acyl transferase-knockout mice, but this was corrected within 3 h by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin A; this suggests that vitamin A is physiologically important. These results illuminate a hitherto unsuspected role of vitamin A in mitochondrial bioenergetics of mammals, acting as a nutritional sensor. As such, retinol is of fundamental importance for energy homeostasis. The data provide a mechanistic explanation to the nearly 100-yr-old question of why vitamin A deficiency causes so many pathologies that are independent of retinoic acid action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Weill-Cornell Medical School, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tomilov AA, Bicocca V, Schoenfeld RA, Giorgio M, Migliaccio E, Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Pelicci PG, Cortopassi GA. Decreased superoxide production in macrophages of long-lived p66Shc knock-out mice. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1153-65. [PMID: 19892704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.017491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated with extended life span in animal models of longevity. Mice deficient in the p66Shc gene are long-lived, and their cells are both resistant to oxidative stress and produce less ROS. Our microarray analysis of p66Shc(-/-) mouse tissues showed alterations in transcripts involved in heme and superoxide production and insulin signaling. Thus, we carried out analysis of ROS production by NADPH oxidase (PHOX) in macrophages of control and p66Shc knock-out mice. p66Shc(-/-) mice had a 40% reduction in PHOX-dependent superoxide production. To confirm whether the defect in superoxide production was a direct consequence of p66Shc deficiency, p66Shc was knocked down with siRNA in the macrophage cell line RAW264, and a 30% defect in superoxide generation was observed. The pathway of PHOX-dependent superoxide generation was investigated. PHOX protein levels were not decreased in mutant macrophages; however, the rate and extent of phosphorylation of p47phox was decreased in mutants, as was membrane translocation of the complex. Consistently, phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta, Akt, and ERK (the kinases responsible for phosphorylation of p47phox) was decreased. Thus, p66Shc deficiency causes a defect in activation of the PHOX complex that results in decreased superoxide production. p66Shc-deficient mice have recently been observed to be resistant to atherosclerosis and to oxidant injury in kidney and brain. Because phagocyte-derived superoxide is often a component of oxidant injury and inflammation, we suggest that the decreased superoxide production by PHOX in p66Shc-deficient mice could contribute significantly to their relative protection from oxidant injury and consequent longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sakai S, Sugawara T, Matsubara K, Hirata T. Inhibitory effect of carotenoids on the degranulation of mast cells via suppression of antigen-induced aggregation of high affinity IgE receptors. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28172-28179. [PMID: 19700409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been demonstrated to possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is no report that the effects of carotenoids on degranulation of mast cell is critical for type I allergy. In this study, we focused on the effect of carotenoids on antigen-induced degranulation of mast cells. Fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene significantly inhibited the antigen-induced release of beta-hexosaminidase in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Those carotenoids also inhibited antigen-induced aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRI), which is the most upstream of the degranulating signals of mast cells. Furthermore, carotenoids inhibited Fc epsilonRI-mediated intracellular signaling, such as phosphorylation of Lyn kinase and Fyn kinase. It suggests that the inhibitory effect of carotenoids on the degranulation of mast cells were mainly due to suppressing the aggregation of Fc epsilonRI followed by intracellular signaling. In addition, those carotenoids inhibited antigen-induced translocation of Fc epsilonRI to lipid rafts, which are known as platforms of the aggregation of Fc epsilonRI. We assume that carotenoids may modulate the function of lipid rafts and inhibit the translocation of Fc epsilonRI to lipid rafts. This is the first report that focused on the aggregation of Fc epsilonRI to investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects on the degranulation of mast cells and evaluated the functional activity of carotenoids associated with lipid rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Sakai
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502.
| | - Kiminori Matsubara
- Department of Human Life Sciences Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rybin VO, Guo J, Harleton E, Feinmark SJ, Steinberg SF. Regulatory autophosphorylation sites on protein kinase C-delta at threonine-141 and threonine-295. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4642-51. [PMID: 19366211 DOI: 10.1021/bi802171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-delta (PKCdelta) is a Ser/Thr kinase that regulates a wide range of cellular responses. This study identifies novel in vitro PKCdelta autophosphorylation sites at Thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, Thr(218) in the C1A-C1B interdomain, Ser(295), Ser(302), and Ser(304) in the hinge region, and Ser(503) adjacent to Thr(505) in the activation loop. Cell-based studies show that Thr(141) and Thr(295) also are phosphorylated in vivo and that Thr(141) phosphorylation regulates the kinetics of PKCdelta downregulation in COS7 cells. In vitro studies implicate Thr(141) and Thr(295) autophosphorylation as modifications that regulate PKCdelta activity. A T141D substitution markedly increases basal lipid-independent PKCdelta activity; the PKCdelta-T141D mutant is only slightly further stimulated in vitro by PMA treatment, suggesting that Thr(141) phosphorylation relieves autoinhibitory constraints that limit PKCdelta activity. Mutagenesis studies also indicate that a phosphorylation at Thr(295) contributes to the control of PKCdelta substrate specificity. We previously demonstrated that PKCdelta phosphorylates the myofilament protein cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at Ser(23)/Ser(24) when it is allosterically activated by lipid cofactors and that the Thr(505)/Tyr(311)-phosphorylated form of PKCdelta (that is present in assays with Src) acquires as additional activity toward cTnI-Thr(144). Studies reported herein show that a T505A substitution reduces PKCdelta-Thr(295) autophosphorylation and that a T295A substitution leads to a defect in Src-dependent PKCdelta-Tyr(311) phosphorylation and PKCdelta-dependent cTnI-Thr(144) phosphorylation. These results implicate PKCdelta-Thr(295) autophosphorylation as a lipid-dependent modification that links PKCdelta-Thr(505) phosphorylation to Src-dependent regulation of PKCdelta catalytic function. Collectively, these studies identify novel regulatory autophosphorylations on PKCdelta that serve as markers and regulators of PKCdelta activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalyi O Rybin
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|