1
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Ma TS, Worth KR, Maher C, Ng N, Beghè C, Gromak N, Rose AM, Hammond EM. Hypoxia-induced transcriptional stress is mediated by ROS-induced R-loops. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11584-11599. [PMID: 37843099 PMCID: PMC10681727 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis, therapy resistance and metastasis. Radiobiological hypoxia (<0.1% O2) is one of the few physiologically relevant stresses that activates both the replication stress/DNA damage response and the unfolded protein response. Recently, we found that hypoxia also leads to the robust accumulation of R-loops, which led us to question here both the mechanism and consequence of hypoxia-induced R-loops. Interestingly, we found that the mechanism of R-loop accumulation in hypoxia is dependent on non-DNA damaging levels of reactive oxygen species. We show that hypoxia-induced R-loops play a critical role in the transcriptional stress response, evidenced by the repression of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the translocation of nucleolin from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm. Upon depletion of R-loops, we observed a rescue of both rRNA transcription and nucleolin translocation in hypoxia. Mechanistically, R-loops accumulate on the rDNA in hypoxia and promote the deposition of heterochromatic H3K9me2 which leads to the inhibition of Pol I-mediated transcription of rRNA. These data highlight a novel mechanistic insight into the hypoxia-induced transcriptional stress response through the ROS-R-loop-H3K9me2 axis. Overall, this study highlights the contribution of transcriptional stress to hypoxia-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Ma
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katja R Worth
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Conor Maher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Natalie Ng
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chiara Beghè
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Natalia Gromak
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Anna M Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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2
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Wolfová K, Otevřelová P, Holoubek A, Brodská B. Nucleolar phosphoprotein modifications as a marker of apoptosis induced by RITA treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119501. [PMID: 37276927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactivating p53 and Inducing Tumor Apoptosis (RITA) has been reported to increase the p53 activity and to trigger p53-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells with wild-type p53. Tumor suppressor p53 interacts with nucleolar phosphoproteins nucleophosmin (NPM) and nucleolin (NCL), which have crucial role in many cellular processes. Specific NPM mutations associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cause aberrant localization of NPM and p53 in the cytoplasm with possible impact on the p53 function. We tested an effect of RITA on primary cells, and we found significant RITA-induced changes in NPM and NCL phosphorylation associated with apoptosis in cells of AML patients, but not that of healthy donors. Subsequent screening of several AML cell lines revealed heterogeneous response to RITA, and confirmed an association of the specific phosphorylation with apoptosis. While decreased NCL phosphorylation at Threonines T76 and T84 could be attributed to RITA-induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced NPM phosphorylation at Threonine T199 was not accompanied by the cell cycle changes and it correlated with sensitivity to RITA. Simultaneously, inverse changes occurred at Serine S4 of the NPM. These new findings of RITA mechanism of action could establish the NPM pT199/pS4 ratio as a marker for suitability of RITA treatment of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Wolfová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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3
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Nguyen T, Mills JC, Cho CJ. The coordinated management of ribosome and translation during injury and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1186638. [PMID: 37427381 PMCID: PMC10325863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1186638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse acute and chronic injuries induce damage responses in the gastrointestinal (GI) system, and numerous cell types in the gastrointestinal tract demonstrate remarkable resilience, adaptability, and regenerative capacity in response to stress. Metaplasias, such as columnar and secretory cell metaplasia, are well-known adaptations that these cells make, the majority of which are epidemiologically associated with an elevated cancer risk. On a number of fronts, it is now being investigated how cells respond to injury at the tissue level, where diverse cell types that differ in proliferation capacity and differentiation state cooperate and compete with one another to participate in regeneration. In addition, the cascades or series of molecular responses that cells show are just beginning to be understood. Notably, the ribosome, a ribonucleoprotein complex that is essential for translation on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the cytoplasm, is recognized as the central organelle during this process. The highly regulated management of ribosomes as key translational machinery, and their platform, rough endoplasmic reticulum, are not only essential for maintaining differentiated cell identity, but also for achieving successful cell regeneration after injury. This review will cover in depth how ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and translation are regulated and managed in response to injury (e.g., paligenosis), as well as why this is essential for the proper adaptation of a cell to stress. For this, we will first discuss how multiple gastrointestinal organs respond to stress through metaplasia. Next, we will cover how ribosomes are generated, maintained, and degraded, in addition to the factors that govern translation. Finally, we will investigate how ribosomes and translation machinery are dynamically regulated in response to injury. Our increased understanding of this overlooked cell fate decision mechanism will facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal tract tumors, focusing on ribosomes and translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Charles J. Cho
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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4
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Nuclear α-Synuclein-Derived Cytotoxic Effect via Altered Ribosomal RNA Processing in Primary Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032132. [PMID: 36768455 PMCID: PMC9917353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is an important player in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. The aggregation of αSyn is mainly formed in the cytoplasm, whereas some αSyn accumulation has also been found in the nuclei of neurons. To assess the effect of nuclear αSyn, we generated αSyn conjugated with a nuclear export signal (NES) or a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and compared them with wild-type αSyn in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) using DNA transfection. Overexpression of NLS-αSyn increased cytotoxicity. The levels of apoptotic markers were increased by NLS-αSyn in MEF. Interestingly, an increase in the levels of 40S ribosomal protein 15 was observed in MEF expressing NLS-αSyn. These MEF also showed a higher 28S/18S rRNA ratio. Intriguingly, the expression of NLS-αSyn in MEF enhanced segmentation of nucleolin (NCL)-positive nucleolar structures. We also observed that the downregulation of NCL, using shRNA, promoted a relatively higher 28S/18S rRNA ratio. The reduction in NCL expression accelerated the accumulation of αSyn, and NCL transfection enhanced the degradation of αSyn. These results suggest that nuclear αSyn contributes to the alteration in ribosomal RNA processing via NCL malfunction-mediated nucleolar segmentation, and that NCL is a key factor for the degradation of αSyn.
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Sakthivel D, Brown-Suedel A, Bouchier-Hayes L. The role of the nucleolus in regulating the cell cycle and the DNA damage response. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:203-241. [PMID: 37061332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus has long been perceived as the site for ribosome biogenesis, but numerous studies suggest that the nucleolus carefully sequesters crucial proteins involved in multiple cellular functions. Among these, the role of nucleolus in cell cycle regulation is the most evident. The nucleolus is the first responder of growth-related signals to mediate normal cell cycle progression. The nucleolus also senses different cellular stress insults by activating diverse pathways that arrest the cell cycle, promote DNA repair, or initiate apoptosis. Here, we review the emerging concepts on how the ribosomal and nonribosomal nucleolar proteins mediate such cellular effects.
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6
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Kim SH, Baek KH. Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 6A regulates cell proliferation via deubiquitination of nucleolin and caspase‑7. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:127. [PMID: 36082810 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proteins maintain protein homeostasis via post‑translational modifications, including the ubiquitin‑proteasome system. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have essential intercellular roles, such as responses to DNA damage, proteolysis and apoptosis. Therefore, it is important to understand DUB‑related diseases to identify DUBs that target abnormally regulated proteins in cells. Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 6A (OTUD6A) was previously reported as a downregulated DUB in HCT116 cells with p53 knockdown. Therefore, it was expected that the relationship between OTUD6A and p53 would affect cell proliferation. In the present study, putative substrates of OTUD6A related to the p53 signaling pathway were identified. Application of liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis led to the identification of nucleolin (known to bind p53) as a binding protein. In addition, immunoprecipitation studies determined that caspase‑7, an apoptotic protein, is associated with p53 signaling and is regulated by OTUD6A. It was further identified that OTUD6A regulates the protein stability of nucleolin, but not caspase‑7. It was also demonstrated that OTUD6A acts as a respective DUB through the deubiquitination of K48‑linked polyubiquitin chain of nucleolin and the K63‑linked polyubiquitin chain of caspase‑7. Furthermore, overexpression of OTUD6A induced cell proliferation via enhancing cell cycle progression of MCF7 cells. Taken together, OTUD6A may be proposed as a target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam‑Si, Gyeonggi‑Do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam‑Si, Gyeonggi‑Do 13488, Republic of Korea
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7
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Janani SK, Dhanabal SP, Sureshkumar R, Nikitha Upadhyayula SS. Anti-nucleolin Aptamer as a Boom in Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3114-3126. [PMID: 36173049 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220928105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It is important to target the complex pathways using a suitable targeted delivery system. Targeted delivery systems can effectively act on cancer cells and lead to the annihilation of tumor proliferation. They mainly employ targeting agents like aptamers linked to the formulation. Based on the expression of the receptors on the surface of the cancer cells, suitable aptamers can be developed. AS1411 is one such aptamer that has the ability to bind to the over-expressed nucleolin present in breast cancer cells. Nucleolin is a phosphoprotein that is involved in various aspects, like cell growth, differentiation and survival. Mostly they are found in the nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm and cell surface. The shuttling effect of the nucleolin between the nucleus and cytoplasm serves as a bonus for the AS1411 aptamer. Because of the shutting effect, the internalization of the drug compound or chemotherapeutic drug inside the cell can be achieved. In this article, we have discussed nucleolin, anti-nucleolin aptamer, namely, AS1411, and its application in exhibiting various anticancer activities, including apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, stimulation of tumor suppressor (i.e., P53), and inhibition of tumor inducer. Further, the ways of internalization, namely macropinocytosis, are also discussed. Additionally, we have also discussed the superiority of the aptamer compared to the antibodies as well as the limitations of the aptamers. By considering all the above parameters, we hope this aptamer will be effective in the management and eradication of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Janani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S P Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Surya Nikitha Upadhyayula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Bellone ML, Fiengo L, Cerchia C, Cotugno R, Bader A, Lavecchia A, De Tommasi N, Piaz FD. Impairment of Nucleolin Activity and Phosphorylation by a Trachylobane Diterpene from Psiadia punctulata in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911390. [PMID: 36232690 PMCID: PMC9570042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human nucleolin (hNcl) is a multifunctional protein involved in the progression of various cancers and plays a key role in other pathologies. Therefore, there is still unsatisfied demand for hNcl modulators. Recently, we demonstrated that the plant ent-kaurane diterpene oridonin inhibits hNcl but, unfortunately, this compound is quite toxic for healthy cells. Trachylobane diterpene 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic acid (compound 12) extracted from Psiadia punctulata (DC.) Vatke (Asteraceae) emerged as a ligand of hNcl from a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA)-based screening of a small library of diterpenes. Effective interaction between this compound and the protein was demonstrated to occur both in vitro and inside two different types of cancer cells. Based on the experimental and computational data, a model of the hNcl/compound 12 complex was built. Because of this binding, hNcl mRNA chaperone activity was significantly reduced, and the level of phosphorylation of the protein was affected. At the biological level, cancer cell incubation with compound 12 produced a cell cycle block in the subG0/G1 phase and induced early apoptosis, whereas no cytotoxicity towards healthy cells was observed. Overall, these results suggested that 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic could represent a selective antitumoral agent and a promising lead for designing innovative hNcl inhibitors also usable for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fiengo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Amici DR, Ansel DJ, Metz KA, Smith RS, Phoumyvong CM, Gayatri S, Chamera T, Edwards SL, O’Hara BP, Srivastava S, Brockway S, Takagishi SR, Cho BK, Goo YA, Kelleher NL, Ben-Sahra I, Foltz DR, Li J, Mendillo ML. C16orf72/HAPSTR1 is a molecular rheostat in an integrated network of stress response pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111262119. [PMID: 35776542 PMCID: PMC9271168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111262119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells contain specialized signaling pathways that enable adaptation to specific molecular stressors. Yet, whether these pathways are centrally regulated in complex physiological stress states remains unclear. Using genome-scale fitness screening data, we quantified the stress phenotype of 739 cancer cell lines, each representing a unique combination of intrinsic tumor stresses. Integrating dependency and stress perturbation transcriptomic data, we illuminated a network of genes with vital functions spanning diverse stress contexts. Analyses for central regulators of this network nominated C16orf72/HAPSTR1, an evolutionarily ancient gene critical for the fitness of cells reliant on multiple stress response pathways. We found that HAPSTR1 plays a pleiotropic role in cellular stress signaling, functioning to titrate various specialized cell-autonomous and paracrine stress response programs. This function, while dispensable to unstressed cells and nematodes, is essential for resilience in the presence of stressors ranging from DNA damage to starvation and proteotoxicity. Mechanistically, diverse stresses induce HAPSTR1, which encodes a protein expressed as two equally abundant isoforms. Perfectly conserved residues in a domain shared between HAPSTR1 isoforms mediate oligomerization and binding to the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1. We show that HUWE1 is a required cofactor for HAPSTR1 to control stress signaling and that, in turn, HUWE1 feeds back to ubiquitinate and destabilize HAPSTR1. Altogether, we propose that HAPSTR1 is a central rheostat in a network of pathways responsible for cellular adaptability, the modulation of which may have broad utility in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Amici
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Daniel J. Ansel
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Kyle A. Metz
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Roger S. Smith
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Claire M. Phoumyvong
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Sitaram Gayatri
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Tomasz Chamera
- Functional and Chemical Genomics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Stacey L. Edwards
- Functional and Chemical Genomics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Brendan P. O’Hara
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Shashank Srivastava
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Sonia Brockway
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Seesha R. Takagishi
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Byoung-Kyu Cho
- Northwestern Proteomics Center of Excellence Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Northwestern Proteomics Center of Excellence Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Northwestern Proteomics Center of Excellence Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Daniel R. Foltz
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Jian Li
- Functional and Chemical Genomics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Marc L. Mendillo
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
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10
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Sheikh TI, Harripaul R, Vasli N, Ghadami M, Santangelo SL, Ayub M, Sasanfar R, Vincent JB. Heterozygous De Novo Truncating Mutation of Nucleolin in an ASD Individual Disrupts Its Nucleolar Localization. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:51. [PMID: 35052391 PMCID: PMC8774667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL/C23; OMIM: 164035) is a major nucleolar protein that plays a critical role in multiple processes, including ribosome assembly and maturation, chromatin decondensation, and pre-rRNA transcription. Due to its diverse functions, nucleolin has frequently been implicated in pathological processes, including cancer and viral infection. We recently identified a de novo frameshifting indel mutation of NCL, p.Gly664Glufs*70, through whole-exome sequencing of autism spectrum disorder trios. Through the transfection of constructs encoding either a wild-type human nucleolin or a mutant nucleolin with the same C-terminal sequence predicted for the autism proband, and by using co-localization with the nucleophosmin (NPM; B23) protein, we have shown that the nucleolin mutation leads to mislocalization of the NCL protein from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Moreover, a construct with a nonsense mutation at the same residue, p.Gly664*, shows a very similar effect on the location of the NCL protein, thus confirming the presence of a predicted nucleolar location signal in this region of the NCL protein. Real-time fluorescence recovery experiments show significant changes in the kinetics and mobility of mutant NCL protein in the nucleoplasm of HEK293Tcells. Several other studies also report de novoNCL mutations in ASD or neurodevelopmental disorders. The altered mislocalization and dynamics of mutant NCL (p.G664Glufs*70/p.G664*) may have relevance to the etiopathlogy of NCL-related ASD and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor I. Sheikh
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (T.I.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Ricardo Harripaul
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (T.I.S.); (R.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nasim Vasli
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Majid Ghadami
- Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran 19989-63341, Iran;
| | - Susan L. Santangelo
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada;
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roksana Sasanfar
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John B. Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (T.I.S.); (R.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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Holoubek A, Strachotová D, Otevřelová P, Röselová P, Heřman P, Brodská B. AML-Related NPM Mutations Drive p53 Delocalization into the Cytoplasm with Possible Impact on p53-Dependent Stress Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133266. [PMID: 34209894 PMCID: PMC8269334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nucleophosmin (NPM) is one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins and its mutations frequently occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutations cause aberrant cytoplasmic localization of mutated protein (NPMmut) and often mediate dislocation of NPM interaction partners. Tumor suppressor p53 is known to interact with NPM in response to genotoxic stress and its cytoplasmic localization is an unfavorable prognostic factor in cancers. This study aims to characterize the NPM-p53 interaction and to elucidate the effect of the NPM mutations on p53 localization and expression in live cells. In addition, the cellular dynamics of NPMmut and p53 after treatment with nuclear export inhibitor Selinexor is described and the mechanism of the Selinexor action proposed. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the oncogenic potential of NPM mutations. Abstract Nucleophosmin (NPM) interaction with tumor suppressor p53 is a part of a complex interaction network and considerably affects cellular stress response. The impact of NPM1 mutations on its interaction with p53 has not been investigated yet, although consequences of NPMmut-induced p53 export to the cytoplasm are important for understanding the oncogenic potential of these mutations. We investigated p53-NPM interaction in live HEK-293T cells by FLIM-FRET and in cell lysates by immunoprecipitation. eGFP lifetime-photoconversion was used to follow redistribution dynamics of NPMmut and p53 in Selinexor-treated cells. We confirmed the p53-NPMwt interaction in intact cells and newly documented that this interaction is not compromised by the NPM mutation causing displacement of p53 to the cytoplasm. Moreover, the interaction was not abolished for non-oligomerizing NPM variants with truncated oligomerization domain, suggesting that oligomerization is not essential for interaction of NPM forms with p53. Inhibition of the nuclear exporter XPO1 by Selinexor caused expected nuclear relocalization of both NPMmut and p53. However, significantly different return rates of these proteins indicate nontrivial mechanism of p53 and NPMmut cellular trafficking. The altered p53 regulation in cells expressing NPMmut offers improved understanding to help investigational strategies targeting these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Dita Strachotová
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Pavla Röselová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Petr Heřman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (B.B.); Tel.: +420-951-551-461 (P.H.); +420-221-977-354 (B.B.)
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (B.B.); Tel.: +420-951-551-461 (P.H.); +420-221-977-354 (B.B.)
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12
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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13
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Carotenuto P, Pecoraro A, Palma G, Russo G, Russo A. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1090. [PMID: 31527430 PMCID: PMC6770360 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a distinct sub-cellular compartment structure in the nucleus. First observed more than 200 years ago, the nucleolus is detectable by microscopy in eukaryotic cells and visible during the interphase as a sub-nuclear structure immersed in the nucleoplasm, from which it is not separated from any membrane. A huge number of studies, spanning over a century, have identified ribosome biogenesis as the main function of the nucleolus. Recently, novel functions, independent from ribosome biogenesis, have been proposed by several proteomic, genomic, and functional studies. Several works have confirmed the non-canonical role for nucleoli in regulating important cellular processes including genome stability, cell-cycle control, the cellular senescence, stress responses, and biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Many authors have shown that both canonical and non-canonical functions of the nucleolus are associated with several cancer-related processes. The association between the nucleolus and cancer, first proposed by cytological and histopathological studies showing that the number and shape of nucleoli are commonly altered in almost any type of cancer, has been confirmed at the molecular level by several authors who demonstrated that numerous mechanisms occurring in the nucleolus are altered in tumors. Recently, therapeutic approaches targeting the nucleolus in cancer have started to be considered as an emerging "hallmark" of cancer and several therapeutic interventions have been developed. This review proposes an up-to-date overview of available strategies targeting the nucleolus, focusing on novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Finally, a target-based classification of currently available treatment will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carotenuto
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutic Unit, London SM2 5NG, UK.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Palma
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Baltanás FC, Berciano MT, Tapia O, Narcis JO, Lafarga V, Díaz D, Weruaga E, Santos E, Lafarga M. Nucleolin reorganization and nucleolar stress in Purkinje cells of mutant PCD mice. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:312-322. [PMID: 30905767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration (pcd) mouse harbors a mutation in Agtpbp1 gene that encodes for the cytosolic carboxypeptidase, CCP1. The mutation causes degeneration and death of PCs during the postnatal life, resulting in clinical and pathological manifestation of cerebellar ataxia. Monogenic biallelic damaging variants in the Agtpbp1 gene cause infantile-onset neurodegeneration and cerebellar atrophy, linking loss of functional CCP1 with human neurodegeneration. Although CCP1 plays a key role in the regulation of tubulin stabilization, its loss of function in PCs leads to a severe nuclear phenotype with heterochromatinization and accumulation of DNA damage. Therefore, the pcd mice provides a useful neuronal model to investigate nuclear mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration, particularly the nucleolar stress. In this study, we demonstrated that the Agtpbp1 gene mutation induces a p53-dependent nucleolar stress response in PCs, which is characterized by nucleolar fragmentation, nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic mislocalization of nucleolin, and dysfunction of both pre-rRNA processing and mRNA translation. RT-qPCR analysis revealed reduction of mature 18S rRNA, with a parallel increase of its intermediate 18S-5'-ETS precursor, that correlates with a reduced expression of Fbl mRNA, which encodes an essential factor for rRNA processing. Moreover, nucleolar alterations were accompanied by a reduction of PTEN mRNA and protein levels, which appears to be related to the chromosome instability and accumulation of DNA damage in degenerating PCs. Our results highlight the essential contribution of nucleolar stress to PC degeneration and also underscore the nucleoplasmic mislocalization of nucleolin as a potential indicator of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Baltanás
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María T Berciano
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Narcis
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability, "Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas" (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
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15
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Bi X, Ye Q, Li D, Peng Q, Wang Z, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Jiang F. Inhibition of nucleolar stress response by Sirt1: A potential mechanism of acetylation-independent regulation of p53 accumulation. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12900. [PMID: 30623565 PMCID: PMC6413664 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Sirt1 deacetylase is generally thought to be a nuclear protein, but some pilot studies have suggested that Sirt1 may also be involved in orchestrating nucleolar functions. Here, we show that nucleolar stress response is a ubiquitous cellular reaction that can be induced by different types of stress conditions, and Sirt1 is an endogenous suppressor of nucleolar stress response. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture approach, we have identified a physical interaction of between Sirt1 and the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin, and this protein-protein interaction appears to be necessary for Sirt1 inhibition on nucleolar stress, whereas the deacetylase activity of Sirt1 is not strictly required. Based on the reported prerequisite role of nucleolar stress response in stress-induced p53 protein accumulation, we have also provided evidence suggesting that Sirt1-mediated inhibition on nucleolar stress response may represent a novel mechanism by which Sirt1 can modulate intracellular p53 accumulation independent of lysine deacetylation. This process may represent an alternative mechanism by which Sirt1 regulates functions of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Bi
- School of Basic MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Present address:
Department of CardiologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Qing Ye
- School of Basic MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Daoyuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Basic MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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16
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Tong Z, Tang Y, Jiang B, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Xiao X. Phosphorylation of nucleolin is indispensable to upregulate miR-21 and inhibit apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:4044-4053. [PMID: 30256395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional phosphoprotein and is involved in protecting from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The function of nucleolin is regulated by posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and glycosylation. To study whether phosphorylation of nucleolin (P-nucleolin) was involved in the protection from myocardial I/R injury. We investigated the expression pattern of P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) in hearts subjected to I/R injury, or rat cardiac myoblast cells (H9C2) subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The results showed that the expression of P-nucleolin and the ratio of P-nucleolin/nucleolin were significantly increased both in vivo and in vitro. Mutant nucleolin was obtained by site directed mutagenesis in vitro: threonine at 76 and 84 was replaced by alanine, and we found that the protective effect of nucleolin on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress was dependent on its phosphorylation at 76 and 84 in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, the cardio-protective roles of P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) in H9C2 cardiomyocytes, were attributable to the upregulation of microRNA (miR)-21. Further analysis found that P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) could bind to miR-21, and P-nucleolin colocalized with argonaute 2 (Ago2) in cytoplasm and could interact with Ago2 in a RNA-independent manner under cell oxidative stress. The current study revealed that P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) increased in I/R injury myocardium, P-nucleolin was indispensable to upregulate miR-21 and inhibited apoptosis induced by H 2 O 2 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. These findings provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms of nucleolin in myocardial I/R injury and oxidative stress cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Food Science and Technology College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Chromatin control in double strand break repair. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 30798938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are the most deleterious type of damage inflicted on DNA by various environmental factors and as consequences of normal cellular metabolism. The multistep nature of DSB repair and the need to assemble large protein complexes at repair sites necessitate multiple chromatin changes there. This review focuses on the key findings of how chromatin regulators exert temporal and spatial control on DSB repair. These mechanisms coordinate repair with cell cycle progression, lead to DSB repair pathway choice, provide accessibility of repair machinery to damaged sites and move the lesions to nuclear environments permissive for repair.
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18
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Tan Y, Zheng J, Liu X, Lu M, Zhang C, Xing B, Du X. Loss of nucleolar localization of NAT10 promotes cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:1032-1038. [PMID: 29634924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NAT10, a nucleolar acetyltransferase, participates in a variety of cellular processes including ribosome biogenesis and DNA damage response. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 is related to the clinical pathologic characteristics in human cancer tissues. However, the mechanism about how NAT10 translocates from the nucleolus to cytoplasm and membrane is unclear. Here, we obtain a NAT10 deletion mutant localizing in cytoplasm and membrane. Bioinformatics analysis showed that residues 68-75 and 989-1018 are two potential nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NAT10. GFP-NAT10 deletion mutant (Δ989-1018) predominantly translocates into cytoplasm with faint signal retained in the nucleolus, while GFP-NAT10(Δ68-75) still remains in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, indicating residues 989-1018 is the main nucleolar localization signal (NuLS). GFP-NAT10-D3, with both fragments (residues 68-75 and 989-1018) deleted, completely excludes from the nucleolus and translocates to cytoplasm and membrane. Therefore, complete NuLSs of NAT10 should include residues 68-75 and 989-1018. The cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 mutant (Flag-NAT10-D3) colocalizes with α-tubulin in cytoplasm and with integrin on cell membrane. Importantly, Flag-NAT10-D3 promotes α-tubulin acetylation and stabilizes microtubules. Consequently, Flag-NAT10-D3 promotes migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry staining of NAT10 in HCC tissues demonstrates that the cytoplasmic NAT10 is correlated with poorer prognosis compared with nuclear NAT10, while the membranous NAT10 predicts the poorest clinical outcome of the patients. We thus provide the evidence for the function of cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 in the metastasis and prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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19
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Terzaghi L, Luciano AM, Dall'Acqua PC, Modina SC, Peluso JJ, Lodde V. PGRMC1 localization and putative function in the nucleolus of bovine granulosa cells and oocytes. Reproduction 2018; 155:273-282. [PMID: 29339453 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein that is found in numerous systems, including reproductive system. Interestingly, PGRMC1 is expressed at several intracellular locations, including the nucleolus. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional relationship between PGRMC1 and nucleolus. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed PGRMC1's nucleolar localization in cultured bovine granulosa cells (bGC) and oocytes. Additional experiments conducted on bGC revealed that PGRMC1 co-localizes with nucleolin (NCL), a major nucleolar protein. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing experiments showed that when PGRMC1 expression was depleted, NCL translocated from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Similarly, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment, reduced PGRMC1 immunofluorescent signal in the nucleolus and increased NCL nucleoplasmic signal, when compared to non-treated cells. Although PGRMC1 influenced NCL localization, a direct interaction between these two proteins was not detected using in situ proximity ligation assay. This suggests the involvement of additional molecules in mediating the co-localization of PGRMC1 and nucleolin. Since nucleolin translocates into the nucleoplasm in response to various cellular stressors, PGRMC1's ability to regulate its localization within the nucleolus is likely an important component of mechanism by which cells response to stress. This concept is consistent with PGRMC1's well-described ability to promote ovarian cell survival and provides a rationale for future studies on PGRMC1, NCL and the molecular mechanism by which these two proteins protect against the adverse effect of cellular stressors, including oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Terzaghi
- Department of HealthAnimal Science and Food Safety, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Luciano
- Department of HealthAnimal Science and Food Safety, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Priscila C Dall'Acqua
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Silvia C Modina
- Department of HealthAnimal Science and Food Safety, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - John J Peluso
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valentina Lodde
- Department of HealthAnimal Science and Food Safety, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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20
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Monteiro LF, Ferruzo PYM, Russo LC, Farias JO, Forti FL. DUSP3/VHR: A Druggable Dual Phosphatase for Human Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 176:1-35. [PMID: 30069819 DOI: 10.1007/112_2018_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), discovered in the 1970s, have been considered master regulators of biological processes with high clinical significance as targets for human diseases. Their actions are countered by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), enzymes yet underrepresented as drug targets because of the high homology of their catalytic domains and high charge of their catalytic pocket. This scenario is still worse for some PTP subclasses, for example, for the atypical dual-specificity phosphatases (ADUSPs), whose biological functions are not even completely known. In this sense, the present work focuses on the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), also known as VH1-related phosphatase (VHR), an uncommon regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. DUSP3 expression and activities are suggestive of a tumor suppressor or tumor-promoting enzyme in different types of human cancers. Furthermore, DUSP3 has other biological functions involving immune response mediation, thrombosis, hemostasis, angiogenesis, and genomic stability that occur through either MAPK-dependent or MAPK-independent mechanisms. This broad spectrum of actions is likely due to the large substrate diversity and molecular mechanisms that are still under scrutiny. The growing advances in characterizing new DUSP3 substrates will allow the development of pharmacological inhibitors relevant for possible future clinical trials. This review covers all aspects of DUSP3, since its gene cloning and crystallographic structure resolution, in addition to its classical and novel substrates and the biological processes involved, followed by an update of what is currently known about the DUSP3/VHR-inhibiting compounds that might be considered potential drugs to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Falcão Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Cristina Russo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Oliveira Farias
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luís Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Ugrinova I, Petrova M, Chalabi-Dchar M, Bouvet P. Multifaceted Nucleolin Protein and Its Molecular Partners in Oncogenesis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 111:133-164. [PMID: 29459030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in 1973, nucleolin is one of the most abundant phosphoproteins of the nucleolus. The ability of nucleolin to be involved in many cellular processes is probably related to its structural organization and its capability to form many different interactions with other proteins. Many functions of nucleolin affect cellular processes involved in oncogenesis-for instance: in ribosome biogenesis; in DNA repair, remodeling, and genome stability; in cell division and cell survival; in chemokine and growth factor signaling pathways; in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis; in epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and in stemness. In this review, we will describe the different functions of nucleolin in oncogenesis through its interaction with other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Ugrinova
- "Roumen Tsanev" Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Maria Petrova
- "Roumen Tsanev" Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mounira Chalabi-Dchar
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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22
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Jia W, Yao Z, Zhao J, Guan Q, Gao L. New perspectives of physiological and pathological functions of nucleolin (NCL). Life Sci 2017; 186:1-10. [PMID: 28751161 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein that mainly localized in the nucleolus, it is also found in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and cell membrane. The three main structural domains allow the interaction of NCL with different proteins and RNA sequences. Moreover, specific post-translational modifications and its shuttling property also contribute to its multifunctionality. NCL has been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of aspects such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin organization and stability, DNA and RNA metabolism, cytokinesis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis regulation, stress response and microRNA processing. NCL has been increasingly implicated in several pathological processes, especially in tumorigenesis and viral infection, which makes NCL a potential target for the development of anti-tumor and anti-viral strategies. In this review, we present an overview on the structure, localizations and various functions of NCL, and further describe how the multiple functions of NCL are correlated to its multiple cellular distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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23
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Tapia O, Narcís JO, Riancho J, Tarabal O, Piedrafita L, Calderó J, Berciano MT, Lafarga M. Cellular bases of the RNA metabolism dysfunction in motor neurons of a murine model of spinal muscular atrophy: Role of Cajal bodies and the nucleolus. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:83-99. [PMID: 28823932 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by a homozygous deletion or mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene that leads to reduced levels of SMN protein resulting in degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). The best known functions of SMN is the biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs. Linked to this function, Cajal bodies (CBs) are involved in the assembly of spliceosomal (snRNPs) and nucleolar (snoRNPs) ribonucleoproteins required for pre-mRNA and pre-rRNA processing. Recent studies support that the interaction between CBs and nucleoli, which are especially prominent in neurons, is essential for the nucleolar rRNA homeostasis. We use the SMN∆7 murine model of type I SMA to investigate the cellular basis of the dysfunction of RNA metabolism in MNs. SMN deficiency in postnatal MNs produces a depletion of functional CBs and relocalization of coilin, which is a scaffold protein of CBs, in snRNP-free perinucleolar caps or within the nucleolus. Disruption of CBs is the earliest nuclear sign of MN degeneration. We demonstrate that depletion of CBs, with loss of CB-nucleolus interactions, induces a progressive nucleolar dysfunction in ribosome biogenesis. It includes reorganization and loss of nucleolar transcription units, segregation of dense fibrillar and granular components, retention of SUMO-conjugated proteins in intranucleolar bodies and a reactive, compensatory, up-regulation of mature 18S rRNA and genes encoding key nucleolar proteins, such as upstream binding factor, fibrillarin, nucleolin and nucleophosmin. We propose that CB depletion and nucleolar alterations are essential components of the dysfunction of RNA metabolism in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tapia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Narcís
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Lleida and "Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida" (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lídia Piedrafita
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Lleida and "Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida" (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Lleida and "Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida" (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
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Stanley-Hasnain S, Hauck L, Grothe D, Aschar-Sobbi R, Beca S, Butany J, Backx PH, Mak TW, Billia F. p53 and Mdm2 act synergistically to maintain cardiac homeostasis and mediate cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest through a network of microRNAs. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1585-1600. [PMID: 28745540 PMCID: PMC5587026 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1346758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the roadblocks responsible for cell cycle arrest in adult cardiomyocytes lies at the core of developing cardiac regenerative therapies. p53 and Mdm2 are crucial mediators of cell cycle arrest in proliferative cell types, however, little is known about their function in regulating homeostasis and proliferation in terminally differentiated cell types, like cardiomyocytes. To explore this, we generated a cardiac-specific conditional deletion of p53 and Mdm2 (DKO) in adult mice. Herein we describe the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy, in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, DKO hearts exhibited a significant increase in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Further evaluation showed that proliferation was mediated by a significant increase in Cdk2 and cyclin E with downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. Comparison of miRNA expression profiles from DKO mouse hearts and controls revealed 11 miRNAs that were downregulated in the DKO hearts and enriched for mRNA targets involved in cell cycle regulation. Knockdown of these miRNAs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes significantly increased cytokinesis with an upregulation in the expression of crucial cell cycle regulators. These results illustrate the importance of the cooperative activities of p53 and Mdm2 in a network of miRNAs that function to impose a barrier against aberrant cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry to maintain cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Stanley-Hasnain
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ludger Hauck
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Grothe
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sanja Beca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jagdish Butany
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H. Backx
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filio Billia
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Tsekrekou M, Stratigi K, Chatzinikolaou G. The Nucleolus: In Genome Maintenance and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071411. [PMID: 28671574 PMCID: PMC5535903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is the subnuclear membrane-less organelle where rRNA is transcribed and processed and ribosomal assembly occurs. During the last 20 years, however, the nucleolus has emerged as a multifunctional organelle, regulating processes that go well beyond its traditional role. Moreover, the unique organization of rDNA in tandem arrays and its unusually high transcription rates make it prone to unscheduled DNA recombination events and frequent RNA:DNA hybrids leading to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). If not properly repaired, rDNA damage may contribute to premature disease onset and aging. Deregulation of ribosomal synthesis at any level from transcription and processing to ribosomal subunit assembly elicits a stress response and is also associated with disease onset. Here, we discuss how genome integrity is maintained within nucleoli and how such structures are functionally linked to nuclear DNA damage response and repair giving an emphasis on the newly emerging roles of the nucleolus in mammalian physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsekrekou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Georgia Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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26
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Lago S, Tosoni E, Nadai M, Palumbo M, Richter SN. The cellular protein nucleolin preferentially binds long-looped G-quadruplex nucleic acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1371-1381. [PMID: 27913192 PMCID: PMC5466061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid structures that form in G-rich sequences. Nucleolin (NCL) is a cellular protein reported for its functions upon G4 recognition, such as induction of neurodegenerative diseases, tumor and virus mechanisms activation. We here aimed at defining NCL/G4 binding determinants. METHODS Electrophoresis mobility shift assay was used to detect NCL/G4 binding; circular dichroism to assess G4 folding, topology and stability; dimethylsulfate footprinting to detect G bases involved in G4 folding. RESULTS The purified full-length human NCL was initially tested on telomeric G4 target sequences to allow for modulation of loop, conformation, length, G-tract number, stability. G4s in promoter regions with more complex sequences were next employed. We found that NCL binding to G4s heavily relies on G4 loop length, independently of the conformation and oligonucleotide/loop sequence. Low stability G4s are preferred. When alternative G4 conformations are possible, those with longer loops are preferred upon binding to NCL, even if G-tracts need to be spared from G4 folding. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide insight into how G4s and the associated proteins may control the ON/OFF molecular switch to several pathological processes, including neurodegeneration, tumor and virus activation. Understanding these regulatory determinants is the first step towards the development of targeted therapies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The indication that NCL binding preferentially stimulates and induces folding of G4s containing long loops suggests NCL ability to modify the overall structure and steric hindrance of the involved nucleic acid regions. This protein-induced modification of the G4 structure may represent a cellular mechanosensor mechanism to molecular signaling and disease pathogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lago
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Tosoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Nadai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Manlio Palumbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara N Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy.
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27
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Ogawa LM, Baserga SJ. Crosstalk between the nucleolus and the DNA damage response. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:443-455. [PMID: 28112326 PMCID: PMC5340083 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolar function and the cellular response to DNA damage have long been studied as distinct disciplines. New research and a new appreciation for proteins holding multiple functional roles, however, is beginning to change the way we think about the crosstalk among distinct cellular processes. Here, we focus on the crosstalk between the DNA damage response and the nucleolus, including a comprehensive review of the literature that reveals a role for conventional DNA repair proteins in ribosome biogenesis, and conversely, ribosome biogenesis proteins in DNA repair. Furthermore, with recent advances in nucleolar proteomics and a growing list of proteins that localize to the nucleolus, it is likely that we will continue to identify new DNA repair proteins with a nucleolar-specific role. Given the importance of ribosome biogenesis and DNA repair in essential cellular processes and the role that they play in diverse pathologies, continued elucidation of the overlap between these two disciplines will be essential to the advancement of both fields and to the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - S J Baserga
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA and Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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28
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Santos AP, Ferreira LJ, Oliveira MM. Concerted Flexibility of Chromatin Structure, Methylome, and Histone Modifications along with Plant Stress Responses. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010003. [PMID: 28275209 PMCID: PMC5371996 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spatial organization of chromosome structure within the interphase nucleus, as well as the patterns of methylome and histone modifications, represent intersecting layers that influence genome accessibility and function. This review is focused on the plastic nature of chromatin structure and epigenetic marks in association to stress situations. The use of chemical compounds (epigenetic drugs) or T-DNA-mediated mutagenesis affecting epigenetic regulators (epi-mutants) are discussed as being important tools for studying the impact of deregulated epigenetic backgrounds on gene function and phenotype. The inheritability of epigenetic marks and chromatin configurations along successive generations are interpreted as a way for plants to “communicate” past experiences of stress sensing. A mechanistic understanding of chromatin and epigenetics plasticity in plant response to stress, including tissue- and genotype-specific epigenetic patterns, may help to reveal the epigenetics contributions for genome and phenotype regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress Unit. Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Liliana J Ferreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress Unit. Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress Unit. Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Lu H, Fu C, Li X, Jiang L, Li S. G4-Tetra DNA Duplex Induce Lung Cancer Cell Apoptosis in A549 Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:437. [PMID: 27696321 PMCID: PMC5045452 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The specific DNA is typically impermeable to the plasma membrane due to its natural characters, but DNA tetra structures (DTNs) can be readily uptake by cells in the absence of transfection agents, providing a new strategy to deliver DNA drugs. In this research, the delivery efficiency of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures was measured on adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells via delivering AS1411 (G4). The DNA tetra-AS1411 complex was rapidly and abundantly uptake by A549 cells, and the induced apoptosis was enhanced. Furthermore, biodistribution in mouse proved the rapid clearance from non-targeted organs in vivo. This study improved the understanding of potential function in DNA-based drug delivery and proved that DTNs-AS1411 could be potentially useful for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - YiZhuo Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hu Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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30
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Wolfson E, Goldenberg M, Solomon S, Frishberg A, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Nucleolin-binding by ErbB2 enhances tumorigenicity of ErbB2-positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:65320-65334. [PMID: 27542246 PMCID: PMC5323158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 is an important member of the ErbB family, which activates growth and proliferation signaling pathways. ErbB2 is often overexpressed in various malignancies, especially in breast cancer, and is a common target for anti-cancer drugs. Breast cancer is currently one of the leading mortality causes in women, and acquired resistance to ErbB2-targeted therapies is a major obstacle in its treatment. Thus, understanding ErbB2-mediated signaling is crucial for further development of anti-cancer therapeutics and disease treatment. Previously, we have reported that the ErbB receptors interact with the major nucleolar protein nucleolin. In addition to its function in the nucleoli of cells, nucleolin participates in various cellular processes at the cytoplasm and cell-surface. Deregulated nucleolin is frequently overexpressed on the membrane of cancer cells. Here, we show that nucleolin increases colony formation and anchorage-independent growth of ErbB2-overexpressing cells. Importantly, this enhanced tumorigenicity also occurs in human ErbB2-positive breast cancer patients; namely, nucleolin overexpression in these patients is associated with reduced patient survival rates and increased disease-risk. ErbB2-nucleolin complexes are formed endogenously in both normal and cancer cells, and their effect on tumorigenicity is mediated through activation of ErbB2 signaling. Accordingly, nucleolin inhibition reduces cell viability and ErbB2 activation in ErbB2-positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Wolfson
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Maria Goldenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shira Solomon
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Frishberg
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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31
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Scott DD, Oeffinger M. Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:419-432. [PMID: 27673355 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus represents a highly multifunctional intranuclear organelle in which, in addition to the canonical ribosome assembly, numerous processes such as transcription, DNA repair and replication, the cell cycle, and apoptosis are coordinated. The nucleolus is further a key hub in the sensing of cellular stress and undergoes major structural and compositional changes in response to cellular perturbations. Numerous nucleolar proteins have been identified that, upon sensing nucleolar stress, deploy additional, non-ribosomal roles in the regulation of varied cell processes including cell cycle arrest, arrest of DNA replication, induction of DNA repair, and apoptosis, among others. The highly abundant proteins nucleophosmin (NPM1) and nucleolin (NCL) are two such factors that transit to the nucleoplasm in response to stress, and participate directly in the repair of numerous different DNA damages. This review discusses the contributions made by NCL and (or) NPM1 to the different DNA repair pathways employed by mammalian cells to repair DNA insults, and examines the implications of such activities for the regulation, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targeting of NPM1 and NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Scott
- a Laboratory of RNP Biochemistry, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A3, Canada
| | - Marlene Oeffinger
- a Laboratory of RNP Biochemistry, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A3, Canada
- c Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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32
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Li Q, Zhu Y, Hou L, Wang J, Hu G, Fang X, Hu Y, Tao T, Wei X, Tang H, Huang B, Hu W. C23 promotes tumorigenesis via suppressing p53 activity. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58274-58285. [PMID: 27506938 PMCID: PMC5295430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
C23 is an abundant and multi-functional protein, which plays an important role in various biological processes, including ribosome biogenesis and maturation, cell cycle checkpoints and transcriptional regulation [1, 2]. However, the role of C23 in controlling tumorigenesis has not been well defined. Here we report that C23 is highly expressed in cancer cells and the elevated expression of C23 facilitates cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Notably, C23 binds to p53 through its GAR domain and suppresses the transcriptional activity of p53 under DNA damage and hypoxia. Moreover, the GAR domain is critical for C23-mediated tumor cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal a novel role of C23 in tumorigenesis and suggest that C23 may represent a potential therapeutic target for treating malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutriology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guilin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yamin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanglai Hu
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Iden M, Fye S, Li K, Chowdhury T, Ramchandran R, Rader JS. The lncRNA PVT1 Contributes to the Cervical Cancer Phenotype and Associates with Poor Patient Prognosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156274. [PMID: 27232880 PMCID: PMC4883781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) is an lncRNA that has been designated as an oncogene due to its contribution to the phenotype of multiple cancers. Although the mechanism by which PVT1 influences disease processes has been studied in multiple cancer types, its role in cervical tumorigenesis remains unknown. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the role of PVT1 in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 expression was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 121 invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) samples, 30 normal cervix samples, and cervical cell lines. Functional assays were carried out using both siRNA and LNA-mediated knockdown to examine PVT1's effects on cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, and cisplatin resistance. Our results demonstrate that PVT1 expression is significantly increased in ICC tissue versus normal cervix and that higher expression of PVT1 correlates with poorer overall survival. In cervical cancer cell lines, PVT1 knockdown resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while apoptosis and cisplatin cytotoxicity were significantly increased in these cells. Finally, we show that PVT1 expression is augmented in response to hypoxia and immune response stimulation and that this lncRNA associates with the multifunctional and stress-responsive protein, Nucleolin. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence for an oncogenic role of PVT1 in cervical cancer and lend insight into potential mechanisms by which PVT1 overexpression helps drive cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Iden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Keguo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Tamjid Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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Stępiński D. Nucleolus-derived mediators in oncogenic stress response and activation of p53-dependent pathways. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:119-39. [PMID: 27142852 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth and division of cells, including tumor ones, is correlated with intensive protein biosynthesis. The output of nucleoli, organelles where translational machineries are formed, depends on a rate of particular stages of ribosome production and on accessibility of elements crucial for their effective functioning, including substrates, enzymes as well as energy resources. Different factors that induce cellular stress also often lead to nucleolar dysfunction which results in ribosome biogenesis impairment. Such nucleolar disorders, called nucleolar or ribosomal stress, usually affect cellular functioning which in fact is a result of p53-dependent pathway activation, elicited as a response to stress. These pathways direct cells to new destinations such as cell cycle arrest, damage repair, differentiation, autophagy, programmed cell death or aging. In the case of impaired nucleolar functioning, nucleolar and ribosomal proteins mediate activation of the p53 pathways. They are also triggered as a response to oncogenic factor overexpression to protect tissues and organs against extensive proliferation of abnormal cells. Intentional impairment of any step of ribosome biosynthesis which would direct the cells to these destinations could be a strategy used in anticancer therapy. This review presents current knowledge on a nucleolus, mainly in relation to cancer biology, which is an important and extremely sensitive element of the mechanism participating in cellular stress reaction mediating activation of the p53 pathways in order to counteract stress effects, especially cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Stępiński
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
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Tosoni E, Frasson I, Scalabrin M, Perrone R, Butovskaya E, Nadai M, Palù G, Fabris D, Richter SN. Nucleolin stabilizes G-quadruplex structures folded by the LTR promoter and silences HIV-1 viral transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:8884-97. [PMID: 26354862 PMCID: PMC4605322 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Folding of the LTR promoter into dynamic G-quadruplex conformations has been shown to suppress its transcriptional activity in HIV-1. Here we sought to identify the proteins that control the folding of this region of proviral genome by inducing/stabilizing G-quadruplex structures. The implementation of electrophorethic mobility shift assay and pull-down experiments coupled with mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the cellular protein nucleolin is able to specifically recognize G-quadruplex structures present in the LTR promoter. Nucleolin recognized with high affinity and specificity the majority, but not all the possible G-quadruplexes folded by this sequence. In addition, it displayed greater binding preference towards DNA than RNA G-quadruplexes, thus indicating two levels of selectivity based on the sequence and nature of the target. The interaction translated into stabilization of the LTR G-quadruplexes and increased promoter silencing activity; in contrast, disruption of nucleolin binding in cells by both siRNAs and a nucleolin binding aptamer greatly increased LTR promoter activity. These data indicate that nucleolin possesses a specific and regulated activity toward the HIV-1 LTR promoter, which is mediated by G-quadruplexes. These observations provide new essential insights into viral transcription and a possible low mutagenic target for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Frasson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Scalabrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Rosalba Perrone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Butovskaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Nadai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Dan Fabris
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Sara N Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Lim KH, Park JJ, Gu BH, Kim JO, Park SG, Baek KH. HAUSP-nucleolin interaction is regulated by p53-Mdm2 complex in response to DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12793. [PMID: 26238070 PMCID: PMC4523935 DOI: 10.1038/srep12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
HAUSP (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin specific protease, known as ubiquitin specific protease 7), one of DUBs, regulates the dynamics of the p53 and Mdm2 network in response to DNA damage by deubiquitinating both p53 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase, Mdm2. Its concerted action increases the level of functional p53 by preventing proteasome-dependent degradation of p53. However, the protein substrates that are targeted by HAUSP to mediate DNA damage responses in the context of the HAUSP-p53-Mdm2 complex are not fully identified. Here, we identified nucleolin as a new substrate for HAUSP by proteomic analysis. Nucleolin has two HAUSP binding sites in its N- and C-terminal regions, and the mutation of HAUSP interacting peptides on nucleolin disrupts their interaction and it leads to the increased level of nucleolin ubiquitination. In addition, HAUSP regulates the stability of nucleolin by removing ubiquitin from nucleolin. Nucleolin exists as a component of the HAUSP-p53-Mdm2 complex, and both Mdm2 and p53 are required for the interaction between HAUSP and nucleolin. Importantly, the irradiation increases the HAUSP-nucleolin interaction, leading to nucleolin stabilization significantly. Taken together, this study reveals a new component of the HAUSP-p53-Mdm2 complex that governs dynamic cellular responses to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Joon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ock Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
A veritable explosion of primary research papers within the past 10 years focuses on nucleolar and ribosomal stress, and for good reason: with ribosome biosynthesis consuming ~80% of a cell’s energy, nearly all metabolic and signaling pathways lead ultimately to or from the nucleolus. We begin by describing p53 activation upon nucleolar stress resulting in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The significance of this mechanism cannot be understated, as oncologists are now inducing nucleolar stress strategically in cancer cells as a potential anti-cancer therapy. We also summarize the human ribosomopathies, syndromes in which ribosome biogenesis or function are impaired leading to birth defects or bone narrow failures; the perplexing problem in the ribosomopathies is why only certain cells are affected despite the fact that the causative mutation is systemic. We then describe p53-independent nucleolar stress, first in yeast which lacks p53, and then in other model metazoans that lack MDM2, the critical E3 ubiquitin ligase that normally inactivates p53. Do these presumably ancient p53-independent nucleolar stress pathways remain latent in human cells? If they still exist, can we use them to target >50% of known human cancers that lack functional p53?
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison James
- a Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, LA USA
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Grondin Y, Bortoni ME, Sepulveda R, Ghelfi E, Bartos A, Cotanche D, Clifford RE, Rogers RA. Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Hearing Threshold Shift in Subjects during First Encounter with Occupational Impulse Noise. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130827. [PMID: 26121033 PMCID: PMC4488244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most significant occupational health issue worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hearing threshold shift in young males undergoing their first encounter with occupational impulse noise. We report a significant association of SNP rs7598759 (p < 5 x 10(-7); p = 0.01 after permutation and correction; Odds Ratio = 12.75) in the gene coding for nucleolin, a multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in the control of senescence and protection against apoptosis. Interestingly, nucleolin has been shown to mediate the anti-apoptotic effect of HSP70, a protein found to prevent ototoxicity and whose polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to NIHL. Increase in nucleolin expression has also been associated with the prevention of apoptosis in cells undergoing oxidative stress, a well-known metabolic sequela of noise exposure. To assess the potential role of nucleolin in hearing loss, we tested down-regulation of nucleolin in cochlear sensory cells HEI-OC1 under oxidative stress conditions and report increased sensitivity to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug with ototoxic side effects. Additional SNPs were found with suggestive association (p < 5 x 10(-4)), of which 7 SNPs were located in genes previously reported to be related to NIHL and 43 of them were observed in 36 other genes previously not reported to be associated with NIHL. Taken together, our GWAS data and in vitro studies reported herein suggest that nucleolin is a potential candidate associated with NIHL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Grondin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Magda E. Bortoni
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Rosalinda Sepulveda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Elisa Ghelfi
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Adam Bartos
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Douglas Cotanche
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Royce E. Clifford
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr., Suite 200, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, 92134, United States of America
| | - Rick A. Rogers
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
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Berger CM, Gaume X, Bouvet P. The roles of nucleolin subcellular localization in cancer. Biochimie 2015; 113:78-85. [PMID: 25866190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is one of the most abundant non ribosomal protein of the nucleolus where it plays a central role in polymerase I transcription. NCL is also found outside of the nucleolus, in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm as well as on the cell membrane. It acts in all cell compartments to control cellular homeostasis and therefore each cellular pool of NCL can play a different role in cancer development. NCL overexpression and its increased localization at the cell membrane is a common feature of several tumor cells. In cancer cells, NCL overexpression influences cell survival, proliferation and invasion through its action on different cellular pathways. In this review, we describe how the multiple functions of NCL that are associated to its multiple cellular localization can participate to the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Madeleine Berger
- Département de Biologie, Master Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Xavier Gaume
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France.
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Xu JY, Lu S, Xu XY, Hu SL, Li B, Qi RX, Chen L, Chang JY. Knocking Down Nucleolin Expression Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Influencing DNA-PKcs Activity. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3301-6. [PMID: 25921135 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin (C23) is an important anti-apoptotic protein that is ubiquitously expressed in exponentially growing eukaryotic cells. In order to understand the impact of C23 in radiation therapy, we attempted to investigate the relationship of C23 expression with the radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We investigated the role of C23 in activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA- PKcs), which is a critical protein for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. As a result, we found that the expression of C23 was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines. In vitro clonogenic survival assays revealed that C23 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, potentially through the promotion of radiation-induced apoptosis and adjusting the cell cycle to a more radiosensitive stage. Immunofluorescence data revealed an increasing quantity of γ-H2AX foci and decreasing radiation-induced DNA damage repair following knockdown of C23. To further clarify the mechanism of C23 in DNA DSBs repair, we detected the expression of DNA-PKcs and C23 proteins in NSCLC cell lines. C23 might participate in DNA DSBs repair for the reason that the expression of DNA-PKcs decreased at 30, 60, 120 and 360 minutes after irradiation in C23 knockdown cells. Especially, the activity of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites at the S2056 and T2609 was significantly suppressed. Therefore we concluded that C23 knockdown can inhibit DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 sites, thus reducing the radiation damage repair and increasing the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Taken together, the inhibition of C23 expression was shown to increase the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells, as implied by the relevance to the notably decreased DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 clusters. Further research on targeted C23 treatment may promote effectiveness of radiotherapy and provide new targets for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China E-mail : ;
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Stixová L, Sehnalová P, Legartová S, Suchánková J, Hrušková T, Kozubek S, Sorokin DV, Matula P, Raška I, Kovařík A, Fulneček J, Bártová E. HP1β-dependent recruitment of UBF1 to irradiated chromatin occurs simultaneously with CPDs. Epigenetics Chromatin 2014; 7:39. [PMID: 25587355 PMCID: PMC4293114 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-7-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The repair of spontaneous and induced DNA lesions is a multistep process. Depending on the type of injury, damaged DNA is recognized by many proteins specifically involved in distinct DNA repair pathways. Results We analyzed the DNA-damage response after ultraviolet A (UVA) and γ irradiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and focused on upstream binding factor 1 (UBF1), a key protein in the regulation of ribosomal gene transcription. We found that UBF1, but not nucleolar proteins RPA194, TCOF, or fibrillarin, was recruited to UVA-irradiated chromatin concurrently with an increase in heterochromatin protein 1β (HP1β) level. Moreover, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) confirmed interaction between UBF1 and HP1β that was dependent on a functional chromo shadow domain of HP1β. Thus, overexpression of HP1β with a deleted chromo shadow domain had a dominant-negative effect on UBF1 recruitment to UVA-damaged chromatin. Transcription factor UBF1 also interacted directly with DNA inside the nucleolus but no interaction of UBF1 and DNA was confirmed outside the nucleolus, where UBF1 recruitment to DNA lesions appeared simultaneously with cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; this occurrence was cell-cycle-independent. Conclusions We propose that the simultaneous presence and interaction of UBF1 and HP1β at DNA lesions is activated by the presence of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and mediated by the chromo shadow domain of HP1β. This might have functional significance for nucleotide excision repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-8935-7-39) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Stixová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sehnalová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Suchánková
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hrušková
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V Sorokin
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic ; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matula
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic ; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Raška
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Fulneček
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kiran S, Anwar T, Kiran M, Ramakrishna G. Sirtuin 7 in cell proliferation, stress and disease: Rise of the Seventh Sirtuin! Cell Signal 2014; 27:673-82. [PMID: 25435428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins. Sirtuins were originally discovered in yeast for its role in prolonging replicative lifespan. Until recently SIRT7 happened to be the least studied sirtuin of the seven mammalian sirtuins. However, a number of recent breakthrough reports have provided significant clarity to SIRT7 biology. SIRT7 is now seen as a vital regulator of rRNA and protein synthesis for maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. Proteins like p53, H3K18, PAF53, NPM1 and GABP-β1 are the known substrates for the deacetylase activity of SIRT7, thereby making it a key mediator of many cellular activities. Studies using in vitro based assays and also knockout mice have revealed a role of SIRT7 in certain disease pathologies as well. High expression of SIRT7 has been reported in few cancer types and is steadily propelling SIRT7 towards an oncogene status. The role of SIRT7 as a pro-survival adaptor molecule in conditions of cellular stress has recently emerged in view of the fact that SIRT7 can regulate molecules like HIF and IRE1α. Additionally, SIRT7 plays a key role in maintenance of the epigenome as it caused the deacetylation of histone (H3K18) and global proteomics studies have shown its interaction with many chromatin remodelling complexes such as B-WICH and other proteins. Lately, the role of SIRT7 in hepatic lipid metabolism has been debated. This review attempts to summarize these recent findings and present the role of SIRT7 as an important cellular regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kiran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India
| | - Tarique Anwar
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India
| | - Manjari Kiran
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi 110070, India
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Xiao S, Caglar E, Maldonado P, Das D, Nadeem Z, Chi A, Trinité B, Li X, Saxena A. Induced expression of nucleolin phosphorylation-deficient mutant confers dominant-negative effect on cell proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109858. [PMID: 25313645 PMCID: PMC4196967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein that has pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation and is elevated in a variety of tumors. NCL is highly phosphorylated at the N-terminus by two major kinases: interphase casein kinase 2 (CK2) and mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Earlier we demonstrated that a NCL-mutant that is partly defective in undergoing phosphorylation by CK2 inhibits chromosomal replication through its interactions with Replication Protein A, mimicking the cellular response to DNA damage. We further delineated that the N-terminus of NCL associates with Hdm2, the most common E3 ubiquitin ligase of p53. We reported that NCL antagonizes Hdm2 to stabilize p53 and stimulates p53 transcriptional activity. Although NCL-phosphorylation by CK2 and ribosomal DNA transcription are closely coordinated during interphase, the role of NCL phosphorylation in regulating cell proliferation remains unexplored. We have therefore engineered unique human cells that specifically induce expression of NCL-wild type (WT) or a phosphorylation-deficient NCL-mutant, 6/S*A where all the six CK2 consensus serine sites residing in the N-terminus NCL were mutated to alanine. Here we show that this NCL-mutant is defective in undergoing phosphorylation by CK2. We also demonstrate that NCL-phosphorylation by CK2 is required through the S-phase progression in cell cycle and hence proliferation. Induced expression of NCL with mutated CK2 phosphorylation sites stabilizes p53, results in higher expression of Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) homology 3 (BH3)-only apoptotic markers and causes a dominant-negative effect on cell viability. Our unique cellular system thus provides the first evidential support to delineate phospho-specific functions of NCL on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xiao
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elif Caglar
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Maldonado
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dibash Das
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zaineb Nadeem
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Angela Chi
- Great Neck South High School, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Diesch J, Hannan RD, Sanij E. Perturbations at the ribosomal genes loci are at the centre of cellular dysfunction and human disease. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:43. [PMID: 25949792 PMCID: PMC4422213 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene (rDNA) transcription by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) drives cell growth and underlies nucleolar structure and function, indirectly coordinating many fundamental cellular processes. The importance of keeping rDNA transcription under tight control is reflected by the fact that deranged Pol I transcription is a feature of cancer and other human disorders. In this review, we discuss multiple aspects of rDNA function including the relationship between Pol I transcription and proliferative capacity, the role of Pol I transcription in mediating nucleolar structure and integrity, and rDNA/nucleolar interactions with the genome and their influence on heterochromatin and global genome stability. Furthermore, we discuss how perturbations in the structure of the rDNA loci might contribute to human disease, in some cases independent of effects on ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Diesch
- Growth Control Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Growth Control Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia ; Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia ; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Growth Control Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia ; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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45
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Sletten T, Kostas M, Bober J, Sorensen V, Yadollahi M, Olsnes S, Tomala J, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M, Wiedlocha A. Nucleolin regulates phosphorylation and nuclear export of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). PLoS One 2014; 9:e90687. [PMID: 24595027 PMCID: PMC3942467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) acts through cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors, but FGF1 can also act directly in the cell nucleus, as a result of nuclear import of endogenously produced, non-secreted FGF1 or by transport of extracellular FGF1 via endosomes and cytosol into the nucleus. In the nucleus, FGF1 can be phosphorylated by protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), and this event induces nuclear export of FGF1. To identify intracellular targets of FGF1 we performed affinity pull-down assays and identified nucleolin, a nuclear multifunctional protein, as an interaction partner of FGF1. We confirmed a direct nucleolin-FGF1 interaction by surface plasmon resonance and identified residues of FGF1 involved in the binding to be located within the heparin binding site. To assess the biological role of the nucleolin-FGF1 interaction, we studied the intracellular trafficking of FGF1. In nucleolin depleted cells, exogenous FGF1 was endocytosed and translocated to the cytosol and nucleus, but FGF1 was not phosphorylated by PKCδ or exported from the nucleus. Using FGF1 mutants with reduced binding to nucleolin and a FGF1-phosphomimetic mutant, we showed that the nucleolin-FGF1 interaction is critical for the intranuclear phosphorylation of FGF1 by PKCδ and thereby the regulation of nuclear export of FGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Sletten
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Michal Kostas
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bober
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vigdis Sorensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mandana Yadollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Olsnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Justyna Tomala
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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46
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Dutertre M, Lambert S, Carreira A, Amor-Guéret M, Vagner S. DNA damage: RNA-binding proteins protect from near and far. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Antoniali G, Lirussi L, Poletto M, Tell G. Emerging roles of the nucleolus in regulating the DNA damage response: the noncanonical DNA repair enzyme APE1/Ref-1 as a paradigmatical example. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:621-39. [PMID: 23879289 PMCID: PMC3901381 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An emerging concept in DNA repair mechanisms is the evidence that some key enzymes, besides their role in the maintenance of genome stability, display also unexpected noncanonical functions associated with RNA metabolism in specific subcellular districts (e.g., nucleoli). During the evolution of these key enzymes, the acquisition of unfolded domains significantly amplified the possibility to interact with different partners and substrates, possibly explaining their phylogenetic gain of functions. RECENT ADVANCES After nucleolar stress or DNA damage, many DNA repair proteins can freely relocalize from nucleoli to the nucleoplasm. This process may represent a surveillance mechanism to monitor the synthesis and correct assembly of ribosomal units affecting cell cycle progression or inducing p53-mediated apoptosis or senescence. CRITICAL ISSUES A paradigm for this kind of regulation is represented by some enzymes of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, such as apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). In this review, the role of the nucleolus and the noncanonical functions of the APE1 protein are discussed in light of their possible implications in human pathologies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A productive cross-talk between DNA repair enzymes and proteins involved in RNA metabolism seems reasonable as the nucleolus is emerging as a dynamic functional hub that coordinates cell growth arrest and DNA repair mechanisms. These findings will drive further analyses on other BER proteins and might imply that nucleic acid processing enzymes are more versatile than originally thought having evolved DNA-targeted functions after a previous life in the early RNA world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antoniali
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine , Udine, Italy
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48
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Quin JE, Devlin JR, Cameron D, Hannan KM, Pearson RB, Hannan RD. Targeting the nucleolus for cancer intervention. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:802-16. [PMID: 24389329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the nucleolus to cancer is well established with respect to its traditional role in facilitating ribosome biogenesis and proliferative capacity. More contemporary studies however, infer that nucleoli contribute a much broader role in malignant transformation. Specifically, extra-ribosomal functions of the nucleolus position it as a central integrator of cellular proliferation and stress signaling, and are emerging as important mechanisms for modulating how oncogenes and tumor suppressors operate in normal and malignant cells. The dependence of certain tumor cells to co-opt nucleolar processes to maintain their cancer phenotypes has now clearly been demonstrated by the application of small molecule inhibitors of RNA Polymerase I to block ribosomal DNA transcription and disrupt nucleolar function (Bywater et al., 2012 [1]). These drugs, which selectively kill tumor cells in vivo while sparing normal cells, have now progressed to clinical trials. It is likely that we have only just begun to scratch the surface of the potential of the nucleolus as a new target for cancer therapy, with "suppression of nucleolar stress" representing an emerging "hallmark" of cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn E Quin
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald Cameron
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate M Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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49
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Panico K, Forti FL. Proteomic, cellular, and network analyses reveal new DUSP3 interactions with nucleolar proteins in HeLa cells. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5851-66. [PMID: 24245651 DOI: 10.1021/pr400867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DUSP3 (or Vaccinia virus phosphatase VH1-related; VHR) is a small dual-specificity phosphatase known to dephosphorylate c-Jun N-terminal kinases and extracellular signal-regulated kinases. In human cervical cancer cells, DUSP3 is overexpressed, localizes preferentially to the nucleus, and plays a key role in cellular proliferation and senescence triggering. Other DUSP3 functions are still unknown, as illustrated by recent and unpublished results from our group showing that this enzyme mediates DNA damage response or repair processes. In this study, we sought to identify new interactions between DUSP3 and proteins directly or indirectly involved in or correlated with its biological roles in HeLa cells exposed to gamma or UV radiation. By using GST-DUSP as bait, we pulled down interacting proteins and identified them by LC-MS/MS. Of the 46 proteins obtained, six hits were extensively validated by immune techniques; the proteins Nucleophosmin, HnRNP C1/C2, and Nucleolin were the most promising targets found to directly interact with DUSP3. We then analyzed the DUSP3 interactomes using physical protein-protein interaction networks using our hits as the seed list. The validated hits as well as unvalidated hits fluctuated on the DUSP3 interactomes of HeLa cells, independent of the time post radiation, which confirmed our proteomic and experimental data and clearly showed the proximity of DUSP3 to proteins involved in processes intimately related to DNA repair and senescence, such as Ku70 and Tert, via interactions with nucleolar proteins, which were identified in this study, that regulate DNA/RNA structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Panico
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo Andre-SP 09210-170, Brazil
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50
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Hein N, Hannan KM, George AJ, Sanij E, Hannan RD. The nucleolus: an emerging target for cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:643-54. [PMID: 23953479 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over 100 years, pathologists have utilised an increase in size and number of nucleoli, the subnuclear site of ribosome synthesis, as a marker of aggressive tumours. Despite this, the contribution of the nucleolus and ribosomal RNA synthesis to cancer has been largely overlooked. This concept has recently changed with the demonstration that the nucleolus indirectly controls numerous other cellular functions, in particular, the cellular activity of the critical tumour suppressor protein, p53. Moreover, selective inhibition of ribosomal gene transcription in the nucleolus has been shown to be an effective therapeutic strategy to promote cancer-specific activation of p53. This article reviews the largely untapped potential of the nucleolus and ribosomal gene transcription as exciting new targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hein
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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