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Zhang H, Liu D, Xu QF, Wei J, Zhao Y, Xu DF, Wang Y, Liu YJ, Zhu XY, Jiang L. Endothelial RSPO3 mediates pulmonary endothelial regeneration by LGR4-dependent activation of β-catenin and ILK signaling pathways after inflammatory vascular injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131805. [PMID: 38677673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial repair is essential for restoring tissue fluid homeostasis following lung injury. R-spondin3 (RSPO3), a secreted protein mainly produced by endothelial cells (ECs), has shown its protective effect on endothelium. However, the specific mechanisms remain unknown. To explore whether and how RSPO3 regulates endothelial regeneration after inflammatory vascular injury, the role of RSPO3 in sepsis-induced pulmonary endothelial injury was investigated in EC-specific RSPO3 knockdown, inducible EC-specific RSPO3 deletion mice, EC-specific RSPO3 overexpression mice, systemic RSPO3-administration mice, in isolated mouse lung vascular endothelial cells (MLVECs), and in plasma from septic patients. Here we show that plasma RSPO3 levels are decreased in septic patients and correlated with endothelial injury markers and PaO2/FiO2 index. Both pulmonary EC-specific knockdown of RSPO3 and inducible EC-specific RSPO3 deletion inhibit pulmonary ECs proliferation and exacerbate ECs injury, whereas intra-pulmonary EC-specific RSPO3 overexpression promotes endothelial recovery and attenuates ECs injury during endotoxemia. We show that RSPO3 mediates pulmonary endothelial regeneration by a LGR4-dependent manner. Except for β-catenin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/Akt is also identified as a novel downstream effector of RSPO3/LGR4 signaling. These results conclude that EC-derived RSPO3 mediates pulmonary endothelial regeneration by LGR4-dependent activation of β-catenin and ILK signaling pathways after inflammatory vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Juan Wei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, PR China
| | - Dun-Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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ATP allosterically stabilizes integrin-linked kinase for efficient force generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2106098119. [PMID: 35259013 PMCID: PMC8933812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106098119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudokinase integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a central component of focal adhesions, cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that integrate and transduce biochemical and mechanical signals from the extracellular environment into the cell and vice versa. However, the precise molecular functions, particularly the mechanosensory properties of ILK and the significance of retained adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding, are still unclear. Combining molecular-dynamics simulations with cell biology, we establish a role for ATP binding to pseudokinases. We find that ATP promotes the structural stability of ILK, allosterically influences the interaction between ILK and its binding partner parvin at adhesions, and enhances the mechanoresistance of this complex. On the cellular level, ATP binding facilitates efficient traction force buildup, focal adhesion stabilization, and efficient cell migration. Focal adhesions link the actomyosin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix regulating cell adhesion, shape, and migration. Adhesions are dynamically assembled and disassembled in response to extrinsic and intrinsic forces, but how the essential adhesion component integrin-linked kinase (ILK) dynamically responds to mechanical force and what role adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bound to this pseudokinase plays remain elusive. Here, we apply force–probe molecular-dynamics simulations of human ILK:α-parvin coupled to traction force microscopy to explore ILK mechanotransducing functions. We identify two key salt-bridge–forming arginines within the allosteric, ATP-dependent force-propagation network of ILK. Disrupting this network by mutation impedes parvin binding, focal adhesion stabilization, force generation, and thus migration. Under tension, ATP shifts the balance from rupture of the complex to protein unfolding, indicating that ATP increases the force threshold required for focal adhesion disassembly. Our study proposes a role of ATP as an obligatory binding partner for structural and mechanical integrity of the pseudokinase ILK, ensuring efficient cellular force generation and migration.
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Indoxyl sulfate- and P-cresol-induced monocyte adhesion and migration is mediated by integrin-linked kinase-dependent podosome formation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:226-238. [PMID: 35246616 PMCID: PMC8980039 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Protein-bound uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl and indoxyl sulfate (IS), are poorly removed during hemodialysis, leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte extravasation. These processes can be related to dynamic adhesion structures called podosomes. Several studies have indicated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the accumulation of integrin-associated proteins in podosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of ILK and podosome formation in the adhesion and extravasation of monocytes under p-cresol (pc) and IS exposure. Incubation of THP-1 human monocyte cells with these toxins upregulated ILK kinase activity. Together, both toxins increased cell adhesion, podosome formation, extracellular matrix degradation, and migration of THP-1 cells, whereas ILK depletion with specific small interfering RNAs suppressed these processes. Interestingly, F-actin colocalized with cortactin in podosome cores, while ILK was colocalized in podosome rings under toxin stimulation. Podosome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-interacting protein (WIP) and AKT protein depletion demonstrated that monocyte adhesion depends on podosome formation and that the ILK/AKT signaling pathway is involved in these processes. Ex vivo experiments showed that both toxins induced adhesion and podosome formation in leukocytes from wild-type mice, whereas these effects were not observed in leukocytes of conditional ILK-knockdown animals. In summary, under pc and IS stimulation, monocytes increase podosome formation and transmigratory capacity through an ILK/AKT signaling pathway-dependent mechanism, which could lead to vascular injury. Therefore, ILK could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular damage associated with CKD. An enzyme involved in organizing structural proteins into protrusions of the cell membrane helps facilitate the movement of white blood cells that occurs in chronic kidney disease and can lead to cardiovascular damage. Laura Calleros from the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain, and colleagues showed how toxic metabolites that build up in the bloodstream as kidneys fail induce the activity of an enzyme called integrin-linked kinase (ILK). This enzyme in turn spurs white blood cells to form protrusions called podosomes that make the cells more mobile, enabling them to move out of blood vessels and into surrounding tissues where they can cause inflammation -mediated injury. ILK inactivation reversed these effects. Therapies that target the enzyme could therefore help limit the cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease.
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Blachier F, Andriamihaja M. Effects of the L-tyrosine-derived bacterial metabolite p-cresol on colonic and peripheral cells. Amino Acids 2021; 54:325-338. [PMID: 34468872 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Specific families of bacteria present within the intestinal luminal content produce p-cresol from L-tyrosine. Although the hosts do not synthesize p-cresol, they can metabolize this compound within their colonic mucosa and liver leading to the production of co-metabolites including p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS) and p-cresyl glucuronide (p-CG). p-Cresol and its co-metabolites are recovered in the circulation mainly conjugated to albumin, but also in their free forms that are excreted in the urine. An increased dietary protein intake raises the amount of p-cresol recovered in the feces and urine, while fecal excretion of p-cresol is diminished by a diet containing undigestible polysaccharides. p-Cresol in excess is genotoxic for colonocytes. In addition, in these cells, this bacterial metabolite decreases mitochondrial oxygen consumption, while increasing the anion superoxide production. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), marked accumulation of p-cresol and p-CS in plasma is measured, and in renal tubular cells, p-cresol and p-CS increase oxidative stress, affect mitochondrial function, and lead to cell death, strongly suggesting that these 2 compounds act as uremic toxins that aggravate CKD progression. p-Cresol and p-CS are also suspected to play a role in the CKD-associated adverse cardiovascular events, since they affect endothelial cell proliferation and migration, decrease the capacity of endothelial wound repair, and increase the senescence of endothelial cells. Finally, the fact that concentration of p-cresol is transiently increased in young autistic children biological fluids, and that intraperitoneal injection of p-cresol in animal models induces some behavioral characteristics observed in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD), raise the view that p-cresol may possibly represent one of the components involved in ASD etiology. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are obviously needed to determine if the lowering of p-cresol and/or p-CS circulating concentrations, by dietary and/or pharmacological means, would allow, by itself or in combination with other interventions, to improve CKD progression and associated cardiovascular outcomes, as well as some neurological outcomes in children with an early diagnosis of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France.
| | - M Andriamihaja
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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6
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Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Regulates Urinary Stem Cells Differentiation into Smooth Muscle via NF- κB Signal Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6633111. [PMID: 33854551 PMCID: PMC8019365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Urinary stem cells (USCs) have the capacity for unlimited growth and are promising tools for the investigations of cell differentiation and urinary regeneration. However, the limited life span significantly restricts their usefulness. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiation of the dog USCs and investigating its molecular mechanism. Methods An immortalized USCs cell line with the molecular markers and biological functions was prepared. After successfully inducing the differentiation of USCs into SMCs, the expression level of the unique key factor and its mechanisms in this process was determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or Immunofluorescence staining. Results We found that high cell density promoted USCs differentiation SMCs, and ILK was necessary for USCs differentiation into SMCs. Knocking down ILK decreased the expression of SMCs specific-marker, while using a selective ILK agonist increased the expression of SMCs specific-marker. Furthermore, ILK regulated SMCs differentiation in part through the activation of NF-κB pathway in USCs. A NF-κB activity assay showed overexpression of ILK could significantly upregulate NF-κB p50 expression, and NF-κB p50 acts as downstream signal molecular of ILK. Conclusion High cell density induces the differentiation of USCs into SMCs, and ILK is a key regulator of myogenesis. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway might play a crucial role in this process.
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Nikolopoulou PA, Koufaki MA, Kostourou V. The Adhesome Network: Key Components Shaping the Tumour Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 33573141 PMCID: PMC7866493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the conventional perception of solid tumours as mere masses of cancer cells, advanced cancer research focuses on the complex contributions of tumour-associated host cells that are known as "tumour microenvironment" (TME). It has been long appreciated that the tumour stroma, composed mainly of blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), define the tumour architecture and influence cancer cell properties. Besides soluble cues, that mediate the crosstalk between tumour and stroma cells, cell adhesion to ECM arises as a crucial determinant in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how adhesome, the intracellular protein network formed at cell adhesions, regulate the TME and control malignancy. The role of adhesome extends beyond the physical attachment of cells to ECM and the regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and acts as a signalling and mechanosensing hub, orchestrating cellular responses that shape the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Athens, Greece; (P.A.N.); (M.A.K.)
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8
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Werner AC, Weckbach LT, Salvermoser M, Pitter B, Cao J, Maier-Begandt D, Forné I, Schnittler HJ, Walzog B, Montanez E. Coronin 1B Controls Endothelial Actin Dynamics at Cell-Cell Junctions and Is Required for Endothelial Network Assembly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:708. [PMID: 32850828 PMCID: PMC7411154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and homeostasis of blood vessels critically depend on the regulation of endothelial cell–cell junctions. VE-cadherin (VEcad)-based cell–cell junctions are connected to the actin cytoskeleton and regulated by actin-binding proteins. Coronin 1B (Coro1B) is an actin binding protein that controls actin networks at classical lamellipodia. The role of Coro1B in endothelial cells (ECs) is not fully understood and investigated in this study. Here, we demonstrate that Coro1B is a novel component and regulator of cell–cell junctions in ECs. Immunofluorescence studies show that Coro1B colocalizes with VEcad at cell–cell junctions in monolayers of ECs. Live-cell imaging reveals that Coro1B is recruited to, and operated at actin-driven membrane protrusions at cell–cell junctions. Coro1B is recruited to cell–cell junctions via a mechanism that requires the relaxation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By analyzing the Coro1B interactome, we identify integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as new Coro1B-associated protein. Coro1B colocalizes with α-parvin, an interactor of ILK, at the leading edge of lamellipodia protrusions. Functional experiments reveal that depletion of Coro1B causes defects in the actin cytoskeleton and cell–cell junctions. Finally, in matrigel tube network assays, depletion of Coro1B results in reduced network complexity, tube number and tube length. Together, our findings point toward a critical role for Coro1B in the dynamic remodeling of endothelial cell–cell junctions and the assembly of endothelial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Werner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T Weckbach
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Salvermoser
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Pitter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Integrin-linked kinase controls retinal angiogenesis and is linked to Wnt signaling and exudative vitreoretinopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5243. [PMID: 31748531 PMCID: PMC6868140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a human disease characterized by defective retinal angiogenesis and associated complications that can result in vision loss. Defective Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an established cause of FEVR, whereas other molecular alterations contributing to the disease remain insufficiently understood. Here, we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a mediator of cell-matrix interactions, is indispensable for retinal angiogenesis. Inactivation of the murine Ilk gene in postnatal endothelial cells results in sprouting defects, reduced endothelial proliferation and disruption of the blood-retina barrier, resembling phenotypes seen in established mouse models of FEVR. Retinal vascularization defects are phenocopied by inducible inactivation of the gene for α-parvin (Parva), an interactor of ILK. Screening genomic DNA samples from exudative vitreoretinopathy patients identifies three distinct mutations in human ILK, which compromise the function of the gene product in vitro. Together, our data suggest that defective cell-matrix interactions are linked to Wnt signaling and FEVR. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an important mediator of integrin signaling. Here Park et al. show that mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Ilk develop vascular defects that resemble familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and identify mutations in ILK in patients with exudative vitreoretinopathy suggesting a potential role in human pathogenesis.
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Huang M, Zhu S, Huang H, He J, Tsuji K, Jin WW, Xie D, Ham O, Capen DE, Lu W, Păunescu TG, Yang B, Lu HAJ. Integrin-Linked Kinase Deficiency in Collecting Duct Principal Cell Promotes Necroptosis of Principal Cell and Contributes to Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2073-2090. [PMID: 31653783 PMCID: PMC6830785 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway that plays a critical role in AKI. The involvement of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in necroptosis has not been studied. METHODS We performed experiments in mice with an Ilk deletion in collecting duct (CD) principal cells (PCs), and cultured tubular epithelial cells treated with an ILK inhibitor or ILK siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Ilk deletion in CD PCs resulted in acute tubular injury and early mortality in mice. Progressive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation associated with the activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade were detected in the kidneys of the mice lacking ILK in the CD PCs. In contrast to the minimal apoptosis detected in the animals' injured CDs, widespread necroptosis was present in ILK-deficient PCs, characterized by cell swelling, deformed mitochondria, and rupture of plasma membrane. In addition, ILK deficiency resulted in increased expression and activation of necroptotic proteins MLKL and RIPK3, and membrane translocation of MLKL in CD PCs. ILK inhibition and siRNA knockdown reduced cell survival in cultured tubular cells, concomitant with increased membrane accumulation of MLKL and/or phospho-MLKL. Administration of a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, blocked cell death in vitro and significantly attenuated inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and renal failure in ILK-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the critical involvement of ILK in necroptosis through modulation of the RIPK3 and MLKL pathway and highlights the contribution of CD PC injury to the development of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinzhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William W Jin
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongping Xie
- Department of Physiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Onju Ham
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Capen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Departments of Medicine, and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China;
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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11
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Hou J, Liu B, Zhu B, Wang D, Qiao Y, Luo E, Nawabi AQ, Yan G, Tang C. Role of integrin-linked kinase in the hypoxia-induced phenotypic transition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: Implications for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111476. [PMID: 31255599 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic transition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from a contractile/differentiated to synthetic/de-differentiated phenotype is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an early hypoxic response factor whose kinase activity is significantly affected during early hypoxia. Myocardin and ETS-like protein 1 (Elk-1) are co-activators of serum response factor (SRF) and can bind to SRF to mediate the phenotypic transition of PASMCs. However, little is known about the role of ILK on the phenotypic transition of these PASMCs. Thus, in our study, we explored the role of ILK in this process. We found that the expression of ILK and myocardin decreased gradually with the increase in hypoxia exposure time in the pulmonary arteries of rats. We observed that hypoxia exposure for 1 h caused an increase in the phosphorylation of Elk-1 but did not affect the expression of ILK, myocardin, or SRF. Exposure to hypoxic treatment for 1 h decreased ILK kinase activity and caused Elk-1 to suppress myocardin binding to SRF and the smooth muscle (SM) α-actin gene promoters. In addition, hypoxia exposure for 24 h decreased the expression of ILK, myocardin, SM α-actin, and calponin but increased the expression of osteopontin. Silencing of the myocardin gene significantly decreased the expression of SM α-actin and calponin but increased the expression of osteopontin. Silencing of the ILK gene significantly decreased the expression of myocardin, SM α-actin, and calponin but increased the expression of osteopontin. ILK overexpression reversed the effects of 24 h of hypoxia on the expression of myocardin, SM α-actin, calponin, and osteopontin and reversed the decrease in binding of myocardin to the SM α-actin promoter caused by 24 h of hypoxia exposure. Thus, our results suggest that ILK initiates the phenotypic transition of PASMCs. The underlying mechanism may involve hypoxia downregulating ILK kinase activity and protein expression, causing Elk-1 to compete with myocardin for binding to the SM α-actin promoter, which downregulates the expression of the downstream target myocardin and results in the phenotypic transition of PASMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. This may be an important mechanism in the development of HPH.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Hypoxia/genetics
- Cobalt/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Hemodynamics/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/enzymology
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/genetics
- ets-Domain Protein Elk-1/metabolism
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Boqian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Erfei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Abdul Qadir Nawabi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Karimi E, Abbasi S, Abbasi N. Thymol polymeric nanoparticle synthesis and its effects on the toxicity of high glucose on OEC cells: involvement of growth factors and integrin-linked kinase. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2513-2532. [PMID: 31440034 PMCID: PMC6664260 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s214454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Nowadays, the drug delivery system is important in the treatment of diseases. Purpose A polymeric nanoparticle modified by oleic acid (NPMO) as a Thymol (Thy) drug release system was synthesized from Thymbra spicata and its neurotrophic and angiogenic effects on rat’s olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in normal (NG) and high glucose (HG) conditions were studied. Methods The NPMO was characterized by using different spectroscopy methods, such as infrared, HNMR, CNMR, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Load and releasing were investigated by HPLC. The toxicity against OECs diet-induced by MTT assay. ROS and generation of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein and Griess method, respectively. The expression of protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were evaluated by Western blotting. Results ThyNPMO is desirable for transferring drug as a carrier. The amount of Thy and extract (E) loaded on NPMO estimated at 43±2.5% and 41±1.8%, respectively. Then, 65% and 63% of the drug load were released, respectively. Thy, ThyNPMO, E, and ENPMO prevented HG-induced OECs cell death (EC50 33±1.5, 22±0.9, 35±1.8, and 25±1.1 μM, respectively). Incubation with Thy, ThyNPMO, E ,and ENPMO at high concentrations increased cell death with LC50 105±3.5, 82±2.8, 109±4.3, and 86±3.4 μM, respectively in HG states. Conclusion OECs were protected by ThyNPMO and ENPMO in protective concentrations by reducing the amount of ROS and NO, maintaining ILK, reducing VEGF, and increasing BDNF and NGF. The mentioned mechanisms were totally reversed at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahryar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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13
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Everson TM, Marable C, Deyssenroth MA, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Lambertini L, Karagas MR, Chen J, Marsit CJ. Placental Expression of Imprinted Genes, Overall and in Sex-Specific Patterns, Associated with Placental Cadmium Concentrations and Birth Size. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:57005. [PMID: 31082282 PMCID: PMC6791491 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to restrict growth, and male and female fetuses may have differential susceptibility to the developmental toxicity of Cd. Imprinted genes, which exhibit monoallelic expression based on parent of origin, are highly expressed in placental tissues. The function of these genes is particularly critical to fetal growth and development, and some are expressed in sex-specific patterns. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether prenatal Cd associates with the expression of imprinted placental genes, overall or in fetal sex-specific patterns, across two independent epidemiologic studies. METHODS We tested for Cd–sex interactions in association with gene expression, then regressed the placental expression levels of 74 putative imprinted genes on placental log-Cd concentrations while adjusting for maternal age, sex, smoking history, and educational attainment. These models were performed within study- and sex-specific strata in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; [Formula: see text]) and the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS; [Formula: see text]). We then used fixed-effects models to estimate the sex-specific and overall associations across strata and then examine heterogeneity in the associations by fetal sex. RESULTS We observed that higher Cd concentrations were associated with higher expression of distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) ([Formula: see text]), and lower expression of h19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19) ([Formula: see text]) and necdin, MAGE family member (NDN) ([Formula: see text]) across study and sex-specific strata, while three other genes [carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), growth factor receptor bound protein 10 (GRB10), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK)] were significantly associated with Cd concentrations, but only among female placenta ([Formula: see text]). Additionally, the expression of DLX5, H19, and NDN, the most statistically significant Cd-associated genes, were also associated with standardized birth weight z-scores. DISCUSSION The differential regulation of a set of imprinted genes, particularly DLX5, H19, and NDN, in association with prenatal Cd exposure may be involved in overall developmental toxicity, and some imprinted genes may respond to Cd exposure in a manner that is specific to infant gender. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carmen Marable
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maya A. Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Urner S, Planas-Paz L, Hilger LS, Henning C, Branopolski A, Kelly-Goss M, Stanczuk L, Pitter B, Montanez E, Peirce SM, Mäkinen T, Lammert E. Identification of ILK as a critical regulator of VEGFR3 signalling and lymphatic vascular growth. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899322. [PMID: 30518533 PMCID: PMC6331728 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 (VEGFR3) signalling promotes lymphangiogenesis. While there are many reported mechanisms of VEGFR3 activation, there is little understanding of how VEGFR3 signalling is attenuated to prevent lymphatic vascular overgrowth and ensure proper lymph vessel development. Here, we show that endothelial cell‐specific depletion of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) in mouse embryos hyper‐activates VEGFR3 signalling and leads to overgrowth of the jugular lymph sacs/primordial thoracic ducts, oedema and embryonic lethality. Lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)‐specific deletion of Ilk in adult mice initiates lymphatic vascular expansion in different organs, including cornea, skin and myocardium. Knockdown of ILK in human LECs triggers VEGFR3 tyrosine phosphorylation and proliferation. ILK is further found to impede interactions between VEGFR3 and β1 integrin in vitro and in vivo, and endothelial cell‐specific deletion of an Itgb1 allele rescues the excessive lymphatic vascular growth observed upon ILK depletion. Finally, mechanical stimulation disrupts the assembly of ILK and β1 integrin, releasing the integrin to enable its interaction with VEGFR3. Our data suggest that ILK facilitates mechanically regulated VEGFR3 signalling via controlling its interaction with β1 integrin and thus ensures proper development of lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Urner
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Planas-Paz
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Sophie Hilger
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Henning
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Branopolski
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Molly Kelly-Goss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lukas Stanczuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Pitter
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany .,Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Kadry YA, Huet-Calderwood C, Simon B, Calderwood DA. Kindlin-2 interacts with a highly conserved surface of ILK to regulate focal adhesion localization and cell spreading. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.221184. [PMID: 30254023 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin-associated adaptor proteins integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and kindlin-2 play central roles in integrin signaling and control of cell morphology. A direct ILK-kindlin-2 interaction is conserved across species and involves the F2PH subdomain of kindlin-2 and the pseudokinase domain (pKD) of ILK. However, complete understanding of the ILK-kindlin-2 interaction and its role in integrin-mediated signaling has been impeded by difficulties identifying the binding site for kindlin-2 on ILK. We used conservation-guided mapping to dissect the interaction between ILK and kindlin-2 and identified a previously unknown binding site for kindlin-2 on the C-lobe of the pKD of ILK. Mutations at this site inhibit binding to kindlin-2 while maintaining structural integrity of the pKD. Importantly, kindlin-binding-defective ILK mutants exhibit impaired focal adhesion localization and fail to fully rescue the spreading defects seen in ILK knockdown cells. Furthermore, kindlin-2 mutants with impaired ILK binding are also unable to fully support cell spreading. Thus, the interaction between ILK and kindlin-2 is critical for cell spreading and focal adhesion localization, representing a key signaling axis downstream of integrins.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Bertrand Simon
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA
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16
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OSU-T315 as an Interesting Lead Molecule for Novel B Cell-Specific Therapeutics. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2505818. [PMID: 30276218 PMCID: PMC6157143 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2505818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are pathogenic in various disease processes and therefore represent an interesting target for the development of novel immunosuppressants. In the search for new therapeutic molecules, we utilized an in vitro B cell activation assay with ODN2006-stimulated Namalwa cells to screen a chemical library of small molecules for B cell modulating effects. OSU-T315, described as an inhibitor of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), was hereby identified as a hit. On human and murine primary B cells, OSU-T315 potently suppressed the proliferation and the production of antibodies and cytokines upon stimulation, suggesting that ILK could be a promising target in the modulation of B cell activity. Mice with B cell-specific knockout of ILK were generated. Surprisingly, knockout of ILK in murine B cells did not affect B cell function as assessed by several in vivo and ex vivo B cell assays and did not alter the B cell immunosuppressive activity of OSU-T315. In conclusion, OSU-T315 displays potency as B cell modulator, probably through a mechanism of action independent of ILK, and might serve as lead drug molecule for the development of novel B cell-selective drugs.
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17
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Alasseiri M, Ahmed AU, Williams BRG. Mechanisms and consequences of constitutive activation of integrin-linked kinase in acute myeloid leukemia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:1-7. [PMID: 29903521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has emerged as a critical adaptor and mediator protein in cell signaling pathways that is commonly deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This has led to the expectation that therapeutic targeting of ILK may be a useful option in treating leukemia. Although ILK can regulate many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, survival, migration, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, its role in promoting AML is still unclear. However, its ability to mediate phosphorylation and regulate the important hematopoietic stem cell regulators protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β supports ILK as an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge of ILK signaling and its impact on cytokines, paying particular attention to the relevance of ILK signaling in AML. We also discuss the rationale for targeting ILK in the treatment of AML and conclude with perspectives on the future of ILK-targeted therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alasseiri
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afsar U Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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18
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Wang Z, Chai Q, Zhu M. Differential Roles of LTβR in Endothelial Cell Subsets for Lymph Node Organogenesis and Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:69-76. [PMID: 29760194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cross-talk mediated by lymphotoxin αβ-lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling plays a critical role in lymph node (LN) development. Although the major role of LTβR signaling has long been considered to occur in mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells, a recent study using a VE-cadherincreLtbrfl/fl mouse model suggested that endothelial LTβR signaling contributes to the formation of LNs. However, the detailed roles of LTβR in different endothelial cells (ECs) in LN development remain unknown. Using various cre transgenic mouse models (Tekcre , a strain targeting ECs, and Lyve1cre , mainly targeting lymphatic ECs), we observed that specific LTβR ablation in Tekcre+ or Lyve1cre+ cells is not required for LN formation. Moreover, double-cre-mediated LTβR depletion does not interrupt LN formation. Nevertheless, TekcreLtbrfl/fl mice exhibit reduced lymphoid tissue inducer cell accumulation at the LN anlagen and impaired LN maturation. Interestingly, a subset of ECs (VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs) was found to be enriched in transcripts related to hematopoietic cell recruitment and transendothelial migration, resembling LN high ECs in adult animals. Furthermore, endothelial Tek was observed to negatively regulate hematopoietic cell transmigration. Taken together, our data suggest that although Tekcre+ endothelial LTβR is required for the accumulation of hematopoietic cells and full LN maturation, LTβR in VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs in embryos might represent a critical portal-determining factor for LN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Izawa Y, Gu YH, Osada T, Kanazawa M, Hawkins BT, Koziol JA, Papayannopoulou T, Spatz M, Del Zoppo GJ. β1-integrin-matrix interactions modulate cerebral microvessel endothelial cell tight junction expression and permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:641-658. [PMID: 28787238 PMCID: PMC5888854 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17722108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acutely following focal cerebral ischemia disruption of the microvessel blood-brain barrier allows transit of plasma proteins into the neuropil as edema formation that coincides with loss of microvessel endothelial β1-integrins. We extend previous findings to show that interference with endothelial β1-integrin-matrix adhesion by the monoclonal IgM Ha2/5 increases the permeability of primary cerebral microvascular endothelial cell monolayers through reorganization of claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) from inter-endothelial borders. Interference with β1-integrin-matrix adhesion initiates F-actin conformational changes that coincide with claudin-5 redistribution. β1-integrin-matrix interference simultaneously increases phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), while inhibition of MLC kinase (MLCK) and Rho kinase (ROCK) abolishes the Ha2/5-dependent increased endothelial permeability by 6 h after β1-integrin-matrix interference. These observations are supported by concordant observations in the cortex of a high-quality murine conditional β1-integrin deletion construct. Together they support the hypothesis that detachment of β1-integrins from abluminal matrix ligands increases vascular endothelial permeability through reorganization of tight junction (TJ) proteins via altered F-actin conformation, and indicate that the β1-integrin-MLC signaling pathway is engaged when β1-integrin detachment occurs. These findings provide a novel approach to the research and treatment of cerebral disorders where the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier accounts for their progression and complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Izawa
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Huan Gu
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takashi Osada
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Brian T Hawkins
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Discovery, Science, & Technology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James A Koziol
- 5 Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Spatz
- 6 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory J Del Zoppo
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,7 Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Pitter B, Werner AC, Montanez E. Parvins Are Required for Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions and Cell Polarity During Embryonic Blood Vessel Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1147-1158. [PMID: 29567677 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During vascular development, integrin-mediated signaling regulates the formation and stabilization of cell-cell junctions, which are required for endothelial cell (EC) apical-basal polarity and proper deposition of the vascular basement membrane. Parvins are actin-binding proteins that facilitate the interaction of integrins with the actin cytoskeleton. The endothelium expresses 2 parvin isoforms: α-pv (α-parvin) and β-pv (β-parvin). Recently, we have shown that α-pv is critical for vessel growth and vessel stability at late embryonic developmental stages. The role of parvins during early embryonic development is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS To investigate the role of endothelial parvins in the developing vasculature, we generated mice with ECs lacking both parvin isoforms by deleting α-pv in ECs in global β-pv-/- mice (α-pvΔEC;β-pv-/- mice). Here, we show that α-pvΔEC;β-pv-/- mice die around embryonic day 11.5 and exhibit hemorrhages, immature capillary beds, and severe vascular defects in the central nervous system, including reduced vessel branching, increased vessel diameter, and balloon-like hemorrhagic clusters of ECs. Vessels in α-pvΔEC;β-pv-/- embryos display disorganized cell-cell junctions, impaired endothelial apical-basal polarity, and discontinuous basement membranes. These vascular defects are accompanied by defective pericyte-vessel interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that parvins are critical for the organization of endothelial cell-cell junctions, the establishment of endothelial apical-basal polarity, and the integrity of the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Pitter
- From the Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Werner
- From the Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- From the Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.
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21
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Dual Roles of Fer Kinase Are Required for Proper Hematopoiesis and Vascular Endothelium Organization during Zebrafish Development. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6040040. [PMID: 29168762 PMCID: PMC5745445 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fer kinase, a protein involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and proliferation, has been shown to be required during invertebrate development and has been implicated in leukemia, gastric cancer, and liver cancer. However, in vivo roles for Fer during vertebrate development have remained elusive. In this study, we bridge the gap between the invertebrate and vertebrate realms by showing that Fer kinase is required during zebrafish embryogenesis for normal hematopoiesis and vascular organization with distinct kinase dependent and independent functions. In situ hybridization, quantitative PCR and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses revealed an increase in both erythrocyte numbers and gene expression patterns as well as a decrease in the organization of vasculature endothelial cells. Furthermore, rescue experiments have shown that the regulation of hematopoietic proliferation is dependent on Fer kinase activity, while vascular organizing events only require Fer in a kinase-independent manner. Our data suggest a model in which separate kinase dependent and independent functions of Fer act in conjunction with Notch activity in a divergent manner for hematopoietic determination and vascular tissue organization.
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22
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Samuelsson AR, Belvindrah R, Wu C, Müller U, Halfter W. β1-Integrin Signaling is Essential for Lens Fiber Survival. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117762500700100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins have been proposed to play a major role in lens morphogenesis. To determine the role of β1-integrin and its down-stream signaling partner, integrin linked kinase (ILK), in lens morphogenesis, eyes of WT mice and mice with a nestin-linked conditional knockout of β1-integrin or ILK were analyzed for defects in lens development. Mice, lacking the genes encoding the p1-integrin subunit ( Itgb1) or ILK ( Ilk), showed a perinatal degeneration of the lens. Early signs of lens degeneration included vacuolization, random distribution of lens cell nuclei, disrupted fiber morphology and attenuation and separation of the lens capsule. The phenotype became progressively more severe during the first postnatal week eventually leading to the complete loss of the lens. A more severe phenotype was observed in ILK mutants at similar stages. Eyes from embryonic day 13 β1-integrin-mutant embryos showed no obvious signs of lens degeneration, indicating that mutant lens develops normally until peri-recombination. Our findings suggest that β1-integrins and ILK cooperate to control lens cell survival and link lens fibers to the surrounding extracellular matrix. The assembly and integrity of the lens capsule also appears to be reliant on integrin signaling within lens fibers. Extrapolation of these results indicates a novel role of integrins in lens cell-cell adhesions as well as a potential role in the pathogenesis of congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Samuelsson
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 1402 E Biological Science Tower, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Richard Belvindrah
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Childhood and Neglected Disease, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, 707 Scaife Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Uli Müller
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Childhood and Neglected Disease, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Willi Halfter
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 1402 E Biological Science Tower, Pittsburgh PA 15261
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23
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Reventun P, Alique M, Cuadrado I, Márquez S, Toro R, Zaragoza C, Saura M. iNOS-Derived Nitric Oxide Induces Integrin-Linked Kinase Endocytic Lysosome-Mediated Degradation in the Vascular Endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1272-1281. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
ILK (integrin-linked kinase) plays a key role in controlling vasomotor tone and is decreased in atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to test whether nitric oxide (NO) regulates ILK in vascular remodeling.
Approach and Results—
We found a striking correlation between increased levels of inducible nitric oxide and decreased ILK levels in human atherosclerosis and in a mouse model of vascular remodeling (carotid artery ligation) comparing with iNOS (inducible NO synthase) knockout mice. iNOS induction produced the same result in mouse aortic endothelial cells, and these effects were mimicked by an NO donor in a time-dependent manner. We found that NO decreased ILK protein stability by promoting the dissociation of the complex ILK/Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90)/eNOS (endothelial NO synthase), leading to eNOS uncoupling. NO also destabilized ILK signaling platform and lead to decreased levels of paxillin and α-parvin. ILK phosphorylation of its downstream target GSK3-β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) was decreased by NO. Mechanistically, NO increased ILK ubiquitination mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C terminus of HSC70-interacting protein), but ILK ubiquitination was not followed by proteasome degradation. Alternatively, NO drove ILK to degradation through the endocytic-lysosomal pathway. ILK colocalized with the lysosome marker LAMP-1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1) in endothelial cells, and inhibition of lysosome activity with chloroquine reversed the effect of NO. Likewise, ILK colocalized with the early endosome marker EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1). ILK endocytosis proceeded via dynamin because a specific inhibitor of dynamin (Dyngo 4a) was able to reverse ILK endocytosis and its lysosome degradation.
Conclusions—
Endocytosis regulates ILK signaling in vascular remodeling where there is an overload of inducible NO, and thus its inhibition may represent a novel target to fight atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Reventun
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Matilde Alique
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Irene Cuadrado
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Susana Márquez
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Rocío Toro
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
| | - Marta Saura
- From the Biology Systems Department, Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (P.R., M.A., S.M., M.S.); Cardiology Department, University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (C.Z.); and Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain (R.T.)
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24
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Huang Y, Ding L, Shao Y, Chen Z, Shen B, Ma Y, Zhu L, Wei Z. Integrin-Linked Kinase Improves Functional Recovery of Diabetic Cystopathy and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival and Engraftment in Rats. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:312-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Zeng B, Liu L, Wang S, Dai Z. ILK regulates MSCs survival and angiogenesis partially through AKT and mTOR signaling pathways. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:400-406. [PMID: 28457660 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert therapeutic effects on treating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Angiogenesis in ischemic heart can promote the supply of oxygen and nutrients to both ischemic myocardium and transplanted stem cells. Focus is then given to the evolving strategies amied at angiogenesis. ILK has been reported to be an important factor regulating apoptosis and angiogenesis. This study examined the role and mechanism of ILK in MSCs survival and angiogenesis. In hypoxic condition, upregulation of ILK expression increased the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, resulting in markedly enchanced MSCs survival and VEGF expression; while significantly inhibited MSCs survival and VEGF expression was detected in MSCs with ILK kinase inactivation, which was associated with a reduction of phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. In addition, it also caused an inhibitory effects of ILK on MSCs survival and VEGF expression, which was abolished by Akt or mTOR inhibitor. Furthermore, it was observed that ILK-overexpressed MSCs increased MSCs survival at 4days and angiogenesis at 3 weeks after transplantation into infracted myocardium as compared with GFP-MSCs group and ILK-SiRNA-MSCs group. This enhanced response was associated with attenuated left ventricular (LV) chamber dilation, reduced LV fibrosis, decreased infarct size and improved LV function. These findings reveal ILK play a pivotal role in regulating MSCs survival and VEGF expression partially through Akt and mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, transplantation of ILK-overexpressed MSCs into infracted myocardium resulted in reduced fibrosis, improved cardiac function and remodeling, which mainly medicated through increased MSCs survival and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxia District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxia, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Dai
- The First People's Hospital of Cardiology, Jinmen, Hubei, PR China
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26
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Kragl M, Schubert R, Karsjens H, Otter S, Bartosinska B, Jeruschke K, Weiss J, Chen C, Alsteens D, Kuss O, Speier S, Eberhard D, Müller DJ, Lammert E. The biomechanical properties of an epithelial tissue determine the location of its vasculature. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13560. [PMID: 27995929 PMCID: PMC5187430 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An important question is how growing tissues establish a blood vessel network. Here we study vascular network formation in pancreatic islets, endocrine tissues derived from pancreatic epithelium. We find that depletion of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the pancreatic epithelial cells of mice results in glucose intolerance due to a loss of the intra-islet vasculature. In turn, blood vessels accumulate at the islet periphery. Neither alterations in endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, morphology, Vegfa expression and VEGF-A secretion nor ‘empty sleeves' of vascular basement membrane are found. Instead, biophysical experiments reveal that the biomechanical properties of pancreatic islet cells, such as their actomyosin-mediated cortex tension and adhesive forces to endothelial cells, are significantly changed. These results suggest that a sorting event is driving the segregation of endothelial and epithelial cells and indicate that the epithelial biomechanical properties determine whether the blood vasculature invades or envelops a growing epithelial tissue. Vasculature is denser in soft than in stiff tissues. Kragl et al. suggest a mechanistic link between biomechanical tissue properties and vascularization by showing that integrin-linked kinase reduces the contractile forces of the cell cortex in endocrine pancreatic cells, facilitating their adhesion to blood vessels and enabling pancreatic islet vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kragl
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rajib Schubert
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Haiko Karsjens
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silke Otter
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Bartosinska
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kay Jeruschke
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chunguang Chen
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Alsteens
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kuss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Lavoie JR, Creskey MM, Muradia G, Bell GI, Sherman SE, Gao J, Stewart DJ, Cyr TD, Hess DA, Rosu-Myles M. Brief Report: Elastin Microfibril Interface 1 and Integrin-Linked Protein Kinase Are Novel Markers of Islet Regenerative Function in Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2249-55. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R. Lavoie
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Marybeth M. Creskey
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen E. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals and Biotherapeutics, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program and University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Terry D. Cyr
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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28
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Siragusa M, Fleming I. The eNOS signalosome and its link to endothelial dysfunction. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1125-1137. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Kumar A, Baycin-Hizal D, Wolozny D, Pedersen LE, Lewis NE, Heffner K, Chaerkady R, Cole RN, Shiloach J, Zhang H, Bowen MA, Betenbaugh MJ. Elucidation of the CHO Super-Ome (CHO-SO) by Proteoinformatics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4687-703. [PMID: 26418914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred host cell line for manufacturing a variety of complex biotherapeutic drugs including monoclonal antibodies. We performed a proteomics and bioinformatics analysis on the spent medium from adherent CHO cells. Supernatant from CHO-K1 culture was collected and subjected to in-solution digestion followed by LC/LC-MS/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 3281 different host cell proteins (HCPs). To functionally categorize them, we applied multiple bioinformatics tools to the proteins identified in our study including SignalP, TargetP, SecretomeP, TMHMM, WoLF PSORT, and Phobius. This analysis provided information on the presence of signal peptides, transmembrane domains, and cellular localization and showed that both secreted and intracellular proteins were constituents of the supernatant. Identified proteins were shown to be localized to the secretory pathway including ones playing roles in cell growth, proliferation, and folding as well as those involved in protein degradation and removal. After combining proteins predicted to be secreted or having a signal peptide, we identified 1015 proteins, which we termed as CHO supernatant-ome (CHO-SO), or superome. As a part of this effort, we created a publically accessible web-based tool called GO-CHO to functionally categorize proteins found in CHO-SO and identify enriched molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. We also used a tool to evaluate the immunogenicity potential of high-abundance HCPs. Among enriched functions were catalytic activity and structural constituents of the cytoskeleton. Various transport related biological processes, such as vesicle mediated transport, were found to be highly enriched. Extracellular space and vesicular exosome associated proteins were found to be the most enriched cellular components. The superome also contained proteins secreted from both classical and nonclassical secretory pathways. The work and database described in our study will enable the CHO community to rapidly identify high-abundance HCPs in their cultures and therefore help assess process and purification methods used in the production of biologic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institute of Health, Building 14A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Deniz Baycin-Hizal
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Daniel Wolozny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lasse Ebdrup Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Kelley Heffner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert N Cole
- Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institute of Health, Building 14A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 400 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Michael A Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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30
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Garikipati VNS, Krishnamurthy P, Verma SK, Khan M, Abramova T, Mackie AR, Qin G, Benedict C, Nickoloff E, Johnson J, Gao E, Losordo DW, Houser SR, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Negative Regulation of miR-375 by Interleukin-10 Enhances Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cell-Mediated Myocardial Repair and Function After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3519-29. [PMID: 26235810 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor survival and function of transplanted cells in ischemic and inflamed myocardium likely compromises the functional benefit of stem cell-based therapies. We have earlier reported that co-administration of interleukin (IL)-10 and BMPAC enhances cell survival and improves left ventricular (LV) functions after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. We hypothesized that IL-10 regulates microRNA-375 (miR-375) signaling in BMPACs to enhance their survival and function in ischemic myocardium after MI and attenuates left ventricular dysfunction after MI. miR-375 expression is significantly upregulated in BMPACs upon exposure to inflammatory/hypoxic stimulus and also after MI. IL-10 knockout mice display significantly elevated miR-375 levels. We report that ex vivo miR-375 knockdown in BMPAC before transplantation in the ischemic myocardium after MI significantly improve the survival and retention of transplanted BMPACs and also BMPAC-mediated post-infarct repair, neovascularization, and LV functions. Our in vitro studies revealed that knockdown of miR-375-enhanced BMPAC proliferation and tube formation and inhibited apoptosis; over expression of miR-375 in BMPAC had opposite effects. Mechanistically, miR-375 negatively regulated 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) expression and PDK-1-mediated activation of PI3kinase/AKT signaling. Interestingly, BMPAC isolated from IL-10-deficient mice showed elevated basal levels of miR-375 and exhibited functional deficiencies, which were partly rescued by miR-375 knockdown, enhancing BMPAC function in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our studies suggest that miR-375 is negatively associated with BMPAC function and survival and IL-10-mediated repression of miR-375 enhances BMPAC survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tatiana Abramova
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander R Mackie
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cynthia Benedict
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Nickoloff
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ehre Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas W Losordo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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31
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Requisite role for Nck adaptors in cardiovascular development, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and directed cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1573-87. [PMID: 25691664 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00072-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the cardiovascular system is critically dependent on the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) to reorganize their intracellular actin architecture to facilitate migration, adhesion, and morphogenesis. Nck family cytoskeletal adaptors function as key mediators of actin dynamics in numerous cell types, though their role in EC biology remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an essential requirement for Nck within ECs. Mouse embryos lacking endothelial Nck1/2 expression develop extensive angiogenic defects that result in lethality at about embryonic day 10. Mutant embryos show immature vascular networks, with decreased vessel branching, aberrant perivascular cell recruitment, and reduced cardiac trabeculation. Strikingly, embryos deficient in endothelial Nck also fail to undergo the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EnMT) required for cardiac valve morphogenesis, with loss of Nck disrupting expression of major EnMT markers, as well as suppressing mesenchymal outgrowth. Furthermore, we show that Nck-null ECs are unable to migrate downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1, and they exhibit profound perturbations in cytoskeletal patterning, with disorganized cellular projections, impaired focal adhesion turnover, and disrupted actin-based signaling. Our collective findings thereby reveal a crucial role for Nck as a master regulator within the endothelium to control actin cytoskeleton organization, vascular network remodeling, and EnMT during cardiovascular development.
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García-Jérez A, Luengo A, Carracedo J, Ramírez-Chamond R, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Rodriguez-Puyol M, Calleros L. Effect of uraemia on endothelial cell damage is mediated by the integrin linked kinase pathway. J Physiol 2014; 593:601-18; discussion 618. [PMID: 25398526 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than the general population. Their vascular endothelium is dysfunctional, among other things, because it is permanently exposed to uraemic toxins, several of which have poor clearance by conventional dialysis. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity and in this study we investigate the involvement of ILK in the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial damage that occurs in uraemia. For the first time, we demonstrate the implication of ILK in the protection against endothelial cell damage (inhibition of proliferation, toxicity, oxidative stress and programed cell death) induced by uraemic serum from chronic kidney disease patients and uraemic toxins. This molecular mechanism may have clinical relevance because it highlights the importance of maintaining high levels of ILK activity to help preserve endothelial integrity, at least in early stages of chronic kidney disease. ABSTRACT Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Their vascular endothelium is dysfunctional, among other things, because it is permanently exposed to uraemic toxins, several of which, mostly protein-bound compounds such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate, having poor clearance by conventional dialysis, induce endothelial toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism by which uraemic toxins regulate early stages of endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity. In this study, we investigate the involvement of ILK in the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial damage that occurs in uraemia. First, we show that incubation of EA.hy926 cells with human uraemic serum from CKD patients upregulates ILK activity. This ILK activation also occurs when the cells are exposed to IS (25-100 μg ml(-1)), p-cresol (10-100 μg ml(-1)) or both combined, compared to human serum control. Next, we observed that high doses of both toxins together induce a slight decrease in cell proliferation and increase apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, these toxic effects displayed a strong increase when the ILK protein is knocked down by small interfering RNA, even at low doses of uraemic toxins. Abrogation of AKT has demonstrated the ILK/AKT signalling pathway involved in these processes. This study has demonstrated the implication of ILK in the protection against endothelial cell damage induced by uraemic toxins, a molecular mechanism that could play a protective role in the early stages of endothelial dysfunction observed in uraemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Jérez
- Department of Systems Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; IRSIN, Spain; REDinREN (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
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Huet-Calderwood C, Brahme NN, Kumar N, Stiegler AL, Raghavan S, Boggon TJ, Calderwood DA. Differences in binding to the ILK complex determines kindlin isoform adhesion localization and integrin activation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4308-21. [PMID: 25086068 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.155879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins are essential FERM-domain-containing focal adhesion (FA) proteins required for proper integrin activation and signaling. Despite the widely accepted importance of each of the three mammalian kindlins in cell adhesion, the molecular basis for their function has yet to be fully elucidated, and the functional differences between isoforms have generally not been examined. Here, we report functional differences between kindlin-2 and -3 (also known as FERMT2 and FERMT3, respectively); GFP-tagged kindlin-2 localizes to FAs whereas kindlin-3 does not, and kindlin-2, but not kindlin-3, can rescue α5β1 integrin activation defects in kindlin-2-knockdown fibroblasts. Using chimeric kindlins, we show that the relatively uncharacterized kindlin-2 F2 subdomain drives FA targeting and integrin activation. We find that the integrin-linked kinase (ILK)-PINCH-parvin complex binds strongly to the kindlin-2 F2 subdomain but poorly to that of kindlin-3. Using a point-mutated kindlin-2, we establish that efficient kindlin-2-mediated integrin activation and FA targeting require binding to the ILK complex. Thus, ILK-complex binding is crucial for normal kindlin-2 function and differential ILK binding contributes to kindlin isoform specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina N Brahme
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nikit Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Jones CI, Tucker KL, Sasikumar P, Sage T, Kaiser WJ, Moore C, Emerson M, Gibbins JM. Integrin-linked kinase regulates the rate of platelet activation and is essential for the formation of stable thrombi. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1342-52. [PMID: 24888521 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its associated complex of proteins are involved in many cellular activation processes, including cell adhesion and integrin signaling. We have previously demonstrated that mice with induced platelet ILK deficiency show reduced platelet activation and aggregation, but only a minor bleeding defect. Here, we explore this apparent disparity between the cellular and hemostatic phenotypes. METHODS The impact of ILK inhibition on integrin αII b β3 activation and degranulation was assessed with the ILK-specific inhibitor QLT0267, and a conditional ILK-deficient mouse model was used to assess the impact of ILK deficiency on in vivo platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. RESULTS Inhibition of ILK reduced the rate of both fibrinogen binding and α-granule secretion, but was accompanied by only a moderate reduction in the maximum extent of platelet activation or aggregation in vitro. The reduction in the rate of fibrinogen binding occurred prior to degranulation or translocation of αII b β3 to the platelet surface. The change in the rate of platelet activation in the absence of functional ILK led to a reduction in platelet aggregation in vivo, but did not change the size of thrombi formed following laser injury of the cremaster arteriole wall in ILK-deficient mice. It did, however, result in a marked decrease in the stability of thrombi formed in ILK-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that, although ILK is not essential for platelet activation, it plays a critical role in facilitating rapid platelet activation, which is essential for stable thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Abbasi N, Akhavan MM, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Shafiei M. The effects of low and high concentrations of luteolin on cultured human endothelial cells under normal and glucotoxic conditions: involvement of integrin-linked kinase and cyclooxygenase-2. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1301-7. [PMID: 25201753 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin protects against high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial dysfunction whereas its cytotoxicity has been reported against normal endothelial cells. This study was undertaken to determine luteolin cytoprotective and cytotoxic dose ranges and to elucidate their respective mechanisms. Luteolin prevented HG-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) death with an EC50 value of 2.0 ± 0.07 μM. The protective effect of luteolin was associated with decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) (Cai(2+)) levels and enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production. At high concentrations, luteolin caused HUVEC death in normal glucose (NG) and HG states (LC50 40 ± 2.23 and 38 ± 1.12 μM, respectively), as represented by increased ROS and Cai(2+) and decreased NO. Western blots illustrated that exposure to HG increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) expression. Luteolin at low concentrations suppressed HG-mediated up-regulation of COX-2 but maintained HG-induced over-expression of ILK while at high concentrations significantly increased COX-2 and decreased ILK expression in both HG and NG states. Our data indicated that cytoprotective action of luteolin was manifested with much lower concentrations, by a factor of approximately 20, compared with cytotoxic activity under both normal or glucotoxic conditions. It appears that luteolin exerts its action, in part, by modulating ILK expression which is associated with regulation of COX-2 expression and NO production in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Abbasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Honda S, Shirotani-Ikejima H, Tadokoro S, Tomiyama Y, Miyata T. The integrin-linked kinase-PINCH-parvin complex supports integrin αIIbβ3 activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85498. [PMID: 24376884 PMCID: PMC3871693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an important signaling regulator that assembles into the heteroternary complex with adaptor proteins PINCH and parvin (termed the IPP complex). We recently reported that ILK is important for integrin activation in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell system. We previously established parental CHO cells expressing a constitutively active chimeric integrin (αIIbα6Bβ3) and mutant CHO cells expressing inactive αIIbα6Bβ3 due to ILK deficiency. In this study, we further investigated the underlying mechanisms for ILK-dependent integrin activation. ILK-deficient mutant cells had trace levels of PINCH and α-parvin, and transfection of ILK cDNA into the mutant cells increased not only ILK but also PINCH and α-parvin, resulting in the restoration of αIIbα6Bβ3 activation. In the parental cells expressing active αIIbα6Bβ3, ILK, PINCH, and α-parvin were co-immunoprecipitated, indicating the formation of the IPP complex. Moreover, short interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments targeting PINCH-1 or both α- and β-parvin mRNA in the parent cells impaired the αIIbα6Bβ3 activation as well as the expression of the other components of the IPP complex. In addition, ILK mutants possessing defects in either PINCH or parvin binding failed to restore αIIbα6Bβ3 activation in the mutant cells. Kindlin-2 siRNA in the parental cells impaired αIIbα6Bβ3 activation without disturbing the expression of ILK. For CHO cells stably expressing wild-type αIIbβ3 that is an inactive form, overexpression of a talin head domain (THD) induced αIIbβ3 activation and the THD-induced αIIbβ3 activation was impaired by ILK siRNA through a significant reduction in the expression of the IPP complex. In contrast, overexpression of all IPP components in the αIIbβ3-expressing CHO cells further augmented THD-induced αIIbβ3 activation, whereas they did not induce αIIbβ3 activation without THD. These data suggest that the IPP complex rather than ILK plays an important role and supports integrin activation probably through stabilization of the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Honda
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Seiji Tadokoro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tomiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyata
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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ING4 regulates JWA in angiogenesis and their prognostic value in melanoma patients. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2842-52. [PMID: 24157826 PMCID: PMC3844917 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously showed that inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4) inhibits melanoma angiogenesis, and JWA suppresses the metastasis of melanoma cells. As angiogenesis is essential for tumour metastasis, further investigation of the function of ING4 and JWA in melanoma angiogenesis is needed, and their prognostic value are of great interest. Methods: Western blot, tube-formation assays and luciferase assays were used to investigate the correlation between ING4 and JWA in melanoma angiogenesis. JWA and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) expression was determined on a tissue microarray constructed from 175 biopsies. Results: ING4 promoted JWA expression by activating JWA promoter. Furthermore, the regulation of growth and tube formation of endothelial cells by ING4 was partially JWA dependent. Also, ING4 inhibited the ILK-induced angiogenesis signalling pathway via JWA. Moreover, reduced JWA, or increased ILK, expression was closely associated with 5-year disease-specific survival of melanoma patients (P=0.001 and 0.007, respectively). There was also a positive correlation between ING4 and JWA yet a negative correlation between ING4 and ILK. Importantly, their concomitant expressions were significantly related to 5-year survival of melanoma patients (P=0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: JWA has an important role in ING4-regulated melanoma angiogenesis, and ING4/JWA/ILK are promising prognostic markers and may be used as anti-angiogenic therapeutic targets for melanoma.
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Dai X, Jiang W, Zhang Q, Xu L, Geng P, Zhuang S, Petrich BG, Jiang C, Peng L, Bhattacharya S, Evans SM, Sun Y, Chen J, Liang X. Requirement for integrin-linked kinase in neural crest migration and differentiation and outflow tract morphogenesis. BMC Biol 2013; 11:107. [PMID: 24131868 PMCID: PMC3906977 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-11-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest defects lead to congenital heart disease involving outflow tract malformation. Integrin-linked-kinase (ILK) plays important roles in multiple cellular processes and embryogenesis. ILK is expressed in the neural crest, but its role in neural crest and outflow tract morphogenesis remains unknown. RESULTS We ablated ILK specifically in the neural crest using the Wnt1-Cre transgene. ILK ablation resulted in abnormal migration and overpopulation of neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arches and outflow tract and a significant reduction in the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and extracellular matrix components. ILK mutant embryos exhibited an enlarged common arterial trunk and ventricular septal defect. Reduced smooth muscle differentiation, but increased ossification and neurogenesis/innervation were observed in ILK mutant outflow tract that may partly be due to reduced transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) but increased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Consistent with these observations, microarray analysis of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted neural crest cells revealed reduced expression of genes associated with muscle differentiation, but increased expression of genes of neurogenesis and osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that ILK plays essential roles in neural crest and outflow tract development by mediating complex crosstalk between cell matrix and multiple signaling pathways. Changes in these pathways may collectively result in the unique neural crest and outflow tract phenotypes observed in ILK mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Lu J, Tang Y, Farshidpour M, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Jafarnejad SM, Yip A, Martinka M, Dong Z, Zhou J, Xu J, Li G. JWA inhibits melanoma angiogenesis by suppressing ILK signaling and is an independent prognostic biomarker for melanoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2778-88. [PMID: 24064223 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest cutaneous malignancy because of its high incidence of metastasis. Melanoma growth and metastasis relies on sustained angiogenesis; therefore, inhibiting angiogenesis is a promising approach to treat metastatic melanoma. JWA is a novel microtubule-associated protein and our previous work revealed that JWA inhibited melanoma cell invasion and metastasis. However, the role of JWA in melanoma angiogenesis and the prognostic value are still unknown. Here, we report that JWA in melanoma cells significantly inhibited the tube formation of endothelial cells. In addition, JWA regulated integrin-linked kinase (ILK) through integrin αVβ3 and such regulation was achieved through the transcription factor Sp1. Notably, both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays revealed that JWA dramatically suppressed melanoma angiogenesis by inhibiting ILK signaling. Furthermore, we examined the expression of JWA protein in a large set of melanocytic lesions (n = 505) at different stages by tissue microarray and found an inverse correlation between JWA expression and melanoma progression (P = 5 × 10(-6)). Importantly, reduced JWA expression was correlated with a poorer overall, and disease-specific 5 year survival of patients (P = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that JWA was an independent prognostic marker for melanoma patients. Moreover, we found a significant negative correlation between JWA and ILK in melanoma biopsies, and their concomitant expression was closely correlated with melanoma patient survival (P = 0.004), further indicating the regulation of ILK expression by JWA is critical in melanoma. Taken together, our data highlight the function of JWA in melanoma angiogenesis and reveal the clinical prognostic value of JWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L8, Canada
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Serrano I, De Frutos S, Griera M, Medrano D, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Dedhar S, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rodríguez-Puyol D. Ilk conditional deletion in adult animals increases cyclic GMP-dependent vasorelaxation. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:535-44. [PMID: 23715557 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulates proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion, and motility in many cell types and has been related to cancer progression, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. We designed the present study to directly explore the effect of ILK deletion on the regulation of vascular tone through the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) /protein kinase G (PKG) pathway in healthy adult mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were carried out using a tamoxifen-inducible CRE-LOX system to conditionally delete the ILK gene in adult mice. Mice lacking ILK expression (cKO) presented increased vascular content and increased activity of sGC and PKG, resulting in a more intense vasodilatory response to a single dose of a nitric oxide (NO) donor [sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] or PKG agonist [8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-Br)]. Five minutes after SNP or 8-Br administration the reduction in the systolic arterial pressure was enhanced in cKO mice (SNP WT: -7.4 ± 1.2 mmHG; SNP cKO: -14.0 ± 2.5; 8-Br WT: -2.9 ± 1.5 mmHG; 8-Br cKO: -10.0 ± 3.4 mmHG). ILK deletion restored the vascular response to SNP after chronic oral nitrite administration. In addition, ILK deletion also increased hypotensive SNP effect in angiotensin II-treated animals, suggesting a role for ILK in basal and pathological states. CONCLUSION Deletion of ILK in adult animals increased the vascular response to NO. These findings show, for the first time, a requirement for ILK in regulating sGC-PKG expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Moik D, Böttcher A, Makhina T, Grashoff C, Bulus N, Zent R, Fässler R. Mutations in the paxillin-binding site of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) destabilize the pseudokinase domain and cause embryonic lethality in mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18863-71. [PMID: 23658024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) where it regulates cell spreading, migration, and growth factor receptor signaling. Previous reports showed that overexpressed ILK in which Val(386) and Thr(387) were substituted with glycine residues (ILK-VT/GG) could neither interact with paxillin nor localize to FA in cells expressing endogenous wild-type ILK, implying that paxillin binding to ILK is required for its localization to FAs. Here, we show that introducing this mutation into the germ line of mice (ILK-VT/GG) caused vasculogenesis defects, resulting in a general developmental delay and death at around embryonic day 12.5. Fibroblasts isolated from ILK-VT/GG mice contained mutant ILK in FAs, showed normal adhesion to and spreading on extracellular matrix substrates but displayed impaired migration. Biochemical analysis revealed that VT/GG substitutions decreased ILK protein stability leading to decreased ILK levels and reduced binding to paxillin and α-parvin. Because paxillin depletion did not affect ILK localization to FAs, the embryonic lethality and the in vitro migration defects are likely due to the reduced levels of ILK-VT/GG and diminished binding to parvins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Malan D, Elischer A, Hesse M, Wickström SA, Fleischmann BK, Bloch W. Deletion of integrin linked kinase in endothelial cells results in defective RTK signaling caused by caveolin 1 mislocalization. Development 2013; 140:987-95. [PMID: 23404105 DOI: 10.1242/dev.091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Integrin linked kinase (ILK) connects the ILK-Pinch-Parvin complex with integrin adhesion sites. Because of the functional relevance of integrin-linked signaling for endothelial cell (EC) biology, we have explored this pathway in Ilk(-/-) embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiated into ECs and vessel-like structures. We have focused in particular on the mechanistic relevance of ILK-Pinch-Parvin complex-related signaling for EC development and tube formation. Our analysis revealed that the formation of vessel-like structures was strongly reduced in Ilk(-/-) ES cells and that this phenotype could be rescued by re-expression of ILK in ES cells. ECs were MACS sorted from wild-type (WT) and Ilk(-/-) ES cells and functional analysis using intracellular calcium imaging as the read-out yielded a complete lack of vascular endothelial growth factor- and epidermal growth factor-dependent responses. The possibility of a caveolin 1-related defect was investigated by transfecting WT and Ilk(-/-) ECs with a caveolin 1-EGFP fusion protein. Time-lapse microscopy showed that the prominent phenotype is due to altered dynamics of caveolin 1 and to a lack of positioning of caveolin 1 in the vicinity of the plasma membrane and that it is rescued by re-expressing ILK in the Ilk(-/-) ES cells. We also found that the defect is caused by the perturbed organization of microtubules and cortical actin filaments. Thus, ILK is required as a scaffold to allow actin-microtubule interactions and correct positioning of caveolin 1 close to the plasma membrane. This is crucial for signaling compartmentalization in ECs and explains the key role of ILK for EC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, 53105, Germany
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Kaiser R, Friedrich D, Chavakis E, Böhm M, Friedrich EB. Effect of hypoxia on integrin-mediated adhesion of endothelial progenitor cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2387-93. [PMID: 22353471 PMCID: PMC3823432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is crucial for neoangiogenesis, which might be negatively affected by hypoxia. We investigated the influence of hypoxia on fibronectin binding integrins for migration and cell-matrix-adhesion. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) were examined as possible effectors of hypoxia.Human EPCs were expanded on fibronectin (FN) and integrin expression was profiled by flow cytometry. Cell-matrix-adhesion- and migration-assays on FN were performed to examine the influence of hypoxia and AMPK-activation. Regulation of AMPK and ILK was shown by Western blot analysis. We demonstrate the presence of integrin β1, β2 and α5 on EPCs. Adhesion to FN is reduced by blocking β1 and α5 (49% and 2% of control, P < 0.05) whereas α4-blockade has no effect. Corresponding effects were shown for migration. Hypoxia and AMPK-activation decrease adhesion on FN. Although total AMPK-expression remains unchanged, phospho-AMPK increases eightfold.The EPCs require α5 for adhesion on FN. Hypoxia and AMPK-activation decrease adhesion. As α5 is the major adhesive factor for EPCs on FN, this suggests a link between AMPK and α5-integrins. We found novel evidence for a connection between hypoxia, AMPK-activity and integrin activity. This might affect the fate of EPCs in ischaemic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kaiser
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V (Pneumologie), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Zebrafish Development. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35935-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Espín R, Roca FJ, Candel S, Sepulcre MP, González-Rosa JM, Alcaraz-Pérez F, Meseguer J, Cayuela ML, Mercader N, Mulero V. TNF receptors regulate vascular homeostasis in zebrafish through a caspase-8, caspase-2 and P53 apoptotic program that bypasses caspase-3. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:383-96. [PMID: 22956347 PMCID: PMC3597020 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signaling plays a crucial role in vascular integrity and homeostasis, the contribution of each receptor to these processes and the signaling pathway involved are still largely unknown. Here, we show that targeted gene knockdown of TNFRSF1B in zebrafish embryos results in the induction of a caspase-8, caspase-2 and P53-dependent apoptotic program in endothelial cells that bypasses caspase-3. Furthermore, the simultaneous depletion of TNFRSF1A or the activation of NF-κB rescue endothelial cell apoptosis, indicating that a signaling balance between both TNFRs is required for endothelial cell integrity. In endothelial cells, TNFRSF1A signals apoptosis through caspase-8, whereas TNFRSF1B signals survival via NF-κB. Similarly, TNFα promotes the apoptosis of human endothelial cells through TNFRSF1A and triggers caspase-2 and P53 activation. We have identified an evolutionarily conserved apoptotic pathway involved in vascular homeostasis that provides new therapeutic targets for the control of inflammation- and tumor-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Espín
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the current review, we summarize recent progress on vasculature-specific function and regulation of integrins and integrin-associated proteins, including advances in our understanding of inside-out integrin activation. The studies on regulation of integrin activation received new impulse in 2009 with the identification of kindlin protein family members as crucial mediators of integrin inside-out signaling. In the current review, we outline the recent findings on the role of kindlins in the vascular system, as well as new studies that have begun shaping the mechanistic model of kindlins' function. RECENT FINDINGS Several tissue-specific knockout models for integrins and genes associated with the integrin functions have been recently presented, including smooth muscle-specific integrin-linked kinase and endothelial-specific focal adhesion kinase and talin-1 ablation. In the heterozygous animal knockout model, kindlin-2 has been demonstrated as a crucial modulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. As a number of articles have advanced our understanding of kindlin function, they are reviewed and discussed in further detail. New findings include an additional lipid-binding site within the kindlin molecule and preferential binding of the nonphosphorylated form of β-integrins. SUMMARY The role of integrins in angiogenesis has been demonstrated to include, in addition to cell adhesion and mechanotransduction, specific signaling functions. The importance of integrin inside-out pathway in vascular physiology has been unequivocally proven, and endothelial permeability is directly regulated by this process. Inhibition of kindlin-dependent steps in the inside-out pathway as an approach to block platelet aggregation should be paralog-specific, as it may have adverse effects on vascular permeability.
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48
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Cammas L, Wolfe J, Choi SY, Dedhar S, Beggs HE. Integrin-linked kinase deletion in the developing lens leads to capsule rupture, impaired fiber migration and non-apoptotic epithelial cell death. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:3067-81. [PMID: 22491404 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The lens is a powerful model system to study integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction in an in vivo context, as it is surrounded by a true basement membrane, the lens capsule. To characterize better the function of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), we examined the phenotypic consequences of its deletion in the developing mouse lens. METHODS ILK was deleted from the embryonic lens either at the time of placode invagination using the Le-Cre line or after initial lens formation using the Nestin-Cre line. RESULTS Early deletion of ILK leads to defects in extracellular matrix deposition that result in lens capsule rupture at the lens vesicle stage (E13.5). If ILK was deleted at a later time-point after initial establishment of the lens capsule, rupture was prevented. Instead, ILK deletion resulted in secondary fiber migration defects and, most notably, in cell death of the anterior epithelium (E18.5-P0). Remarkably, dying cells did not stain positively for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) or activated-caspase 3, suggesting that they were dying from a non-apoptotic mechanism. Moreover, cross to a Bax(fl/fl)/Bak⁻/⁻ mouse line that is resistant to most forms of apoptosis failed to promote cell survival in the ILK-deleted lens epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous membranous vacuoles containing degrading cellular material. CONCLUSIONS. Our study reveals a role for ILK in extracellular matrix organization, fiber migration, and cell survival. Furthermore, to our knowledge we show for the first time that ILK disruption results in non-apoptotic cell death in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cammas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zou L. Gene modification with integrin-linked kinase improves function of endothelial progenitor cells in pre-eclampsia in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3103-11. [PMID: 21688303 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a multifunctional serine-threonine protein kinase, has been shown to have implications for the treatment of ischemia vascular diseases by promoting angiogenesis in various tissues. However, whether this kinase has therapeutic potential in pre-eclampsia is not well studied. In this report, we determined the changes in the production and action of ILK on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) isolated from patients with pre-eclampsia. The effects of ILK transfection on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of EPCs were investigated. We showed that EPCs transfected with the ILK gene expressed high levels of ILK protein and mRNA. Transfection with ILK also enhanced the proliferative, migratory, and angiogenic capabilities of EPCs, and promoted the production of VEGF. These results suggest that ILK gene transfection is an effective approach to augment angiogenic properties of EPCs in vitro and providing basis for clinical cell-based gene therapy in patients with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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50
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Suppression of the PI3K-Akt pathway is involved in the decreased adhesion and migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from non-obese diabetic mice. Cell Biol Int 2012; 35:961-6. [PMID: 21449895 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell-mediated damage of islet β-cells. The pathology of NOD (non-obese diabetic) mouse involves the insulitis induced by infiltration of T-cells, a similar pathogenic mechanism in T1DM patient. BM-MSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) are multipotent progenitor cells that can be isolated from a number of sources. Recent studies have shown that transplantation of MSCs to the NOD mice could prevent the process and have the therapeutic effects on T1DM. In our studies, we have found that migration and adhesion of BM-MSCs from NOD mice were suppressed compared with the BM-MSCs from ICR (imprinting control region) mice, accompanying with the abnormal distribution of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and F-actin (filamentous actin). Further, we have found that the activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-Akt pathway was suppressed in BM-MSCs from NOD mice. When the PI3K-Akt pathway was inhibited by LY294002, the adhesion and migration of BM-MSCs from ICR mice were suppressed as well. These results indicated that the suppression of PI3K-Akt pathway is involved in the decreased adhesion and migration of BM-MSCs from NOD mice.
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