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Zhou D, Chen D, Wu J, Feng T, Liu P, Xu J. Dicerandrol C Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of HepG2 and Hela Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:278. [PMID: 38921589 PMCID: PMC11204528 DOI: 10.3390/md22060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence points to an aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a critical factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cervical cancer (CC) pathogenesis. Dicerandrol C (DD-9), a dimeric tetrahydroxanthenone isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48 obtained from mangrove plant Rhizophora mangle via chemical epigenetic manipulation of the culture, has demonstrated effective anti-tumor properties, with an obscure action mechanism. The objective of the current study was to explore the efficacy of DD-9 on HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells and its functional mechanism amid the Wnt/β catenin signaling cascade. Isolation of DD-9 was carried out using various column chromatographic methods, and its structure was elucidated with 1D NMR. The cytotoxicity of DD-9 on HepG2 and HeLa cells was observed with respect to the proliferation, clonality, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. We found that DD-9 treatment significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners in HepG2 and HeLa cells. The subsequent experiments in vitro implied that DD-63 could significantly suppress the tumor clonality, metastases, and induced apoptosis, and that it arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase of HepG2 and HeLa cells. Dual luciferase assay, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay showed that DD-9 could dose-dependently attenuate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting β-catenin transcriptional activity and abrogating β-catenin translocated to the nucleus; down-regulating the transcription level of β-catenin-stimulated Wnt target gene and the expression of related proteins including p-GSK3-β, β-catenin, LEF1, Axin1, c-Myc, and CyclinD1; and up-regulating GSK3-β expression, which indicates that DD-9 stabilized the β-catenin degradation complex, thereby inducing β-catenin degradation and inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The possible interaction between DD-9 and β-catenin and GSK3-β protein was further confirmed by molecular docking studies. Collectively, DD-9 may suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of liver and cervical cancer cells, possibly at least in part via GSK3-β-mediated crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis, providing insights into the mechanism for the potency of DD-9 on hepatocellular and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (T.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (T.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Jingwan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (T.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Ting Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (T.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghuai Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (T.F.); (P.L.)
- Research and Utilization on Seaweed Biological Resources Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (T.F.); (P.L.)
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Kahm YJ, Jung U, Kim RK. Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by CTNNAL1 in Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051462. [PMID: 37239133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CTNNAL1 is a protein known to be involved in cell-cell adhesion and cell adhesion. Alterations in the expression or function of CTNNAL1 have been reported to contribute to the development and progression of various types of cancer. In breast cancer, CTNNAL1 has been reported as a cancer suppressor gene, and in melanoma and lung cancer, it has been reported as a cancer driver gene. However, due to a lack of research, its function remains unclear. In this study, it is shown that CTNNAL1 regulates cancer stem cells (CSCs) in lung cancer and glioblastoma and modulates their migration and invasion abilities. CSCs are known to play an important role in the malignant transformation of cancer. They have the ability to resist chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation, which is a known obstacle to cancer treatment. We found that CTNNAL1 regulates the ability to resist irradiation. In addition, we observed that CTNNAL1 regulates the ability of cells to migrate and invade, a key feature of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon associated with cancer metastasis. CTNNAL1 was also involved in the secretion of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), one of the chemokines. CCL2 plays a role in the recruitment of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment, but in cancer, it is known to influence malignancy and metastasis. CTNNAL1 may be a novel target for treating lung CSCs and glioma stem cells and may be used as a marker of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Kahm
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Life Science, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Uhee Jung
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Life Science, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
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3
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Déjardin T, Carollo PS, Sipieter F, Davidson PM, Seiler C, Cuvelier D, Cadot B, Sykes C, Gomes ER, Borghi N. Nesprins are mechanotransducers that discriminate epithelial-mesenchymal transition programs. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152020. [PMID: 32790861 PMCID: PMC7659719 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
LINC complexes are transmembrane protein assemblies that physically connect the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton through the nuclear envelope. Dysfunctions of LINC complexes are associated with pathologies such as cancer and muscular disorders. The mechanical roles of LINC complexes are poorly understood. To address this, we used genetically encoded FRET biosensors of molecular tension in a nesprin protein of the LINC complex of fibroblastic and epithelial cells in culture. We exposed cells to mechanical, genetic, and pharmacological perturbations, mimicking a range of physiological and pathological situations. We show that nesprin experiences tension generated by the cytoskeleton and acts as a mechanical sensor of cell packing. Moreover, nesprin discriminates between inductions of partial and complete epithelial–mesenchymal transitions. We identify the implicated mechanisms, which involve α-catenin capture at the nuclear envelope by nesprin upon its relaxation, thereby regulating β-catenin transcription. Our data thus implicate LINC complex proteins as mechanotransducers that fine-tune β-catenin signaling in a manner dependent on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Déjardin
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Salvatore Carollo
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - François Sipieter
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Seiler
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Damien Cuvelier
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Rercherche 144, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Center for Research in Myology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 974, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Sykes
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Center for Research in Myology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 974, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Instituto de Medecina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Borghi
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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4
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Patrick MT, Stuart PE, Raja K, Chi S, He Z, Voorhees JJ, Tejasvi T, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM, Chandran V, Rahman P, Gladman DD, Nair RP, Elder JT, Tsoi LC. Integrative Approach to Reveal Cell Type Specificity and Gene Candidates for Psoriatic Arthritis Outside the MHC. Front Genet 2019; 10:304. [PMID: 31031798 PMCID: PMC6470186 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently conducted a large association analysis to compare the genetic profiles between patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and cutaneous-only psoriasis (PsC). Despite including over 7,000 genotyped patients, only the MHC achieved genome-wide significance. In this study, we hypothesized that appropriate epigenomic elements (H3K27ac marks for active enhancers) can guide us to reveal valuable information about the loci with suggestive evidence of association. Our aim is to investigate these loci and explore how they may lead to the development of PsA. We evaluated this potential by investigating the genes connected with these loci from the perspective of pharmacogenomics and gene expression. We illustrated that markers with suggestive evidence of association outside the MHC region are enriched in H3K27ac marks for osteoblast and chondrogenic differentiated cells; using pharmacogenomics resources, we showed that genes near these markers are targeted by existing drugs used to treat psoriatic arthritis. Significantly, six of the ten suggestive significant loci overlapping the regulatory elements encompass genes differentially expressed (FDR < 5%) in differentiated osteoblasts, including genes participating in the Wnt signaling such as RUNX1, FUT8, and CTNNAL1. Our approach shows that epigenomic information can be used as cost-effective approach to enhance the inferences for GWAS results, especially in situations when few genome-wide significant loci are available. Our results also point the way to more directed investigations comparing the genetics of PsA and PsC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Philip E. Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sunyi Chi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zhi He
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John J. Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Proton Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Dafna D. Gladman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajan P. Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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5
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Desaulniers D, Khan N, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Leingartner K, Xiao GH, Williams A, Yauk CL. Effects of cross-fostering and developmental exposure to mixtures of environmental contaminants on hepatic gene expression in prepubertal 21 days old and adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1-27. [PMID: 30744511 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1542360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The notion that adverse health effects produced by exposure to environmental contaminants (EC) may be modulated by the presence of non-chemical stressors is gaining attention. Previously, our lab demonstrated that cross-fostering (adoption of a litter at birth) acted as a non-chemical stressor that amplified the influence of developmental exposure to EC on the glucocorticoid stress-response in adult rats. Using liver from the same rats, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether cross-fostering might also modulate EC-induced alterations in hepatic gene expression profiles. During pregnancy and nursing, Sprague-Dawley dams were fed cookies laced with corn oil (control, C) or a chemical mixture (M) composed of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), and methylmercury (MeHg), at 1 mg/kg/day. This mixture simulated the contaminant profile reported in maternal human blood. At birth, some control and M treated litters were cross-fostered to form two additional groups with different biological/nursing mothers (CC and MM). The hepatic transcriptome was analyzed by DNA microarray in male offspring at postnatal days 21 and 78-86. Mixture exposure altered the expression of detoxification and energy metabolism genes in both age groups, but with different sets of genes affected at day 21 and 78-86. Cross-fostering modulated the effects of M on gene expression pattern (MM vs M), as well as expression of energy metabolism genes between control groups (CC vs C). In conclusion, while describing short and long-term effects of developmental exposure to EC on hepatic transcriptomes, these cross-fostering results further support the consideration of non-chemical stressors in EC risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Desaulniers
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - N Khan
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C Cummings-Lorbetskie
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - K Leingartner
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - G-H Xiao
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Williams
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C L Yauk
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Chen X, Wen Q, Stucky A, Zeng Y, Gao S, Loudon WG, Ho HW, Kabeer MH, Li SC, Zhang X, Zhong JF. Relapse pathway of glioblastoma revealed by single-cell molecular analysis. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:931-936. [PMID: 29718126 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains an incurable brain tumor. The highly malignant behavior of GBM may, in part, be attributed to its intraclonal genetic and phenotypic diversity (subclonal evolution). Identifying the molecular pathways driving GBM relapse may provide novel, actionable targets for personalized diagnosis, characterization of prognosis and improvement of precision therapy. We screened single-cell transcriptomes, namely RNA-seq data of primary and relapsed GBM tumors from a patient, to define the molecular profile of relapse. Characterization of hundreds of individual tumor cells identified three mutated genes within single cells, involved in the RAS/GEF GTP-dependent signaling pathway. The identified molecular pathway was further verified by meta-analysis of RNA-seq data from more than 3000 patients. This study showed that single-cell molecular analysis overcomes the inherent heterogeneity of bulk tumors with respect to defining tumor subclonal evolution relevant to GBM relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qin Wen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Andres Stucky
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunjing Zeng
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shengjia Gao
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William G Loudon
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHOC Children's Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Gamma Knife Center of Southern California, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hector W Ho
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Saint Jude Heritage Medical Group, Saint Joseph Hospital, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Mustafa H Kabeer
- Department of Surgery, CHOC Children's Hospital, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Shengwen Calvin Li
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Department of Neurology, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tan M, Liu C, Huang W, Deng L, Qin X, Xiang Y. CTNNAL1 inhibits ozone-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1157-1169. [PMID: 29791759 DOI: 10.1113/ep086839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1), an asthma-related epithelial adhesion molecule that plays a vital role in airway epithelial wound repair, on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition? What is the main finding and its importance? CTNNAL1 inhibits ozone-induced airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition features, mediated by repressing the expression of Twist1 mRNA and reducing TGF-β1 levels. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathology of airway EMT and may indicate a possible therapeutic target for airway remodelling in bronchial asthma. ABSTRACT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event occurring during epithelial and mesenchymal repair, was reported to be a possible mechanism for airway remodelling. Our previous work showed that the expression of catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1) was down-regulated in the bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic models and played a vital role in airway epithelial wound repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CTNNAL1 on airway EMT. Overexpression or silencing of CTNNAL1 in human bronchial epithelial cells was induced by stable transfection. CTNNAL1 was silenced in primary mouse airway epithelial cells with an effective siRNA vector. Cells were stressed by ozone for 4 days at 30 min day-1 to induce EMT. EMT features, changes in the function of co-cultured lung fibroblasts, changes in the expression of the transcriptional repressors Snail/Slug and Twist1/Twist2 and changes in the secretion of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were assayed in different cell lines with or without ozone exposure. Both ozone exposure and silencing of CTNNAL1 induced EMT features in airway epithelial cells. Functional changes in lung fibroblasts increased after co-culture with (ozone-stressed) CTNNAL1-silenced cells. Snail and Twist1 expression increased, and the level of TGF-β1 was enhanced. Conversely, CTNNAL1 overexpression reversed EMT features, repressed mRNA levels of Twist1 and reduced the secretion of TGF-β1, both alone and in combination with ozone exposure. Our results indicate that ozone exposure induces airway EMT and that CTNNAL1 inhibits ozone-induced airway EMT. CTNNAL1 may play a role in airway EMT by repressing the expression of Twist1 mRNA and reducing the level of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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8
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Serebryannyy LA, Yemelyanov A, Gottardi CJ, de Lanerolle P. Nuclear α-catenin mediates the DNA damage response via β-catenin and nuclear actin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1717-1729. [PMID: 28348105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin is an F-actin-binding protein widely recognized for its role in cell-cell adhesion. However, a growing body of literature indicates that α-catenin is also a nuclear protein. In this study, we show that α-catenin is able to modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage and toxicity. Furthermore, nuclear α-catenin is actively recruited to sites of DNA damage. This recruitment occurs in a β-catenin-dependent manner and requires nuclear actin polymerization. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the WNT-mediated regulation of the DNA damage response and suggest a novel role for the α-catenin-β-catenin complex in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Wang L, Lin S, Zhang J, Tian T, Jin L, Ren A. Fetal DNA hypermethylation in tight junction pathway is associated with neural tube defects: A genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Epigenetics 2017; 12:157-165. [PMID: 28059605 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1277298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a spectrum of severe congenital malformations of fusion failure of the neural tube during early embryogenesis. Evidence on aberrant DNA methylation in NTD development remains scarce, especially when exposure to environmental pollutant is taken into consideration. DNA methylation profiling was quantified using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 array in neural tissues from 10 NTD cases and 8 non-malformed controls (stage 1). Subsequent validation was performed using a Sequenom MassARRAY system in neural tissues from 20 NTD cases and 20 non-malformed controls (stage 2). Correlation analysis of differentially methylated CpG sites in fetal neural tissues and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in fetal neural tissues and maternal serum was conducted. Differentially methylated CpG sites of neural tissues were further validated in fetal mice with NTDs induced by benzo(a)pyrene given to pregnant mice. Differentially hypermethylated CpG sites in neural tissues from 17 genes and 6 pathways were identified in stage 1. Subsequently, differentially hypermethylated CpG sites in neural tissues from 6 genes (BDKRB2, CTNNA1, CYFIP2, MMP7, MYH2, and TIAM2) were confirmed in stage 2. Correlation analysis showed that methylated CpG sites in CTNNA1 and MYH2 from NTD cases were positively correlated to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon level in fetal neural tissues and maternal serum. The correlation was confirmed in NTD-affected fetal mice that were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene in utero. In conclusion, hypermethylation of the CTNNA1 and MYH2 genes in tight junction pathway is associated with the risk for NTDs, and the DNA methylation aberration may be caused by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China
| | - Ji Zhang
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China
| | - Tian Tian
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China
| | - Lei Jin
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China
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10
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Dar MS, Singh P, Singh G, Jamwal G, Hussain SS, Rana A, Akhter Y, Monga SP, Dar MJ. Terminal regions of β-catenin are critical for regulating its adhesion and transcription functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2345-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Abstract
β-catenin is widely regarded as the primary transducer of canonical WNT signals to the nucleus. In most vertebrates, there are eight additional catenins that are structurally related to β-catenin, and three α-catenin genes encoding actin-binding proteins that are structurally related to vinculin. Although these catenins were initially identified in association with cadherins at cell-cell junctions, more recent evidence suggests that the majority of catenins also localize to the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Moreover, the number of catenins reported to be responsive to canonical WNT signals is increasing. Here, we posit that multiple catenins form a functional network in the nucleus, possibly engaging in conserved protein-protein interactions that are currently better characterized in the context of actin-based cell junctions.
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12
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Bear MD, Liu T, Abualkhair S, Ghamloush MA, Hill NS, Preston I, Fanburg BL, Kayyali US, Toksoz D. Alpha-Catulin Co-Localizes With Vimentin Intermediate Filaments and Functions in Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cell Migration via ROCK. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:934-43. [PMID: 26377600 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous α-catulin acts as a scaffold for distinct signalosomes including RhoA/ROCK; however, its function is not well understood. While α-catulin has homology to the cytoskeletal linkers α-catenin and vinculin, it appears to be functionally divergent. Here we further investigated α-catulin function in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VEC) on the premise that α-catulin has a unique cytoskeletal role. Examination of endogenous α-catulin intracellular localization by immunofluorescence revealed a highly organized cytosolic filamentous network suggestive of a cytoskeletal system in a variety of cultured VEC. Double-immunofluorescence analyses of VEC showed endogenous α-catulin co-localization with vimentin intermediate filaments. Similar to vimentin, α-catulin was found to distribute into detergent-soluble and -insoluble fractions. Treatment of VEC with withaferinA, an agent that targets vimentin filaments, disrupted the α-catulin network distribution and altered α-catulin solubility. Vimentin participates in cell migration, and withaferinA was found to inhibit VEC migration in vitro; similarly, α-catulin knock-down reduced VEC migration. Based on previous reports showing that ROCK modulates vimentin, we found that ROCK depletion attenuated VEC migration; furthermore, α-catulin depletion was shown to reduce ROCK-induced signaling. These findings indicate that α-catulin has a unique function in co-localization with vimentin filaments that contributes to VEC migration via a pathway that may involve ROCK signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 934-943, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Bear
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiegang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shereen Abualkhair
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nicholas S Hill
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioana Preston
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry L Fanburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Usamah S Kayyali
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deniz Toksoz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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The upregulated α-catulin expression was involved in head-neck squamous cell carcinogenesis by promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1671-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Kreiseder B, Holper-Schichl YM, Muellauer B, Jacobi N, Pretsch A, Schmid JA, de Martin R, Hundsberger H, Eger A, Wiesner C. Alpha-catulin contributes to drug-resistance of melanoma by activating NF-κB and AP-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119402. [PMID: 25793618 PMCID: PMC4368766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer accounting for 48,000 deaths worldwide each year and an average survival rate of about 6-10 months with conventional treatment. Tumor metastasis and chemoresistance of melanoma cells are reported as the main reasons for the insufficiency of currently available treatments for late stage melanoma. The cytoskeletal linker protein α-catulin (CTNNAL1) has been shown to be important in inflammation, apoptosis and cytoskeletal reorganization. Recently, we found an elevated expression of α-catulin in melanoma cells. Ectopic expression of α-catulin promoted melanoma progression and occurred concomitantly with the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of mesenchymal genes such as N-cadherin, Snail/Slug and the matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. In the current study we showed that α-catulin knockdown reduced NF-κB and AP-1 activity in malignant melanoma cells. Further, downregulation of α-catulin diminished ERK phosphorylation in malignant melanoma cells and sensitized them to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. In particular, cisplatin treatment led to decreased ERK-, JNK- and c-Jun phosphorylation in α-catulin knockdown melanoma cells, which was accompanied by enhanced apoptosis compared to control cells. Altogether, these results suggest that targeted inhibition of α-catulin may be used as a viable therapeutic strategy to chemosensitize melanoma cells to cisplatin by down-regulation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne M Holper-Schichl
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nico Jacobi
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Andreas Eger
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Christoph Wiesner
- SeaLife Pharma GmbH, Tulln, Austria
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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16
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Zhu Z, Yin J, Guan J, Hu B, Niu X, Jin D, Wang Y, Zhang C. Lithium stimulates human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through GSK-3β-dependent β-catenin/Wnt pathway activation. FEBS J 2014; 281:5371-89. [PMID: 25265417 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Dongxu Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
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17
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Schmid MT, Weinandy F, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Huttner WB, Cappello S, Götz M. The role of α-E-catenin in cerebral cortex development: radial glia specific effect on neuronal migration. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:215. [PMID: 25147501 PMCID: PMC4124588 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain development, radial glial cells possess an apico-basal polarity and are coupled by adherens junctions (AJs) to an F-actin belt. To elucidate the role of the actin, we conditionally deleted the key component α-E-catenin in the developing cerebral cortex. Deletion at early stages resulted in severe disruption of tissue polarity due to uncoupling of AJs with the intracellular actin fibers leading to the formation of subcortical band heterotopia. Interestingly, this phenotype closely resembled the phenotype obtained by conditional RhoA deletion, both in regard to the macroscopic subcortical band heterotopia and the subcellular increase in G-actin/F-actin ratio. These data therefore together corroborate the role of the actin cytoskeleton and its anchoring to the AJs for neuronal migration disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Schmid
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Weinandy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research Neuherberg/Munich, Germany ; Department of Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research Neuherberg/Munich, Germany ; Department of Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, University of Munich Munich, Germany
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18
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Abstract
α-Catenin (α-cat) is an actin-binding protein required for cell-cell cohesion. Although this adhesive function for α-cat is well appreciated, cells contain a substantial amount of nonjunctional α-cat that may be used for other functions. We show that α-cat is a nuclear protein that can interact with β-catenin (β-cat) and T-cell factor (TCF) and that the nuclear accumulation of α-cat depends on β-cat. Using overexpression, knockdown, and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we show that α-cat attenuates Wnt/β-cat-responsive genes in a manner that is downstream of β-cat/TCF loading on promoters. Both β-cat- and actin-binding domains of α-cat are required to inhibit Wnt signaling. A nuclear-targeted form of α-cat induces the formation of nuclear filamentous actin, whereas cells lacking α-cat show altered nuclear actin properties. Formation of nuclear actin filaments correlates with reduced RNA synthesis and altered chromatin organization. Conversely, nuclear extracts made from cells lacking α-cat show enhanced general transcription in vitro, an activity that can be partially rescued by restoring the C-terminal actin-binding region of α-cat. These data demonstrate that α-cat may limit gene expression by affecting nuclear actin organization.
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19
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Dubé É, Cyr DG. The Blood-Epididymis Barrier and Human Male Fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 763:218-36. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4711-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Kreiseder B, Orel L, Bujnow C, Buschek S, Pflueger M, Schuett W, Hundsberger H, de Martin R, Wiesner C. α-Catulin downregulates E-cadherin and promotes melanoma progression and invasion. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:521-30. [PMID: 22733455 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is associated with poor prognosis for melanoma responsible for about 90% of skin cancer-related mortality. To metastasize, melanoma cells must escape keratinocyte control, invade across the basement membrane and survive in the dermis by resisting apoptosis before they can intravasate into the circulation. α-Catulin (CTNNAL1) is a cytoplasmic molecule that integrates the crosstalk between nuclear factor-kappa B and Rho signaling pathways, binds to β-catenin and increases the level of both α-catenin and β-catenin and therefore has potential effects on inflammation, apoptosis and cytoskeletal reorganization. Here, we show that α-catulin is highly expressed in melanoma cells. Expression of α-catulin promoted melanoma progression and occurred concomitantly with the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of expression of mesenchymal genes such as N-cadherin, Snail/Slug and the matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Knockdown of α-catulin promoted adhesion to and inhibited migration away from keratinocytes in an E-cadherin-dependent manner and decreased the transmigration through a keratinocyte monolayer, as well as in Transwell assays using collagens, laminin and fibronectin coating. Moreover, knockdown promoted homotypic spheroid formation and concomitantly increased E-cadherin expression along with downregulation of transcription factors implicated in its repression (Snail/Slug, Twist and ZEB). Consistent with the molecular changes, α-catulin provoked invasion of melanoma cells in a three-dimensional culture assay by the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and the activation of ROCK/Rho. As such, α-catulin may represent a key driver of the metastatic process, implicating potential for therapeutic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kreiseder
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
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21
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Abstract
Cadherins and catenins are the central cell-cell adhesion molecules in adherens junctions (AJs). This chapter reviews the knowledge concerning the role of cadherins and catenins in epithelial cancer and examines the published literature demonstrating the changes in the expression and function of these proteins in human cancer and the association of these changes with patient outcomes. The chapter also covers the mechanistic studies aiming at uncovering the significance of changes in cadherin and catenin expression in cancer and potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the causal role of AJs in cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA,
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22
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Zhu Z, Kremer P, Tadmori I, Ren Y, Sun D, He X, Young W. Lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by neural stem and progenitor cells by inhibiting STAT3 pathway independently of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23341. [PMID: 21931595 PMCID: PMC3170293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted neural stem and progenitor cells (NSCs) produce mostly astrocytes in injured spinal cords. Lithium stimulates neurogenesis by inhibiting GSK3b (glycogen synthetase kinase 3-beta) and increasing WNT/beta catenin. Lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis but the mechanisms were unclear. We cultured NSCs from subventricular zone of neonatal rats and showed that lithium reduced NSC production of astrocytes as well as proliferation of glia restricted progenitor (GRP) cells. Lithium strongly inhibited STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation, a messenger system known to promote astrogliogenesis and cancer. Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3. GSK3β inhibition either by a specific GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 or overexpression of GID5-6 (GSK3β Interaction Domain aa380 to 404) did not suppress astrogliogenesis and GRP proliferation. GSK3β inhibition also did not suppress STAT3 activation. Together, these results indicate that lithium inhibits astrogliogenesis through non-GSK3β-mediated inhibition of STAT. Lithium may increase efficacy of NSC transplants by increasing neurogenesis and reducing astrogliogenesis. Our results also may explain the strong safety record of lithium treatment of manic depression. Millions of people take high-dose (>1 gram/day) lithium carbonate for a lifetime. GSK3b inhibition increases WNT/beta catenin, associated with colon and other cancers. STAT3 inhibition may reduce risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Zhu
- The 2nd Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Penny Kremer
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Iman Tadmori
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yi Ren
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dongming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xijing He
- The 2nd Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wise Young
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Fan LC, Chiang WF, Liang CH, Tsai YT, Wong TY, Chen KC, Hong TM, Chen YL. α-Catulin knockdown induces senescence in cancer cells. Oncogene 2011; 30:2610-21. [PMID: 21278790 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence functions as a tumor suppressor that protects against cancer progression. α-Catulin, an α-catenin-related protein, is reported to have tumorigenic potential because it regulates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, but little is known about its clinical relevance and the mechanism through which it regulates cancer progression. Here, we found that α-catulin mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in cancer cell lines and clinical oral squamous cell carcinomas, which positively correlated with tumor size (P=0.001) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P=0.004). α-Catulin knockdown in the OC2 and A549 cancer cell lines dramatically decreased cell proliferation and contributed to cellular senescence, and inhibited OC2 xenograft growth. Mechanistic dissection showed that α-catulin depletion strongly induced the DNA-damage response (DDR) in both cell lines, via a p53/p21-dependent pathway in A549 cells, but a p53/p21-independent pathway in OC2 cells carrying mutant p53. Global gene expression analysis revealed that α-catulin knockdown altered cell-cycle regulation and DDR pathways at the presenescent stage as well as significantly downregulate several crucial genes related to mitotic chromosome condensation, DDR and DNA repair systems, which suggests that its depletion-induced cellular senescence might be caused by chromosome condensation failures, severe DNA damage and impaired DNA repair ability. Our study provides evidence that α-catulin promotes tumor growth by preventing cellular senescence and suggests that downregulating α-catulin may be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-C Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Alpha-dystrobrevin-1 recruits alpha-catulin to the alpha1D-adrenergic receptor/dystrophin-associated protein complex signalosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21854-9. [PMID: 21115837 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010819107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
α(1D)-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are key regulators of cardiovascular system function that increase blood pressure and promote vascular remodeling. Unfortunately, little information exists about the signaling pathways used by this important G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). We recently discovered that α(1D)-ARs form a "signalosome" with multiple members of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) to become functionally expressed at the plasma membrane and bind ligands. However, the molecular mechanism by which the DAPC imparts functionality to the α(1D)-AR signalosome remains a mystery. To test the hypothesis that previously unidentified molecules are recruited to the α(1D)-AR signalosome, we performed an extensive proteomic analysis on each member of the DAPC. Bioinformatic analysis of our proteomic data sets detected a common interacting protein of relatively unknown function, α-catulin. Coimmunoprecipitation and blot overlay assays indicate that α-catulin is directly recruited to the α(1D)-AR signalosome by the C-terminal domain of α-dystrobrevin-1 and not the closely related splice variant α-dystrobrevin-2. Proteomic and biochemical analysis revealed that α-catulin supersensitizes α(1D)-AR functional responses by recruiting effector molecules to the signalosome. Taken together, our study implicates α-catulin as a unique regulator of GPCR signaling and represents a unique expansion of the intricate and continually evolving array of GPCR signaling networks.
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25
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McCrea PD, Gu D, Balda MS. Junctional music that the nucleus hears: cell-cell contact signaling and the modulation of gene activity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 1:a002923. [PMID: 20066098 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions continue to capture the interest of cell and developmental biologists, with an emerging area being the molecular means by which junctional signals relate to gene activity in the nucleus. Although complexities often arise in determining the direct versus indirect nature of such signal transduction, it is clear that such pathways are essential for the function of tissues and that alterations may contribute to many pathological outcomes. This review assesses a variety of cell-cell junction-to-nuclear signaling pathways, and outlines interesting areas for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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26
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α-Catulin CTN-1 is required for BK channel subcellular localization in C. elegans body-wall muscle cells. EMBO J 2010; 29:3184-95. [PMID: 20700105 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The BK channel, a voltage- and Ca(2+)-gated large-conductance potassium channel with many important functions, is often localized at specific subcellular domains. Although proper subcellular localization is likely a prerequisite for the channel to perform its physiological functions, little is known about the molecular basis of localization. Here, we show that CTN-1, a homologue of mammalian α-catulin, is required for subcellular localization of SLO-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans BK channel α-subunit, in body-wall muscle cells. CTN-1 was identified in a genetic screen for mutants that suppressed a lethargic phenotype caused by expressing a gain-of-function (gf) isoform of SLO-1. In body-wall muscle cells, CTN-1 coclusters with SLO-1 at regions of dense bodies, which are Z-disk analogs of mammalian skeletal muscle. In ctn-1 loss-of-function (lf) mutants, SLO-1 was mislocalized in body-wall muscle but its transcription and protein level were unchanged. Targeted rescue of ctn-1(lf) in muscle was sufficient to reinstate the lethargic phenotype in slo-1(gf);ctn-1(lf). These results suggest that CTN-1 plays an important role in BK channel function by mediating channel subcellular localization.
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27
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Ji H, Wang J, Nika H, Hawke D, Keezer S, Ge Q, Fang B, Fang X, Fang D, Litchfield DW, Aldape K, Lu Z. EGF-induced ERK activation promotes CK2-mediated disassociation of alpha-Catenin from beta-Catenin and transactivation of beta-Catenin. Mol Cell 2009; 36:547-59. [PMID: 19941816 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased transcriptional activity of beta-catenin resulting from Wnt/Wingless-dependent or -independent signaling has been detected in many types of human cancer, but the underlying mechanism of Wnt-independent regulation remains unclear. We demonstrate here that EGFR activation results in disruption of the complex of beta-catenin and alpha-catenin, thereby abrogating the inhibitory effect of alpha-catenin on beta-catenin transactivation via CK2alpha-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-catenin at S641. ERK2, which is activated by EGFR signaling, directly binds to CK2alpha via the ERK2 docking groove and phosphorylates CK2alpha primarily at T360/S362, subsequently enhancing CK2alpha activity toward alpha-catenin phosphorylation. In addition, levels of alpha-catenin S641 phosphorylation correlate with levels of ERK1/2 activity in human glioblastoma specimens and with grades of glioma malignancy. This EGFR-ERK-CK2-mediated phosphorylation of alpha-catenin promotes beta-catenin transactivation and tumor cell invasion. These findings highlight the importance of the crosstalk between EGFR and Wnt pathways in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ji
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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28
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Xiang Y, Tan YR, Zhang JS, Qin XQ, Hu BB, Wang Y, Qu F, Liu HJ. Wound repair and proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells regulated by CTNNAL1. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:920-30. [PMID: 17647259 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules play vital roles in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) or airway inflammation. Our previous study indicated that adhesion molecule catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1) is relevant closely to asthma susceptibility, but its biological function or significance is still unclear. In the present study, we observed the temporal and spatial distribution of CTNNAL1 expression in mouse lung tissue with the OVA-sensitized asthma model and found that the level of CTNNAL1 mRNA showed a prominent negative correlation with pulmonary resistance (R(L)). To study the function of CTNNAL1 in airway, effects of CTNNAL1 on proliferation and wound repair activity of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) was investigated with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) technique. The results showed that: (1) CTNNAL1 ASO could decelerate the repairing velocity and proliferation of HBEC; (2) CTNNAL1 expression was increased on the edge cells of mechanic wounded area in culture; (3) extracellular matrix component fibronectin (Fn) obviously promoted wound repair activity and proliferation of HBEC, which could be blocked by CTNNAL1 ASO; (4) Western blot showed that Fn could promote FAK phosphorylation, which also be inhibited by CTNNAL1 ASO. In conclusion, the level of CTNNAL1 mRNA expression is highly correlated to airway resistance; CTNNAL1 may contribute to the wound repair and proliferation of HBEC. Furthermore, it may serve to Fn mediated cell-extracellular adhesion and its signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China
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29
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Lien WH, Klezovitch O, Null M, Vasioukhin V. alphaE-catenin is not a significant regulator of beta-catenin signaling in the developing mammalian brain. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1357-62. [PMID: 18397997 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
beta-Catenin is a crucial mediator of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway. alpha-catenin is a major beta-catenin-binding protein, and overexpressed alpha-catenin can negatively regulate beta-catenin activity. Thus, alpha-catenin may be an important modulator of the Wnt pathway. We show here that endogenous alpha-catenin has little impact on the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin in developing mammalian organisms. We analyzed beta-catenin signaling in mice with conditional deletion of alphaE-catenin (Ctnna1) in the developing central nervous system. This mutation results in brain hyperplasia and we investigated whether activation of beta-catenin signaling may be at least partially responsible for this phenotype. To reveal potential quantitative or spatial changes in beta-catenin signaling, we used mice carrying a beta-catenin-signaling reporter transgene. In addition, we analyzed the expression of known endogenous targets of the beta-catenin pathway and the amount and localization of beta-catenin in mutant progenitor cells. We found that although loss of alphaE-catenin resulted in disruption of intercellular adhesion and hyperplasia in the developing brain, beta-catenin signaling was not altered. We conclude that endogenous alphaE-catenin has no significant impact on beta-catenin transcriptional activities in the developing mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Lien
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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30
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Merdek KD, Jaffe AB, Dutt P, Olson MF, Hall A, Fanburg BL, Kayyali US, Toksoz D. Alpha(E)-Catenin induces SRF-dependent transcriptional activity through its C-terminal region and is partly RhoA/ROCK-dependent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:717-23. [PMID: 18078809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous alpha(E)-catenin is an essential actin cytoskeletal linker. The transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF), induces transcription via binding to the serum response element (SRE) in gene promoters, and in many cases responds to actin dynamics. Here, we report that alpha(E)-catenin expression in HEK293 cells activates the SRE.L transcriptional reporter, a reporter containing the isolated SRF-binding site, and a stably integrated SRE.L reporter in fibroblasts. alpha-Catenin-induced reporter activity appears only partly dependent on RhoA GTPase and Rho kinase function. alpha-Catenin expression has no effect on RhoA activation or localization, and alpha-catenin-induced SRE.L reporter activation is insensitive to the actin-modulating agent latrunculin B. Ectopic alpha-catenin expression was not sufficient to induce actin filament assembly as measured by stress fiber formation. SRE.L reporter is activated by the C-terminal approximately 300 residue region of alpha(E)-catenin. These results suggest induction of SRF-mediated transcription by alpha(E)-catenin either downstream of RhoA or via a parallel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Merdek
- Physiology Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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31
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Wiesner C, Winsauer G, Resch U, Hoeth M, Schmid JA, van Hengel J, van Roy F, Binder BR, de Martin R. Alpha-catulin, a Rho signalling component, can regulate NF-kappaB through binding to IKK-beta, and confers resistance to apoptosis. Oncogene 2007; 27:2159-69. [PMID: 17952117 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases regulate diverse cellular functions including adhesion, cytokinesis and motility, as well as the activity of the transcription factors NF-kappaB, serum response factor and C/EBP. alpha-Catulin, an alpha-catenin-related protein that shares structural similarities with cytoskeletal linker proteins, facilitates Rho signalling by serving as a scaffold for the Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lbc. We report here that alpha-catulin also interacts with a key component of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway, namely the IkappaB kinase (IKK)-beta. In co-immunoprecipitations, alpha-catulin can bind IKK-beta and Lbc. Ectopic expression of alpha-catulin augmented NF-kappaB activity, promoted cell migration and increased resistance to apoptosis, whereas knockdown experiments showed the opposite effects. Together, these features suggest that alpha-catulin has tumorigenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wiesner
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Benjamin JM, Nelson WJ. Bench to bedside and back again: molecular mechanisms of alpha-catenin function and roles in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2007; 18:53-64. [PMID: 17945508 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cadherin/catenin complex, comprised of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and alpha-catenin, is essential for initiating cell-cell adhesion, establishing cellular polarity and maintaining tissue organization. Disruption or loss of the cadherin/catenin complex is common in cancer. As the primary cell-cell adhesion protein in epithelial cells, E-cadherin has long been studied in cancer progression. Similarly, additional roles for beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway has led to many studies of the role of beta-catenin in cancer. Alpha-catenin, in contrast, has received less attention. However, recent data demonstrate novel functions for alpha-catenin in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and cell-cell adhesion, which when perturbed could contribute to cancer progression. In this review, we use cancer data to evaluate molecular models of alpha-catenin function, from the canonical role of alpha-catenin in cell-cell adhesion to non-canonical roles identified following conditional alpha-catenin deletion. This analysis identifies alpha-catenin as a prognostic factor in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Benjamin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5430, USA
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33
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Burks J, Agazie YM. Modulation of alpha-catenin Tyr phosphorylation by SHP2 positively effects cell transformation induced by the constitutively active FGFR3. Oncogene 2006; 25:7166-79. [PMID: 16767162 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Src homology 2 phosphotyrosyl phosphatase (SHP2) is a nonreceptor-type phosphatase that acts as a positive transducer of receptor Tyr kinase (RTK) signaling, particularly the Ras-REK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Recently, we have demonstrated that SHP2 is required for cell transformation induced by the constitutively active fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (K/E-FR3) (Oncogene, 22, 6909-6918). In that study, we had detected a phosphotyrosyl protein of approximately 100 KDa (p100) in cells expressing dominant-negative SHP2 (R/E-SHP2), but its identity and relevance in SHP2-meditaed transformation was not known. Here, we report the identification of p100 as alpha-catenin, a vinculin-related protein involved in adherens junction-mediated intercellular adhesion. We show that alpha-catenin becomes Tyr phosphorylated in intercellular adhesion-dependent manner and this event is counteracted by SHP2. Substrate trapping in intact cells and immunocomplex phosphatse assays confirmed that alpha-catenin is in deed an SHP2 substrate. Tyr phosphorylation of alpha-catenin enhances its translocation to the plasma membrane and its interaction with beta-catenin, leading to enhanced actin polymerization and stabilization of adherens junction-mediated intercellular adhesion, a phenomenon commensurate with loss of the transformation phenotype. Site-directed mutagenesis studies also suggested that Tyr phosphorylation of alpha-catenin enhances its inhibitory role on cell transformation. Based on our previous work and the current report, we demonstrate that mediation of cell transformation by SHP2 is a complex process that involves modulation of the Ras-ERK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, intercellular adhesion, focal adhesion and actin cytoskeletal reorganization. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing regulation of alpha-catenin function by Tyr phosphorylation and its inhibitory effect on cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert C Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9142, USA
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34
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Ma Y, Cui W, Yang J, Qu J, Di C, Amin HM, Lai R, Ritz J, Krause DS, Chai L. SALL4, a novel oncogene, is constitutively expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and induces AML in transgenic mice. Blood 2006; 108:2726-35. [PMID: 16763212 PMCID: PMC1895586 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-001594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SALL4, a human homolog to Drosophila spalt, is a novel zinc finger transcriptional factor essential for development. We cloned SALL4 and its isoforms (SALL4A and SALL4B). Through immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that SALL4 was constitutively expressed in human primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 81), and directly tested the leukemogenic potential of constitutive expression of SALL4 in a murine model. SALL4B transgenic mice developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-like features and subsequently AML that was transplantable. Increased apoptosis associated with dysmyelopoiesis was evident in transgenic mouse marrow and colony-formation (CFU) assays. Both isoforms could bind to beta-catenin and synergistically enhanced the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Our data suggest that the constitutive expression of SALL4 causes MDS/AML, most likely through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Our murine model provides a useful platform to study human MDS/AML transformation, as well as the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway's role in the pathogenesis of leukemia stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oncogenes
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupo Ma
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Bogaerts S, Vanlandschoot A, van Hengel J, van Roy F. Nuclear translocation of alphaN-catenin by the novel zinc finger transcriptional repressor ZASC1. Exp Cell Res 2005; 311:1-13. [PMID: 16182284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-catenins anchor the transmembrane cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin indirectly to the actin cytoskeleton through interaction with beta-catenin or plakoglobin. Three different alpha-catenins are known at present: alphaE-, alphaT-, and alphaN-catenin. Despite their different expression patterns, no functional differences between the alpha-catenins are known. In a yeast two-hybrid screening with alphaN-catenin as bait, we identified the Cys(2)-His2 zinc finger protein ZASC1. The mRNA and protein of ZASC1 were ubiquitously expressed in various cell lines and human tissues. Our results suggest an association of the ZASC1 protein with DNA, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that ZASC1 is a transcriptional repressor. Upon transient overexpression, the ZASC1 protein localized in the nucleus, to where it was able to recruit cytoplasmic alphaN-catenin. Neither the highly related alphaE-catenin nor alphaT-catenin interacted with ZASC1. By interchanging parts of alphaN-catenin and alphaE-catenin cDNAs, we were able to narrow down the interaction region of alphaN-catenin to two limited amino-terminal regions. On the other hand, the interaction of ZASC1 with alphaN-catenin can be mediated by the domain comprising zinc fingers six to eight of ZASC1. The interaction and nuclear cotranslocation of a neural alpha-catenin with a putative proto-oncogene product as reported here provides novel insights into the signaling functions of alpha-catenins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bogaerts
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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