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Jablonska S, Brown H, Appleberry H, Putonti C, Kula A. Draft genome sequences for a Staphylococcus aureus and a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate from nasal swab samples from healthy females. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024:e0051824. [PMID: 39012132 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00518-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus are common members of the human microbiota, but they are also opportunistic pathogens. To identify antibiotic resistance in healthy individuals, we present the genome sequences of S. aureus 139 N-1 and S. haemolyticus 173 N-3, both isolated from nasal swab samples from asymptomatic female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jablonska
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah Brown
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Helen Appleberry
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Kula
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hamdy A, Marciniak T, Alseqely M, Ziebuhr W, Abouelmagd E, Abouelfetouh A. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of commensal staphylococci isolated from young volunteers in Alexandria, Egypt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14850. [PMID: 38937465 PMCID: PMC11211488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasally colonized staphylococci carry antibiotic resistance genes and may lead to serious opportunistic infections. We are investigating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci other than S. aureus (SOSA) among young volunteers in Egypt to determine their risk potential. Nasal swabs collected over 1 week in June 2019 from 196 volunteers were cultured for staphylococcus isolation. The participants were interviewed to assess sex, age, general health, hospitalization and personal hygiene habits. Identification was carried out using biochemical tests and VITEK 2 automated system. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Screening for macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermT and msrA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty four S. aureus and 69 SOSA were obtained. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected among most staphylococcal species, ranging from 30.77% among S. hominis to 50% among S. epidermidis. Phenotypic resistance to all tested antibiotics, except for linezolid, was observed. Susceptibility to rifampicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin was highest. ermB showed the highest prevalence among all species (79.41% and 94.2% among S. aureus and SOSA, respectively), and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance was equally observed in S. aureus and SOSA (11.11% and 16.22%, respectively), whereas inducible MLSB resistance was more often found in S. aureus (77.78% and 43.24%, respectively). The species or resistance level of the carried isolates were not significantly associated with previous hospitalization or underlying diseases. Although over all colonization and carriage of resistance genes are within normal ranges, the increased carriage of MDR S. aureus is alarming. Also, the fact that many macrolide resitance genes were detected should be a warning sign, particularly in case of MLSB inducible phenotype. More in depth analysis using whole genome sequencing would give a better insight into the MDR staphylococci in the community in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Alseqely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elsayed Abouelmagd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Alamein Branch, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein, Egypt.
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Nagarajan A, Scoggin K, Gupta J, Aminian M, Adams LG, Kirby M, Threadgill D, Andrews-Polymenis H. Collaborative Cross mice have diverse phenotypic responses to infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011229. [PMID: 38696518 PMCID: PMC11108197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen causing diseases ranging from mild skin infections to life threatening conditions, including endocarditis, pneumonia, and sepsis. To identify host genes modulating this host-pathogen interaction, we infected 25 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and monitored disease progression for seven days using a surgically implanted telemetry system. CC strains varied widely in their response to intravenous MRSA infection. We identified eight 'susceptible' CC strains with high bacterial load, tissue damage, and reduced survival. Among the surviving strains, six with minimal colonization were classified as 'resistant', while the remaining six tolerated higher organ colonization ('tolerant'). The kidney was the most heavily colonized organ, but liver, spleen and lung colonization were better correlated with reduced survival. Resistant strains had higher pre-infection circulating neutrophils and lower post-infection tissue damage compared to susceptible and tolerant strains. We identified four CC strains with sexual dimorphism: all females survived the study period while all males met our euthanasia criteria earlier. In these CC strains, males had more baseline circulating monocytes and red blood cells. We identified several CC strains that may be useful as new models for endocarditis, myocarditis, pneumonia, and resistance to MRSA infection. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis identified two significant loci, on Chromosomes 18 and 3, involved in early susceptibility and late survival after infection. We prioritized Npc1 and Ifi44l genes as the strongest candidates influencing survival using variant analysis and mRNA expression data from kidneys within these intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravindh Nagarajan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristin Scoggin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jyotsana Gupta
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manuchehr Aminian
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - L. Garry Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Kirby
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David Threadgill
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Reuben RC, Torres C. Bacteriocins: potentials and prospects in health and agrifood systems. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:233. [PMID: 38662051 PMCID: PMC11045635 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are highly diverse, abundant, and heterogeneous antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Since their discovery about a century ago, there has been a growing interest in bacteriocin research and applications. This is mainly due to their high antimicrobial properties, narrow or broad spectrum of activity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and stability. Though initially used to improve food quality and safety, bacteriocins are now globally exploited for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins have the potential to beneficially modulate microbiota, providing viable microbiome-based solutions for the treatment, management, and non-invasive bio-diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The use of bacteriocins holds great promise in the modulation of food microbiomes, antimicrobial food packaging, bio-sanitizers and antibiofilm, pre/post-harvest biocontrol, functional food, growth promotion, and sustainable aquaculture. This can undoubtedly improve food security, safety, and quality globally. This review highlights the current trends in bacteriocin research, especially the increasing research outputs and funding, which we believe may proportionate the soaring global interest in bacteriocins. The use of cutting-edge technologies, such as bioengineering, can further enhance the exploitation of bacteriocins for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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Gund MP, Naim J, Rupf S, Gärtner B, Hannig M. Bacterial contamination potential of personal protective equipment itself in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Odontology 2024; 112:309-316. [PMID: 37702832 PMCID: PMC10925564 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Personal protective equipment (PPE) has long been a high priority in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Since COVID-19 pandemic, its importance has increased yet again. While importance of PPE in preventing transmission and thus possible infection of pathogens is well known, contamination potential of PPE after treatment itself is less investigated. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature and contamination potential (viral, blood, bacterial) of components of protective equipment itself. The literature search was performed using the Medline database; furthermore, a hand search was conducted. Last search took place on 23 November 2022. Two categories of hygiene-related keywords were formed (category A: mask, face shield, goggles, eyewear, personal protective equipment; category B: contamination, aerosol). Each keyword from one category was combined with all keywords from the other one. In addition, the keyword "dental" was always added. First, a title and abstract screening was performed. Afterward, a full-text analysis was followed for the included studies. A total of 648 search hits were found in the Medline database. 47 were included after title and abstract screening. 22 studies were excluded after full-text analysis, 25 studies were included. The hand search resulted in 4 studies that were included. Bacterial contamination of PPE after treatment has been adequately studied, contamination with blood less. Microorganisms mainly originate from the oral and cutaneous flora; however, a transmission of potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli was also described. Studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. No measures have yet been described that fully protect the protective equipment from contamination. There is growing awareness that PPE itself can be a source of pathogen transmission, and thus possible infection. Therefore, not only wearing of protective clothing, but also conscious handling of it is crucial for transmission and possible infection prevention. However, studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. Several studies have investigated what measures can be taken to protect the protective equipment itself. So far, none of the methods evaluated can prevent contamination of PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madline Priska Gund
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Jusef Naim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Chair of Synoptic Dentistry, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Gärtner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Hospital Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Elradi M, Ahmed AI, Saleh AM, Abdel-Raouf KMA, Berika L, Daoud Y, Amleh A. Derivation of a novel antimicrobial peptide from the Red Sea Brine Pools modified to enhance its anticancer activity against U2OS cells. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38491556 PMCID: PMC10943910 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated drug resistance is a major cause for cancer aggravation, particularly as conventional therapies have presented limited efficiency, low specificity, resulting in long term deleterious side effects. Peptide based drugs have emerged as potential alternative cancer treatment tools due to their selectivity, ease of design and synthesis, safety profile, and low cost of manufacturing. In this study, we utilized the Red Sea metagenomics database, generated during AUC/KAUST Red Sea microbiome project, to derive a viable anticancer peptide (ACP). We generated a set of peptide hits from our library that shared similar composition to ACPs. A peptide with a homeodomain was selected, modified to improve its anticancer properties, verified to maintain high anticancer properties, and processed for further in-silico prediction of structure and function. The peptide's anticancer properties were then assessed in vitro on osteosarcoma U2OS cells, through cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay), scratch-wound healing assay, apoptosis/necrosis detection assay (Annexin/PI assay), RNA expression analysis of Caspase 3, KI67 and Survivin, and protein expression of PARP1. L929 mouse fibroblasts were also assessed for cytotoxicity treatment. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the peptide was also examined on E coli and S. aureus, as sample representative species of the human bacterial microbiome, by examining viability, disk diffusion, morphological assessment, and hemolytic analysis. We observed a dose dependent cytotoxic response from peptide treatment of U2OS, with a higher tolerance in L929s. Wound closure was debilitated in cells exposed to the peptide, while annexin fluorescent imaging suggested peptide treatment caused apoptosis as a major mode of cell death. Caspase 3 gene expression was not altered, while KI67 and Survivin were both downregulated in peptide treated cells. Additionally, PARP-1 protein analysis showed a decrease in expression with peptide exposure. The peptide exhibited minimal antimicrobial activity on critical human microbiome species E. coli and S. aureus, with a low inhibition rate, maintenance of structural morphology and minimal hemolytic impact. These findings suggest our novel peptide displayed preliminary ACP properties against U2OS cells, through limited specificity, while triggering apoptosis as a primary mode of cell death and while having minimal impact on the microbiological species E. coli and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elradi
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ahmed
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lina Berika
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara Daoud
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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Loncaric I, Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Cabal-Rosel A, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Oberrauch C, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Spergser J. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nares of ruminants. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad304. [PMID: 38159931 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of ruminants in Rwanda. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 454 nasal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep were examined for the presence of S. aureus, and 30 S. aureus isolates were detected and characterized pheno- and genotypically. Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was observed. The isolates were assigned to eight different spa types (t21057 (novel), t10103, t18853, t20842, t318, t355, t458, and t9432) belonging to six clonal complexes (CCs) (CC152, CC30, CC3591, CC3666, CC522, and CC97). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83), and the human and bovine variants of the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the nares of ruminants in Rwanda are colonized with mastitis-associated S. aureus, including lineages that are also carried by humans, underscoring the zoonotic risk, especially for livestock keepers. These results highlight the crucial importance of hygiene measures when handling livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine-CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, P.O. Box 210, Nyagatare, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Celine Oberrauch
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Behera M, Singh G, Vats A, Parmanand, Roshan M, Gautam D, Rana C, Kesharwani RK, De S, Ghorai SM. Expression and characterization of novel chimeric endolysin CHAPk-SH3bk against biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127969. [PMID: 37944719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous evolution of antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) due to the misuse of antibiotics lays out the need for the development of new antimicrobials with higher activity and lower resistance. In this study, we have expressed novel chimeric endolysin CHAPk-SH3bk derived from LysK to investigate its antibacterial activity against planktonic and biofilm-forming MRSA. The molecular docking and MD simulation results identified critical amino acids (ASP47, ASP56, ARG71, and Gly74) of CHAPk domain responsible for its catalytic activity. Chimeric endolysin CHAPk-SH3bk showed an effective binding to peptidoglycan fragment using 14 hydrogen bonds. The in-vitro antibacterial assays displayed higher activity of CHAPk against planktonic MRSA with 2-log10 reduction in 2 h. Both CHAPk and CHAPk-SH3bk displayed bactericidal activity against MRSA with ∼4log10 and ∼3.5log10 reduction in 24 h. Biofilm reduction activity displayed CHAPk-SH3bk reduced 33 % and 60 % of hospital-associated ATCC®BAA-44™ and bovine origin SA1 respectively. The CHAPk treatment reduced 47 % of the preformed biofilm formed by bovine-origin MRSA SA1. This study indicates an effective reduction of preformed MRSA biofilms of human and animal origin using novel chimeric construct CHAPk-SH3bk. Stating that the combination and shuffling of different domains of phage endolysin potentially increase its bacteriolytic effectiveness against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Behera
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Section of Microbiology, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parmanand
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Roshan
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Devika Gautam
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Chanchal Rana
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
- Department of Computer Application, Nehru Gram Bharati (Deemed to be University), Prayagraj, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Soma M Ghorai
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Martins DM, Cardoso EM, Capellari L, Botelho LAB, Ferreira FA. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus from nares of elderly living in a Brazilian nursing home. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116089. [PMID: 37931385 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymptomatically nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is a well-established risk factor for S. aureus infections. The aimed of the study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from individuals residing in one Brazilian nursing home (NH). Three time-separate nasal swab collections were obtained from the elderly enrolled. The S. aureus isolates identified were submitted to Antimicrobial Susceptibility test (AST). The study showed a high prevalence of S. aureus (n = 9; 60%) and MRSA (n = 4; 26.7%) among elderly. Resistance to erythromycin was the most detected. S. aureus or MRSA colonization could not be associated to the data collected on demographics, personal habits, and medical history of the participants. Despite the small number of individuals enrolled, our study can contribute to improve the control of S. aureus and MRSA dissemination within the community, especially among the most vulnerable like the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Miriã Martins
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Bacteriana (GeMBac), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Mendes Cardoso
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Bacteriana (GeMBac), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lilian Capellari
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Bacteriana (GeMBac), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alvarenga Batista Botelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia Medica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Antunes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Bacteriana (GeMBac), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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10
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Jiang JH, Cameron DR, Nethercott C, Aires-de-Sousa M, Peleg AY. Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0014822. [PMID: 37982596 PMCID: PMC10732075 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, agr). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Cameron
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cara Nethercott
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institutode Tecnologia Químicae Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa-Lisboa (ESSCVP-Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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King AM, Zhang Z, Glassey E, Siuti P, Clardy J, Voigt CA. Systematic mining of the human microbiome identifies antimicrobial peptides with diverse activity spectra. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2420-2434. [PMID: 37973865 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Human-associated bacteria secrete modified peptides to control host physiology and remodel the microbiota species composition. Here we scanned 2,229 Human Microbiome Project genomes of species colonizing skin, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, mouth and trachea for gene clusters encoding RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides). We found 218 lanthipeptides and 25 lasso peptides, 70 of which were synthesized and expressed in E. coli and 23 could be purified and functionally characterized. They were tested for activity against bacteria associated with healthy human flora and pathogens. New antibiotics were identified against strains implicated in skin, nasal and vaginal dysbiosis as well as from oral strains selectively targeting those in the gut. Extended- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics were found against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Mining natural products produced by human-associated microbes will enable the elucidation of ecological relationships and may be a rich resource for antimicrobial discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M King
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhengan Zhang
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emerson Glassey
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Piro Siuti
- Synthetic Biology Group, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Voigt
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Aggarwal D, Rajan D, Bellis KL, Betteridge E, Brennan J, de Sousa C, Parkhill J, Peacock SJ, de Goffau MC, Wagner J, Harrison EM. Optimization of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing: an assessment of PCR pooling, mastermix use and contamination. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001115. [PMID: 37843887 PMCID: PMC10634443 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA gene sequencing is widely used to characterize human and environmental microbiomes. Sequencing at scale facilitates better powered studies but is limited by cost and time. We identified two areas in our 16S rRNA gene library preparation protocol where modifications could provide efficiency gains, including (1) pooling of multiple PCR amplifications per sample to reduce PCR drift and (2) manual preparation of mastermix to reduce liquid handling. Using nasal samples from healthy human participants and a serially diluted mock microbial community, we compared alpha and beta diversity, and compositional abundance where the PCR amplification was conducted in triplicate, duplicate or as a single reaction, and where manually prepared or premixed mastermix was used. One hundred and fifty-eight 16S rRNA gene sequencing libraries were prepared, including a replicate experiment. Comparing PCR pooling strategies, we found no significant difference in high-quality read counts and alpha diversity, and beta diversity by Bray-Curtis index clustered by replicate on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and non-metric dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. Choice of mastermix had no significant impact on high-quality read and alpha diversity, and beta diversity by Bray-Curtis index clustered by replicate in PCoA and NMDS analysis. Importantly, we observed contamination and variability of rare species (<0.01 %) across replicate experiments; the majority of contaminants were accounted for by removal of species present at <0.1 %, or were linked to reagents (including a primer stock). We demonstrate no requirement for pooling of PCR amplifications or manual preparation of PCR mastermix, resulting in a more efficient 16S rRNA gene PCR protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Rajan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine L. Bellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Joe Brennan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catarina de Sousa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - CARRIAGE Study Team‡
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marcus C. de Goffau
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josef Wagner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan M. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Chang SC, Kao CY, Lin LC, Hidrosollo JH, Lu JJ. Lugdunin production and activity in Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolates are associated with its genotypes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0129823. [PMID: 37732790 PMCID: PMC10580833 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01298-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lugdunin produced by Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been shown to have broad inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria; however, lugdunin activity among S. lugdunensis isolates and its association with different agr, SCCmec, and sequence types remain unclear. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify S. lugdunensis and collected 202 S. lugdunensis samples for further assays. Agar spot tests were performed to characterize S. lugdunensis lugdunin production and activity. Multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec, and agr genotyping were performed on S. lugdunensis. In all, 91 Staphylococcus aureus strains with varying vancomycin susceptibilities were used to examine lugdunin activity in S. lugdunensis. In total, 48 S. lugdunensis strains (23.8%) were found to be oxacillin-resistant S. lugdunensis (ORSL), whereas 154 (76.2%) were classified as oxacillin-sensitive S. lugdunensis (OSSL). Moreover, 16 (33.3%) ORSL and 35 (22.7%) OSSL strains showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Our data showed that most lugdunin-producing ORSL strains (14/48, 29.2%) were of ST3-SCCmec V-agr II genotypes, whereas most lugdunin-producing OSSL strains (15/154, 9.7%) were of ST3-agr II, followed by ST1-agr I (10/154, 6.5%). Our data also revealed that lugdunin exhibited weak inhibitory activity against the VISA ST239 isolate. In addition, we observed that ST239 VSSA was more resistant to lugdunin than ST5, ST59, and ST45 VSSA. Taken together, our data pioneered the epidemiology of lugdunin production in S. lugdunensis isolates and revealed its association with genotypes. However, further molecular and bioinformatics investigations are needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of lugdunin production and activity. IMPORTANCE Lugdunin is active against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci by dissipating their membrane potential. However, the association of lugdunin activity with the genotypes of Staphylococcus lugdunensis has not been addressed. Here, we show the high prevalence of lugdunin-producing strains among ST1 (83.3%), ST2 (66.7%), and ST3 (53.3%) S. lugdunensis. Moreover, we identified the antibacterial activity of lugdunin-producing strains against VISA and hVISA. These results shed light on the potential application of lugdunin for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chung Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jazon Harl Hidrosollo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Sirichoat A, Kaewseekhao B, Nithichanon A, Roytrakul S, Faksri K. Proteomic Profiles and Protein Network Analysis of Primary Human Leukocytes Revealed Possible Clearance Biomarkers for Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:335. [PMID: 37665379 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a serious pathogen that can survive within host cells after a typical course of treatment completion, leading to chronic infection. Knowledge of host proteomic patterns after clearance of this pathogen from cells is limited. Here, we looked for S. aureus clearance biomarkers produced by in vitro-infected leukocytes. Extracellular proteins from primary human leukocytes infected with S. aureus ATCC 25923 were investigated as possible treatment-monitoring clearance biomarkers by applying a proteomics approach combining liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and protein interaction network analysis. It was found that the expression patterns of proteins secreted by S. aureus-infected leukocytes differed among stages of infection. Proteomic profiles showed that an ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter-like, Class I, type 8A, member 2 (ATP8A2) was expressed in the clearance stage and was not detected at any earlier stage or in uninfected controls. Protein network analysis showed that TERF2 (telomeric repeat-binding factor 2), ZNF440 (zinc finger protein 440), and PPP1R14A (phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A) were up-regulated, while GLE1, an essential RNA-export mediator, was suppressed in both infection and clearance stages, suggesting their potential roles in S. aureus infection and clearance. These findings are the first to report that the ATP8A2 has potential as a clearance biomarker for S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auttawit Sirichoat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Kaewseekhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arnone Nithichanon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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15
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Buonsenso D, Giaimo M, Pata D, Rizzi A, Fiori B, Spanu T, Ruggiero A, Attinà G, Piastra M, Genovese O, Vento G, Costa S, Tiberi E, Sanguinetti M, Valentini P. Retrospective Study on Staphylococcus aureus Resistance Profile and Antibiotic Use in a Pediatric Population. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1378. [PMID: 37760675 PMCID: PMC10525873 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and the presence of limited data concerning the pediatric area prompted us to focus on Staphylococcus aureus infection in this study, its antibiotic resistance profile, and the therapeutic management of affected children. We conducted a retrospective study by collecting clinical data on infants and children with antibiogram-associated S. aureus infection. We enrolled 1210 patients with a mean age of 0.9 years. We analyzed the resistance patterns and found 61.5% resistance to oxacillin, 58.4% resistance to cephalosporins, 41.6% resistance to aminoglycosides, and 38.3% resistance to fluoroquinolones. Importantly, we found no resistance to glycopeptides, a key antibiotic for MRSA infections whose resistance is increasing worldwide. We also found that the main risk factors associated with antibiotic resistance are being aged between 0 and 28 days, the presence of devices, and comorbidities. Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern; knowing the resistance profiles makes it possible to better target the therapy; however, it is important to use antibiotics according to the principles of antibiotic stewardship to limit their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
- Global Health Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Giaimo
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Davide Pata
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Alessia Rizzi
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Fiori
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Infectious Disease, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (T.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Teresa Spanu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Infectious Disease, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (T.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Marco Piastra
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Orazio Genovese
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Simonetta Costa
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Eloisa Tiberi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Infectious Disease, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (T.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Piero Valentini
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (D.P.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.C.); (E.T.); (P.V.)
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16
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Gatica S, Fuentes B, Rivera-Asín E, Ramírez-Céspedes P, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Catalán EA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Simon F, Riedel CA, Melo-Gonzalez F. Novel evidence on sepsis-inducing pathogens: from laboratory to bedside. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1198200. [PMID: 37426029 PMCID: PMC10327444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Among the leading causative agents of sepsis are bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes, along with fungal pathogens of the Candida species. Here, we focus on evidence from human studies but also include in vitro and in vivo cellular and molecular evidence, exploring how bacterial and fungal pathogens are associated with bloodstream infection and sepsis. This review presents a narrative update on pathogen epidemiology, virulence factors, host factors of susceptibility, mechanisms of immunomodulation, current therapies, antibiotic resistance, and opportunities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics, through the perspective of bloodstream infection and sepsis. A list of curated novel host and pathogen factors, diagnostic and prognostic markers, and potential therapeutical targets to tackle sepsis from the research laboratory is presented. Further, we discuss the complex nature of sepsis depending on the sepsis-inducing pathogen and host susceptibility, the more common strains associated with severe pathology and how these aspects may impact in the management of the clinical presentation of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gatica
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brandon Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rivera-Asín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Ramírez-Céspedes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Catalán
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Toro-Ascuy D, Cárdenas JP, Zorondo-Rodríguez F, González D, Silva-Moreno E, Puebla C, Nunez-Parra A, Reyes-Cerpa S, Fuenzalida LF. Microbiota Profile of the Nasal Cavity According to Lifestyles in Healthy Adults in Santiago, Chile. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1635. [PMID: 37512807 PMCID: PMC10384449 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respiratory microbiome is dynamic, varying between anatomical niches, and it is affected by various host and environmental factors, one of which is lifestyle. Few studies have characterized the upper respiratory tract microbiome profile according to lifestyle. We explored the association between lifestyles and microbiota profiles in the upper respiratory tract of healthy adults. METHODS We analyzed nasal samples from 110 healthy adults who were living in Santiago, Chile, using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-sequencing methods. Volunteers completed a structured questionnaire about lifestyle. RESULTS The composition and abundance of taxonomic groups varied across lifestyle attributes. Additionally, multivariate models suggested that alpha diversity varied in the function of physical activity, nutritional status, smoking, and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking, although the significant impact of those variables varied between women and men. Although physical activity and nutritional status were significantly associated with all indexes of alpha diversity among women, the diversity of microbiota among men was associated with smoking and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking. CONCLUSIONS The alpha diversity of nasal microbiota is associated with lifestyle attributes, but these associations depend on sex and nutritional status. Our results suggest that future studies of the airway microbiome may provide a better resolution if data are stratified for differences in sex and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Toro-Ascuy
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Juan P Cárdenas
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Damariz González
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Carlos Puebla
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Alexia Nunez-Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Loreto F Fuenzalida
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
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18
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Campos J, Pires MF, Sousa M, Campos C, da Costa CFFA, Sampaio-Maia B. Unveiling the Relevance of the Oral Cavity as a Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Site and Potential Source of Antimicrobial Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:765. [PMID: 37375455 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and a pathogen, that causes serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Despite nostrils being considered its preferred host habitat, the oral cavity has been demonstrated to be an ideal starting point for auto-infection and transmission. The antibiotic resistance assessment of S. aureus is a priority and is often reported in clinical settings. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in the oral and nasal cavities of healthy individuals. The participants (n = 101) were subjected to a demographic and clinical background survey, a caries evaluation, and to oral and nasal swabbing. Swabs were cultured in differential/selective media and S. aureus isolates were identified (MALDI-TOF MS) and tested for antibiotic susceptibility (EUCAST/CLSI). Similar S. aureus prevalence was found exclusively on nasal (13.9%) or oral (12.0%) habitats, whereas 9.9% of the population were simultaneous nasal and oral carriers. In oro-nasal cavities, similar antibiotic resistance rates (83.3-81.5%), including MDR (20.8-29.6%), were observed. Notably, 60% (6/10) of the simultaneous nasal and oral carriers exhibited different antibiotic resistance profiles between cavities. This study demonstrates the relevance of the oral cavity as an independent colonization site for S. aureus and as a potential source of antimicrobial resistance, a role which has been widely neglected so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Faria Pires
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Campos
- Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Fernandes Ferreira Alves da Costa
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Fernández-Fernández R, Lozano C, Reuben RC, Ruiz-Ripa L, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Comprehensive Approaches for the Search and Characterization of Staphylococcins. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1329. [PMID: 37317303 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel and sustainable approaches are required to curb the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Within the last decades, antimicrobial peptides, especially bacteriocins, have received increased attention and are being explored as suitable alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria as a self-preservation method against competitors. Bacteriocins produced by Staphylococcus, also referred to as staphylococcins, have steadily shown great antimicrobial potential and are currently being considered promising candidates to mitigate the AMR menace. Moreover, several bacteriocin-producing Staphylococcus isolates of different species, especially coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), have been described and are being targeted as a good alternative. This revision aims to help researchers in the search and characterization of staphylococcins, so we provide an up-to-date list of bacteriocin produced by Staphylococcus. Moreover, a universal nucleotide and amino acid-based phylogeny system of the well-characterized staphylococcins is proposed that could be of interest in the classification and search for these promising antimicrobials. Finally, we discuss the state of art of the staphylococcin applications and an overview of the emerging concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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20
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Mejia ME, Robertson CM, Patras KA. Interspecies Interactions within the Host: the Social Network of Group B Streptococcus. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0044022. [PMID: 36975791 PMCID: PMC10112235 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00440-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a pervasive neonatal pathogen accounting for a combined half a million deaths and stillbirths annually. The most common source of fetal or neonatal GBS exposure is the maternal microbiota. GBS asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa of 1 in 5 individuals globally, although its precise role in these niches is not well understood. To prevent vertical transmission, broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered to GBS-positive mothers during labor in many countries. Although antibiotics have significantly reduced GBS early-onset neonatal disease, there are several unintended consequences, including an altered neonatal microbiota and increased risk for other microbial infections. Additionally, the incidence of late-onset GBS neonatal disease remains unaffected and has sparked an emerging hypothesis that GBS-microbe interactions in developing neonatal gut microbiota may be directly involved in this disease process. This review summarizes our current understanding of GBS interactions with other resident microbes at the mucosal surface from multiple angles, including clinical association studies, agriculture and aquaculture observations, and experimental animal model systems. We also include a comprehensive review of in vitro findings of GBS interactions with other bacterial and fungal microbes, both commensal and pathogenic, along with newly established animal models of GBS vaginal colonization and in utero or neonatal infection. Finally, we provide a perspective on emerging areas of research and current strategies to design microbe-targeting prebiotic or probiotic therapeutic intervention strategies to prevent GBS disease in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyd E. Mejia
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clare M. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Cevik P, Akca G, Asar NV, Avci E, Kiat-Amnuay S, Yilmaz B. Antimicrobial effects of nano titanium dioxide and disinfectants on maxillofacial silicones. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00135-X. [PMID: 37012133 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Deficient hygiene of maxillofacial prostheses can be a source of infection, and various disinfectants, including nano-oxides, have been suggested for the disinfection of silicone prostheses. While maxillofacial silicones involving nano-oxides at different sizes and concentrations have been evaluated in terms of their mechanical and physical properties, reports are lacking on the antimicrobial effect of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) incorporated into maxillofacial silicones contaminated by different biofilms. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 6 different disinfectants and nano TiO2 incorporation into maxillofacial silicone contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans biofilms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 258 silicone specimens (129 pure silicones and 129 nano TiO2-incorporated silicones) were fabricated. Specimens in each silicone group (with or without nano TiO2) were divided into 7 disinfectant groups (control, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, neutral soap, 100% white vinegar, and effervescent) in each biofilm group. Contaminated specimens were disinfected, and the suspension of each specimen was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Proliferated colonies were recorded in colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The differences in microbial levels among specimens were evaluated to test the effect of the type of silicone and the disinfectant (α=.05). RESULTS Significant difference was found among disinfectants regardless of the silicone type (P<.05). Nano TiO2 incorporation showed an antimicrobial effect on S aureus, E coli, and C albicans biofilms. Nano TiO2 incorporated silicone cleaned with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate had statistically less C albicans than pure silicone. Using white vinegar or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate led to no E coli on either silicone. Nano TiO2 incorporated silicone cleaned with effervescent had fewer S aureus or C albicans biofilms. CONCLUSIONS The tested disinfectants and nano TiO2 incorporation into silicone were effective against most of the microorganisms used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cevik
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; and Research Scholar, Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Gulcin Akca
- Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Basic Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neset Volkan Asar
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Avci
- Epidemiologist, General Directorate of Public Health, Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkey
| | - Sudarat Kiat-Amnuay
- Professor and Section Head, Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, and Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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22
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Nielsen FD, Møller-Jensen J, Jørgensen MG. Adding context to the pneumococcal core genes using bioinformatic analysis of the intergenic pangenome of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1074212. [PMID: 36844929 PMCID: PMC9944727 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1074212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Whole genome sequencing offers great opportunities for linking genotypes to phenotypes aiding in our understanding of human disease and bacterial pathogenicity. However, these analyses often overlook non-coding intergenic regions (IGRs). By disregarding the IGRs, crucial information is lost, as genes have little biological function without expression. Methods/Results: In this study, we present the first complete pangenome of the important human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), spanning both the genes and IGRs. We show that the pneumococcus species retains a small core genome of IGRs that are present across all isolates. Gene expression is highly dependent on these core IGRs, and often several copies of these core IGRs are found across each genome. Core genes and core IGRs show a clear linkage as 81% of core genes are associated with core IGRs. Additionally, we identify a single IGR within the core genome that is always occupied by one of two highly distinct sequences, scattered across the phylogenetic tree. Discussion: Their distribution indicates that this IGR is transferred between isolates through horizontal regulatory transfer independent of the flanking genes and that each type likely serves different regulatory roles depending on their genetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Damgaard Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Møller-Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Girke Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,*Correspondence: Mikkel Girke Jørgensen,
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23
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Fernández-Fernández R, Abdullahi IN, González-Azcona C, Ulloa A, Martínez A, García-Vela S, Höfle U, Zarazaga M, Lozano C, Torres C. Detection of antimicrobial producing Staphylococcus from migratory birds: Potential role in nasotracheal microbiota modulation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1144975. [PMID: 37113241 PMCID: PMC10126283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1144975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A collection of 259 staphylococci of 13 different species [212 coagulase-negative (CoNS) and 47 coagulase-positive (CoPS)] recovered from nasotracheal samples of 87 healthy nestling white storks was tested by the spot-on-lawn method for antimicrobial-activity (AA) against 14 indicator bacteria. Moreover, extracts of AP isolates were obtained [cell-free-supernatants (CFS) both crude and concentrated and butanol extracts] and tested against the 14 indicator bacteria. The microbiota modulation capacity of AP isolates was tested considering: (a) intra-sample AA, against all Gram-positive bacteria recovered in the same stork nasotracheal sample; (b) inter-sample AA against a selection of representative Gram-positive bacteria of the nasotracheal microbiota of all the storks (30 isolates of 29 different species and nine genera). In addition, enzymatic susceptibility test was carried out in selected AP isolates and bacteriocin encoding genes was studied by PCR/sequencing. In this respect, nine isolates (3.5%; seven CoNS and two CoPS) showed AA against at least one indicator bacteria and were considered antimicrobial-producing (AP) isolates. The AP isolates showed AA only for Gram-positive bacteria. Three of these AP isolates (S. hominis X3764, S. sciuri X4000, and S. chromogenes X4620) revealed AA on all extract conditions; other four AP isolates only showed activity in extracts after concentration; the remaining two AP isolates did not show AA in any of extract conditions. As for the microbiota modulation evaluation, three of the nine AP-isolates revealed intra-sample AA. It is to highlight the potent inter-sample AA of the X3764 isolate inhibiting 73% of the 29 representative Gram-positive species of the nasotracheal stork microbiota population. On the other hand, enzymatic analysis carried out in the two highest AP isolates (X3764 and X4000) verified the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound and PCR analysis revealed the presence of lantibiotic-like encoding genes in the nine AP isolates. In conclusion, these results show that nasotracheal staphylococci of healthy storks, and especially CoNS, produce antimicrobial substances that could be important in the modulations of their nasal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Azcona
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Adriana Ulloa
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Agustí Martínez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sara García-Vela
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ursula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Game and Wildlife Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council/University of Castilla–La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Torres,
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Abstract
Fracture related infection remains a challenging complication that creates a heavy burden for orthopaedic trauma patients, their families, treating physicians and healthcare systems. Even current curative approaches (radical debridement, revision surgery and long-term antibiotics) often result in significant socioeconomic costs and the risk of life-long functional impairment to the patient. The prevalence of osteomyelitis due to trauma and surgical complications does not seem to be diminishing in our society and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major health related concern with global relevance. Despite multi-drug resistant bacteria being on the rise universally, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic trauma care has only slightly changed in the last 25 years. Staphylococcus infections remain an increasing global concern, partially due to the resistance mechanisms developed by staphylococci to evade the host immune system and antibiotic treatment, and as such antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective. This paper will address fracture related infections in trauma patients, looking at the bacteriology of these infections, its clinical implications and evolving nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Graan
- John Hunter Department of Traumatology, 549461John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Zsolt J Balogh
- Department of Traumatology and Discipline of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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25
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Lu YT, Wang SH, Liou ML, Lee CY, Li YX, Lu YC, Hsin CH, Yang SF, Chen YY, Chang TH. Microbiota dysbiosis in odontogenic rhinosinusitis and its association with anaerobic bacteria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21023. [PMID: 36470924 PMCID: PMC9722704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenic rhinosinusitis is a subtype of rhinosinusitis associated with dental infection or dental procedures and has special bacteriologic features. Previous research on the bacteriologic features of odontogenic rhinosinusitis has mainly used culture-dependent methods. The variation of microbiota between odontogenic and nonodontogenic rhinosinusitis as well as the interplay between the involved bacteria have not been explored. Therefore, we enrolled eight odontogenic rhinosinusitis cases and twenty nonodontogenic rhinosinusitis cases to analyze bacterial microbiota through 16S rRNA sequencing. Significant differences were revealed by the Shannon diversity index (Wilcoxon test p = 0.0003) and PERMANOVA test based on weighted UniFrac distance (Wilcoxon test p = 0.001) between odontogenic and nonodontogenic samples. Anaerobic bacteria such as Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella were significantly dominant in the odontogenic rhinosinusitis group. Remarkably, a correlation between different bacteria was also revealed by Pearson's correlation. Staphylococcus was highly positively associated with Corynebacterium, whereas Fusobacterium was highly negatively correlated with Prophyromonas. According to our results, the microbiota in odontogenic rhinosinusitis, predominantly anaerobic bacteria, was significantly different from that in nonodontogenic rhinosinusitis, and the interplay between specific bacteria may a major cause of this subtype of rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Lu
- grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.452771.2Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan ,grid.411645.30000 0004 0638 9256Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- grid.412046.50000 0001 0305 650XDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Liou
- grid.413051.20000 0004 0444 7352Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chou Lu
- grid.452771.2Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411645.30000 0004 0638 9256Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411645.30000 0004 0638 9256Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Yuan Chen
- grid.412046.50000 0001 0305 650XDepartment of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- grid.412897.10000 0004 0639 0994Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Airway Epithelial Cell Junctions as Targets for Pathogens and Antimicrobial Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122619. [PMID: 36559113 PMCID: PMC9786141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular contacts between epithelial cells are established and maintained by the apical junctional complexes (AJCs). AJCs conserve cell polarity and build epithelial barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles in the respiratory tract. AJCs consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the airway barrier. Emerging evidence has shown that different microorganisms cause airway barrier dysfunction by targeting TJ and AJ proteins. This review discusses the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which several microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) lead to the disruption of AJCs in airway epithelial cells. We present recent progress in understanding signaling pathways involved in the formation and regulation of cell junctions. We also summarize the potential chemical inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to restore the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. Understanding the AJCs-pathogen interactions and mechanisms by which microorganisms target the AJC and impair barrier function may further help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.
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Functional and Immunological Studies Revealed a Second Superantigen Toxin in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Producing Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090595. [PMID: 36136533 PMCID: PMC9504012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human and animal pathogen as well as a commensal bacterium. It can be a causative agent of severe, life-threatening infections with high mortality, e.g., toxic shock syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. S. aureus strains secrete a number of toxins. Exotoxins/enterotoxins are considered important in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned conditions. Exotoxins, e.g., superantigen toxins, cause uncontrolled and polyclonal T cell activation and unregulated activation of inflammatory cytokines. Here we show the importance of genomic analysis of infectious strains in order to identify disease-causing exotoxins. Further, we show through functional analysis of superantigenic properties of staphylococcal exotoxins that even very small amounts of a putative superantigenic contaminant can have a significant mitogenic effect. The results show expression and production of two distinct staphylococcal exotoxins, SEC and SEL, in several strains from clinical isolates. Antibodies against both toxins are required to neutralise the superantigenic activity of staphylococcal supernatants and purified staphylococcal toxins.
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The Frequency of Occurrence of Resistance and Genes Involved in the Process of Adhesion and Accumulation of Biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Tracheostomy Tubes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061210. [PMID: 35744728 PMCID: PMC9227992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial biofilm on the surface of tracheostomy tubes (TTs) is a potential reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including S. aureus. For this reason, our study aimed to investigate biofilm production in vitro and the presence of icaAD and MSCRAMM genes in clinical S. aureus strains derived from TTs, with respect to antibiotic resistance and genetic variability. Methods: The clonality of the S. aureus strains was analyzed by the PFGE method. The assessment of drug resistance was based on the EUCAST recommendations. The isolates were evaluated for biofilm production by the microtiter plate method and the slime-forming ability was tested on Congo red agar (CRA). The presence of icaAD genes was investigated by PCR and MSCRAMM genes were detected by multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. One TT was obtained from each patient (n = 60). Twenty-one TTs (35%) were colonized with S. aureus. A total of 24 strains were isolated as 3 patients showed colonization with 2 SA clones (as confirmed by PFGE). PFGE showed twenty-two unique molecular profiles. Two isolates (8%) turned out to be MRSA, but 50% were resistant to chloramphenicol, 25% to erythromycin and 8% to clindamycin (two cMLSB and four iMLSB phenotypes were detected). The microtiter plate method with crystal violet confirmed that 96% of the strains were biofilm formers. Representative strains were visualized by SEM. All isolates had clfAB, fnbA, ebpS and icaAD. Different MSCRAMM gene combinations were observed. Conclusions: the present study showed that the S. aureus isolated from the TTs has a high diversity of genotypes, a high level of antibiotic resistance and ability to produce biofilm.
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Silva V, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Vieira-Pinto M, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from Hunters and Hunting Dogs. Pathogens 2022; 11:548. [PMID: 35631069 PMCID: PMC9143024 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have showed that a dog-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus occurs. Hunting dogs do not have as much contact with their owners as dogs that live in the same household as the owners; however, these dogs have contact with their owners during hunting activities as well as when hunting game; therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from hunters and their hunting dogs to investigate a possible S. aureus transmission. Nose and mouth samples were collected from 30 hunters and their 78 hunting dogs for staphylococcal isolation. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were accessed using the Kirby-Bauer method and respective antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa- and agr-typing was performed in all S. aureus isolates. S. aureus were detected in 10 (30%) human samples and in 11 (15.4%) dog samples of which 11 and 5 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Other staphylococci were identified, particularly, S. pseudintermedius. Most S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Evidence of a possible transmission of S. aureus between human and dogs was detected in three hunters and their dogs. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 10 STs and 9 spa-types. A moderate colonization of S. aureus in hunting dogs and their owners was detected in this study. A few dog-to-dog and dog-to-human possible transmissions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Silva V, Correia S, Rocha J, Manaia CM, Silva A, García-Díez J, Pereira JE, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050941. [PMID: 35630384 PMCID: PMC9144820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus have been progressively identified in farm animals and in humans with direct contact with these animals showing that S. aureus may be a major zoonotic pathogen. Therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from cows, their handlers, and their immediate surroundings, and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of the isolates. Mouth and nose swabs of 244 healthy cows (195 Maronesa, 11 Holstein-Friesians, and 28 crossbreeds), 82 farm workers, 53 water and 63 soil samples were collected. Identification of species was carried out by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was assessed based on gene search by PCR. All isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing and spa-typing. From 442 samples, 33 (13.9%), 24 (29.3%), 1 (2%), and 1 (2%) S. aureus were recovered from cows, farm workers, water, and soil samples, respectively. Most of the isolates showed resistance only to penicillin. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 17 sequence types (STs) and 26 spa-types. Some clonal lineages were common to both cows and farm workers such as ST30-t9413, ST72-t148, and ST45-t350. Through a One Health approach, this study revealed that there is a great diversity of clonal lineages of S. aureus in cows and their handlers. Furthermore, some S. aureus lineages are common to cows and handlers, which may suggest a possible transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Correia
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Jaqueline Rocha
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan García-Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.G.-D.); (J.E.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.G.-D.); (J.E.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.S.-L.); (P.P.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.G.-D.); (J.E.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.S.-L.); (P.P.)
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Effect of Surface Tooling Techniques of Medical Titanium Implants on Bacterial Biofilm Formation In Vitro. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093228. [PMID: 35591562 PMCID: PMC9103970 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli on titanium implants with CAD-CAM tooling techniques. Twenty specimens of titanium were studied: Titanium grade 2 tooled with a Planmeca CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 2), Ti6Al4V grade 5 as it comes from CAD-DMLS device (computer aided design-direct metal laser sintering device) (TiGrade 5), Ti6Al4V grade 23 as it comes from a CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 23), and CAD-DMLS TiGrade 5 polished with an abrasive disc (TiGrade 5 polished). Bacterial adhesion on the implants was completed with and without saliva treatment to mimic both extraoral and intraoral surgical methods of implant placement. Five specimens/implant types were used in the bacterial adhesion experiments. Autoclaved implant specimens were placed in petri plates and immersed in saliva solution for 30 min at room temperature and then washed 3×with 1 ×PBS. Bacterial suspensions of each strain were made and added to the specimens after saliva treatment. Biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h at 37 °C and the adhered bacteria was calculated. Tooling techniques had an insignificant effect on the bacterial adhesion by all the bacterial strains studied. However, there was a significant difference in biofilm formation between the saliva-treated and non-saliva-treated implants. Saliva contamination enhanced S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis adhesion in all material types studied. S. aureus was found to be the most adherent strain in the saliva-treated group, whereas E. coli was the most adherent strain in the non-saliva-treated group. In conclusion, CAD-CAM tooling techniques have little effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating enhances the biofilm formation; therefore, saliva contamination of the implant must be minimized during implant placement. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the effects of surface treatments of the titanium implant on soft tissue response and to prevent the factors causing implant infection and failure.
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Zeferino AS, Mira AR, Delgadinho M, Brito M, Ponte T, Ribeiro E. Drug Resistance and Epigenetic Modulatory Potential of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Against Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:149. [PMID: 35397072 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of human pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is described by the World Health Organization as a health global challenge and efforts must be made for the discovery of new effective and safe compounds. This work aims to evaluate epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) epigenetic and modulatory drug potential against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. S. aureus strains were isolated from commensal flora of healthy volunteers. Antibiotic susceptibility and synergistic assay were assessed through disk diffusion accordingly to EUCAST guidelines with and without co-exposure to EGCG at final concentrations of 250 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 25 µg/ml. Transcriptional expression of orfx, spdC, and WalKR was performed through qRT-PCR. A 90-day interventional study was performed with daily consumption of 225 mg of EGCG. Obtained data revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus colonization in healthcare workers and clearly demonstrated the antimicrobial and synergistic potential of EGCG as well as divergent resistant phenotypes associated with altered transcriptional expression of epigenetic and drug response modulators genes. Here, we demonstrate the potential of EGCG for antimicrobial treatment and/or therapeutic adjuvant against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and report divergent patterns of epigenetic modulators expression associated with phenotypic resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Zeferino
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central; Hospital Curry Cabral, Rua Beneficência, 8, 1050-099, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Mira
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.,Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, E.P.E., Évora, Portugal
| | - Mariana Delgadinho
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Brito
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tomás Ponte
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde - Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Edna Ribeiro
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Li Y, Jiao M, Liu Y, Ren Z, Li A. Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:802719. [PMID: 35433724 PMCID: PMC9010669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.802719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has been going on for thousands of years, while it still poses a threat to human health. In addition to routine detections, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has begun to show presence as a comprehensive and hypothesis-free test. It can not only detect MTB without isolating specific pathogens but also suggest the co-infection pathogens or underlying tumor simultaneously, which is of benefit to assist in comprehensive clinical diagnosis. It also shows the potential to detect multiple drug resistance sites for precise treatment. However, considering the cost performance compared with conventional assays (especially Xpert MTB/RIF), mNGS seems to be overqualified for patients with mild and typical symptoms. Technology optimization of sequencing and analyzing should be conducted to improve the positive rate and broaden the applicable fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengfan Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Ren,
| | - Ang Li
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ang Li,
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Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Mobile Phones. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030669. [PMID: 35336244 PMCID: PMC8950573 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of mobile phones (MP) among healthcare personnel might be considered as an important source of contamination. One of the most pathogenic bacteria to humans is Staphylococcus aureus, which can be transmitted through the constant use of MP. Nevertheless, which specific type of strains are transmitted and which are their sources have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study is to determine the source of contamination of MP and characterize the corresponding genotypic and phenotypic properties of the strains found. Nose, pharynx, and MP samples were taken from a group of health science students. We were able to determinate the clonality of the isolated strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa gene typing (spa-type). Adhesin and toxin genes were detected, and the capacity of biofilm formation was determined. Several of the MP exhibited strains of S. aureus present in the nose and/or pharynx of their owners. methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA), and community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) strains were found, which indicated a variety of genotypes. This study concludes that MP can be contaminated with the strains of S. aureus present in the nose and/or pharynx of the owners; these strains can be of different types and there is no dominant genotype.
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Mandal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Tyagi K, Roy A. Human microbial dysbiosis as driver of gynecological malignancies. Biochimie 2022; 197:86-95. [PMID: 35176353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers that affect female reproductive tract, remain at the top of the global cancer burden list with high relapse rate and mortality. Notwithstanding development of several novel therapeutic interventions including poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, this family of malignancies remain deadly. The human microbiome project demonstrated that dysbiosis of health resident microflora is associated with several pathologies including malignancies of the female reproductive tract and detailed characterization of species variation and host-microbe interaction could provide clues for identification of early diagnostic biomarker, preventive and therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence suggests that several microbial signatures are significantly associated with gynecological cancers. An increased population of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes followed by significantly reduced Lactobacilli are associated with lethal epithelial ovarian cancer. Similarly, a constant association of elevated level of Atopobium vaginae, Porphyromonas somerae, Micrococci and Gardnerella vaginalis are observed in endometrial and cervical cancers. Moreover, human papilloma virus infection significantly augments colonization of pathogenic microbes including Sneathia sanguinegens, Anaerococcus tetradius, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and drives carcinoma of the cervix. Interestingly, microbial dysbiosis in female reproductive tract modulates expression of several microbial and immune-responsive genes such as TLR-4, TLR-5, TLR-6 and NOD-1. Therefore, stringent investigation into the microbial dysbiosis and its underlying mechanism could provide valuable cues for identification of early diagnostic biomarker, preventive and therapeutic interventions against rogue gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India.
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Role of Implantable Drug Delivery Devices with Dual Platform Capabilities in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Osteomyelitis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020065. [PMID: 35200418 PMCID: PMC8869141 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As medicine advances and physicians are able to provide patients with innovative solutions, including placement of temporary or permanent medical devices that drastically improve quality of life of the patient, there is the persistent, recurring problem of chronic bacterial infection, including osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis can manifest as a result of traumatic or contaminated wounds or implant-associated infections. This bacterial infection can persist as a result of inadequate treatment regimens or the presence of biofilm on implanted medical devices. One strategy to mitigate these concerns is the use of implantable medical devices that simultaneously act as local drug delivery devices (DDDs). This classification of device has the potential to prevent or aid in clearing chronic bacterial infection by delivering effective doses of antibiotics to the area of interest and can be engineered to simultaneously aid in tissue regeneration. This review will provide a background on bacterial infection and current therapies as well as current and prospective implantable DDDs, with a particular emphasis on local DDDs to combat bacterial osteomyelitis.
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Ben Chehida F, Gharsa H, Tombari W, Selmi R, Khaldi S, Daaloul M, Ben Slama K, Messadi L. First Report of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Gene Characterization Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Healthy Camels from Tunisia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092754. [PMID: 34573722 PMCID: PMC8468875 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) is an important livestock species and is present in more than 46 national entities, with 80% of the camel population inhabiting Africa. In these regions, the role of camels in the livestock economy is highly valuable and a part of this camel herd is valorized on national or international markets for meat production, live animal export or milk production. Even if camels are the species that is most adapted to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands, they can be susceptible to a high number of pathogens, including S. aureus. This latter is often associated with asymptomatic carriage but can also be responsible for several diseases, therefore causing considerable economical losses. Continued monitoring and control assume particular importance in containing the spread of the bacterium since it constitutes an important zoonotic disease. Abstract A total of 318 nasal and rectal swabs were collected from 159 apparently healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius) randomly selected from five regions in southern and central Tunisia and screened for Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Staphylococcus spp. were recovered from 152 of 159 camels studied (95.6%) and in total 258 swabs (81%) were positive. Among these isolates, 16 were coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) (6.2%) and were characterized by biochemical and molecular tests as S. aureus. These were isolated from 14 camels (8.8%) with co-carriage in nasal and rectal mucosa by two camels. All S. aureus isolates recovered were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and were characterized by spa typing and PFGE. Three different spa types were recovered: t729, t4013 and a spa type newly registered as t19687, which was the most common. PFGE analysis revealed seven different patterns and these were characterized by MLST, which revealed five different sequence types (ST6, ST88, ST3583 and two new sequences, ST6504 and ST6506). All isolates harbored different virulence genes, including hld, encoding delta hemolysin; lukE–lukD, encoding bicomponent leukotoxin LukE–LukD; the clfB gene, encoding clumping factor B; the laminin gene, encoding laminin-binding protein; and cap8, encoding capsule type 8. Fifteen isolates harbored hemolysin beta (hlb) and fourteen encoded hemolysin alpha (hla) and hemolysin G2 (hlgv). Adhesin factors, including clfA and fnbB, were detected in five and four isolates respectively. Binding proteins, including collagen (cbp) and elastin-binding protein (ebp), were detected in two S. aureus isolates while fibrinogen-binding protein (fib) was identified in four isolates. This study provides the first set of genotyping data on the population structure and presence of toxin genes of S. aureus strains in Tunisian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Ben Chehida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-71-552-200
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.G.); (K.B.S.)
| | - Wafa Tombari
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
- Veterinary Service, General Directorate of Military Health, Ministry of National Defense, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Sana Khaldi
- Department of Sciences and Pathology of Animal Reproduction, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Monia Daaloul
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.G.); (K.B.S.)
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
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Abstract
The type VII protein secretion system (T7SS) of Staphylococcus aureus is encoded at the ess locus. T7 substrate recognition and protein transport are mediated by EssC, a membrane-bound multidomain ATPase. Four EssC sequence variants have been identified across S. aureus strains, each accompanied by a specific suite of substrate proteins. The ess genes are upregulated during persistent infection, and the secretion system contributes to virulence in disease models. It also plays a key role in intraspecies competition, secreting nuclease and membrane-depolarizing toxins that inhibit the growth of strains lacking neutralizing immunity proteins. A genomic survey indicates that the T7SS is widely conserved across staphylococci and is encoded in clusters that contain diverse arrays of toxin and immunity genes. The presence of genomic islands encoding multiple immunity proteins in species such as Staphylococcus warneri that lack the T7SS points to a major role for the secretion system in bacterial antagonism. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bowman
- Microbes in Health and Disease Theme, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Microbes in Health and Disease Theme, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; ,
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Adade EE, Al Lakhen K, Lemus AA, Valm AM. Recent progress in analyzing the spatial structure of the human microbiome: distinguishing biogeography and architecture in the oral and gut communities. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2021; 18:275-283. [PMID: 35936977 PMCID: PMC9351436 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fueled by technological advances in methods for sample collection and preservation in sequencing studies, and in advances in computational analyses of high content image data, the spatial structure of the human microbiome is coming to light. In this mini-review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the structure of two human microbiomes: the lower gut and the oral cavity. We focus on only the most recent literature and we make an important distinction between two forms of spatial structure, governed by scale: biogeography and architecture. By segmenting the study of microbiome spatial structure into two categories, we demonstrate the potential to greatly advance our understanding of the mechanistic principles that link structure and function in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E. Adade
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - Khalid Al Lakhen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - Alex A. Lemus
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - Alex M. Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA,Corresponding author.
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Staphylococcus aureus Responds to Physiologically Relevant Temperature Changes by Altering Its Global Transcript and Protein Profile. mSphere 2021; 6:6/2/e01303-20. [PMID: 33731473 PMCID: PMC8546721 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01303-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the anterior nares of 30 to 50% of the population. Colonization is most often asymptomatic; however, self-inoculation can give rise to potentially fatal infections of the deeper tissues and blood. Like all bacteria, S. aureus can sense and respond to environmental cues and modify gene expression to adapt to specific environmental conditions. The transition of S. aureus from the nares to the deeper tissues and blood is accompanied by changes in environmental conditions, such as nutrient availability, pH, and temperature. In this study, we perform transcriptomics and proteomics on S. aureus cultures growing at three physiologically relevant temperatures, 34°C (nares), 37°C (body), and 40°C (pyrexia), to determine if small scale, biologically meaningful alterations in temperature impact S. aureus gene expression. Results show that small but definite temperature changes elicit a large-scale restructuring of the S. aureus transcriptome and proteome in a manner that, most often, inversely correlates with increasing temperature. We also provide evidence that a large majority of these changes are modulated at the posttranscriptional level, possibly by sRNA regulatory elements. Phenotypic analyses were also performed to demonstrate that these changes have physiological relevance. Finally, we investigate the impact of temperature-dependent alterations in gene expression on S. aureus pathogenesis and demonstrate decreased intracellular invasion of S. aureus grown at 34°C. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small but biologically meaningful alterations in temperature influence S. aureus gene expression, a process that is likely a major contributor to the transition from a commensal to pathogen. IMPORTANCE Enteric bacterial pathogens, like Escherichia coli, are known to experience large temperature differences as they are transmitted through the fecal oral route. This change in temperature has been demonstrated to influence bacterial gene expression and facilitate infection. Staphylococcus aureus is a human-associated pathogen that can live as a commensal on the skin and nares or cause invasive infections of the deeper tissues and blood. Factors influencing S. aureus nasal colonization are not fully understood; however, individuals colonized with S. aureus are at increased risk of invasive infections through self-inoculation. The transition of S. aureus from the nose (colonization) to the body (infection) is accompanied by a modest but definite temperature increase, from 34°C to 37°C. In this study, we investigate whether these host-associated small temperature changes can influence S. aureus gene expression. Results show widespread changes in the bacterial transcriptome and proteome at three physiologically relevant temperatures (34°C, 37°C, and 40°C).
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Kunz TC, Rühling M, Moldovan A, Paprotka K, Kozjak-Pavlovic V, Rudel T, Fraunholz M. The Expandables: Cracking the Staphylococcal Cell Wall for Expansion Microscopy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:644750. [PMID: 33796486 PMCID: PMC8008081 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.644750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion Microscopy (ExM) is a novel tool improving the resolution of fluorescence microscopy by linking the sample into a hydrogel that gets physically expanded in water. Previously, we have used ExM to visualize the intracellular Gram-negative pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis, Simkania negevensis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gram-positive bacteria have a rigid and thick cell wall that impedes classic expansion strategies. Here we developed an approach, which included a series of enzymatic treatments resulting in isotropic 4× expansion of the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We further demonstrate the suitability of the technique for imaging of planktonic bacteria as well as endocytosed, intracellular bacteria at a spatial resolution of approximately 60 nm with conventional confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias C Kunz
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Rühling
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Moldovan
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Paprotka
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Kronbichler A, Harrison EM, Wagner J. Nasal microbiome research in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Strengths, limitations, and future directions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:415-423. [PMID: 33489010 PMCID: PMC7804347 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human nasal microbiome is characterized by biodiversity and undergoes changes during the span of life. In granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), the persistent nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) assessed by culture-based detection methods has been associated with increased relapse frequency. Different research groups have characterized the nasal microbiome in patients with GPA and found that patients have a distinct nasal microbiome compared to controls, but the reported results between studies differed. In order to increase comparability, there is a need to standardize patient selection, sample preparation, and analytical methodology; particularly as low biomass samples like those obtained by nasal swabbing are impacted by reagent contamination. Optimization in obtaining a sample and processing with the inclusion of critical controls is needed for consistent comparative studies. Ongoing studies will analyze the nasal microbiome in GPA in a longitudinal way and the results will inform whether or not targeted antimicrobial management in a clinical trial should be pursued or not. This review focuses on the proposed role of S. aureus in GPA, the (healthy) nasal microbiome, findings in the first pilot studies in GPA, and will discuss future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ewan M. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CD10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Wagner
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Accorsi EK, Franzosa EA, Hsu T, Joice Cordy R, Maayan-Metzger A, Jaber H, Reiss-Mandel A, Kline M, DuLong C, Lipsitch M, Regev-Yochay G, Huttenhower C. Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the developing infant nasal microbiome. Genome Biol 2020; 21:301. [PMID: 33308267 PMCID: PMC7731505 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of healthcare- and community-associated infections and can be difficult to treat due to antimicrobial resistance. About 30% of individuals carry S. aureus asymptomatically in their nares, a risk factor for later infection, and interactions with other species in the nasal microbiome likely modulate its carriage. It is thus important to identify ecological or functional genetic elements within the maternal or infant nasal microbiomes that influence S. aureus acquisition and retention in early life. RESULTS We recruited 36 mother-infant pairs and profiled a subset of monthly longitudinal nasal samples from the first year after birth using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The infant nasal microbiome is highly variable, particularly within the first 2 months. It is weakly influenced by maternal nasal microbiome composition, but primarily shaped by developmental and external factors, such as daycare. Infants display distinctive patterns of S. aureus carriage, positively associated with Acinetobacter species, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Veillonella species and inversely associated with maternal Dolosigranulum pigrum. Furthermore, we identify a gene family, likely acting as a taxonomic marker for an unclassified species, that is significantly anti-correlated with S. aureus in infants and mothers. In gene content-based strain profiling, infant S. aureus strains are more similar to maternal strains. CONCLUSIONS This improved understanding of S. aureus colonization is an important first step toward the development of novel, ecological therapies for controlling S. aureus carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Accorsi
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eric A. Franzosa
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Tiffany Hsu
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Regina Joice Cordy
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd., Winston-Salem, NC 27109 USA
| | - Ayala Maayan-Metzger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hanaa Jaber
- Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Madeleine Kline
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Casey DuLong
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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Wall Teichoic Acid in Staphylococcus aureus Host Interaction. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:985-998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Crémet L, Gaborit B, Bouras M, Drumel T, Guillotin F, Poulain C, Persyn E, Lakhal K, Rozec B, Vibet MA, Roquilly A, Gibaud S. Evaluation of the FilmArray ® Pneumonia Plus Panel for Rapid Diagnosis of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2080. [PMID: 32983057 PMCID: PMC7477898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The FilmArray® Pneumonia plus Panel (FAPP) is a new multiplex molecular test for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which can rapidly detect 18 bacteria, 9 viruses, and 7 resistance genes. We aimed to compare the diagnosis performance of FAPP with conventional testing in 100 intensive care unit (ICU) patients who required mechanical ventilation, with clinically suspected HAP. A total of 237 samples [76 bronchoalveolar lavages (BALDS) and 82 endotracheal aspirates (ETADS) obtained at HAP diagnosis, and 79 ETA obtained during follow-up (ETATT)], were analyzed independently by routine microbiology testing and FAPP. 58 patients had paired BALDS and ETADS. The positivity thresholds of semi-quantified bacteria were 103–104 CFUs/mL or 104 copies/mL for BAL, and 105 CFUs/mL or copies/mL for ETA. Respiratory commensals (H. influenzae, S. aureus, E. coli, S. pneumoniae) were the most common pathogens. Discordant results for bacterial identification were observed in 33/76 (43.4%) BALDS and 36/82 (43.9%) ETADS, and in most cases, FAPP identified one supplemental bacteria (23/33 BALDS and 21/36 ETADS). An absence of growth, or polybacterial cultures, explained almost equally the majority of the non-detections in culture. No linear relationship was observed between bin and CFUs/mL variables. Concordant results between paired BALDS and ETADS were obtained in 46/58 (79.3%) patients with FAPP. One of the 17 resistance genes detected with FAPP (mecA/C and MREJ) was not confirmed by conventional testing. Overall, FAPP enhanced the positivity rate of diagnostic testing, with increased recognition of coinfections. Implementing this strategy may allow clinicians to make more timely and informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Crémet
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Gaborit
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales et CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marwan Bouras
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Drumel
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florian Guillotin
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Poulain
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Persyn
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Lakhal
- Service de Réanimation en Chirurgie Polyvalente, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Nord Laennec, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Rozec
- Service de Réanimation en Chirurgie Cardio-Thoracique et Vasculaire, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Nord Laennec, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Anne Vibet
- Plateforme de Méthodologie et Biostatistique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Gibaud
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Khasawneh AI, Himsawi N, Abu-Raideh J, Salameh MA, Al-Tamimi M, Al Haj Mahmoud S, Saleh T. Status of Biofilm-Forming Genes among Jordanian Nasal Carriers of Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:386-98. [PMID: 32660224 PMCID: PMC7601545 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.6.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biofilm formation in Staphylococcusaureus is a major virulence factor. Both MSSA and MRSA are common causes of community- and hospital-acquired infections and are associated with biofilm formation. The status of biofilm-forming genes has not been explored in Jordanian nasal carriers of S. aureus. This study investigates antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of biofilm-forming genes between MSSA and MRSA in two distinct populations in Jordan. Methods: A total of 35 MSSA and 22 MRSA isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients and medical students at Prince Hamzah Hospital, Jordan. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disk diffusion method and Vitek 2 system. The phenotypic biofilm formation was tested using CRA and microtiter plate assays. The prevalence of the biofilm-forming genes was determined using multiplex PCR. Results: Among 57 S.aureus isolates, 22 (38.6%) isolates were MRSA and were highly resistant against benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, and imipenem. The frequencies of the icaADBC were 77.1%, 97.1%, 94.3%, and 97.1% respectively in MSSA compared to 86.4%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in MRSA isolates. On the other hand, the frequency of the fnbA, fnbB, clfA, fib, clfB, ebps, eno, and cna genes was 81.8%, 90.9%, 95.5%, 90.9%, 86.4%, 100%, 100%, and 40.9%, respectively in the MRSA isolates. Conclusion: In both groups, MRSA isolates, in comparison to MSSA, were significantly more resistant to cefoxitin, oxacillin, imipenem, tetracycline, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Unexpectedly, biofilm formation and gene prevalence between MRSA and MSSA isolates showed no significant difference, suggesting other potential virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Himsawi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Jumana Abu-Raideh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Muna A Salameh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al-Tamimi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al Haj Mahmoud
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Abstract
Osteomyelitis, or inflammation of bone, is most commonly caused by invasion of bacterial pathogens into the skeleton. Bacterial osteomyelitis is notoriously difficult to treat, in part because of the widespread antimicrobial resistance in the preeminent etiologic agent, the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial osteomyelitis triggers pathological bone remodeling, which in turn leads to sequestration of infectious foci from innate immune effectors and systemically delivered antimicrobials. Treatment of osteomyelitis therefore typically consists of long courses of antibiotics in conjunction with surgical debridement of necrotic infected tissues. Even with these extreme measures, many patients go on to develop chronic infection or sustain disease comorbidities. A better mechanistic understanding of how bacteria invade, survive within, and trigger pathological remodeling of bone could therefore lead to new therapies aimed at prevention or treatment of osteomyelitis as well as amelioration of disease morbidity. In this minireview, we highlight recent developments in our understanding of how pathogens invade and survive within bone, how bacterial infection or resulting innate immune responses trigger changes in bone remodeling, and how model systems can be leveraged to identify new therapeutic targets. We review the current state of osteomyelitis epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutic guidelines to help direct future research in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Comparative Analysis of Age- and Gender-Associated Microbiome in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061447. [PMID: 32498338 PMCID: PMC7352186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-tumor microbiota has been increasingly implicated in cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to examine the microbiome in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and determine its compositional differences with relation to age and gender. After grouping 497 LUAD and 433 LUSC patients by age and gender and removing potential contaminants, we identified differentially abundant microbes in each patient cohort vs. adjacent normal samples. We then correlated dysregulated microbes with patient survival rates, immune infiltration, immune and cancer pathways, and genomic alterations. We found that most age and gender cohorts in both LUAD and LUSC contained unique, significantly dysregulated microbes. For example, LUAD-associated Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110 was dysregulated in older female and male patients and correlated with both patient survival and genomic alterations. For LUSC, the most prominent bacterial species that we identified was Pseudomonas putida str. KT2440, which was uniquely associated with young LUSC male patients and immune infiltration. In conclusion, we found differentially abundant microbes implicated with age and gender that are also associated with genomic alterations and immune dysregulations. Further investigation should be conducted to determine the relationship between gender and age-associated microbes and the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Sun C, Wang Q, Li WT, Wen DN, Chen CH, Yang X, Shi W, Meng QH, Yao KH, Qian SY. Molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among children with respiratory tract infections in southwest China. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:284-292. [PMID: 31620982 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in general pediatric wards and county-level hospitals were rarely reported in China. METHODS Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from children hospitalized with respiratory tract infection (RTI) in Zhongjiang and Youyang counties in 2015. All isolates were typed by multilocus sequence, staphylococcal protein A, accessory gene regulator (agr), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec [SCCmec, for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) only]. Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen 21 super-antigen (SAg) genes and panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by E test. RESULTS A total of 2136 children were enrolled. Overall, 125 (5.9%) children carried S. aureus, among which MRSA accounted for 42.4%. ST59-SCCmec type IV-t437-agr group I (58.5%) was the most prevalent genotype in MRSA, and ST188-t189-agr group I (22.2%) was the top genotype in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The pvl carriage rate in MRSA and MSSA was 15.1% and 9.7%, respectively (P = 0.4112). About 96.8% of S. aureus isolates were positive for at least one SAg gene. The most common SAg gene profile in the dominant ST59 clone was seb-sek-seq (42.8%). All S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration 90 was > 32 and 256 mg/L to penicillin and erythromycin, respectively), but usually susceptible to other tested non-β-lactam antimicrobials. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were detected with a high frequency in children with RTI in county-level hospitals of China. ST59-SCCmec type IV-t437-agr group I was the dominant MRSA clone. The S. aureus isolates exhibited high resistance to penicillin and erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, NanLiShi Road 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Respiratory Department, Qilu Children's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - De-Nian Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Zhongjiang County, No. 96 Da-bei Street, Deyang, 618100, China
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- Youyang Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Hospital of Chongqing Youyang County, Chongqing, 409899, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, NanLiShi Road 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qing-Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kai-Hu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Su-Yun Qian
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, NanLiShi Road 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Melnikov VG, Villena J, Kombarova SY. [The problem of decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers from the microbiologist's point of view (review of literature).]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 64:693-699. [PMID: 31747501 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-11-693-699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically persists on the nasal mucosa, and also causes serious diseases in carriers (endogenous infection) and in patients in a hospital (nosocomial infection). Decolonization of nasal carriers of S. aureus is an important measure aimed at reducing the incidence of staphylococcal infections. Carriage is a form of nasal dysbiosis, therefore, the effectiveness of antibiotics for the decolonization of carriers, by definition, is low. The review discusses the prospects of using probiotics to restore the nasal microbiota. The commercial production of nasal probiotics has not yet been established, but developments in this direction are being carried out in different countries. The experimental substantiation of the possibility of using corynebacteria and other representatives of the nasal microbiota for the decolonization of staphylococcal carriers is presented, as well as the authors' ideas on how to improve the methods of microbial therapy. In particular, it was proposed to use biofilm probiotics, autoprobiotics, and autovaccines for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Melnikov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, 125212, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - J Villena
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), 980-0845, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - S Y Kombarova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, 125212, Moscow, Russian Federation
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