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Gund MP, Naim J, Rupf S, Gärtner B, Hannig M. Bacterial contamination potential of personal protective equipment itself in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Odontology 2024; 112:309-316. [PMID: 37702832 PMCID: PMC10925564 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Personal protective equipment (PPE) has long been a high priority in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Since COVID-19 pandemic, its importance has increased yet again. While importance of PPE in preventing transmission and thus possible infection of pathogens is well known, contamination potential of PPE after treatment itself is less investigated. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature and contamination potential (viral, blood, bacterial) of components of protective equipment itself. The literature search was performed using the Medline database; furthermore, a hand search was conducted. Last search took place on 23 November 2022. Two categories of hygiene-related keywords were formed (category A: mask, face shield, goggles, eyewear, personal protective equipment; category B: contamination, aerosol). Each keyword from one category was combined with all keywords from the other one. In addition, the keyword "dental" was always added. First, a title and abstract screening was performed. Afterward, a full-text analysis was followed for the included studies. A total of 648 search hits were found in the Medline database. 47 were included after title and abstract screening. 22 studies were excluded after full-text analysis, 25 studies were included. The hand search resulted in 4 studies that were included. Bacterial contamination of PPE after treatment has been adequately studied, contamination with blood less. Microorganisms mainly originate from the oral and cutaneous flora; however, a transmission of potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli was also described. Studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. No measures have yet been described that fully protect the protective equipment from contamination. There is growing awareness that PPE itself can be a source of pathogen transmission, and thus possible infection. Therefore, not only wearing of protective clothing, but also conscious handling of it is crucial for transmission and possible infection prevention. However, studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. Several studies have investigated what measures can be taken to protect the protective equipment itself. So far, none of the methods evaluated can prevent contamination of PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madline Priska Gund
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Jusef Naim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Chair of Synoptic Dentistry, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Gärtner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Hospital Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Buckenmayer A, Siebler N, Haas CS. Pre-existing chronic kidney disease, aetiology of acute kidney injury and infection do not affect renal outcome and mortality. J Nephrol 2024; 37:391-400. [PMID: 37787894 PMCID: PMC11043156 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the role of aetiology, pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and infections in acute kidney injury (AKI) on renal outcome and mortality. METHODS This retrospective study analysed patients with AKI admitted to a university nephrology department from January 1st, 2020 through December 31st, 2020. Aetiology of AKI, underlying renal disease in case of pre-existing CKD and presence of infections were assessed. Development of renal function and risk of death were studied with follow-up until January 31st, 2023. RESULTS Of 1402 patients screened, 432 patients (30.8%, 67.9 ± 15.4 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria, half of the population presented with advanced CKD. Even though CKD patients were more often in need of chronic dialysis at time of discharge (6.9% vs 4.5%, p < .001), duration of hospital stay was shorter and in-hospital mortality tended to be lower when compared to AKI without prior renal disease. Neither aetiology of AKI nor pre-existing CKD had an impact on the combined endpoint of end-stage kidney disease and mortality (log rank 0.433 and 0.909). Overall, septic patients showed the highest in-hospital mortality (23.5%) and longest hospital stay (30.0 ± 22.8 days, p < .001), while patients with urosepsis had the shortest hospitalisation time (9.7 days) with lowest risk for dialysis (4.4%). Of note, outcome did not differ in patients with AKI when considering the infectious status. CONCLUSIONS Overall renal outcome and mortality in AKI patients were not affected by the cause of AKI, pre-existent CKD or infectious status. Only severity of AKI had a negative impact on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Buckenmayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Phillips University, Baldinger Straße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nadja Siebler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Phillips University, Baldinger Straße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian S Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Phillips University, Baldinger Straße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Maslaris A, Vail TP, Zhang AL, Patel R, Bini SA. Impact of fatty degeneration on the functional outcomes of 38 patients undergoing surgical repair of gluteal tendon tears. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:2173-2183. [PMID: 33651145 PMCID: PMC9381454 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gluteal tendon tears (GTT) can cause pain and weakness of the hip. We analyze the impact of gluteal muscle fatty degeneration, atrophy and tear morphology on clinical outcomes of surgical repair. METHODS All sequential patients receiving surgical repair of GTTs via anchor sutures between 1/2015 and 11/2018 were retrospectively identified. MRIs were reviewed by a radiologist for tendon retraction, muscle atrophy and tear size. The Goutallier-Fuchs Classification (GFC) was used to quantify fatty degeneration as < 2° or ≥ 2°. Demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from the electronic records. The surveys HHS Section 1 and HOOS Jr. were obtained at last follow-up. The Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA tests served for statistical analysis of clinical variance. RESULTS 38 patients were identified, 29 (76.3%) were female. The average age was 67. Of the 11 (28.9%) patients with a prior hip arthroplasty 87.5% of primary THAs had a direct lateral approach. 29 (76.3%) patients were treated open and 9 (23.7%) arthroscopically. At an average follow-up of 20.9 months, patients reported a significant improvement in pain (97%), analgesic use (85.7%), limp (52.6%) and abduction strength (54.2%) (all: P ≤ 0.01). GFC ≥ 2° were associated with significantly worse outcomes in terms of limp (0.19/3 vs. 1.2/3, P = 0.05), HHS-S1 (58.19 vs. 71.68, P = 0.04) and complication rates (37.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). There was a strong correlation between tear retraction (P = 0.005), tear size (P = 0.009) and muscle atrophy (P = 0.001) with GFC ≥ 2° but not with clinical outcomes. GFC ≥ 2° was strongly related to lateral THA exposures (P < 0.001). Surgical approach had no impact on clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION While fatty degeneration can negatively impact functional outcomes, pain relief is reliably achieved. Tear morphology and muscle atrophy did not correlate with outcomes in this patient cohort. Patients should be counseled to expect a residual limp after surgery if they have GFC ≥ 2° on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maslaris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, MU320-W, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Campus Eisenberg, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Campus Rüttenscheid, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Vail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, MU320-W, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Alan L. Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, MU320-W, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Rina Patel
- Department of Radiology of Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, MU320-W, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Stefano A. Bini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, MU320-W, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Fokt H, Unni R, Repnik U, Schmitz RA, Bramkamp M, Baines JF, Unterweger D. Bacteroides muris sp. nov. isolated from the cecum of wild-derived house mice. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:546. [PMID: 35939214 PMCID: PMC9360105 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two bacterial strains, KH365_2T and KH569_7, were isolated from the cecum contents of wild-derived house mice. The strains were characterized as Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly anaerobic, and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both strains were most closely related to Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492T. Whole genome sequences of KH365_2T and KH569_7 strains have a DNA G + C content of 46.02% and 46.03% mol, respectively. Most morphological and biochemical characteristics did not differ between the newly isolated strains and classified Bacteroides strains. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and dDNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values clearly distinguished the two strains from described members of the genus Bacteroides. Here, we present the phylogeny, morphology, and physiology of a novel species of the genus Bacteroides and propose the name Bacteroides muris sp. nov., with KH365_2T (DSM 114231T = CCUG 76277T) as type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fokt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Rahul Unni
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy Facility, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Central Microscopy Facility, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for General Microbiology, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Daniel Unterweger
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Bartek B, Winkler T, Garbe A, Schelberger T, Perka C, Jung T. Bacterial contamination of irrigation fluid and suture material during ACL reconstruction and meniscus surgery : Low infection rate despite increasing contamination over surgery time. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:246-252. [PMID: 33566145 PMCID: PMC8800874 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During knee arthroscopy, irrigation fluid from the surgical site accumulates in the sterile reservoir. Whether these fluid collections and also suture material used during the arthroscopic surgical processes show bacterial contamination over time during surgery remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine this contamination rate and to analyze its possible influence on postoperative infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 155 patients were included. Fifty-eight underwent reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), 63 meniscal surgery and 34 patients combined ACL reconstruction and meniscus repair. We collected pooled samples of irrigation fluid from the reservoir on the sterile drape every 15 min during the surgery. In addition, we evaluated suture material of ACL graft and meniscus repair for bacterial contamination. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis, incubation time was 14 days. All patients were seen in the outpatient department 6, 12 weeks and 12 months postoperatively and examined for clinical signs of infection. RESULTS A strong statistical correlation (R2 = 0.81, p = 0.015) was found between an advanced duration of surgery and the number of positive microbiological findings in the accumulated fluid. Suture and fixation material showed a contamination rate of 28.4% (29 cases). Despite the high contamination rate, only one infection was found in the follow-up examinations, caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. CONCLUSION Since bacterial contamination of accumulated fluid increases over time the contact with the fluid reservoirs should be avoided. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bartek
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Garbe
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tarek Schelberger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Stege H, Haist M, Nikfarjam U, Schultheis M, Heinz J, Pemler S, Loquai C, Grabbe S. The Status of Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Melanoma Therapy, New Developments and Upcoming Challenges. Target Oncol 2021; 16:537-552. [PMID: 34554353 PMCID: PMC8484171 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-021-00840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of malignant melanoma, the leading cause of skin cancer death, has steadily increased in recent years. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for early-stage melanoma. However, 40-60% of patients with high-risk melanoma or with nodal involvement eventually experience loco-regional relapse or tumor progression. Adjuvant therapy aims to reduce the rate of recurrence in radically operated high-risk patients with melanoma and thus improves survival. Interferon-α has long been the only approved drug for adjuvant melanoma therapy, despite an unclear survival benefit. The landmark success of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK-directed targeted therapies in the treatment of patients with stage IV melanoma led to the initiation of clinical trials in the adjuvant setting. These trials demonstrated the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for the adjuvant treatment of high-risk patients with melanoma, as shown both by an increase in recurrence-free survival and the emergence of long-term survivors, finally resulting in the approval of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibitor ipilimumab, PD1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), and BRAF/MEK inhibitors for adjuvant melanoma therapy. This review aims to delineate the advances in adjuvant melanoma therapy, issuing particularly recent results from clinical trials. Moreover, we also discuss pending issues and future challenges, which comprise the adequate selection of adjuvant regimens for patient subgroups and the identification of markers likely to predict the individual response to adjuvant treatments. Last, we outline the role of emerging neoadjuvant approaches, which may complement adjuvant strategies and are currently investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henner Stege
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Haist
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nikfarjam
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Schultheis
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Heinz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Saskia Pemler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Ritter M, Ott DVM, Paul F, Haynes JD, Ritter K. COVID-19: a simple statistical model for predicting intensive care unit load in exponential phases of the disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5018. [PMID: 33658593 PMCID: PMC7930200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One major bottleneck in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the limited number of critical care beds. Due to the dynamic development of infections and the time lag between when patients are infected and when a proportion of them enters an intensive care unit (ICU), the need for future intensive care can easily be underestimated. To infer future ICU load from reported infections, we suggest a simple statistical model that (1) accounts for time lags and (2) allows for making predictions depending on different future growth of infections. We have evaluated our model for three heavily affected regions in Europe, namely Berlin (Germany), Lombardy (Italy), and Madrid (Spain). Before extensive containment measures made an impact, we first estimate the region-specific model parameters, namely ICU rate, time lag between infection, and ICU admission as well as length of stay in ICU. Whereas for Berlin, an ICU rate of 6%, a time lag of 6 days, and a stay of 12 days in ICU provide the best fit of the data, for Lombardy and Madrid the ICU rate was higher (18% and 15%) and the time lag (0 and 3 days) and the stay in ICU (3 and 8 days) shorter. The region-specific models are then used to predict future ICU load assuming either a continued exponential phase with varying growth rates (0-15%) or linear growth. By keeping the growth rates flexible, this model allows for taking into account the potential effect of diverse containment measures. Thus, the model can help to predict a potential exceedance of ICU capacity depending on future growth. A sensitivity analysis for an extended time period shows that the proposed model is particularly useful for exponential phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ritter
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Derek V M Ott
- Neurology Clinic with Stroke Unit and Early Rehabilitation, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ritter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Korniienko Y, Nguyen L, Baumgartner S, Vater M, Tiedemann R, Kirschbaum F. Intragenus F1-hybrids of African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae: Campylomormyrus tamandua ♂ × C. compressirostris ♀) are fertile. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:571-585. [PMID: 32468077 PMCID: PMC8520511 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is widespread in fish and constitutes an important mechanism in fish speciation. There is, however, little knowledge about hybridization in mormyrids. F1-interspecies hybrids between Campylomormyrus tamandua ♂ × C. compressirostris ♀ were investigated concerning: (1) fertility; (2) survival of F2-fish and (3) new gene combinations in the F2-generation concerning the structure of the electric organ and features of the electric organ discharge. These F1-hybrids achieved sexual maturity at about 12–13.5 cm total length. A breeding group comprising six males and 13 females spawned 28 times naturally proving these F1-fish to be fertile. On average 228 eggs were spawned, the average fertilization rate was 47.8%. Eggs started to hatch 70–72 h after fertilization, average hatching rate was 95.6%. Average mortality rate during embryonic development amounted to 2.3%. Average malformation rate during the free embryonic stage was 27.7%. Exogenous feeding started on day 11. In total, we raised 353 normally developed larvae all of which died consecutively, the oldest specimen reaching an age of 5 months. During survival, the activities of the larval and adult electric organs were recorded and the structure of the adult electric organ was investigated histologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Korniienko
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Unit of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 16, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Unit of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 16, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephanie Baumgartner
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Unit of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 16, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marianne Vater
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Unit of General Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschbaum
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Unit of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 16, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Krause P, Völzmann S, Ewert S, Kupsch A, Schneider GH, Kühn AA. Long-term effects of bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia: a follow-up between 8 and 16 years. J Neurol 2020; 267:1622-1631. [PMID: 32055996 PMCID: PMC8592956 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Observational study to evaluate the long-term motor and non-motor effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) on medically refractory dystonia. Background Dystonia is a chronic disease affecting mainly young patients with a regular life expectancy and lifelong need for therapy. Pallidal DBS is an established treatment for severe isolated dystonia but long-term data are sparse. Methods We considered 36 consecutive patients with isolated generalized (n = 14) and cervical/segmental (n = 22) dystonia operated at Charité-University Hospital between 2000 and 2007 in a retrospective analysis for long-term outcome of pallidal DBS. In 19 of these patients, we could analyze dystonic symptoms and disability rated by the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating scale (BFMDRS) at baseline, short-term (ST-FU, range 3–36 months) and long-term follow-up (LT-FU, range 93–197 months). Quality of life and mood were evaluated using the SF36 and Beck Depression Index (BDI) questionnaires. Results Patients reached an improvement in motor symptoms of 63.8 ± 5.7% (mean ± SE) at ST-FU and 67.9 ± 6.1% at LT-FU. Moreover, a significant and stable reduction in disability was shown following DBS (54.2 ± 9.4% at ST-FU and 53.8 ± 9.2% at LT-FU). BDI and SF36 had improved by 40% and 23%, respectively, at LT-FU (n = 14). Stimulation-induced adverse events included swallowing difficulties, dysarthria, and bradykinesia. Pulse generator (n = 3) and electrodes (n = 5) were revised in seven patients due to infection. Conclusions Pallidal DBS is a safe and efficacious long-term treatment for dystonia with sustained effects on motor impairment and disability, accompanied by a robust improvement in mood and quality of life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-09745-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krause
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Völzmann
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Ewert
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kupsch
- Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, University Medicine of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G H Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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