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Shi C, Tang Z, Jin Z, Huang S, Xu X, Qu C, Lin TH. Characterization of DmToll and DmToll7 homologue in Litopenaeus vannamei based on structure analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 158:105209. [PMID: 38838948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize invading pathogens and activate downstream signaling pathways. The number of 10 Tolls is found in Litopenaeus vannamei but have not yet been identified as the corresponding Toll homologue of model animal. In this study, we predicted the three-dimensional (3D) structures of 10 LvTolls (LvToll1-10) with AlphaFold2 program. The per-residue local distance difference test (pLDDT) scores of LvTolls showed the predicted structure of LvTolls had high accuracy (pLDDT>70). By structural analysis, 3D structures of LvToll2 and LvToll3 had high similarity with Drosophila melanogaster Toll and Toll7, respectively. 3D structure of LvToll7 and LvToll10 were not similar to that of other LvTolls. Moreover, we also predicted that LvSpätzle4 had high structural similarity to DmSpätzle. There were 9 potential hydrogen bonds in LvToll2-LvSpätzle4 complex. Importantly, co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that LvToll2 could bind with LvSpätzle4. Collectively, this study provides new insight for researching invertebrate immunity by identifying the protein of model animal homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhuyun Tang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Ta-Hui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China.
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Nelson VK, Nuli MV, Ausali S, Gupta S, Sanga V, Mishra R, Jaini PK, Madhuri Kallam SD, Sudhan HH, Mayasa V, Abomughaid MM, Almutary AG, Pullaiah CP, Mitta R, Jha NK. Dietary anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial medicinal plants and its compounds in bovine mastitis associated impact on human life. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106687. [PMID: 38750773 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most common bacterial mediated inflammatory disease in the dairy cattle that causes huge economic loss to the dairy industry due to decreased milk quality and quantity. Milk is the essential food in the human diet, and rich in crucial nutrients that helps in lowering the risk of diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The main causative agents of the disease include various gram negative, and positive bacteria, along with other risk factors such as udder shape, age, genetic, and environmental factors also contributes much for the disease. Currently, antibiotics, immunotherapy, probiotics, dry cow, and lactation therapy are commonly recommended for BM. However, these treatments can only decrease the rise of new cases but can't eliminate the causative agents, and they also exhibit several limitations. Hence, there is an urgent need of a potential source that can generate a typical and ideal treatment to overcome the limitations and eliminate the pathogens. Among the various sources, medicinal plants and its derived products always play a significant role in drug discovery against several diseases. In addition, they are also known for its low toxicity and minimum resistance features. Therefore, plants and its compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties can serve better in bovine mastitis. In addition, the plants that are serving as a food source and possessing pharmacological properties can act even better in bovine mastitis. Hence, in this evidence-based study, we particularly review the dietary medicinal plants and derived products that are proven for anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Moreover, the role of each dietary plant and its compounds along with possible role in the management of bovine mastitis are delineated. In this way, this article serves as a standalone source for the researchers working in this area to help in the management of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Center for global health research, saveetha medical college, saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saijyothi Ausali
- College of Pharmacy, MNR higher education and research academy campus, MNR Nagar, Sangareddy, 502294, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Sanga
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujrat, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Jaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Raffles University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudha Divya Madhuri Kallam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Hari Hara Sudhan
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Vinyas Mayasa
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box, 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chitikela P Pullaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60016, India
| | - Raghavendra Mitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering & Technology (SSET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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3
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Chen R, Wang Z, Lin Q, Hou X, Jiang Y, Le Q, Liu X, Ma L, Wang F. Destabilization of fear memory by Rac1-driven engram-microglia communication in hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:621-636. [PMID: 38670239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a key regulator of the cytoskeleton and neuronal plasticity, and is known to play a critical role in psychological and cognitive brain disorders. To elucidate the engram specific Rac1 signaling in fear memory, a doxycycline (Dox)-dependent robust activity marking (RAM) system was used to label dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) engram cells in mice during contextual fear conditioning. Rac1 mRNA and protein levels in DG engram cells were peaked at 24 h (day 1) after fear conditioning and were more abundant in the fear engram cells than in the non-engram cells. Optogenetic activation of Rac1 in a temporal manner in DG engram cells before memory retrieval decreased the freezing level in the fear context. Optogenetic activation of Rac1 increased autophagy protein 7 (ATG7) expression in the DG engram cells and activated DG microglia. Microglia-specific transcriptomics and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that overexpression of ATG7 in the fear engram cells upregulated the mRNA of Toll-like receptor TLR2/4 in DG microglia. Knockdown of microglial TLR2/4 rescued fear memory destabilization induced by ATG7 overexpression or Rac1 activation in DG engram cells. These results indicate that Rac1-driven communications between engram cells and microglia contributes to contextual fear memory destabilization, and is mediated by ATG7 and TLR2/4, and suggest a novel mechanistic framework for the cytoskeletal regulator in fear memory interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Chen
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Lin
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xutian Hou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiumin Le
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Ma
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China.
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Dorando HK, Mutic EC, Tomaszewski KL, Tian L, Stefanov MK, Quinn CC, Veis DJ, Wardenburg JB, Musiek AC, Mehta-Shah N, Payton JE. LAIR1 prevents excess inflammatory tissue damage in S. aureus skin infection and Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598864. [PMID: 38915487 PMCID: PMC11195265 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) experience high morbidity and mortality due to S. aureus skin infections and sepsis, but the causative immune defect is unclear. We previously identified high levels of LAIR2, a decoy protein for the inhibitory receptor LAIR1, in advanced CTCL. Mice do not have a LAIR2 homolog, so we used Lair1 knock-out (KO) mice to model LAIR2 overexpression. In a model of subcutaneous S. aureus skin infection, Lair1 KO mice had significantly larger abscesses and areas of dermonecrosis compared to WT. Lair1 KO exhibited a pattern of increased inflammatory responses in infection and sterile immune stimulation, including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloid chemokines, neutrophil ROS, and collagen/ECM remodeling pathways. Notably, Lair1 KO infected skin had a similar bacterial burden and neutrophils and monocytes had equivalent S. aureus phagocytosis compared to WT. These findings support a model in which lack of LAIR1 signaling causes an excessive inflammatory response that does not improve infection control. CTCL skin lesions harbored similar patterns of increased expression in cytokine and collagen/ECM remodeling pathways, suggesting that high levels of LAIR2 in CTCL recapitulates Lair1 KO, causing inflammatory tissue damage and compromising host defense against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Dorando
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | - Evan C. Mutic
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | | | - Ling Tian
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | - Mellisa K. Stefanov
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | - Chaz C. Quinn
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Amy C. Musiek
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Neha Mehta-Shah
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jacqueline E. Payton
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
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Hu L, Cheng Z, Chu H, Wang W, Jin Y, Yang L. TRIF-dependent signaling and its role in liver diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370042. [PMID: 38694821 PMCID: PMC11061444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is a crucial adaptor molecule downstream of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3) and 4 (TLR4). TRIF directly binds to TLR3 through its TIR domain, while it associates with TLR4 indirectly through the bridge adaptor molecule TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). TRIF plays a pivotal role in regulating interferon beta 1 (IFN-β) response, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, apoptosis, and necroptosis signaling mediated by TLR3 and TLR4. It accomplishes these by recruiting and activating various kinases or transcription factors via its distinct domains. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways mediated by TLR3 and TLR4, elucidating key target molecules and downstream pathways. Furthermore, we provide an overview of TRIF's impact on several liver disorders, including drug-induced liver injury, ischemia-reperfusion liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We also explore its effects on liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways, as well as the intricate relationship between TRIF and liver diseases, can facilitate the identification of potential drug targets and the development of novel and effective therapeutics against hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yu J, Da J, Yu F, Yuan J, Zha Y. HMGN1 down-regulation in the diabetic kidney attenuates tubular cells injury and protects against renal inflammation via suppressing MCP-1 and KIM-1 expression through TLR4. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1015-1027. [PMID: 38409569 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubular injury, accompanied by damaging inflammation, has been identified to drive diabetic kidney disease (DKD) toward end-stage renal disease. However, it is unclear how damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) activate innate immunity to mediate tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury, which in turn causes with subsequent sterile inflammation in diabetic kidneys. High mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) is a novel DAMP that contributes to generating the innate immune response. In this study, we focused on determining whether HMGN1 is involved in DKD progression. METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice model was established. Then we downrergulated HMGN1 expression in kidney with or without HMGN1 administration. The renal dysfunction and morphological lesions in the kidneys were evaluated. The expressions of KIM-1, MCP-1, F4/80, CD68, and HMGN1/TLR4 signaling were examined in the renal tissue. In vitro, HK2 cells were exposed in the high glucose with or without HMGN1, and further pre-incubated with TAK242 was applied to elucidate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS We demonstrated that HMGN1 was upregulated in the tubular epithelial cells of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse kidneys compared to controls, while being positively correlated with increased TLR4, KIM-1, and MCP-1. Down-regulation of renal HMGN1 attenuated diabetic kidney injury, decreased the TLR4, KIM-1, and MCP-1 expression levels, and reduced interstitial infiltrating macrophages. However, these phenotypes were reversed after administration of HMGN1. In HK-2 cells, HMGN1 promoted the expression of KIM-1 and MCP-1 via regulating MyD88/NF-κB pathway; inhibition of TLR4 effectively diminished the in vitro response to HMGN1. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel insight into HMGN1 signaling mechanisms that contribute to tubular sterile injury and low-grade inflammation in DKD. The study findings may help to develop new HMGN1-targeted approaches as therapy for immune-mediated kidney damage rather than as an anti-infection treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - J Da
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - F Yu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Y Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Cui Sun M, Otálora-Alcaraz A, Prenderville JA, Downer EJ. Toll-like receptor signalling as a cannabinoid target. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116082. [PMID: 38438052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have become a focus in biomedicine and biomedical research given the roles of this unique family of innate immune proteins in immune activation, infection, and autoimmunity. It is evident that TLR dysregulation, and subsequent alterations in TLR-mediated inflammatory signalling, can contribute to disease pathogenesis, and TLR targeted therapies are in development. This review highlights evidence that cannabinoids are key regulators of TLR signalling. Cannabinoids include component of the plant Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), synthetic and endogenous ligands, and overall represent a class of compounds whose therapeutic potential and mechanism of action continues to be elucidated. Cannabinoid-based medicines are in the clinic, and are furthermore under intense investigation for broad clinical development to manage symptoms of a range of disorders. In this review, we present an overview of research evidence that signalling linked to a range of TLRs is targeted by cannabinoids, and such cannabinoid mediated effects represent therapeutic avenues for further investigation. First, we provide an overview of TLRs, adaptors and key signalling events, alongside a summary of evidence that TLRs are linked to disease pathologies. Next, we discuss the cannabinoids system and the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics. Finally, for the bulk of this review, we systematically outline the evidence that cannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous cannabinoid ligands) can cross-talk with innate immune signalling governed by TLRs, focusing specifically on each member of the TLR family. Cannabinoids should be considered as key regulators of signalling controlled by TLRs, and such regulation should be a major focus in terms of the anti-inflammatory propensity of the cannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Cui Sun
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Almudena Otálora-Alcaraz
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack A Prenderville
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Transpharmation Ireland Limited, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eric J Downer
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Cho H, Kim K. Multi-functional nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy that transform cold tumors to hot tumors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:627-638. [PMID: 38682272 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2348656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, cancer immunotherapy is widely used as a groundbreaking method that can completely cure advanced cancers. However, this new immunotherapy has the challenge of low patient response, which is often due to many patients' tumors having an immunosuppressive environment, known as cold tumors. AREAS COVERED This review aims to introduce various nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy that can transform cold tumor into hot tumors. Initially, we discuss new technologies for combinational immunotherapy based on multifunctional nanomedicines that can deliver combinational immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and immune modulators (IMs) to targeted tumor tissues at the same time. Ultimately, we highlight how multifunctional nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy can be used to transform cold tumor into hot tumors against advanced cancers. EXPERT OPINION Nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy for delivering multiple ICD inducers, ICBs, and IMs at the same time is recognized as a new potential technology that can activate tumor immunity and simultaneously increase the therapeutic efficacy of immune cells that can transform effectively the cold tumors into hot tumors. Finally, nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy can solve the serious problems of low therapeutic efficacy that occurs when treating single drug or simple combinational drugs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Cho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang S, Kim S, Kim SJ, Kim JY, Gu DH, So BR, Ryu JA, Park JM, Yoon SR, Jung SK. Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:644-653. [PMID: 38213288 PMCID: PMC11016773 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Considering the emergence of various infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people's attention has shifted towards immune health. Consequently, immune-enhancing functional foods have been increasingly consumed. Hence, developing new immune-enhancing functional food products is needed. Pinus densiflora pollen can be collected from the male red pine tree, which is commonly found in Korea. P. densiflora pollen extract (PDE), obtained by water extraction, contained polyphenols (216.29 ± 0.22 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (35.14 ± 0.04 mg CE/100 g). PDE significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, did not exhibit cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot results indicated that PDE induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. PDE also significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, as well as the activation and degradation of IκBα. Additionally, western blot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear fractions and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that the translocation of p65 to the nucleus after PDE treatment. These results confirmed that PDE increases the production of cytokines, NO, and ROS by activating NF-κB. Therefore, PDE is a promising nutraceutical candidate for immune-enhancing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyeon Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - San Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram So
- COSMAX NBT, INC., Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Ryu
- Division of Agricultural Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Park
- Division of Agricultural Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ran Yoon
- Division of Agricultural Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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10
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Deza Leon M, Otto WR, Danziger-Isakov L, Kumar A, Scaggs Huang F. Infectious Diseases Evaluation of the Child With Suspected Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:220-227. [PMID: 38263470 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of excessive and maladaptive inflammation. In this review, we discuss how the clinical and laboratory features of HLH overlap with infection and propose a diagnostic and treatment strategy to identify patients with infections mimicking HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Deza Leon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - William R Otto
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lara Danziger-Isakov
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Felicia Scaggs Huang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Gumas J, Kawamura T, Shigematsu M, Kirino Y. Immunostimulatory short non-coding RNAs in the circulation of patients with tuberculosis infection. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102156. [PMID: 38481936 PMCID: PMC10933579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is among the world's deadliest infectious diseases. Developing effective treatments and biomarkers for tuberculosis requires a deeper understanding of its pathobiology and host responses. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of circulating short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in plasma samples from Mtb-infected patients. We achieved this by pre-treating plasma RNAs with T4 polynucleotide kinase to convert all RNA ends to those compatible with sncRNA sequencing. We discovered a global and drastic upregulation of plasma sncRNAs in Mtb-infected patients, with tRNA-derived sncRNAs representing the most dramatically elevated class. Most of these tRNA-derived sncRNAs originated from a limited subset of tRNAs, specifically from three tRNA isoacceptors, and exhibited skewed patterns to 5'-derived fragments, such as 5' halves, 5' tRNA fragments (tRFs), and internal tRFs (i-tRFs) from the 5' regions. Further, Mtb-infected patients displayed markedly upregulated and distinct profiles of both rRNA- and mRNA-derived sncRNAs. Some of these sncRNAs, which are abundant and specific to Mtb-infected patients, robustly activated human macrophages via Toll-like receptor 7 and induced cytokine production. This drastic accumulation of circulating, immunostimulatory sncRNAs in the plasma of Mtb-infected patients offers insights into the sncRNA-driven aspects of host immune response against infectious diseases and suggests a pool of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gumas
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Takuya Kawamura
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Megumi Shigematsu
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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12
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Zhang X, He Y, Zhang X, Fu B, Song Z, Wang L, Fu R, Lu X, Xing J, Lv J, Guo M, Huo X, Liu X, Lu J, Du X, Ge Z, Chen Z, Li C. Sustained exposure to Helicobacter pylori induces immune tolerance by desensitizing TLR6. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:324-342. [PMID: 38310631 PMCID: PMC10896808 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) has been designated a class I carcinogen and is closely associated with severe gastric diseases. During colonization in the gastric mucosa, H. pylori develops immune escape by inducing host immune tolerance. The gastric epithelium acts as the first line of defense against H. pylori, with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in gastric epithelial cells being sensitive to H. pylori components and subsequently activating the innate immune system. However, the mechanism of immune tolerance induced by H. pylori through the TLR signalling pathway has not been fully elucidated. In this research, we detected the expression of TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in GES-1 cells upon sustained exposure to H. pylori or H. pylori lysate from 1 to 30 generations and in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori for 5 to 90 weeks. We found that the levels of TLR6 and inflammatory cytokines first increased and then dropped during the course of H. pylori treatment in vitro and in vivo. The restoration of TLR6 potentiated the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 in GES-1 cells, which recruited neutrophils and reduced the colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa of gerbils. Mechanistically, we found that persistent infection with H. pylori reduces the sensitivity of TLR6 to bacterial components and regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in GES-1 cells through TLR6/JNK signaling. The TLR6 agonist obviously alleviated inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Promising results suggest that TLR6 may be a potential candidate immunotherapy drug for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zidai Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xing
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Bartels YL, van Lent PLEM, van der Kraan PM, Blom AB, Bonger KM, van den Bosch MHJ. Inhibition of TLR4 signalling to dampen joint inflammation in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:608-618. [PMID: 37788083 PMCID: PMC10907820 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local and systemic low-grade inflammation, mainly involving the innate immune system, plays an important role in the development of OA. A receptor playing a key role in initiation of this inflammation is the pattern-recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In the joint, various ligands for TLR4, many of which are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are present that can activate TLR4 signalling. This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators that cause joint damage. In this narrative review, we will first discuss the involvement of TLR4 ligands and signalling in OA. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of methods for inhibit, TLR4 signalling by RNA interference, neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibodies, small molecules and inhibitors targeting the TLR4 co-receptor MD2. Finally, we will focus on possible applications and challenges of these strategies in the dampening of inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Bartels
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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An H, Yu X, Liu Y, Fang L, Shu M, Zhai Q, Chen J. Downregulation of transcription 1 hinders the replication of Dabie bandavirus by promoting the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 signaling pathway. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102307. [PMID: 38194758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a bunyavirus that causes SFTS, with a case fatality rate of up to 30 %. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the defense against SFTSV; however, the impact of viral propagation of STFSV on the innate immune system remains unclear. Although proteomics analysis revealed that the expression of the downregulator of transcription 1 (DR1) increased after SFTSV infection, the specific change trend and the functional role of DR1 during viral infection remain unelucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that DR1 was highly expressed in response to SFTSV infection in HEK 293T cells using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, viral replication significantly increased the expression of various TLRs, especially TLR9. Our data indicated that DR1 positively regulated the expression of TLRs in HEK 293T cells, DR1 overexpression highly increased the expression of numerous TLRs, whereas RNAi-mediated DR1 silencing decreased TLR expression. Additionally, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways were highly up- and downregulated by the overexpression and silencing of DR1, respectively. Finally, we report that DR1 stimulates the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, thereby upregulating the TRIF-dependent and MyD88-dependent signaling pathways during the SFTSV infection, attenuating viral replication, and enhancing the production of type I interferon and various inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These results imply that DR1 defends against SFTSV replication by inducing the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role and mechanism of DR1 in mediating antiviral responses and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao An
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Shu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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15
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Song Y, Sun M, Mu G, Tuo Y. Exopolysaccharide secreted by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y12 showed inhibitory effect on the pathogenicity of Shigella flexneri in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129478. [PMID: 38237822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is a prevalent foodborne and waterborne pathogen that threatens human health. Our previous research indicated that the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y12 exopolysaccharide (L-EPS) potentially inhibited the pathogenicity of S. flexneri. The in vitro results of this study demonstrated that L-EPS effectively mitigated the symptoms induced by S. flexneri in HT-29 cells, including inhibited gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TLR 2/4, and NOD1/2; decreased apoptosis ratio; and alleviated damage degree of intestinal barrier function (Zona occludens 1, Occludin, and Claudin-1). The in vivo results demonstrated that S. flexneri treated with L-EPS elicited mild adverse physiological manifestations, an inflammatory response, and tissue damage. The infection of S. flexneri caused significant alterations in the abundance of phylum (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria), family (Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, Prevotellaceaea, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobaillaceae), and genus (Escherichia Shigella and Lachnospirillaceae NK4A136 group) within the cecal microbiota. These changes were accompanied by perturbations in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, arginine biosynthesis, and histidine metabolic pathways. However, intervention with L-EPS attenuated the dysbiosis of cecal microbiota and metabolic disturbances. In summary, our research suggested a potential application of L-EPS as a functional food additive for mitigating S. flexneri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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16
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Sun F, Li J, Cao L, Yan C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence protein ESAT-6 influences M1/M2 polarization and macrophage apoptosis to regulate tuberculosis progression. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:37-47. [PMID: 37971619 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and it remains one of the major threats to human health worldwide. To our knowledge, the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages were critical innate immune cells which play important roles in regulating the immune response during TB progression. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in TB development. METHODS THP-1 macrophages were treated with early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) protein for an increasing time. The polarization profiles, apoptosis levels of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS ESAT-6 initially promoted the generation of pro-inflammatory M1-polarized macrophages in THP-1 cells within 24 h, which were suppressed by further ESAT-6 treatment at 30-42 h. Interestingly, ESAT-6 continuously promoted M2 polarization of THP-1 cells, thereby maintaining the anti-inflammatory response in a time-dependent manner. In addition, ESAT-6 promoted apoptotic cell death in M1-polarized macrophages, which had little effects on apoptosis of M2-phenotype of macrophages. Then, the potential underlying mechanisms were uncovered, and we verified that ESAT-6 increased the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB to activate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway within 24 h, and this signal pathway was significantly inactivated at 36 h post-treatment. Interestingly, the following experiments confirmed that ESAT-6 TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-dependently regulated M1/M2 polarization and apoptosis of macrophage in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Our study investigated the detailed effects and mechanisms of M1/M2 macrophages in regulating innate responses during TB development, which provided a new perspective on the development of treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Inspection Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Cunzi Yan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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17
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Liu R, Guo Y, Yu J, Wei X, Zhou F, Yuan X, Cai L, Yu C. Protective effect of N-(E)-p-coumaroyltyrosine on LPS-induced acute inflammatory injury and signaling pathway analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109242. [PMID: 37995893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
N-trans-p-coumaroyltyrosine (N-(E)-p-coumaroyltyrosine, NPCT), extracted and purified from Abri Mollis Herba, is an amino acid amide. The defense mechanism of NPCT against inflammatory response is still unknown. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced zebrafish acute inflammatory injury model was established to observe the inhibitory effect of NPCT on the aggregation of inflammatory cells in the yolk sac of zebrafish, as well as the inhibitory effect of NPCT on inflammatory and gas signaling factors. Results show that NPCT could inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration in zebrafish yolk sac, the migration and aggregation of macrophages and neutrophils to the site of inflammation, and the release of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in zebrafish, indicating that NPCT could substantially significantly prevent the development of LPS-induced acute systemic inflammation. In addition, the analysis results of RNA-seq showed that in the model group versus the administered group, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched to inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which were down-regulated in the administered group. The TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4, NF-κB, IκB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-6 genes were significantly different in the transcripts, and the overall trend of the qPCR results was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Therefore, NPCT had a significant inhibitory effect on LPS-induced acute inflammatory injury in zebrafish, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism may be through the regulation of key genes on the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby affecting the release of relevant inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Liu
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China; Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuhai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Xinru Wei
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feirong Zhou
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xujiang Yuan
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chuqin Yu
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China.
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18
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Hou J, Zheng Y, Gao C. Regulation of cellular senescence by innate immunity. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:338-351. [PMID: 38524701 PMCID: PMC10960571 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the interplay between the processes of immunity and senescence is drawing more and more intensive attention. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces senescence in lung cells, failure to clear infected cells and increased presence of inflammatory factors could lead to a cytokine storm and acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), which together with aging and age-associated disease lead to 70% of COVID-19-related deaths. Studies on how senescence initiates upon viral infection and how to restrict excessive accumulation of senescent cells to avoid harmful inflammation are crucially important. Senescence can induce innate immune signaling, and innate immunity can engage cell senescence. Here, we mainly review the innate immune pathways, such as cGAS-STING, TLRs, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome, participating in the senescence process. In these pathways, IFN-I and inflammatory factors play key roles. At the end of the review, we propose the strategies by which we can improve the immune function and reduce inflammation based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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19
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Alonso JCC, de Souza BR, Reis IB, de Arruda Camargo GC, de Oliveira G, de Barros Frazão Salmazo MI, Gonçalves JM, de Castro Roston JR, Caria PHF, da Silva Santos A, de Freitas LLL, Billis A, Durán N, Fávaro WJ. OncoTherad ® (MRB-CFI-1) Nanoimmunotherapy: A Promising Strategy to Treat Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Crosstalk among T-Cell CX3CR1, Immune Checkpoints, and the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17535. [PMID: 38139364 PMCID: PMC10743608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the safety and efficacy of OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI-1) nanoimmunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and explored its mechanisms of action in a bladder cancer microenvironment. A single-arm phase I/II study was conducted with 44 patients with NMIBC who were unresponsive to BCG treatment. Primary outcomes were pathological complete response (pCR) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary outcomes comprised response duration and therapy safety. Patients' mean age was 65 years; 59.1% of them were refractory, 31.8% relapsed, and 9.1% were intolerant to BCG. Moreover, the pCR rate after 24 months reached 72.7% (95% CI), whereas the mean RFS reached 21.4 months. Mean response duration in the pCR group was 14.3 months. No patient developed muscle-invasive or metastatic disease during treatment. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 77.3% of patients, mostly grade 1-2 events. OncoTherad® activated the innate immune system through toll-like receptor 4, leading to increased interferon signaling. This activation played a crucial role in activating CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells, decreasing immune checkpoint molecules, and reversing immunosuppression in the bladder microenvironment. OncoTherad® has proved to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, besides showing likely advantages in tumor relapse prevention processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Cardoso Alonso
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
- Paulínia Municipal Hospital, Paulínia 13140-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ribeiro de Souza
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Ovarian Cancer Research Group University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada;
| | - Ianny Brum Reis
- Diagnosis and Surgery Department, Dentistry School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-903, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Cardoso de Arruda Camargo
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Gabriela de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Maria Izabel de Barros Frazão Salmazo
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Juliana Mattoso Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - José Ronaldo de Castro Roston
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Ferreira Caria
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - André da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Leandro Luiz Lopes de Freitas
- Pathology Department, Medical School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.L.L.d.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Athanase Billis
- Pathology Department, Medical School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.L.L.d.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-865, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.d.A.C.); (G.d.O.); (M.I.d.B.F.S.); (J.M.G.); (J.R.d.C.R.); (P.H.F.C.); (A.d.S.S.); (N.D.)
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20
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Liu G, Bae KB, Yang Y, Lee BN, Hwang YC. Icariin negatively regulated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and ameliorated the odontogenic activity of human dental pulp cells in vitro. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23282. [PMID: 38144358 PMCID: PMC10746513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alleviating inflammation and promoting dentine regeneration is critical for the healing of pulpitis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis and odontogenesis function of icariin on Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) under inflammatory state. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms was also evaluated. Icariin attenuated the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory marker expression, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8. The immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining results showed that icariin suppressed the inflammatory responses mediated by the protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling cascades. Additionally, icariin also upregulated the expression of odontogenic and angiogenic genes and proteins (namely dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), anti-collagen Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1)), alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium nodule deposition in LPS-exposed HDPCs. In a word, our findings indicated that icariin attenuated pulp inflammation and promoted odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation in the inflammatory state. Icariin may be a promising vital pulp therapy agent for the regenerative treatment of the inflamed dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- Dental Implant Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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21
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He ZQ, Huan PF, Wang L, He JC. Compound Dihuang Granule Changes Gut Microbiota of MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice via Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3610-3624. [PMID: 37561259 PMCID: PMC10584754 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota was connected to Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathology. The ancient Chinese medication for PD is Compound Dihuang Granule (CDG), and we found a neuroprotective function in treating the constipation of PD patients. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action still needs to be clarified. We predicted the probable targets of CDG against PD through Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) network pharmacology and verified the analysis through animal experiments in vivo. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis screened PD-related genes, including Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1), Nuclear Factor- Kappa B (NF-κB), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses proved that the NF-κB and toll-like receptor signaling pathways serve a key function in CDG therapy of PD. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that CDG strongly connected to TLR4/NF-κB. Experiments findings indicated that CDG improved the damage of dopaminergic neurons and gut microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated motor impairments, and suppressed the PD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahy dropyridine (MPTP). CDG suppressed the inflammatory proteins in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier. Overall, CDG improved gut microbial in PD by blocking the pathway of TLR4/NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Qing He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Peng-Fei Huan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Cheng He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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22
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Zhu Y, Feng W, Kong Q, Sheng F, Li Z, Xu W, Li Q, Han Y, Wu X, Jia C, Guo J, Zhao Y. Evaluating the effects of S-ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty under intraspinal anesthesia: a single-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pragmatic study protocol. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1298661. [PMID: 38099265 PMCID: PMC10720081 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1298661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute, transient brain disorder associated with decreased postoperative quality of life, dementia, neurocognitive changes, and mortality. A small number of trials have explored the role of S-ketamine in the treatment of POD due to its neuroprotective effects. Surprisingly, these trials have failed to yield supportive results. However, heterogeneity in delirium assessment methodologies, sample sizes, and outcome settings as well as deficiencies in S-ketamine use methods make the evidence provided by these studies less persuasive. Given the severe impact of POD on the health of elderly patients and the potential for S-ketamine to prevent it, we believe that designing a large sample size, and rigorous randomized controlled trial for further evaluation is necessary. Methods This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pragmatic study. Subjects undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to intervention (n = 186) and placebo (n = 186) groups. This trial aims to explore the potential role of S-ketamine in the prevention of POD. Its primary outcome is the incidence of POD within 3 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes include the number of POD episodes, the onset and duration of POD, the severity and subtype of POD, pain scores and opioid consumption, sleep quality, clinical outcomes, and safety outcomes. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first pragmatic study that proposes to use S-ketamine to prevent POD. We reviewed a large body of literature to identify potential preoperative confounding variables that may bias associations between the intervention and primary outcome. We will use advanced statistical methods to correct potential confounding variables, improving the test's power and external validity of test results. Of note, the patient population included in this trial will undergo intraspinal anesthesia. Although large, multicenter, randomized controlled studies have found no considerable difference in the effects of regional and general anesthesia on POD, patients receiving intraspinal anesthesia have less exposure to at-risk drugs, such as sevoflurane, propofol, and benzodiazepines, than patients receiving general anesthesia. At-risk drugs have been shown to negatively interfere with the neuroprotective effects of S-ketamine, which may be the reason for the failure of a large number of previous studies. There is currently a lack of randomized controlled studies evaluating S-ketamine for POD prevention, and our trial helps to fill a gap in this area.Trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300075796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhuang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinghan Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changxin Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Li X, Wang F, Gao Z, Huang W, Zhang X, Liu F, Yi H, Guan J, Wu X, Xu H, Yin S. Melatonin attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127480. [PMID: 37659335 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) triggers subclinical intestinal barrier disruption prior to systemic low-grade inflammation. Increasing evidence suggests therapeutic effects of melatonin on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota remodelling. However, whether and how melatonin alleviates CIH-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 J mice and Caco-2 cell line were treated. We evaluated gut barrier function spectrophotometrically using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dextran. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect morphological changes in the mechanical barrier. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression of tight junctions, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels. 16 S rRNA analysis of the colonic contents microflora. Flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and Th17 cells with and without melatonin supplementation. KEY RESULTS We found that CIH could induce colonic mucosal injury, including reduction in the number of goblet cells and decrease the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. CIH could decrease the abundance of the beneficial genera Clostridium, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides, while increasing the abundance of the pathogenic genera Desulfovibrio and Bifidobacterium. Finally, CIH facilitated Th17 differentiation via the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in vitro and elevated the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine in vivo. Melatonin supplementation ameliorated CIH-induced intestinal mucosal injury, gut microbiota dysbiosis, enteric Th17 polarization, and systemic low-grade inflammation reactions mentioned-above. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Melatonin attenuated CIH-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating gut flora dysbiosis, mucosal epithelium integrity, and Th17 polarization via STAT3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Caobao Road 8, Shanghai 200235, China.
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
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24
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Rosa CP, Belo TCA, Santos NCDM, Silva EN, Gasparotto J, Corsetti PP, de Almeida LA. Reactive oxygen species trigger inflammasome activation after intracellular microbial interaction. Life Sci 2023; 331:122076. [PMID: 37683723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), composed of oxygen-reduced molecules, is important not only because of their lethal effects on microorganisms but also due to their potential inflammatory and metabolic regulation properties. The ROS pro-inflammatory properties are associated with the second signal to inflammasome activation, leading to cleaving pro-IL-1β and pro-IL18 before their secretion, as well as gasdermin-D, leading to pyroptosis. Some microorganisms can modulate NLRP3 and AIM-2 inflammasomes through ROS production: whilst Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Francisella novicida, Brucella abortus, Listeria monocytogenes, Influenza virus, Syncytial respiratory virus, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, SARS-CoV, Mayaro virus, Leishmania amazonensis and Plasmodium sp. enhance inflammasome assembly, Hepatitis B virus, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Francisella tularensis and Leishmania sp. disrupt it. This process represents a recent cornerstone in our knowledge of the immunology of intracellular pathogens, which is reviewed in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Pupin Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caetano Andrade Belo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Cristina de Melo Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Evandro Neves Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Paiva Corsetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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25
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Hashimoto R, Koide H, Katoh Y. MEK inhibitors increase the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:374. [PMID: 37833247 PMCID: PMC10575927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that can cause an acute inflammatory response. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important innate immune system components and is synthesized by inducible NOS (iNOS) in macrophages in response to stimulation with LPS. LPS activates the RAS-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to examine how the combination of LPS and MEK inhibitors, which have been used as anticancer agents in recent years, affects inflammation. We showed that MEK inhibitors enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. A MEK inhibitor increased the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation. The expression of the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in macrophages was enhanced by the MEK inhibitor, as shown by a cytokine array and ELISA. IL-12 enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in response to LPS. We also showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was secreted by macrophage after stimulation with LPS and that TNF-α and IL-12 synergistically induced iNOS expression and NO production. An anti-IL-12 neutralizing antibody prevented NO production and mortality in an LPS-induced inflammation mouse model in the presence of a MEK inhibitor. These results suggest that the MEK inhibitor increases the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8421, Japan.
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26
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Sawoo R, Dey R, Ghosh R, Bishayi B. Exogenous IL-10 posttreatment along with TLR4 and TNFR1 blockade improves tissue antioxidant status by modulating sepsis-induced macrophage polarization. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1549-1572. [PMID: 37177863 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-organ dysfunction is one of the major reasons behind the high mortality of sepsis throughout the world. With the pathophysiology of sepsis remaining largely unknown, the uncontrolled reactive oxygen species (ROS) production along with the decreased antioxidants contributes to the progression toward septic shock. Being the effector cells of the innate immunity system, macrophages secrete both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators during inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) releases TNF-α, which initiates pro-inflammatory events through tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling. However, it is counteracted by the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) causing decreased oxidative stress. Our study thus aimed to assess the effects of exogenous IL-10 treatment post-neutralization of TLR4 and TNFR1 (by anti-TLR4 antibody and anti-TNFR1 antibody, respectively) in an in vivo murine model of LPS-sepsis. We have also examined the tissue-specific antioxidant status in the spleen, liver, and lungs along with the serum cytokine levels in adult male Swiss albino mice to determine the functional association with the disease. The results showed that administration of recombinant IL-10 post-neutralization of the receptors was beneficial in shifting the macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. IL-10 treatment significantly downregulated the free radicals production resulting in diminished lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels. The increased antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GRX ) conferred protection against LPS-induced sepsis. Western blot data further confirmed diminished expressions of TLR4 and TNFR1 along with suppressed stress-activated protein kinases/Jun amino-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) and increased SOD and CAT expressions, which altogether indicated that neutralization of TLR4 and TNFR1 along with IL-10 posttreatment might be a potential therapeutic measure for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritasha Sawoo
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
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27
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Ribeiro de Souza B, Brum Reis I, Cardoso de Arruda Camargo G, Oliveira G, Cristina Dias Q, Durán N, José Fávaro W. A novel therapeutic strategy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: OncoTherad® immunotherapy associated with platelet-rich plasma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110723. [PMID: 37531827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that are unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have historically had limited treatment options. A new perspective is represented by OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI-1) immunotherapy, a nanostructured inorganic phosphate complex associated with glycosidic protein, developed by the University of Campinas in Brazil. Previous studies have shown that Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) also acts on immune activation and exerts antitumor effects. This study characterized the effects of the OncoTherad® associated with PRP in the treatment of NMIBC chemically induced in mice. When treated intravesically with PRP only, mice showed 28.6% of tumor progression inhibition rate; with OncoTherad® 85.7%; and with OncoTherad®+PRP 71.4%. Intravesical treatments led to distinct activation of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4-mediated innate immune system in the interleukins (canonical) and interferons (non-canonical) signaling pathways. OncoTherad® isolated or associated with PRP upregulated TLR4 and its downstream cascade mediators as well as increased interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In this way, the NMIBC microenvironment was modulated to a cytotoxic profile correlated with the IL-1β increase by stimulating immune pathways for IFN-γ production and consequent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (as CD8+ T-cells) activation and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) reduction. In addition, PRP did not trigger carcinogenic effects through the biomarkers evaluated. Considering the possibility of personalizing the treatment with the PRP use as well as the antitumor properties of OncoTherad®, we highlight this association as a potential new therapeutic strategy for NMIBC, mainly in cases of relapse and/or resistance to BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ribeiro de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ianny Brum Reis
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Gabriela Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Queila Cristina Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Durán
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Guan H, Chen X, Liu J, Sun J, Guo H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Lin J, Yuan Q. Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13788. [PMID: 37666853 PMCID: PMC10477197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is often considered immunogenic cancer. Toll-like receptor-related genes are expressed differently in most types of cancer, depending on the immune microenvironment inside cancer, and the key function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Based on multi-omics data from TCGA and GEO databases, we first performed pan-cancer analysis on TLR, including CNV, SNV, and mRNA changes in TLR-related genes in multiple human cancers, as well as patient prognosis characterization. Then, we divided melanoma patients into three subgroups (clusters 1, 2, and 3) according to the expression of the TLR pathway, and explored the correlation between TLR pathway and melanoma prognosis, immune infiltration, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogene expression characteristics. Finally, through univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO algorithm, we selected six TLR-related genes to construct a survival prognostic model, divided melanoma patients into the training set, internal validation set 1, internal validation set 2, and external validation set for multiple validations, and discussed the correlation between model genes and clinical features of melanoma patients. In conclusion, we constructed a prognostic survival model based on TLR-related genes that precisely and independently demonstrated the potential to assess the prognosis and immune traits of melanoma patients, which is critical for patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Ren W, Zhao L, Sun Y, Wang X, Shi X. HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors: potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:117. [PMID: 37667233 PMCID: PMC10478470 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein (alarmin) or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and mediate early inflammatory and immune response when it is translocated to the extracellular space. The binding of extracellular HMGB1 to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR2 and TLR4 transforms HMGB1 into a pro-inflammatory cytokine, contributing to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. TLRs, which are members of a family of pattern recognition receptors, can bind to endogenous DAMPs and activate the innate immune response. Additionally, TLRs are key signaling molecules mediating the immune response and play a critical role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune balance. HMGB1 and TLRs are reported to be upregulated in several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune thyroid disease. The expression levels of HMGB1 and some TLRs are upregulated in tissues of patients with autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmune diseases. The suppression of HMGB1 and TLRs inhibits the progression of inflammation in animal models. Thus, HMGB1 and TLRs are indispensable biomarkers and important therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review provides comprehensive strategies for treating or preventing autoimmune diseases discovered in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Cariati F, Carotenuto C, Bagnulo F, Pacella D, Marrone V, Paolillo R, Catania MR, Di Girolamo R, Conforti A, Strina I, Alviggi C. Endometrial microbiota profile in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients by culturomics-based analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1204729. [PMID: 37635964 PMCID: PMC10450216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1204729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is well recognized that the human uterus and adjoining tissues of the female reproductive tract exist in a non-sterile state where dysbiosis can impact reproductive outcomes. The endometrial microbiota is a part of this greater milieu. To date, it has largely been studied using 16S rRNA or metagenomics-based methodologies. Despite the known advantages of sequencing analysis, several difficulties have been noted including sample contamination and standardization of DNA extraction or sequencing. The aim of this study was to use a culturomics-based method to analyze the endometrial microbiota and correlate the results with ongoing pregnancy rates. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed at the University of Naples from June 2022 to December 2022. Ninety-three patients undergoing an IVF cycle with single embryo transfer (ET) (fresh or frozen) were enrolled in the study. Following ET, the catheter tip was inserted into brain heart infusion (BHI) medium under sterile conditions for culture. After 24h and 48h of incubation the microorganisms in the colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results Overall, 68 (73,92%) patients resulted positive for one or more microbes and 25 patients (26,08%) had no microbial growth. Across all participants, the four most important phyla were Firmicutes (87,76%), Proteobacteria (27,94%), Actinobacteria (10,29%) and Ascomycota (8,82%). Lactobacillus species, in particular, was significantly correlated with ongoing pregnancy rate (p=0,05). On the other hand, Staphylococcus subspecies (spp.) (p<0,05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p<0,001) were found to have a negative impact on the implantation rate. Discussion Detection of bacteria by culturomics from catheter tips used for embryo transfer has been shown to be a reliable method to detect pathogen growth. Endometrial microbiota testing in clinical practice could certainly offer a means to further improve diagnosis and treatment strategies in IVF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cariati
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Consolata Carotenuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnulo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marrone
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Girolamo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Strina
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Huang G, Yao D, Yan X, Zheng M, Yan P, Chen X, Wang D. Emerging role of toll-like receptors signaling and its regulators in preterm birth: a narrative review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:319-339. [PMID: 35916961 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite intensive research, preterm birth (PTB) rates have not decreased significantly in recent years due to a lack of understanding of the underlying causes and insufficient treatment options for PTB. We are committed to finding promising biomarkers for the treatment of PTB. METHODS An extensive search of the literature was conducted with MEDLINE/PubMed, and in total, 151 studies were included and summarized in the present review. RESULTS Substantial evidence supports that the infection and/or inflammatory cascade associated with infection is an early event in PTB. Toll-like receptor (TLR) is a prominent pattern recognition receptor (PRR) found on both immune and non-immune cells, including fetal membrane cells. The activation of TLR downstream molecules, followed by TLR binding to its ligand, is critical for infection and inflammation, leading to the involvement of the TLR signaling pathway in PTB. TLR ligands are derived from microbial components and molecules released by damaged and dead cells. Particularly, TLR4 is an essential TLR because of its ability to recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this comprehensive overview, we discuss the role of TLR signaling in PTB, focus on numerous host-derived genetic and epigenetic regulators of the TLR signaling pathway, and cover ongoing research and prospective therapeutic options for treating PTB by inhibiting TLR signaling. CONCLUSION This is a critical topic because TLR-related molecules and mechanisms may enable obstetricians to better understand the physiological changes in PTB and develop new treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Su B, Li R, Song F, Liu M, Sun X. S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in asthma mediated by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB)/early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6822-6833. [PMID: 37451839 PMCID: PMC10415557 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high morbidity rate in children and significantly impacts their healthy growth. It is reported that Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation and activated oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. S14G-humanin (HNG) is a derivative of Humanin with higher activity. The present study proposes to explore the potential treating property of HNG on asthma. An asthma model was constructed in mice using ovalbumin (OVA), the mice were treated with 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG for 16 days. Dramatically increased lung weight index, elevated number of monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils, promoted production of Th2 cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-13 (IL-13), and severe histological pathology were observed in OVA-challenged mice, all of which were extremely alleviated by 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG. Furthermore, the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and declined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in OVA-challenged mice were abolished by 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG. Lastly, the upregulated TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, and early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in lung tissues of OVA-challenged mice were pronouncedly downregulated by 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG. Collectively, our data suggested that HNG ameliorated airway inflammation in asthma partially due to NF-κB and Egr-1-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxing Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
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Paik S, Song GY, Jo EK. Ginsenosides for therapeutically targeting inflammation through modulation of oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110461. [PMID: 37331298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are steroid glycosides derived from ginseng plants such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Advances in recent studies have identified numerous physiological functions of each type of ginsenoside, i.e., immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions, in the context of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the single or combined ginsenoside(s) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, although it remains largely unclear. It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with pathological inflammation and cell death in a variety of cells, and that inhibition of ROS generation ameliorates the local and systemic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms by which ginsenosides attenuate inflammation are largely unknown; however, targeting ROS is suggested as one of the crucial mechanisms for the ginsenosides to control the pathological inflammation in the immune and non-immune cells. This review will summarize the latest progress in ginsenoside studies, particularly in the context of antioxidant mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory effects. A better understanding of the distinct types and the combined action of ginsenosides will pave the way for developing potential preventive and therapeutic modalities in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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Arjomandnejad M, Dasgupta I, Flotte TR, Keeler AM. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Gene Transfer. BioDrugs 2023; 37:311-329. [PMID: 36862289 PMCID: PMC9979149 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged as promising gene delivery vehicles resulting in three US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and one European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved AAV-based gene therapies. Despite being a leading platform for therapeutic gene transfer in several clinical trials, host immune responses against the AAV vector and transgene have hampered their widespread application. Multiple factors, including vector design, dose, and route of administration, contribute to the overall immunogenicity of AAVs. The immune responses against the AAV capsid and transgene involve an initial innate sensing. The innate immune response subsequently triggers an adaptive immune response to elicit a robust and specific response against the AAV vector. AAV gene therapy clinical trials and preclinical studies provide important information about the immune-mediated toxicities associated with AAV, yet studies suggest preclinical models fail to precisely predict the outcome of gene delivery in humans. This review discusses the contribution of the innate and adaptive immune response against AAVs, highlighting the challenges and potential strategies to mitigate these responses, thereby enhancing the therapeutic potential of AAV gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Arjomandnejad
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 386 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ishani Dasgupta
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 386 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Terence R Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 386 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Allison M Keeler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 386 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Wojtkowiak-Giera A, Derda M, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Kolasa A, Kot K, Walczykiewicz J, Solarczyk P, Kosik-Bogacka D. The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050631. [PMID: 37242301 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the recognition of numerous pathogens, including Acanthamoeba spp. Thanks to this, it is possible for immune cells to recognize microorganisms and trigger the body's innate immune response. The stimulation of TLRs also leads to the activation of specific immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in the skin of BALC/c mice infected with Acanthamoeba with AM22 strain isolated from a patient. Receptor expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the amoeba-infected host with normal (A) and reduced immunity (AS) as well as in the control host with normal immunity (C) and reduced immunity (CS). Statistical analysis of TLR2 gene expression in A and AS groups compared to C and CS groups, respectively, were statistically insignificant. In the A group, we found statistical upregulation of TLR4 gene expression at 8 dpi compared to the C group. While in AS group, TLR4 gene expression was at a similar level, such as in the CS group. Taking into account the host's immune status, the TLR4 gene expression was statistically higher in the skin of host from A group than in host from AS group at the beginning of the infection. Increased TLR4 gene expression in hosts with normal immunity infected with Acanthamoeba suggests the involvement of the studied receptor in the course of acanthamoebiasis. The above research results provide new data on the involvement of the studied receptor in the skin in the host's immune defense triggered during the Acanthamoeba infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Derda
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Walczykiewicz
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Solarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Pophali P, Desai SR, Shastri A. Therapeutic Targets in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms: Beyond Hypomethylating Agents. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2023; 18:56-67. [PMID: 37052811 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss novel targeted therapies under investigation for treatment of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). RECENT FINDINGS Over the last few years, results of phase 3 trials assessing novel therapies for high-risk MDS have been largely disappointing. Pevonedistat (NEDD-8 inhibitor) and APR-246 (TP53 reactivator) both did not meet trial endpoints. However, early phase trials of BCL-2, TIM3, and CD47 inhibitors have shown exciting data and are currently under phase 3 investigation. Moreover, combination of hypomethylating agents (HMA) with novel therapies targeting the mutational (IDH, FLT3, spliceosome complex) or immune (PD-1/PDL-1, TIM-3, IRAK-4) pathways are being investigated in early phase clinical trials and have shown adequate safety and promising efficacy. Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a group of hematopoietic neoplasms defined by cytopenias and morphological dysplasia. They are characterized by clonal proliferation of aberrant hematopoietic stem cells caused by recurrent genetic abnormalities. This leads to ineffective erythropoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, abnormal cell maturation, and a high risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative therapy; however, it is not a suitable option for majority patients due to their age, comorbidities, and the high rate of treatment-related complications. HMAs remain the only FDA-approved treatment option for high-risk MDS. Due to intolerance, primary, and secondary resistance to HMA, there is a large unmet need to develop new safe and effective therapies for patients with MDS. In this review, we focus on the current management strategies and novel therapies in development for treatment of high-risk MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Pophali
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudhamsh Reddy Desai
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aditi Shastri
- Department of Oncology, Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Montefiore Medical Center & Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Chanin 302A, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Huang X, Huang X, Huang Y, Zheng J, Lu Y, Mai Z, Zhao X, Cui L, Huang S. The oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases: friend or foe? J Transl Med 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 36949458 PMCID: PMC10031900 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is colonized by abundant and diverse microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. The oral cavity has more than 700 species of bacteria and consists of unique microbiome niches on mucosal surfaces, on tooth hard tissue, and in saliva. The homeostatic balance between the oral microbiota and the immune system plays an indispensable role in maintaining the well-being and health status of the human host. Growing evidence has demonstrated that oral microbiota dysbiosis is actively involved in regulating the initiation and progression of an array of autoimmune diseases.Oral microbiota dysbiosis is driven by multiple factors, such as host genetic factors, dietary habits, stress, smoking, administration of antibiotics, tissue injury and infection. The dysregulation in the oral microbiome plays a crucial role in triggering and promoting autoimmune diseases via several mechanisms, including microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, autoantigen overproduction, and amplification of autoimmune responses by cytokines. Good oral hygiene behaviors, low carbohydrate diets, healthy lifestyles, usage of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, oral microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine-based therapeutics are promising avenues for maintaining a balanced oral microbiome and treating oral microbiota-mediated autoimmune diseases. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and autoimmune diseases is critical for providing novel insights into the development of oral microbiota-based therapeutic approaches for combating these refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiangyu Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Kedlaya MN, Puzhankara L, Prasad R, Raj A. Periodontal Disease Pathogens, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics: The CRISPR-Cas Effect. CRISPR J 2023; 6:90-98. [PMID: 36939849 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is an immune-inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, which results in progressive destruction of the hard and soft tissues surrounding teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The primary etiological factor for this disease is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic bacteria face antagonistic conditions and foreign DNA components during the infection stage and depend on defense mechanisms such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas to counter them. Virulence genes regulated by the CRISPR-Cas system are often expressed by bacteria as part of the stress response to the presence of stress conditions and foreign elements. There is ever-growing evidence regarding the role of CRISPR-Cas in virulence of periodontal pathogens. The same CRISPR-Cas system may also be targeted to reduce bacterial virulence and it may also be utilized to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for prevention and control of PD progression. This review article describes the CRISPR-Cas systems in the periodontal dysbiotic microbial communities, their role in the virulence of periodontal pathogens, and their potential role in understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurya N Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rohit Prasad
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akshatha Raj
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Chen D, Wang H, Cai X. Curcumin interferes with sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via TLR1 inhibition. Rev Port Cardiol 2023; 42:209-221. [PMID: 36702348 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in sepsis and is characterized by reversible myocardial depression. However, the specific mechanisms responsible for myocardial injury in sepsis are not known. The present study used bioinformatic analysis to explore the possible mechanisms of sepsis-induced myocardial injury and the therapeutic potential of curcumin. METHODS The GSE125042 microarray gene expression matrix was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which includes 10 septic cardiomyocyte samples from cecum ligation perforation constructs and 10 sham-operated groups cardiomyocyte samples. Background correction and matrix data normalization were performed using the robust multiarray average algorithm. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening was performed using the Limma R package expression matrix, and whole gene analysis was performed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis R package to construct gene networks and identify modules. Enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis was performed on the genes to be selected. Construct cellular and animal models of myocardial injury in sepsis were assessed and the effects of curcumin on a rat or cardiac myocytes were observed. RESULTS A total of 2876 DEGs were screened based on the GSE125042 chip, of which 1424 genes were upregulated and 1452 genes were down regulated. WGCNA analysis of the whole genes was also performed and a total of 20 gene modules were generated. Among them, the selected TLR1 gene was present in the most strongly correlated Brown module. Enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs with the Brown module showed that they were significantly enriched in biological processes related to ribosomal protein complex generation, cellular components related to phagocytic vesicles and molecular functions related to Toll-like receptor binding, affecting cardiomyocyte survival as a target for molecular intervention in septic cardiomyopathy. Animal experiments showed that curcumin reduced inflammation levels, improved cardiac function and increased survival in rats with septic myocardial injury. Cellular experiments showed that curcumin increased the survival rate of lipopolysaccharide-treated cardiomyocytes and down regulated TLR1 expression and inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation in cells in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis revealed that curcumin interacted with TLR1 by hydrogen bonding and could be stably bound to inhibit the biological function of TLR1. CONCLUSION Our study shows that curcumin attenuates myocardial injury in sepsis by inhibiting TLR1 expression, which provides a molecular theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, China
| | - Xingjun Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, China.
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Brucella abortus induces mast cell activation through TLR-2 and TLR-4. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:106005. [PMID: 36717005 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacteria Brucella abortus is a major cause of brucellosis in animals and humans. The host innate immune response to B. abortus is mainly associated with phagocytic cells such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. However, as mast cells naturally reside in the main bacterial entry sites they may be involved in bacterial recognition. At present, little is known about the role of mast cells during B. abortus infection. The role of the innate immune receptors TLR2 and TLR4 in activation of mast cells by B. abortus (strain RB51) infection was analyzed in this study. The results showed that B. abortus did not induce mast cell degranulation, but did induce the synthesis of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5. Furthermore, B. abortus stimulated key cell signaling molecules involved in mast cell activation such as p38 and NF-κB. Blockade of the receptors TLR2 and TLR4 decreased TNF-α and IL-6 release by mast cells in response to B. abortus. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mast cells are activated by B. abortus and may play a role in inducing an inflammatory response during the initial phase of the infection.
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Shiny transcriptional junk: lncRNA-derived peptides in cancers and immune responses. Life Sci 2023; 316:121434. [PMID: 36706831 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
By interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to several pathological states. LncRNA-derived peptides, as a novel modality of action of lncRNAs, have recently become a research hotspot. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated the important role of these peptides in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and immune response. This review first describes lncRNA-derived peptides, the regulators that control their translation, and the roles of these peptides in multiple biological processes and disease states including cancers. In the following section, we comprehensively analyzed the significant role lncRNA-derived peptide played in the immune response. This review provides fresh perspectives on the biological role of lncRNAs and their relationship with diseases, particularly with cancers and the immune response, providing a theoretical basis for these lncRNA-derived peptides as therapeutic and diagnostic targets in cancers and inflammatory diseases.
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Fávaro WJ, Alonso JCC, de Souza BR, Reis IB, Gonçalves JM, Deckmann AC, Oliveira G, Dias QC, Durán N. New synthetic nano-immunotherapy (OncoTherad®) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Its synthesis, characterization and anticancer property. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:101988. [PMID: 36521234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-based intravesical immunotherapy has been applied as gold standard treatment for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for almost half a century. However, several patients with high-risk disease experience relapse, including those whose condition has worsened and who failed to respond to BCG. Non-significant therapeutic options have been developed for these at-risk patients, for many years. Immunotherapies have shown promising outcomes for bladder cancer treatment. Accordingly, our research group developed the OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI-1) immunotherapy, which has shown positive outcomes in NMIBC treatment. The aim of the current study is to describe, in details, the physicochemical features and potential action mechanisms of OncoTherad® nano-immunotherapy, based on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated interferon and on RANK/RANKL signaling pathways, in animal model with NMIBC. Based on the current findings, OncoTherad® nano-immunotherapy did not have genotoxic effect on the investigated model and did not show signs of limiting local and/or systemic toxicity at therapeutic doses. OncoTherad® nano-immunotherapy was more effective than the BCG treatment, since it reduced by 70% the malignancy rate. Furthermore, it was possible identifying an important action mechanism of OncoTherad®, which was based on the modulation of TLR4-mediated interferon and RANK/RANKL signaling pathways that, altogether, were essential to reduce malignancy rate. OncoTherad® mechanisms in these pathways helped preventing tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J C C Alonso
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Paulínia Municipal Hospital, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B R de Souza
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I B Reis
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Deckmann
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Oliveira
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Q C Dias
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy (LCURGIN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang J, Zao X, Zhang J, Guo Z, Jin Q, Chen G, Gan D, Du H, Ye Y. Is it possible to intervene early cirrhosis by targeting toll-like receptors to rebalance the intestinal microbiome? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109627. [PMID: 36577151 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver disease caused by one or more causes and characterized by diffuse fibrosis, pseudolobules, and regenerated nodules. Once progression to hepatic decompensation, the function of the liver and other organs is impaired and almost impossible to reverse and recover, which often results in hospitalization, impaired quality of life, and high mortality. However, in the early stage of cirrhosis, there seems to be a possibility of cirrhosis reversal. The development of cirrhosis is related to the intestinal microbiota and activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathways, which could regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, expression of the hepatomitogen epiregulin, and liver inflammation. Targeting regulation of intestinal microbiota and TLRs pathways could affect the occurrence and development of cirrhosis and its complications. In this paper, we first reviewed the dynamic change of intestinal microbiota and TLRs during cirrhosis progression. And further discussed the interaction between them and potential therapeutic targets to reverse early staged cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da'nan Gan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong'an Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Gao C, Gao S, Zhao X, Wang F, Wang H, Bian H, Qiang S, Wang X. Effects of dezocine on neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Minerva Med 2023; 114:130-132. [PMID: 33263374 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China -
| | - Shengrun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchun Bian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Song Qiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
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Yang H, Mou Y, Hu B. Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12938. [PMID: 36436202 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) can persistently colonize on the gastric mucosa after infection and cause gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia, and even gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Therefore, the detection and eradication of H. pylori are the prerequisite. RESULTS Clinically, there are some controversial issues, such as why H. pylori infection is persistent, why it translocases along with the lesser curvature of the stomach, why there is oxyntic antralization, what the immunological characteristic of gastric chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori is, whether H. pylori infection is associated with extra-gastric diseases, whether chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is reversible, and what the potential problems are after H. pylori eradication. What are the possible answers? CONCLUSION In the review, we will discuss these issues from the attachment to eradication in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Leśniak M, Lipniarska J, Majka P, Kopyt W, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. The Role of TRL7/8 Agonists in Cancer Therapy, with Special Emphasis on Hematologic Malignancies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020277. [PMID: 36851155 PMCID: PMC9967151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRR). TLR7 and the closely correlated TLR8 affiliate with toll-like receptors family, are located in endosomes. They recognize single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules and synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/RNA analogs-oligoribonucleotides. TLRs are primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. There is compiling evidence implying that TLRs also direct the formation of blood cellular components and make a contribution to the pathogenesis of certain hematopoietic malignancies. The latest research shows a positive effect of therapy with TRL agonists on the course of hemato-oncological diseases. Ligands impact activation of antigen-presenting cells which results in production of cytokines, transfer of mentioned cells to the lymphoid tissue and co-stimulatory surface molecules expression required for T-cell activation. Toll-like receptor agonists have already been used in oncology especially in the treatment of dermatological neoplastic lesions. The usage of these substances in the treatment of solid tumors is being investigated. The present review discusses the direct and indirect influence that TLR7/8 agonists, such as imiquimod, imidazoquinolines and resiquimod have on neoplastic cells and their promising role as adjuvants in anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leśniak
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Lipniarska
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Majka
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Kopyt
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Rab7l1 plays a role in regulating surface expression of toll like receptors and downstream signaling in activated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:125-133. [PMID: 36502628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are known for controlling intracellular membrane traffic in a GTP-dependent manner. Rab7l1, belonging to family of Rab GTPases, is important for both endosomal sorting and retrograde transport. In our previous study, we identified a novel role of Rab7l1 in phagosome maturation. However, its role in regulating macrophage innate-effector signaling and cytokine response is not clearly understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that upon treatment of Rab7l1-knocked-down (Rab7l1-KD) THP-1 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam3CSK4 has led to higher induction levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as compared to the control cells that received scrambled shRNA. Similar results were observed in Rab7l1-KD RAW 264.7 and Balb/c peritoneal macrophages. The phospho-ERK 1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and phospho-p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) levels, known to be responsible for higher induction of TNF-α and IL-10 respectively, were higher in Rab7l1-KD THP-1 macrophages which also displayed higher nuclear translocation of p50/p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) upon stimulation with LPS. Surface expression levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 and CD14 receptors were higher in Rab7l1-KD THP-1 macrophages as compared to the control cells. However, intracellular levels of these receptors were lower in Rab7l1-KD THP-1 macrophages as compared to the control group. Together, our study suggests that Rab7l1 has a role in regulating MAPK signaling and cytokine effector responses in macrophages by regulating the surface expression of membrane receptors.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of theaflavin-3'-gallate during influenza virus infection through regulating the TLR4/MAPK/p38 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 938:175332. [PMID: 36265612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe pathological damage caused by the influenza virus is one of the leading causes of death. However, the prevention and control strategies for influenza virus infection have certain limitations, and the exploration for new influenza antiviral drugs has become the major research direction. This study evaluated the antiviral activities of four theaflavin derivatives (TFs). Cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay revealed that theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2b) and theaflavin (TF1) could effectively inhibit the replication of influenza viruses H1N1-UI182, H1N1-PR8, H3N2, and H5N1, and TF2b exhibited the most significant antiviral activity in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of TF2b at 40 mg/kg/d effectively alleviated viral pneumonia, maintained body weight, and improved the survival rate of mice infected with a lethal dose of H1N1-UI182 to 55.56%. Hematological analysis of peripheral blood further showed that TF2b increased the number of lymphocytes and decreased the number of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in the blood of infected mice. RT-qPCR results showed that TF2b reduced the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), chemokines (CXCL-2 and CCL-3), and interferons (IFN-α and IFN-γ) after influenza virus infection. In addition, TF2b significantly down-regulated the expression levels of TLR4, p-p38, p-ERK, and cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10. These results suggest that TF2b not only significantly inhibits viral replication and proliferation in vitro, but also alleviates pneumonia injury in vivo. Its antiviral effect might be attributed to the down-regulation of influenza virus-induced inflammatory cytokines by regulating the TLR4/MAPK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Soraci L, Gambuzza ME, Biscetti L, Laganà P, Lo Russo C, Buda A, Barresi G, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F, Lorello G, Filippelli G, Marino S. Toll-like receptors and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathways in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Neurol 2023; 270:1346-1360. [PMID: 36460875 PMCID: PMC9971082 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor disturbances as a result of a complex and not fully understood pathogenesis, probably including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. As age is the main risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders including PD, progressive aging of the immune system leading to inflammaging and immunosenescence may contribute to neuroinflammation leading to PD onset and progression; abnormal α-syn aggregation in the context of immune dysfunction may favor activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NOD) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome within microglial cells through interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs). This process would further lead to activation of Caspase (Cas)-1, and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PC), with subsequent impairment of mitochondria and damage to dopaminergic neurons. All these phenomena are mediated by the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and enhanced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). To date, drugs to treat PD are mainly aimed at relieving clinical symptoms and there are no disease-modifying options to reverse or stop disease progression. This review outlines the role of the TLR/NLRP3/Cas-1 pathway in PD-related immune dysfunction, also focusing on specific therapeutic options that might be used since the early stages of the disease to counteract neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Elsa Gambuzza
- Territorial Office of Messina, Italian Ministry of Health, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Section of Neurology, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), 60121, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Laganà
- Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Department, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Lo Russo
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giada Barresi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lorello
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Polyclinic G Martino Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Greco G, Zeppa SD, Agostini D, Attisani G, Stefanelli C, Ferrini F, Sestili P, Fimognari C. The Anti- and Pro-Tumorigenic Role of Microbiota and Its Role in Anticancer Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010190. [PMID: 36612186 PMCID: PMC9818275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota physiologically and actively participates as a symbiont to a wide number of fundamental biological processes, such as absorption and metabolism of nutrients, regulation of immune response and inflammation; gut microbiota plays also an antitumor role. However, dysbiosis, resulting from a number of different situations-dysmicrobism, infections, drug intake, age, diet-as well as from their multiple combinations, may lead to tumorigenesis and is associated with approximately 20% of all cancers. In a diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and epidemiological perspective, it is clear that the bifaceted role of microbiota needs to be thoroughly studied and better understood. Here, we discuss the anti- and pro-tumorigenic potential of gut and other microbiota districts along with the causes that may change commensal bacteria from friend to foes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Greco
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Attisani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (C.F.)
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