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Xie Q, Li Q, Fang H, Zhang R, Tang H, Chen L. Gut-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Macrophage Modulation: Exploring Therapeutic Potentials in Pulmonary Fungal Infections. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08999-z. [PMID: 38965168 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, modulate immune cell functions, particularly macrophages. This review explores the potential therapeutic applications of SCFAs in pulmonary fungal infections, a critical concern due to their high mortality rates and antifungal resistance. SCFAs enhance macrophage functions by promoting phagosome-lysosome fusion, increasing reactive oxygen species production, and balancing cytokine responses. Pulmonary fungal infections, caused by pathogens like Aspergillus fumigatus, are prevalent in immunocompromised patients, including those with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and those on high-dose corticosteroids. SCFAs have shown promise in improving macrophage function in these contexts. However, the application of SCFAs must be balanced against potential side effects, including gut microbiota disruption and metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to optimize SCFA therapy for managing pulmonary fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qinhui Li
- Medical Services Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
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Liu M, Lu Y, Xue G, Han L, Jia H, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu P, Yang C, Zhou Y. Role of short-chain fatty acids in host physiology. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38940192 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major metabolites produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber, and they have garnered significant attention due to their close association with host health. As important mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, SCFAs serve as energy substrates for intestinal epithelial cells and maintain homeostasis in host immune and energy metabolism by influencing host epigenetics, activating G protein-coupled receptors, and inhibiting pathogenic microbial infections. This review provides a comprehensive summary of SCFAs synthesis and metabolism and offering an overview of the latest research progress on their roles in protecting gut health, enhancing energy metabolism, mitigating diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes, modulating the gut-brain axis and gut-lung axis, and promoting bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Stem Cell Storage Center, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yubo Lu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Xue
- Stem Cell Storage Center, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Han
- Prevention Health Section, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrical, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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Chen X, Zhang B, He J, Rui X, He T, Zhang L, Bao J, Jing Y, Cao F. Exploration of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Treatment of Gentamicin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2591-2605. [PMID: 38953095 PMCID: PMC11215974 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s462653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the decline of effective antibiotics lead to the urgent need for new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial peptides against gentamicin-resistant (RT) K. pneumoniae and to screen effective antimicrobial peptides. Methods In this study, the RT strains were induced by gradient gentamicin, and the RT strains were selected by detecting the expression levels of efflux pump genes, porin genes, and biofilm formation genes of the strains combined with their effects on the cells. Then the effects of four antimicrobial peptides on the efflux pump activity, biofilm formation level and cell condition after infection were detected to explore the effects of antimicrobial peptides on RT strains. Finally, the RT strain was used to induce a mouse model of pneumonia, and the four antimicrobial peptides were used to treat pneumonia mice for in vivo experiments. The pathological changes in lung tissues in each group were detected to explore the antimicrobial peptide with the most significant effect on the RT strain in vivo. Results The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the RT strains (strain C and strain I) were significantly higher than those of the wild-type strain, and the expression of efflux pump, porin and biofilm formation genes was significantly increased. The antimicrobial peptides could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation and efflux pump protein function of the RT strains. In addition, the antimicrobial peptides showed promising antibacterial effects both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion Our study provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of gentamicin resistant K. pneumoniae infection with antimicrobial peptides, and found that KLA was significantly superior to LL37, Magainin I, KLA and Dermaseptin (10 μg/mL in cells, 50 μg in mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benhong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Gongshu District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Yuhang Jiamu Nursing Home, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Department of Research, Nanxin Pharm, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jing
- Department of Function, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Futao Cao
- Department of Emergency, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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Hu L, Sun L, Yang C, Zhang DW, Wei YY, Yang MM, Wu HM, Fei GH. Gut microbiota-derived acetate attenuates lung injury induced by influenza infection via protecting airway tight junctions. J Transl Med 2024; 22:570. [PMID: 38879538 PMCID: PMC11179378 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota (GM) have been implicated as important regulators of gastrointestinal symptom which is commonly occurred along with respiratory influenza A virus (IAV) infection, suggesting the involvement of the gut-to-lung axis in a host's response to IAV. IAV primarily destroys airway epithelium tight junctions (TJs) and consequently causes acute respiratory disease syndrome. It is known that GM and their metabolism produce an anti-influenza effect, but their role in IAV-induced airway epithelial integrity remains unknown. METHODS A mouse model of IAV infection was established. GM were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were measured. GM depletion and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were conducted to validate the role of GM in IAV infection. A pair-feeding experiment was conducted to reveal whether IAV-induced GM dysbiosis is attributed to impaired food intake. Furthermore, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were cocultured with IAV in the presence or absence of acetate. TJs function was analyzed by paracellular permeability and transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER). The mechanism of how acetate affects TJs integrity was evaluated in HBE cells transfected with G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) short hairpin RNA (shRNA). RESULTS IAV-infected mice exhibited lower relative abundance of acetate-producing bacteria (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia) and decreased acetate levels in gut and serum. These changes were partly caused by a decrease in food consumption (due to anorexia). GM depletion exacerbated and FMT restored IAV-induced lung inflammatory injury. IAV infection suppressed expressions of TJs (occludin, ZO-1) leading to disrupted airway epithelial barrier function as evidenced by decreased TEER and increased permeability. Acetate pretreatment activated GPR43, partially restored IAV-induced airway epithelial barrier function, and reduced inflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Such protective effects of acetate were absent in HBE cells transfected with GPR43 shRNA. Acetate and GPR43 improved TJs in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrated that GM protected airway TJs by modulating GPR43-AMPK signaling in IAV-induced lung injury. Therefore, improving GM dysbiosis may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Ming Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
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Han D, Wang W, Gong J, Ma Y, Li Y. Microbiota metabolites in bone: Shaping health and Confronting disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28435. [PMID: 38560225 PMCID: PMC10979239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and bone health has become increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of skeletal well-being. Microbiota-derived metabolites play a crucial role in dynamic interaction, specifically in bone homeostasis. In this sense, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, indirectly promote bone formation by regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to increase the expression of osteoblast genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), thus enhancing osteogenic differentiation and bone quality through BMP/SMADs and Wnt signaling pathways. Remarkably, in the context of bone infections, the role of microbiota metabolites in immune modulation and host defense mechanisms potentially affects susceptibility to infections such as osteomyelitis. Furthermore, ongoing research elucidates the precise mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites influence bone cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Understanding the multifaceted influence of microbiota metabolites on bone, from regulating homeostasis to modulating susceptibility to infections, has the potential to revolutionize our approach to bone health and disease management. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of this evolving field, providing a holistic perspective on the impact of microbiota metabolites on bone health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Weijiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jinpeng Gong
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yupeng Ma
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
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Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Guo J, Wang L, Han N, Yuan C, Yin Y, Wang T, Sun J, Jin P, Liu Y, Jia Z. People are an organic unity: Gut-lung axis and pneumonia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27822. [PMID: 38515679 PMCID: PMC10955322 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
People are an organic unity. Every organ of our body doesn't exist alone. They are a part of our body and have important connections with other tissues or organs. The gut-lung axis is a typical example. Here, we reviewed the current research progress of the gut-lung axis. The main cross-talk between the intestine and lungs was sorted out, i.e. the specific interaction content contained in the gut-lung axis. We determine a relatively clear concept for the gut-lung axis, that is, the gut-lung axis is a cross-talk that the gut and lungs interact with each other through microorganisms and the immune system to achieve bidirectional regulation. The gut and lungs communicate with each other mainly through the immune system and symbiotic microbes, and these two pathways influence each other. The portal vein system and mesenteric lymphatics are the primary communication channels between the intestine and lungs. We also summarized the effects of pneumonia, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), on intestinal microbes and immune function through the gut-lung axis, and discussed the mechanism of this effect. Finally, we explored the value of intestinal microbes and the gut-lung axis in the treatment of pneumonia through the effect of intestinal microbes on pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Le Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ningxin Han
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Caiyun Yuan
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
| | - Yujie Yin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Jiemeng Sun
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
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Wu L, Chen L, Li H, Wang Y, Xu K, Chen W, Zhang A, Wang Y, Shi C. Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton mitigates whole abdominal irradiation-induced intestinal injury via regulating macrophage function. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad045. [PMID: 38444637 PMCID: PMC10914217 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intestinal injury is a major side effect and dose-limiting toxicity in patients receiving radiotherapy. There is an urgent need to identify an effective and safe radioprotectant to reduce radiation-induced intestinal injury. Immunoregulation is considered an effective strategy against IR-induced injury. The purpose of this article was to investigate the protective effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS), an immunomodulator, on radiation-induced intestinal damage and to explore its potential mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 J male mice exposed to 12 Gy whole abdominal irradiation (WAI) were examined for survival rate, morphology and function of the intestine and spleen, as well as the gut microbiota, to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effects of Nr-CWS on radiation-induced intestinal and splenetic injury. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Nr-CWS-mediated intestinal protection, macrophages were depleted by clodronate liposomes to determine whether Nr-CWS-induced radioprotection is macrophage dependent, and the function of peritoneal macrophages stimulated by Nr-CWS was detected in vitro. Results Our data showed that Nr-CWS promoted the recovery of intestinal barrier function, enhanced leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5+ intestinal stem cell survival and the regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells, maintained intestinal flora homeostasis, protected spleen morphology and function, and improved the outcome of mice exposed to 12 Gy WAI. Mechanistic studies indicated that Nr-CWS recruited macrophages to reduce WAI-induced intestinal damage. Moreover, macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes blocked Nr-CWS-induced radioprotection. In vitro, we found that Nr-CWS activated the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway and promoted the phagocytosis and migration ability of peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions Our study suggests the therapeutic effect of Nr-CWS on radiation-induced intestinal injury, and provides possible therapeutic strategy and potential preventive and therapeutic drugs to alleviate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- College of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
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Yang Y, Yang GW, Lu JJ, Chen HR, Guo YQ, Yang N, Zhu YZ, Liu XQ, Su TT, Liu YY, Yu L, Li YS, Hu LF, Li JB. Fabrication of levofloxacin-loaded porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and functional assessment in urinary tract infection. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38321555 PMCID: PMC10848372 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cystitis, a commonly occurring urinary tract infection (UTI), is renowned for its extensive prevalence and tendency to recur. Despite the extensive utilization of levofloxacin as a conventional therapeutic approach for bacterial cystitis, its effectiveness is impeded by adverse toxic effects, drug resistance concerns, and its influence on the gut microbiota. This study introduces Lev@PADM, a hydrogel with antibacterial properties that demonstrates efficacy in the treatment of bacterial cystitis. Lev@PADM is produced by combining levofloxacin with decellularized porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and exhibits remarkable biocompatibility. Lev@PADM demonstrates excellent stability as a hydrogel at body temperature, enabling direct administration to the site of infection through intravesical injection. This localized delivery route circumvents the systemic circulation of levofloxacin, resulting in a swift and substantial elevation of the antimicrobial agent's concentration specifically at the site of infection. The in vivo experimental findings provide evidence that Lev@PADM effectively prolongs the duration of levofloxacin's action, impedes the retention and invasion of E.coli in the urinary tract, diminishes the infiltration of innate immune cells into infected tissues, and simultaneously preserves the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These results indicate that, in comparison to the exclusive administration of levofloxacin, Lev@PADM offers notable benefits in terms of preserving the integrity of the bladder epithelial barrier and suppressing the recurrence of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Juan Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Sheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Fen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Li J, Zhang Q, Li X, Liu J, Wang F, Zhang W, Liu X, Li T, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Meng Y, Ma Y, Wang H. QingXiaoWuWei decoction alleviates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia in mice by regulating metabolic remodeling and macrophage gene expression network via the microbiota-short-chain fatty acids axis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0034423. [PMID: 37823635 PMCID: PMC10714818 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00344-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonizes the upper respiratory airways and is resistant to antibiotics. MRSA is a frequently acquired infection in hospital and community settings, including cases of MRSA-induced pneumonia. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the limited efficacy of antibiotics necessitate alternative strategies for preventing or treating the infection. QingXiaoWuWei decoction (QXWWD) protects against both gut microbiota dysbiosis and MRSA-induced pneumonia. Furthermore, the QXWWD-regulated metabolic remodeling and macrophage gene expression network contribute to its protective effects through the microbiota-short-chain fatty acid axis. The results of this study suggest that QXWWD and its pharmacodynamic compounds might have the potential to prevent and treat pulmonary infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the future treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases by manipulating gut microbiota and their metabolites via traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tiewei Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children’s Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yukun Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuheng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huanyun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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11
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Huang W. Alveolar macrophage modulation via the gut-lung axis in lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279677. [PMID: 38077401 PMCID: PMC10702770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated great potential implications for the gut-lung axis in lung disease etiology and treatment. The gut environment can be influenced by diet, metabolites, microbiotal composition, primary diseases, and medical interventions. These changes modulate the functions of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to shape the pulmonary immune response, which greatly impacts lung health. The immune modulation of AMs is implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, the mechanism of the gut-lung axis in lung diseases has not yet been determined. This mini-review aimed to shed light on the critical nature of communication between the gut and AMs during the development of pulmonary infection, injury, allergy, and malignancy. A better understanding of their crosstalk may provide new insights into future therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-AM interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weizhe Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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12
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Diwan B, Yadav R, Singh A, Kumar D, Sharma R. Murine sterile fecal filtrate is a potent pharmacological agent that exerts age-independent immunomodulatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophages. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37833682 PMCID: PMC10576334 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) is being considered a safer alternative to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy; however, its bioactive potency is very little understood. The present study thus assessed the age-dependent immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory attributes of murine SFF in vitro. METHODS SFF from young (Y-SFF) and old (O-SFF) Swiss albino mice were prepared. Immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects of SFF were evaluated in resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophage cells by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, inflammatory cytokines profile, as well as gene expression of oxidative and inflammatory transcription factors. SFF were also evaluated for native antioxidant capacity by measuring DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. Bioactive components present in SFF were also determined by GC/MS analysis. RESULTS Both Y-SFF and O-SFF induced potent immunostimulatory effects characterized by changes in cell morphology, a significant increase in NO production, ROS levels, and an increased ratio of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10) secretory proteins although no significant aggravation in the transcription of NF-κB and Nrf-2 could be observed. Application of LPS to cells significantly augmented a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory response which was much higher in comparison to Y-SFF or O-SFF application alone and mediated by strong suppression of Nrf-2 gene expression. Pre-treatment of macrophages with both Y-SFF and O-SFF robustly attenuated cellular hyperresponsiveness to LPS characterized by significantly decreased levels of NO, ROS, and inflammatory cytokines while a concomitant increase in anti-inflammatory protein (IL-10) was observed. Further, both Y-SFF and O-SFF strongly resisted LPS-induced downregulation of Nrf-2 expression although O-SFF appeared to protect cells slightly better from the overall LPS threat. Neat SFF samples exhibited moderate antioxidant capacity and GC/MS analysis of SFF revealed diverse volatile organic compounds characterized by alkanes, organosulphur compounds, furans, amides, amino acids, and antimicrobial elements. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that SFF is a potent stimulant of macrophages and confers strong anti-inflammatory effects regardless of donor age thereby suggesting its therapeutic efficacy in lieu of FMT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Diwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India.
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13
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Zhang L, Shi X, Qiu H, Liu S, Yang T, Li X, Liu X. Protein modification by short-chain fatty acid metabolites in sepsis: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171834. [PMID: 37869005 PMCID: PMC10587562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response due to infection. Dysregulated immunometabolism is fundamental to the onset of sepsis. Particularly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbes derived metabolites serving to drive the communication between gut microbes and the immune system, thereby exerting a profound influence on the pathophysiology of sepsis. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as key players in shaping protein function, offering novel insights into the intricate connections between metabolism and phenotype regulation that characterize sepsis. Accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that SCFAs can mediate various PTM-dependent mechanisms, modulating protein activity and influencing cellular signaling events in sepsis. This comprehensive review discusses the roles of SCFAs metabolism in sepsis associated inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders while highlights recent advancements in SCFAs-mediated lysine acylation modifications, such as substrate supplement and enzyme regulation, which may provide new pharmacological targets for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhui Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu J, Liu H, Liu H, Teng Y, Qin N, Ren X, Xia X. Live and pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila decrease susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice. J Adv Res 2023; 52:89-102. [PMID: 36996967 PMCID: PMC10555781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiome is vital for providing resistance against colonized pathogenicbacteria. Recently, specific commensal species have become recognized as important mediators of host defense against microbial infection by a variety of mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To examine the contribution of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila to defend against the intestinal pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium in a streptomycin-treated mouse model of infection. METHODS C57B6J mice were pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), live Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), and pasteurized A. muciniphila (pAKK) for two weeks, then mice were infected by S. Typhimurium SL 1344. 16S rRNA-based gut microbiota analysis was performed before and after infection. Bacterial counts in feces and tissues, histopathological analysis, gut barrier-related gene expression, and antimicrobial peptides were examined. Co-housing was performed to examine the role of microbiota in the change of susceptibility of mice to infection. RESULTS AKK and pAKK markedly decreased Salmonella fecal and systemic burdens and reduced inflammation during infection. Notably, further characterization of AKK and pAKK protective mechanisms revealed different candidate protective pathways. AKK promoted gutbarrier gene expression and the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and co-housing studies suggested that AKK-associated microbial community played a role in attenuating infection. Moreover, pAKK had a positive effect on NLRP3 in infected mice. We verified that pretreatment of pAKK could promote the expression of NLRP3, and enhance the antimicrobial activity of macrophage, likely through increasing the production of reactive oxygen (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that live or pasteurized A. muciniphila can be effective preventive measures for alleviating S. Typhimurium-induced disease, highlighting the potential of developing Akkermansia-based probiotics or postbiotics for the prevention of Salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yue Teng
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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15
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Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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16
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Zhang D, Jian YP, Zhang YN, Li Y, Gu LT, Sun HH, Liu MD, Zhou HL, Wang YS, Xu ZX. Short-chain fatty acids in diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:212. [PMID: 37596634 PMCID: PMC10436623 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of SCFAs is mediated by substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number of studies have implicated metabolites produced by microorganisms as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence on the host. SCFAs are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and represent a major carbon flux from the diet, that is decomposed by the gut microbiota. SCFAs play a vital role in multiple molecular biological processes, such as promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 by IECs to inhibit the elevation of blood glucose, increasing the expression of G protein-coupled receptors such as GPR41 and GPR43, and inhibiting histone deacetylases, which participate in the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation, and function of IECs. SCFAs affect intestinal motility, barrier function, and host metabolism. Furthermore, SCFAs play important regulatory roles in local, intermediate, and peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the major SCFAs, they are involved in the regulation of immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Herein, we review the diverse functional roles of this major class of bacterial metabolites and reflect on their ability to affect intestine, metabolic, and other diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yu-Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li-Ting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ming-Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hong-Lan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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17
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Guo M, Tian P, Li Q, Meng B, Ding Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Yu L, Li J. Gallium Nitrate Enhances Antimicrobial Activity of Colistin against Klebsiella pneumoniae by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0033423. [PMID: 37272820 PMCID: PMC10434156 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen of critical clinical concern, urgently demands effective therapeutic options owing to its drug resistance. Polymyxins are increasingly regarded as a last-line therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, polymyxin resistance in K. pneumoniae is an emerging issue. Here, we report that gallium nitrate (GaNt), an antimicrobial candidate, exhibits a potentiating effect on colistin against MDR K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. To further confirm this, we investigated the efficacy of combined GaNt and colistin in vitro using spot dilution and rapid time-kill assays and growth curve inhibition tests and in vivo using a murine lung infection model. The results showed that GaNt significantly increased the antimicrobial activity of colistin, especially in the iron-limiting media. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that bacterial antioxidant activity was repressed by GaNt, as revealed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), leading to intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in K. pneumoniae, which was enhanced in the presence of colistin. Therefore, oxidative stress induced by GaNt and colistin augments the colistin-mediated killing of wild-type cells, which can be abolished by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an effective ROS scavenger. Collectively, our study indicates that GaNt has a notable impact on the antimicrobial activity of colistin against K. pneumoniae, revealing the potential of GaNt as a novel colistin adjuvant to improve the treatment outcomes of bacterial infections. IMPORTANCE This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of GaNt combined with colistin against Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that by combining GaNt with colistin, antioxidant activity was suppressed and reactive oxygen species accumulation was induced in bacterial cells, enhancing antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae. We found that GaNt functioned as an antibiotic adjuvant when combined with colistin by inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Our study provides insight into the use of an adjuvant to boost the antibiotic potential of colistin for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Chaohu Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao Meng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yasheng Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Chaohu Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Liu X, Wu X, Wang S, Zhao Z, Jian C, Li M, Qin X. Microbiome and metabolome integrally reveal the anti-depression effects of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides from the perspective of gut homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125542. [PMID: 37355069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the active components of Cistanche deserticola (CD). Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides (CDPs) significantly regulate gut microbiota, immune activity, and neuroprotective functions. However, it merely scratches the surface that the anti-depression effects of CDPs. We aimed to demonstrate the anti-depression effects of CDPs and the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of gut homeostasis by behavioral evaluations and applying integrally microbiome, metabolome, and molecular biology. CDPs showed significant effects on improving abnormal behaviors of depressed rats. Additionally, CDPs maintained Th17/Treg balance and modulated gut immunity of depressed rats. Comprehensive microbiome and metabolome analysis showed that CDPs significantly ameliorated abundances of beneficial bacteria, and increased the contents of SCFAs, consequently maintaining gut homeostasis. Besides, the anti-depression effects of CDPs involved in amino acid metabolism including BCAAs, glutamine, etc., maintaining metabolic balance. The current findings provide not only deep understanding of depression focusing on gut, but also evidence about the anti-depression effects of CDPs, broadening clinic applications of CDPs. Of note, the present study is of significance in a long run, in terms of providing novel strategies and protocols for revealing mechanisms of anti-depression drugs, and for the discovery of new antidepressants and functional foods from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Tsujimoto K, Takamatsu H, Kumanogoh A. The Ragulator complex: delving its multifunctional impact on metabolism and beyond. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:28. [PMID: 37173755 PMCID: PMC10175929 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of lysosomes has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, from the view that they are static organelles primarily responsible for the disposal and recycling of cellular waste to their recognition as highly dynamic structures. Current research posits that lysosomes function as a signaling hub that integrates both extracellular and intracellular stimuli, thereby regulating cellular homeostasis. The dysregulation of lysosomal function has been linked to a wide range of diseases. Of note, lysosomes contribute to the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cellular metabolism. The Ragulator complex, a protein complex anchored on the lysosomal membrane, was initially shown to tether the mTORC1 complex to lysosomes. Recent research has substantially expanded our understanding of the roles of the Ragulator complex in lysosomes, including roles in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell migration, and the maintenance of homeostasis, via interactions with various proteins. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the diverse functions of the Ragulator complex, highlighting important protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang D, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Chen P, Tang J, Yang B, Li H, Liang M, Xue Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang X. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Correlates With Long COVID-19 at One-Year After Discharge. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e120. [PMID: 37069814 PMCID: PMC10111044 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recovered patients (RPs) is gradually recognized by more people. However, how long it will last and the underlining mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a prospective follow-up study to evaluate the long-term symptoms and clinical indices of RPs at one-year after discharge from Union Hospital, Wuhan, China between December 2020 to May 2021. We also performed the 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples from RPs and healthy controls (HCs) and analyzed the correlation between the gut microbiota and long COVID-19. RESULTS In total, 187 RPs were enrolled, among them, 84 (44.9%) RPs reported long COVID-19 symptoms at one-year after discharge. The most common long-term symptoms were cardiopulmonary symptoms, including chest tightness after activity (39/187, 20.9%), palpitations on exercise (27/187, 14.4%), sputum (21/187, 11.2%), cough (15/187, 8.0%) and chest pain (13/187, 7.0%), followed by systemic symptoms including fatigue (34/187, 18.2%) and myalgia (20/187, 10.7%), and digestive symptoms including constipation (14/187, 7.5%), anorexia (13/187, 7.0%), and diarrhea (8/187, 4.3%). Sixty-six (35.9%) RPs presented either anxiety or depression (42/187 [22.8%] and 53/187 [28.8%] respectively), and the proportion of anxiety or depression in the long symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic group (41/187 [50.6%] vs. 25/187 [24.3%]). Compared with the asymptomatic group, scores of all nine 36-Item Short Form General Health Survey domains were lower in the symptomatic group (all P < 0.05). One hundred thirty RPs and 32 HCs (non-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected subjects) performed fecal sample sequencing. Compared with HCs, symptomatic RPs had obvious gut microbiota dysbiosis including significantly reduced bacterial diversities and lower relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing salutary symbionts such as Eubacterium_hallii_group, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus, and Eubacterium_ventriosum_group. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Eubacterium_hallii_group, Subdoligranulum, and Ruminococcus showed decreasing tendencies between HCs, the asymptomatic group, and the symptomatic group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the presence of long COVID-19 which correlates with gut microbiota dysbiosis in RPs at one-year after discharge, indicating gut microbiota may play an important role in long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaya Zhou
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bohan Yang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyuan Liang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - YuE Xue
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianchu Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Klingensmith NJ, Coopersmith CM. Gut Microbiome in Sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:250-257. [PMID: 37010964 PMCID: PMC10061326 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The gut has been hypothesized to be the "motor" of multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. Although there are multiple ways in which the gut can drive systemic inflammation, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiome plays a more substantial role than previously appreciated. An English language literature review was performed to summarize the current knowledge of sepsis-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis. Conversion of a normal microbiome to a pathobiome in the setting of sepsis is associated with worsened mortality. Changes in microbiome composition and diversity signal the intestinal epithelium and immune system resulting in increased intestinal permeability and a dysregulated immune response to sepsis. Clinical approaches to return to microbiome homeostasis may be theoretically possible through a variety of methods including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbial transplant, and selective decontamination of the digestive tract. However, more research is required to determine the efficacy (if any) of targeting the microbiome for therapeutic gain. The gut microbiome rapidly loses diversity with emergence of virulent bacteria in sepsis. Restoring normal commensal bacterial diversity through various therapies may be an avenue to improve sepsis mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Nath S, Kitsios GD, Bos LDJ. Gut-lung crosstalk during critical illness. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:130-137. [PMID: 36762684 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Study of organ crosstalk in critical illness has uncovered complex biological communication between different organ systems, but the role of microbiota in organ crosstalk has received limited attention. We highlight the emerging understanding of the gut-lung axis, and how the largest biomass of the human body in the gut may affect lung physiology in critical illness. RECENT FINDINGS Disruption of healthy gut microbial communities and replacement by disease-promoting pathogens (pathobiome) generates a maladaptive transmitter of messages from the gut to the lungs, connected via the portal venous and the mesenteric lymphatic systems. Gut barrier impairment allows for microbial translocation (living organisms or cellular fragments) to the lungs. Host-microbiota interactions in the gut mucosa can also impact lung physiology through microbial metabolite secretion or host-derived messengers (hormones, cytokines or immune cells). Clinical examples like the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia by selective decontamination of the digestive tract show that the gut-lung axis can be manipulated therapeutically. SUMMARY A growing body of evidence supports the pathophysiological relevance of the gut-lung axis, yet we are only at the brink of understanding the therapeutic and prognostic relevance of the gut microbiome, metabolites and host-microbe interactions in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridesh Nath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Intensive Care
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (LEICA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xiao K, Sun Y, Song J, Li L, Mao W, Jiang C. Gut microbiota involved in myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105984. [PMID: 36638851 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is an important complication of sepsis and an important cause of death in sepsis patients. Sepsis will significantly change the composition of gut microbiota, and the destruction of gut microbiota also creates conditions for the occurrence and progression of sepsis. Gut microbiota is an important player in myocardial injury in sepsis. This review elaborates on the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota affecting myocardial injury in sepsis, including short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine and trimethylamine oxides, various cytokines, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding of the mechanism could help improve the treatment of sepsis and get a better prognosis for sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihao Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Women and Children' s Hospital, Zhuhai, 519060, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Women and Children' s Hospital, Zhuhai, 519060, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Women and Children' s Hospital, Zhuhai, 519060, China.
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Wu C, Yi H, Hu Y, Luo D, Tang Z, Wen X, Zhang Y, Tang M, Zhang L, Wu S, Chen M. Effects of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs on the intestinal microbiota of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1127916. [PMID: 37187470 PMCID: PMC10178494 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1127916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs on the composition and functions of intestinal microbiota in patients with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). Methods In this cross-sectional study, stool samples and relevant clinical information were collected from patients with RR-TB admitted to the Drug-resistant Specialty Department at Hunan Chest Hospital (Hunan Institute For Tuberculosis Control). The composition and functions of intestinal microbiota were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics methods. Results Altered structural composition of the intestinal microbiota was found when patients from the control, intensive phase treatment, and continuation phase treatment groups were compared (P<0.05). Second-line anti-TB treatment resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of species, such as Prevotella copri, compared with control treatment. However, the relative abundance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and 11 other conditionally pathogenic species increased significantly in the intensive phase treatment group. Based on differential functional analysis, some metabolism-related functions, such as the biosynthesises of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were significantly inhibited during second-line anti-TB drug treatment, while other functions, such as phenylalanine metabolism, were significantly promoted during the intensive phase of treatment. Conclusion Second-line anti-TB drug treatment caused changes in the structural composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with RR-TB. In particular, this treatment induced a significant increase in the relative abundance of 11 conditionally pathogenic species, including Escherichia coli. Functional analysis revealed significantly decreased biosynthesises of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and significantly increased phenylalanine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hengzhong Yi
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Hengzhong Yi,
| | - Yanmei Hu
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danlin Luo
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinmin Wen
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Tang
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Orthopedics and integration Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Wu
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sun W, Cui Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ding X, Liang H, Wang D, Sun Y, Liu S, Duan X, Lu Y, Sun T. Effects of Gabexate Mesylate on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics in Rats with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6581-6594. [PMID: 36506782 PMCID: PMC9733569 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s392060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. However, there is still no single drug that could reduce septic mortality. Previous studies have reported gabexate mesylate (GM) significantly reduced serum inflammatory factors, alleviated sepsis-induced lung injury and improved clinical outcomes. This study aimed to combine with microbiome sequencing and metabolomics analysis to explore the effects of GM administration in septic rats. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into the sham control (SC), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and GM injection (GM) groups. The mortality was measured and colonic feces were collected to examine the gut microbiota and metabolism 24 h after the procedure. The lung tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results We observed the relative abundance of Pygmaiobacter, which contributed to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promotion, Lactobacillus and Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 increased in the GM-treated rats, while Escherichia-Shigella and Akkermansia decreased compared to the sepsis-induced lung injury group. Furthermore, these 3 metabolites including Palmitoylethanolamide, Deoxycholic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid correlated significantly to CLP- and GM-rich genus (P < 0.05). Besides, the lung tissues of CLP group showed more severe inflammatory infiltration and edema, and the mortality rate in the CLP group (10/20) was significantly higher than in the SC group (0/20) (P < 0.001) and GM group (4/20) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings showed that GM attenuated sepsis-induced lung injury rats and regulated metabolites related to gut microbiota, which may provide an effective treatment for sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Sun
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuze Wang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoyan Liang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Sun
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xinyang Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Xinyang, 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Tongwen Sun, General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine,Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Wang W, Wang Z, Yang X, Song W, Chen P, Gao Z, Wu J, Huang F. Rhein ameliorates septic lung injury and intervenes in macrophage metabolic reprogramming in the inflammatory state by Sirtuin 1. Life Sci 2022; 310:121115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ming K, Zhuang S, Ma N, Nan S, Li Q, Ding M, Ding Y. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammatory lung injury by altering intestinal microbiota in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1033875. [PMID: 36386641 PMCID: PMC9640976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung injury is a common respiratory disease with limited therapeutic effects. Increasing opinions approved that prevention is more important than drug treatment for inflammatory lung injury. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) has multiple bioactivities including anti-inflammation and immunoregulation. However, its preventive effects on inflammatory lung injury remain unclear. In this study, mice were pretreated with APS via intragastric gavage and then were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to determine the role of APS in preventing lung injury. The results showed that APS pre-treatment improved the pathological changes of lung tissues, reduced the neutrophils infiltration, and inhibited the LPS-induced inflammation. Increasing evidence confirmed the close relationship between intestinal microbiota and lung inflammatory response. 16S rRNA analysis showed that APS treatment changed the microbiota composition in colon, increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genus such as Oscillospira, Akkermansia, and Coprococcus. Also, APS treatment significantly increased the serum concentrations of SCFAs including butyrate and propionate, and their anti-inflammation effects were demonstrated on mice primary alveolar macrophages. Our data confirmed the preventive effects of APS on LPS-induced lung injury, which were partly contributed by the alteration of intestinal microbiota composition and the resulting increase of serum SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang XH, Xu DQ, Chen YY, Yue SJ, Fu RJ, Huang L, Tang YP. Traditional Chinese Medicine: A promising strategy to regulate inflammation, intestinal disorders and impaired immune function due to sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952938. [PMID: 36188532 PMCID: PMC9523403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is described as a dysregulation of the immune response to infection, which leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. The interaction between intestinal microbiota and sepsis can’t be ignored. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota may regulate the progress of sepsis and attenuate organ damage. Thus, maintaining or restoring microbiota may be a new way to treat sepsis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) assumes a significant part in the treatment of sepsis through multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-targeting abilities. Moreover, TCM can prevent the progress of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis by improving the imbalance of intestinal microbiota, improving immunity and reducing the damage to the intestinal barrier. This paper expounds the interaction between intestinal microbiota and sepsis, then reviews the current research on the treatment of sepsis with TCM, to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
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29
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Shute A, Bihan DG, Lewis IA, Nasser Y. Metabolomics: The Key to Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Visceral Pain Neurotransmission. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917197. [PMID: 35812241 PMCID: PMC9260117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting disease of the gastrointestinal tract, presenting with chronic inflammation, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal pain. Up to 80% of patients suffering from IBD experience acute pain, which dissipates when the underlying inflammation and tissue damage resolves. However, despite achieving endoscopic remission with no signs of ongoing intestinal inflammation or damage, 30–50% of IBD patients in remission experience chronic abdominal pain, suggesting altered sensory neuronal processing in this disorder. Furthermore, effective treatment for chronic pain is limited such that 5–25% of IBD outpatients are treated with narcotics, with associated morbidity and mortality. IBD patients commonly present with substantial alterations to the microbial community structure within the gastrointestinal tract, known as dysbiosis. The same is also true in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic disorder characterized by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, in the absence of inflammation. An emerging body of literature suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in visceral hypersensitivity. Specific microbial metabolites have an intimate relationship with host receptors that are highly expressed on host cell and neurons, suggesting that microbial metabolites play a key role in visceral hypersensitivity. In this review, we will discuss the techniques used to analysis the metabolome, current potential metabolite targets for visceral hypersensitivity, and discuss the current literature that evaluates the role of the post-inflammatory microbiota and metabolites in visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shute
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique G. Bihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian A. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Yasmin Nasser,
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30
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Targeting the Pulmonary Microbiota to Fight against Respiratory Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050916. [PMID: 35269538 PMCID: PMC8909000 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system of the respiratory tract possesses an effective “defense barrier” against the invading pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, the lungs of healthy organisms are considered to be sterile for a long time according to the strong pathogens-eliminating ability. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technology has accelerated the studies about the microbial communities and immune regulating functions of lung microbiota during the past two decades. The acquisition and maturation of respiratory microbiota during childhood are mainly determined by the birth mode, diet structure, environmental exposure and antibiotic usage. However, the formation and development of lung microbiota in early life might affect the occurrence of respiratory diseases throughout the whole life cycle. The interplay and crosstalk between the gut and lung can be realized by the direct exchange of microbial species through the lymph circulation, moreover, the bioactive metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and lung microbiota can be changed via blood circulation. Complicated interactions among the lung microbiota, the respiratory viruses, and the host immune system can regulate the immune homeostasis and affect the inflammatory response in the lung. Probiotics, prebiotics, functional foods and fecal microbiota transplantation can all be used to maintain the microbial homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and lung microbiota. Therefore, various kinds of interventions on manipulating the symbiotic microbiota might be explored as novel effective strategies to prevent and control respiratory diseases.
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31
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Machado MG, Patente TA, Rouillé Y, Heumel S, Melo EM, Deruyter L, Pourcet B, Sencio V, Teixeira MM, Trottein F. Acetate Improves the Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Alveolar Macrophages via NLRP3 Inflammasome and Glycolysis-HIF-1α Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773261. [PMID: 35126390 PMCID: PMC8810543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced mainly by the gut microbiota with a known role in immune regulation. Acetate, the major SCFA, is described to disseminate to distal organs such as lungs where it can arm sentinel cells, including alveolar macrophages, to fight against bacterial intruders. In the current study, we explored mechanisms through which acetate boosts macrophages to enhance their bactericidal activity. RNA sequencing analyses show that acetate triggers a transcriptomic program in macrophages evoking changes in metabolic process and immune effector outputs, including nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, acetate enhances the killing activity of macrophages towards Streptococcus pneumoniae in an NO-dependent manner. Mechanistically, acetate improves IL-1β production by bacteria-conditioned macrophages and the latter acts in an autocrine manner to promote NO production. Strikingly, acetate-triggered IL-1β production was neither dependent of its cell surface receptor free-fatty acid receptor 2, nor of the enzymes responsible for its metabolism, namely acetyl-CoA synthetases 1 and 2. We found that IL-1β production by acetate relies on NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of HIF-1α, the latter being triggered by enhanced glycolysis. In conclusion, we unravel a new mechanism through which acetate reinforces the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gomes Machado
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Severine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eliza Mathias Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Pourcet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1011 – European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: François Trottein,
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Sun X, Wang D, Wei L, Ding L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Kong Y, Yang J, Sun L, Sun L. Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti- Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:791466. [PMID: 34950611 PMCID: PMC8688933 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed the presence in animals of a bidirectional regulatory “lung-gut axis” that provides resistance to respiratory infections. Clues to the existence of this system stem from observations that respiratory infections are often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, whereby intestinal microbiota appear to play pivotal roles in combating pathogenic infections. Importantly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota appear to serve as the biological link between host immune defenses and gut flora. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn), the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections, is involved in more than 1.189 million deaths per year. QingFei Yin (QFY) is known for its excellent therapeutic efficacy in combating bacterial lung infections. In this study, effects of S.pn infection on gut homeostasis were assessed using 16S RNA-based microbiota community profiling analysis. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying QFY recipe beneficial therapeutic effects against bacterial pneumonia were explored using S.pn-infected gut microbiota-depleted mice. Results of data analysis indicated that QFY treatment alleviated lung infection-associated pathogenic processes, while also promoting repair of disordered gut flora and counteracting S.pn infection-associated decreases in levels of SCFAs, particularly of acetate and butyrate. Mechanistically, QFY treatment suppressed inflammatory lung injury through inhibition of the host NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway. These results inspired us to identify precise QFY targets and mechanisms underlying QFY anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, we conducted an in-depth evaluation of QFY as a potential treatment for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China., Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhong Ding
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yibu Kong
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China., Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Genomic and metabolic features of the Lactobacillus sakei JD10 revealed potential probiotic traits. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126954. [PMID: 34973546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria that inhabit in the lung play important roles in maintaining the microbiome balance by interacting with the host immune system. Numerous metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide) produced by Lactobacillus sakei possess a special inhibitory spectrum against invading pathogens. In this research, the whole genome of L. sakei JD10 strain isolated from the porcine lung was sequenced and investigated. The whole size of the L. sakei JD10 chromosome was 1,989,921 bp, which encoded a total of 1951 predicted genes. Genome analyses revealed that many genes encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were predicted, which were responsible for the carbohydrate degradation and short chain fatty acids production. The metabolic profiles of short chain fatty acids in the L. sakei JD10 culture medium were measured by GC/TOFMS, and their regulatory effects on bacterial phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells were also determined. The bacteriocin-producing genes of the L. sakei JD10 genome were also predicted, and a bacteriocin gene encoding carnocin was characterized and its molecular structure was analyzed. Two CRISPR-Cas system related genes were identified from the L. sakei JD10 genome, revealed that precise and efficient genome editing technologies could be applied for genetic engineering-manipulation. In all, investigation on the genomic features and metabolic features of L. sakei JD10 showed the potential probiotic traits to fight against pathogenic infection and regulate the host immune function.
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Butyrate Inhibits Osteoclast Activity In Vitro and Regulates Systemic Inflammation and Bone Healing in a Murine Osteotomy Model Compared to Antibiotic-Treated Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8817421. [PMID: 34924815 PMCID: PMC8683197 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8817421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota have previously been demonstrated to play a role in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases and to be key mediators in the gut-bone signaling axis. However, the role of SCFAs in bone fracture healing and its impact on systemic inflammation during the regeneration process has not been extensively investigated yet. The aim of this study was to first determine the effects of the SCFA butyrate on key cells involved in fracture healing in vitro, namely, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and second, to assess if butyrate supplementation or antibiotic therapy impacts bone healing, systemic immune status, and inflammation levels in a murine osteotomy model. Butyrate significantly reduced osteoclast formation and resorption activity in a dose-dependent manner and displayed a trend for increased calcium deposits in MSC cultures. Numerous genes associated with osteoclast differentiation were differentially expressed in osteoclast precursor cells upon butyrate exposure. In vivo, antibiotic-treated mice showed reduced SCFA levels in the cecum, as well as a distinct gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, circulating proinflammatory TNFα, IL-17a, and IL-17f levels, and bone preserving osteoprotegerin (OPG), were increased in antibiotic-treated mice compared to controls. Antibiotic-treated mice also displayed a trend towards delayed bone healing as revealed by reduced mineral apposition at the defect site and higher circulating levels of the bone turnover marker PINP. Butyrate supplementation resulted in a lower abundance of monocyte/macrophages in the bone marrow, as well as reduced circulating proinflammatory IL-6 levels compared to antibiotic- and control-treated mice. In conclusion, this study supports our hypothesis that SCFAs, in particular butyrate, are important contributors to successful bone healing by modulating key cells involved in fracture healing as well as systemic inflammation and immune responses.
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35
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Peng LY, Shi HT, Tan YR, Shen SY, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Fu BD. Baicalin inhibits APEC-induced lung injury by regulating gut microbiota and SCFA production. Food Funct 2021; 12:12621-12633. [PMID: 34821232 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is a plant-derived flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with multiple bioactivities and has a protective effect against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection. However, the underlying mechanism of baicalin against APEC infection is still unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether the protective effects and mechanisms of baicalin on APEC-induced lung inflammation were related to the regulation of gut microbiota. The results showed that baicalin significantly reduced APEC colonization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and additionally recovered air-blood barrier integrity in the lungs after APEC challenge. However, depletion of gut microbiota significantly weakened the protective effects of baicalin against APEC infection as mentioned above. Furthermore, baicalin markedly restored the dysbiosis of gut microbiota induced by APEC as well as increased the abundance of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the production of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, especially acetic acid. In addition, the concentrations of acetic acid and its receptor free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) were significantly upregulated in the lung tissues after baicalin treatment. In conclusion, gut microbiota played a key role in the pharmacological action of baicalin against APEC-induced lung inflammation. Baicalin remodeled the dysbiosis of gut microbiota caused by APEC and increased the production of SCFAs, especially acetic acid in the gut, and then the increased acetate may circulate to the lungs to activate FFAR2 to defend APEC infection. Together, our study suggested that baicalin inhibited APEC infection through remodeling the gut microbiota dysbiosis and increasing the SCFA production. Furthermore, baicalin may serve as an alternative antibiotic and a novel therapeutic drug to prevent or treat APEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Si-Yang Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in sepsis pathogenesis and outlines the potential role of microbiota-targeted therapies. RECENT FINDINGS The composition of the gut microbiome is profoundly distorted during sepsis, with a loss of commensal bacteria and an overgrowth of potential pathogenic micro-organisms. These alterations also extend to nonbacterial intestinal inhabitants. Disruptions of these intestinal communities are associated with both an increased susceptibility to develop sepsis, as well as a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Preclinical studies have characterized the effects of several microbiota-derived metabolites (such as D-lactate, butyrate, and deoxycholic acid) on enhancing the host immune response during critical illness. Microbiota-targeted therapies (e.g. probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation) might be of benefit, but can also be associated with increased risks of bloodstream infections. SUMMARY Emerging evidence display an important role of gut micro-organisms (including bacteria, fungi, eukaryotic viruses, and bacteriophages) and their derived metabolites in both the susceptibility to, as well as outcomes of sepsis. Despite recent progress in the mechanistic understanding of microbiota-mediated protection, clinical breakthroughs in the development of microbiota-based prognostic tools or therapies are thus far lacking in the field of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F J Kullberg
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM)
- Microbiota Center Amsterdam
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM)
- Microbiota Center Amsterdam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM)
- Microbiota Center Amsterdam
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37
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Niu M, Chen P. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and sepsis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab036. [PMID: 34712743 PMCID: PMC8547143 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an overwhelming inflammatory response to microbial infection. Sepsis management remains a clinical challenge. The role of the gut microbiome in sepsis has gained some attention. Recent evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota regulate host physiological homeostasis mediators, including the immune system, gut barrier function and disease susceptibility pathways. Therefore, maintenance or restoration of microbiota and metabolite composition might be a therapeutic or prophylactic target against critical illness. Fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation of probiotics are microbiota-based treatment methods that are somewhat limited in terms of evidence-based efficacy. This review focuses on the importance of the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal ecosystem and sepsis to highlight novel microbiota-targeted therapies to improve the outcomes of sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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38
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Tan CY, Ramirez ZE, Surana NK. A Modern-World View of Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1710-1718. [PMID: 34544813 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-the diverse set of commensal microbes that normally colonize humans-represents the first line of defense against infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates susceptibility to, and severity of, infections, with a focus on immunological mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight some of the ways that modern-world lifestyles have influenced the structure-function relationship between the microbiota and infectious diseases. Ultimately, understanding how the microbiota influences infectious risks will facilitate development of microbiota-derived therapeutics that bolster host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yee Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; and
| | - Zeni E Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; and
| | - Neeraj K Surana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; and.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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39
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Zang D, Zhang M, Li X, Liu D, Gao B, Zhou H, Sun J, Han X, Lin M, Chen J. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720842. [PMID: 34490119 PMCID: PMC8417127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of microbiota on host health and disease has attracted adequate attention, and gut microbiota components and microbiota-derived metabolites affect host immune homeostasis locally and systematically. Some studies have found that gut dysbiosis, disturbance of the structure and function of the gut microbiome, disrupts pulmonary immune homeostasis, thus leading to increased disease susceptibility; the gut-lung axis is the primary cross-talk for this communication. Gut dysbiosis is involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of lung cancer through genotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and defective immunosurveillance. In addition, the gut microbiome harbors the potential to be a novel biomarker for predicting sensitivity and adverse reactions to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can enhance the efficacy and depress the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by regulating the gut microbiota. Although current studies have found that gut microbiota closely participates in the development and immunotherapy of lung cancer, the mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing carcinogenesis and immunotherapy in lung cancer and to provide new strategies for governing gut microbiota to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinzhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meixi Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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40
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Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value of MEX3A and Its Relationship with Immune Infiltrates in Ovarian Cancer. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5574176. [PMID: 34189143 PMCID: PMC8195639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MEX3A is a critical RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase that is upregulated in various types of cancer. However, the correlations of MEX3A with prognosis and its molecular mechanism in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unclear. The expression level, prognostic values, and the genetic variations of MEX3A were analyzed via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and cBioPortal. We used the LinkedOmics database to investigate the functions of MEX3A coexpressed genes and performed visualizing gene interaction network analysis on the GeneMANIA website. The correlations between MEX3A and cancer immune infiltration were analyzed by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site and the TISIDB database. Furthermore, in vitro analysis was performed to evaluate the biological functions of MEX3A in OC cells. Our study showed that the expression of the MEX3A in OC was higher than in normal tissues; it had the greatest prognostic value in OC, and strong physical interaction with PABPC1, LAMTOR2, KHDRBS2, and IGF2BP2, which indicated the association between MEX3A and immune infiltration. We also found that MEX3A was negatively related to infiltrating levels of several types of immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that MEX3A promotes proliferation and migration in OC cells. Taken together, MEX3A might influence the biological functions of OC cells by regulating the immune infiltration in the microenvironment as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target.
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Qi X, Zhang L, Xu J, Tao Z, Wang X, Qiu Y, Pan T, Liu Z, Qu H, Tan R, Liu J. Association of Increased Circulating Acetic Acid With Poor Survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:669409. [PMID: 33996639 PMCID: PMC8117141 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.669409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously found that microbial disruption in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (PA-VAP) patients are long-lasting. Long-term microbial dysbiosis may lead to changes in metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial fermentation products and show beneficial effects in patients with pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between circulating SCFA levels and clinical outcomes in patients with PA-VAP. Methods In this study, we analyzed SCFAs in the serum of 49 patients with PA-VAP by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Twenty of these patients died, and 29 survived. The correlation between serum SCFAs and patient survival and immune parameters was analyzed. Results We developed a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model to examine differential SCFAs in 49 patients with PA-VAP. Among the seven SCFAs, only acetic acid was increased in non-survivors (P = 0.031, VIP > 1). Furthermore, high levels of acetic acid (>1.96ug/ml) showed increased 90-day mortality compared to low levels of acetic acid (<1.96ug/ml) in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses (P = 0.027). Increased acetic acid also correlated with reduced circulating lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Conclusion Our study showed that increased circulating acetic acid is associated with 90-day mortality in PA-VAP patients. The decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes might be affected by acetic acid and involved in the poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheying Tao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Carvalho AL, Hedrich CM. The Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriatic Arthritis-The Complex Interplay Between Genetic Predisposition, Epigenetics Factors, and the Microbiome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:662047. [PMID: 33869291 PMCID: PMC8047476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.662047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a symmetric autoimmune/inflammatory disease that primarily affects the skin. In a significant proportion of cases, it is accompanied by arthritis that can affect any joint, the spine, and/or include enthesitis. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactor disorders characterized by aberrant immune responses in genetically susceptible individuals in the presence of additional (environmental) factors, including changes in microbiota and/or epigenetic marks. Epigenetic changes can be heritable or acquired (e.g., through changes in diet/microbiota or as a response to therapeutics) and, together with genetic factors, contribute to disease expression. In psoriasis, epigenetic alterations are mainly related to cell proliferation, cytokine signaling and microbial tolerance. Understanding the complex interplay between heritable and acquired pathomechanistic factors contributing to the development and maintenance of psoriasis is crucial for the identification and validation of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, and the introduction of individualized effective and tolerable new treatments. This review summarizes the current understanding of immune activation, genetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Particular focus is on the interactions between these factors to propose a multifactorial disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Carvalho
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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