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Bird MB, Roach MH, Nelson RG, Helton MS, Mauntel TC. A machine learning framework to classify musculoskeletal injury risk groups in military service members. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1420210. [PMID: 39149163 PMCID: PMC11325721 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1420210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are endemic in military populations. Thus, it is essential to identify and mitigate MSKI risks. Time-to-event machine learning models utilizing self-reported questionnaires or existing data (e.g., electronic health records) may aid in creating efficient risk screening tools. Methods A total of 4,222 U.S. Army Service members completed a self-report MSKI risk screen as part of their unit's standard in-processing. Additionally, participants' MSKI and demographic data were abstracted from electronic health record data. Survival machine learning models (Cox proportional hazard regression (COX), COX with splines, conditional inference trees, and random forest) were deployed to develop a predictive model on the training data (75%; n = 2,963) for MSKI risk over varying time horizons (30, 90, 180, and 365 days) and were evaluated on the testing data (25%; n = 987). Probability of predicted risk (0.00-1.00) from the final model stratified Service members into quartiles based on MSKI risk. Results The COX model demonstrated the best model performance over the time horizons. The time-dependent area under the curve ranged from 0.73 to 0.70 at 30 and 180 days. The index prediction accuracy (IPA) was 12% better at 180 days than the IPA of the null model (0 variables). Within the COX model, "other" race, more self-reported pain items during the movement screens, female gender, and prior MSKI demonstrated the largest hazard ratios. When predicted probability was binned into quartiles, at 180 days, the highest risk bin had an MSKI incidence rate of 2,130.82 ± 171.15 per 1,000 person-years and incidence rate ratio of 4.74 (95% confidence interval: 3.44, 6.54) compared to the lowest risk bin. Conclusion Self-reported questionnaires and existing data can be used to create a machine learning algorithm to identify Service members' MSKI risk profiles. Further research should develop more granular Service member-specific MSKI screening tools and create MSKI risk mitigation strategies based on these screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Bird
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States
- Department of Clinical Investigations, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC, United States
| | - Megan H Roach
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States
- Department of Clinical Investigations, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roberts G Nelson
- Artificial Intelligence Integration Center, Army Futures Command, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew S Helton
- U.S. Army, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Timothy C Mauntel
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States
- Department of Clinical Investigations, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Ren L, Wang Y, Li K. Real-time sports injury monitoring system based on the deep learning algorithm. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38789963 PMCID: PMC11127435 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the low real-time performance and accuracy of traditional sports injury monitoring, this article conducts research on a real-time injury monitoring system using the SVM model as an example. Video detection is performed to capture human movements, followed by human joint detection. Polynomial fitting analysis is used to extract joint motion patterns, and the average of training data is calculated as a reference point. The raw data is then normalized to adjust position and direction, and dimensionality reduction is achieved through singular value decomposition to enhance processing efficiency and model training speed. A support vector machine classifier is used to classify and identify the processed data. The experimental section monitors sports injuries and investigates the accuracy of the system's monitoring. Compared to mainstream models such as Random Forest and Naive Bayes, the SVM utilized demonstrates good performance in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, reaching 94.2%, 92.5%, and 96.0% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Kaiyong Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
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Edouard P, Tondut J, Hollander K, Dandrieux PE, Navarro L, Bruneau A, Junge A, Blanco D. Risk factors for injury complaints leading to restricted participation in Athletics (Track and Field): a secondary analysis of data from 320 athletes over one season. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001718. [PMID: 38089679 PMCID: PMC10711822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if several potential risk factors were associated with time to injury complaints leading to participation restriction in Athletics (ICPR). METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data collected during 39 weeks of the 2017-2018 Athletics season in a cluster-randomised controlled trial ('PREVATHLE'). Univariate and multivariable analyses using Cox regression models were performed to analyse the association between the time to first ICPR and potential risk factors collected (1) at baseline: sex, age, height, body mass, discipline, the usual duration of Athletics training and non-specific sports training, ICPR in the preceding season (yes/no), ICPR at baseline (yes/no); (2) weekly during the season: duration and intensity of Athletics training and competition, and non-specific sports training, fitness subjective state, sleep duration and illness (yes/no); and (3) combined. RESULTS Data from 320 athletes were included; 138 (43.1%) athletes reported at least one ICPR during the study follow-up. The combined multivariable analyses revealed that the risk of ICPR at any given time was significantly higher in athletes with a pre-existing ICPR (hazard rate ratio, HRR 1.90, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.15; p=0.012) and lower in athletes with a higher fitness subjective state (HRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73; p<0.001) and who had had at least one illness during the season (HRR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.62; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into injury risk factors in Athletics that could help with potential injury risk reduction strategies. These could be to explore the pre-existing injury presence at the season's beginning and to monitor the fitness subjective state and illnesses occurrence during the season. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03307434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Tondut
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Navarro
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Blanco
- Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, San Cugat del Valles, Spain
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Li P, Zhou J. Application of plastic conjugated materials in the repair of sports injury. Front Chem 2023; 11:1273726. [PMID: 37850029 PMCID: PMC10577168 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1273726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For professional athletes or fitness crowd who often participate in sports, sports injury are more common. However, the traditional repair materials for sports injury have many problems, such as long recovery period and poor repair effect. In recent years, many studies have found that conjugated materials have good stability, small side effects and other excellent characteristics, and conjugated materials are used in sports injury repair materials. In order to study the repair effect of conjugated materials on sports injury tissues, this paper prepared nitrogen porphyrin conjugated organic skeleton materials with pyrrole and p-benzaldehyde as substrates, used chemical synthesis and selective laser sintering technology to form plastic conjugated scaffold materials with polyvinyl alcohol, polylactide and conjugated materials, and established mechanical properties and constitutive formula to evaluate the performance characteristics of repair materials. In order to test the effect of plastic conjugated materials on sports injury, experiments were carried out from the aspects of degradability, mechanical properties of repair materials, repair effect of radius defect and new bone formation area. Experimental data: The proportion of newly formed bone area at weeks 3, 6, and 9 using this method was 32%, 52%, and 68%, while the proportion of newly formed bone area at weeks 3, 6, and 9 using traditional methods was 12%, 18%, and 23%, indicating that this method had better bone repair effects than traditional methods. The research in this paper provided a new idea for the application of plastic conjugated materials in the field of sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Graduate School of Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jihe Zhou
- Graduate School of Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
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Chan JSK, Lee YHA, Hui JMH, Liu K, Dee EC, Ng K, Liu T, Tse G, Ng CF. Long-term prognostic impact of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A population-based competing risk analysis. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:756-764. [PMID: 37183319 PMCID: PMC10330377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated how adverse cardiovascular outcomes are impacted by cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Using prospective, population-based data, all Hong Kong patients with prostate cancer who received ADT during 1 January 1993 to 3 March 2021 were identified and followed up for the endpoint of cardiovascular hospitalization/mortality until 31 September 2021, whichever earlier. Multivariable competing risk regression was used to compare the endpoint's cumulative incidence between different combinations of major cardiovascular comorbidities (heart failure [HF], myocardial infarction [MI], stroke and/or arrhythmia), with noncardiovascular death as competing event. Altogether, 13 537 patients were included (median age 75.9 [interquartile range 70.0-81.5] years old; median follow-up 3.3 [1.5-6.7] years). Compared to those with none of prior HF/MI/stroke/arrhythmia, the incidence of the endpoint was not different in those with only stroke (subhazard ratio [SHR] 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.23], P = .391), but was higher in those with only HF (SHR 1.67 [1.37-2.02], P < .001), arrhythmia (SHR 1.63 [1.35-1.98], P < .001) or MI (SHR 1.43 [1.14-1.79], P = .002). Those with ≥2 of HF/MI/stroke/arrhythmia had the highest incidence of the endpoint (SHR 1.94 [1.62-2.33], P < .001), among whom different major cardiovascular comorbidities had similar prognostic impacts, with the number of comorbidities present being significantly prognostic instead. In conclusion, in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT, the sole presence of HF, MI or arrhythmia, but not stroke, may be associated with elevated cardiovascular risks. In those with ≥2 of HF/MI/stroke/arrhythmia, the number of major cardiovascular comorbidities may be prognostically more important than the type of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong – China – United Kingdom collaboration
| | - Yan Hiu Athena Lee
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong – China – United Kingdom collaboration
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Man Ho Hui
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong – China – United Kingdom collaboration
| | - Kang Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward Christopher Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenrick Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NT, United Kingdom
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kelley EA, Hogg JA, Gao L, Waxman JP, Shultz SJ. Demographic Factors and Instantaneous Lower Extremity Injury Occurrence in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Population. J Athl Train 2023; 58:393-400. [PMID: 35789230 PMCID: PMC11220903 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0673.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Temporal prediction of the lower extremity (LE) injury risk will benefit clinicians by allowing them to better leverage limited resources and target those athletes most at risk. OBJECTIVE To characterize the instantaneous risk of LE injury by demographic factors of sex, sport, body mass index (BMI), and injury history. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiologic study. SETTING National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletic program. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 278 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I varsity student-athletes (119 males, 159 females; age = 19.07 ± 1.21 years, height = 175.48 ± 11.06 cm, mass = 72.24 ± 12.87 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Injuries to the LE were tracked for 237 ± 235 consecutive days. Sex-stratified univariate Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between time to first LE injury and sport, BMI, and LE injury history. The instantaneous LE injury risk was defined as the injury risk at any given point in time after the baseline measurement. Relative risk ratios and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated. Variables identified in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS Female athletes displayed similar instantaneous LE injury risk to male athletes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29; 95% CI= 0.91, 1.83; P = .16). Overweight athletes (BMI >25 kg/m2) had similar instantaneous LE injury risk compared with athletes with a BMI of <25 kg/m2 (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.84, 1.82; P = .29). Athletes with previous LE injuries were not more likely to sustain subsequent LE injury than athletes with no previous injury (HR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.76, 1.54; P = .64). Basketball (HR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.51, 6.44; P = .002) and soccer (HR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.46, 5.31; P = .002) athletes had a higher risk of LE injury than cross-country athletes. In the multivariate model, instantaneous LE injury risk was greater in female than in male athletes (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.39; P = .05), and it was greater in male athletes with a BMI of >25 kg/m2 than that in all other athletes (HR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.00; P = .05), but these findings were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS In a collegiate athlete population, previous LE injury was not a contributor to the risk of future LE injury, whereas being female or being male with a BMI of >25 kg/m2 resulted in an increased risk of LE injury. Clinicians can use these data to extrapolate the LE injury risk occurrence to specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Hogg
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
| | - Lani Gao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
| | | | - Sandra J. Shultz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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7
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Chan JSK, Lee S, Kong D, Lakhani I, Ng K, Dee EC, Tang P, Lee YHA, Satti DI, Wong WT, Liu T, Tse G. Risk of diabetes mellitus among users of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A population-based cohort study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:8144-8153. [PMID: 36647331 PMCID: PMC10134274 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly established cancer therapeutics, but they are associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM). Such risks have not been adequately quantified, and between-class and -sex differences remain unexplored. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of cancer patients receiving any ICI in Hong Kong between 2013 and 2021. Patients with known DM were excluded. Due to few patients using other ICIs, only programmed cell death 1 inhibitors (PD-1i) and programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors (PD-L1i) were compared, alongside between-sex comparison. When comparing PD-1i against PD-L1i, patients with the use of other ICIs or both PD-1i and PD-L1 were further excluded. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to minimize between-group covariate imbalances. RESULTS Altogether, 3375 patients were analyzed (65.2% males, median age 62.2 [interquartile range 53.8-69.5] years old). Over a median follow-up of 1.0 [0.4-2.4] years, new-onset DM occurred in 457 patients (13.5%), with a 3-year risk of 14.5% [95% confidence interval 13.3%, 15.8%]. IPTW achieve acceptable covariate balance between sexes, and between PD-1i (N = 622) and PD-L1i (N = 2426) users. Males had significantly higher risk of new-onset DM (hazard ratio 1.35 [1.09, 1.67], p = 0.006), while PD-1i and PD-L1i users did not have significantly different risks (hazard ratio vs PD-L1i 0.81 [0.59, 1.11], p = 0.182). These were consistent in those with at least 1 year of follow-up, and on competing risk regression. CONCLUSION Users of ICI may have a substantial risk of new-onset DM, which may be higher in males but did not differ between PD-1i and PD-L1i.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharen Lee
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dicken Kong
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ishan Lakhani
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenrick Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edward Christopher Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pias Tang
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Hiu Athena Lee
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danish Iltaf Satti
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK.,School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Guthrie BM, King EL, Patwardhan S, Wei Q, Sikdar S, Chitnis PV, Jones MT. Relationships between surrogate measures of mechanical and psychophysiological load, patellar tendon adaptations, and neuromuscular performance in NCAA division I men's volleyball athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1065470. [PMID: 36909358 PMCID: PMC9992433 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1065470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patellar tendon adaptations occur in response to mechanical load. Appropriate loading is necessary to elicit positive adaptations with increased risk of injury and decreased performance likely if loading exceeds the capacity of the tendon. The aim of the current study was to examine intra-individual associations between workloads and patellar tendon properties and neuromuscular performance in collegiate volleyball athletes. Methods National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I men's volleyball athletes (n = 16, age: 20.33 ± 1.15 years, height: 193.50 ± 6.50 cm, body mass: 84.32 ± 7.99 kg, bodyfat%: 13.18 ± 4.72%) competing across 9 weeks of in-season competition participated. Daily measurements of external workloads (i.e., jump count) and internal workloads [i.e., session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE)] were recorded. Weekly measurements included neuromuscular performance assessments (i.e., countermovement jump, drop jump), and ultrasound images of the patellar tendon to evaluate structural adaptations. Repeated measures correlations (r-rm) assessed intra-individual associations among performance and patellar tendon metrics. Results Workload measures exhibited significant negative small to moderate (r-rm =-0.26-0.31) associations with neuromuscular performance, negative (r-rm = -0.21-0.30), and positive (r-rm = 0.20-0.32) small to moderate associations with patellar tendon properties. Discussion Monitoring change in tendon composition and performance adaptations alongside workloads may inform evidence-based frameworks toward managing and reducing the risk of the development of patellar tendinopathy in collegiate men's volleyball athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Guthrie
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Erica L King
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Shriniwas Patwardhan
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Siddhartha Sikdar
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Parag V Chitnis
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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Guthrie B, Jagim AR, Jones MT. Ready or Not, Here I Come: A Scoping Review of Methods Used to Assess Player Readiness Via Indicators of Neuromuscular Function in Football Code Athletes. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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2022 Bern Consensus Statement on Shoulder Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport for Athletes at All Participation Levels. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:11-28. [PMID: 34972489 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an absence of high-quality evidence to support rehabilitation and return-to-sport decisions following shoulder injuries in athletes. The Athlete Shoulder Consensus Group was convened to lead a consensus process that aimed to produce best-practice guidance for clinicians, athletes, and coaches for managing shoulder injuries in sport. We developed the consensus via a 2-round Delphi process (involving more than 40 content and methods experts) and an in-person meeting. This consensus statement provides guidance with respect to load and risk management, supporting athlete shoulder rehabilitation, and decision making during the return-to-sport process. This statement is designed to offer clinicians the flexibility to apply principle-based approaches to managing the return-to-sport process within a variety of sporting backgrounds. The principles and consensus of experts working across multiple sports may provide a template for developing additional sport-specific guidance in the future. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):11-28. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10952.
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11
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Bittencourt NFN, Oliveira RRD, Vaz RDPM, Silva RS, Mendonça LDM. Preventive effect of tailored exercises on patellar tendinopathy in elite youth athletes: A cohort study. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 53:60-66. [PMID: 34837804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an intervention with tailored exercises on the incidence of patellar tendinopathy (PT) in elite youth jumping athletes. DESIGN Prospective crossover cohort. SETTING One sport club facility. PARTICIPANTS 271 elite youth basketball and volleyball player were followed in the first year of the study (Observation year) and 270 athletes were followed in the second year (intervention year). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence rates of PT per 1,000h of exposure. Cox survival analysis was used to verify the effects of the intervention (exercises implemented according to the findings of a preseason assessment) on PT incidence. RESULTS The exercise prevention program significantly reduced the number of cases of PT, with athletes submitted to the intervention showing 51% less risk of developing PT. The overall PT incidence in the Observation year (5.9 per 1,000h of exposure) was significantly higher than that in the intervention year (2.8 per 1,000h of exposure) (P = .037). Twenty-six athletes developed PT in the observation year, whereas 13 athletes developed PT in the intervention year. CONCLUSIONS A tailored preventive program may be able to reduce the incidence of patellar tendinopathy, especially in male youth volleyball athletes. Randomized controlled trials are encouraged to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Franco Neto Bittencourt
- Sports Physical Department - Minas Tênis Club, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Universitário Uni-BH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Tendon Research Group - Brazil, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Tendon Research Group - Brazil, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Master Program in Physiotherapy and Functioning - Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Tendon Research Group - Brazil, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luciana De Michelis Mendonça
- Tendon Research Group - Brazil, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Physical Therapy Department - Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
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12
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Bache-Mathiesen LK, Andersen TE, Clarsen B, Fagerland MW. Handling and reporting missing data in training load and injury risk research. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:452-464. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1998587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Bache-Mathiesen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Wang Fagerland
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Shaw JW, Mattiussi AM, Brown DD, Williams S, Kelly S, Springham M, Pedlar CR, Tallent J. Dance Exposure, Individual Characteristics, and Injury Risk over Five Seasons in a Professional Ballet Company. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2290-2297. [PMID: 34115730 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the relationships between dance exposure, dancer characteristics, and injury risk across five seasons in a professional ballet company. METHODS Dance exposure time and clinician-reported time-loss and medical attention injury data were prospectively collected from 118 professional dancers of The Royal Ballet between 2015/2016 and 2019/2020. Cox proportional hazards and shared frailty models were fitted to overuse and traumatic injuries; individualized robust Z-scores for 7- and 28-d accumulated exposure, and week-to-week change in exposure, age, sex, company rank, and injury history were included as time-varying covariates. RESULTS Across 381,710 h of exposure, 1332 medical attention and 427 time-loss injuries were observed. Positive relationships were observed between week-to-week change in exposure and overuse time-loss (+1 Z-score hazard ratio (HR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.53) and medical attention injury risk (+1 Z-score HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28). A negative relationship was observed between 7-d accumulated exposure and overuse medical attention injury risk (+1 Z-score HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.84). Overuse time-loss injury risk was greater in soloists compared with the corps de ballet (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01-2.15) and in dancers with a higher previous injury rate (+1 injury per 1000 h HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10). Only age was associated with traumatic time-loss (+1-yr HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09) or medical attention injury risk (+1-yr HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07). CONCLUSIONS Professional ballet companies should implement training principles such as periodization and progression, particularly in the case of senior-ranking dancers, older dancers, and dancers with high rates of previous injury. These findings provide a basis for future prospective investigations into specific causal injury pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derrick D Brown
- Institute of Sport Science, Dance Science, University of Bern, Bern, SWITZERLAND
| | - Sean Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Shane Kelly
- Ballet Healthcare, The Royal Ballet, Royal Opera House, London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Jamie Tallent
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UNITED KINGDOM
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Hearn DW, Kerr ZY, Wikstrom EA, Goss DL, Cameron KL, Marshall SW, Padua DA. Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in US Military Academy Cadet Basic Training: A Survival Analysis Evaluating Sex, History of Injury, and Body Mass Index. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211039841. [PMID: 34660826 PMCID: PMC8511930 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211039841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injury incidence for physically active populations with a high volume of physical load can exceed 79%. There is little existing research focused on timing of injury and how that timing differs based on certain risk factors. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to report both the incidence and timing of lower extremity injuries during cadet basic training. We hypothesized that women, those with a history of injury, and those in underweight and obese body mass index (BMI) categories would sustain lower extremity musculoskeletal injury earlier in the training period than men, those without injury history, and those in the normal-weight BMI category. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Cadets from the class of 2022, arriving in 2018, served as the study population. Baseline information on sex and injury history was collected via questionnaire, and BMI was calculated from height and weight taken during week 1 at the United States Military Academy. Categories were underweight (BMI <20), middleweight (20-29.99), and obese (≥30). Injury surveillance was performed over the first 60 days of training via electronic medical record review and monitoring. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate group differences in time to the first musculoskeletal injury. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results A total of 595 cadets participated. The cohort was 76.8% male, with 29.9% reporting previous injury history and 93.3% having a BMI between 20 and 30. Overall, 16.3% of cadets (12.3% of male cadets and 29.7% of female cadets) experienced an injury during the follow-up period. Women experienced significantly greater incident injury than did men (P < .001). Separation of survival curves comparing the sexes and injury history occurred at weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Hazards for first musculoskeletal injury were significantly greater for women versus men (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.76-3.94) and for those who reported a history of injury versus no injury history (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18-2.64). No differences were observed between BMI categories. Conclusion Female cadets and those reporting previous musculoskeletal injury demonstrated a greater hazard of musculoskeletal injury during cadet basic training. This study did not observe an association between BMI and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren W Hearn
- South College, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,United States Army, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald L Goss
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- John Feagin Jr Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin A Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Chen S, Cai W, Duan S, Gao L, Yang W, Gao Y, Jia C, Zhang H, Li L. Association of COMT Polymorphisms with Multiple Physical Activity-Related Injuries among University Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010828. [PMID: 34682575 PMCID: PMC8535648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a candidate gene to provide promising evidence of psychiatric disorders, but there is a knowledge gap between the genetic factor and multiple physical activity-related injuries (PARIs). The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of COMT to the risk of PARIs among university students in the Chinese Han population. We can further search for the intrinsic risk factors for the occurrence of multiple physical activity injuries and provide a scientific basis for early screening and precise intervention for the high-risk group of college students with multiple PARIs. A 1:1 matched case-control study of 61 PARIs cases and 61 healthy controls were carried out. DNA samples of the participants were isolated from saliva and genotyped on eight SNPs of the COMT gene (rs9265, rs4680, rs6269, rs4818, rs4633, rs165655, rs165656, and rs165722) using the MALDI-TOF MS method. We found that rs6269 and rs4818 were significantly associated with PARIs, and rs6269-GG and rs4818-GG contributed to the reduced risk of PARIs. Further haplotype analysis showed a four-marker C-G-C-G haplotype (rs165722-rs6269-rs4633-rs4818) acted with a protective role in the development of PARIs (p = 0.037; OR: 0.474, 95% CI: 0.269 to 0.834). However, the interactions between club membership and rs6269 or rs4818 would significantly increase the risk of PARIs (both p < 0.001, OR: 5.121 and 4.977, respectively). This is the first study to find the contribution of COMT to PARIs occurrence, suggesting that the COMT polymorphisms and the gene-environment interactions may alter the risk of PARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Chen
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weicong Cai
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Lijie Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan 250012, China; (L.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Wenda Yang
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Cunxian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan 250012, China; (L.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China;
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (S.C.); (W.C.); (W.Y.)
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0754-8890-0467
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16
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Ramskov D, Rasmussen S, Sørensen H, Parner ET, Lind M, Nielsen R. Interactions between running volume and running pace on injury occurrence in recreational runners: A secondary analysis. J Athl Train 2021; 57:557-563. [PMID: 34543419 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0165.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Context The combination of an excessive increase in running pace and volume is essential to consider when investigating associations between running and running-related injury. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to complete a secondary analysis on a dataset from a randomized trial, to investigate the interactions between relative or absolute weekly changes in running volume and running pace on running injury occurrence among a cohort of injury-free recreational runners in Denmark. Design Prospective cohort study Setting Running volume and pace were collected during a 24-week follow-up using global positioning systems (GPS) data. Training data was used to calculate relative and absolute weekly changes in running volume and pace. Patients or Other Participants A total of 586 recreational runners were included in the analysis. All participants were injury-free at inclusion. Main Outcome Measure(s) Running-related injury was the outcome. Injury data were collected weekly using a modified version of the OSTRC questionnaire. Risk difference (RD) was the measure of injury risk. Results A total of 133 runners sustained a running-related injury. A relative weekly change of progression >10% in running volume and progression in running pace (RD=8.1%, 95%CI: - 9.3;25.6%) and an absolute weekly change of progression >5km in running volume and progression in running pace (RD=5.2%, 95%CI: -12.0;22.5%), were not associated with a statistically significant positive interaction. Conclusions As coaches, clinicians and athletes may agree that excessive increase in running pace and excessive increase in running volume are important contributors to injury development, we analyzed the interaction between them. Although a statistically significant positive interaction on an additive scale in runners who progressed both running pace and running volume were not identified in the present study, readers of scientific articles should be aware that interaction is an important analytical approach that could be applied to other datasets in future publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramskov
- aDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, DK.,dDepartment of Physiotherapy, University College Northern Denmark, Aalborg 9220, DK
| | - Sten Rasmussen
- bOrthopaedic Surgery Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg 9000, DK.,eDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, DK
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- aDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, DK
| | | | - Martin Lind
- cDepartment of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, DK
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- aDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, DK
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17
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Mansournia MA, Collins GS, Nielsen RO, Nazemipour M, Jewell NP, Altman DG, Campbell MJ. A CHecklist for statistical Assessment of Medical Papers (the CHAMP statement): explanation and elaboration. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1009-1017. [PMID: 33514558 PMCID: PMC9110112 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Misuse of statistics in medical and sports science research is common and may lead to detrimental consequences to healthcare. Many authors, editors and peer reviewers of medical papers will not have expert knowledge of statistics or may be unconvinced about the importance of applying correct statistics in medical research. Although there are guidelines on reporting statistics in medical papers, a checklist on the more general and commonly seen aspects of statistics to assess when peer-reviewing an article is needed. In this article, we propose a CHecklist for statistical Assessment of Medical Papers (CHAMP) comprising 30 items related to the design and conduct, data analysis, reporting and presentation, and interpretation of a research paper. While CHAMP is primarily aimed at editors and peer reviewers during the statistical assessment of a medical paper, we believe it will serve as a useful reference to improve authors' and readers' practice in their use of statistics in medical research. We strongly encourage editors and peer reviewers to consult CHAMP when assessing manuscripts for potential publication. Authors also may apply CHAMP to ensure the validity of their statistical approach and reporting of medical research, and readers may consider using CHAMP to enhance their statistical assessment of a paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Nazemipour
- Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicholas P Jewell
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Edouard P, Lahti J, Nagahara R, Samozino P, Navarro L, Guex K, Rossi J, Brughelli M, Mendiguchia J, Morin JB. Low Horizontal Force Production Capacity during Sprinting as a Potential Risk Factor of Hamstring Injury in Football. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157827. [PMID: 34360125 PMCID: PMC8345704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clear decreases in horizontal force production capacity during sprint acceleration have been reported after hamstring injuries (HI) in football players. We hypothesized that lower FH0 is associated with a higher HI occurrence in football players. We aimed to analyze the association between sprint running horizontal force production capacities at low (FH0) and high (V0) velocities, and HI occurrence in football. This prospective cohort study included 284 football players over one season. All players performed 30 m field sprints at the beginning and different times during the season. Sprint velocity data were used to compute sprint mechanical properties. Players' injury data were prospectively collected during the entire season. Cox regression analyses were performed using new HI as the outcome, and horizontal force production capacity (FH0 and V0) was used at the start of the season (model 1) and at each measurement time point within the season (model 2) as explanatory variables, adjusted for individual players' (model 2) age, geographical group of players, height, body mass, and previous HI, with cumulative hours of football practice as the time scale. A total of 47 new HI (20% of all injuries) were observed in 38 out of 284 players (13%). There were no associations between FH0 and/or V0 values at the start of the season and new HI occurrence during the season (model 1). During the season, a total of 801 measurements were performed, from one to six per player. Lower measured FH0 values were significantly associated with a higher risk of sustaining HI within the weeks following sprint measurement (HR = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.51 to 4.73), p < 0.001) (model 2). In conclusion, low horizontal force production capacities at low velocity during early sprint acceleration (FH0) may be considered as a potential additional factor associated with HI risk in a comprehensive, multifactorial, and individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Lyon, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (J.R.); (J.-B.M.)
- Sports Medicine Unity, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CEDEX 2, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-674-574-691
| | - Johan Lahti
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06200 Nice, France;
| | - Ryu Nagahara
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan;
- Faculty of Sports and Budo Coaching Studies, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Savoie Mont Blanc, EA 7424, F-73000 Chambéry, France;
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Kenny Guex
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Department of Sprints, Hurdles and Relays, Swiss Athletics, Haus des Sports, 3063 Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Rossi
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Lyon, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (J.R.); (J.-B.M.)
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand;
| | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Zentrum Rehabilitation and Performance Center, 31002 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Lyon, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (J.R.); (J.-B.M.)
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06200 Nice, France;
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand;
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Is the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) Associated with Risk of Time-Loss Injury in Professional Team Sports? A Systematic Review of Methodology, Variables and Injury Risk in Practical Situations. Sports Med 2021; 50:1613-1635. [PMID: 32572824 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is an index of the acute workload relative to the cumulative chronic workloads. The monitoring of physical workloads using the ACWR has emerged and been hypothesized as a useful tool for coaches and athletes to optimize performance while aiming to reduce the risk of potentially preventable load-driven injuries. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to describe characteristics of the ACWR and investigate the association of the ACWR with the risk of time-loss injuries in adult elite team sport athletes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE and grey literature databases; inception to May 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Longitudinal studies that assess the relationship of the ACWR and time-loss injury risk in adult professional or elite team sports. METHODS We summarized the population characteristics, workload metrics and ACWR calculation methods. For each workload metric, we plotted the risk estimates for the ACWR in isolation, or when combined with chronic workloads. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black scale. RESULTS Twenty studies comprising 2375 injuries from 1234 athletes (all males and mean age of 24 years) from different sports were included. Internal (65%) and external loads (70%) were collected in more than half of the studies and the session-rating of perceived exertion and total distance were the most commonly collected metrics. The ACWR was commonly calculated using the coupled method (95%), 1:4 weekly blocks (95%) and subsequent week injury lag (80%). There were 14 different binning methods with almost none of the studies using the same binning categories. CONCLUSION The majority of studies suggest that athletes are at greater risk of sustaining a time-loss injury when the ACWR is higher relative to a lower or moderate ACWR. The heterogenous methodological approaches not only reflect the wide range of sports studied and the differing demands of these activities, but also limit the strength of recommendations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017067585.
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Motion-Control Shoes Reduce the Risk of Pronation-Related Pathologies in Recreational Runners: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:135-143. [PMID: 33306927 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.9710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether motion-control shoes reduce the risk of pronation-related injuries in recreational runners. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of the effect of shoes on running injuries. METHODS Three hundred seventy-two recreational runners were randomized to receive either standard neutral or motion-control shoes and were followed up for 6 months regarding running activity and injury. Running injuries that occurred during this period were registered and classified as pronation-related injuries (Achilles tendinopathy, plantar fasciopathy, exercise-related lower-leg pain, and anterior knee pain) or other running-related injuries. With the use of competing risk analysis, the relationship between pronation-related and other running-related injuries and shoe type was evaluated by estimating the cause-specific hazard, controlling for other possible confounders like age, sex, body mass index, previous injury, and sport participation pattern. RESULTS Twenty-five runners sustained pronation-related running injuries and 68 runners sustained other running-related injuries. Runners wearing the motion-control shoes had a lower risk of pronation-related running injuries compared with runners who wore standard neutral shoes (hazard ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.98). There was no effect of shoe type (hazard ratio = 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.41, 1.10) on the risk of other running-related injuries. CONCLUSION Motion-control shoes may reduce the risk of pronation-related running injuries, but did not influence the risk of other running-related injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(3):135-143. Epub 11 Dec 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9710.
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21
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Wang C, Vargas JT, Stokes T, Steele R, Shrier I. Analyzing Activity and Injury: Lessons Learned from the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio. Sports Med 2021; 50:1243-1254. [PMID: 32125672 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Injuries occur when an athlete performs a greater amount of activity than what their body can withstand. To maximize the positive effects of training while avoiding injuries, athletes and coaches need to determine safe activity levels. The International Olympic Committee has recommended using the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) to monitor injury risk and has provided thresholds to minimize risk when designing training programs. However, there are several limitations to the ACWR and how it has been analyzed which impact the validity of current recommendations and should discourage its use. This review aims to discuss previously published and novel challenges with the ACWR, and strategies to improve current analytical methods. In the first part of this review, we discuss challenges inherent to the ACWR. We explain why using a ratio to represent changes in activity may not always be appropriate. We also show that using exponentially weighted moving averages to calculate the ACWR results in an initial load problem, and discuss their inapplicability to sports where athletes taper their activity. In the second part, we discuss challenges with how the ACWR has been implemented. We cover problems with discretization, sparse data, bias in injured athletes, unmeasured and time-varying confounding, and application to subsequent injuries. In the third part, conditional on well-conceived study design, we discuss alternative causal-inference based analytical strategies that may avoid major flaws in studies on changes in activity and injury occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchin Wang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Jorge Trejo Vargas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Tyrel Stokes
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Russell Steele
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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22
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Taddei UT, Matias AB, Duarte M, Sacco ICN. Foot Core Training to Prevent Running-Related Injuries: A Survival Analysis of a Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:3610-3619. [PMID: 33156692 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520969205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running-related injuries (RRIs) are a pervasive menace that can interrupt or end the participation of recreational runners in this healthy physical activity. To date, no satisfactory treatment has been developed to prevent RRIs. PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of a novel foot core strengthening protocol based on a ground-up approach to reduce the incidence of RRIs in recreational long-distance runners over the course of a 1-year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS The participants, 118 runners, were assessed at baseline and randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 57) or a control group (n = 61). The intervention group received an 8-week training course focused on the foot-ankle muscles, followed by remotely supervised training thereafter. Assessments consisted of 3 separate biomechanical evaluations of foot strength and foot posture and a weekly report on each participant's running distance, pace, and injury incidence over 12 months. RESULTS The control group participants were 2.42 times (95% CI, 1.98-3.62) more likely to experience an RRI within the 12-month study period than participants in the intervention group (P = .035). Time to injury was significantly correlated with Foot Posture Index (P = .031; r = 0.41) and foot strength gain (P = .044; r = 0.45) scores. This foot exercise program showed evidence of effective RRI risk reduction in recreational runners at 4 to 8 months of training. CONCLUSION Recreational runners randomized to the new foot core strengthening protocol had a 2.42-fold lower rate of RRIs compared with the control group. Further studies are recommended to better understand the underlying biomechanical mechanisms of injury, types of injuries, and subgroups of runners who might benefit maximally. REGISTRATION NCT02306148 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisses T Taddei
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra B Matias
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Duarte
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C N Sacco
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Horgan BG, Drew MK, Halson SL, Piromalli LE, Drinkwater EJ, Chapman DW, Haff GG. Impaired recovery is associated with increased injury and illness: A retrospective study of 536 female netball athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:691-701. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry G. Horgan
- Australian Institute of SportSport Australia Bruce ACT Australia
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
- Brumbies Rugby Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Michael K. Drew
- Australian Institute of SportSport Australia Bruce ACT Australia
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP) Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
- University of Canberra Research into Sport and Exercise (UCRISE)University of Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Shona L. Halson
- Australian Institute of SportSport Australia Bruce ACT Australia
- Australian Catholic University Banyo QLD Australia
| | - Laura E. Piromalli
- Australian Institute of SportSport Australia Bruce ACT Australia
- Netball Australia Fitzroy VIC Australia
| | - Eric J. Drinkwater
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
- Center for Sport Research School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Dale W. Chapman
- Australian Institute of SportSport Australia Bruce ACT Australia
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
- New South Wales Institute of Sport Sydney Olympic Park NSW Australia
| | - G. Gregory Haff
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP) Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport University of Salford Salford UK
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Workload a-WEAR-ness: Monitoring Workload in Team Sports With Wearable Technology. A Scoping Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:549-563. [PMID: 32998615 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) identify the wearable devices and associated metrics used to monitor workload and assess injury risk, (2) describe the situations in which workload was monitored using wearable technology (including sports, purpose of the analysis, location and duration of monitoring, and athlete characteristics), and (3) evaluate the quality of evidence that workload monitoring can inform injury prevention. DESIGN Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, HealthSTAR, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included all studies that used wearable devices (eg, heart rate monitor, inertial measurement units, global positioning system) to monitor athlete workload in a team sport setting. DATA SYNTHESIS We provided visualizations that represented the workload metrics reported, sensors used, sports investigated, athlete characteristics, and the duration of monitoring. RESULTS The 407 included studies focused on team ball sports (67% soccer, rugby, or Australian football), male athletes (81% of studies), elite or professional level of competition (74% of studies), and young adults (69% of studies included athletes aged between 20 and 28 years). Thirty-six studies of 7 sports investigated the association between workload measured with wearable devices and injury. CONCLUSION Distance-based metrics derived from global positioning system units were common for monitoring workload and are frequently used to assess injury risk. Workload monitoring studies have focused on specific populations (eg, elite male soccer players in Europe and elite male rugby and Australian football players in Oceania). Different injury definitions and reported workload metrics and poor study quality impeded conclusions regarding the relationship between workload and injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(10):549-563. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9753.
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Training Load and Injury Part 2: Questionable Research Practices Hijack the Truth and Mislead Well-Intentioned Clinicians. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:577-584. [PMID: 32741323 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this clinical commentary, we highlight issues related to conceptual foundations and methods used in training load and injury research. We focus on sources of degrees of freedom that can favor questionable research practices such as P hacking and hypothesizing after the results are known, which can undermine the trustworthiness of research findings. CLINICAL QUESTION Is the methodological rigor of studies in the training load and injury field sufficient to inform training-related decisions in clinical practice? KEY RESULTS The absence of a clear conceptual framework, causal structure, and reliable methods can promote questionable research practices, selective reporting, and confirmation bias. The fact that well-accepted training principles (eg, overload progression) are in line with some study findings may simply be a consequence of confirmation bias, resulting from cherry picking and emphasizing results that align with popular beliefs. Identifying evidence-based practical applications, grounded in high-quality research, is not currently possible. The strongest recommendation we can make for the clinician is grounded in common sense: "Do not train too much, too soon"-not because it has been confirmed by studies, but because it reflects accepted generic training principles. CLINICAL APPLICATION The training load and injury research field has fundamental conceptual and methodological weaknesses. Therefore, making decisions about planning and modifying training programs for injury reduction in clinical practice, based on available studies, is premature. Clinicians should continue to rely on best practice, experience, and well-known training principles, and consider the potential influence of contextual factors when planning and monitoring training loads. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(10):577-584. Epub 1 Aug 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9211.
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Impellizzeri FM, McCall A, Ward P, Bornn L, Coutts AJ. Training Load and Its Role in Injury Prevention, Part 2: Conceptual and Methodologic Pitfalls. J Athl Train 2020; 55:893-901. [PMID: 32991699 PMCID: PMC7534938 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-501-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In part 2 of this clinical commentary, we highlight the conceptual and methodologic pitfalls evident in current training-load-injury research. These limitations make these studies unsuitable for determining how to use new metrics such as acute workload, chronic workload, and their ratio for reducing injury risk. The main overarching concerns are the lack of a conceptual framework and reference models that do not allow for appropriate interpretation of the results to define a causal structure. The lack of any conceptual framework also gives investigators too many degrees of freedom, which can dramatically increase the risk of false discoveries and confirmation bias by forcing the interpretation of results toward common beliefs and accepted training principles. Specifically, we underline methodologic concerns relating to (1) measure of exposures, (2) pitfalls of using ratios, (3) training-load measures, (4) time windows, (5) discretization and reference category, (6) injury definitions, (7) unclear analyses, (8) sample size and generalizability, (9) missing data, and (10) standards and quality of reporting. Given the pitfalls of previous studies, we need to return to our practices before this research influx began, when practitioners relied on traditional training principles (eg, overload progression) and adjusted training loads based on athletes' responses. Training-load measures cannot tell us whether the variations are increasing or decreasing the injury risk; we recommend that practitioners still rely on their expert knowledge and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco M. Impellizzeri
- Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre and School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Football Club, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Aaron J. Coutts
- Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre and School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, research on the training-load-injury relationship has grown exponentially. With the benefit of more data, our understanding of the training-performance puzzle has improved. What were we thinking 20 years ago, and how has our thinking changed over time? Although early investigators attributed overuse injuries to excessive training loads, it has become clear that rapid spikes in training load, above what an athlete is accustomed, explain (at least in part) a large proportion of injuries. In this respect, it appears that overuse injuries may arise from athletes being underprepared for the load they are about to perform. However, a question of interest to both athletic trainers (ATs) and researchers is why some athletes sustain injury at low training loads, while others can tolerate much greater training loads? A higher chronic training load and well-developed aerobic fitness and lower body strength appear to moderate the training-injury relationship and provide a protective effect against spikes in load. The training-performance puzzle is complex and dynamic-at any given time, multiple inputs to injury and performance exist. The challenge facing researchers is obtaining large enough longitudinal data sets to capture the time-varying nature of physiological and musculoskeletal capacities and training-load data to adequately inform injury-prevention efforts. The training-performance puzzle can be solved, but it will take collaboration between researchers and clinicians as well as an understanding that efficacy (ie, how training load affects performance and injury in an idealized or controlled setting) does not equate to effectiveness (ie, how training load affects performance and injury in the real-world setting, where many variables cannot be controlled).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J. Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
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28
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Backes A, Skejø SD, Gette P, Nielsen RØ, Sørensen H, Morio C, Malisoux L. Predicting cumulative load during running using field-based measures. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2399-2407. [PMID: 32767716 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to investigate whether the cumulative load of the lower limbs, defined as the product of external load and step rate, could be predicted using spatiotemporal variables gathered with a commercially available wearable device in running. Therefore, thirty-nine runners performed two running tests at 10 and 12 km/h, respectively. Spatiotemporal variables (step rate, ground contact time, and vertical oscillation) were collected using a commercially available wearable device. Kinetic variables, measured with gold standard equipment (motion capture system and instrumented treadmill) and used for the calculation of a set of variables representing cumulative load, were peak vertical ground reaction force (peak vGRF), vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR), vertical impulse, braking impulse, as well as peak extension moments and angular impulses of the ankle, knee and hip joints. Separate linear mixed-effects models were built to investigate the prediction performance of the spatiotemporal variables for each measure of cumulative load. BMI, speed, and sex were included as covariates. Predictive precision of the models ranged from .11 to .66 (R2 m ) and .22 to .98 (R2 c ), respectively. Greatest predictive performance was obtained for the cumulative peak vGRF (R2 m = .66, R2 c = .97), VILR (R2 m = .43, R2 c = .97), braking impulse (R2 m = .52, R2 c = .98), and peak hip extension moment (R2 m = .54, R2 c = .90). In conclusion, certain variables representing cumulative load of the lower limbs in running can be predicted using spatiotemporal variables gathered with a commercially available wearable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Backes
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Paul Gette
- Human Motion, Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Digital Methods, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cédric Morio
- Movement Sciences Department, Decathlon SportsLab Research and Development, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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29
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Edouard P, Cugy E, Dolin R, Morel N, Serra JM, Depiesse F, Branco P, Steffen K. The Athletics Injury Prevention Programme Can Help to Reduce the Occurrence at Short Term of Participation Restriction Injury Complaints in Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E84. [PMID: 32512871 PMCID: PMC7353668 DOI: 10.3390/sports8060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether an Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP), targeting the most common athletics injuries, can reduce the occurrence of injury complaints that lead to restrictions in athletics participation (participation restriction injury complaints) in the short (12 weeks) and long (40 weeks) terms. For our 40-week prospective cohort study (level of evidence 2), we invited inter-regional and national-level athletes to regularly perform the AIPP, which included 8 exercises addressing core stability, hamstring, leg and pelvic muscles strengthening and stretching, and balance exercises. A Cox regression was used to analyse the influence of AIPP on the occurrence of participation restriction injury complaint, adjusted to sex, age, height, body mass, discipline, and history of injury complaints during the preceding season, individual response rate, mean weekly training time, mean weekly number of competition, presented by hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). At 12 weeks (n = 62 athletes), the AIPP was significantly associated with a lower risk of participation restriction injury complaint HR = 0.36 (95%CI: 0.15 to 0.86), p = 0.02 and HR = 0.29 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.73), p = 0.009, with cumulative weeks and cumulative training time as time scale, respectively, while at 40 weeks (n = 53 athletes) there was no significant association. An 8-exercise injury prevention programme can effectively help to reduce occurrence of injury complaints that would restrict an athlete's participation in athletics in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne CEDEX 2, France
- Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), 75640 Paris CEDEX 13, France; (J.-M.S.); (F.D.)
- European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Emmanuelle Cugy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital of Arcachon, 33260 La Teste de Buch, France;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Handicap Activité Cognition Santé, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Romain Dolin
- Sportrehab Physiotherapy practice, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Nicolas Morel
- Department of Orthopeadics, University Hospital of Reims, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France;
| | - Jean-Michel Serra
- Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), 75640 Paris CEDEX 13, France; (J.-M.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Frédéric Depiesse
- Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), 75640 Paris CEDEX 13, France; (J.-M.S.); (F.D.)
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, 97232 Lamentin, France
| | - Pedro Branco
- European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway;
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Fagher K, Dahlström Ö, Jacobsson J, Timpka T, Lexell J. Injuries and illnesses in Swedish Paralympic athletes—A 52‐week prospective study of incidence and risk factors. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1457-1470. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences Athletics Research Center Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences Athletics Research Center Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences Athletics Research Center Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group Lund University Lund Sweden
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Nielsen RO, Shrier I, Casals M, Nettel-Aguirre A, Møller M, Bolling C, Bittencourt NFN, Clarsen B, Wedderkopp N, Soligard T, Timpka T, Emery C, Bahr R, Jacobsson J, Whiteley R, Dahlstrom O, van Dyk N, Pluim BM, Stamatakis E, Palacios-Derflingher L, Fagerland MW, Khan KM, Ardern CL, Verhagen E. Statement on methods in sport injury research from the 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:941. [PMID: 32371524 PMCID: PMC7392492 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best practice methods—methods matter (greatly!). The 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research methods to discuss sports injury methods. We discussed important epidemiological and statistical topics within the field of sports injury research. With this opinion document, we provide the main take-home messages that emerged from the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark .,Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marti Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barça Innovation Hub, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Merete Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sports Physical Therapy Department, Minas Tenis Clube, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Physical Therapy, Centro Universitário UniBH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Orthopedic department, Hospital of Southwestern Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Health and Society, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Orjan Dahlstrom
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Babette M Pluim
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University College London, London, UK
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morten Wang Fagerland
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karim M Khan
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Journal of Sports Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Ardern
- Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Statement on Methods in Sport Injury Research From the First METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:226-233. [PMID: 32354314 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best-practice methods-methods matter (greatly!). The first METHODS MATTER meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research methods to discuss sports injury methods. We discussed important epidemiological and statistical topics within the field of sports injury research. With this opinion document, we provide the main take-home messages that emerged from the meeting. Meeting participants agreed that the definition of sport injury depends on the research question and context. It was considered essential to be explicit about the goal of the research effort and to use frameworks to illustrate the assumptions that underpin measurement and the analytical strategy. Complex systems were discussed to illustrate how potential risk factors can interact in a nonlinear way. This approach is often a useful alternative to identifying single risk factors. Investigating changes in exposure status over time is important when analyzing sport injury etiology, and analyzing recurrent injury, subsequent injury, or injury exacerbation remains challenging. The choice of statistical model should consider the research question, injury measure (eg, prevalence, incidence), type and granularity of injury data (categorical or continuous), and study design. Multidisciplinary collaboration will be a cornerstone for future high-quality sport injury research. Working outside professional silos in a diverse, multidisciplinary team benefits the research process, from the formulation of research questions and designs to the statistical analyses and dissemination of study results in implementation contexts. This article has been copublished in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(5):226-233. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9876.
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Denli Yalvac ES, Balak N. The probability of iatrogenic major vascular injury in lumbar discectomy. Br J Neurosurg 2020; 34:290-298. [DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1736261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Seyma Denli Yalvac
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naci Balak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Hulin BT, Gabbett TJ, Pickworth NJ, Johnston RD, Jenkins DG. Relationships Among PlayerLoad, High-Intensity Intermittent Running Ability, and Injury Risk in Professional Rugby League Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:423-429. [PMID: 31569073 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine relationships among physical performance, workload, and injury risk in professional rugby league players. METHODS Maximal-effort (n = 112) and submaximal (n = 1084) running performances of 45 players were recorded from 1 club over 2 consecutive seasons. Poorer and better submaximal running performance was determined by higher and lower exercise heart rates, respectively. Exponentially weighted moving averages and daily rolling averages were used to assess microtechnology-derived acute and chronic field-based workloads. The associations among within-individual submaximal running performance, workload, and noncontact lower-limb injury were then investigated. RESULTS The injury risk associated with poorer submaximal performance was "likely" greater than stable (relative risk = 1.8; 90% confidence interval, 0.9-3.7) and better submaximal performance (relative risk = 2.0; 90% confidence interval, 0.9-4.4). Compared with greater submaximal performance, poorer performance was associated with lower chronic workloads (effect size [d] = 0.82 [0.13], large) and higher acute:chronic workload ratios (d = 0.49 [0.14], small). Chronic workload demonstrated a "nearly perfect" positive relationship with maximal-effort running performance (exponentially weighted moving average, R2 = .91 [.15]; rolling average, R2 = .91 [.14]). At acute:chronic workload ratios >1.9, no differences in injury risk were found between rolling average and exponentially weighted moving average methods (relative risk = 1.1; 90% confidence interval, 0.3-3.8; unclear). CONCLUSIONS Reductions in submaximal running performance are related with low chronic workloads, high acute:chronic workload ratios, and increased injury risk. These findings demonstrate that a submaximal running assessment can be used to provide information on physical performance and injury risk in professional rugby league players.
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Clarsen B, Bahr R, Myklebust G, Andersson SH, Docking SI, Drew M, Finch CF, Fortington LV, Harøy J, Khan KM, Moreau B, Moore IS, Møller M, Nabhan D, Nielsen RO, Pasanen K, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Verhagen E. Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: an update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:390-396. [PMID: 32060142 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses-The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Since then, users from a range of research and clinical environments have identified areas in which these questionnaires may be improved. Therefore, the structure and content of the questionnaires was reviewed by an international panel consisting of the original developers, other user groups and experts in sports epidemiology and applied statistical methodology. Following a review panel meeting in October 2017, several changes were made to the questionnaires, including minor wording alterations, changes to the content of one question and the addition of questionnaire logic. In this paper, we present the updated versions of the questionnaires (OSTRC-O2 and OSTRC-H2), assess the likely impact of the updates on future data collection and discuss practical issues related to application of the questionnaires. We believe this update will improve respondent adherence and improve the quality of collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Haugsboe Andersson
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean Iain Docking
- LASEM Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- Athlete Availability Program, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Victoria Fortington
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joar Harøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karim M Khan
- Family Practice & Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bill Moreau
- Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, California, USA.,University of Western States, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Isabel S Moore
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Merete Møller
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Dustin Nabhan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway.,Sports Medicine Division, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre (SIPRC), Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sport Medicine, UKK Instituutti, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sports, Exercise, Medicine and Lifestyle Research Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Nielsen RØ, Bertelsen ML, Ramskov D, Damsted C, Brund RK, Parner ET, Sørensen H, Rasmussen S, Kjærgaard S. The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study on the aetiology of running-related injuries: rationale and design of an 18-month prospective cohort study including runners worldwide. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032627. [PMID: 31494626 PMCID: PMC6731941 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Running injuries affect millions of persons every year and have become a substantial public health issue owing to the popularity of running. To ensure adherence to running, it is important to prevent injuries and to have an in-depth understanding of the aetiology of running injuries. The main purpose of the present paper was to describe the design of a future prospective cohort study exploring if a dose-response relationship exists between changes in training load and running injury occurrence, and how this association is modified by other variables. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this protocol, the design of an 18-month observational prospective cohort study is described that will include a minimum of 20 000 consenting runners who upload their running data to Garmin Connect and volunteer to be a part of the study. The primary outcome is running-related injuries categorised into the following states: (1) no injury; (2) a problem; and (3) injury. The primary exposure is change in training load (eg, running distance and the cumulative training load based on the number of strides, ground contact time, vertical oscillation and body weight). The change in training load is a time-dependent exposure in the sense that progression or regression can change many times during follow-up. Effect-measure modifiers include, but is not limited to, other types of sports activity, activity of daily living and demographics, and are assessed through questionnaires and/or by Garmin devices. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study design, procedures and informed consent have been evaluated by the Ethics Committee of the Central Denmark Region (Request number: 227/2016 - Record number: 1-10-72-189-16).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Ramskov
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camma Damsted
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Thorlund Parner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Section for Biostatistics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- Section of Sports, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Rasmussen
- Orthopaedic Surgery Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Kjærgaard
- Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
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Running Themselves Into the Ground? Incidence, Prevalence, and Impact of Injury and Illness in Runners Preparing for a Half or Full Marathon. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019; 49:518-528. [PMID: 31213161 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence, prevalence, and impact of running-related injuries (RRIs) and illness symptoms in half marathon and marathon runners during the 16-week period before the Utrecht Marathon. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we used the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire to register RRIs and illness symptoms every 2 weeks during the 16-week study period. When an injury or illness occurred, questions were added regarding its nature. We calculated the incidence proportion (the number of new cases divided by the number of runners at risk) and the period prevalence (the number of existing and new cases within a 2-week period, divided by the total number of runners at risk during that period). RESULTS Of the 161 included runners, 9 out of 10 reported an RRI or illness symptom at some time during the study period. In any 2-week period, 5.6% to 14.8% of the runners reported a new RRI, and 6.3% to 13.8% of the runners reported a new illness symptom. The prevalence of RRIs ranged from 29.2% to 43.5%, and the prevalence of illness symptoms ranged from 28.3% to 71.2%. The most prevalent RRIs were in the lower leg (prevalence range, 5.4%-12.3%) and knee (prevalence range, 2.7%-9.3%). The most prevalent illness symptoms were rhinorrhea/sneezing (prevalence range, 3.9%-12.7%) and coughing (prevalence range, 3.9%-11.9%). The incidence and prevalence of illness symptoms peaked at the same time as the influenza-like illness epidemic of the winter of 2015-2016. CONCLUSION Nine out of every 10 runners reported an RRI or illness symptom in the lead-up to a half or full marathon. In any 2-week period, up to 1 in 7 runners reported a new RRI or illness symptom. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(7):518-528. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8473.
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Hulme A, Mclean S, Salmon PM, Thompson J, Lane BR, Nielsen RO. Computational methods to model complex systems in sports injury research: agent-based modelling (ABM) and systems dynamics (SD) modelling. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1507-1510. [PMID: 30448782 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulme
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Mclean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Thompson
- Transport, Health and Urban Design (THUD) Research Hub, Melbourne School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ben R Lane
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, RunSafe Research Group, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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