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Sethi P, Mehan S, Khan Z, Maurya PK, Kumar N, Kumar A, Tiwari A, Sharma T, Das Gupta G, Narula AS, Kalfin R. The SIRT-1/Nrf2/HO-1 Axis: Guardians of Neuronal Health in Neurological Disorders. Behav Brain Res 2024:115280. [PMID: 39368713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that functions through nucleoplasmic transfer and is present in nearly all mammalian tissues. SIRT1 is believed to deacetylate its protein substrates, resulting in neuroprotective actions, including reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, increased autophagy, increased nerve growth factors, and preserved neuronal integrity in aging or neurological disease. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the genes responsible for oxidative stress response and substance detoxification. The activation of Nrf2 guards cells against oxidative damage, inflammation, and carcinogenic stimuli. Several neurological abnormalities and inflammatory disorders have been associated with variations in Nrf2 activation caused by either pharmacological or genetic factors. Recent evidence indicates that Nrf2 is at the center of a complex cellular regulatory network, establishing it as a transcription factor with genuine pleiotropy. HO-1 is most likely a component of a defense mechanism in cells under stress, as it provides negative feedback for cell activation and mediator synthesis. This mediator is upregulated by Nrf2, nitric oxide (NO), and other factors in various inflammatory states. HO-1 or its metabolites, such as CO, may mitigate inflammation by modulating signal transduction pathways. Neurological diseases may be effectively treated by modulating the activity of HO-1. Multiple studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 and Nrf2 share an important connection. SIRT1 enhances Nrf2, activates HO-1, protects against oxidative injury, and decreases neuronal death. This has been associated with numerous neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway may help treat various neurological disorders. This review focuses on the current understanding of the SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 neuroprotective processes and the potential therapeutic applications of their target activators in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Maurya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201204
| | - Aakash Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Tarun Sharma
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, Sofia1113, Bulgaria; Department of Healthcare, South-West University "NeofitRilski", Ivan Mihailov St. 66,Blagoevgrad 2700, Bulgaria
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Poletti M, Raballo A. Ontogenesis of self-disorders in the schizophrenia spectrum: A phenomenological neuro-developmental model. Schizophr Res 2024; 272:26-35. [PMID: 39181008 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The concept of basic Self-disorders (SD) captures the experiential aspects associated with vulnerability to schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). SD emerge prior to, and constitute the underlying structure for, the emergence of major diagnostic symptoms, including positive psychotic ones. SD are also detectable in populations with familial risk for SSD. This paper proposes a two-stage phenomenological-developmental model, exploring the early deficit in multisensory integration and their impact on the ontogeny of the Minimal Self in the first years of life. It also examines subsequent emergence of schizotaxic vulnerability, which later manifests as typical anomalies of subjectivity, such as basic symptoms and self-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Poletti
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Chair of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Cantonal Sociopsychiatric Organisation, Public Health Division, Department of Health and Social Care, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Switzerland.
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Poletti M, Raballo A. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and adolescents: Clinical, phenomenological, diagnostic, and prognostic features across subtypes. Schizophr Res 2024; 274:189-198. [PMID: 39341098 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) typically have a diagnostically recognizable onset in young adulthood, yet it is not unusual that help-seeking due to initial SSD-related clinical manifestations emerge in earlier developmental phases, such as childhood and adolescence. Varieties of SSD manifestations in children and adolescents can be distinguished according to variations in clinical expressivity, severity and timing (i.e. developmental stage). Some individuals may reach the full clinical threshold for a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the same descriptive diagnostic criteria used for adults, and in this case, it's possible to distinguish a pre-pubertal onset in childhood (aka Very Early Onset Schizophrenia, VEOS) and a post-pubertal onset in adolescence (aka Early Onset Schizophrenia, EOS). Other individuals may not reach such clinically overt diagnostic threshold but nonetheless present Childhood Schizotypal Disorder (CSD) or a Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHRP). While EOS is clinically more similar to the canonical adult-onset presentation, the other 3 subgroups (i.e. VEOS, CSD, CHRP) present more nuances and specific clinical characteristics, which require ad-hoc developmental and phenomenological considerations for appropriate differential diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, current scoping review intends to saturate such knowledge gap with respect to early SSD-phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Poletti
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Chair of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland; Public Health Division, Department of Health and Social Care, Cantonal Socio-Psychiatric Organization, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Switzerland
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4
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Sukno FM, Kelly BD, Lane A, Katina S, Rojas MA, Whelan PF, Waddington JL. Loss of normal facial asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Implications for development of brain asymmetry in psychotic illness. Psychiatry Res 2024; 342:116213. [PMID: 39326274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Development of the craniofacies occurs in embryological intimacy with development of the brain and both show normal left-right asymmetries. While facial dysmorphology occurs to excess in psychotic illness, facial asymmetry has yet to be investigated as a putative index of brain asymmetry. Ninety-three subjects (49 controls, 22 schizophrenia, 22 bipolar disorder) received 3D laser surface imaging of the face. On geometric morphometric analysis with (x, y, z) visualisations of statistical models for facial asymmetries, in controls the upper face and periorbital region, which share embryological intimacy with the forebrain, showed marked asymmetries. Their geometry included: along the x-axis, rightward asymmetry in its dorsal-medial aspects and leftward asymmetry in its ventral-lateral aspects; along the z-axis, anterior protrusion in its right ventral-lateral aspect. In both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder these normal facial asymmetries were diminished, with residual retention of asymmetries in bipolar disorder. This geometry of normal facial asymmetries shows commonalities with that of normal frontal lobe asymmetries. These findings indicate a trans-diagnostic process that involves loss of facial asymmetries in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Embryologically, they implicate loss of face-brain asymmetries across gestational weeks 7-14 in processes that involve genes previously associated with risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico M Sukno
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brendan D Kelly
- St. John of God Hospital, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abbie Lane
- St. John of God Hospital, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stanislav Katina
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mario A Rojas
- Centre for Image Processing and Analysis, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F Whelan
- Centre for Image Processing and Analysis, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Waddington JL, Wang X, Zhen X. 'Whole-Body' Perspectives of Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Illness: miRNA-143 as an Exemplary Molecule Implicated across Multi-System Dysfunctions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1185. [PMID: 39334950 PMCID: PMC11430658 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide array of biological abnormalities in psychotic illness appear to reflect non-cerebral involvement. This review first outlines the evidence for such a whole-body concept of schizophrenia pathobiology, focusing particularly on cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, immunity and inflammation, cancer, and the gut-brain axis. It then considers the roles of miRNAs in general and of miRNA-143 in particular as they relate to the epidemiology, pathobiology, and treatment of schizophrenia. This is followed by notable evidence that miRNA-143 is also implicated in each of these domains of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, immunity and inflammation, cancer, and the gut-brain axis. Thus, miRNA-143 is an exemplar of what may be a class of molecules that play a role across the multiple domains of bodily dysfunction that appear to characterize a whole-body perspective of illness in schizophrenia. Importantly, the existence of such an exemplary molecule across these multiple domains implies a coordinated rather than stochastic basis. One candidate process would be a pleiotropic effect of genetic risk for schizophrenia across the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
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Sullivan PF, Yao S, Hjerling-Leffler J. Schizophrenia genomics: genetic complexity and functional insights. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:611-624. [PMID: 39030273 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Determining the causes of schizophrenia has been a notoriously intractable problem, resistant to a multitude of investigative approaches over centuries. In recent decades, genomic studies have delivered hundreds of robust findings that implicate nearly 300 common genetic variants (via genome-wide association studies) and more than 20 rare variants (via whole-exome sequencing and copy number variant studies) as risk factors for schizophrenia. In parallel, functional genomic and neurobiological studies have provided exceptionally detailed information about the cellular composition of the brain and its interconnections in neurotypical individuals and, increasingly, in those with schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest unexpected complexity in the mechanisms that drive schizophrenia, pointing to the involvement of ensembles of genes (polygenicity) rather than single-gene causation. In this Review, we describe what we now know about the genetics of schizophrenia and consider the neurobiological implications of this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cameron D, Vinh NN, Prapaiwongs P, Perry EA, Walters JTR, Li M, O’Donovan MC, Bray NJ. Genetic Implication of Prenatal GABAergic and Cholinergic Neuron Development in Susceptibility to Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:1171-1184. [PMID: 38869145 PMCID: PMC11349020 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ganglionic eminences (GE) are fetal-specific structures that give rise to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and acetylcholine-releasing neurons of the forebrain. Given the evidence for GABAergic, cholinergic, and neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia, we tested the potential involvement of GE neuron development in mediating genetic risk for the condition. STUDY DESIGN We combined data from a recent large-scale genome-wide association study of schizophrenia with single-cell RNA sequencing data from the human GE to test the enrichment of schizophrenia risk variation in genes with high expression specificity for developing GE cell populations. We additionally performed the single nuclei Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing (snATAC-Seq) to map potential regulatory genomic regions operating in individual cell populations of the human GE, using these to test for enrichment of schizophrenia common genetic variant liability and to functionally annotate non-coding variants-associated with the disorder. STUDY RESULTS Schizophrenia common variant liability was enriched in genes with high expression specificity for developing neuron populations that are predicted to form dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the striatum, cortical somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons, calretinin-positive GABAergic neurons, and cholinergic neurons. Consistent with these findings, schizophrenia genetic risk was concentrated in predicted regulatory genomic sequence mapped in developing neuronal populations of the GE. CONCLUSIONS Our study implicates prenatal development of specific populations of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in later susceptibility to schizophrenia, and provides a map of predicted regulatory genomic elements operating in cells of the GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Cameron
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Parinda Prapaiwongs
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Perry
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Meng Li
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas J Bray
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Bosworth ML, Isles AR, Wilkinson LS, Humby T. Sex-dependent effects of Setd1a haploinsufficiency on development and adult behaviour. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298717. [PMID: 39141687 PMCID: PMC11324134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of function (LoF) mutations affecting the histone methyl transferase SETD1A are implicated in the aetiology of a range of neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia. We examined indices of development and adult behaviour in a mouse model of Setd1a haploinsufficiency, revealing a complex pattern of sex-related differences spanning the pre- and post-natal period. Specifically, male Setd1a+/- mice had smaller placentae at E11.5 and females at E18.5 without any apparent changes in foetal size. In contrast, young male Setd1a+/- mice had lower body weight and showed enhanced growth, leading to equivalent weights by adulthood. Embryonic whole brain RNA-seq analysis revealed expression changes that were significantly enriched for mitochondria-related genes in Setd1a+/ samples. In adulthood, we found enhanced acoustic startle responding in male Setd1a+/- mice which was insentitive to the effects of risperidone, but not haloperidol, both commonly used antipsychotic drugs. We also observed reduced pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle, a schizophrenia-relevant phenotype, in both male and female Setd1a+/- mice which could not be rescued by either drug. In the open field and elevated plus maze tests of anxiety, Setd1a haplosufficiency led to more anxiogenic behaviour in both sexes, whereas there were no differences in general motoric ability and memory. Thus, we find evidence for changes in a number of phenotypes which strengthen the support for the use of Setd1a haploinsufficient mice as a model for the biological basis of schizophrenia. Furthermore, our data point towards possible underpinning neural and developmental mechanisms that may be subtly different between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Bosworth
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R. Isles
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence S. Wilkinson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Humby
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Marín O. Parvalbumin interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 82:44-52. [PMID: 38490084 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons represent one of the most abundant subclasses of cortical interneurons. Owing to their specific electrophysiological and synaptic properties, PV+ interneurons are essential for gating and pacing the activity of excitatory neurons. In particular, PV+ interneurons are critically involved in generating and maintaining cortical rhythms in the gamma frequency, which are essential for complex cognitive functions. Deficits in PV+ interneurons have been frequently reported in postmortem studies of schizophrenia patients, and alterations in gamma oscillations are a prominent electrophysiological feature of the disease. Here, I summarise the main features of PV+ interneurons and review clinical and preclinical studies linking the developmental dysfunction of cortical PV+ interneurons with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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10
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Dolz M, Tor J, Puig O, de la Serna E, Muñoz-Samons D, Pardo M, Alvarez-Subiela X, Rodriguez-Pascual M, Sugranyes G, Ilzarbe D, Baeza I. Clinical and neurodevelopmental predictors of psychotic disorders in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: the CAPRIS study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02436-4. [PMID: 38642116 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia represents the disorder as an expression of an alteration during the brain development process early in life. Neurodevelopmental variables could become a trait marker, and the study of these variables in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) could identify a specific cluster of patients who later developed psychosis. The aim of this study is to describe clinical and neurodevelopment predictors of transition to psychosis in child and adolescent participants at CHR. Naturalistic longitudinal two-center study of 101 CHR and 110 healthy controls (HC) aged 10-17. CHR participants were children and adolescents aged 10-17, meeting one or more of the CHR criteria assessed at baseline and at 18 months' follow-up. Neurodevelopmental variables assessed were obstetric complications, delay in principal development milestones, and presence of a neurodevelopment diagnosis. Pairwise comparisons, linear regressions, and binary logistic regression were performed.A transition rate of 23.3% at 1.5 years was observed. Participants who developed psychosis (CHR-P) showed higher rates of grandiosity and higher proportions of antipsychotic medication intake at baseline compared to participants who did not develop a psychotic disorder (CHR-NP). In terms of neurodevelopment alterations, CHR-P group showed a higher proportion of participants reporting delay in language development than the CHR-NP and HC groups. The odds of psychosis increased by 6.238 CI 95% [1.276-30.492] for a one-unit increase in having a positive score in grandiosity; they increased by 4.257 95% CI [1.293-14.023] for a one-unit increase in taking antipsychotic medication, and by 4.522 95% [1.185-64.180] for showing language development delay. However, the p-values did not reach significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons.A combination of clinical and neurodevelopmental alterations could help predict the transition to psychotic disorder in a CHR child and adolescent sample. Our results suggest the potential utility of collecting information about neurodevelopment and using these variable multifactorial models to predict psychosis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Dolz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordina Tor
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain.
| | - Olga Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, Barcelona, SGR2021-01319, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Samons
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Marta Pardo
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Xavier Alvarez-Subiela
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Marta Rodriguez-Pascual
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002,Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Daniel Ilzarbe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, Barcelona, SGR2021-01319, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
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Cilia BJ, Eratne D, Wannan C, Malpas C, Janelidze S, Hansson O, Everall I, Bousman C, Thomas N, Santillo AF, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C. Associations between structural brain changes and blood neurofilament light chain protein in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.07.24305362. [PMID: 38645076 PMCID: PMC11030485 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.07.24305362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis Around 30% of people with schizophrenia are refractory to antipsychotic treatment (treatment-resistant schizophrenia; TRS). While abnormal structural neuroimaging findings, in particular volume and thickness reductions, are often observed in schizophrenia, it is anticipated that biomarkers of neuronal injury like neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) can improve our understanding of the pathological basis underlying schizophrenia. The current study aimed to determine whether people with TRS demonstrate different associations between plasma NfL levels and regional cortical thickness reductions compared with controls. Study Design Measurements of plasma NfL and cortical thickness were obtained from 39 individuals with TRS, and 43 healthy controls. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences were obtained and processed via FreeSurfer. General linear mixed models adjusting for age and weight were estimated to determine whether the interaction between diagnostic group and plasma NfL level predicted lower cortical thickness across frontotemporal structures and the insula. Study Results Significant (false discovery rate corrected) cortical thinning of the left ( p = 0.001, η 2p = 0.104) and right ( p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.167) insula was associated with higher levels of plasma NfL in TRS, but not in healthy controls. Conclusions The association between regional thickness reduction of the insula bilaterally and plasma NfL may reflect a neurodegenerative process during the course of TRS. The findings of the present study suggest that some level of cortical degeneration localised to the bilateral insula may exist in people with TRS, which is not observed in the normal population.
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12
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Murillo-García N, Soler J, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Miguel-Corredera M, Barrio-Martinez S, Setién-Suero E, Papiol S, Fatjó-Vilas M, Ayesa-Arriola R. Familiality of the Intelligence Quotient in First Episode Psychosis: Is the Degree of Family Resemblance Associated With Different Profiles? Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:304-316. [PMID: 37314865 PMCID: PMC10919788 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS There is uncertainty about the relationship between the family intelligence quotient (IQ) deviation and the risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). This study tested the hypothesis that IQ is familial in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and that their degree of familial resemblance is associated with different profiles. STUDY DESIGN The participants of the PAFIP-FAMILIAS project (129 FEP patients, 143 parents, and 97 siblings) completed the same neuropsychological battery. IQ-familiality was estimated through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). For each family, the intra-family resemblance score (IRS) was calculated as an index of familial similarity. The FEP patients were subgrouped and compared according to their IRS and IQ. STUDY RESULTS IQ-familiality was low-moderate (ICC = 0.259). A total of 44.9% of the FEP patients had a low IRS, indicating discordancy with their family-IQ. Of these patients, those with low IQ had more schizophrenia diagnosis and a trend towards poorer premorbid adjustment in childhood and early adolescence. Whereas FEP patients with low IQ closely resembling their family-IQ were characterized by having the lowest performance in executive functions. CONCLUSIONS The deviation from the familial cognitive performance may be related to a particular pathological process in SSD. Individuals with low IQ who do not reach their cognitive familial potential show difficulties in adjustment since childhood, probably influenced by environmental factors. Instead, FEP patients with high phenotypic family resemblance might have a more significant genetic burden for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Jordi Soler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Victor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Sara Barrio-Martinez
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country 48014, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona 08830, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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13
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Misiak B, Pawlak E, Rembacz K, Kotas M, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Samochowiec J, Samochowiec A, Karpiński P. Associations of gut microbiota alterations with clinical, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory characteristics of chronic schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:152-160. [PMID: 38281465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The present study had the following aims: 1) to compare gut microbiota composition in patients with schizophrenia and controls and 2) to investigate the association of differentially abundant bacterial taxa with markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis as well as clinical manifestation. A total of 115 patients with schizophrenia during remission of positive and disorganization symptoms, and 119 controls were enrolled. Altogether, 32 peripheral blood markers were assessed. A higher abundance of Eisenbergiella, Family XIII AD3011 group, Eggerthella, Hungatella, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Coprobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, Ligilactobacillus, Eubacterium fissicatena group, and Clostridium innocuum group in patients with schizophrenia was found. The abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides was decreased in patients with schizophrenia. Differentially abundant genera were associated with altered levels of immune-inflammatory markers, zonulin, lipid profile components, and insulin resistance. Moreover, several correlations of differentially abundant genera with cognitive impairment, higher severity of negative symptoms, and worse social functioning were observed. The association of Methanobrevibacter abundance with the level of negative symptoms, cognition, and social functioning appeared to be mediated by the levels of interleukin-6 and RANTES. In turn, the association of Hungatella with the performance of attention was mediated by the levels of zonulin. The findings indicate that compositional alterations of gut microbiota observed in patients with schizophrenia correspond with clinical manifestation, intestinal permeability, subclinical inflammation, lipid profile alterations, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Subclinical inflammation and impaired gut permeability might mediate the association of gut microbiota alterations with psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rembacz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kotas
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Samochowiec
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Delphin N, Aust C, Griffiths L, Fernandez F. Epigenetic Regulation in Schizophrenia: Focus on Methylation and Histone Modifications in Human Studies. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:272. [PMID: 38540331 PMCID: PMC10970389 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research over the last few decades, the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) remains unclear. SZ is a pathological disorder that is highly debilitating and deeply affects the lifestyle and minds of those affected. Several factors (one or in combination) have been reported as contributors to SZ pathogenesis, including neurodevelopmental, environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and post-translational modification (PTM) of histone proteins are potentially contributing epigenetic processes involved in transcriptional activity, chromatin folding, cell division and apoptotic processes, and DNA damage and repair. After establishing a summary of epigenetic processes in the context of schizophrenia, this review aims to highlight the current understanding of the role of DNA methylation and histone PTMs in this disorder and their potential roles in schizophrenia pathophysiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Delphin
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia; (N.D.)
| | - Caitlin Aust
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia; (N.D.)
| | - Lyn Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia; (N.D.)
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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15
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Tandon R, Nasrallah H, Akbarian S, Carpenter WT, DeLisi LE, Gaebel W, Green MF, Gur RE, Heckers S, Kane JM, Malaspina D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murray R, Owen M, Smoller JW, Yassin W, Keshavan M. The schizophrenia syndrome, circa 2024: What we know and how that informs its nature. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:1-28. [PMID: 38086109 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
With new data about different aspects of schizophrenia being continually generated, it becomes necessary to periodically revisit exactly what we know. Along with a need to review what we currently know about schizophrenia, there is an equal imperative to evaluate the construct itself. With these objectives, we undertook an iterative, multi-phase process involving fifty international experts in the field, with each step building on learnings from the prior one. This review assembles currently established findings about schizophrenia (construct, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical expression, treatment) and posits what they reveal about its nature. Schizophrenia is a heritable, complex, multi-dimensional syndrome with varying degrees of psychotic, negative, cognitive, mood, and motor manifestations. The illness exhibits a remitting and relapsing course, with varying degrees of recovery among affected individuals with most experiencing significant social and functional impairment. Genetic risk factors likely include thousands of common genetic variants that each have a small impact on an individual's risk and a plethora of rare gene variants that have a larger individual impact on risk. Their biological effects are concentrated in the brain and many of the same variants also increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Environmental risk factors include but are not limited to urban residence in childhood, migration, older paternal age at birth, cannabis use, childhood trauma, antenatal maternal infection, and perinatal hypoxia. Structural, functional, and neurochemical brain alterations implicate multiple regions and functional circuits. Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists and partial agonists improve psychotic symptoms and reduce risk of relapse. Certain psychological and psychosocial interventions are beneficial. Early intervention can reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes. Schizophrenia is increasingly considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome and not a singular disease entity. There is no necessary or sufficient etiology, pathology, set of clinical features, or treatment that fully circumscribes this syndrome. A single, common pathophysiological pathway appears unlikely. The boundaries of schizophrenia remain fuzzy, suggesting the absence of a categorical fit and need to reconceptualize it as a broader, multi-dimensional and/or spectrum construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, WMU Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States of America.
| | - Henry Nasrallah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - William T Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Dusseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America; Greater Los Angeles Veterans' Administration Healthcare System, United States of America
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetics, and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannhein/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robin Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Michael Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Walid Yassin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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16
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Tor J, Baeza I, Sintes-Estevez A, De la Serna E, Puig O, Muñoz-Samons D, Álvarez-Subiela J, Sugranyes G, Dolz M. Cognitive predictors of transition and remission of psychosis risk syndrome in a child and adolescent sample: longitudinal findings from the CAPRIS study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:89-104. [PMID: 36598585 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are proposed as predictors in the differentiation between subjects with psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) who will develop a psychotic disorder (PRS-P) and those who will not (PRS-NP). More in-depth study of the PRS-NP group could contribute to defining the role of cognitive alterations in psychosis. This study aims to analyze cognition of children and adolescents with PRS in terms of their clinical outcome at 18-month follow-up (psychosis, remission, and non-remission) and of determinate predictors of transition to psychosis and remission of PRS. The method is two-site, naturalistic, longitudinal study design, with 98 help-seeking adolescents with PRS and 64 healthy controls (HC). PRS-P (n = 24) and PRS-NP (n = 74) participants were clinically and cognitively assessed at baseline, and when full-blown psychotic disorder had developed or at 18-month follow-up. PRS-P subjects showed lower scores at baseline in processing speed, visuospatial memory, attention, and executive function (cognitive flexibility/processing speed) compared to HC. PRS-NP subjects showed lower baseline scores in verbal working memory and verbal fluency compared to HC. This deficit is also observed in the PRS group of participants still presenting attenuated psychotic symptoms at 18-month follow-up, while PRS subjects in remission showed a similar cognitive profile to HC subjects. Baseline score on processing speed, measured with a coding task, appeared to be a predictive variable for the development of a psychotic disorder. Performance in verbal working memory was predictive of remission in the PRS-NP. Post hoc comparisons indicate the need for careful interpretation of cognitive markers as predictors of psychosis. Cognitive impairments are present in both PRS-P and PRS-NP. Those individuals who recover from PRS show baseline cognitive performance comparable to the HC group. Together with sociodemographic variables, this observation could help in the differentiation of a variety of PRS trajectories in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordina Tor
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, (2017SGR881), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (CERCA-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Health Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sintes-Estevez
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, (2017SGR881), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, (2017SGR881), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (CERCA-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Samons
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Álvarez-Subiela
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari of Barcelona, (2017SGR881), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (CERCA-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 002, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Van Dyken PC, MacKinley M, Khan AR, Palaniyappan L. Cortical Network Disruption Is Minimal in Early Stages of Psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2024; 5:sgae010. [PMID: 39144115 PMCID: PMC11207789 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis Schizophrenia is associated with white matter disruption and topological reorganization of cortical connectivity but the trajectory of these changes, from the first psychotic episode to established illness, is poorly understood. Current studies in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) suggest such disruption may be detectable at the onset of psychosis, but specific results vary widely, and few reports have contextualized their findings with direct comparison to young adults with established illness. Study Design Diffusion and T1-weighted 7T MR scans were obtained from N = 112 individuals (58 with untreated FEP, 17 with established schizophrenia, 37 healthy controls) recruited from London, Ontario. Voxel- and network-based analyses were used to detect changes in diffusion microstructural parameters. Graph theory metrics were used to probe changes in the cortical network hierarchy and to assess the vulnerability of hub regions to disruption. The analysis was replicated with N = 111 (57 patients, 54 controls) from the Human Connectome Project-Early Psychosis (HCP-EP) dataset. Study Results Widespread microstructural changes were found in people with established illness, but changes in FEP patients were minimal. Unlike the established illness group, no appreciable topological changes in the cortical network were observed in FEP patients. These results were replicated in the early psychosis patients of the HCP-EP datasets, which were indistinguishable from controls in most metrics. Conclusions The white matter structural changes observed in established schizophrenia are not a prominent feature in the early stages of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Van Dyken
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael MacKinley
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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18
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Cullen AE, Labad J, Oliver D, Al-Diwani A, Minichino A, Fusar-Poli P. The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:350-377. [PMID: 36946486 PMCID: PMC10845079 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322145049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be fully elucidated. Much of the research in this field has investigated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and immuno-inflammatory processes among individuals with established psychotic disorders. However, as such studies are limited in their ability to provide knowledge that can be used to develop preventative interventions, it is important to shift the focus to individuals with increased vulnerability for psychosis (i.e., high-risk groups). In the present article, we provide an overview of the current methods for identifying individuals at high-risk for psychosis and review the psychosocial stressors that have been most consistently associated with psychosis risk. We then describe a network of interacting physiological systems that are hypothesised to mediate the relationship between psychosocial stress and the manifestation of psychotic illness and critically review evidence that abnormalities within these systems characterise highrisk populations. We found that studies of high-risk groups have yielded highly variable findings, likely due to (i) the heterogeneity both within and across high-risk samples, (ii) the diversity of psychosocial stressors implicated in psychosis, and (iii) that most studies examine single markers of isolated neurobiological systems. We propose that to move the field forward, we require well-designed, largescale translational studies that integrate multi-domain, putative stress-related biomarkers to determine their prognostic value in high-risk samples. We advocate that such investigations are highly warranted, given that psychosocial stress is undoubtedly a relevant risk factor for psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E. Cullen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Labad
- CIBERSAM, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Al-Diwani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Minichino
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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19
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Cameron D, Vinh NN, Prapaiwongs P, Perry EA, Walters JTR, Li M, O’Donovan MC, Bray NJ. Genetic implication of prenatal GABAergic and cholinergic neuron development in susceptibility to schizophrenia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.14.23299948. [PMID: 38168283 PMCID: PMC10760267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.23299948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background The ganglionic eminences are fetal-specific structures that give rise to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and acetylcholine- releasing neurons of the forebrain. Given evidence for GABAergic and cholinergic disturbances in schizophrenia, as well as an early neurodevelopmental component to the disorder, we tested the potential involvement of developing cells of the ganglionic eminences in mediating genetic risk for the condition. Study Design We combined data from a recent large-scale genome-wide association study of schizophrenia with single cell RNA sequencing data from the human ganglionic eminences to test enrichment of schizophrenia risk variation in genes with high expression specificity for particular developing cell populations within these structures. We additionally performed the single nuclei Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing (snATAC-Seq) to map potential regulatory genomic regions operating in individual cell populations of the human ganglionic eminences, using these to additionally test for enrichment of schizophrenia common genetic variant liability and to functionally annotate non-coding variants associated with the disorder. Study Results Schizophrenia common variant liability was enriched in genes with high expression specificity for developing neuron populations that are predicted to form dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the striatum, cortical somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons, calretinin-positive GABAergic neurons and cholinergic neurons. Consistent with these findings, schizophrenia genetic risk was also concentrated in predicted regulatory genomic sequence mapped in developing neuronal populations of the ganglionic eminences. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for a role of prenatal GABAergic and cholinergic neuron development in later susceptibility to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Cameron
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Parinda Prapaiwongs
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Perry
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James T. R. Walters
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Li
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. O’Donovan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Bray
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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20
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Dondé C, Dubertret C, Fond G, Andre M, Berna F, Boyer L, Capdevielle D, Chereau I, Coulon N, Dorey JM, Leignier S, Llorca PM, Misdrahi D, Passerieux C, Pignon B, Rey R, Schorr B, Schürhoff F, Urbach M, Polosan M, Mallet J. History of learning disorders is associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes in schizophrenia: results from the multicentric FACE-SZ cross-sectional dataset. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1773-1783. [PMID: 36583738 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with early neurodevelopmental disorders, including most frequently learning disorders (LD), among them dyslexia and dyspraxia. Despite the demonstrated links between schizophrenia and LD, specific clinical patterns of the schizophrenia with a history of LD subgroup remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive impairment, symptoms and functional outcome associated with a history of LD in a large cross-sectional, multicentric, sample of schizophrenia subjects. 492 community-dwelling subjects with schizophrenia (75.6% male, mean age 30.8 years) were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert Centers for Schizophrenia in France and received a thorough clinical assessment. The 51 (10.4%) subjects identified with a history of LD had significantly impaired general cognitive ability (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Full Scale Total IQ: Cohen's d = 0.50, p = 0.001), processing speed (d = 0.19), verbal comprehension (d = 0.29), working memory (d = 0.31), cognitive inhibition and flexibility (d = 0.26), central executive functioning (d = 0.26), phonemic verbal fluency (d = 0.22) and premorbid intellectual ability (d = 0.48), as well as with a worse functional outcome (Global Assessment of Functioning, d = 0.21), independently of age, sex, education level, symptoms, treatments, and addiction comorbidities. These results indicate that a history of LD is associated with later cognitive impairment and functional outcome in schizophrenia. This suggests that history of LD is a relevant clinical marker to discriminate subgroups of patients with schizophrenia with different profiles in a precision psychiatry framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dondé
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Adult Psychiatry Department CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Psychiatry Department, CH Alpes-Isère, 38000, Saint-Egrève, France.
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279: CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ., 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Myrtille Andre
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279: CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ., 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chereau
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- University Clermont Auvergne, CMP-B CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Coulon
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale et de Remédiation Cognitive (C3R), CH Alpes Isère, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 Bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Leignier
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale et de Remédiation Cognitive (C3R), CH Alpes Isère, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- University Clermont Auvergne, CMP-B CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Misdrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287-INCIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Passerieux
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Addictology, Versailles Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78157, Le Chesnay, France
- DisAP-DevPsy-CESP, INSERM UMR1018, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France Inserm, U955, Equipe 15 Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Romain Rey
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 Bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Schorr
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France Inserm, U955, Equipe 15 Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Urbach
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Addictology, Versailles Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78157, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Adult Psychiatry Department CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Psychiatry Department, CH Alpes-Isère, 38000, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Jasmina Mallet
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
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21
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Shao Y, Cai Y, Chen T, Hao K, Luo B, Wang X, Guo W, Su X, Lv L, Yang Y, Li W. Impaired erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular B receptors signaling in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following maternal immune activation in male rats. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12863. [PMID: 37575018 PMCID: PMC10733575 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
An environmental risk factor for schizophrenia (SZ) is maternal infection, which exerts longstanding effects on the neurodevelopment of offspring. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic disturbances may contribute to the pathology of the disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular B (EphB) receptor signaling plays an important role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the formation and maturation of dendritic spines and regulating excitatory neurotransmission. We examined whether EphB receptors and downstream associated proteins are susceptible to environmental risk factors implicated in the etiology of synaptic disturbances in SZ. Using an established rodent model, which closely imitates the characteristics of SZ, we observed the behavioral performance and synaptic structure of male offspring in adolescence and early adulthood. We then analyzed the expression of EphB receptors and associated proteins in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Maternal immune activation offspring showed significantly progressive cognitive impairment and pre-pulse inhibition deficits together with an increase in the expression of EphB2 receptors and NMDA receptor subunits. We also found changes in EphB receptor downstream signaling, in particular, a decrease in phospho-cofilin levels which may explain the reduced dendritic spine density. Besides, we found that the AMPA glutamate, another glutamate ionic receptor associated with cofilin, decreased significantly in maternal immune activation offspring. Thus, alterations in EphB signaling induced by immune activation during pregnancy may underlie disruptions in synaptic plasticity and function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus associated with behavioral and cognitive impairment. These findings may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Shao
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yaqi Cai
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Keke Hao
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Binbin Luo
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Weiyun Guo
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Stem Cell and Biological Treatment Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental DisorderXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental DisorderXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental DisorderXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental DisorderXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
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Feybesse C, Chokron S, Tordjman S. Melatonin in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Critical Literature Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2017. [PMID: 38001870 PMCID: PMC10669594 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents a review of the relationships between melatonin and neurodevelopmental disorders. First, the antioxidant properties of melatonin and its physiological effects are considered to understand better the role of melatonin in typical and atypical neurodevelopment. Then, several neurodevelopmental disorders occurring during infancy, such as autism spectrum disorder or neurogenetic disorders associated with autism (including Smith-Magenis syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Rett's syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, or Williams-Beuren syndrome) and neurodevelopmental disorders occurring later in adulthood like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are discussed with regard to impaired melatonin production and circadian rhythms, in particular, sleep-wake rhythms. This article addresses the issue of overlapping symptoms that are commonly observed within these different mental conditions and debates the role of abnormal melatonin production and altered circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology and behavioral expression of these neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Feybesse
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Regnier, 154 rue de Châtillon, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Chokron
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (INCC), CNRS UMR 8002, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Sylvie Tordjman
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Regnier, 154 rue de Châtillon, 35000 Rennes, France
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (INCC), CNRS UMR 8002, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
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23
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Forsyth JK, Bearden CE. Rethinking the First Episode of Schizophrenia: Identifying Convergent Mechanisms During Development and Moving Toward Prediction. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:792-804. [PMID: 37908094 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Forsyth
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle (Forsyth); Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (Bearden)
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle (Forsyth); Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (Bearden)
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24
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Gelner H, Karska J, Gawęda Ł, Samochowiec J, Misiak B. Effects of the interaction between PTSD and ADHD symptoms on the level of reporting psychotic-like experiences: findings from a non-clinical population. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232606. [PMID: 37867761 PMCID: PMC10587572 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are increasingly being recognized as subclinical phenomena that might predict the development of various mental disorders that are not limited to the psychosis spectrum. Accumulating evidence suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid mental disorders. However, their interactive effect on the occurrence of PLEs has not been investigated so far. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate the effect of interaction between ADHD and PTSD symptoms on the level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the non-clinical sample. Methods The study included 3,000 individuals aged 18-35 years with a negative history of psychiatric treatment. The symptoms of ADHD and PTSD were assessed using self-reports. Results There was a significant association of the interaction between ADHD and PTSD with the level of reporting PLEs. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, the level of education, the current vocational situation, lifetime history of problematic substance use, and depressive symptoms. Post-hoc tests demonstrated significantly higher levels of reporting PLEs in participants with positive screening for both ADHD and PTSD compared to other subgroups of participants. Also, individuals with positive screening for one vulnerability (either ADHD or PTSD) reported significantly higher levels of reporting PLEs compared to those with a negative screening for ADHD and PTSD. In turn, no significant differences between individuals reporting one vulnerability, i.e., between those with positive screening for ADHD and those with positive screening for PTSD, were observed. Conclusion Findings from the present study imply that both PTSD and ADHD symptoms the interaction effect on the level of reporting PLEs that might be of importance for early intervention strategies. However, observed associations require replication in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gelner
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kuo SS, Ventura J, Forsyth JK, Subotnik KL, Turner LR, Nuechterlein KH. Developmental trajectories of premorbid functioning predict cognitive remediation treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6132-6141. [PMID: 36349373 PMCID: PMC10166766 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive development after schizophrenia onset can be shaped by interventions such as cognitive remediation, yet no study to date has investigated whether patterns of early behavioral development may predict later cognitive changes following intervention. We therefore investigated the extent to which premorbid adjustment trajectories predict cognitive remediation gains in schizophrenia. METHODS In a total sample of 215 participants (170 first-episode schizophrenia participants and 45 controls), we classified premorbid functioning trajectories from childhood through late adolescence using the Cannon-Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. For the 62 schizophrenia participants who underwent 6 months of computer-assisted, bottom-up cognitive remediation interventions, we identified MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery scores for which participants demonstrated mean changes after intervention, then evaluated whether developmental trajectories predicted these changes. RESULTS Growth mixture models supported three premorbid functioning trajectories: stable-good, deteriorating, and stable-poor adjustment. Schizophrenia participants demonstrated significant cognitive remediation gains in processing speed, verbal learning, and overall cognition. Notably, participants with stable-poor trajectories demonstrated significantly greater improvements in processing speed compared to participants with deteriorating trajectories. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge to characterize the associations between premorbid functioning trajectories and cognitive remediation gains after schizophrenia onset, indicating that 6 months of bottom-up cognitive remediation appears to be sufficient to yield a full standard deviation gain in processing speed for individuals with early, enduring functioning difficulties. Our findings highlight the connection between trajectories of premorbid and postmorbid functioning in schizophrenia and emphasize the utility of considering the lifespan developmental course in personalizing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S. Kuo
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Joseph Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Luana R. Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Keith H. Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
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Eichenauer H, Ehlert U. The association between prenatal famine, DNA methylation and mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:152. [PMID: 37716973 PMCID: PMC10505322 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition in pregnant women is an unfavorable environmental condition that can affect the intrauterine development via epigenetic mechanisms and thus have long-lasting detrimental consequences for the mental health of the offspring later in life. One epigenetic mechanism that has been associated with mental disorders and undernutrition is alterations in DNA methylation. The effect of prenatal undernutrition on the mental health of adult offspring can be analyzed through quasi-experimental studies such as famine studies. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyze the association between prenatal famine exposure, DNA methylation, and mental disorders in adult offspring. We further investigate whether altered DNA methylation as a result of prenatal famine exposure is prospectively linked to mental disorders. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the databases PubMed and PsycINFO to identify relevant records up to September 2022 on offspring whose mothers experienced famine directly before and/or during pregnancy, examining the impact of prenatal famine exposure on the offspring's DNA methylation and/or mental disorders or symptoms. RESULTS The systematic review showed that adults who were prenatally exposed to famine had an increased risk of schizophrenia and depression. Several studies reported an association between prenatal famine exposure and hyper- or hypomethylation of specific genes. The largest number of studies reported differences in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene. Altered DNA methylation of the DUSP22 gene mediated the association between prenatal famine exposure and schizophrenia in adult offspring. Meta-analysis confirmed the increased risk of schizophrenia following prenatal famine exposure. For DNA methylation, meta-analysis was not suitable due to different microarrays/data processing approaches and/or unavailable data. CONCLUSION Prenatal famine exposure is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders and DNA methylation changes. The findings suggest that changes in DNA methylation of genes involved in neuronal, neuroendocrine, and immune processes may be a mechanism that promotes the development of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression in adult offspring. Such findings are crucial given that undernutrition has risen worldwide, increasing the risk of famine and thus also of negative effects on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Eichenauer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Owen MJ, Legge SE, Rees E, Walters JTR, O'Donovan MC. Genomic findings in schizophrenia and their implications. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3638-3647. [PMID: 37853064 PMCID: PMC10730422 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been substantial progress in understanding the genetics of schizophrenia over the past 15 years. This has revealed a highly polygenic condition with the majority of the currently explained heritability coming from common alleles of small effect but with additional contributions from rare copy number and coding variants. Many specific genes and loci have been implicated that provide a firm basis upon which mechanistic research can proceed. These point to disturbances in neuronal, and particularly synaptic, functions that are not confined to a small number of brain regions and circuits. Genetic findings have also revealed the nature of schizophrenia's close relationship to other conditions, particularly bipolar disorder and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, and provided an explanation for how common risk alleles persist in the population in the face of reduced fecundity. Current genomic approaches only potentially explain around 40% of heritability, but only a small proportion of this is attributable to robustly identified loci. The extreme polygenicity poses challenges for understanding biological mechanisms. The high degree of pleiotropy points to the need for more transdiagnostic research and the shortcomings of current diagnostic criteria as means of delineating biologically distinct strata. It also poses challenges for inferring causality in observational and experimental studies in both humans and model systems. Finally, the Eurocentric bias of genomic studies needs to be rectified to maximise benefits and ensure these are felt across diverse communities. Further advances are likely to come through the application of new and emerging technologies, such as whole-genome and long-read sequencing, to large and diverse samples. Substantive progress in biological understanding will require parallel advances in functional genomics and proteomics applied to the brain across developmental stages. For these efforts to succeed in identifying disease mechanisms and defining novel strata they will need to be combined with sufficiently granular phenotypic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Sophie E Legge
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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28
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Zhang T, Wei Y, Cui H, Tang X, Xu L, Hu Y, Tang Y, Liu H, Chen T, Li C, Wang J. Associations between age and neurocognition in individuals at clinical high risk and first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115385. [PMID: 37567111 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits differ with age during the early stages of psychosis. This study aimed to explore age-related differences (9-35 years old) in the neurocognitive performance of a large clinical population. In total, 1059 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 794 individuals with a clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR), and 774 well-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited between 2016 and 2021. Neurocognitive assessments were performed using the Chinese version of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Battery(MCCB). The MCCB subtest scores differed significantly among the groups across the age span. The mean scores of subtests in CHR individuals were approximately one standard deviation(SD) lower than that of HC, while that of FEP patients was approximately two SDs. The adolescents performed better than the adults in the HC, CHR, and FEP groups. In the HC group, a stronger correlation was found between age and cognitive function, and more neurocognitive domains were affected by age than in the CHR and FEP groups. These results emphasize that neurocognitive deficits in psychosis are present at the pre-onset stage and deteriorate at the first-episode stage across the age span, implicating the development of specific strategies that could monitor the cognitive trajectory in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - YanYan Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - HuiRu Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - XiaoChen Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - YeGang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - YingYing Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - HaiChun Liu
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Senior Research Fellow, Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - ChunBo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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du Plessis S, Chand GB, Erus G, Phahladira L, Luckhoff HK, Smit R, Asmal L, Wolf DH, Davatzikos C, Emsley R. Two Neuroanatomical Signatures in Schizophrenia: Expression Strengths Over the First 2 Years of Treatment and Their Relationships to Neurodevelopmental Compromise and Antipsychotic Treatment. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1067-1077. [PMID: 37043772 PMCID: PMC10318886 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Two machine learning derived neuroanatomical signatures were recently described. Signature 1 is associated with widespread grey matter volume reductions and signature 2 with larger basal ganglia and internal capsule volumes. We hypothesized that they represent the neurodevelopmental and treatment-responsive components of schizophrenia respectively. STUDY DESIGN We assessed the expression strength trajectories of these signatures and evaluated their relationships with indicators of neurodevelopmental compromise and with antipsychotic treatment effects in 83 previously minimally treated individuals with a first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder who received standardized treatment and underwent comprehensive clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging assessments over 24 months. Ninety-six matched healthy case-controls were included. STUDY RESULTS Linear mixed effect repeated measures models indicated that the patients had stronger expression of signature 1 than controls that remained stable over time and was not related to treatment. Stronger signature 1 expression showed trend associations with lower educational attainment, poorer sensory integration, and worse cognitive performance for working memory, verbal learning and reasoning and problem solving. The most striking finding was that signature 2 expression was similar for patients and controls at baseline but increased significantly with treatment in the patients. Greater increase in signature 2 expression was associated with larger reductions in PANSS total score and increases in BMI and not associated with neurodevelopmental indices. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide supporting evidence for two distinct neuroanatomical signatures representing the neurodevelopmental and treatment-responsive components of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ganesh B Chand
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Radiology and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Guray Erus
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lebogang Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hilmar K Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Retha Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laila Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sebastian R, Jin K, Pavon N, Bansal R, Potter A, Song Y, Babu J, Gabriel R, Sun Y, Aronow B, Pak C. Schizophrenia-associated NRXN1 deletions induce developmental-timing- and cell-type-specific vulnerabilities in human brain organoids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3770. [PMID: 37355690 PMCID: PMC10290702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations and copy number deletions in NRXN1 (2p16.3) pose a significant risk for schizophrenia (SCZ). It is unclear how NRXN1 deletions impact cortical development in a cell type-specific manner and disease background modulates these phenotypes. Here, we leveraged human pluripotent stem cell-derived forebrain organoid models carrying NRXN1 heterozygous deletions in isogenic and SCZ patient genetic backgrounds and conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis over the course of brain organoid development from 3 weeks to 3.5 months. Intriguingly, while both deletions similarly impacted molecular pathways associated with ubiquitin-proteasome system, alternative splicing, and synaptic signaling in maturing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, SCZ-NRXN1 deletions specifically perturbed developmental trajectories of early neural progenitors and accumulated disease-specific transcriptomic signatures. Using calcium imaging, we found that both deletions led to long-lasting changes in spontaneous and synchronous neuronal networks, implicating synaptic dysfunction. Our study reveals developmental-timing- and cell-type-dependent actions of NRXN1 deletions in unique genetic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sebastian
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience & Behavior, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kang Jin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Narciso Pavon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ruby Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Andrew Potter
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yoonjae Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Juliana Babu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rafael Gabriel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45256, USA
| | - ChangHui Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Kotsiri I, Resta P, Spyrantis A, Panotopoulos C, Chaniotis D, Beloukas A, Magiorkinis E. Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2023; 15:1345. [PMID: 37376644 DOI: 10.3390/v15061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Viral infections have been suggested to be one of the environmental factors associated with the development of this disorder. We comprehensively review all relevant published literature focusing on the relationship between schizophrenia and various viral infections, such as influenza virus, herpes virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), retrovirus, coronavirus, and Borna virus. These viruses may interfere with the normal maturation of the brain directly or through immune-induced mediators, such as cytokines, leading to the onset of schizophrenia. Changes in the expression of critical genes and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines have been linked to virally-induced infections and relevant immune activities in schizophrenia. Future research is necessary to understand this relationship better and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kotsiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklipeion General Hospital, Voulas, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Spyrantis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklipeion General Hospital, Voulas, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Chaniotis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
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32
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Levitt JJ, Zhang F, Vangel M, Nestor PG, Rathi Y, Cetin-Karayumak S, Kubicki M, Coleman MJ, Lewandowski KE, Holt DJ, Keshavan M, Bouix S, Öngür D, Breier A, Shenton ME, O'Donnell LJ. The organization of frontostriatal brain wiring in non-affective early psychosis compared with healthy subjects using a novel diffusion imaging fiber cluster analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2301-2311. [PMID: 37173451 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in brain connectivity may underlie neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. We here assessed the degree of convergence of frontostriatal fiber projections in 56 young adult healthy controls (HCs) and 108 matched Early Psychosis-Non-Affective patients (EP-NAs) using our novel fiber cluster analysis of whole brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography. METHODS Using whole brain tractography and our fiber clustering methodology on harmonized diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis we identified 17 white matter fiber clusters that connect frontal cortex (FCtx) and caudate (Cd) per hemisphere in each group. To quantify the degree of convergence and, hence, topographical relationship of these fiber clusters, we measured the inter-cluster mean distances between the endpoints of the fiber clusters at the level of the FCtx and of the Cd, respectively. RESULTS We found (1) in both groups, bilaterally, a non-linear relationship, yielding convex curves, between FCtx and Cd distances for FCtx-Cd connecting fiber clusters, driven by a cluster projecting from inferior frontal gyrus; however, in the right hemisphere, the convex curve was more flattened in EP-NAs; (2) that cluster pairs in the right (p = 0.03), but not left (p = 0.13), hemisphere were significantly more convergent in HCs vs EP-NAs; (3) in both groups, bilaterally, similar clusters projected significantly convergently to the Cd; and, (4) a significant group by fiber cluster pair interaction for 2 right hemisphere fiber clusters (numbers 5, 11; p = .00023; p = .00023) originating in selective PFC subregions. CONCLUSIONS In both groups, we found the FCtx-Cd wiring pattern deviated from a strictly topographic relationship and that similar clusters projected significantly more convergently to the Cd. Interestingly, we also found a significantly more convergent pattern of connectivity in HCs in the right hemisphere and that 2 clusters from PFC subregions in the right hemisphere significantly differed in their pattern of connectivity between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Levitt
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Vangel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - P G Nestor
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Y Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S Cetin-Karayumak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M J Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K E Lewandowski
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - D J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - S Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - D Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - A Breier
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - L J O'Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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33
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Ergül C, Aydın C, Shukurov B, Şalçini C, Tabak NA, Dilbaz N. The Development of Psychosis in Patients with Substance Use Disorder and Its Association with Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Adhesio Interthalamica. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2023; 33:70-75. [PMID: 38765930 PMCID: PMC11082563 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that there is a relationship between psychotic disorders and the presence of cerebral midline defects, such as the cavum septum pellucidum and the absence of adhesio interthalamica. This study aims to investigate whether these defects in people with alcohol/substance use disorders are associated with the occurrence and persistence of psychotic symptoms. Methods The files of the patients who were hospitalized in an addiction inpatient unit were retrospectively scanned. The presence of cavum septum pellucidum and the absence of adhesio interthalamica were determined by evaluation of the magnetic resonance imaging findings. The presence of psychotic symptoms at admission and the persistence of psychotic symptoms after 2 weeks of detoxification treatment were used as dependent variables in different logistic regression models. The presence of cavum septum pellucidum and the absence of adhesio interthalamica were included in 2 separate models as independent variables. Results The results of the regression analyses showed no significant relationship with respect to cavum septum pellucidum. However, the analyses revealed that the absence of adhesio interthalamica increases the risk of the persistence of psychotic symptoms. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the absence of adhesio interthalamica can be considered a structural risk factor for the development of psychosis in people receiving treatment for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Ergül
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Addiction Unit, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cumali Aydın
- Addiction Unit, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Celal Şalçini
- Neurology Unit, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nesrin Dilbaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Addiction Unit, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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35
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Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Shakiba M, Gorgich EAC. Brain Structural Changes in Schizophrenia Patients Compared to the Control: An MRI-based Cavalieri's Method. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:355-363. [PMID: 38077177 PMCID: PMC10700815 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3481.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic brain disorder. One of the potential mechanisms underlying this disease may be volumetric changes in some brain regions. The present study aimed to employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate and quantitatively analyze the brain of patients with schizophrenia compared to the controls. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on MRI scans of 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls in Zahedan City, Southeastern Iran. MRIs with 4 mm slice thickness and 5 mm intervals in coronal and sagittal planes were captured. Then, quantitative parameters, including volume and volume density of various brain regions, were estimated in both groups using Cavalieri's point counting method. Data analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The findings of this investigation revealed that volumes of gray matter, hippocampus, and gray/white matter in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than the controls (P<0.05). The volumes of lateral ventricles in patients with schizophrenia (36.60±4.32 mm3) were significantly higher than the healthy individuals (30.10±7.98 mm3). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the changes in the brain's total volume, cerebral hemispheres, white matter, brain stem, cerebellum, and corpus callosum (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Volumetric estimations on brain MRI-based stereological technique can be helpful for elucidation of structural changes, following up the treatment trends, and evaluating the therapeutic situations in schizophrenia patients. Volumetric alternations in specific brain areas might be linked to cognitive impairments and the severity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Further research is needed in this regard. HIGHLIGHTS Volumetric changes occur in certain regions of the brain of schizophrenia patients.Structural changes in the brain of schizophrenia patients are associated with the severity of clinical manifestations.A brain MRI-based stereological technique can clarify neuropathology and assess therapeutic efficiency in patients with schizophrenia. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with worldwide prevalence that disrupts a person's social life. It's characterized by progressive neuroanatomical alterations in both gray and white matter in different brain regions and associated with changes in the structural and functioning of some critical brain circuits. Several factors have been suggested to be involved in the development and progression of the disease including alternations and disconnection in myelin, genetic factors, neurodegenerative process, neuroinflammation, neurodevelopmental deficiencies, the number of dopaminergic neurons and volumetric changes in different areas of the brain. It has shown that quantitative volumetric brain measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in patients with neurodegenerative disease owing to selective regional atrophy are beneficial for clinicians to ascertain disease progression and to evaluate volume alternations and response to treatment. Thus, we investigated structural changes of the brain in schizophrenia patients on MR images using accurate Cavalieri's estimation and compared to healthy controls. The findings demonstrated that some structural changes occurs in various brain areas which involved in many critical roles in normal brain's functionality and connectivity. On the other hand, these changes are associated with cognitive impairments and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. It's appears that elucidation of the different pathways of various structural abnormalities related to schizophrenia is required to recognize and determine the role of discrete pathophysiological phenomena in mental illness development and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansour Shakiba
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Mollon J, Almasy L, Jacquemont S, Glahn DC. The contribution of copy number variants to psychiatric symptoms and cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1480-1493. [PMID: 36737482 PMCID: PMC10213133 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are deletions and duplications of DNA sequence. The most frequently studied CNVs, which are described in this review, are recurrent CNVs that occur in the same locations on the genome. These CNVs have been strongly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, namely autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and developmental delay (DD), but also in schizophrenia. More recent work has also shown that CNVs increase risk for other psychiatric disorders, namely, depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Many of the same CNVs are implicated across all of these disorders, and these neuropsychiatric CNVs are also associated with cognitive ability in the general population, as well as with structural and functional brain alterations. Neuropsychiatric CNVs also show incomplete penetrance, such that carriers do not always develop any psychiatric disorder, and may show only mild symptoms, if any. Variable expressivity, whereby the same CNVs are associated with many different phenotypes of varied severity, also points to highly complex mechanisms underlying disease risk in CNV carriers. Comprehensive and longitudinal phenotyping studies of individual CNVs have provided initial insights into these mechanisms. However, more work is needed to estimate and predict the effect of non-recurrent, ultra-rare CNVs, which also contribute to psychiatric and cognitive outcomes. Moreover, delineating the broader phenotypic landscape of neuropsychiatric CNVs in both clinical and general population cohorts may also offer important mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
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Carey E, Healy C, Perry Y, Gillan D, Whitehouse AJO, Cannon M, Lin A. Evidence that infant and early childhood developmental impairments are associated with hallucinatory experiences: results from a large, population-based cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2116-2124. [PMID: 34583789 PMCID: PMC10106299 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and motor dysfunction are hallmark features of the psychosis continuum, and have been detected during late childhood and adolescence in youth who report psychotic experiences (PE). However, previous investigations have not explored infancy and early childhood development. It remains unclear whether such deficits emerge much earlier in life, and whether they are associated with psychotic, specifically hallucinatory, experiences (HE). METHODS This study included data from Gen2 participants of The Raine Study (n = 1101), a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Western Australia. Five areas of childhood development comprising: communication; fine motor; gross motor; adaptive (problem-solving); and personal-social skills, were assessed serially at ages 1, 2 and 3 years. Information on HE, depression and anxiety at ages 10, 14 and 17 years was obtained. HE were further subdivided into those with transient or recurrent experiences. Mixed effects logistic regression models and cumulative risk analyses based on multiple domain delays were performed. RESULTS Early poorer development in multiple areas was noted from ages 1, 2 and 3 years among youth who reported HE. Early developmental delays significantly increased the risk for later HE. This association was particularly marked in the recurrent HE group, with over 40% having early developmental delays in multiple domains. There was no significant association between early childhood development and later anxiety/depression apart from lower gross motor scores at age 3. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that early pan-developmental deficits are associated with later HE, with the effect strongest for young people who report recurrent HE throughout childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Carey
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yael Perry
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Diane Gillan
- Department of Psychology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Murillo-García N, Ortíz-García de la Foz V, Miguel-Corredera M, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Setién-Suero E, Neergaard K, Moya-Higueras J, Crespo-Facorro B, Ayesa-Arriola R. Intelligence quotient changes over 10 years: Diversity of cognitive profiles in first episode of psychosis and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:163-172. [PMID: 36905766 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse whether intelligence quotient (IQ) improves, declines, or remains stable over 10 years among FEP patients and healthy subjects. METHODS A group of FEP patients enrolled in a Program of First Episode Psychosis in Spain called PAFIP, and a sample of Healthy Controls (HC) completed the same neuropsychological battery at baseline and approximately 10 years later, which included the WAIS vocabulary subtest to estimate premorbid IQ and 10-year IQ. Cluster analysis was performed separately in the patient group and the HC group to determine their profiles of intellectual change. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-seven FEP patients were grouped into five clusters: "Improved low IQ" (9.49 % of patients), "Improved average IQ" (14.6 %), "Preserved low IQ" (17.52 %), "Preserved average IQ" (43.06 %), and "Preserved high IQ" (15.33 %). Ninety HC were grouped into three clusters: "Preserved low IQ" (32.22 % of the HC), "Preserved average IQ" (44.44 %), and "Preserved high IQ" (23.33 %). The first two clusters of FEP patients, characterized by a low IQ, earlier age at illness onset, and lower educational attainment, showed a substantial cognitive improvement. The remaining clusters demonstrated cognitive stability. CONCLUSIONS The FEP patients showed intellectual improvement or stability, but no decline post-onset of psychosis. However, their profiles of intellectual change are more heterogeneous than that of HC over 10 years. Particularly, there is a subgroup of FEP patients with a significant potential for long-term cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortíz-García de la Foz
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karl Neergaard
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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Cilleros-Portet A, Lesseur C, Marí S, Cosin-Tomas M, Lozano M, Irizar A, Burt A, García-Santisteban I, Martín DG, Escaramís G, Hernangomez-Laderas A, Soler-Blasco R, Breeze CE, Gonzalez-Garcia BP, Santa-Marina L, Chen J, Llop S, Fernández MF, Vrijhed M, Ibarluzea J, Guxens M, Marsit C, Bustamante M, Bilbao JR, Fernandez-Jimenez N. Potentially causal associations between placental DNA methylation and schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.07.23286905. [PMID: 36945560 PMCID: PMC10029044 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.23286905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the role of placenta in neurodevelopment and potentially, in the later onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) and interaction QTL (iQTL) maps have proven useful to understand SNP-genome wide association study (GWAS) relationships, otherwise missed by conventional expression QTLs. In this context, we propose that part of the genetic predisposition to complex neuropsychiatric disorders acts through placental DNA methylation (DNAm). We constructed the first public placental cis-mQTL database including nearly eight million mQTLs calculated in 368 fetal placenta DNA samples from the INMA project, ran cell type- and gestational age-imQTL models and combined those data with the summary statistics of the largest GWAS on 10 neuropsychiatric disorders using Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and colocalization. Finally, we evaluated the influence of the DNAm sites identified on placental gene expression in the RICHS cohort. We found that placental cis-mQTLs are highly enriched in placenta-specific active chromatin regions, and useful to map the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders at prenatal stages. Specifically, part of the genetic burden for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder confers risk through placental DNAm. The potential causality of several of the observed associations is reinforced by secondary association signals identified in conditional analyses, regional pleiotropic methylation signals associated to the same disorder, and cell type-imQTLs, additionally associated to the expression levels of relevant immune genes in placenta. In conclusion, the genetic risk of several neuropsychiatric disorders could operate, at least in part, through DNAm and associated gene expression in placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Cilleros-Portet
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergi Marí
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Cosin-Tomas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Lozano
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iraia García-Santisteban
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Diego Garrido Martín
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geòrgia Escaramís
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Hernangomez-Laderas
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Charles E. Breeze
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley St, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Bárbara P. Gonzalez-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariana F. Fernández
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) & Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijhed
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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O'Hare K, Watkeys O, Badcock JC, Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Dean K, Harris F, Carr VJ, Green MJ. Pathways from developmental vulnerabilities in early childhood to schizotypy in middle childhood. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:228-242. [PMID: 36458518 PMCID: PMC10946562 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood disturbances in social, emotional, language, motor and cognitive functioning, and schizotypy have each been implicated as precursors of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We investigated whether relationships between early childhood developmental vulnerabilities and childhood schizotypy are mediated by educational underachievement in middle childhood. METHODS Participants were members of a large Australian (n = 19,216) population cohort followed longitudinally. Path analyses were used to model relationships between developmental vulnerabilities at age ~5 years, educational underachievement from ages ~8 to 10 years and three distinct profiles of schizotypy at age ~11 years (true, introverted and affective schizotypy). RESULTS Early childhood developmental vulnerabilities on five broad domains (related to physical, emotional, social, cognitive and communication development) were associated with schizotypy profiles in middle childhood. Educational underachievement in middle childhood was associated with all schizotypy profiles, but most strongly with the true schizotypy profile (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 3.12, 4.91). The relationships between schizotypy profiles and early childhood developmental vulnerabilities in 'language and cognitive skills (school-based)' and 'communication skills and general knowledge' domains were fully mediated by educational underachievement in middle childhood, and the relationships with early childhood 'physical health and well-being' and 'emotional maturity' domains were partially mediated. CONCLUSION Developmental continuity from early childhood developmental vulnerabilities to schizotypy in middle childhood is mediated by educational underachievement in middle childhood. While some domains of early developmental functioning showed differential relationships with distinct schizotypy profiles, these findings support a developmental pathway to schizotypy in which cognitive vulnerability operates from early childhood through to middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie O'Hare
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Oliver Watkeys
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Johanna C. Badcock
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Psychology and CounsellingQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Criminology and Criminal JusticeGriffith UniversitySouthportQldAustralia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health NetworkSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Felicity Harris
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
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Rudkowski K, Waszczuk K, Tyburski E, Rek-Owodziń K, Plichta P, Podwalski P, Bielecki M, Mak M, Michalczyk A, Tarnowski M, Sielatycka K, Budkowska M, Łuczkowska K, Dołęgowska B, Ratajczak MZ, Samochowiec J, Kucharska-Mazur J, Sagan L. Complement Activation Products in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041577. [PMID: 36836111 PMCID: PMC9967657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests a role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of a number of mental conditions, including schizophrenia (SCH). In terms of physiology, aside from its crucial protective function, the complement cascade (CC) is a critical element of the regeneration processes, including neurogenesis. Few studies have attempted to define the function of the CC components in SCH. To shed more light on this topic, we compared the levels of complement activation products (CAP) (C3a, C5a and C5b-9) in the peripheral blood of 62 patients with chronic SCH and disease duration of ≥ 10 years with 25 healthy controls matched for age, sex, BMI and smoking status. Concentrations of all the investigated CAP were elevated in SCH patients. However, after controlling for potential confounding factors, significant correlations were observed between SCH and C3a (M = 724.98 ng/mL) and C5a (M = 6.06 ng/mL) levels. In addition, multivariate logistic regression showed that C3a and C5b-9 were significant predictors of SCH. There were no significant correlations between any CAP and SCH symptom severity or general psychopathology in SCH patients. However, two significant links emerged between C3a and C5b-9 and global functioning. Increased levels of both complement activation products in the patient group as compared to healthy controls raise questions concerning the role of the CC in the etiology of SCH and further demonstrate dysregulation of the immune system in SCH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rudkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-(91)-3511306
| | - Katarzyna Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Plichta
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Podwalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sielatycka
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkoposlkich 72, 70-110 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the risk of schizophrenia using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort: a retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e9. [PMID: 36762596 PMCID: PMC9971846 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia are often reported as co-morbid conditions. However, the evidence of an association between OCD and the risk of schizophrenia is limited. This study investigated the risk of schizophrenia in patients newly diagnosed with OCD using a nationally representative sample cohort in South Korea. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2002-2013 Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort of the National Health Insurance Service. Using propensity score matching, 2509 patients with OCD and a control group of 7527 patients were included in the analysis. Chi-squared tests were used to investigate and compare the general characteristics of the study population. The risk of schizophrenia was analysed using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS The incidence rate was 45.79/10 000 person-year for patients with OCD and 4.19/10 000 person-year for patients without OCD. Patients with OCD had a higher risk of schizophrenia compared to the control group after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio = 10.46, 95% confidence interval = 6.07-18.00). CONCLUSIONS This study identified an association between the diagnosis of OCD and the risk of schizophrenia in a South Korean national representative cohort. Further research using a prospective design to clarify the causality of OCD in schizophrenia in a controlled environment should be conducted to validate these findings.
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Yilmaz S, Öner P. Low α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase plasma concentration correlates with the presence and severity of the bipolar affective disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:187-194. [PMID: 36102137 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2124451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Believing that a neurodevelopmental pathology may cause bipolar affective disorder (BAD), we aimed to measure the concentrations of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGAL), a lysosomal enzyme. METHODS The study included 32 patients with BAD and 32 healthy controls. The Young Mania Rating Scale was used to measure the severity of the disease. Serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase concentrations were measured in all blood samples using the human α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase ELISA Kit. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found in the α-NAGAL values between the groups. The mean α-NAGAL values of BAD patients are lower than the mean α-NAGAL values of the control group. A strong negative and statistically significant relationship was found between the α-NAGAL values of patients with BAD and their Young Mania Rating Scale scores. And a positive strong correlation was found between the age of onset of the disease and α-NAGAL levels. CONCLUSIONS Low α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase concentrations may cause the accumulation of some glycoproteins in the lysosomes in the brain during the gestational period, producing the clinical symptoms of BAD. α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency may not be the only cause of BAD, but it may be an important factor in the aetiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pınar Öner
- Elaziğ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elaziğ, Turkey
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44
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Owen MJ. Genomic insights into schizophrenia. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230125. [PMID: 36844807 PMCID: PMC9943879 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common, complex, heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome which can have profound impacts on affected individuals and imposes significant burdens on society. Despite intensive research, it has been challenging to understand basic mechanisms and to identify novel therapeutic targets. Given its high heritability and the complexity and inaccessibility of the human brain, much hope has been invested in the application of genomics as a route to better understanding. This work has identified many common and rare risk alleles and laid the foundations for a new generation of mechanistic studies. Genomics has also thrown new light on the relationship between schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders and revealed its previously unappreciated aetiological relationship with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, providing further evidence that it has its origins in disturbances of brain development. In addition, genomic findings suggest that the condition reflects fundamental disturbances in neuronal, and particularly synaptic, function that impact broadly on brain function, rather than being a disorder of specific brain regions and circuits. Finally, genomics has provided a plausible solution to the evolutionary paradox of how the condition persists in the face of high heritability and reduced fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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45
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Cameron D, Mi D, Vinh NN, Webber C, Li M, Marín O, O'Donovan MC, Bray NJ. Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing of 5 Regions of the Human Prenatal Brain Implicates Developing Neuron Populations in Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:157-166. [PMID: 36150908 PMCID: PMC10804933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a variety of evidence supports a prenatal component in schizophrenia, there are few data regarding the cell populations involved. We sought to identify cells of the human prenatal brain mediating genetic risk for schizophrenia by integrating cell-specific gene expression measures generated through single-nuclei RNA sequencing with recent large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome sequencing data for the condition. METHODS Single-nuclei RNA sequencing was performed on 5 brain regions (frontal cortex, ganglionic eminence, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum) from 3 fetuses from the second trimester of gestation. Enrichment of schizophrenia common variant genetic liability and rare damaging coding variation was assessed in relation to gene expression specificity within each identified cell population. RESULTS Common risk variants were prominently enriched within genes with high expression specificity for developing neuron populations within the frontal cortex, ganglionic eminence, and hippocampus. Enrichments were largely independent of genes expressed in neuronal populations of the adult brain that have been implicated in schizophrenia through the same methods. Genes containing an excess of rare damaging variants in schizophrenia had higher expression specificity for developing glutamatergic neurons of the frontal cortex and hippocampus that were also enriched for common variant liability. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for a distinct contribution of prenatal neuronal development to genetic risk for schizophrenia, involving specific populations of developing neurons within the second-trimester fetal brain. Our study significantly advances the understanding of the neurodevelopmental origins of schizophrenia and provides a resource with which to investigate the prenatal antecedents of other psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Cameron
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Da Mi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Caleb Webber
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Li
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Marín
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Bray
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Fišar Z. Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110626. [PMID: 36055561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and the verification of biological hypotheses of schizophrenia are an essential part of the process of understanding the etiology of this mental disorder. Schizophrenia has long been considered a neurodevelopmental disease whose symptoms are caused by impaired synaptic signal transduction and brain neuroplasticity. Both the onset and chronic course of schizophrenia are associated with risk factors-induced disruption of brain function and the establishment of a new homeostatic setpoint characterized by biomarkers. Different risk factors and biomarkers can converge to the same symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that the primary cause of the disease can be highly individual. Schizophrenia-related biomarkers include measurable biochemical changes induced by stress (elevated allostatic load), mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and circadian rhythm disturbances. Here is a summary of selected valid biological hypotheses of schizophrenia formulated based on risk factors and biomarkers, neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, brain chemistry, and antipsychotic medication. The integrative neurodevelopmental-vulnerability-neurochemical model is based on current knowledge of the neurobiology of the onset and progression of the disease and the effects of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics and reflects the complex and multifactorial nature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Czech Republic.
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Knudsen CB, Greve AN, Jepsen JRM, Lambek R, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Brandt JM, Gregersen M, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Carlsen AH, Steffensen NL, Bundgaard AF, Burton BK, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted VF, Hemager N. Neurocognitive Subgroups in Children at Familial High-risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar disorder: Subgroup Membership Stability or Change From Age 7 to 11-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:185-195. [PMID: 36200864 PMCID: PMC9810011 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Subgroups with distinct levels of neurocognitive functioning exist in children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. However, studies investigating the temporal stability of subgroup membership are currently lacking. We hypothesized that a minority of children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) would transition to a different neurocognitive subgroup from age 7 to 11 and that most transitions would be to a more impaired subgroup. STUDY DESIGN Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups at two assessments (age 7 and 11) based on the performance of 320 children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP across eight neurocognitive functions. Temporal stability in subgroup membership was evaluated with latent profile transition analysis. Population-based controls (age 7, n = 199; age 11, n = 178) were included as a reference group. Children transitioning to a more impaired subgroup were compared with nontransitioning children on sex, FHR-status, global functioning, and psychopathology. STUDY RESULTS At both assessment points, we identified three subgroups based on neurocognitive performance: a moderately-severely impaired, a mildly impaired, and an above-average subgroup. A total of 12.8% of children transitioned to a different subgroup, of which the majority (85.2%) moved to a more impaired subgroup. Parental diagnosis of schizophrenia, but neither parental diagnosis of bipolar disorder, global functioning at age 7, psychopathology, nor sex significantly differentiated children transitioning to a more impaired subgroup from nontransitioning children. CONCLUSIONS During pre-adolescence, neurocognitive developmental lag is associated with being at FHR-SZ. Close attention to these children's neurocognitive development is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lambek
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Helles Carlsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Unit, Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Faurskov Bundgaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a neurodevelopmental approach to examine the aetiology, we predicted an enzyme deficiency to exist at the cellular level and aimed to measure α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGAL) blood levels. METHODS The study included 32 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was applied to the patients with schizophrenia. Serum α-NAGAL concentrations were measured in blood samples taken from all participants using the human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase ELISA Kit. RESULTS The mean α-NAGAL values of schizophrenic patients are lower than the mean α-NAGAL values of the control group (p = 0.000 < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between α-NAGAL values and PANSS scores of patients with schizophrenia. PANSS total (r = -0.708, p = 0.000 < 0.001), PANSS positive (r = -0.627, p = 0.000 < 0.001), PANSS negative (r = -0.386, p = 0.029 < 0.05). And a positive moderate correlation was found between the age of onset of the disease and α-NAGAL levels (r = 0.529, p = 0.002 < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, the low α-NAGAL concentrations this study found might cause accumulation of glycoproteins in the lysosomes in the central nervous system during the gestational period and then might result in the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. α-NAGAL may be an important factor in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yılmaz
- Elazığ Medical Park Hospital, Istinye University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Pınar Öner
- Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
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49
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Bora E. Minor physical anomalies in bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy controls and schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 65:4-11. [PMID: 36150369 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are markers of abnormalities in early foetal development and are well established findings in schizophrenia. It has been suggested that neurodevelopmental abnormalities might play a role not only in schizophrenia but also in bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, according to neurodevelopmental theory of BD, one might expect increased prevalence of MPAs in BD. A meta-analysis of 11 studies was conducted to quantitatively review MPAs in BD in comparison to schizophrenia and healthy controls. The current meta-analysis compared MPA scores of 584 BD patients and 723 healthy controls, and 401 BD and 612 schizophrenia patients. Patients with BD had significantly higher MPA scores than healthy controls (g=0.47, CI=0.28-0.67). This was true both for craniofacial (g=0.57, CI=0.34-0.79) and periphery (g=0.46, CI=0.18-0.73) MPAs. BD was associated with a less severe increase in MPA score compared to schizophrenia, however, between-group difference was small (g=0.19, CI=0.05-0.33). The outcome of this meta-analysis suggests that BD is associated with medium effect size increase in MPAs which is only minimally less severe than schizophrenia. This finding supports the hypothesis that early developmental insult in brain development plays a role not only in schizophrenia but also BD. Studies investigating clinical, neurocognitive, neuroanatomical and other biological correlates of MPAs in BD might helpful in characterizing subtype (s) of BD that is associated with pronounced deviations in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bora
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Mithatpaşa cad. no 1606 inciraltı, yerleşkesi, Balçova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Izmir, Turkey.
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50
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Clapcote SJ. How can we obtain truly translational mouse models to improve clinical outcomes in schizophrenia? Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049970. [PMID: 36441105 PMCID: PMC10655820 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting 0.7% of the world's population. Despite over 50 years of schizophrenia drug identification and development, there have been no fundamental advances in the treatment of schizophrenia since the 1980s. Complex genetic aetiology and elusive pathomechanisms have made it difficult for researchers to develop models that sufficiently reflect pathophysiology to support effective drug discovery. However, recent large-scale, well-powered genomic studies have identified risk genes that represent tractable entry points to decipher disease mechanisms in heterogeneous patient populations and develop targeted treatments. Replicating schizophrenia-associated gene variants in mouse models is an important strategy to start understanding their pathogenicity and role in disease biology. Furthermore, longitudinal studies in a wide range of genetic mouse models from early postnatal life are required to assess the progression of this disease through developmental stages to improve early diagnostic strategies and enable preventative measures. By expanding and refining our approach to schizophrenia research, we can improve prevention strategies and treatment of this debilitating disease.
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