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Chae YR, Lee YR, Kim YS, Park HY. Diet-Induced Gut Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut Syndrome. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:747-756. [PMID: 38321650 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic gut inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. There is growing evidence which suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and significantly impact the level of inflammation in various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissues. Moreover, dietary sources are connected to the development of leaky gut syndrome through their interaction with the gut microbiota. This review examines the effects of these factors on intestinal microorganisms and the communication pathways between the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. The consumption of diets rich in fats and carbohydrates has been found to weaken the adherence of tight junction proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, this allows endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides produced by detrimental bacteria, to permeate through portal veins, leading to metabolic endotoxemia and alterations in the gut microbiome composition with reduced production of metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. However, the precise correlation between gut microbiota and alternative sweeteners remains uncertain, necessitating further investigation. This study highlights the significance of exploring the impact of diet on gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms in the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. Nevertheless, limited research on the gut-liver axis poses challenges in comprehending the intricate connections between diet and the gut-brain axis. This underscores the need for comprehensive studies to elucidate the intricate gut-brain mechanisms underlying intestinal health and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rim Chae
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Sa Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Shao Q, Liu J, Wang S, Zhou J. A preventative role of nitrate for hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:457-469. [PMID: 38281627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying effective interventions for hypoxia-induced injury is crucial, particularly in high-altitude areas. Symptoms stemming from intestinal injuries have a significant impact on the health of individuals transitioning from plains to plateau regions. This research explores the effects and mechanisms of nitrate supplementation in preventing hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. METHODS A hypoxia survival mouse model was established using 7% O2 conditions. The intervention with 4 mM sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in drinking water commenced 7 days prior to hypoxia exposure. Weight monitoring, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and intestinal permeability assays were employed for physiological, histological, and functional analyses. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence were utilized to analyze the levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif 1α). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified nitrate's target, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) verified the transcriptional impact of Hif 1α on TJ proteins. Villin-cre mice infected with AAV9-FLEX-EGFP-Hif 1α were used for mechanism validation. RESULTS The results demonstrated that nitrate supplementation significantly alleviated small intestinal epithelial cell necrosis, intestinal permeability, disruption of TJs, and weight loss under hypoxia. Moreover, the nitrate-triggered enhancement of TJs is mediated by Hif 1α nuclear translocation and its subsequent transcriptional function. The effect of nitrate supplementation on TJs was largely attributed to the stimulation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Hif 1α signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Nitrate serves as a novel approach in preventing hypoxia-induced intestinal injury, acting through Hif 1α activation to promote the transcription of TJ proteins. Furthermore, our study provides new and compelling evidence for the protective effects of nitrate in hypoxic conditions, especially at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Yunqiong Sa
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Immunology Research Centre for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Centre for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Department of VIP Dental Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Zhu T, Liu X, Yang P, Ma Y, Gao P, Gao J, Jiang H, Zhang X. The Association between the Gut Microbiota and Erectile Dysfunction. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e17. [PMID: 38311371 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Explore the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and erectile dysfunction (ED) at phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels, and identify specific pathogenic bacteria that may be associated with the onset and progression of ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genetic variation data of 196 human gut microbiota incorporated in our study came from the human gut microbiome Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) dataset released by the MiBioGen Consortium. The GWAS statistics for ED were extracted from one study by Bovijn et al., which included 223,805 participants of European ancestry, of whom 6,175 were diagnosed with ED. Subsequently, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out to explore whether a causal relationship exists between the gut microbiota and ED. Additionally, bidirectional MR analysis was performed to examine the directionality of the causal relationship. RESULTS Through MR analysis, we found that family Lachnospiraceae (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.52, p=0.01) and its subclass genus LachnospiraceaeNC2004 group (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.37, p=0.04) are associated with a higher risk of ED. In addition, genus Oscillibacter (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.35, p=0.03), genus Senegalimassilia (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06-1.64, p=0.01) and genus Tyzzerella3 (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27, p=0.02) also increase the risk of ED. In contrast, the inverse variance weighted estimate of genus RuminococcaceaeUCG013 (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96, p=0.02) suggests that it has a protective effect against the occurrence of ED. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily identified 6 bacterial taxa that may have a causal relationship with ED, including family Lachnospiraceae, genus Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group, Oscillibacter, Senegalimassilia, Tyzzerella 3 and Ruminococcaceae UCG013. These identified important bacterial taxa may serve as candidates for microbiome intervention in future ED clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yukuai Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Liu H, Huang Y, Huang M, Wang M, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. From nitrate to NO: potential effects of nitrate-reducing bacteria on systemic health and disease. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:425. [PMID: 37821966 PMCID: PMC10566198 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has described improving multisystem disease and organ function through dietary nitrate (DN) supplementation. They have provided some evidence that these floras with nitrate (NO3-) reductase are mediators of the underlying mechanism. Symbiotic bacteria with nitrate reductase activity (NRA) are found in the human digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract (GT). Nitrate in food can be converted to nitrite under the tongue or in the stomach by these symbiotic bacteria. Then, nitrite is transformed to nitric oxide (NO) by non-enzymatic synthesis. NO is currently recognized as a potent bioactive agent with biological activities, such as vasodilation, regulation of cardiomyocyte function, neurotransmission, suppression of platelet agglutination, and prevention of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. NO also can be produced through the conventional L-arginine-NO synthase (L-NOS) pathway, whereas endogenous NO production by L-arginine is inhibited under hypoxia-ischemia or disease conditions. In contrast, exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO activity is enhanced and becomes a practical supplemental pathway for NO in the body, playing an essential role in various physiological activities. Moreover, many diseases (such as metabolic or geriatric diseases) are primarily associated with disorders of endogenous NO synthesis, and NO generation from the exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO route can partially alleviate the disease progression. The imbalance of NO in the body may be one of the potential mechanisms of disease development. Therefore, the impact of these floras with nitrate reductase on host systemic health through exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO pathway production of NO or direct regulation of floras ecological balance is essential (e.g., regulation of body homeostasis, amelioration of diseases, etc.). This review summarizes the bacteria with nitrate reductase in humans, emphasizing the relationship between the metabolic processes of this microflora and host systemic health and disease. The potential effects of nitrate reduction bacteria on human health and disease were also highlighted in disease models from different human systems, including digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, respiratory, and urinary systems, providing innovative ideas for future disease diagnosis and treatment based on nitrate reduction bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nakamura M. Gut Microbiome: An Effector of Dietary Nitrate That Inhibits Cardiometabolic Disease? Diabetes 2023; 72:835-837. [PMID: 37339354 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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You Y, Song H, Wang L, Liu Z, Guo X, Ai C, Song S, Zhu B. Supplement of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide by pre-prandial gavage and free feeding demonstrates differences to prevent obesity and gut microbiota disturbance in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3840-3849. [PMID: 36305093 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caulerpa lentillifera has received extensive attention regarding expansion of its farming and increasing consumption. In our previous study, the structure of C. lentillifera polysaccharide (CLP) was elucidated. However, little information is available about its health effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of CLP was investigated by using a high-fat diet-induced obese mice model with two different supplementation methods. RESULTS In vitro simulated digestion results showed that CLP significantly decreased the lipid digestibility and induced the lipid droplets aggregation in the intestinal stage to inhibit the absorption of lipids. As revealed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, supplement of CLP by both pre-prandial gavage and free feeding patterns effectively prevented mice obesity via ameliorating intestinal flora disturbance and regulating bile acids circulation metabolism. Of note was that CLP administration had no effect on short-chain fatty acids production, suggesting the anti-obesity effect was uncorrelated with their production. Moreover, pre-prandial administration of CLP had a better anti-obesity effect in lowering body weight and serum lipid levels, but the free feeding resulted in a higher α-diversity of gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that CLP could be a potential anti-obesity nutraceutical and that pre-prandial supplement of CLP may be a better intake method to exhibit its hypolipidemic effect. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying You
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoran Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Smith AM, Welch BA, Harris KK, Garrett MR, Grayson BE. Nutrient composition influences the gut microbiota in chronic thoracic spinal cord-injured rats. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:402-415. [PMID: 36036458 PMCID: PMC9576181 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an increased predisposition to various metabolic problems that can be exacerbated by consuming a diet rich in calories and saturated fat. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported after SCI, including intestinal dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. The effects of both diet and SCI on the gut microbiome of adult male Long Evans rats euthanized 16 wk after injury were investigated. The rats were either thoracic spinal contused or received sham procedures. After 12 wk of either a low-fat or high-fat diet, cecal contents were analyzed, revealing significant microbial changes to every taxonomic level below the kingdom level. Shannon α diversity analyses demonstrated a significant difference in diversity between the groups based on the surgical condition of the rats. SCI produced a unique signature of changes in commensal bacteria that were significantly different than Sham. Specific changes in commensal bacteria as a result of diet manipulation had high fidelity with reports in the literature, such as Clostridia, Thiohalorhabdales, and Pseudomonadales. In addition, novel changes in commensal bacteria were identified that are unique dietary influences on SCI. Linear regression analysis on body fat and lean mass showed that a consequence of chronic SCI produces uncoupled associations between some commensal bacteria and body composition. In conclusion, despite tightly controlling the protein content and varying the carbohydrate and fat contents, Sham and SCI rats respond uniquely to diet. These data provide potential direction for therapeutic modulation of the microbiome to improve health and wellness following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bradley A Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kwamie K Harris
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Wang S, Qin L. Homeostatic medicine: a strategy for exploring health and disease. CURRENT MEDICINE 2022; 1:16. [PMID: 36189427 PMCID: PMC9510546 DOI: 10.1007/s44194-022-00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis is a process of dynamic balance regulated by organisms, through which they maintain an internal stability and adapt to the external environment for survival. In this paper, we propose the concept of utilizing homeostatic medicine (HM) as a strategy to explore health and disease. HM is a science that studies the maintenance of the body’s homeostasis. It is also a discipline that investigates the role of homeostasis in building health, studies the change of homeostasis in disease progression, and explores ways to restore homeostasis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease at all levels of biological organization. A new dimension in the medical system with a promising future HM focuses on how homeostasis functions in the regulation of health and disease and provides strategic directions in disease prevention and control. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the control of homeostasis in multiple systems. Nitrate is an important substance that regulates NO homeostasis through the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Sialin interacts with nitrate and participates in the regulation of NO production and cell biological functions for body homeostasis. The interactions between nitrate and NO or sialin is an important mechanism by which homeostasis is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
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Wang Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y. Nitrate Metabolism and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:735181. [PMID: 35309590 PMCID: PMC8927699 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.735181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic and organic nitrates are present in vivo and in vitro. Inorganic nitrate is considered a pool of nitric oxide (NO), but it can be converted into nitrite and NO through various mechanisms. It plays an important role in the regulation of complex physiological and biochemical reactions, such as anti-inflammatory processes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation, which are closely related to the pathology and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is characterized by high incidence, recurrence, and disability rates. Nitrate, nitrite, and NO were recently found to be involved in cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we describe the relationship between cerebrovascular disease and nitrate metabolism to provide a basis for further advances in laboratory and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Yilong Wang
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Wang J, Cai W, Yu J, Liu H, He S, Zhu L, Xu J. Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Shift the Gut Microbiota Composition and Induce Insulin Resistance in Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:427-437. [PMID: 35210793 PMCID: PMC8857970 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s346411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the associations between gut microbiota characteristics and glycometabolic profiles in mice fed diets high in advanced glycation end products (AGEs). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a heat-treated diet or exogenous AGEs for 24 weeks, and glucose metabolism was assessed via the intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test (IPGTT). Serum AGE and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels were quantified using ELISA kits. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to analyze the changes in gut microbiota according to α- and β-diversity. Key operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were evaluated, and co-abundance groups (CAGs) were delineated using weighted correlation network analysis. Associations between CAGs and clinical parameters were analyzed using Spearman correlation; predictive functional analysis of gut microbiota was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data. RESULTS We identified significant increases in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin levels, as well as homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from IPGTT, in the high-AGE diet groups relative to controls at week 24. Serum AGE and LBP levels were elevated, and the α- and β-diversity of gut microbiota reduced in high-AGE diet groups. We identified 92 key OTUs that clustered into six CAGs, revealing positive correlations between CAG2/3/5 and insulin levels and mice weight and negative correlations between CAG1/3/4/5 and AGE, FBG, and LBP levels and HOMA-IR in mice fed high-AGE diets. We observed a reduced abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Bacteroidales_S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, in mice fed high-AGE diets, with pathway analysis of gut microbiota revealing significantly enriched fructose and mannose metabolism. CONCLUSION High-AGE diets altered the gut microbiota composition and structure, and induced insulin resistance in mice. In the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the loss of butyrate-producing bacteria might impair the colonic epithelial barrier, thereby triggering chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jixiong Xu, Email
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Yi W, Ji Y, Gao H, Pan R, Wei Q, Cheng J, Song J, He Y, Tang C, Liu X, Song S, Su H. Does the gut microbiome partially mediate the impact of air pollutants exposure on liver function? Evidence based on schizophrenia patients. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118135. [PMID: 34534831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution may alter the composition of gut microbiome and subsequent liver-related metabolic disorders. Schizophrenia was often accompanied by liver dysfunction. But it was still unclear whether air pollutants affected liver function in patients with schizophrenia through gut microbiome. We aimed to clarify the impacts of long-term air pollutants on the gut microbiome and liver function in schizophrenia and to evaluate the intermediary effect of microbiome. Schizophrenia patients were recruited then serum biochemical indicators were tested. Air pollutant exposure in the previous year was retrospectively estimated by inverse distance weighting. The associations among air pollutants, gut microbiome, and liver function indicators in schizophrenia were estimated. Then the mediating effect of gut microbiome was further explored. The results showed that nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbonic oxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) explained 2.68%-10.77% of the variation in gut microbiome composition (order level) in schizophrenia (all P < 0.05). Network correlation analysis indicated that air pollutants and liver function indicators were mainly related to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria in schizophrenia. Long-term NO2 exposure significantly increased the levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in schizophrenia. Coriobacteriales mediated 13.98% and 49.56% (all P < 0.05) of the associations of long-term NO2 with GGT and GPT, respectively. To conclude, long-term NO2 exposure is positively associated with liver dysfunction in schizophrenia, in which gut microbiome plays an intermediary role. The two pathways, "NO2-Coriobacteriales-GGT" and "NO2-Coriobacteriales-GPT", would provide scientific evidence for the intervention of schizophrenia with liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yifu Ji
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
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12
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Profile of Dr. Songlin Wang. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1810-1813. [PMID: 34542811 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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13
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Liu Y, Croft KD, Caparros-Martin J, O'Gara F, Mori TA, Ward NC. Beneficial effects of inorganic nitrate in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109032. [PMID: 34520731 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic representation of the metabolic disorders. Inorganic nitrate/nitrite can be converted to nitric oxide, regulate glucose metabolism, lower lipid levels, and reduce inflammation, thus raising the hypothesis that inorganic nitrate/nitrite could be beneficial for improving NAFLD. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of chronic dietary nitrate on NAFLD in a mouse model. 60 ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to allow for the development of atherosclerosis with associated NAFLD. The mice were then randomly assigned to different groups (20/group) for a further 12 weeks: (i) HFD + NaCl (1 mmol/kg/day), (ii) HFD + NaNO3 (1 mmol/kg/day), and (iii) HFD + NaNO3 (10 mmol/kg/day). A fourth group of ApoE-/- mice consumed a normal chow diet for the duration of the study. At the end of the treatment, caecum contents, serum, and liver were collected. Consumption of the HFD resulted in significantly greater lipid accumulation in the liver compared to mice on the normal chow diet. Mice whose HFD was supplemented with dietary nitrate for the second half of the study, showed an attenuation in hepatic lipid accumulation. This was also associated with an increase in hepatic AMPK activity compared to mice on the HFD. In addition, a significant difference in bile acid profile was detected between mice on the HFD and those receiving the high dose nitrate supplemented HFD. In conclusion, dietary nitrate attenuates the progression of liver steatosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jose Caparros-Martin
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Cork, Ireland
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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14
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DesOrmeaux GJ, Petrick HL, Brunetta HS, Holloway GP. Independent of mitochondrial respiratory function, dietary nitrate attenuates HFD-induced lipid accumulation and mitochondrial ROS emission within the liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E217-E228. [PMID: 34229472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00610.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver is particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet (HFD), rapidly developing lipid accumulation and impaired cellular homeostasis. Recently, dietary nitrate has been shown to attenuate HFD-induced whole body glucose intolerance and liver steatosis, however, the underlying mechanism(s) remain poorly defined. In the current study, we investigated the ability of dietary nitrate to minimize possible impairments in liver mitochondrial bioenergetics following 8 wk of HFD (60% fat) in male C57BL/6J mice. Consumption of a HFD caused whole body glucose intolerance (P < 0.0001), and within the liver, increased lipid accumulation (P < 0.0001), mitochondrial-specific reactive oxygen species emission (P = 0.007), and markers of oxidative stress. Remarkably, dietary nitrate attenuated almost all of these pathological responses. Despite the reduction in lipid accumulation and redox stress (reduced TBARS and nitrotyrosine), nitrate did not improve insulin signaling within the liver or whole body pyruvate tolerance (P = 0.313 HFD vs. HFD + nitrate). Moreover, the beneficial effects of nitrate were independent of changes in weight gain, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ADP sensitivity or antioxidant protein content. Combined, these data suggest nitrate supplementation represents a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and decrease mitochondrial ROS emission following HFD, processes linked to improvements in whole body glucose tolerance. However, the beneficial effects of nitrate within the liver do not appear to be a result of increased oxidative capacity or mitochondrial substrate sensitivity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanism(s) for how dietary nitrate prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance remain poorly defined. We show that dietary nitrate attenuates HFD-induced increases in lipid accumulation, mitochondrial-specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission, and markers of oxidative stress within the liver. The beneficial effects of nitrate were independent of changes 5' AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, mitochondrial content/respiratory capacity, or lipid-supported respiratory sensitivity. Combined, these data provide potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of dietary nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather L Petrick
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henver S Brunetta
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Li S, Jin H, Sun G, Zhang C, Wang J, Xu H, Zhang D, Wang S. Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Protects Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through NRF2-Mediated Antioxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:634115. [PMID: 34163351 PMCID: PMC8215696 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is of common occurrence during liver surgery and liver transplantation and may cause hepatic impairment, resulting in acute liver dysfunction. Nitrate plays an important physiological regulatory role in the human body. Whether dietary nitrate could prevent HIRI is, however, unknown. Methods: A HIRI mouse model was established in that the blood supply to the median lobe and left lateral lobe was blocked for 60 min through the portal vein and related structures using an atraumatic clip. Sodium nitrate (4 mM) was administrated in advance through drinking water to compare the influence of sodium nitrate and normal water on HIRI. Results: Liver necrosis and injury aggravated after HIRI. The group treated with sodium nitrate showed the lowest activities of plasma aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase and improved outcomes in histological investigation and TUNEL assay. Mechanistically, sodium nitrate intake increased plasma and liver nitric oxide levels, upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-related molecules to reduce malondialdehyde level, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes to modulate hepatic oxidative stress. Conclusions: Dietary inorganic nitrate could prevent HIRI, possibly by activating the NRF2 pathway and modulating oxidative stress. Our study provides a novel therapeutic compound that could potentially prevent HIRI during liver transplantation or hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Li
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
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