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Kazi AW, Yoo EJ, Oxman D. What every intensivist should know about: Trust in the ICU. J Crit Care 2024; 83:154540. [PMID: 38423934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Trust is an essential element in the relationship between patients and intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians. Without a foundation of trust, communication is difficult, conflict is more likely, and even clinical outcomes can be affected. The ICU is a particularly challenging environment for trust to flourish. Illness occurs suddenly, emotions can be charged, the environment is impersonal, and there is rarely a prior relationship between patients and their caregivers. Therefore, intensivists must have some understanding of the factors that impact patient and family trust, as well as the actions they can take to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul W Kazi
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
| | - Erika J Yoo
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - David Oxman
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
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2
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Paliwoda ED, Setzen M. Warhol's Artwork in the Clinic: Before and After - An Invited Commentary. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104289. [PMID: 38789299 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Setzen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, New York, United States of America; Michael Setzen Otolaryngology, PC, United States of America
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Martino J, Smoliga JM, Mabry L. Not "that kind" of doctor: an exploratory study on Doctor of Physical Therapy-patient introductions in the United States. J Man Manip Ther 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39215965 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2024.2396706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This exploratory study examined the prevalence and determinants of the use of the title 'doctor' among the United States (U.S.) licensed Doctors of Physical Therapy (DPTs) during patient-provider introductions. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of DPTs across eight states was conducted. Binary logistic regression analyzed demographic and experience-related factors influencing title use, including years of experience, board certification status, and clinical instructor (CI) experience. Stepwise logistic regression with forward selection identified significant predictors. Beliefs influencing title use were evaluated through descriptive statistics from multiple choice questions with an option for open-ended responses for additional opinions. RESULTS Of the 1,311 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 19.9% reported using 'doctor' during patient-provider introductions. The odds of using the title increased with age and was higher among males, with age controlled for. Completion of a residency program and not being a CI were also associated with greater odds of title use, with age and sex controlled for. Beliefs about demonstrating expertise, having earned the title, and advancing the profession were primary reasons for using the title, while concerns about patient confusion and therapeutic alliance were reasons for not using it. Both DPTs who did and did not report using the title 'doctor' commonly cited the impact on therapeutic alliance as justification. CONCLUSIONS A minority of our sample of U.S. DPTs use the title 'doctor' during patient-provider introductions, with significant variation across age, gender, and professional experience. Deciding whether to use the title was primarily based on their perceived effects on patient beliefs. DISCUSSION This is the first study to formally investigate how DPTs refer to themselves during patient-provider introductions. Understanding title use in healthcare can inform best practices during patient interactions. This study provides a foundation for future research on the impact of DPTs mentioning their doctoral title on patient experiences and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Martino
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - James M Smoliga
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance Mabry
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
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Borrero M, Kiel L, Abuali I, Ivy ZK, Florez N. The weaponization of professionalism against physicians of color. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 39014457 PMCID: PMC11251374 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-024-00931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Though we have made ample advances in the field of medicine in recent years, our idea of professionalism continues to be based on the standard of how white men dressed in the nineteenth century. Such a standard of professionalism not only perpetuates gender bias, but also aims to remove the culture, traditions, and behaviors of minority groups with the goal of molding these individuals to resemble the majority, preventing 'Afro' heritage from entering medicine. By contextualizing our own experiences in the medical setting as physicians of color in the context of a variety of supporting literature, we provide an overview of professionalism, its role in medicine, the double standard faced by women, and how it continues to be weaponized against physicians of racial, ethnic, and religious minorities. We advocate for minority physicians to embrace their authenticity and for institutions to develop policies that openly, firmly, and enthusiastically welcome physicians of all ethnicities, religions, and genders. Positionality Statement: In the editorial you are about to read, we, the authors, collectively bring a rich tapestry of backgrounds and experiences to our discussion on healthcare disparities. Our team consists of two Hispanic/Latina oncologists, one Middle Eastern oncologist, one Black/Caribbean-American hematologist, and one White pre-medical student with Middle Eastern heritage. Our diverse backgrounds inform our perspectives and enhance our understanding of the complex and multifaceted nature of healthcare. We are united by a shared commitment to justice, equity, and the belief that every patient deserves high-quality care, regardless of their background. This editorial is informed by our professional expertise, personal experiences, and the diverse communities we serve, aiming to highlight the critical need for inclusivity and representation in healthcare. By acknowledging our positionality, we hope to provide a comprehensive and empathetic analysis that not only identifies the challenges but also offers actionable solutions to improve healthcare outcomes for all. We recognize the power of diversity in fostering innovation and driving positive change, and we are dedicated to using our voices and positions to advocate for a more equitable healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borrero
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America.
| | - Lauren Kiel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Inas Abuali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Zalaya K Ivy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America
| | - Narjust Florez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Wei X, Yu S, Li CV. Influence of Physical Attractiveness and Gender on Patient Preferences in Digital Doctor Consultations: Experimental Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e46551. [PMID: 38814690 PMCID: PMC11176878 DOI: 10.2196/46551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of digital health services, particularly digital doctor consultations, has created a new paradigm in health care choice. While patients traditionally rely on digital reviews or referrals to select health care providers, the digital context often lacks such information, leading to reliance on visual cues such as profile pictures. Previous research has explored the impact of physical attractiveness in general service settings but is scant in the context of digital health care. OBJECTIVE This study aims to fill the research gap by investigating how a health care provider's physical attractiveness influences patient preferences in a digital consultation setting. We also examine the moderating effects of disease severity and the availability of information on health care providers' qualifications. The study uses signal theory and the sexual attribution bias framework to understand these dynamics. METHODS Three experimental studies were conducted to examine the influence of health care providers' physical attractiveness and gender on patient preferences in digital consultations. Study 1 (n=282) used a 2×2 between-subjects factorial design, manipulating doctor attractiveness and gender. Study 2 (n=158) focused on women doctors and manipulated disease severity and participant gender. Study 3 (n=150) replicated study 2 but added information about the providers' abilities. RESULTS This research found that patients tend to choose attractive doctors of the opposite gender but are less likely to choose attractive doctors of the same gender. In addition, our studies revealed that such an effect is more prominent when the disease severity is high. Furthermore, the influence of gender stereotypes is mitigated in both the high and low disease severity conditions when service providers' qualification information is present. CONCLUSIONS This research contributes to the literature on medical information systems research and sheds light on what information should be displayed on digital doctor consultation platforms. To counteract stereotype-based attractiveness biases, health care platforms should consider providing comprehensive qualification information alongside profile pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shubin Yu
- Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
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Kerry R, Young KJ, Evans DW, Lee E, Georgopoulos V, Meakins A, McCarthy C, Cook C, Ridehalgh C, Vogel S, Banton A, Bergström C, Mazzieri AM, Mourad F, Hutting N. A modern way to teach and practice manual therapy. Chiropr Man Therap 2024; 32:17. [PMID: 38773515 PMCID: PMC11110311 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-024-00537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading contributor to global disability and health burden. Manual therapy (MT) interventions are commonly recommended in clinical guidelines and used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions. Traditional systems of manual therapy (TMT), including physiotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractic, and soft tissue therapy have been built on principles such as clinician-centred assessment, patho-anatomical reasoning, and technique specificity. These historical principles are not supported by current evidence. However, data from clinical trials support the clinical and cost effectiveness of manual therapy as an intervention for musculoskeletal conditions, when used as part of a package of care. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to propose a modern evidence-guided framework for the teaching and practice of MT which avoids reference to and reliance on the outdated principles of TMT. This framework is based on three fundamental humanistic dimensions common in all aspects of healthcare: safety, comfort, and efficiency. These practical elements are contextualised by positive communication, a collaborative context, and person-centred care. The framework facilitates best-practice, reasoning, and communication and is exemplified here with two case studies. METHODS A literature review stimulated by a new method of teaching manual therapy, reflecting contemporary evidence, being trialled at a United Kingdom education institute. A group of experienced, internationally-based academics, clinicians, and researchers from across the spectrum of manual therapy was convened. Perspectives were elicited through reviews of contemporary literature and discussions in an iterative process. Public presentations were made to multidisciplinary groups and feedback was incorporated. Consensus was achieved through repeated discussion of relevant elements. CONCLUSIONS Manual therapy interventions should include both passive and active, person-empowering interventions such as exercise, education, and lifestyle adaptations. These should be delivered in a contextualised healing environment with a well-developed person-practitioner therapeutic alliance. Teaching manual therapy should follow this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kerry
- School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Kenneth J Young
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - David W Evans
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Edward Lee
- School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
- Nottingham CityCare Partnership, Bennerley Rd, Nottingham, NG6 8WR, UK
| | - Vasileios Georgopoulos
- School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Adam Meakins
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Herts Hospitals Trust, Watford, WD18 0HB, UK
| | - Chris McCarthy
- School of Physiotherapy, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6GX, UK
| | - Chad Cook
- Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, 200 Morris Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Colette Ridehalgh
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Darley Rd, Eastbourne, BN20 7UR, UK
- Clinical Neuroscience, Trafford Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Steven Vogel
- University College of Osteopathy, 275 Borough High St, London, SE1 1JE, UK
| | - Amanda Banton
- University College of Osteopathy, 275 Borough High St, London, SE1 1JE, UK
| | - Cecilia Bergström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, S-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Firas Mourad
- Department of health, LUNEX, Differdange, 4671, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Health & Sport Sciences Research Institute A.s.b.l., 50, Avenue du Parc des Sports, Differdange, 4671, Luxembourg
| | - Nathan Hutting
- Department of Occupation and Health, School of Organization and Development, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Shaull L, Martin PC, Bunin J, Wyatt TR. Professionalism Policies and Practices as Experienced by First-Generation Medical Students, Residents, and Physicians. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38713767 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2345394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Phenomenon: While professionalism is largely understood to be complex and dynamic, it is oftentimes implemented as if it were static and concrete. As a result, policies and practices reflect dominant historical norms of the medical profession, which can cause tension for trainees from marginalized groups. One such group comprises those who identify as first-generation physicians - those whose parents have not earned an associate's degree or higher. This group is highly diverse in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; however, their experiences with institutional professionalism policies and practices has not yet been fully explored. In this study, our aims were to understand the ways in which these participants experience professionalism, and to inform how professionalism can be more inclusively conceptualized. Approach: In November 2022-March 2023, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 first-generation medical students, residents, and physicians and analyzed select national and institutional professionalism policies in relation to key themes identified in the interviews. The interviews were designed to elicit participants' experiences with professionalism and where they experienced tension and challenges because of their first-gen identity. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis through a critical perspective, focused on identifying tensions because of systemic and historical factors. Findings: Participants described the ways in which they experienced tension between what was written, enacted, desirable, and possible around the following elements of professionalism: physical appearance; attendance and leaves of absence; and patient care. They described a deep connection to patient care but that this joy is often overshadowed by other elements of professionalism as well as healthcare system barriers. They also shared the ways in which they wish to contribute to changing how their institutions conceptualize professionalism. Insights: Given their unique paths to and through medicine and their marginalized status in medicine, first-generation interviewees provided a necessary lens for viewing the concept of professionalism that has been largely absent in medicine. These findings contribute to our understanding of professionalism conceptually, but also practically. As professionalism evolves, it is important for institutions to translate professionalism's complexity into educational practice as well as to involve diverse voices in refining professionalism definitions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Shaull
- Academic Affairs, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Paolo C Martin
- Department of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Bunin
- Department of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tasha R Wyatt
- Department of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Houchens N, Saint S, Kuhn L, Ratz D, Engle JM, Meddings J. Patient Preferences for Telemedicine Video Backgrounds. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2411512. [PMID: 38748425 PMCID: PMC11096986 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assesses patient preferences for various visual backgrounds during telemedicine video visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Houchens
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Sanjay Saint
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Latoya Kuhn
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Ratz
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason M. Engle
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer Meddings
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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Nguyen DL, Yoon SC, Baker JA, Destounis SV, Grimm LJ. Patient Preferences of Breast Radiologists' Attire and Appearance. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1239-1247. [PMID: 37914625 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To assess patient preferences for breast radiologists' attire and appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-institutional anonymous, voluntary 19-question survey was administered to patients undergoing screening and diagnostic mammography examinations over a 5-week period. Using a 5-point Likert scale, respondents were asked about their preferences for gender-neutral attire (white coat), male-presenting attire (scrubs, dress shirt with tie, or dress shirt without tie), and female-presenting attire (scrubs, dress, blouse with pants, and blouse with skirt). Patient responses were compared to demographic data using bivariable analysis and multivariable regression. RESULTS Response rate was 84.7% (957/1130). Mean respondent age was 57.2 years±11.9. Most respondents agreed/strongly agreed that the breast radiologist's appearance mattered (52.5%, 502/956) followed by being indifferent (28.1%, 269/956). Respondents with greater education levels felt less strongly (p=0.001) about the radiologist's appearance: 63.3% (70/110) less than college cared about appearance compared to 53.5% (266/497) college/vocational and 47.4% (165/348) graduate. Most respondents felt indifferent about a breast radiologist wearing a white coat (68.9%, 657/954) or about male-presenting breast radiologists wearing a tie (77.1%, 734/952) without significant demographic differences. Almost all respondents either prefer/strongly prefer (60.1%, 572/951) or were indifferent (39.6%, 377/951) to all breast radiologists wearing scrubs when performing procedures. While respondents approved of all attire choices overall, most respondents preferred scrubs for both male- and female-presenting breast radiologists (64.0%, 612/957 and 64.9%, 621/957, respectively). CONCLUSION A variety of breast radiologists' attire can be worn while maintaining provider professionalism and without compromising patient expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA.
| | - Sora C Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Jay A Baker
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Stamatia V Destounis
- Elizabeth Wende Breast Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14620, USA
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
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McLean M, Khaira A, Alexander C. Symbols and rituals are alive and well in clinical practice in Australia: Perspectives from a longitudinal qualitative professional identity study. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023; 45:1425-1430. [PMID: 37339497 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2225722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many factors impact an individual's professional identity on their journey to becoming a doctor, including their experiences, the learning environment, role models, and symbols and rituals. Rituals and symbols associated with the medical profession have historically included wearing a white coat (now rare) and the stethoscope. This study explored two medical students' perspectives of symbolic identifiers in a six-year longitudinal study in Australia (2012-2017). METHODOLOGY A 2012 qualitative cross-sectional qualitative professional identity study in an Australian five-year undergraduate medical programme was extended to a longitudinal study with annual interviews. A conversation about the symbolism of the stethoscope and other identifiers began in Year 1 and concluded when the students were junior doctors. FINDINGS Symbols and rituals remain part of the 'becoming' and 'being' a doctor. In the context of Australian hospitals, the stethoscope appears to no longer be exclusively associated with the medical profession, with 'professional attire' distinguishing medical students and doctors from other team members (uniform). The study identified lanyard colour and design as a symbol and language as a ritual. CONCLUSIONS Although symbols and rituals may change over time and across cultural contexts, some forms of treasured material possessions and rituals will persist in medical practice.[Box: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle McLean
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arjun Khaira
- Mental Health, Mayo Private Hospital, Taree, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte Alexander
- Emergency Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Pech GP, Caspar EA. Does the cowl make the monk? The effect of military and Red Cross uniforms on empathy for pain, sense of agency and moral behaviors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1255835. [PMID: 37854147 PMCID: PMC10580073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1255835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the embodied cognition framework, cognitive functions are not confined to the brain but are also shaped by the mutual interactions between the brain, body, and external environment. In this regard, a theory developed in 2012, called enclothed cognition, suggests an effect on wearing specific clothing on various psychological processes. However, the neuro-cognitive mechanisms underlying the impact of clothing on behavior have received less systematic investigation. The present study examined the influence of clothing on prosocial behaviors, and focused on sense of agency, and empathy for pain as neuro-cognitive processes of interest. Participants (40 in total) wore civilian, military, and Red Cross uniforms. They were paired up and assigned as either agents or victims. Agents had the option to administer real electric shocks to victims for a monetary reward of +€0.05. They could choose to shock freely (free condition) or follow the experimenter's instructions (coerced condition). We measured prosocial behavior by counting the number of shocks prevented, neural empathic response using electroencephalography with the P3 and the LPP, and sense of agency through an implicit method based on interval estimates. Findings showed that wearing the Red Cross uniform led to more prosocial behavior compared to civilian clothing. The Red Cross uniform also increased neural response to pain when participants witnessed shocks, compared to civilian or military clothing. Moreover, wearing a military uniform increased the sense of agency in the free condition, as compared to civilian clothing. This study broadens our knowledge on the impact of enclothed cognition on cognitive and psychological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume P. Pech
- Consciousness, Cognition and Computation lab, Center for Research in Cognition and Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie A. Caspar
- Moral & Social Brain lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Xu X, Lu Z, Liu Z, Han Y, Zhang Y, Shen L. Patient Preferences for Anesthesiologist Attire During Preoperative Visits in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:2421-2431. [PMID: 37808275 PMCID: PMC10557984 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s430942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is important for anesthesiologists to leave good impressions and build rapport with patients during preoperative visits. However, patient preferences for anesthesiologist attire have not been well studied in China. Purpose To characterize patient perceptions of anesthesiologist attire during preoperative visits. Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional survey, we included adult patients who underwent elective operations in various surgical departments. We presented photographs of both male and female models wearing six combinations of attire (formal in a white coat buttoned, formal in a white coat unbuttoned, casual in a white coat buttoned, casual in a white coat unbuttoned, scrubs in a white coat buttoned, and scrubs in a coat of the same green color buttoned) in a randomized sequence. Participants were asked to rate each attire combination in five domains, including professionalism, experience, attitude, approachability, and caring. Results Of the 541 surveys distributed, 516 (95.4%) were completed and included in the analysis. The majority of respondents were female [389 (75.4%)] and aged 31-45 years [234 (45.3%)]. The combination of scrubs in a buttoned coat of the same color had the highest composite rating score [median (interquartile range): 50 (45, 50), adjusted P<0.001 compared with the other five combinations]. There was no significant difference in preference for standardized disposable or personalized cloth operating caps. Respondents' age was independently associated with the perceived importance of anesthesiologist attire (46-60 years vs 18-35 years: odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.12-4.18, P=0.021). Conclusion Patients prefer anesthesiologists wearing scrubs in coats of the same color. Standardizing anesthesiologist attire based on these findings may improve patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
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Hedges MS, Tolaymat LM, Haskell NK, Prier C, Walker AL, Haga C, Li Z, Yin M, McManus M, Dawson N. Patient Perception of Physician Attire Before and After the COVID-19 Global Pandemic Began. J Patient Exp 2023; 10:23743735231203115. [PMID: 37789916 PMCID: PMC10542317 DOI: 10.1177/23743735231203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study evaluated patient preference of physician attire both before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic began. The primary outcome was patient preference of physician attire in 2017 compared to 2022 survey cohorts. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study performed at a single-site academic institution in the United States using patient survey materials. In total, 339 patients were included in the study, 161 from 2017 and 178 from 2022. Key Points: There was a statistically significant decrease in patient preference for formal attire in the clinical settings of primary care, hospital, and overall. Male patient preference for formal attire declined in primary care, emergency room, and overall; whereas female patient preference for formal attire declined in the hospital setting. For all genders, the odds ratio was statistically significantly lower in the settings of primary care clinic, hospital, and overall clinical settings. Conclusions: Patient preference for physicians wearing formal attire has decreased significantly since the COVID-19 global pandemic began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S. Hedges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Cara Prier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley L. Walker
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Claire Haga
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mingyuan Yin
- Clinical Studies Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mindy McManus
- Department of Human Resources, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Dawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Théroux J, Rogers C, Moyle R, Atwood I, Bebic M, Murfit S, Martin R, Klee S, Even T, Moore A, Willmott Z, McCartney K, Cascioli V, Blanchette MA, Beynon A. Understanding patient preferences for student clinician attire: a cross-sectional study of a student chiropractic clinic in Australia. THE JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN CHIROPRACTIC ASSOCIATION 2023; 67:127-141. [PMID: 37840583 PMCID: PMC10575323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have investigated the role of clinical attire in establishing patient-held perceptions of professionalism and knowledgeability across various healthcare settings. This study aimed to understand patients' preferences for chiropractic student attire. Methods Three hundred and twenty patients were recruited from a university chiropractic clinic and asked to complete an online questionnaire. The patients' preferences for five different attires were rated and calculated as the composite score of five domains (knowledgeable, trustworthy, caring, professional, and comfortable). Results While 71.9% of participants indicated that how students dress was important to them, most (63.4%) disagreed that wearing a white coat was essential for chiropractic student clinicians. The most preferred form of attire was the current clinic shirt. Conclusion The attire worn by chiropractic student clinicians at a single institution was found to be an influential attribute. Student chiropractic clinicians should dress professionally to make a good first impression. This study provided some guidance with the ongoing debate around students' dress code.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mia Bebic
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University
| | | | | | | | - Tahla Even
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Cascioli
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University
- Murdoch University Chiropractic Clinic, Murdoch University
| | | | - Amber Beynon
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University
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15
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Kramer LL, van Velsen L, Mulder BC, Ter Stal S, de Vet E. Optimizing appreciation and persuasion of embodied conversational agents for health behavior change: A design experiment and focus group study. Health Informatics J 2023; 29:14604582231183390. [PMID: 37625392 DOI: 10.1177/14604582231183390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) can increase user engagement and involvement and can strengthen the effect of an intervention on health outcomes that is provided via an ECA. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of ECAs on health outcomes is still limited. In this article, we report on a study that has the goal to identify the effect of a match between a health topic and the ECAs' appearance on ratings of personality characteristics, persuasiveness and intention to use. We report on an online experiment with three different ECAs and three different health topics, conducted among 732 older adults. We triangulated the quantitative results with qualitative insights from a focus group. The results reveal that older adults prefer an ECA that has an appearance matching a certain health topic, resulting in higher ratings on persuasiveness and intention to use. Personality characteristics should be measured embedded within a health topic, but are not rated higher because of a match. We furthermore provide guidelines for designing the content of the ECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lean L Kramer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lex van Velsen
- Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Bob C Mulder
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Silke Ter Stal
- Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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16
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Fedai Kayin I, Çiftçi HD, Tan B, Akoglu MN. Pharmacist and child communication: A phenomenological multidisciplinary study from the perspectives of undergraduate students in pharmacy and child development. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 10:100272. [PMID: 37181501 PMCID: PMC10172831 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study is an interdisciplinary study about pharmacist-child communication exploring the perceptions and observations of students studying in two different but intersecting fields, which are pharmacy and child development. Objective The objective of the study is to illustrate the perceptions and observations of undergraduate pharmacy and child development students about pharmacist-child communication. Method The study is a phenomenological study and the phenomenon analyzed is "pharmacist-child communication". Research study group was selected via criterion sampling method. The sample group consisted of 40 undergraduate pharmacy and child development students. "Demographic Information Form" was used as the data collection tool and "Focus Group Interview Guide" was prepared for focus group interview meetings. Ten open-ended questions aligned with the research objective were asked to the students in the focus group interview. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method and the experiences of these two different groups of students were explored. Results At the end of the study, two main themes and five sub-themes were obtained. These themes and the sub-themes are as follows: adherence to drug therapy (Sub-themes: communication strategies relevant to the cognitive development at various ages of the child, rewarding children and reinforcement of good behavior, role of the parent in pharmacist-child communication) and physical characteristics of the pharmacy/pharmacist (Sub-themes: physical characteristics of the pharmacy, physical caharacteristics of the pharmacist). Conclusions Each theme was illustrated in the study with comments of the students. The results showed that the observation and perceptions of the students studying in two different fields agreed with each other and those of other researchers. It is proposed that projects and practices can be developed by these two different disciplines, pharmacy and child development are two intersecting fields. As they complement each other, they could strengthen the pharmacist-child communication and as a result support the child's adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Fedai Kayin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istinye, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding author at: Maltepe, Istinye University, Topkapı Campus, Teyyareci Sami St., Nr: 3, Floor: 11, Office: 1226, 34010, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hale Dere Çiftçi
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Tan
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Nur Akoglu
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Istinye, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Tsega S. Redefining professional attire. J Hosp Med 2022; 17:929-931. [PMID: 35946483 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surafel Tsega
- New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Clothes Make the Man-What Impact Does the Dress of Interprofessional Teams Have on Patients? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102109. [PMID: 36292556 PMCID: PMC9601812 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicians’ attire seems to play an important role in the success of patient treatment. The classic doctor’s white coat initiates a strong signal to the patient and can have a determining effect on a successful doctor–patient relationship. In a quantitative online questionnaire study comprising 52 questions, participants were shown four photos of an interprofessional German family medicine team in varying attire. One important study feature relating to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic was that the team was portrayed wearing FFP2 masks in one photo. We measured core values regarding the team’s perception in terms of sympathy, competence, trust, choosing the practice as a personal health care provider, and wanting to participate in the team. The questionnaire was posted online between March and May 2021. It was accessed 1435 times and 906 sheets were qualified for statistical analysis. For the first time in this field of research, a practice team’s attire was investigated. We found a significant influence of different clothing on the perception of sympathy, competence, trust, elective practice, and team participation. Wearing an FFP2 mask promotes feelings of security and competence. The study shows that in times of fast social changes due to rapid digitalization and an ongoing pandemic, we should present ourselves in different ways as a medical team depending on the patient groups we are targeting and the feelings we want to evoke.
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Houchens N, Saint S, Petrilli C, Kuhn L, Ratz D, De Lott L, Zollinger M, Sax H, Kamata K, Kuriyama A, Tokuda Y, Fumagalli C, Virgili G, Fumagalli S, Chopra V. International patient preferences for physician attire: results from cross-sectional studies in four countries across three continents. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061092. [PMID: 36192090 PMCID: PMC9535197 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The patient-physician relationship impacts patients' experiences and health outcomes. Physician attire is a form of nonverbal communication that influences this relationship. Prior studies examining attire preferences suffered from heterogeneous measurement and limited context. We thus performed a multicentre, cross-sectional study using a standardised survey instrument to compare patient preferences for physician dress in international settings. SETTING 20 hospitals and healthcare practices in Italy, Japan, Switzerland and the USA. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 9171 adult patients receiving care in academic hospitals, general medicine clinics, specialty clinics and ophthalmology practices. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The survey was randomised and included photographs of a male or female physician dressed in assorted forms of attire. The primary outcome measure was attire preference, comprised of composite ratings across five domains: how knowledgeable, trustworthy, caring and approachable the physician appeared, and how comfortable the respondent felt. Secondary outcome measures included variation in preferences by country, physician type and respondent characteristics. RESULTS The highest rated forms of attire differed by country, although each most preferred attire with white coat. Low ratings were conferred on attire extremes (casual and business suit). Preferences were more uniform for certain physician types. For example, among all respondents, scrubs garnered the highest rating for emergency department physicians (44.2%) and surgeons (42.4%). However, attire preferences diverged for primary care and hospital physicians. All types of formal attire were more strongly preferred in the USA than elsewhere. Respondent age influenced preferences in Japan and the USA only. CONCLUSIONS Patients across a myriad of geographies, settings and demographics harbour specific preferences for physician attire. Some preferences are nearly universal, whereas others vary substantially. As a one-size-fits-all dress policy is unlikely to reflect patient desires and expectations, a tailored approach should be sought that attempts to match attire to clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Houchens
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanjay Saint
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Latoya Kuhn
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David Ratz
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Marc Zollinger
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Department of Social and General Psychiatry Zurich West, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Sax
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kazuhiro Kamata
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tokuda
- Department of Medicine, Muribushi Project for Okinawa Residency Programs, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Carlo Fumagalli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Virgili
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vineet Chopra
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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20
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Yap AU, Kwan YY, Kok L, Lee XF, Lee DZR. Dental Environment and Practitioner Preferences of Southeast Asian Youths with Dental Fear/Anxiety. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:671-677. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ujin Yap
- Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital
- Faculty of Dentistry National University Health System Singapore
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore National Dental Centre Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Health Services Singapore
- School of Health and Social Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Kwan
- School of Health and Social Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore
| | - Li Kok
- School of Health and Social Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore
| | - Xin Fang Lee
- School of Health and Social Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore
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21
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Meza-Comparán HD, Mancilla-Galindo J, Kammar-García A, Phinder-Puente ME, Rayo-Rodríguez S, Deloya-Tomas E, Pérez-Nieto OR. Reply to Is the White Coat the Problem? Nurses' Perspective. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:647-648. [PMID: 36114036 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashuin Kammar-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad de México, México; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Saúl Rayo-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital General San Juan del Río, Querétaro, México
| | - Ernesto Deloya-Tomas
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital General San Juan del Río, Querétaro, México
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22
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Engler ID, Ahrendt GM, Curley AJ, Musahl V. Surgeon Personality, Time Spent With the Patient, and Quality of Facilities Are the Most Important Factors to Patients in Selecting an Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Surgeon. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e1023-e1029. [PMID: 35747634 PMCID: PMC9210365 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the most important factors to patients across the United States in selecting an orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon. Methods In this cross-sectional survey study, adult U.S. residents were surveyed using Amazon Mechanical Turk, a validated survey tool. Data included demographics and the relative importance of both pre-office and in-office factors that determine how patients select an orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon. Results were compiled, and factors were compared by patient demographics. Results Of 1,074 respondents, 56.3% were male, and 60.0% were 25 to 40 years old. Responses were geographically diverse. The most important factors in selecting a sports medicine surgeon (graded on a 0-10 scale) were surgeon professionalism and personality (6.6), quality of the hospital/office facilities (6.4), and how much time the surgeon spends with the patient (6.4). Each of these in-office factors were more important than pre-office factors, the most important of which were reputation of the surgeon’s hospital or group (6.3), surgeon’s reviews on medical review websites (6.2), and surgeon’s educational background (6.0). The least important factors were surgeon’s sex (3.7), marketing of the surgeon (4.2), and surgeon’s social media accounts (4.3). A social media account was taken into consideration at least “a little” by nearly two-thirds of respondents. The most preferred surgeon personality was a balance of professional and lighthearted (66.9%), with strictly professional (27.6%) or largely lighthearted (5.6%) less preferred. Conclusions The most important factors to patients in selecting their orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon, regardless of patient sex, race, or geography, are related to the patient’s in-office experience, including surgeon’s professionalism/personality, how much time the surgeon spends with the patient, and quality of the hospital/office facilities. Surgeons should consider prioritizing a professional office environment and taking the time to get to know patients for the benefit of their patients and their practice. Clinical Relevance The market for orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons is competitive. It is important to know what qualities of a surgeon and his or her practice are important to patients.
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23
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Dayani F, Thawanyarat K, Mirmanesh M, Spargo T, Saia W, Nazerali R. Dress to Impress: Public Perception of Plastic Surgeon Attire. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:697-706. [PMID: 34849557 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician attire has been shown to impact patients' perceptions of their provider with regards to professionalism, competency, and trustworthiness in various surgical subspecialties, except in plastic and reconstructive surgery. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to address this knowledge gap and obtain objective information regarding patients' preferences. METHODS A survey was distributed to adult, English-speaking participants in the United States using the Amazon MTurk platform from February 2020 to December 2020. Participants were asked to evaluate with a 5-point Likert scale 6 attires (scrubs, scrubs with white coat, formal attire, formal attire with white coat, casual, casual with white coat) in terms of professionalism, competency, and trustworthiness for male and female plastic surgeons during their first encounter in clinic. RESULTS A total of 316 responses were obtained from 43.4% men and 56.6% women. The mean age of participants was 53.2 years. The highest scores across all metrics of professionalism, competency, trustworthiness, willingness to share information, confidence in the provider, and confidence in surgical outcomes were given to the formal attire with white coat group, with average scores of 4.85, 4.71, 4.69, 4.73, 4.79, and 4.72, respectively. The lowest scores across all metrics belonged to the casual attire group with scores of 3.36, 3.29, 3.31, 3.39, 3.29, and 3.20, respectively. Patients preferred formal attire for young plastic surgeons (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that physician attire impacts patients' perception of plastic surgeons regarding their professionalism, competency, and trustworthiness. White coats continue to remain a powerful entity in clinical settings given that attires with white coats were consistently ranked higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fara Dayani
- UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Mirmanesh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tavish Spargo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Whitney Saia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rahim Nazerali
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Grün FC, Heibges M, Westfal V, Feufel MA. "You Never Get a Second Chance": First Impressions of Physicians Depend on Their Body Posture and Gender. Front Psychol 2022; 13:836157. [PMID: 35386902 PMCID: PMC8978719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.836157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A first impression matters, in particular when encounters are brief as in most doctor-patient interactions. In this study, we investigate how physicians’ body postures impact patients’ first impressions of them and extend previous research by exploring posture effects on the perception of all roles of a physician – not just single aspects such as scholarly expertise or empathy. In an online survey, 167 participants ranked photographs of 4 physicians (2 female, 2 male) in 4 postures (2 open, 2 closed). The results show that male physicians were rated more positively when assuming open rather than closed postures with respect to all professional physician roles. Female physicians in open postures were rated similarly positive for items related to medical competence, but they tended to be rated less favorably with respect to social skills (such as the ability to communicate with and relate to the patient). These findings extend what is known about the effects of physicians’ body postures on the first impressions patients form to judge physicians’ medical versus social competencies. We discuss practical implications and the need for more research on interaction effects of body postures and physician gender on first impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Grün
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics (IPA), Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Heibges
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics (IPA), Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Westfal
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics (IPA), Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus A Feufel
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics (IPA), Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Crutzen C, Adam S. "What if It's not Just an Item of Clothing?" - A Narrative Review and Synthesis of the White Coat in the Context of Aged Care. Psychol Belg 2022; 62:62-74. [PMID: 35291725 PMCID: PMC8877653 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although increasingly disputed, the white coat uniform is ubiquitous in geriatric care, which may reflect a phenomenon called medicalisation of ageing. This narrative review is the first attempt at integrating several theoretical approaches, such as the "white coat effect" and "enclothed cognition", in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the use of this clothing item. Based on extensive empirical evidence, we will examine the consequences of wearing a uniform, not only on patients (in this case, older patients) and healthcare professionals, but also on their relationship. The white coat has powerful symbolic functions for healthcare professionals and is still preferred by older adults. However, the negative repercussions of wearing a uniform require us to question its use, particularly in environments where older persons live, such as nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Crutzen
- Psychology of Aging Unit, University of Liège (B63C), Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Adam
- Psychology of Aging Unit, University of Liège (B63C), Liège, Belgium
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26
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Ferrell D, Campos-Castillo C. Factors Affecting Physicians' Credibility on Twitter When Sharing Health Information: Online Experimental Study. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e34525. [PMID: 37113807 PMCID: PMC9987183 DOI: 10.2196/34525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Largely absent from research on how users appraise the credibility of professionals as sources for the information they find on social media is work investigating factors shaping credibility within a specific profession, such as physicians. Objective We address debates about how physicians can show their credibility on social media depending on whether they employ a formal or casual appearance in their profile picture. Using prominence-interpretation theory, we posit that formal appearance will affect perceived credibility based on users' social context-specifically, whether they have a regular health care provider. Methods For this experiment, we recruited 205 social media users using Amazon Mechanical Turk. We asked participants if they had a regular health care provider and then randomly assigned them to read 1 of 3 Twitter posts that varied only in the profile picture of the physician offering health advice. Next, we tasked participants with assessing the credibility of the physician and their likelihood of engaging with the tweet and the physician on Twitter. We used path analysis to assess whether participants having a regular health care provider impacted how the profile picture affected their ratings of the physician's credibility and their likelihood to engage with the tweet and physician on Twitter. Results We found that the profile picture of a physician posting health advice in either formal or casual attire did not elicit significant differences in credibility, with ratings comparable to those having no profile image. Among participants assigned the formal appearance condition, those with a regular provider rated the physician higher on a credibility than those without, which led to stronger intentions to engage with the tweet and physician. Conclusions The findings add to existing research by showing how the social context of information seeking on social media shapes the credibility of a given professional. Practical implications for professionals engaging with the public on social media and combating false information include moving past debates about casual versus formal appearances and toward identifying ways to segment audiences based on factors like their backgrounds (eg, experiences with health care providers).
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Affiliation(s)
- DaJuan Ferrell
- Critical Writing Program University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA United States
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Bhoyar AG, Kambala S, Nimonkar SV, Dhamande MM. Perception of interns regarding influence of dressing on professional performance at workplace in dentistry. Ann Afr Med 2022; 21:451-455. [PMID: 36412350 PMCID: PMC9850885 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_196_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a health-care setup, interpersonal communication plays a pivotal role in the attainment of professional outcomes. Dressing is an indirect mode of communication. Since ancient times, it is assumed that doctor's clothing have a positive effect on the minds of patients. This survey evaluates the perception of interns from dental sciences regarding the impact of dressing on professional performance at workplace. Materials and Methods A self-designed questionnaire was distributed among a batch of interns who were willing to participate in the survey. Seventy-six interns returned the responses which were complete without any duplication. All the survey forms were scrutinized and the data were collated. Qualitative analysis of the assembled data was performed to evaluate intern's perception about the association between dressing and professional performance at workplace. Results Results of the survey demonstrated that 81.6% of the participants dress up to work as per their temperament. About 65.8% of the participants believed that dental professionals should choose formal wear for workplace settings. Majority of the participants, i.e., 67.1%, believed that dressing affects perception on personality traits such as dignity and character of a professional. A wide number of interns perceived that dressing alters the behavior of self, patients, and colleagues (55.3%, 71.1%, and 68.4%, respectively). The result of this survey also showed a positive correlation between dressing and professional traits such as confidence, responsibility, and efficiency (75.0%, 63.2%, and 63.2%, respectively). Notably, 55.3% opined against enforcing a dress code for dental institutions/dental offices. Conclusion The result of the study represents the positive influence of dressing on professional performance at workplace in dentistry as perceived by interns from the faculty of dental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Giridhar Bhoyar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Anjali Giridhar Bhoyar, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha - 442 004, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Seema Kambala
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharayu Vinod Nimonkar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mithilesh Murlidhar Dhamande
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Jeraq MW, Mulder MB, Kaplan D, Lew JI, Farra JC. Telemedicine During COVID-19 Pandemic: Endocrine Surgery Patient Perspective. J Surg Res 2021; 274:125-135. [PMID: 35150945 PMCID: PMC8712268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many medical providers have turned to telemedicine as an alternative method to provide ambulatory patient care. Perspectives of endocrine surgery patients regarding this mode of healthcare delivery remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the opinions and perspectives of endocrine surgery patients regarding telemedicine. Methods The first 100 adult patients who had their initial telemedicine appointment with two endocrine surgeons were contacted at the conclusion of their visit. The survey administered assessed satisfaction with telemedicine, the provider, and whether attire or video background played a role in their perception of the quality of care received using a 5-point Likert scale. Differences in responses between new and returning patients were also evaluated. Results Telemedicine endocrine surgery patients stated excellent satisfaction with their visit (4.89 out of 5) and their provider (4.96 out of 5). Although there was less consensus that telemedicine was equivalent to in-person or face-to-face clinic visits (4.15 out of 5), patients would recommend a telemedicine visit to others and most agreed that this modality made it easier to obtain healthcare (4.7 out of 5). Attire of the provider and video background did not influence patient opinion in regard to the quality of care they received. Returning patients were more likely to be satisfied with this modality (4.94 versus 4.73, P = 0.02) compared to new patients. Conclusions This study shows that telemedicine does not compromise patient satisfaction or healthcare delivery for patients and is a viable clinic option for endocrine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed W Jeraq
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Michelle B Mulder
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dina Kaplan
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - John I Lew
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Josefina C Farra
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Marques Caetano Carreira L, Dinis S, Correia A, Pereira A, Belo R, Madanelo I, Brito D, Gomes R, Monteiro L, Correia G, Maia C, Marques T, Sousa R, Abreu D, Matias C, Constantino L, Rosendo I. Does the white coat influence satisfaction, trust and empathy in the doctor-patient relationship in the General and Family Medicine consultation? Interventional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e031887. [PMID: 34937710 PMCID: PMC8705075 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the influence of the white coat on patient satisfaction, opinions about medical clothing, perception about confidence, empathy and medical knowledge and the satisfaction and comfort level of physicians in consultation. SETTING An interventional study was conducted with a representative sample of the population attending primary care in central Portugal. PARTICIPANTS The sample was composed by 286 patients divided into two groups exposed or not to a doctor wearing a white coat. The first and last patients in consultation every day for 10 consecutive days were included. INTERVENTIONS Every other day the volunteer physicians consulted with or without the use of a white coat. At the end of the consultation, a questionnaire was distributed to the patient with simple questions with a Likert scale response, the Portuguese version of the 'Trust in physician' scale and the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy - Portuguese Version (JSPPPE-VP scale). A questionnaire was also distributed to the physician. OUTCOMES Planned and measured primary outcomes were patient satisfaction, trust and perception about empathy and secondary outcomes were opinion about medical clothing, satisfaction and comfort level of physicians in consultation. RESULTS The sample was homogeneous in terms of sociodemographic variables. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of satisfaction, trust, empathy and knowledge perceived by the patients. There were differences in the opinion of the patients about the white coat, and when the physician was wearing the white coat this group of patients tended to think that this was the only acceptable attire for the physician (p<0.001). But when the family physician was in consultation without the white coat, this group of patients tended to agree that communication was easier (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant impact of the white coat in patient satisfaction, empathy and confidence in the family physician. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov ID number: NCT03965416.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Dinis
- UCSP Porto de Mós (Polo Mira de Aire), Mira de Aire, Portugal
| | - António Correia
- UCSP Porto de Mós (Polo Mira de Aire), Mira de Aire, Portugal
| | | | | | - Inês Madanelo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- UCSP Vouzela, Vouzela, Portugal
| | | | | | - Luís Monteiro
- USF Esgueira Mais, Aveiro, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gil Correia
- USF Marquês de Marialva, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Abreu
- UCSP Oliveira do Hospital, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Catarina Matias
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- USF Coimbra Centro, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Rosendo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- USF Coimbra Centro, Coimbra, Portugal
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Shimizu A, Takeuchi M, Kurosaki F, Tamba K, Sata N, Shimizu M, Lefor AK. Physician Attire Influences Patient and Family Perceptions of Care in the Palliative Care Unit in Japan. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2021; 39:907-912. [PMID: 34706586 DOI: 10.1177/10499091211051670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician attire influences perceptions of care. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of physician attire on perceptions of care by patients and families in a Japanese palliative care unit. METHODS From November 2018 to February 2020, patients and family members admitted to the Palliative Care Unit at Jichi Medical University Hospital were recruited and completed a survey consisting of 4 demographic questions and 15 questions regarding perceptions of care. A 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = neutral, 7 = strongly disagree) was used to judge attire (name tag, long sleeve white coat, short sleeve white coat, scrubs, scrub color, jeans, sneakers) addressing patient and overall impact on perception of care. RESULTS Of 203 patients admitted, 79 were enrolled. Surveys were received from 23 patients and 52 family members. Patients and families want physicians to wear name tags (median, interquartile range) (2, 1-2) and white coats (3, 2-4). Patients want to be addressed by surnames (2, 1.5-4). Patients and family members have neutral opinions about short sleeve white coats (4, 4-4) and scrubs (4, 4-4). Jeans were not liked (4, 4-6) while sneakers are acceptable (3, 2-4). The impact of attire on perceptions of care is significantly (p = .04) greater for patients (3, 2-4) than family members (4, 3-4). CONCLUSION Patients and family members prefer their physicians to wear name tags and white coats and address patients by surnames. Physician attire has a significantly greater impact on perceptions of care for patients than family members in a palliative care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Palliative Care, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mitsue Takeuchi
- Division of Palliative Care, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumio Kurosaki
- Division of Palliative Care, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaichiro Tamba
- Division of Palliative Care, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoko Shimizu
- Department of General Education, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Rêgo ICQ, Pires MMDS, Dick B, Bolan M, Canto GDL. Children's and parents' perceptions concerning surgical attire: a systematic review. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2021; 40:e2020380. [PMID: 34706033 PMCID: PMC8547135 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature about children's and parent's perceptions on surgical attire. DATA SOURCE A systematic search was conducted in the databases EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar, Open Grey and ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Database. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 2,567 papers were identified. After a two-phase selection, 15 studies were included in narrative synthesis. Children favored wearing white coats in five of the nine included studies (55.5% [95%CI 48.3-62.7]; p=1.00). With respect to parents' preferences, results of vote counting showed that in 11 of 15 included studies, they favored physicians wearing white coats (73.3% [95%CI 67.9-78.6]; p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS Children and parents have preferred physicians to wear a white coat with a very low certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michele Bolan
- Universidade de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Cham P, Laventhal N, Burrows H, Chopra V, Weiner GM. Parent Preferences for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Physician Attire: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Perinatol 2021; 40:898-905. [PMID: 34396496 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physician attire may influence the parent-provider relationship. Previous studies in adult and outpatient pediatrics showed that formal attire with a white coat was preferred. We aimed to describe parent preferences for physician attire in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN We surveyed 101 parents in a level IV NICU. The survey included photographs of a physician in seven different attires. Attire was scored in five domains and parents selected the most preferred attire in different contexts. All attires were compared with formal attire with white coat. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare parent responses. RESULTS Scrubs without white coat (40.8 [7.0]) and formal attire without white coat (39.7 [8.0]) had the highest mean (standard deviation) composite preference scores. However, no significant differences between formal attire with white coat (37.1 [9.0]) versus any other attire were observed. When asked to choose a single most preferred attire, scrubs with a coat (32%) and formal with a coat (32%) were chosen most often, but preferences varied by clinical context and parent age. For example, parents preferred surgical scrubs for physicians performing procedures. Parents indicated that physician attire is important to them but does not influence their satisfaction with care. CONCLUSION Although parents generally favored formal attire and scrubs, the variations based on the context of care and lack of significant preference of one attire suggests that a single dress code policy for physicians in a NICU is unlikely to improve the patient-provider relationship. KEY POINTS · Adult patients prefer doctors to wear formal attire.. · Physician attire preferences influenced by age, setting, and context of care.. · Little is known about physician attire preferences of the parents of neonates.. · Unlike adult patients, NICU parents did not prefer formal attire with a white coat..
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Cham
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Naomi Laventhal
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Heather Burrows
- Division of General and Ambulatory Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vineet Chopra
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary M Weiner
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
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Perceived Professionalism of a Dietitian Is Not Influenced by Attire or White Coat. TOP CLIN NUTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xun H, Chen J, Sun AH, Jenny HE, Liang F, Steinberg JP. Public Perceptions of Physician Attire and Professionalism in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2117779. [PMID: 34328503 PMCID: PMC8325071 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In recent years, casual physician attire (fleece jackets and softshell jackets) has become increasingly popular, but to our knowledge, public perceptions of these garments have not been studied. Furthermore, gender biases may result in differing expectations and perceptions of female and male physicians and may be associated with patient rapport and trust building. OBJECTIVE To characterize public perceptions of casual physician attire and implicit gender biases in public assessment of physicians' professional attire. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study used a population-based survey administered via Amazon Mechanical Turk from May to June 2020 among individuals aged 18 years or older who were US residents and for whom English was the primary language. INTERVENTION Survey featuring photographs of a male or female model wearing various types of physician attire (white coat, business attire, and scrubs). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Respondents' ratings of professionalism, experience, and friendliness of the male and female models in various attire and perceptions of the models' most likely health care profession. Preference scores for various outfits were calculated as the difference between the preference score for an outfit and the mean preference score for the outfit-role pairing. RESULTS Of 522 surveys completed, 487 were included for analysis; the mean (SD) age of respondents was 36.2 (12.4) years, 260 (53.4%) were female, and 372 (76.4%) were White individuals. Respondents perceived models of health care professionals wearing white coats vs those wearing fleece or softshell jackets as significantly more experienced (mean [SD] experience score: white coat, 4.9 [1.5]; fleece, 3.1 [1.5]; softshell, 3.1 [1.5]; P < .001) and professional (mean [SD] professionalism score: white coat, 4.9 [1.6]; fleece, 3.2 [1.5]; softshell, 3.3 [1.5]; P < .001). A white coat with scrubs attire was most preferred for surgeons (mean [SD] preference index: 1.3 [2.3]), whereas a white coat with business attire was preferred for family physicians and dermatologists (mean [SD] preference indexes, 1.6 [2.3] and 1.2 [2.3], respectively; P < .001). Regardless of outerwear, female models in business attire as inner wear were rated as less professional than male counterparts (mean [SD] professionalism score: male, 65.8 [25.4]; female, 56.2 [20.2]; P < .001). Both the male and the female model were identified by the greater number of respondents as a physician or surgeon; however, the female model vs the male model was mistaken by more respondents as a medical technician (39 [8.0] vs 16 [3.3%]; P < .005), physician assistant (56 [11.5%] vs 11 [2.3%]; P < .001), or nurse (161 [33.1%] vs 133 [27.3%]; P = .050). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study, survey respondents rated physicians wearing casual attire as less professional and experienced than those wearing a white coat. Gender biases were found in impressions of professionalism, with female physicians' roles being more frequently misidentified. Understanding disparate public perceptions of physician apparel may inform interventions to address professional role confusion and cumulative career disadvantages for women in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Xun
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonlin Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander H. Sun
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hillary E. Jenny
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fan Liang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Jordan P. Steinberg
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Patient Perception of Physician Attire in the Outpatient Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021; 5:01979360-202106000-00005. [PMID: 34081044 PMCID: PMC8177872 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-21-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, physician attire has evolved to incorporate personal protective equipment (PPE). Although PPE is mandated for all healthcare workers, variability exists in choice and availability. The purpose of this study was to determine patient perception of physician attire during the COVID-19 pandemic in an outpatient setting. Methods: Three hundred sixty-eight patients who presented to our outpatient orthopaedic clinics completed an anonymous survey. In addition to demographic characteristics, patient preferences for attire, PPE, and social distancing were obtained. Results: Scrubs (81%, 298/368) were found to be the most acceptable physician attire. Eye protection (34.2%, 126/368) and gloves (32.6%, 120/368), however, were deemed much less acceptable; 93.5% (344/368) of patients reported that no mask was unacceptable, with 41.0% (151/368) preferring a surgical mask. Predilection for a surgical mask and N95 rose with increasing patient education level. Interestingly, 55.2% (203/368) responded that physicians should stop wearing PPE only when the Center for Disease Control recommends. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the patients found scrubs to be the most acceptable attire in an office-based outpatient setting. Patients also found physician mask-wearing to be important but are less accepting of providers wearing eye and hand protection.
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Matsuhisa T, Takahashi N, Takahashi K, Yoshikawa Y, Aomatsu M, Sato J, Mercer SW, Ban N. Effect of physician attire on patient perceptions of empathy in Japan: a quasi-randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:59. [PMID: 33789572 PMCID: PMC8011374 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background There is limited quantitative research on the effect of physician attire on patient–physician relationships. This study aimed to measure the influence of Japanese family physicians’ attire on the “human” aspects of medical care in terms of patient-perceived relational empathy. Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, controlled trial conducted in primary clinics in Japan. We explored the effects of family physician attire (white coat vs. casual attire) on patient-perceived empathy. Family physicians were allocated to alternate weeks of wearing a white coat or casual attire during consultations. Patients’ perceptions of physician empathy were evaluated using the self-rated Japanese Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure. We used a linear mixed model to analyze the CARE Measure scores, adjusting for cluster effects of patients nested within doctor, age, and sex of patients, and doctors’ sex and years of clinical experience. We used the same method with Bonferroni adjustment to analyze patient sex differences in perceived empathy. Results A total of 632 patients of seven family physicians were allocated to white coat-wearing consultations (n = 328), and casual attire-wearing consultations (n = 304). There was no difference in CARE Measure scores between white coat and casual primary care consultations overall (p = 0.162). Subgroup analysis of patient sex showed that CARE Measure scores of male patients were significantly higher in the Casual group than in the White coat group (adjusted p-value = 0.044). There was no difference in female patient scores between White coat and Casual groups (adjusted p-value = 1.000). Conclusions This study demonstrated that physician attire (white coat or casual attire) in a primary care setting did not affect patient-perceived relational empathy overall. However, male patients of physicians wearing casual attire reported higher physician empathy. Although empathy cannot be reduced to simple variables such as attire, white coats may have a negative effect on patients, depending on the context. Family physicians should choose their attire carefully. Trial registration Japanese University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN-ICDR). Clinical Trial identifier number UMIN000037687 (Registered August 14, 2019, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042749). The study was prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Matsuhisa
- Department of General Medicine/Family & Community Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Takahashi
- Department of Education for Community-Oriented Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of General Medicine/Family & Community Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Aomatsu
- Department of Medical Education, Saku Central Hospital, 197 Usuda, Saku, 385-0051, Japan
| | - Juichi Sato
- Department of General Medicine/Family & Community Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Nobutaro Ban
- Medical Education Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
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Patient Attitudes and Preferences for Orthopaedic Surgeon Greetings. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2021; 29:e126-e131. [PMID: 32649437 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have demonstrated that patient-centered interaction promotes higher satisfaction and improved health outcomes, whereas poor communication behaviors have been associated with decreased satisfaction and an increased risk of malpractice claims. To our knowledge, no such study has investigated patient preferences for greetings and handshakes in the outpatient orthopaedic setting. METHODS A survey was generated with ranking and Likert scale questions regarding the initial patient-orthopaedic surgeon outpatient interaction. The survey was offered to adult patients at an urban, academic, outpatient orthopaedic surgery clinic. Surveys were completed by subjects while in the waiting room and returned before the first interaction with their orthopaedic surgeon. RESULTS Completed surveys were collected from 160 patients over a 3-month period. Overall, medical knowledge was valued above other physician attributes, including the physician greeting (P < 0.001). Subjects preferred a more formal introduction by their physician, with the use of title and first and last name preferred to the physician's first name only (P < 0.001), first and last name only (P < 0.001), and title and last name only (P < 0.001). Patients strongly preferred their physician address them by their first name only compared with first and last name (P < 0.001). Shaking hands was determined to be moderately important and did not vary by any demographic category. CONCLUSIONS Patients in this cohort considered their orthopaedic surgeon's greeting to be less important than their surgeon's medical knowledge, but more important than their appearance and attire. Respondents preferred their orthopaedic surgeon introduce themselves with their title, first name, and last name but to use the patient's first name only. The results of our study should be taken into consideration when greeting patients to facilitate rapport-building and improve the patient experience. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, cross-sectional survey study.
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Cunningham B. The White Coat: A Counter Narrative. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2021; 21:74-76. [PMID: 33534676 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1861366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Greif DN, Shallop BJ, Rizzo MG, Cade WH, Letter M, Muñoz J, Baraga MG, Kaplan LD. Telehealth in an Orthopedic Sports Medicine Clinic: The First 100 Patients. Telemed J E Health 2021; 27:1275-1281. [PMID: 33513048 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Orthopedic specialties have begun to embrace telehealth as an alternative to in-person visits. We have not found studies assessing telehealth in sports medicine. Our goal is to evaluate patient perception of telehealth in an orthopedic sports medicine practice. Methods: Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained. The first 100 patients 18 years and older who had their initial videoconference telehealth appointment with our sports medicine providers from March to April 2020 were contacted at the conclusion of their visit. Surveys assessed satisfaction with telehealth, the provider, and whether attire played a role in their perception of the quality of the telehealth visit. Results: Patients on average stated excellent satisfaction with their visit (4.76 out of 5) and their provider (4.98 out of 5). Patients slightly disagreed with the notion that telehealth is equivalent to in-person provider visits (2.95 out of 5). This did not affect their perception to telehealth itself. It did not discourage patients from recommending telehealth or their provider to future patients. Patients overall felt that attire of the provider does not influence their opinion as to the standard of care they received. Returning patients versus new patient visits were more likely to recommend telehealth to others (4.83 vs. 4.56, p = 0.04). The responses from both groups were overwhelmingly positive. Conclusion: Telehealth is a viable clinic option in an orthopedic sports medicine clinic. Patients who have seen providers in-person previously are more likely to recommend telehealth versus new patients. New patients were satisfied with their telehealth experience. Level of Evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon J Shallop
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Michael G Rizzo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - William H Cade
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Letter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Julianne Muñoz
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Michael G Baraga
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Nuno J, Fernandes S, Silva TR, Guimarães AC, Pereira BM, Laureano-Alves S, de Sousa ICV, Brito D, Firmino-Machado J. What attributes do patients prefer in a family physician? A cross-sectional study in a northern region of Portugal. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e035130. [PMID: 33514569 PMCID: PMC7849883 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine which modifiable and non-modifiable attributes patients prefer in a family physician, as well as to analyse participants' characteristics associated with their choices. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Family healthcare units (FHU) in the city of Braga and Barcelos (Northern Portugal). PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18 years or more, enrolled in the selected FHU. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The preferred attributes were assessed with a questionnaire delivered in the FHU. These attributes included gender, age and nationality and the importance of being Portuguese, of greeting with a handshake, of welcoming in the waiting area, of using an identification badge and of wearing a white coat. RESULTS A total of 556 questionnaires were included in the analysis; 66% and 58% of the participants had no preference for the gender or age of the family physician, respectively. Using a multinomial logistic regression, male participants were 3.8 times more likely to have a preference for a male physician than having no preference, in comparison to female participants (OR 3.864, 95% CI 1.96 to 7.61). More than 69% of the participants considered greeting with a handshake, using an identification badge and wearing a white coat important or very important. There was a statistically significant association between being Portuguese and the major importance given to the use of an identification badge (β=0.68, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.12). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that modifiable attributes of the family physician (greeting, presence of an identification badge and wearing a white coat) are important for patients. Potential changes in family physician attitude in consultation could ultimately affect patient-physician relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nuno
- Family Health Unit 7fontes, Northern Regional Health Administration, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Fernandes
- Family Health Unit 7fontes, Northern Regional Health Administration, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rei Silva
- Family Health Unit Gualtar, Northern Regional Health Administration, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sara Laureano-Alves
- Family Health Unit Ruães, Northern Regional Health Administration, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Dinis Brito
- Family Health Unit 7fontes, Northern Regional Health Administration, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Firmino-Machado
- EPIUnit -The Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Western Oporto Public Health Unit, Northern Regional Health Administration, Porto, Portugal
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Scheive M, Gillis J, Gillis S, Legault GL. Patient Perception of Physician Attire in a Military Ophthalmology Clinic. Cureus 2021; 13:e12472. [PMID: 33552788 PMCID: PMC7857148 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to investigate patient preferences of physician attire in an outpatient military ophthalmology clinic to determine how these preferences affect patients’ perceptions of physician competence and their overall clinical experience. Materials and methods This study is a prospective survey administered to patients at the ophthalmology clinic at Brooke Army Medical Center. USA. Patients who were willing to participate in a volunteer survey were included in this study. Demographic information and survey questions were utilized in this study along with words and pictures for patients to select a preference in physician attire in the clinic setting (scrubs, military uniform, or civilian professional attire) and surgical setting (surgical cap or a surgical bouffant). The survey asks patients if physician attire impacts patient confidence in physician abilities (yes or no) and if surgeon attire impacts the likelihood of the patient taking the surgeon’s advice (yes or no). Results The demographic distribution includes 57-77 years old participants (53%), females (61%), retirees (49%), and dependent spouses (40%). The racial distribution includes 46% - Caucasian, 20% - African American, 22% - Hispanic, 6 - % Asian, and 6% - other. Most patient appointment types were established follow-up (77%) with only 12% new and 11% walk-in. The survey results (N=308) indicate that most patients (64%) did not have a preference in physician clinical attire, while 22% preferred scrubs, 11% preferred military uniform, and 3% preferred civilian attire. Most patients (66%) did not have a preference for surgical headwear, while 27% preferred the surgical cap, and 7% preferred the surgical bouffant. Only 9% of the patients surveyed indicated that physician attire impacted their confidence in their physician’s ability, and 12% reported that attire impacted the likelihood of taking advice. Conclusions Most patients in an outpatient military ophthalmology clinic do not have a preference for physician attire or surgical headwear when surveyed. The majority of patients did not feel physician attire impacted their perception of physician's ability or their likelihood of taking advice. When indicating a preference, patients tended to prefer scrubs to outpatient civilian attire or military attire and trended towards preferring surgical cap over surgical bouffant for headwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Scheive
- Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - John Gillis
- Ophthalmology, Wilford Hall Eye Center, Lackland, USA
| | - Sarah Gillis
- Endocrinology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Gary L Legault
- Ophthalmology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
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Suresh Babu YS, Gulati Y, Raina P. Need for appropriate hospital attire in orthopedic patients. APOLLO MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_10_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bravery BD, Stojkov J, Brown J. Supporting effective doctor–patient communication: doctors’ name badges. Med J Aust 2020; 213:500-501.e1. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy Brown
- Blacktown and Mount Druitt Hospital Sydney NSW
- Nepean Hospital Sydney NSW
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Sorrell S, Ibrahim H. First year medical students' perceptions of the impact of wearing scrubs on professional identity: a narrative analysis in the United Arab Emirates. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039357. [PMID: 33148751 PMCID: PMC7640520 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medical school serves as a critical developmental period for future physicians, during which students begin to form a professional identity. Just as personal appearance, particularly clothing, is an important external expression of one's personal identity, 'uniforms' in healthcare, including white coats and scrubs, symbolise status and a group identity. There are, however, limited studies on the impact of physician attire on medical students' formation of professional identity. Accordingly, through qualitative analysis of written narratives, we sought to analyse medical students' experiences of wearing professional physician attire, namely scrubs, and how the uniform impacted their confidence level, performance and behaviours, as well as their identity as future physicians. DESIGN Qualitative analysis of medical student's written narratives. SETTING Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences (KU CMHS) is a new medical school in the United Arab Emirates, with an inaugural class of 30 students admitted in August 2019. It is the only medical school in the city of Abu Dhabi, and the only school in the country that follows a postgraduate medical curriculum. PARTICIPANTS All first year medical students at KU CMHS were purposively sampled. METHODS Students completed a voluntary online anonymous questionnaire. We employed a social identity approach to data analysis. Thematic content analysis was conducted on their narratives to identify themes. RESULTS We identified three major themes, namely (1) emotions, (2) logistics and (3) interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSIONS Medical students form early perceptions regarding physician attire and its impact on their professional identity. Engaging in conversations regarding professional attire with educators or mentors could provide an important opportunity for students to discuss and explore professional identity early in training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sorrell
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halah Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Bentley E, Kellihan H, Longhurst C, Chun R. Effect of attire on client perceptions of veterinarians. Vet J 2020; 265:105550. [PMID: 33129551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect that veterinarian attire and gender had on clients' perceptions of veterinarians in a large academic specialty hospital. Clients volunteered to answer a survey in the small animal waiting area over a 3-month period. The survey consisted of demographic information, information about the nature of their appointment with their pet, and questions regarding clients' levels of comfort with and the perceived trustworthiness of a Caucasian male and Caucasian female model in four different types of attire: surgical scrubs, surgical scrubs with white lab coat, business casual, and business casual with white lab coat. Relevant effects of interest were estimated using linear mixed models. Five hundred and five clients participated in the survey, yielding a total of 6217 completed survey questions. Clients perceived veterinarians wearing white lab coats as more competent and reported more comfort with those veterinarians (P < 0.0001). When comparing surgical scrubs with no white lab coat to business attire with no white lab coat, surgical scrubs resulted in higher perceived competence and comfort levels (P < 0.0001). Wearing a white lab coat over both surgical scrubs and business casual increased clients' perceived competency and comfort levels compared to not wearing a white lab coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bentley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - H Kellihan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C Longhurst
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - R Chun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Yavorkovsky LL. The Importance of Physician Attire-The Socks With the Bulls. JAMA Oncol 2020; 6:1169. [PMID: 32352501 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Yavorkovsky
- Oncology Division, Kaiser Permanente San Jose Medical Center, San Jose, California
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Bernstein MH, Locher C, Kube T, Buergler S, Stewart-Ferrer S, Blease C. Putting the 'Art' Into the 'Art of Medicine': The Under-Explored Role of Artifacts in Placebo Studies. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1354. [PMID: 32774310 PMCID: PMC7387723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in social psychology demonstrates that physical environmental factors – or “artifacts” such as provider clothing and office décor – can influence health outcomes. However, the role of artifacts in augmenting or diminishing health outcomes is under-explored in the burgeoning discipline of placebo studies. In this paper, we argue that a careful consideration of artifacts may carry significant potential in informing how placebo effects can be maximized, and nocebo effects minimized in clinical settings. We discuss the potential mechanisms, including classical conditioning, response expectancy, and mindsets, by which artifacts might enhance or diminish these effects. Next, we propose testable hypotheses to investigate how placebo and nocebo effects might be elicited by artifacts in care settings, and conclude by providing innovative research designs to advance this novel research agendum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Bernstein
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Cosima Locher
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kube
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Sarah Buergler
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sif Stewart-Ferrer
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Blease
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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How to dress up in Neuro-urology department? Prog Urol 2020; 30:374-380. [PMID: 32334974 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine patient preferences and perceptions regarding physician dress code in a neuro-urology department. MATERIAL A questionnaire presenting with different physician dress codes was submitted to patients in a neuro-urology department: casual outfit with white coat, scrubs and scrubs with white coat. Respondents selected their ideal dress code and mentioned if any dress code shock them. Respondents' general opinions regarding physician attire, its importance and relation with patient satisfaction were collected. RESULTS 163 questionnaires were completed. The three physician attires were chosen equally by the respondents. 71.4% of the respondents felt comfortable with the three attires. When an attire appeared to be offending, the casual attire with white coat was mentioned in 68.2%. 52.5% of the patients reported that the way their doctor dressed was important to them. 36.3% of respondents reported that physician attire influenced how confident they felt about the care they received. Male respondents preferred scrubs with white coat (44.0%) while female respondents preferred casual attire with white coat (42.0%), P=0.02. Neither the age, nor the reason of the consult, the knowledge of the department, the presence of neurological disease, the occupational category and the education level of the patient had an influence on the preference for one specific physician attire. CONCLUSION Physician attire in neuro-urology may influence the way that patients perceive care. Physicians must not be restricted to one particular attire in neuro-urology department. However since almost 20% of the patients feel uncomfortable with the casual attire and white coat, it should be avoided. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Kamata K, Kuriyama A, Chopra V, Saint S, Houchens N, Petrilli CM, Kuhn L, Snyder A, Ishimaru N, Takahashi H, Tokuda Y. Patient Preferences for Physician Attire: A Multicenter Study in Japan. J Hosp Med 2020; 15:204-210. [PMID: 32118558 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that patients have specific expectations regarding physician dress. Japan has a cultural background that is in many ways distinct from western countries. Thus, physician attire may have a different impact in Japan. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study to examine patients' preferences for and perceptions of physician attire in Japan. The questionnaire was developed using photographs of either a male or female physician dressed in seven different forms of attire, and it was randomly distributed to inpatients and outpatients. Respondents were asked to rate the provider pictured; they were also asked to provide preferences for different forms of attire in varied clinical settings. Preference was evaluated for five domains (knowledgeable, trustworthy, caring, approachable, and comfortable). We also assessed variation in preferences for attire by respondent characteristics. RESULTS A total of 1,233 (61%) patients indicated that physician dress was important, and 950 (47%) patients agreed that it influenced their satisfaction with care. Compared with all forms, casual attire with a white coat was the most preferred dress. Older patients more often preferred formal attire with a white coat in primary care and hospital settings. In addition, physician attire had a greater impact on older respondents' satisfaction and experience. CONCLUSION The majority of Japanese patients indicated that physician attire is important and influenced their satisfaction with care. Geography, settings of care, and patient age appear to play a role in patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kamata
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani," Rome, Italy
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Vineet Chopra
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanjay Saint
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan Houchens
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher M Petrilli
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Latoya Kuhn
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashley Snyder
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Naoto Ishimaru
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Akashi Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiromizu Takahashi
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tokuda
- Department of Medicine, Muribushi Project for Okinawa Residency Programs, Okinawa, Japan
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