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An J, Jin N, Xie J, Ma Y, Liu H, Balajiang G, Liu S, Zhang X. Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B and associated factors among health care workers in Gansu province. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2383509. [PMID: 39132758 PMCID: PMC11321420 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2383509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation was conducted to describe the status of coverage of HBV vaccination among the health care workers in Gansu province and to explore the associated factors of HBV vaccination in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1544 health care workers from 64 hospitals in Gansu province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to interview the health care workers about HBV vaccination coverage. A multivariate logistic regression model explored the associated factors with HBV vaccination. The vaccination coverage was 89.17% for health care workers, nurses (90.40%) had the highest rate, followed by administration staff (89.38%) and medical technicians (89.30%). The full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was 64.25% for health care workers, and administration staff (65.04%) had the highest rate, followed by nurses (65.00%). This study found that the associated factors with HBV vaccination and full-dose vaccination were the history of training and the detection of serological indicators. The coverage of HBV vaccination among health care workers in Gansu province was high, but full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was low. It is necessary to strengthen the HBV knowledge and training in HBV prevention and treatment among health care workers in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jin
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingru Xie
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Shuyu Liu
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Munuo GD, Masika GM. Using Health Belief Model to Predict Hepatitis B Vaccination Uptake Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. East Afr Health Res J 2024; 8:271-279. [PMID: 39296762 PMCID: PMC11407118 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice have a higher risk of hepatitis B infection. The prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination (HBV vaccine) uptake among nursing students remained unknown. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with HBV vaccination among clinical nursing students. Methodology A sample of 229 undergraduate nursing students was enrolled in an analytical cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data, status of vaccination, and beliefs about HBV infection and vaccination using domains of the health belief model (HBM) were collected in a face-to-face interview using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the participants' characteristics and prevalence of HBV vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between sociodemographic factors and domains of the HBM model and HBV vaccination uptake. Results The prevalence of vaccination uptake was 25.8%. Sociodemographic factors associated with uptake of the HBV vaccine included being female (P =.031), being a final-year student (P =.013), and having knowledge of HBV (P =.049). As for HBM, two domains, perceived benefit [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.86; P=.022] and self-efficacy (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.11; P=.016), were significantly associated with HBV vaccine uptake. Conclusion HBV vaccination uptake among undergraduate clinical nursing students was low. Clinical experience, knowledge, perceived benefit, and self-efficacy were positively associated with HBV vaccine uptake. Interventions to improve these domains among BSc Nursing students should be promoted to improve vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D Munuo
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
| | - Golden Mwakibo Masika
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma
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Tamanna SS, Paul KD, Al Banna MH, Zannat Z, Paul AK, Sultana S, Alshahrani NZ, Talukder S, Hassan MN. Assessment of preventive practices towards hepatitis B infection among nursing students in Bangladesh: role of knowledge, attitudes and sociodemographic factors. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:190. [PMID: 38515143 PMCID: PMC10956232 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, hepatitis B infection (HBI) poses a substantial public health concern and healthcare workers, including nursing students, are at a higher risk of contracting this disease. Thus, the study aimed to assess how knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic factors are associated with HBI prevention among a sample of Bangladeshi nursing students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed among 737 nursing students from the nursing institutes of Khulna and Barishal divisions in Bangladesh from January to April 2023. The data were collected by providing questionnaires (structured questionnaire) in the classroom, following a stratified random sampling process. A model of multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors linked to HBI prevention practices. RESULT The mean (SD) scores were 11.42 (± 2.88) for knowledge, 4.33 (± 1.91) for attitude and 4.27 (± 2.056) for practice respectively. Participants' low knowledge (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.562, 95% CI: 1.29-5.07) and poor attitude (aOR = 5.730, 95% CI: 3.19-10.28) regarding HBI were significantly associated with higher likelihood of poor practice towards HBI prevention. Moreover, being 2nd year of nursing students (aOR = 2.147, 95% CI: 1.19-3.86), being aged 19-20 years (aOR = 3.038, 95% CI: 1.30-7.09), being married (aOR = 0.320, 95%CI: 0.13-0.82) and having a family history of HBI (aOR = 0.134, 95%CI: 0.05-0.36) were significantly associated with poor practices of HBI prevention among study participants. CONCLUSION The knowledge, attitude and practice scores of the nursing students on HBI prevention were suboptimal. We advocate for implementing regular HBI prevention education and policies, free or subsidized services, skill development, proper HBI prevention enforcement and strict professional ethics within nursing colleges. Such efforts should predominantly focus on second-year, aged 19-20 and unmarried nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Sultana Tamanna
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Kallol Deb Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
- Nutrition Initiative, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
| | - Zamia Zannat
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Anup Kumar Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Mathematics, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Najim Z Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohan Talukder
- Department of Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hassan
- Department of Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
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Nikolopoulou GB, Tzoutzas I, Tsakris A, Maltezou HC. Hepatitis B in Healthcare Personnel: An Update on the Global Landscape. Viruses 2023; 15:2454. [PMID: 38140695 PMCID: PMC10748141 DOI: 10.3390/v15122454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding progress that has been made in the prevention, detection, and management of hepatitis B during the past decades, hepatitis B remains a problem among healthcare personnel (HCP) in many countries. We reviewed studies on all aspects of hepatitis B in HCP published from 2017 through April 2023. They revealed wide variations on the prevalence of infection among HCP, ranging from 0.6% in Europe to >8.7% in Africa, almost always in association with very low vaccination rates. Many studies found a significant association between HCP's knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccines, their vaccination status, and practices. This research also discloses global inequities regarding vaccination policies against hepatitis B, free-of-charge vaccinations, and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Strategies to prevent and manage accidental exposures are needed in order to reduce the burden of hepatitis B on HCP, while written policies for all aspects of infection prevention, protective equipment, and PEP should be available. Lastly, HCP should be accordingly educated. These are all imperative given the decline of routine vaccinations in the COVID-19 era, particularly in countries with fragile vaccination programs, and the disruptions of interventions for hepatitis B that are expected to provide a pool of virus transmission to future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia B. Nikolopoulou
- Department of Hepatitis, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Tzoutzas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 15123 Athens, Greece
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George M, Sharma T, Ahwal S, Rastogi A, Bansal A. A national level survey on knowledge, attitude and practices among Indian nurses on viral hepatitis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:247. [PMID: 37727428 PMCID: PMC10506760 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1646_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being preventable and treatable, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in India. In the line of their duties, nursing professionals are constantly at risk of infection. To combat viral hepatitis, it is essential to ascertain the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices among nursing professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-section study was conducted at a tertiary public hospital, as a nation-wide online survey after ethical clearance and participants' consent. A convenience sampling, from November 2021 to September 2022, yielded a total of 4532 nurses, nursing students and educators. A self-administered 62-item questionnaire on viral hepatitis with four sections: demographic details, knowledge (33-items), attitude (5-items), and practice (24-itmes) was prepared by expert panel and had a content validity and reliability >0.8. The scale was compiled onto the SurveyMonkey app, field tested before administration and widely circulated on email. RESULT The response rate of the survey was 77%. Frequency, percentage, and the odds ratio (at 95% confidence interval) were analyzed on SPSS v22.0. Majority were females (87.1%) aged <30 years (60%) with <5 years' experience (57.8%). Almost equal number worked in public or private sector and was holders of diploma (44.5%) or degree (43.8%). Overall poor knowledge (85.3%), unfavorable attitude (86.2%), and unsafe practices (55.6%) were exhibited by nurses; 42.2% encountered needle stick injury last year and 49.8% had never checked Anti-HBs titer. In the event of needle stick injury, 74.78% cleansed with soap and water; used antiseptics or washes (33.5%), placed finger in mouth (5.10%), forced wound bleed (17.3%), scrub wound (17.54%), or apply bandage (12.58%). Multivariate analysis of factors influencing knowledge of viral hepatitis was educational qualification, designation, and type of health facility. CONCLUSION As nursing professionals are constantly at risk, there is an urgent need to raise awareness about hepatitis, the post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination status. Every healthcare facility should include training and capacity building for nurses about risk, prevention, transmission, and management of viral hepatitis, as an integral part of orientation and continuing education on-the-job; follow stringent policies; and set-up mechanisms for monitoring and follow up. Further, policymakers and statutory bodies need to ensure the standards of nursing practice and improve the health of nurses and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini George
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarika Sharma
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Ahwal
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aayushi Rastogi
- Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Bansal
- Project PRAKASH and ECHO, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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YENDEWA GA, SELLU EJ, KPAKA RA, JAMES PB, YENDEWA SA, CUMMINGS PE, BABAWO LM, MASSAQUOI SP, GHAZAWI M, OCAMA P, LAKOH S, BABAWO LS, SALATA RA. Measuring stigma associated with hepatitis B virus infection in Sierra Leone: Validation of an abridged Berger HIV stigma scale. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:621-629. [PMID: 37084170 PMCID: PMC10330123 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Stigma associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in endemic countries; however; instruments are lacking to accurately measure HBV-related stigma. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a concise instrument for measuring perceived HBV-related stigma in Sierra Leone. We enrolled 220 people living with HBV (PWHB) aged ≥18 years from August to November 2022. The initial Likert-scale instrument entailed 12 items adapted from Berger's HIV Stigma Scale. We included four additional items adapted from the USAID indicators for enacted stigma. The proposed scale's psychometric properties were assessed. After item reduction, the final HBV Stigma Scale consisted of 10 items and had good internal consistency (overall Cronbach's α = 0.74), discriminant, and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis produced a three-dimensional structure accounting for 59.3% of variance: personalized stigma driven by public attitudes (six items), negative self-image (two items), and disclosure concerns (two items). Overall, 72.8% of respondents reported perceived HBV-related stigma (mean score 29.11 ± 4.14) and a similar proportion (73.6%) reported at least one instance of enacted stigma. In assessing criterion-related validity, perceived HBV-related stigma correlated strongly with enacted stigma (r = 0.556) and inversely with having family/friends with HBV (r = -0.059). The 10-item HBV Stigma Scale demonstrated good internal consistency and validity and is suitable for screening for HBV-related stigma in Sierra Leone. The psychometric properties of the scale can be optimized with item additions/modifications and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale may help in combating stigma as a barrier to achieving HBV global elimination goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. YENDEWA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edmond J. SELLU
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Sierra Leone
| | - Rashid A. KPAKA
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Disaster Management, Eastern Technical University, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Peter B. JAMES
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | | | | | - Lawrence M. BABAWO
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Ponsiano OCAMA
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sulaiman LAKOH
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Lawrence S. BABAWO
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Sierra Leone
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Disaster Management, Eastern Technical University, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert A. SALATA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Garg M, Sridhar B, Katyal V, Goyal S. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Toward Hepatitis B Infection, Its Prevention, and Vaccination Among Health Care Workers. Cureus 2023; 15:e39747. [PMID: 37398757 PMCID: PMC10310891 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health Care workers (HCWs) have an approximate four-fold increased risk of contracting hepatitis B infection than the normal population. A lack of knowledge and practices regarding precautions has been frequently observed. We aimed to do a knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) study regarding hepatitis B prevention measures among HCWs. METHODS The study enrolled 250 HCWs. A questionnaire-based proforma regarding KAP towards hepatitis B, its causation, and prevention was filled out by each participant. RESULTS Mean age (SD) of participants was 31.8 ± 9.1 years with 83 males and 167 females. Subjects were divided into two groups: Group I (House Surgeons and Residents) and Group II (Nursing staff, Laboratory Technicians, Operation Theatre Assistants). All Group I and 148 (96.7%) of Group II subjects had adequate knowledge regarding the professional risk of hepatitis B virus transmission. Knowledge regarding different modes of transmission was less in Group II subjects (Blood (96.1%), Sex (84.3%), percutaneous route (85.6%), and During Birth (83%)) as compared to Group I (100% in all). All subjects in Group I and 134 (90.9%) Group II subjects knew about vaccination as a preventive measure. There was a slight discordance between attitude and practices towards universal precautionary measures in Group II subjects (Use of gloves 96.1% vs 94.8%; Safe needle disposal 96.7% vs 96.1%; Vaccination 94.8% vs 67.9%). Of the subjects in Group I, 94.8% were vaccinated and 67.9% were vaccinated in Group II, with complete vaccination rates being 76.3% and 43.1%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Better knowledge and attitude led to more adoption of preventive practices. But, still, there is a gap in the KAP towards hepatitis B preventive practices and knowledge is not getting transformed into practices. We recommend that all HCWs should be questioned about their vaccination status. In addition, vaccination coverage, various preventive campaigns, and the hospital infection control committee (HICC) need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjri Garg
- Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Banoth Sridhar
- Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Virender Katyal
- Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
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Hsu YC, Huang DQ, Nguyen MH. Global burden of hepatitis B virus: current status, missed opportunities and a call for action. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00760-9. [PMID: 37024566 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects about 296 million people worldwide and is the leading aetiology of cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. Major medical complications also include acute flares and extrahepatic manifestations. In addition, people living with HBV infection also experience stigma. HBV-related cirrhosis resulted in an estimated 331,000 deaths in 2019, and it is estimated that the number of deaths from HBV-related liver cancer in 2019 was 192,000, an increase from 156,000 in 2010. Meanwhile, HBV remains severely underdiagnosed and effective measures that can prevent infection and disease progression are underutilized. Birth dose coverage for HBV vaccines remains low, particularly in low-income countries or regions where HBV burden is high. Patients with HBV infection are inadequately evaluated and linked to care and are undertreated worldwide, even in high-income countries or regions. Despite the goal of the World Health Organization to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030, the annual global deaths from HBV are projected to increase by 39% from 2015 to 2030 if the status quo remains. In this Review, we discuss the current status and future projections of the global burden of HBV infection. We also discuss gaps in the current care cascade and propose future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Hsu
- Center for Liver Diseases, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Alaridah N, Joudeh RM, Al-Abdallat H, Jarrar RF, Ismail L, Jum’ah M, Alnajjar Z, Alzyoud E, Battah Z, Battah A, Alshami M, Abu-Humaidan AHA. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Hepatitis B Infection among Healthcare Students-A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4348. [PMID: 36901359 PMCID: PMC10002228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has estimated that around 66 thousand HBV infection cases are caused by needlestick injuries annually. Healthcare students should be aware of HBV transmission routes and preventive measures. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward HBV among Jordanian healthcare students and its associated factors. A cross-national study was conducted from March to August 2022. The questionnaire was composed of four sections: participants' sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices about HBV, and 2322 participants were enrolled. The collected responses were analyzed with SPSS software (version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)) using descriptive statistics, unpaired t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression analyses. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that 67.9% were females, 26.4% were medical students, and 35.9% were in their 3rd year. Overall, 40% of the participants held high levels of knowledge and attitudes. Further, 63.9% of participants had good practices toward HBV. Gender, year of study, encountering HBV patients, college, and having extra HBV courses were associated with high levels of KAP. This study demonstrated insufficient knowledge and attitudes toward HBV; however, the practice level toward HBV among healthcare students was promising. Therefore, public health efforts should modify the knowledge and attitude gaps to reinforce awareness and minimize the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Alaridah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rayan M. Joudeh
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, Al-Bukayriah 52726, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raba’a F. Jarrar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of the Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Layan Ismail
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Jum’ah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Zaina Alnajjar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13116, Jordan
| | | | - Zaina Battah
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Aya Battah
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Manar Alshami
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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10
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YENDEWA GA, SELLU EJ, KPAKA RA, JAMES PB, YENDEWA SA, CUMMINGS PE, BABAWO LM, MASSAQUOI SP, GHAZAWI M, OCAMA P, LAKOH S, BABAWO LS, SALATA RA. Measuring Stigma Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Sierra Leone: Validation of an Abridged Berger HIV Stigma Scale. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.17.23286086. [PMID: 36824916 PMCID: PMC9949200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.23286086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Stigma associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in endemic countries; however; instruments are lacking to accurately measure HBV-related stigma. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a concise instrument for measuring perceived HBV-related stigma in Sierra Leone. We enrolled 220 people living with HBV (PWHB) aged ≥ 18 years from August to November 2022. The initial Likert-scale instrument entailed 12 items adapted from Berger's HIV Stigma Scale. We included 4 additional items adapted from the USAID indicators for enacted stigma. The proposed scale's psychometric properties were assessed. After item reduction, the final HBV Stigma Scale consisted of 10 items and had good internal consistency (overall Cronbach's α = 0.74), discriminant and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis produced a 3-dimensional structure accounting for 59.3% of variance: personalized stigma driven by public attitudes (6 items), negative self-image (2 items), and disclosure concerns (2 items). Overall, 72.8% of respondents reported perceived HBV stigma (mean score 29.11 ± 4.14) and a similar a proportion (73.6%) reported at least one instance of enacted stigma. In assessing criterion-related validity, perceived HBV-related stigma correlated strongly with enacted stigma (r = 0.556) and inversely with having family/friends with HBV (r = -0.059). The 10-item HBV Stigma Scale demonstrated good internal consistency and validity and is suitable for screening for HBV-related stigma in Sierra Leone. The psychometric properties of the scale can be optimized with item additions/modifications and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale may help in combating stigma as a barrier to achieving HBV global elimination goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. YENDEWA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edmond J. SELLU
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Sierra Leone
| | - Rashid A. KPAKA
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Disaster Management, Eastern Technical University, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Peter B. JAMES
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | | | | | - Lawrence M. BABAWO
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Ponsiano OCAMA
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sulaiman LAKOH
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Lawrence S. BABAWO
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Sierra Leone
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Disaster Management, Eastern Technical University, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert A. SALATA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ghazzawi M, Yendewa SA, James PB, Massaquoi SP, Babawo LS, Sahr F, Deen GF, Kabba M, Ocama P, Lakoh S, Salata RA, Yendewa GA. Assessment of Knowledge, Stigmatizing Attitudes and Health-Seeking Behaviors Regarding Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Pharmacy and Community Setting in Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020177. [PMID: 36673546 PMCID: PMC9859485 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health challenge. Emerging evidence suggests that poor knowledge and stigma are impacting HBV control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but their role is not well understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥18 years in a community and pharmacy setting in Freetown, Sierra Leone. A structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and health-seeking behaviors regarding HBV. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of HBV knowledge and related stigma. A total of 306 adult participants were enrolled (50.7% male, 7.5% HBV positive and 11.7% vaccinated). Overall, 52.2% had good HBV knowledge and 49.3% expressed a stigmatizing attitude towards people with HBV. Notwithstanding, 72.2% stated they would receive the HBV vaccine if offered, 80.4% would take anti-HBV medication and 78.8% would be willing to attend clinic regularly. Good HBV knowledge was associated with HBV positive status (aOR 4.41; p = 0.029) and being vaccinated against HBV (aOR 3.30; p = 0.034). HBV-related stigma was associated with secondary or higher level of education (aOR 2.36; p < 0.001), good HBV knowledge (aOR 2.05; p = 0.006) and pharmacy setting (aOR 1.74, p = 0.037). These findings suggest that education and stigma reduction may benefit HBV elimination efforts in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter B. James
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | | | - Lawrence S. Babawo
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Foday Sahr
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Gibrilla F. Deen
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mustapha Kabba
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert A. Salata
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George A. Yendewa
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-2168441988
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Mabunda N, Vieira L, Chelene I, Maueia C, Zicai AF, Duajá A, Chale F, Chambal L, Vubil A, Augusto O. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276283. [PMID: 36240262 PMCID: PMC9565706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be prevented by vaccination. Exposure to blood or body fluids poses a high risk of transmission of HBV in health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of markers of exposure, susceptibility, and protection to HBV infection in HCWs in Beira, Mozambique. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020 in Beira City, Mozambique, in HCWs based on self-administered questionnaires and blood samples. Plasma samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and HBV viral load (HBV DNA). RESULTS Most of the 315 HCWs in the study were nurses (125; 39.7%). Of the HCWs, 5.1% (16; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.9 to 8.1%) were infected by HBV (HBsAg and/or HBV DNA positive). Occult HBV infection (OBI) (HBV DNA positive and HBsAg negative) was found in 0.3% (1; 95% CI: 0.0 to 1.8%) of participants; 27.9% (88; 95% CI: 23.1 to 33.2%) were susceptible (negative for all markers), 6.3% (20; 95% CI: 3.9 to 9.6) were immune due to natural infection (anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive only), while 60% (189; 95% CI: 54.4 to 65.5) were immune due to vaccination (anti-HBs positive only). CONCLUSION This study showed a high intermediate prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among healthcare workers in Beira City, Central Mozambique, and one-third of healthcare workers were susceptible to HBV infection. There is a need to implement a national hepatitis B screening and vaccination strategy among healthcare workers in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lúcia Vieira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Delegação Provincial de Sofala, Beira, Mozambique
- Universidade Católica de Moçambique, Beira, Mozambique
| | | | - Cremildo Maueia
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
- Division of Medical Virology, Departament of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Ana Duajá
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Delegação Provincial de Sofala, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Falume Chale
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Delegação Provincial de Sofala, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Lúcia Chambal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Adolfo Vubil
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Duodu PA, Darkwah E, Agbadi P, Duah HO, Nutor JJ. Prevalence and geo-clinicodemographic factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in five developing countries. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 35799107 PMCID: PMC9264656 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a four-fold risk for hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers compared to the general population. Due to limited access to diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B in many resource-constrained settings, there is a real risk that only few healthcare workers with viral hepatitis may get screened or diagnosed and treated. Studies on hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in developing countries are sparse and this bodes ill for intervention and support. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and explored the associated factors that predicted the uptake of the required, full dosage of hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) in five developing countries using nationally representative data. Methods We used recent datasets from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program’s Service Provision Assessment Survey. Descriptive summary statistics and logistic regressions were used to produce the results. Statistical significance was pegged at p < 0.05. Results The proportion of HCWs who received the required doses of hepatitis B vaccine in Afghanistan, Haiti, Malawi, Nepal, and Senegal were 69.1%, 11.3%, 15.4%, 46.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. Gender, occupational qualification, and years of education were significant correlates of receiving the required doses of hepatitis B among HCWs. Conclusions Given the increased risk of hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers, policymakers in developing countries should intensify education campaigns among HCWs and, perhaps, must take it a step further by making hepatitis B vaccination compulsory and a key requirement for employment, especially among those workers who regularly encounter bodily fluids of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | - Ernest Darkwah
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Legon, Ghana
| | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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TÜRKOĞLU E, KONUK ŞG. Assessment of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening Results Performed Before Elective Eye Surgery. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.1022708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although preoperative screening for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in patients is a controversial issue in terms of cost-effectiveness and patient privacy, this practice is commonly carried on by surgical branches. The goals of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV and anti-HIV antibodies, as well as whether seropositive patients were referred to the infectious diseases outpatient clinic.
Methods: In this study, blood samples from 884 patients who underwent elective eye surgery at Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Medical Faculty Hospital between August 2019 and April 2021 were researched for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV positivity and seroprevalences were determined. It was also determined whether patients with seropositivity from the hospital automation system had previously been diagnosed and if newly diagnosed patients applied to the infectious diseases outpatient clinic in the subsequent period.
Results: The study comprised a total of 884 patients. Males comprised 457 (51.7%) of all patients, with a mean age of 63.21± 16.05. In 29/839 (3.3%) of the patients, HBsAg was positive. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 21/872 (2.4%) people. Anti-HIV positivity was not detected in any of the patients.
Conclusion: It would be a more accurate and effective approach to increase compliance with standard hygiene and protection measures rather than requesting routine pre-operative testing for HBV, HCV and HIV. If these tests reveal seropositivity, the patient should be informed of the disease and referred to an infectious disease specialist.
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Maamor NH, Muhamad NA, Mohd Dali NS, Abdul Mutalip MH, Leman FN, Aris T, Lai NM, Abu Hassan MR. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Among Healthcare Workers in Asia and Africa and Its Association With Their Knowledge and Awareness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:859350. [PMID: 35570890 PMCID: PMC9096243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.859350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne virus that can be transmitted by percutaneous and mucocutaneous contact with infected bodily fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are more exposed to HBV infection. They must have a thorough understanding of HBV infection since they can contract and spread the virus. In this study, we systematically reviewed all published evidence on the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among HCWs. and synthesize evidence on the association between knowledge and awareness with HBV infection. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus for studies reporting on HBV seroprevalence from January 1997 to September 2021 among healthcare workers. We used random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the pool prevalence of HBV infection. Results We identified 25 studies that met our inclusion criteria, with data on 10,043 adults from 11 countries and two regions: Africa and Asia. The overall seroprevalence of HBV was 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6%), with Africa reporting higher estimates (5.0%, 95% CI 3.7%) than Asia population (4.0%, 95% CI 1.9%). The highest pooled prevalence estimate in African countries came from studies published in the Cameroon region (8.0%, 95% CI 5–10%) while the lowest came from Ethiopia (4.0%, 95% CI 2.6%). The overall seroprevalence estimates in the African population were significantly higher than those in the Asian group. Studies in Africa found that the average knowledge and seroprevalence were 1.4% and 11.0%, respectively where, eight studies (53.3%) reported good knowledge and seven studies (46.7%) reported average knowledge. In Asia, two studies (40.0%) reported good knowledge, one study (20.0%) reporting average knowledge, and two studies (40.0%) reporting poor knowledge. African studies demonstrated good knowledge despite the fact that their HBV infection rate was higher than 6.7%. Conclusion Africa and Asia have the highest seroprevalence of HBV infection. Improving the comparability of epidemiological and clinical studies constitutes an important step forward. More high-quality data is needed to improve the precision of burden estimates. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO CRD42021279905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hasnah Maamor
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Soleha Mohd Dali
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Norhasny Leman
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Alor Setar, Malaysia.,Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Alor Setar, Malaysia
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Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Associated Factor towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Health Care Professionals at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross Sectional Study. Int J Hepatol 2022; 2022:3726423. [PMID: 35572163 PMCID: PMC9098342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3726423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major infectious hazard for health care personnel. The global prevalence of HBV infection is highly heterogeneous, and the highest prevalence (6.2 and 6.1%) is among the World Health Organization Western Pacific and World Health Organization African regions, respectively. The pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia among health workers was accounted for 5%. The prevalence rate of HBV in health care workers is about 2-10 times higher than the general population in the world. There for, the main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice, and associated factors towards hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among health care professionals at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. METHOD An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, in 2021, and a systematic random sampling technique was used from different professionals, and the separate sample was taken independently from each. A pretested structured questionnaire was constructed and collects data then analyzed by using SPSS version 23. RESULT A total of 422 health care workers having different professions have participated in this study. 243 (57.6%) of the study subjects were males. The average correctly answered knowledge, attitude, and practice questions were 65.6%, 40.3%, and 34.8, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being nurse professionals (AOR = 0.17 (0.07, 0.38), P < 0.001), midwives (AOR = 0.19 (0.07, 0.5), P = 0.001), and work experience (AOR = 2.37 (1.38, 4.02), P = 0.002) were associated with knowledge levels. Being degree holders (AOR = 2.49 (1.23, 5.02), P = 0.01) and specialists (AOR = 9.78 (2.69, 35.5), P = 0.001) were associated with attitude levels. Being medical laboratories (AOR = 17.42 (5.02, 60.5), P ≤ 0.001) and pharmacy professionals (AOR = 11.2 (4.02, 31.42), P ≤ 0.001) were associated with practice levels. Conclusion and Recommendation. Based on the current study, most of the health care professionals in this study area have poor knowledge, negative attitude, and malpractice towards HBV infection. Therefore, continual professional training programs on HBV infection include increased vaccination coverage rate and postexposure prophylaxis of heath care workers especially for highly exposed professionals.
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Coste M, Badji MA, Diallo A, Mora M, Boyer S, Prah JJ. Applying the health capability profile to empirically study chronic hepatitis B in rural Senegal: a social justice mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055957. [PMID: 35410929 PMCID: PMC9003616 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the early implementation of hepatitis B vaccination and the ongoing decentralisation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) care, over 10% of the Senegalese adult population lives with CHB and liver cancer remains a main cause of death. Investigating factors associated with CHB infection, prevention of CHB-related morbidity, and prevention and treatment of mortality secondary to CHB calls for a holistic and multidimensional approach. This paper presents the adaptation of the health capability profile (HCP) to a specific epidemiological issue and empirical setting: it seeks to identify and analyse inter-related abilities and conditions (health capabilities) in relation to the CHB epidemic in the rural area of Niakhar, Senegal. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This ongoing study relies on a sequential social justice mixed-methods design. The HCP is comprehensively adapted to CHB in rural Senegal and guides the design and conduct of the study. Objective and subjective data are collected at the individual level following a mixed-methods explanatory core design. The quantitative module, embedded in the ANRS12356 AmBASS cross-sectional survey (exhaustive sampling), is used to select a purposeful sampling of participants invited for one-on-one qualitative interviews. Additional data are collected at the institutional and community level through health facility surveys and an ethnography (in-depth interviews) of local and national CHB stakeholders. Data analysis adopts a synergistic approach to produce a multilayered analysis of individual HCPs and crosscutting analysis of the 15 health capabilities. The data integration strategy relies on a mixed-methods convergent core design, and will use 0-100 health capability scores as well as flow diagrams to measure and characterise levels of development and interactions among health capabilities, respectively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Senegalese and French authorities. Results dissemination through local workshops and scientific publications aim at fuelling effective policy change towards CHB-related health capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Coste
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France
| | | | - Aldiouma Diallo
- Campus International IRD-UCAD de l'IRD, UMR VITROME, IRD-Université Aix Marseille, AP-HM, SSA, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marion Mora
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Boyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer J Prah
- School of Social Policy and Practice & Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Oliveira VMCD, Gomes CNDS, Rocha DDM, Abreu WJCP, Galvão MTG, Magalhães RDLB. NURSES' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING HEPATITIS B: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2021-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze, in the literature, the nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Hepatitis B. Method: an integrative review, with search and selection conducted independently by peers, after electronic queries in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF and IBECS databases in January 2021. The sample consisted in 15 primary studies published with no time or language restrictions. Analysis and synthesis of the results were carried out in a descriptive manner. Results: limitations in knowledge, inconsistent attitudes and commonly neglected assistance-related practices were identified, related to prevention, immunization and biosafety measures, to risk management and to monitoring of symptoms and complications, which contributed to greater occupational exposure. Among the associated factors, low participation in permanent education activities, training level, working conditions, limitations in the availability of immunization tests (anti-HBs) and underreporting of health problems stood out. Conclusion: the knowledge, attitudes and practices developed by nurses in relation to Hepatitis B proved to be limited and inconsistent, which may result in greater occupational exposure, as well as exert a direct impact on vaccination coverage and occurrence of incidents.
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Balegha AN, Yidana A, Abiiro GA. Knowledge, attitude and practice of hepatitis B infection prevention among nursing students in the Upper West Region of Ghana: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258757. [PMID: 34648609 PMCID: PMC8516292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis B infection remains a public health threat associated with undesirable statistics of morbidity and mortality. Good knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hepatitis B infection (HBI) prevention are essential for HBI control. However, there is limited evidence concerning the KAP of HBI prevention among nursing students, who are significantly exposed to HBI. We assessed the KAP of HBI prevention and the factors associated with the practice of HBI prevention among nursing students in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Methods We administered an online cross-sectional survey in November 2020 to a stratified random sample of 402 nursing students in two nursing training colleges in the Upper West Region. Using STATA version 13, we computed composite scores of KAP of HBI prevention with maximum scores of 18 for knowledge and 8 each for attitude and practice. A generalised ordered logistic regression model was run to assess the factors associated with the practice of HBI prevention. Results The students had moderate median scores for knowledge (12.00; IQR = 10–13) and attitude (6.00; IQR = 5.00–7.00) but a poor median score (5.00; IQR = 4.00–6.00) for the practice of HBI prevention. High knowledge (aOR = 2.05; p = 0.06), good attitude, being a male, second year student and having parents with tertiary education were significantly associated with higher likelihoods (aOR >1; p < 0.05) of demonstrating good practice of HBI prevention. Students who had never married were significantly (aOR = 0.34; p = 0.010) less likely to exhibit good practice of HBI prevention. Conclusion The KAP scores of HBI prevention among the students were sub-optimal. We recommend institution-based policies and regular education on HBI prevention, free/subsidised HBI prevention services, and the enforcement of proper professional ethics on HBI prevention in nursing training colleges. Such interventions should predominantly target female, non-married and first year nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adadow Yidana
- Department of Behavioural and Social Change, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices toward Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Students of Medicine in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137081. [PMID: 34281017 PMCID: PMC8296898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Building capacity in hepatitis B virus prevention and management for medical students and health professionals is one of the pillars of the national viral hepatitis control strategy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at eight medical universities from the northern, central and southern regions of the country between May and November 2020 using a systematic random sampling technique. Results: Among 2000 participants, 84.2% reported they had been tested for hepatitis B and 83.9% had received the hepatitis B vaccine. The mean knowledge, attitude, practice score was 40.2 out of 54 (74.4%) with only 19.9% of the study participants obtaining a good score. In multivariate analysis, fifth year students, students from central universities, students who had tested positive for hepatitis B and students who had received hepatitis B vaccine or had encountered patients with chronic hepatitis B had significantly higher knowledge score (p < 0.05). The study showed lack of trust in the hepatitis B vaccine safety and lack of confidence in providing counselling, testing and management of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Conclusion: Findings from our research emphasized an immediate need to improve the medical schools’ training curriculum in Vietnam to enable students’ readiness in hepatitis B prevention and management.
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W Akazong E, Tume C, Ayong L, Njouom R, Kenmoe S, Njankouo R, Kuiate JR. Cross-sectional hospital-based study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among healthcare workers, NWR, Cameroon. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045716. [PMID: 34210724 PMCID: PMC8252875 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health issue worldwide, with about 257 million people reported to be chronic carriers by the WHO fact sheet updated in 2018. HBV can be contracted via direct contact with infected body fluid and infection is almost always asymptomatic. Although healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of HBV infection, little is known about the prevalence of the various HBV markers among HCWs in Cameroon. The present study was taken to evaluate the prevalence of different HBV serological markers among HCWs in the North-West Region of Cameroon. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out between April and September 2017 during which 395 HCWs were recruited. The serum of the HCWs were tested for the presence of HBV core antibody, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B e antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen using Monalisa ELISA kits produced by BIO-RAD laboratories. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.0. RESULTS Among the 395 participants, 270 (68.4%) of them were females, 187 (47.3%) had been exposed to HBV, 145 (36.7%) had resolved the infection, 42 (10.6%) were current HBV carriers, 10 (2.5%) were infective, 36 (9.1%) were vaccinated and 172 (43.5%) were still susceptible. Exposure to HBV, past infection and susceptibility were significantly associated with age while the rate of vaccination was significantly associated with the job of the HCW in the health facilities. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV exposure and infection among HCWs obtained in this study was high while the level of vaccination in this at-risk population was low. Adequate steps should be taken to sensitise this population on HBV and the vaccination procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheline W Akazong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christopher Tume
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Lawrence Ayong
- Malaria Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ripa Njankouo
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Rastogi A, Chauhan S, Ramalingam A, Verma M, Babu S, Ahwal S, Bansal A. Capacity building of healthcare workers: Key step towards elimination of viral hepatitis in developing countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253539. [PMID: 34166449 PMCID: PMC8224969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of awareness about viral hepatitis (VH) potentially predisposes the healthcare workers (HCWs) to a higher risk of infection and may in turn increase the risk of transmission of the infection to their families and in the community. Thus, combating VH, requires adequate and updated training to the HCWs. With this objective, Project PRAKASH designed a meticulously planned training program, aimed to assess the effect of a one-day training on VH among in-service nurses. METHODS AND MATERIAL The content and schedule of scientific sessions of the training program were decided by subject experts to improve knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) related to VH among in-service nurses. A 54-item questionnaire divided into four domains: Transmission and Risk Factors; Prevention; Treatment; Pathophysiology and Disease Progression were used to assess the KAP related to VH. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: demographic details, knowledge(30-items), attitude(12-items) and practice(12-itmes) with a total score of 30, 60 and 24 respectively in each section. The pre-post knowledge assessment was done and impact assessment survey was undertaken among the participants who completed six months post-training period. Paired-t-test was used to assess the effect of training on knowledge using SPSSv-22. RESULTS A total of 5253 HCWs were trained through 32 one-day trainings, however data for 4474 HCWs was included in final pre-post knowledge analysis after removing the missing/incomplete data. Mean age of participants was 33.7±8.4 with median experience of 8(IQR: 3-13). Mean improvement in knowledge score was found to be significant (p<0.001) with mean knowledge score of 19.3±4.4 in pre-test and 25.7±3.9 in the post-test out of 30. Impact assessment survey suggested change in attitude and practice of HCWs. CONCLUSION The one-day training programs helped the in-service nurses to enhance their knowledge related to viral hepatitis. The study provided a roadmap to combating viral hepatitis through health education among HCWs about viral hepatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Developing Countries
- Education, Medical, Continuing
- Female
- Health Personnel/education
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/physiopathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/therapy
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Surveys and Questionnaires
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Rastogi
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Chauhan
- Project ECHO & PRAKASH, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Ramalingam
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhavi Verma
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seena Babu
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Ahwal
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Bansal
- Project ECHO & PRAKASH, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Atlaw D, Sahiledengle B, Tariku Z. Hepatitis B and C virus infection among healthcare workers in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:61. [PMID: 34078258 PMCID: PMC8173813 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring hepatitis B and C virus infections through patients' blood and bodily fluids exposure. So far, there is no pooled data that shows the prevalence of HBV and HCV among health care workers in Africa. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among health care workers in Africa. METHODS Studies reporting the prevalence of HBV and HCV were identified from major databases and gray literature. PubMed, CINAHL, POPLINE, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B and C among health care workers in Africa. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using Cochran Q statistics and I2 tests. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's tests. RESULT In total, 1885 articles were retrieved, and 44 studies met the inclusion criteria and included in the final analysis. A total of 17,510 healthcare workers were included. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in Africa is estimated to be 6.81% (95% CI 5.67-7.95) with a significant level of heterogeneity (I2 = 91.6%; p < 0.001). While the pooled prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection using the random-effects model was 5.58% (95% CI 3.55-7.61) with a significant level of heterogeneity (I2 = 95.1%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, one in fifteen and more than one in twenty healthcare workers were infected by HBV and HCV, respectively. The high burden of HBV and HCV infections remains a significant problem among healthcare workers in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Atlaw
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia.
| | - Biniyam Sahiledengle
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Tariku
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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