1
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Silva Couto P, Stibbs DJ, Rotondi MC, Khalife R, Wolf D, Takeuchi Y, Rafiq QA. Biological differences between adult and perinatal human mesenchymal stromal cells and their impact on the manufacturing processes. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00728-X. [PMID: 38970611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The biological properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have been explored in over a thousand clinical trials in the last decade. Although hMSCs can be isolated from multiple sources, the degree of biological similarity between cell populations from these sources remains to be determined. A comparative study was performed investigating the growth kinetics and functionality of hMSCs isolated from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord tissue (UCT) expanded in monolayer over five passages. Adult hMSCs (AT, BM) had a slower proliferation ability than the UCT-hMSCs, with no apparent differences in their glucose consumption profile. BM-hMSCs produced higher concentrations of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to AT- and UCT-hMSCs. This study also revealed that UCT-hMSCs were more efficiently transduced by a lentiviral vector carrying a VEGF gene than their adult counterparts. Following cellular immunophenotypic characterization, no differences across the sources were found in the expression levels of the typical markers used to identify hMSCs. This work established a systematic approach for cell source selection depending on the hMSC's intended clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dale J Stibbs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco C Rotondi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Khalife
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies, Scientific Research and Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Qasim A Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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2
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Chen S, Saito Y, Waki Y, Ikemoto T, Teraoku H, Yamada S, Morine Y, Shimada M. Generation of Highly Functional Hepatocyte-like Organoids from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured with Endothelial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:547. [PMID: 38534391 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we successfully established a highly functional, three-dimensional hepatocyte-like cell (3D-HLC) model from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) via a three-step differentiation protocol. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether generating hepatocyte-like organoids (H-organoids) by adding endothelial cells further improved the liver-like functionality of 3D-HLCs and to assess H-organoids' immunogenicity properties. Genes representing liver maturation and function were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The expression of hepatic maturation proteins was measured using immunofluorescence staining. Cytochrome P (CYP)450 metabolism activity and ammonia metabolism tests were used to assess liver function. H-organoids were successfully established by adding human umbilical vein endothelial cells at the beginning of the definitive endoderm stage in our 3D differentiation protocol. The gene expression of alpha-1 antitrypsin, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, and apolipoprotein E, which represent liver maturation state and function, was higher in H-organoids than non-organoid 3D-HLCs. H-organoids possessed higher CYP3A4 metabolism activity and comparable ammonia metabolism capacity than 3D-HLCs. Moreover, although H-organoids expressed human leukocyte antigen class I, they expressed little human leukocyte antigen class II, cluster of differentiation (CD)40, CD80, CD86, and programmed cell death ligand 1, suggesting their immunogenicity properties were not significantly upregulated during differentiation from ADSCs. In conclusion, we successfully established an H-organoid model with higher liver-like functionality than previously established 3D-HLCs and comparable immunogenicity to ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Chen
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuhei Waki
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoku
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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3
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Wang Z, Bi M, Zhe X, Wang X, Dai B, Han X, Ren B, Liang H, Liu D. Molecular mechanism underlying miR-204-5p regulation of adipose-derived stem cells differentiation into cells from three germ layers. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:95. [PMID: 38388551 PMCID: PMC10884001 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) limits their application in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Here, we explore the molecular mechanism by which miR-204-5p regulates ADSCs differentiation into cells derived from the three germ layers (i.e., adipocytes, neurocytes, and hepatocytes). Although miR-204-5p overexpression inhibited ADSCs differentiation into adipocytes, neurocyte and hepatocyte differentiation were promoted. Mechanistically, miR-204-5p inhibited the expression of PPARG by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting ADSCs differentiation into adipocytes. Further, miR-204-5p regulated JAG1/NOTCH3 axis for the inhibition of differentiation into adipocytes and promotion of differentiation into neurocytes. miR-204-5p might also promote ADSCs differentiation into hepatocytes by upregulating E2F8. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying early embryonic development and will help to facilitate the application of ADSCs in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, P.R. China
| | - Meiyu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhe
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
| | - Bai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
| | - Bingxu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, P.R. China.
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Taguchi T, Lopez M, Takawira C. Viable tendon neotissue from adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1290693. [PMID: 38260742 PMCID: PMC10800559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1290693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Tendon healing is frequently prolonged, unpredictable, and results in poor tissue quality. Neotissue formed by adult multipotent stromal cells has the potential to guide healthy tendon tissue formation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize tendon neotissue generated by equine adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) on collagen type I (COLI) templates under 10% strain in a novel bioreactor. The tested hypothesis was that ASCs assume a tendon progenitor cell-like morphology, express tendon-related genes, and produce more organized extracellular matrix (ECM) in tenogenic versus stromal medium with perfusion and centrifugal fluid motion. Methods: Equine ASCs on COLI sponge cylinders were cultured in stromal or tenogenic medium within bioreactors during combined perfusion and centrifugal fluid motion for 7, 14, or 21 days under 10% strain. Viable cell distribution and number, tendon-related gene expression, and micro- and ultra-structure were evaluated with calcein-AM/EthD-1 staining, resazurin reduction, RT-PCR, and light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Fibromodulin was localized with immunohistochemistry. Cell number and gene expression were compared between culture media and among culture periods (p < 0.05). Results: Viable cells were distributed throughout constructs for up to 21 days of culture, and cell numbers were higher in tenogenic medium. Individual cells had a round or rhomboid shape with scant ECM in stromal medium in contrast to clusters of parallel, elongated cells surrounded by highly organized ECM in tenogenic medium after 21 days of culture. Transcription factor, extracellular matrix, and mature tendon gene expression profiles confirmed ASC differentiation to a tendon progenitor-like cell in tenogenic medium. Construct micro- and ultra-structure were consistent with tendon neotissue and fibromodulin was present in the ECM after culture in tenogenic medium. Conclusion: Long-term culture in custom bioreactors with combined perfusion and centrifugal tenogenic medium circulation supports differentiation of equine adult ASCs into tendon progenitor-like cells capable of neotissue formation.
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Li F, Wei H, Jin Y, Xue T, Xu Y, Wang H, Ju E, Tao Y, Li M. Microfluidic Fabrication of MicroRNA-Induced Hepatocyte-Like Cells/Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells-Laden Microgels for Acute Liver Failure Treatment. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25243-25256. [PMID: 38063365 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical life-threatening disease that occurs due to a rapid loss in hepatocyte functions. Hepatocyte transplantation holds great potential for ALF treatment, as it rapidly supports liver biofunctions and enhances liver regeneration. However, hepatocyte transplantation is still limited by renewable and ongoing cell sources. In addition, intravenously injected hepatocytes are primarily trapped in the lungs and have limited efficacy because of the rapid clearance in vivo. Here, we designed a Y-shaped DNA nanostructure to deliver microRNA-122 (Y-miR122), which could induce the hepatic differentiation and maturation of human mesenchymal stem cells. mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the Y-miR122 promoted important hepatic biofunctions of the induced hepatocyte-like cells including fat and lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, and liver development. To further improve hepatocyte transplantation efficiency and therapeutic effects in ALF treatment, we fabricated protective microgels for the delivery of Y-miR122-induced hepatocyte-like cells based on droplet microfluidic technology. When cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells in microgels, the hepatocyte-like cells exhibited an increase in hepatocyte-associated functions, including albumin secretion and cytochrome P450 activity. Notably, upon transplantation into the ALF mouse model, the multiple cell-laden microgels effectively induced the restoration of liver function and enhanced liver regeneration. Overall, this study presents an efficient approach from the generation of hepatocyte-like cells to hepatocyte transplantation in ALF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanteng Xu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Enguo Ju
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou 510630, China
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6
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Li J, Wu Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Su Y, Gong X, Liu F, Zhang L. The heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells: an important issue to be addressed in cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:381. [PMID: 38124129 PMCID: PMC10734083 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of human technology, the medical field has gradually moved from molecular therapy to cellular therapy. As a safe and effective therapeutic tool, cell therapy has successfully created a research boom in the modern medical field. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from early mesoderm and have high self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation ability, and have become one of the important cores of cell therapy research by virtue of their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities. In recent years, the application of MSCs in various diseases has received widespread attention, but there are still various problems in the treatment of MSCs, among which the heterogeneity of MSCs may be one of the causes of the problem. In this paper, we review the correlation of MSCs heterogeneity to provide a basis for further reduction of MSCs heterogeneity and standardization of MSCs and hope to provide a reference for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yazhen Su
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xueyan Gong
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Fancheng Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Jin Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Yi K, Li F, Zhou H, Wang H, Chan HF, Lao YH, Lv S, Tao Y, Li M. Stem cell-derived hepatocyte therapy using versatile biomimetic nanozyme incorporated nanofiber-reinforced decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels for the treatment of acute liver failure. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:112-131. [PMID: 37250866 PMCID: PMC10209199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated oxidative stress, inflammation storm, and massive hepatocyte necrosis are the typical manifestations of acute liver failure (ALF), therefore specific therapeutic interventions are essential for the devastating disease. Here, we developed a platform consisting of versatile biomimetic copper oxide nanozymes (Cu NZs)-loaded PLGA nanofibers (Cu NZs@PLGA nanofibers) and decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels for delivery of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hADMSCs-derived HLCs) (HLCs/Cu NZs@fiber/dECM). Cu NZs@PLGA nanofibers could conspicuously scavenge excessive ROS at the early stage of ALF, and reduce the massive accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, herein efficiently preventing the deterioration of hepatocytes necrosis. Moreover, Cu NZs@PLGA nanofibers also exhibited a cytoprotection effect on the transplanted HLCs. Meanwhile, HLCs with hepatic-specific biofunctions and anti-inflammatory activity acted as a promising alternative cell source for ALF therapy. The dECM hydrogels further provided the desirable 3D environment and favorably improved the hepatic functions of HLCs. In addition, the pro-angiogenesis activity of Cu NZs@PLGA nanofibers also facilitated the integration of the whole implant with the host liver. Hence, HLCs/Cu NZs@fiber/dECM performed excellent synergistic therapeutic efficacy on ALF mice. This strategy using Cu NZs@PLGA nanofiber-reinforced dECM hydrogels for HLCs in situ delivery is a promising approach for ALF therapy and shows great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanteng Xu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Fenfang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huicong Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Shixian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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8
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Chen L, Zhang N, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Fu J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Chen X, Xu Z, Li Y, Izawa H, Xiang C. Multiple Dimensions of using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Liver Diseases: From Bench to Beside. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2192-2224. [PMID: 37498509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases impose a huge burden worldwide. Although hepatocyte transplantation has long been considered as a potential strategy for treating liver diseases, its clinical implementation has created some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, is widely used in treating different liver diseases, including acute liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure, hepatitis B/C virus, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we summarize the status of MSC transplantation in treating liver diseases, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms, including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulating function with a variety of immune cells, paracrine effects via the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and facilitation of homing and engraftment. Some improved perspectives and current challenges are also addressed. In summary, MSCs have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases based on their multi-faceted characteristics, and more accurate mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies stemming from MSCs will facilitate clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiromi Izawa
- Jingugaien Woman Life Clinic, Jingu-Gaien 3-39-5 2F, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Khan S, Mahgoub S, Fallatah N, Lalor PF, Newsome PN. Liver Disease and Cell Therapy: Advances Made and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:739-761. [PMID: 37052348 PMCID: PMC10809282 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of organs for liver transplantation, the ultimate curative treatment for end stage liver disease, has resulted in a growing and unmet need for alternative therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory liver disease. Significant strides have been made in exploring their biological activity. Clinical application of MSC has shifted the paradigm from using their regenerative potential to one which harnesses their immunomodulatory properties. Reassuringly, MSCs have been extensively investigated for over 30 years with encouraging efficacy and safety data from translational and early phase clinical studies, but questions remain about their utility. Therefore, in this review, we examine the translational and clinical studies using MSCs in various liver diseases and their impact on dampening immune-mediated liver damage. Our key observations include progress made thus far with use of MSCs for clinical use, inconsistency in the literature to allow meaningful comparison between different studies and need for standardized protocols for MSC manufacture and administration. In addition, the emerging role of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to MSC has been reviewed. We have also highlighted some of the remaining clinical challenges that should be addressed before MSC can progress to be considered as therapy for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Khan
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sara Mahgoub
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nada Fallatah
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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10
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Lopez-Yus M, García-Sobreviela MP, Del Moral-Bergos R, Arbones-Mainar JM. Gene Therapy Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087468. [PMID: 37108631 PMCID: PMC10138576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent condition often associated with dysfunctional adipose tissue. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention in the context of regenerative medicine. Among all stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are the most easily obtained, have immunomodulatory properties, show great ex vivo expansion capacity and differentiation to other cell types, and release a wide variety of angiogenic factors and bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and adipokines. However, despite the positive results obtained in some pre-clinical studies, the actual clinical efficacy of ADMSCs still remains controversial. Transplanted ADMSCs present a meager rate of survival and proliferation, possibly because of the damaged microenvironment of the affected tissues. Therefore, there is a need for novel approaches to generate more functional ADMSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential. In this context, genetic manipulation has emerged as a promising strategy. In the current review, we aim to summarize several adipose-focused treatments of obesity, including cell therapy and gene therapy. Particular emphasis will be given to the continuum from obesity to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, we will provide insights into the potential shared adipocentric mechanisms involved in these pathophysiological processes and their remediation using ADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Small RNA sequencing of small extracellular vesicles secreted by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells following replicative senescence. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:347-358. [PMID: 35917089 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) are subsets of multipotent stem cells involved in immune modulation, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobial defense. Cellular senescence is associated with the onset of aging-related diseases and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of senescence and aging. OBJECTIVE However, little is known about the role and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) carried by UCMSC-derived sEVs. To analyze the expression profiles of miRNAs secreted by senescent UCMSC, small RNA sequencing of the miRNAs within the sEVs was performed in this study. METHODS UCMSC cultures underwent serial passaging beyond passage number 20 to achieve replicative senescence, which was confirmed by various methods, including increased senescence-associated β-gal staining and cytokine secretion levels. sEVs derived from non-senescent and senescent UCMSC were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Small RNA sequencing of the miRNAs within the sEVs revealed senescence-associated differences in the miRNA composition, as shown by the upregulation of miR-122-5p and miR-146a-5p, and downregulation of miR-125b-5p and miR-29-3p. In addition, total RNA sequencing analysis showed that PENK, ITGA8, and TSIX were upregulated, whereas AKR1B10, UNC13D, and IL21R were downregulated by replicative senescence in UCMSC. In sEVs, upregulated genes were linked to downregulated miRNAs, and vice versa. In the gene-concept network analysis, five gynecologic terms were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS The study provides an insight into the cellular characteristics of UCMSC following replicative senescence and emphasizes the importance of monitoring passage numbers of UCMSC for further therapeutic use.
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12
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Shafritz DA, Ebrahimkhani MR, Oertel M. Therapeutic Cell Repopulation of the Liver: From Fetal Rat Cells to Synthetic Human Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:529. [PMID: 36831196 PMCID: PMC9954009 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells isolated from the fetal liver can provide a unique cell source to generate new healthy tissue mass. Almost 20 years ago, it was demonstrated that rat fetal liver cells repopulate the normal host liver environment via a mechanism akin to cell competition. Activin A, which is produced by hepatocytes, was identified as an important player during cell competition. Because of reduced activin receptor expression, highly proliferative fetal liver stem/progenitor cells are resistant to activin A and therefore exhibit a growth advantage compared to hepatocytes. As a result, transplanted fetal liver cells are capable of repopulating normal livers. Important for cell-based therapies, hepatic stem/progenitor cells containing repopulation potential can be separated from fetal hematopoietic cells using the cell surface marker δ-like 1 (Dlk-1). In livers with advanced fibrosis, fetal epithelial stem/progenitor cells differentiate into functional hepatic cells and out-compete injured endogenous hepatocytes, which cause anti-fibrotic effects. Although fetal liver cells efficiently repopulate the liver, they will likely not be used for human cell transplantation. Thus, utilizing the underlying mechanism of repopulation and developed methods to produce similar growth-advantaged cells in vitro, e.g., human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), this approach has great potential for developing novel cell-based therapies in patients with liver disease. The present review gives a brief overview of the classic cell transplantation models and various cell sources studied as donor cell candidates. The advantages of fetal liver-derived stem/progenitor cells are discussed, as well as the mechanism of liver repopulation. Moreover, this article reviews the potential of in vitro developed synthetic human fetal livers from iPSCs and their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Shafritz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mo R. Ebrahimkhani
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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13
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Zhang X, Liu F, Gu Z. Tissue Engineering in Neuroscience: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0007. [PMID: 37849680 PMCID: PMC10521717 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays, which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system (NS). The damage to the NS is currently difficult to repair using conventional therapies, such as surgery and medication. Therefore, repairing the damaged NS has always been a vast challenge in the area of neurology. Tissue engineering (TE), which integrates the cell biology and materials science to reconstruct or repair organs and tissues, has widespread applications in bone, periodontal tissue defects, skin repairs, and corneal transplantation. Recently, tremendous advances have been made in TE regarding neuroscience. In this review, we summarize TE's recent progress in neuroscience, including pathological mechanisms of various neurological disorders, the concepts and classification of TE, and the most recent development of TE in neuroscience. Lastly, we prospect the future directions and unresolved problems of TE in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
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14
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Protective Effects of Human Pericyte-like Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Human Retinal Endothelial Cells in an In Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence for Autologous Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020913. [PMID: 36674425 PMCID: PMC9860961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by morphologic and metabolic alterations in endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The loss of interendothelial junctions, increased vascular permeability, microaneurysms, and finally, EC detachment are the main features of DR. In this scenario, a pivotal role is played by the extensive loss of PCs. Based on previous results, the aim of this study was to assess possible beneficial effects exerted by adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and their pericyte-like differentiated phenotype (P-ASCs) on human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in high glucose conditions (25 mM glucose, HG). P-ASCs were more able to preserve BRB integrity than ASCs in terms of (a) increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER); (b) increased expression of adherens junction and tight junction proteins (VE-cadherin and ZO-1); (c) reduction in mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9; (d) reduction in the angiogenic factor VEGF and in fibrotic TGF-β1. Moreover, P-ASCs counteracted the HG-induced activation of the pro-inflammatory phospho-ERK1/2/phospho-cPLA2/COX-2 pathway. Finally, crosstalk between HRECs and ASCs or P-ASCs based on the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β axis at the mRNA level is described herein. Thus, P-ASCs might be considered valuable candidates for therapeutic approaches aimed at countering BRB disruption in DR.
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15
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Bashyal N, Lee TY, Chang DY, Jung JH, Kim MG, Acharya R, Kim SS, Oh IH, Suh-Kim H. Improving the Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Ex Vivo Therapy Using Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase. Mol Cells 2022; 45:479-494. [PMID: 35356894 PMCID: PMC9260133 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have been intensively studied as therapeutic tools for a variety of disorders. To enhance the efficacy of MSCs, therapeutic genes are introduced using retroviral and lentiviral vectors. However, serious adverse events (SAEs) such as tumorigenesis can be induced by insertional mutagenesis. We generated lentiviral vectors encoding the wild-type herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene and a gene containing a point mutation that results in an alanine to histidine substitution at residue 168 (TK(A168H)) and transduced expression in MSCs (MSC-TK and MSC-TK(A168H)). Transduction of lentiviral vectors encoding the TK(A168H) mutant did not alter the proliferation capacity, mesodermal differentiation potential, or surface antigenicity of MSCs. The MSC-TK(A168H) cells were genetically stable, as shown by karyotyping. MSC-TK(A168H) responded to ganciclovir (GCV) with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 10-fold less than that of MSC-TK. Because MSC-TK(A168H) cells were found to be non-tumorigenic, a U87-TK(A168H) subcutaneous tumor was used as a SAE-like condition and we evaluated the effect of valganciclovir (vGCV), an oral prodrug for GCV. U87-TK(A168H) tumors were more efficiently ablated by 200 mg/kg vGCV than U87-TK tumors. These results indicate that MSC-TK(A168H) cells appear to be pre-clinically safe for therapeutic use. We propose that genetic modification with HSV-TK(A168H) makes allogeneic MSC-based ex vivo therapy safer by eliminating transplanted cells during SAEs such as uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Bashyal
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- Research Center, Cell&Brain Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54871, Korea
| | - Da-Young Chang
- Research Center, Cell&Brain Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54871, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Rakshya Acharya
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Research Center, Cell&Brain Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54871, Korea
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16
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Yang Y, Zhao RC, Zhang F. Potential mesenchymal stem cell therapeutics for treating primary biliary cholangitis: advances, challenges, and perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933565. [PMID: 35923849 PMCID: PMC9339990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic autoimmune liver disease characterized by the gradual destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts that eventually leads to liver cirrhosis, failure, and even carcinoma. The treatment options for PBC are limited, and the main treatment choices are the US Food and Drug Administration–approved ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid. However, many patients fail to respond adequately to these drugs and the adverse effects frequently lead to low life quality. For patients with end-stage PBC, liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment. Given their low immunogenicity, prominent immunomodulation property, differentiation potential, and tissue maintenance capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as new options for treating liver diseases, including PBC. Accumulating evidence from basic research to clinical studies supports the positive effects of MSC-based therapy for treating PBC. In this review, we characterized the underlying roles and mechanisms of MSCs for treating liver diseases and highlight recent basic and clinical advances in MSC-based therapy for treating PBC. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives for MSC-based therapy in clinical application are discussed, which could help accelerate the application of MSCs in clinical practice, especially for refractory diseases such as PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yang
- Clinical Biobank, National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Medical Science Research Centre, Medical Science Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Zhang, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Zhang, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
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17
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Clinical Application of Induced Hepatocyte-like Cells Produced from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Literature Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131998. [PMID: 35805080 PMCID: PMC9265349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. The vast majority of liver disease is caused by metabolic disease (i.e., NASH) and alcohol-induced hepatitis, and to a lesser extent by acute and chronic viral infection. Furthermore, multiple insults to the liver is becoming common due to the prevalence of metabolic and alcohol-related liver diseases. Despite this rising prevalence of liver disease, there are few treatment options: there are treatments for viral hepatitis C and there is vaccination for hepatitis B. Aside from the management of metabolic syndrome, no direct liver therapy has shown clinical efficacy for metabolic liver disease, there is very little for acute alcohol-induced liver disease, and liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for late-stage liver disease. Traditional pharmacologic interventions have failed to appreciably impact the pathophysiology of alcohol-related liver disease or end-stage liver disease. The difficulties associated with developing liver-specific therapies result from three factors that are common to late-stage liver disease arising from any cause: hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and aberrant tissue healing. Hepatocyte injury results in tissue damage with inflammation, which sensitizes the liver to additional hepatocyte injury and stimulates hepatic stellate cells and aberrant tissue healing responses. In the setting of chronic liver insults, there is progressive scarring, the loss of hepatocyte function, and hemodynamic dysregulation. Regenerative strategies using hepatocyte-like cells that are manufactured from mesenchymal stromal cells may be able to correct this pathophysiology through multiple mechanisms of action. Preclinical studies support their effectiveness and recent clinical studies suggest that cell replacement therapy can be safe and effective in patients with liver disease for whom there is no other option.
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18
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Shao B, Qin YF, Ren SH, Peng QF, Qin H, Wang ZB, Wang HD, Li GM, Zhu YL, Sun CL, Zhang JY, Li X, Wang H. Structural and Temporal Dynamics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Diseases From 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859972. [PMID: 35663940 PMCID: PMC9160197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in liver diseases. This study aims to comprehensively review the cooperation and influence of countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the field of MSCs in liver diseases from the perspective of bibliometrics, evaluate the clustering evolution of knowledge structure, and discover hot trends and emerging topics. Methods The articles and reviews related to MSCs in liver diseases were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using Topic Search. A bibliometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results A total of 3404 articles and reviews were included over the period 2001-2021. The number of articles regarding MSCs in liver diseases showed an increasing trend. These publications mainly come from 3251 institutions in 113 countries led by China and the USA. Li L published the most papers among the publications, while Pittenger MF had the most co-citations. Analysis of the most productive journals shows that most are specialized in medical research, experimental medicine and cell biology, and cell & tissue engineering. The macroscopical sketch and micro-representation of the whole knowledge field are realized through co-citation analysis. Liver scaffold, MSC therapy, extracellular vesicle, and others are current and developing areas of the study. The keywords "machine perfusion", "liver transplantation", and "microRNAs" also may be the focus of new trends and future research. Conclusions In this study, bibliometrics and visual methods were used to review the research of MSCs in liver diseases comprehensively. This paper will help scholars better understand the dynamic evolution of the application of MSCs in liver diseases and point out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Fei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-Hua Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang-Lin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-Lu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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19
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Mikłosz A, Nikitiuk BE, Chabowski A. Using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to fight the metabolic complications of obesity: Where do we stand? Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13413. [PMID: 34985174 PMCID: PMC9285813 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Among them are adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), secreting numerous bioactive molecules, like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their unique features, including immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, make them an ideal candidates for clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have shown that ADMSCs can improve pancreatic islet cell viability and function, ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve insulin sensitivity, restore liver function, counteract dyslipidemia, lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress in the animal models. These results prompted scientists to use ADMSCs clinically. However, up to date, there have been few clinical studies or ongoing trails using ADMSCs to treat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or liver cirrhosis. Most human studies have implemented autologous ADMSCs with minimal risk of cellular rejection. Because the functionality of ADMSCs is significantly reduced in subjects with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome, their efficacy is questioned. ADMSCs transplantation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, but randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans prior to routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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20
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Al-Ghadban S, Artiles M, Bunnell BA. Adipose Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Looking Forward. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:837464. [PMID: 35096804 PMCID: PMC8792599 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.837464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, stem cell-based regenerative medicine has progressed to clinical testing and therapeutic applications. The applications range from infusions of autologous and allogeneic stem cells to stem cell-derived products. Adult stem cells from adipose tissue (ASCs) show significant promise in treating autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, vascular and metabolic diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration and wound defects. The regenerative capabilities of ASCs in vivo are primarily orchestrated by their secretome of paracrine factors and cell-matrix interactions. More recent developments are focused on creating more complex structures such as 3D organoids, tissue elements and eventually fully functional tissues and organs to replace or repair diseased or damaged tissues. The current and future applications for ASCs in regenerative medicine are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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21
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Yuan X, Li L, Liu H, Luo J, Zhao Y, Pan C, Zhang X, Chen Y, Gou M. Strategies for improving adipose-derived stem cells for tissue regeneration. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac028. [PMID: 35992369 PMCID: PMC9382096 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have promising applications in tissue regeneration. Currently, there are only a few ADSC products that have been approved for clinical use. The clinical application of ADSCs still faces many challenges. Here, we review emerging strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs in tissue regeneration. First, a great quantity of cells is often needed for the stem cell therapies, which requires the advanced cell expansion technologies. In addition cell-derived products are also required for the development of ‘cell-free’ therapies to overcome the drawbacks of cell-based therapies. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the regenerative functions of ADSCs, including viability, differentiation and paracrine ability, for the tissue repair and regeneration required for different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Third, poor delivery efficiency also restricts the therapeutic effect of ADSCs. Effective methods to improve cell delivery include alleviating harsh microenvironments, enhancing targeting ability and prolonging cell retention. Moreover, we also point out some critical issues about the sources, effectiveness and safety of ADSCs. With these advanced strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs, ADSC-based treatment holds great promise for clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
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22
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Kim Y, Jeong J, Choi D. Generation and differentiation of chemically derived hepatic progenitors from mouse primary hepatocytes. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100840. [PMID: 34585167 PMCID: PMC8455481 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the generation of bipotent chemically derived hepatic progenitors (mCdHs) from mouse primary hepatocytes and their subsequent differentiation into either hepatic or cholangiocytic lineages. The reprogrammed mCdHs have a high proliferation capacity and express progenitor markers in long-term passages. Differentiated mCdHs show the characteristics of either hepatic or cholangiocytic genes. This protocol has potential application for regenerative medicine, including ex vivo gene therapy, disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized medicine. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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23
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Warrier S, Mohana Sundaram S, Varier L, Balasubramanian A. Stalling SARS-CoV2 infection with stem cells: can regenerating perinatal tissue mesenchymal stem cells offer a multi-tiered therapeutic approach to COVID-19? Placenta 2021; 117:161-168. [PMID: 34915433 PMCID: PMC8647345 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has created a major health crisis across the globe. Invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the lungs causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that result in the damage of lung alveolar epithelial cells. Currently, there is no standard treatment available to treat the disease and the resultant lung scarring is irreversible even after recovery. This has prompted researchers across the globe to focus on developing new therapeutics and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an efficient drug screening platform and MSC-derived organoids has found applications in disease modeling and drug discovery. Perinatal tissue derived MSC based cell therapies have been explored in the treatment of various disease conditions including ARDS because of their enhanced regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The multi-utility properties of MSCs have been described in this review wherein we discuss the potential use of MSC-derived lung organoids in screening of novel therapeutic compounds for COVID-19 and also in disease modeling to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. This article also summarizes the rationale behind the development of MSC-based cell- and cell-free therapies and vaccines for COVID-19 with a focus on the current progress in this area. With the pandemic raging, an important necessity is to develop novel treatment strategies which will not only alleviate the disease symptoms but also avoid any off-target effects which could further increase post infection sequelae. Naturally occurring mesenchymal stem cells could be the magic bullet which fulfil these criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India.
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
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24
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Comparative evaluation of pathways and gene expression profile similarity in differentiated stem cells versus normal adult cells in seven human tissues. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Kulkeaw K, Pengsart W. Progress and Challenges in the Use of a Liver-on-a-Chip for Hepatotropic Infectious Diseases. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070842. [PMID: 34357252 PMCID: PMC8306537 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a target organ of life-threatening pathogens and prominently contributes to the variation in drug responses and drug-induced liver injury among patients. Currently available drugs significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of liver-dwelling pathogens worldwide; however, emerging clinical evidence reveals the importance of host factors in the design of safe and effective therapies for individuals, known as personalized medicine. Given the primary adherence of cells in conventional two-dimensional culture, the use of these one-size-fit-to-all models in preclinical drug development can lead to substantial failures in assessing therapeutic safety and efficacy. Advances in stem cell biology, bioengineering and material sciences allow us to develop a more physiologically relevant model that is capable of recapitulating the human liver. This report reviews the current use of liver-on-a-chip models of hepatotropic infectious diseases in the context of precision medicine including hepatitis virus and malaria parasites, assesses patient-specific responses to antiviral drugs, and designs personalized therapeutic treatments to address the need for a personalized liver-like model. Second, most organs-on-chips lack a monitoring system for cell functions in real time; thus, the review discusses recent advances and challenges in combining liver-on-a-chip technology with biosensors for assessing hepatocyte viability and functions. Prospectively, the biosensor-integrated liver-on-a-chip device would provide novel biological insights that could accelerate the development of novel therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-419-6468 (ext. 96484)
| | - Worakamol Pengsart
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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26
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Ngezahayo A, Ruhe FA. Connexins in the development and physiology of stem cells. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1949242. [PMID: 34227910 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1949242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) form gap junction (GJ) channels linking vertebrate cells. During embryogenesis, Cxs are expressed as early as the 4-8 cell stage. As cells differentiate into pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and during gastrulation, the Cx expression pattern is adapted. Knockdown of Cx43 and Cx45 does not interfere with embryogenic development until the blastula stage, questioning the role of Cxs in PSC physiology and development. Studies in cultivated and induced PSCs (iPSCs) showed that Cx43 is essential for the maintenance of self-renewal and the expression of pluripotency markers. It was found that the role of Cxs in PSCs is more related to regulation of transcription or cell-cell adherence than to formation of GJ channels. Furthermore, a crucial role of Cxs for the self-renewal and differentiation was shown in cultivated adult mesenchymal stem cells. This review aims to highlight aspects that link Cxs to the function and physiology of stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Dept. Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederike A Ruhe
- Dept. Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Due to the ability to differentiate into variety of cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise as source in cell-based therapy for treating injured tissue and degenerative diseases. The potential use of MSCs to replace or repair damaged tissues may depend on the efficient differentiation protocols to derive specialized cells without any negative side effects. Identification of appropriate cues that support the lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells is critical for tissue healing and cellular therapy. Recently, a number of stimuli have been utilized to direct the differentiation of stem cells. Biochemical stimuli such as small molecule, growth factor and miRNA have been traditionally used to regulate the fate of stem cells. In recent years, many studies have reported that biophysical stimuli including cyclic mechanical strain, fluid shear stress, microgravity, electrical stimulation, matrix stiffness and topography can also be sensed by stem cells through mechanical receptors, thus affecting the stem cell behaviors including their differentiation potential. In this paper, we review all the most recent literature on the application of biochemical and biophysical cues on regulating MSC differentiation. An extensive literature search was done using electronic database (Medline/Pubmed). Although there are still some challenges that need to be taken into consideration before translating these methods into clinics, biochemical and biophysical stimulation appears to be an attractive method to manipulate the lineage commitment of MSCs.
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28
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Cheng H, Huang Y, Chen W, Che J, Liu T, Na J, Wang R, Fan Y. Cyclic Strain and Electrical Co-stimulation Improve Neural Differentiation of Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624755. [PMID: 34055769 PMCID: PMC8150581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the combinatorial effect of cyclic strain and electrical stimulation on neural differentiation potential of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) inductions in vitro. We developed a prototype device which can provide cyclic strain and electrical signal synchronously. Using this system, we demonstrated that cyclic strain and electrical co-stimulation promote the differentiation of BMCSs into neural cells with more branches and longer neurites than strain or electrical stimulation alone. Strain and electrical co-stimulation can also induce a higher expression of neural markers in terms of transcription and protein level. Neurotrophic factors and the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) are also upregulated with co-stimulation. Importantly, the co-stimulation further enhances the calcium influx of neural differentiated BMSCs when responding to acetylcholine and potassium chloride (KCl). Finally, the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and protein kinase B (AKT) was elevated under co-stimulation treatment. The present work suggests a synergistic effect of the combination of cyclic strain and electrical stimulation on BMSC neuronal differentiation and provides an alternative approach to physically manipulate stem cell differentiation into mature and functional neural cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jifei Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Taidong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Na
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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29
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Cell therapy as a new approach on hepatic fibrosis of murine model of Schistosoma mansoni-infection. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:136-145. [PMID: 32816183 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease of the genus Schistosoma triggered by blood flukes. Schistosomiasis is a disease occurring in, or endemic to, tropical and subtropical regions. A new concept was implemented to deal with schistosomiasis from natural plant sources. Curcumin's common name is Turmeric. Curcumin has proven to be main active component in Curcuma longa L. and has a wide range of anti-phrastic effects. Previous studies have shown the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) therapy in hepatic fibrosis recovery. OBJECTIVE The current study was, therefore, intended to examine therapeutic role of BMSCs and Turmeric in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. ANIMALS Mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (non-infected non-treated), a positive control group (infected non-treated), a BMSCs treated group; Turmeric treated group, and untreated group. BMSCs derived from male mice were injected intraperitoneally into female mice receiving S. mansoni cercariae through the subcutaneous route. Liver histopathology and immuno-histochemical examinations were evaluated. RESULTS BMSCs intraperitoneal injection resulted in a significant reduction of liver collagen, granuloma size, and significant increase of OV-6 expression in the Schistosomiasis-treated mice group. There was overall improvement in pathological changes of the liver. Unfortunately, group IV showed a mild improvement in the granuloma size and fibrosis compared to corresponding BMSCs treatment group, although with vacuolated liver cells. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BMSCs have a regenerative potential in liver tissue histopathology by decreasing liver fibrosis and granulomas. Turmeric, by contrast, could not be used as an anti-fibrotic, according to the findings.
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30
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Khazaei S, Keshavarz G, Bozorgi A, Nazari H, Khazaei M. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: a comparative review on isolation, culture, and differentiation methods. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 23:1-16. [PMID: 33616792 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an available source of mesenchymal stem cells with the appropriate capacity to in vitro survive, propagate, and differentiate into cells from three lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The biological features of ADSCs depend on the donor physiology and health status, isolation procedure, culture conditions, and differentiation protocols used. Adipose tissue samples are provided by surgery and lipoaspiration-based methods and subjected to various mechanical and chemical digestion techniques to finally generate a heterogeneous mixture named stromal vascular fraction (SVF). ADSCs are purified through varied cell populations that exist within SVF and cultured under standard conditions to give rise to a highly rich resource of stem cells directly applied in the clinic or differentiated into a wide range of cells. The development and optimization of conventional isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods seem noteworthy to preserve the desirable biological functions of ADSCs in pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Khazaei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghazal Keshavarz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Nazari
- Department of Orofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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31
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He C, Yang Y, Zheng K, Chen Y, Liu S, Li Y, Han Q, Zhao RC, Wang L, Zhang F. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment in autoimmune liver diseases: underlying roles, advantages and challenges. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321993442. [PMID: 33633826 PMCID: PMC7887681 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321993442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a series of chronic liver diseases with abnormal immune responses, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The treatment options for AILD remain limited, and the adverse side effects of the drugs that are typically used for treatment frequently lead to a low quality of life for AILD patients. Moreover, AILD patients may have a poor prognosis, especially those with an incomplete response to first-line treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with low immunogenicity and can be conveniently harvested. MSC-based therapy is emerging as a promising approach for treating liver diseases based on their advantageous characteristics of immunomodulation, anti-fibrosis effects, and differentiation to hepatocytes, and accumulating evidence has revealed the positive effects of MSC therapy in AILD. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of MSC treatment for AILD based on work in animal and clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges of MSC therapy in clinical applications. In summary, although promising data from preclinical studies are now available, MSC therapy is currently far for being applied in clinical practice, thus developing MSC therapy in AILD is still challenging and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunyu Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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32
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Li Y, Lin Y, Han X, Li W, Yan W, Ma Y, Lu X, Huang X, Bai R, Zhang H. GSK3 inhibitor ameliorates steatosis through the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes of obese patients. iScience 2021; 24:102149. [PMID: 33665568 PMCID: PMC7900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor and a potential treatment target for hepatic steatosis. The maladaptation of hepatic mitochondrial flexibility plays a key role in the hepatic steatosis. Herein, we found that hepatocyte-like cells derived from human adipose stem cell of obese patients exhibited the characteristics of hepatic steatosis and accompanied with lower expression of the subunits of mitochondrial complex I and lower oxidative phosphorylation levels. The GSK3 inhibitor CHIR-99021 promoted the expression of NDUFB8, NDUFB9, the subunits of mitochondrial complex I, the basal oxygen consumption rate, and the fatty acid oxidation of the hepatocytes of obese patients by upregulating the expression of the transcription factor PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF1 involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, CHIR-99021 decreased the lipid droplets size and the triglyceride levels in hepatocytes of obese patients. The results demonstrate that GSK3 inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis by elevating the mitochondrial function in hepatocytes of obese patients. Obese patients’ adipose-stem-cell-derived hepatocytes reveal hepatic steatosis Hepatic steatosis is accompanied the mitochondrial dysfunction The mitochondrial dysfunction is governed by the low expression PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF1 GSK3 inhibitor ameliorates hepatic steatosis via mitochondrial dysfunction modulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xueya Han
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenmao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Rixing Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Corresponding author
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5-Azacytidine pretreatment confers transient upregulation of proliferation and stemness in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cells Dev 2021; 165:203659. [PMID: 34024336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful outcomes of cell-based therapeutic is highly-dependent on quality and quantity of the cells. Epigenetic modifiers are known to modulate cell fates via reprogramming, hence it is plausible to use them in enhancing the plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaCR), an epigenetic modifier, pretreatment on mesenchymal stem cells-derived from Wharton's Jelly (WJMSCs) fates. WJMSCs were pretreated with 5-AzaCR for 24 h and subsequently cultured in culture media mixtures. The proliferative and stemness characteristics of the pretreated WJMSCs were assessed through morphological and gene expression analyses. Results showed that cells pretreated with 5 μM to 20 μM of 5-AzaCR showed to acquire higher proliferative state transiently when cultured in embryonic-mesenchymal stem cell (ESC-MSC) media, but not in MSC medium alone, and this coincides with significant transitional upregulation of stemness transcription factors. 5-AzaCR pretreatment has potential to confer initial induction of higher state of stemness and proliferation in WJMSCs, influenced by the culture media.
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Park IS. Synergistic effect of three-dimensional coculture and photobiomodulation therapy on vascularized liver spheroid formation by stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5865-5874. [PMID: 33432611 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite studies reporting functional differentiation of liver cells, a three-dimensional, vascularized liver organ has yet to be developed from mesenchymal stem cells. We investigated whether treatment with photobiomodulation (PBM) before three-dimensional liver spheroid transplantation improved the recovery of liver function via stimulation of angiogenesis and hepatocyte differentiation. Liver spheroids composed of hepatic, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells were subjected to PBM therapy. To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of the liver spheroids treated with PBM, phosphate-buffered saline, liver spheroid, and PBM-treated liver spheroid were transplanted into a damaged host liver using conventional chimeric mouse models. To further characterize the maturation of transplanted PBM-liver spheroid compared with the newly generated non-PBM-liver spheroid or human liver tissues, the expression profiles of mature liver signature genes were analyzed. Liver spheroids expressed hepatocyte growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenic factors. The cells in liver spheroid compensated for the low viability and improved the function of hepatocytes. Here, we demonstrate the formation of vascularized and functional human liver spheroid from human adipose-derived stem cells by transplantation of liver tissue created in vitro. Albumin secretion by PBM-treated liver spheroid was higher on Day 28 compared with liver spheroid-seeded transplant group. PBM-liver spheroids serve as individual vascularization units, promoting the simultaneous development of new microvascular networks at different locations inside the implanted tissue constructs. The vasculature in the liver spheroid transplants became functional by connecting to the host vessels within 48 h. These PBM-liver spheroids may be useful in designing artificial three-dimensional hepatic tissue constructs and in cell therapy with limited numbers of human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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35
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Zhu M, Hua T, Ouyang T, Qian H, Yu B. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Fibrosis: Novel Strategies, Mechanisms, and Clinical Practice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6546780. [PMID: 34434239 PMCID: PMC8380491 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6546780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common result of most chronic liver diseases, and advanced fibrosis often leads to cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver cirrhosis except liver transplantation. Therefore, it is important to carry out antifibrosis treatment to reverse liver damage in the early stage of liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. The preclinical and clinical research results of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis show that MSC administration is a promising treatment for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. MSCs reverse liver fibrosis and increase liver function mainly through differentiation into hepatocytes, immune regulation, secretion of cytokines and other nutritional factors, reduction of hepatocyte apoptosis, and promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. Recently, many studies provided a variety of new methods and strategies to improve the effect of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the current effective methods and strategies and their potential mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis, as well as the current research progress in clinical practice. We expect to achieve complete reversal of liver injury with MSC-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhen Hua
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huofu Qian
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, China
| | - Bing Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
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Hsu MJ, Christ M, Christ B. Co-Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2269:151-165. [PMID: 33687678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1225-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are adult stem cells, which feature hepatotropism by supporting liver regeneration through amelioration of hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced stage of fatty liver. It remains open, how MSC impact on hepatocytic lipid metabolism. To study MSC actions on fatty liver mechanistically, we established an in vitro model of co-culture comprising MSC and isolated mouse hepatocytes at a ratio of 1:1. Lipid storage in hepatocytes was induced by the treatment with medium deficiency of methionine and choline (MCD). The protocol can be adapted for the use of other lipid storage-inducing agents such as palmitic acid and linoleic acid. This co-culture model allows to study, e.g., whether MSC act indirectly via MSC-born paracrine mechanisms or through direct physical interactions between cells beside others. The protocol allows us to detect the formation of extensions (filopodia) from MSC to contact the fatty hepatocytes or other MSC within 24 h of co-culture. These structures may represent tunneling nanotubes (TNT), allowing for long-range intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ju Hsu
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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37
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Michalik M, Gładyś A, Czekaj P. Differentiation of Cells Isolated from Afterbirth Tissues into Hepatocyte-Like Cells and Their Potential Clinical Application in Liver Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:581-603. [PMID: 32974851 PMCID: PMC8036182 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxic, viral and surgical injuries can pose medical indications for liver transplantation. The number of patients waiting for a liver transplant still increases, but the number of organ donors is insufficient. Hepatocyte transplantation was suggested as a promising alternative to liver transplantation, however, this method has some significant limitations. Currently, afterbirth tissues seem to be an interesting source of cells for the regenerative medicine, because of their unique biological and immunological properties. It has been proven in experimental animal models, that the native stem cells, and to a greater extent, hepatocyte-like cells derived from them and transplanted, can accelerate regenerative processes and restore organ functioning. The effective protocol for obtaining functional mature hepatocytes in vitro is still not defined, but some studies resulted in obtaining functionally active hepatocyte-like cells. In this review, we focused on human stem cells isolated from placenta and umbilical cord, as potent precursors of hepatocyte-like cells for regenerative medicine. We summarized the results of preclinical and clinical studies dealing with the introduction of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells of the afterbirth origin to the liver failure therapy. It was concluded that the use of native afterbirth epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the treatment of liver failure could support liver function and regeneration. This effect would be enhanced by the use of hepatocyte-like cells obtained from placental and/or umbilical stem cells. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Michalik
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gładyś
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
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38
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Kasraeian M, Ghasemi E, Dianatpour M, Tanideh N, Razeghian IJ, Khodabandeh Z, Dorvash MR, Zare S, Koohi Hosseinabadi O, Tamadon A. In utero xenotransplantation of mice bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells into fetal rat liver: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:701-712. [PMID: 33062916 PMCID: PMC7521162 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i9.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animals can play an important role in preparing tissues for human through the development of xenotransplantation protocols. The most common problem with liver transplantation like any other organ transplantation is organ supply shortage. Objective To evaluate the in utero xenotransplantation of mouse bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) to the liver of rat fetus to produce mouse liver tissue. Materials and Methods BMSCs were isolated and confirmed from enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-genetic labeled mice. Using a microinjection protocol, mice BMSCs were injected into the liver of rat fetuses in utero on day 14 of pregnancy. After birth, livers were collected and the presence of mice eGFP-positive cells in rat livers was evaluated through polymerase chain reaction. Results The eGFP mRNA was detected in the liver of injected infant rats. BMSCs of adult mice were capable to remain functional probably as hepatocyte-like cells in liver of infant rats after in utero xenotransplantation. Conclusion BMSCs have the potential for intrauterine xenotransplantation for the treatment of liver dysfunction before birth. This method can also be used for xenoproduction of liver tissue for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kasraeian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Perinatology Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Ghasemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Perinatology Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Human Genetic, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Dorvash
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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39
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Ma ZJ, Yang JJ, Lu YB, Liu ZY, Wang XX. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:814-840. [PMID: 32952861 PMCID: PMC7477653 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with marked potential for regenerative medicine because of their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative abilities. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are based in part on their secretion of biologically active factors in extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes have a diameter of 30-100 nm and mediate intercellular communication and material exchange. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have potential for cell-free therapy for diseases of, for instance, the kidney, liver, heart, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. Hence, MSC-Exos are an alternative to MSC-based therapy for regenerative medicine. We review MSC-Exos and their therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Jun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yu-Bao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Xi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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40
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Wei S, Tang J, Cai X. Founder cells for hepatocytes during liver regeneration: from identification to application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2887-2898. [PMID: 32060582 PMCID: PMC11105049 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) capacity in vertebrates developed through natural selection over a hundred million years of evolution. To maintain homeostasis or recover from various injuries, liver cells must regenerate; this process includes the renewal of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells as well as the formation of liver structures. The cellular origin of newly grown tissue is one of the critical questions in this area and has been a subject of prolonged debate. The regenerative tissue may derive from either hepatocyte self-duplication or liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs). Recently, hepatocyte subpopulations and cholangiocytes were also described as important founder cells. The niche that triggers the proliferation of hepatocytes and the differentiation of LSPCs has been extensively studied. Meanwhile, in vitro culture systems for liver founder cells and organoids have been developed rapidly for mechanistic studies and potential therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the cellular sources and niches that give rise to renewed hepatocytes during LR, and it also describes in vitro culture studies of those founder cells for future applications, as well as current reports for stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiacheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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41
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Robert AW, Marcon BH, Dallagiovanna B, Shigunov P. Adipogenesis, Osteogenesis, and Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: A Comparative Transcriptome Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:561. [PMID: 32733882 PMCID: PMC7362937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are complex and highly regulated processes. Over the years, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the MSC commitment to the osteogenic, adipogenic and/or chondrogenic phenotypes. High-throughput methodologies have been used to investigate the gene expression profile during differentiation. Association of data analysis of mRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, obtained at different time points over these processes, are important to depict the complexity of differentiation. This review will discuss the results that were highlighted in transcriptome analyses of MSC undergoing adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The focus is to shed light on key molecules, main signaling pathways and biological processes related to different time points of adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny W Robert
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna H Marcon
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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42
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Fan XL, Zhang Y, Li X, Fu QL. Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2771-2794. [PMID: 31965214 PMCID: PMC7223321 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is attributed to complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of action including differentiation into multiple cell lineages and regulation of immune responses via immunomodulation. The plasticity of MSCs in immunomodulation allow these cells to exert different immune effects depending on different diseases. Understanding the biology of MSCs and their role in treatment is critical to determine their potential for various therapeutic applications and for the development of MSC-based regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the recent progress of particular mechanisms underlying the tissue regenerative properties and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. We focused on discussing the functional roles of paracrine activities, direct cell-cell contact, mitochondrial transfer, and extracellular vesicles related to MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and regeneration. This will provide an overview of the current research on the rapid development of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Fan
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Therapeutic effects of in vivo-differentiated stem cell and Matricaria chamomilla L. Oil in diabetic rabbit. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:453-460. [PMID: 32550197 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The main goal of diabetes therapy is to control blood glucose levels. Objectives In this study, the effect of Matricaria chamomilla L. oil as an herbal agent, on therapeutic properties of poly L-lactic acid-based (PLLA) scaffold loaded with differentiated stem cells, is examined in the diabetic rabbit. Methods Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were isolated from male New Zealand White rabbits and after seeding on the PLLA scaffold differentiated in the pancreatic region. In vivo differentiation of AMSCs toward pancreatic progenitor cells was evaluated by quantitative analysis of gene expressions and immunohistochemistry. Then, one normal and five diabetic groups including blank diabetic, scaffold, oil + scaffold, and differentiated cell + scaffold or oil + scaffold were assessed after 21 days of treatment. After the assessment, the diabetic groups were evaluated by clinical parameters and pancreatic histological sections. Results It was found that AMSCs were differentiated to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the pancreatic environment which then used for implantation. Blood glucose in the oil + scaffold, cell + scaffold, and oil + cell + scaffold groups showed a significant decrease after 21 days. In the above mentioned three groups, insulin secretion was increased significantly. Chamomile oil also caused a significant decrease in High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol levels. According to histological sections results, in cell + scaffold and oil + cell + scaffold groups, β cells were significantly increased compared to blank diabetic group. Conclusions Together these data demonstrated chamomile oil along with in vivo-differentiated stem cell is a promising new treatment for diabetes.
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Wang J, Fu X, Yan Y, Li S, Duan Y, Marie Inglis B, Si W, Zheng B. In vitro differentiation of rhesus macaque bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:251-260. [PMID: 32518605 PMCID: PMC7273898 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic liver or hepatocyte transplantation is effective for the treatment of acute liver injury and end-stage chronic liver disease. However, both of these therapies are hampered by the extreme shortage of organ donors. The clinical application of cell therapy through the substitution of hepatocytes with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have been differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) for liver disease treatment is expected to overcome this shortage. Bone marrow and adipose tissue are two major sources of MSCs [bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs), respectively]. However, knowledge about the variability in the differentiation potential between BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs is lacking. In the present study, the hepatogenic differentiation potential of rhesus macaque BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs was compared with the evaluation of morphology, immunophenotyping profiles, differentiation potential, glycogen deposition, urea secretion and hepatocyte-specific gene expression. The results indicated that BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs shared similar characteristics in terms of primary morphology, surface markers and trilineage differentiation potential (adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis). Subsequently, the hepatogenic differentiation potential of BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs was evaluated by morphology, glycogen accumulation, urea synthesis and expression of hepatocyte marker genes. The results indicated that rhesus BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs had hepatogenic differentiation ability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to detect the hepatogenic differentiation potential of rhesus macaque BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs. The present study provides the basis for the selection of seed cells that can trans-differentiate into HLCs for cytotherapy of acute or chronic liver injuries in either clinical or veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatic and Bile Duct Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 741001, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Briauna Marie Inglis
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wei Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bingrong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
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45
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Ceccarelli S, Pontecorvi P, Anastasiadou E, Napoli C, Marchese C. Immunomodulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: The Cutting Edge of Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:236. [PMID: 32363193 PMCID: PMC7180192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising tool for soft tissue engineering as well as for clinical treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. The well-characterized multi-differentiation potential and self-renewal properties of ASCs are coupled with their immunomodulatory ability in providing therapeutic efficacy. Yet, their impact in immune or inflammatory disorders might rely both on cell contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine effects, resulting in the release of various soluble factors that regulate immune cells functions. Despite the widespread use of ASCs in clinical trials addressing several pathologies, the pathophysiological mechanisms at the basis of their clinical use have been not yet fully investigated. In particular, a thorough analysis of ASC immunomodulatory potential is mandatory. Here we explore such molecular mechanisms involved in ASC immunomodulatory properties, emphasizing the relevance of the milieu composition. We review the potential clinical use of ASC secretome as a mediator for immunomodulation, with a focus on in vitro and in vivo environmental conditions affecting clinical outcome. We describe some potential strategies for optimization of ASCs immunomodulatory capacity in clinical settings, which act either on adult stem cells gene expression and local microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the limitations of both allogeneic and autologous ASC use, highlighting the issues to be fixed in order to significantly improve the efficacy of ASC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Eissa M, Elarabany N, Hyder A. In vitro efficacy of liver microenvironment in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:341-348. [PMID: 32270392 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) represent an interesting alternative to liver or hepatocyte transplantation to treat liver injuries. Many studies have reported that MSCs can treat several diseases, including liver damage, just by injection into the bloodstream, without evidence of differentiation. The improvements were attributed to the organotrophic factors, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs, rather than their differentiation. The aim of the present study was to answer the question of whether the presence of BM-MSCs in the hepatic microenvironment will lead to their differentiation to functional hepatocyte-like cells. The hepatic microenvironment was mimicked in vitro by culture for 21 d with liver extract. The resulted cells expressed marker genes of the hepatic lineage including AFP, CK18, and Hnf4a. Functionally, they were able to detoxify ammonia into urea, to store glycogen as observed by PAS staining, and to synthesize glucose from pyruvate/lactate mixture. Phenotypically, the expression of MSC surface markers CD90 and CD105 decreased by differentiation. This evidenced differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells was accompanied by a downregulation of the stem cell marker genes sox2 and Nanog and the cell cycle regulatory genes ANAPC2, CDC2, Cyclin A1, and ABL1. The present results suggest a clear differentiation of BM-MSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells by the extracted liver microenvironment. This differentiation is confirmed by a decrease in the stemness and mitotic activities. Tracking transplanted BM-MSCs and proving their in vivo differentiation remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Eissa
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Elarabany
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt.
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The Cancer Stem Cell in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030684. [PMID: 32183251 PMCID: PMC7140091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has given way to the concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC). According to this concept, CSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into all of the cancer cell lineages present within the tumor, placing the CSC at the top of a hierarchical tree. The observation that these cells—in contrast to bulk tumor cells—are able to exclusively initiate new tumors, initiate metastatic spread and resist chemotherapy implies that CSCs are solely responsible for tumor recurrence and should be therapeutically targeted. Toward this end, dissecting and understanding the biology of CSCs should translate into new clinical therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review the CSC concept in cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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48
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Tricot T, De Boeck J, Verfaillie C. Alternative Cell Sources for Liver Parenchyma Repopulation: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2020; 9:E566. [PMID: 32121068 PMCID: PMC7140465 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver failure is a highly prevalent medical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the therapy is orthotopic liver transplantation. However, in some instances, chiefly in the setting of metabolic diseases, transplantation of individual cells, specifically functional hepatocytes, can be an acceptable alternative. The gold standard for this therapy is the use of primary human hepatocytes, isolated from livers that are not suitable for whole organ transplantations. Unfortunately, primary human hepatocytes are scarcely available, which has led to the evaluation of alternative sources of functional hepatocytes. In this review, we will compare the ability of most of these candidate alternative cell sources to engraft and repopulate the liver of preclinical animal models with the repopulation ability found with primary human hepatocytes. We will discuss the current shortcomings of the different cell types, and some of the next steps that we believe need to be taken to create alternative hepatocyte progeny capable of regenerating the failing liver.
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49
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Characterization and therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101330. [PMID: 32473704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, genomic stable, self-renewable, and culturally expandable adult stem cells. MSCs facilitate tissue development, maintenance and repair, and produce secretory factors that support engraftment and trophic functions, marking them an attractive option in cell therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. METHOD In this review, we summarize the recent researches regarding the isolation and characterization of MSCs, therapeutic applications and advanced engineering techniques. We also discuss the advantages and limitations that remain to be overcome for MSCs based therapy. RESULTS It has been demonstrated that MSCs are able to modulate endogenous tissue and immune cells. Preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials have shown their great potential for tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, marrow stroma, muscle, fat, and other connective tissues. CONCLUSIONS MSC-based therapy show considerable promise to rebuild damaged or diseased tissues, which could be a promising therapeutic method for regeneration medicine.
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Qian M, Wang X, Shuai Q, Gao C, Lang R, Yang J. Construction of multicellular aggregate by E-cadherin coated microparticles enhancing the hepatic specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:382-394. [PMID: 30660779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising candidate for cell therapy of liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the efficiency of expansion and differentiation. Previously, we engineered multicellular aggregates incorporating human E-cadherin fusion protein (hE-cad-Fc)-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs), and a significant improvement was obtained in both cellular proliferation of and cytokine secretion by hMSCs. In this study, hepatic differentiation of hMSCs was induced by a biomimetic microenvironment consisting of these engineered aggregates and a cocktail of specific cytokines. The ratio of hE-cad-PLGAs to hMSCs in engineered hMSCs aggregates was optimized to 1:3 for hepatic differentiation. The expressions of hepatic-specific markers were significantly promoted, and cell polarity and activated drug metabolism enzymes were established in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates compared with MSC and MSC/PLGA aggregates. Moreover, the expressions of stemness and definitive endoderm markers confirmed effectively induced endoderm differentiation in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates, which was consistent with the pattern of embryonic development. After pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, the biomimetic microenvironment constructed by hE-cad-PLGAs in engineered multicellular aggregates was able to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. It would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases. By optimizing with other cytokine cocktail, the engineered multicellular aggregates can be applied to the construction of other endoderm-derived organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising for cell therapy for liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the expansion and differentiation efficiency. Here, engineered multicellular aggregates were constructed by E-cadherin modified microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs) construct a biomimetic microenvironment to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, after pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, engineered multicellular aggregates with hE-cad-PLGAs would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases, and provide a promising method in the construction of other endoderm-derived organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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