1
|
Ko S, Ju MS, Ahn HM, Na JH, Ko WH, Jo M, Kyung M, Lim CS, Ko BJ, Lee WK, Kim YJ, Jung ST. Engineered Human Antibody with Improved Endothelin Receptor Type A Binding Affinity, Developability, and Serum Persistence Exhibits Excellent Antitumor Potency. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1247-1255. [PMID: 36563318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin receptor A (ETA), a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a promising tumor-associated antigen due to its close association with the progression and metastasis of many types of cancer, such as colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer. However, only small-molecule drugs have been developed as ETA antagonists with anticancer effects. In a previous study, we identified an antibody (AG8) with highly selective binding to human ETA through screening of a human naïve immune antibody library. Although both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the identified AG8 had anticancer effects, there is a need for improvement in biochemical and physicochemical properties such as the ETA binding affinity, thermostability, and productivity. In this study, we engineered the framework regions of AG8 and isolated an anti-ETA antibody (MJF1) exhibiting significantly improved thermostability and ETA binding affinity. Subsequently, our previously isolated PFc29, an Fc variant with an enhanced pH-dependent human FcRn binding profile, was introduced to MJF1, and the resulting Fc-engineered anti-ETA antibody (MJF1-PFc29) inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells comparably to MJF1 and showed a 4.2-fold increased serum half-life in human FcRn transgenic mice. Moreover, MJF1-PFc29 elicited higher tumor growth inhibition in colorectal cancer xenograft mice compared to MJF1. Our results demonstrate that the engineered human anti-ETA antibody MJF1-PFc29 has great therapeutic potential and high antitumor potency against various types of cancers including colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seok Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Ahn
- Targeted Therapy Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Na
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Ko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Migyeong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Munsu Kyung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Su Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jae Kim
- Targeted Therapy Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iori S, Pauletto M, Bassan I, Bonsembiante F, Gelain ME, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A, Dacasto M, Giantin M. Deepening the Whole Transcriptomics of Bovine Liver Cells Exposed to AFB1: A Spotlight on Toll-like Receptor 2. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070504. [PMID: 35878242 PMCID: PMC9323327 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a food contaminant metabolized mostly in the liver and leading to hepatic damage. Livestock species are differently susceptible to AFB1, but the underlying mechanisms of toxicity have not yet been fully investigated, especially in ruminants. Thus, the aim of the present study was to better characterize the molecular mechanism by which AFB1 exerts hepatotoxicity in cattle. The bovine fetal hepatocyte cell line (BFH12) was exposed for 48 h to three different AFB1 concentrations (0.9 µM, 1.8 µM and 3.6 µM). Whole-transcriptomic changes were measured by RNA-seq analysis, showing significant differences in the expression of genes mainly involved in inflammatory response, oxidative stress, drug metabolism, apoptosis and cancer. As a confirmatory step, post-translational investigations on genes of interest were implemented. Cell death associated with necrosis rather than apoptosis events was noted. As far as the toxicity mechanism is concerned, a molecular pathway linking inflammatory response and oxidative stress was postulated. Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, consequent to AFB1 exposure, triggers an intracellular signaling cascade involving a kinase (p38β MAPK), which in turn allows the nuclear translocation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB, finally leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, a p38β MAPK negative role in cytoprotective genes regulation was postulated. Overall, our investigations improved the actual knowledge on the molecular effects of this worldwide relevant natural toxin in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Iori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Irene Bassan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.P.); (I.B.); (F.B.); (M.E.G.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-2946
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chok KC, Ng CH, Koh RY, Ng KY, Chye SM. The potential therapeutic actions of melatonin in colorectal cancer. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 39:hmbci-2019-0001. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and lethal disease worldwide. Melatonin, an indoleamine produced in pineal gland, shows anticancer effects on a variety of cancers, especially CRC. After clarifying the pathophysiology of CRC, the association of circadian rhythm with CRC, and the relationship between shift work and the incidence of CRC is reviewed. Next, we review the role of melatonin receptors in CRC and the relationship between inflammation and CRC. Also included is a discussion of the mechanism of gene regulation, control of cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, antiangiogenesis and immunomodulation in CRC by melatonin. A review of the drug synergy of melatonin with other anticancer drugs suggests its usefulness in combination therapy. In summary, the information compiled may serve as comprehensive reference for the various mechanisms of action of melatonin against CRC, and as a guide for the design of future experimental research and for advancing melatonin as a therapeutic agent for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Chung Chok
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Chew Hee Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , Phone: +6032731 7220; Fax: +60386567229
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narayan T, Kumar S, Kumar S, Augustine S, Yadav BK, Malhotra BD. Protein functionalised self assembled monolayer based biosensor for colon cancer detection. Talanta 2019; 201:465-473. [PMID: 31122452 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based label-free immunosensor for real-time monitoring of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a colon cancer biomarker. A gold disk modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) was functionalised via covalent immobilization of monoclonal anti-ET-1 antibodies using EDC-NHS (1-(3-(dimethylamine)-propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, N-hydroxy succinimide) chemistry. This immunosensing platform (ethanolamine/anti-ET-1/11-MUA/Au) was characterized via atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques. The fabricated SPR electrode was further used to detect ET-1 in the broad concentration range 2-100 pg mL-1, with a detection limit of 0.30 pg mL-1 and remarkable sensitivity of 2.18 mo pg-1mL. The adsorption mechanism was studied using monophasic model and the values of association (ka) and dissociation (kd) constants for anti-ET-1 and ET-1 binding were calculated to be 4.4 ± 0.4 × 105 M-1 s-1 and 2.04 ± 0.0003 × 10-3 s-1, respectively. The results obtained via analysis of serum samples of colorectal cancer patients were found to be in good agreement with those obtained from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Further, electrochemical studies were performed to prove the efficacy of the fabricated platform as a point of care device for the detection of ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Narayan
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India; Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Suveen Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Shine Augustine
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - B K Yadav
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, 110085, India; National Liver Disease Biobank, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, 110070 India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gil-Martín E, Egea J, Reiter RJ, Romero A. The emergence of melatonin in oncology: Focus on colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2239-2285. [PMID: 30950095 DOI: 10.1002/med.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the last few decades, melatonin has increasingly emerged in clinical oncology as a naturally occurring bioactive molecule with substantial anticancer properties and a pharmacological profile optimal for joining the currently available pharmacopeia. In addition, extensive experimental data shows that this chronobiotic agent exerts oncostatic effects throughout all stages of tumor growth, from initial cell transformation to mitigation of malignant progression and metastasis; additionally, melatonin alleviates the side effects and improves the welfare of radio/chemotherapy-treated patients. Thus, the support of clinicians and oncologists for the use of melatonin in both the treatment and proactive prevention of cancer is gaining strength. Because of its epidemiological importance and symptomatic debut in advanced stages of difficult clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preferential target for testing new therapies. In this regard, the development of effective forms of clinical intervention for the improvement of CRC outcome, specifically metastatic CRC, is urgent. At the same time, the need to reduce the costs of conventional anti-CRC therapy results is also imperative. In light of this status quo, the therapeutic potential of melatonin, and the direct and indirect critical processes of CRC malignancy it modulates, have aroused much interest. To illuminate the imminent future on CRC research, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple oncostatic actions displayed by melatonin in the onset and evolution of CRC and summarized epidemiological evidence, as well as in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings that support the broadly protective potential demonstrated by melatonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aydin AF, Vural P, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Çil E. The endothelin 1 and endothelin receptor A gene polymorphisms increase the risk of developing papillary thyroid cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:199-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
7
|
Arun C, Swift B, Porter KE, West KP, London NJM, Hemingway DM. The Role of Big Endothelin-1 in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 17:268-74. [PMID: 12521131 DOI: 10.1177/172460080201700407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Changes in liver blood flow caused by an unknown splanchnic vasoconstrictor have been noted in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. This prospective study was performed to assess whether plasma levels of big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) were raised in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Plasma samples from peripheral vein of patients who underwent surgery for primary colorectal cancer (n=60) and those with known colorectal liver metastases (n=45) for a period of 15 months were taken prior to treatment and compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n=20). Plasma samples were analysed by using a single-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation were also performed on tumour sections to investigate the expression of ET-1 by cancer cells. Results The median (range) plasma concentration of big ET-1 in controls was 2.1 pg/mL (1.2–13.4 pg/mL). The median (range) plasma concentration of big ET-1 in colorectal cancer patients with no overt hepatic metastases was 3.8 pg/mL (1.2–15.8 pg/mL), p=0.002, and the median (range) plasma concentration of big ET-1 in colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastases was 5.2 pg/mL (1.7–30 pg/mL), p=0.0001; both were significantly elevated compared to the control group. A significant difference in immunostaining for big ET-1 was noted between paired normal colonic mucosa (median score-1) and tumour sections (median score-3), p=0.01. Conclusion This study has demonstrated elevated concentrations of big ET-1 in colorectal cancer patients, especially in those with hepatic metastases. Upregulation of ET activity in colorectal cancer could be inferred by the increased immunostaining of big ET-1 in cancer cells. Therefore, plasma big ET-1 levels should be evaluated as a potential tumour marker for the identification of hepatic metastases at an earlier stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Arun
- University Department of Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blocking endothelin-1-receptor/β-catenin circuit sensitizes to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1811-1820. [PMID: 28708138 PMCID: PMC5596423 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited clinical response to conventional chemotherapeutics observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) may be related to the connections between the hyperactivated β-catenin signaling and other pathways in CRC stem-like cells (CRC-SC). Here, we show the mechanistic link between the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/ET-1 receptor (ET-1R) signaling and β-catenin pathway through the specific interaction with the signal transducer β-arrestin1 (β-arr1), which initiates signaling cascades as part of the signaling complex. Using a panel of patient-derived CRC-SC, we show that these cells secrete ET-1 and express ETAR and β-arr1, and that the activation of ETAR/β-arr1 axis promotes the cross-talk with β-catenin signaling to sustain stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and response to chemotherapy. Upon ETAR activation, β-arr1 acts as a transcription co-activator that binds β-catenin, thereby promoting nuclear complex with β-catenin/TFC4 and p300 and histone acetylation, inducing chromatin reorganization on target genes, such as ET-1. The enhanced transcription of ET-1 increases the self-sustained ET-1/β-catenin network. All these findings provide a strong rationale for targeting ET-1R to hamper downstream β-catenin/ET-1 autocrine circuit. Interestingly, treatment with macitentan, a dual ETAR and ETBR antagonist, able to interfere with tumor and microenvironment, disrupts the ET-1R/β-arr1-β-catenin interaction impairing pathways involved in cell survival, EMT, invasion, and enhancing sensitivity to oxaliplatin (OX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In CRC-SC xenografts, the combination of macitentan and OX or 5-FU enhances the therapeutic effects of cytotoxic drugs. Together, these results provide mechanistic insight into how ET-1R coopts β-catenin signaling and offer a novel therapeutic strategy to manage CRC based on the combination of macitentan and chemotherapy that might benefit patients whose tumors show high ETAR and β-catenin expression.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lohsiriwat V, Scholefield JH, Wilson VG, Dashwood MR. Endothelin-1 and its receptors on haemorrhoidal tissue: a potential site for therapeutic intervention. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:569-579. [PMID: 28095606 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haemorrhoids is a common anorectal condition affecting millions worldwide. We have studied the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the role of endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in haemorrhoid tissue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Protein expression of ET-1, ETA and ETB receptors were compared between haemorrhoids and normal rectal submucosa using Western blot analysis, with the localization of proteins determined by autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. Effects of ET-1 and sarafotoxin 6a on human colonic and rectal arteries and veins was assessed by wire myography and the involvement of receptor subtypes established by selective antagonists. KEY RESULTS Dense binding of [125 I]-ET-1 to haemorrhoidal sections was reduced by selective receptor antagonists. A higher density of ETB than ETA receptors was found in haemorrhoidal, than in control rectal tissue and confirmed by Western blot analysis. ETA and ETB receptors were localized to smooth muscle of haemorrhoidal arteries and veins, with ETB receptors on the endothelium. Human colonic and rectal arteries and veins were similarly sensitive to ET-1 and affected by the ETA selective antagonist, but sarafotoxin S6a-induced contractions were more pronounced in veins and antagonized by a selective ETB receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ETA and ETB receptors are present in human haemorrhoids with ETB receptors predominating. ETA receptors are activated by ET-1 to mediate a contraction in arteries and veins, but the latter are selectively activated by sarafotoxin S6a - a response that involves ETB receptors at low concentrations. Selective ETB agonists may have therapeutic potential to reduce congestion of the haemorrhoidal venous sinusoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varut Lohsiriwat
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John H Scholefield
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vincent G Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael R Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Non-HLA Antibodies May Accelerate Immune Responses After Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:141-149. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
11
|
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces resistance to bortezomib in human multiple myeloma cells via a pathway involving the ETB receptor and upregulation of proteasomal activity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2141-58. [PMID: 27530445 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bortezomib (BTZ) is used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, a significant proportion of patients may be refractory to the drug. This study aimed to investigate whether the endothelin (ET-1) axis may act as an escape mechanism to treatment with bortezomib in MM cells. METHODS NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226 (human MM cell lines) were cultured with or without ET-1, BTZ, and inhibitors of the endothelin receptors. ET-1 levels were determined by ELISA, while the protein levels of its receptors and of the PI3K and MAPK pathways' components by western blot. Effects of ET-1 on cell proliferation were studied by MTT and on the ubiquitin proteasome pathway by assessing the chymotryptic activity of the 20S proteasome in cell lysates. RESULTS Endothelin receptors A and B (ETAR and ETBR, respectively) were found to be expressed in both cell lines, with the RPMI-8226 cells that are considered resistant to BTZ, expressing higher levels of ETBR and in addition secreting ET-1. Treatment of the NCI-H929 cells with ET-1 increased proliferation, while co-incubation of these cells with ET-1 and BTZ decreased BTZ efficacy with concomitant upregulation of 20S proteasomal activity. Si-RNA silencing or chemical blockade of ETBR abrogated the protective effects of ET-1. Finally, data suggest that the predominant signaling pathway involved in ET-1/ETBR-induced BTZ resistance in MM cells may be the MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a possible role of the ET-1/ETBR axis in regulating the sensitivity of MM cells to BTZ. Thus, combining bortezomib with strategies to target the ET-1 axis could prove to be a novel promising therapeutic approach in MM.
Collapse
|
12
|
Okan G, Yıldız Z, Gökdemir G, Yorulmaz E, Vural P, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. G-231A and G+70C Polymorphisms of Endothelin Receptor Type-A Gene could Affect the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Score and Endothelin 1 Levels. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:211. [PMID: 25814726 PMCID: PMC4372930 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.152561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The etiopathogenesis of psoriasis has not been clearly elucidated although the role of chronic inflammation, imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and many immunological events have been established. Endothelin 1 (EDN1) and endothelin receptor type-A (EDNRA) are implicated in the inflammatory process. The relationships between EDN1 and EDNRA polymorphisms with several diseases have been found. Aims and Objectives: This study examined the possible association of EDN1 (G5665T and T-1370G) and EDNRA (G-231A and G + 70C) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the occurence of psoriasis, and evaluated the relationship between genotypes and clinical/laboratory manifestation of psoriasis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed genotype and allele distributions of the above-mentioned polymorphisms in 151 patients with psoriasis and 152 healthy controls by real-time PCR combined with melting curve analysis. Results: We did not find significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of EDN1 T-1370G, EDNRA G-231A, and EDNRA G+70C polymorphisms between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score of EDNRA –231 polymorphic A allele carrying subjects (AA and AA + AG) was higher than that of wild homozygotes (P = 0.044 and P = 0.027, respectively). In addition, EDN1 levels in EDNRA+70 polymorphic C allele carriers (CC + CG) were elevated when compared with GG genotype; however, the difference was at borderline significance (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Although there were no associations between studied polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility, the PASI score and EDN1 levels seem to be affected by EDNRA G-231A and G + 70C polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Okan
- Medical Park Bahçelievler Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yıldız
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Gökdemir
- Okmeydanı Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Yorulmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Park Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Vural
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang HJ, Qian WQ, Chen R, Sun ZQ, Song JD, Sheng L. New Therapeutic Schedule for Prostatic Cancer-3 Cells with ET-1 RNAi and Endostar. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10079-83. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
14
|
León J, Casado J, Jiménez Ruiz SM, Zurita MS, González-Puga C, Rejón JD, Gila A, Muñoz de Rueda P, Pavón EJ, Reiter RJ, Ruiz-Extremera A, Salmerón J. Melatonin reduces endothelin-1 expression and secretion in colon cancer cells through the inactivation of FoxO-1 and NF-κβ. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:415-26. [PMID: 24628039 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine that is synthesised from tryptophan under the control of the enzymes arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). Melatonin inhibits colon cancer growth in both in vivo and in vitro models; however, a precise mechanism responsible for inhibiting tumour growth has not been clearly described. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide that acts as a survival factor in colon cancer, inducing cell proliferation, protecting carcinoma cells from apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis. The data presented show that melatonin inhibits edn-1 mRNA expression (the first step in ET-1 synthesis), ECE-1 protein expression and the release of ET-1 from colorectal cancer cells in vitro. ET-1 levels in cultured media present a similar inhibition pattern to that of edn-1 mRNA expression despite the inhibition of ECE-1 protein after melatonin treatment, which suggests that an endopeptidase other than ECE-1 could be mainly responsible for ET-1 synthesis. The inhibition of edn-1 expression is due to an inactivation of FoxO1 and NF-κβ transcription factors. FoxO1 inactivation is associated with an increased Src phosphorylation, due to elevated cAMP content and PKA activity, whereas NF-κβ inactivation is associated with the blockade of Akt and ERK phosphorylation due to the inhibition of PKC activity after melatonin treatment. Melatonin also inhibits edn-1 promoter activity regulated by FoxO1 and NF-κβ. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between AA-NAT and edn-1 expression downregulation in human colorectal cancer tissues. In conclusion, melatonin may be useful in treating colon carcinoma in which the activation of ET-1 plays a role in tumour growth and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa León
- Research Support Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Ciber of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu JW, Liao CY, Yang WY, Lin YM, Jin SLC, Wang HD, Yuh CH. Overexpression of endothelin 1 triggers hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish and promotes cell proliferation and migration through the AKT pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85318. [PMID: 24416389 PMCID: PMC3885696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis commonly involves the gradual progression from hepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Endothelin 1 (Edn1) has been identified as a gene that is significantly up-regulated in HBx-induced HCC in mice. In this study, we further investigated the role of edn1 in hepatocarcinogenesis using a transgenic zebrafish model and a cell culture system. Liver-specific edn1 expression caused steatosis, fibrosis, glycogen accumulation, bile duct dilation, hyperplasia, and HCC in zebrafish. Overexpression of EDN1 in 293T cells enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration in in vitro and xenotransplantation assays and was accompanied with up-regulation of several cell cycle/proliferation- and migration-specific genes. Furthermore, expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway-related mediators, such as spliced XBP1, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK, was also up-regulated at both the RNA and protein levels. In the presence of an EDN1 inhibitor or an AKT inhibitor, these increases were diminished and the EDN1-induced migration ability also was disappeared, suggesting that the EDN1 effects act through activation of the AKT pathway to enhance the UPR and subsequently activate the expression of downstream genes. Additionally, p-AKT is enhanced in the edn1 transgenic fish compared to the GFP-mCherry control. The micro RNA miR-1 was found to inhibit the expression of EDN1. We also observed an inverse correlation between EDN1 and miR-1 expression in HCC patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that EDN1 plays an important role in HCC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and is regulated by miR-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liao
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aydın AF, Develi-İş S, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Vural P, Ozderya A, Karadağ B, Uysal M. Polymorphisms of endothelin 1 (G5665T and T-1370G) and endothelin receptor type A (C+70G and G-231A) in Graves' disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:198-202. [PMID: 24291390 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelin 1 (EDN1) is a strong angiogenic and mitogenic factor, playing a key role in hypervascularization, thyroid follicle cell hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration in the thyroid gland of patients with Graves' disease (GD). EDN1 induces angiogenesis and mitogenesis via endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA). This study examined the possible association of EDN1 (G5665T and T-1370G) and EDNRA (C+70G and G-231A) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the occurrence of GD, and evaluates the relationship between genotypes and clinical/laboratory manifestations of GD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed genotype and allele distributions of EDN1 and EDNRA polymorphisms in 165 patients with GD and 181 healthy controls by real-time PCR combined with melting curve analysis. RESULTS No significant associations between GD and variant alleles of the studied polymorphisms were observed. However, the anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) levels in EDN1 G5665T GG genotype were higher than those in T allele carriers (GT+TT) (p=0.001 and p=0.026, respectively). In addition, anti-TPO levels in EDN1 T-1370G wild-type homozygous patients were found to be higher than in mutant gene carrying patients (GT+GG) (p=0.006). The presence of EDNRA+70G allele was associated with 3.37-fold increased risk for development of ophthalmopathy in GD patients (p=0.009). CONCLUSION Although there were no associations between EDN1 (G5665T and T-1370G) and EDNRA (C+70G and G-231A) SNPs and susceptibility to GD, EDN1 G5665T and T-1370G polymorphisms were related to alterations of autoantibody production and EDNRA C+70G polymorphism is related with increased risk for ophthalmopathy in GD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fatih Aydın
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Develi-İş
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Vural
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşenur Ozderya
- Şişli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Şişli, 34387 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrin Karadağ
- Şişli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Şişli, 34387 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haque SU, Dashwood MR, Heetun M, Shiwen X, Farooqui N, Ramesh B, Welch H, Savage FJ, Ogunbiyi O, Abraham DJ, Loizidou M. Efficacy of the specific endothelin a receptor antagonist zibotentan (ZD4054) in colorectal cancer: a preclinical study. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1556-67. [PMID: 23723122 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is overexpressed in cancer, contributing to disease progression. We previously showed that ET-1 stimulated proliferative, migratory, and contractile tumorigenic effects via the ET(A) receptor. Here, for the first time, we evaluate zibotentan, a specific ET(A) receptor antagonist, in the setting of colorectal cancer, in cellular models. Pharmacologic characteristics were further determined in patient tissues. Colorectal cancer lines (n = 4) and fibroblast strains (n = 6), isolated from uninvolved areas of colorectal cancer specimens, were exposed to ET-1 and/or ET(A)/(B) receptor antagonists. Proliferation (methylene blue), migration (scratch wounds), and contraction (gel lattices) were assessed. Receptor distribution and binding characteristics (K(d), B(max)) were determined using autoradiography on tissue sections and homogenates and cytospun cells, supported by immunohistochemistry. Proliferation was inhibited by ET(A) (zibotentan > BQ123; P < 0.05), migration by ET(B) > ET(A), and contraction by combined ET(A) and ET(B) antagonism. Intense ET-1 stromal binding correlated with fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Colorectal cancer lines and fibroblasts revealed high density and affinity ET-1 binding (B(max) = 2.435 fmol/1 × 10(6) cells, K(d) = 367.7 pmol/L; B(max) = 3.03 fmol/1 × 10(6) cells, K(d) = 213.6 pmol/L). In cancer tissues, ET(A) receptor antagonists (zibotentan; BQ123) reduced ET-1 binding more effectively (IC(50): 0.1-10 μmol/L) than ET(B) receptor antagonist BQ788 (∼IC(50), 1 mmol/L). ET-1 stimulated cancer-contributory processes. Its localization to tumor stroma, with greatest binding/affinity to fibroblasts, implicates these cells in tumor progression. ET(A) receptor upregulation in cancer tissues and its role in tumorigenic processes show the receptor's importance in therapeutic targeting. Zibotentan, the most specific ET(A) receptor antagonist available, showed the greatest inhibition of ET-1 binding. With its known safety profile, we provide evidence for zibotentan's potential role as adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer-ul Haque
- Cancer Nanotechnology Group, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Drygiannakis I, Valatas V, Sfakianaki O, Bourikas L, Manousou P, Kambas K, Ritis K, Kolios G, Kouroumalis E. Proinflammatory cytokines induce crosstalk between colonic epithelial cells and subepithelial myofibroblasts: implication in intestinal fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:286-300. [PMID: 22578910 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colonic epithelial cells and adjacent subepithelial myofibroblasts are important counterparts in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. We investigated the possible crosstalk between them, whilst focusing on the mucosal inflammation pathways that potentially trigger intestinal fibrosis. METHODS We studied the effects of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, TNF-α, IFN-γ) on human colonic epithelial cell lines and the effects of epithelial cell-conditioned media on primary human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts isolated from normal controls or patients with inflammatory Crohn's disease along with the corresponding 18CO cell line. Readouts included production of TGF-β and TIMP-1, total collagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and myofibroblast migration/mobility. RESULTS Proinflammatory cytokines upregulated TGF-β and TIMP-1 in colonic epithelial cells. Conditioned medium from these epithelial cell cultures induced production of MMP-9 and collagen and inhibited the migration/mobility of subepithelial myofibroblasts. MMP-9 production depended on endothelin receptor A signalling on responding myofibroblasts. Collagen up-regulation was independent of TGF-β, CTGF, TF and endothelin. Subepithelial myofibroblasts isolated from Crohn's disease patients had similar responses to those isolated from normal controls, with the exception of higher basal collagen production. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that colonic epithelial cells may respond to an inflammatory milieu by inducing myofibroblast functions similar to those observed during intestinal fibrosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li D, Yang P, Li H, Cheng P, Zhang L, Wei D, Su X, Peng J, Gao H, Tan Y, Zhao Z, Li Y, Qi Z, Rui Y, Zhang T. MicroRNA-1 inhibits proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells by targeting endothelin-1. Life Sci 2012; 91:440-447. [PMID: 22963810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) has been demonstrated as a tumor-suppressive miRNA, which shows a down-regulated pattern in several human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the pathophysiologic roles of miR-1 and their mechanisms in HCC tumorigenesis are still not totally elucidated. MAIN METHODS Pre-miR-1 was cloned into pSuper plasmid to overexpress the miR-1 in hepatoma cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect miR-1, ET-1 mRNA and protein levels respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to investigate the binding site of miR-1 on 3'UTR of ET-1 mRNA. Proliferation of hepatoma cells was evaluated by MTT assay. KEY FINDINGS We observed that over-expression of miR-1 by miRNA-expressing plasmid transfection in HepG2 and Hep3B cells significantly reduced the proliferation of these cells. To explore the mechanism, we examined the potential target genes of miR-1 by bioinformatics. A potent mitogen, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), attracted our attention. Elevated expression of ET-1 but reduced miR-1 level was detected both in human liver cancer tissues and in hepatoma cell lines using Western Blot and miRNA real-time PCR respectively. By the over-expression and inhibition of miR-1 in HepG2 and Hep3B, we confirmed that miR-1 negatively regulated ET-1 expression in hepatoma cells. A luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-1 regulation was established by pairing to a complementary binding site within the ET-1 3'UTR. Finally, attenuated proliferation of hepatoma cells by over-expression of miR-1 could be partially restored by exogenous ET-1 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that miR-1 could inhibit ET-1 expression to attenuate the proliferation of hepatoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Peng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Zhongchun Qi
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Yaocheng Rui
- Department of Pharmacology and School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Si Chuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee K, Jung Y, Lee JY, Lee WK, Lim D, Yu YG. Purification and characterization of recombinant human endothelin receptor type A. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 84:14-8. [PMID: 22561246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human endothelin receptor type A (ET(A)) is a G-protein coupled receptor that mediates vasoconstriction of blood vessels. To determine the structural characteristics and signaling mechanism of ET(A), we have expressed recombinant ET(A) as a fusion protein with p9 envelope protein from phi6 bacteriophage. The His-tag-labeled p9-ET(A) fusion protein was highly expressed in the membrane fraction of Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by single affinity chromatography after solubilization with detergents. Purified p9-ET(A) appeared as an oligomer and presented mainly as an α-helical structure. The protein also showed specific binding to endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the alpha subunit of G(q) protein with apparent K(D) values of 17 and 20 nM, respectively. An antagonist of ET(A), bosentan, prevented the interaction between p9-ET(A) and ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that recombinant p9-ET(A) has a competent conformation for interactions with ET-1 and the alpha subunit of G(q) protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangkyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 861-1 Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liakou P, Tepetes K, Germenis A, Leventaki V, Atsaves V, Patsouris E, Roidis N, Hatzitheophilou K, Rassidakis GZ. Expression patterns of endothelin-1 and its receptors in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 105:643-9. [PMID: 22213082 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstricting peptide, plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Previous in vitro studies have shown that colorectal cancer cells produce ET-1. METHODS ET-1 and its receptors ET-A (ET(A) R) and ET-B (ET(B) R) were analyzed in colorectal cancer cell lines and tumors by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Also, ET-1 levels were measured by ELISA in blood samples collected before and after tumor resection. RESULTS ET-1 was immunohistochemically expressed by tumor cells at a variable level in 39 cases tested. The adjacent normal mucosa was negative for ET-1 expression. Strong ET(A) R expression observed in the deeper infiltrating areas at the periphery of neoplastic tissue correlated significantly with tumor stage. ET(B) R levels were very low or undetectable. Western blot analysis in paired (normal, tumor) fresh-frozen samples of colorectal cancers and in four colon carcinoma cell lines confirmed these findings. In addition, lower levels of ET-1 in the peripheral circulation after the tumor resection were found by ELISA as compared to those observed before surgery. CONCLUSIONS ET-1 and ET(A) R, but not ET(B) R, are expressed at a higher level in primary and cultured colon carcinoma cells as compared to normal colon mucosa cells. Further functional studies are needed to explore the role of ET-1/ET(A) R axis in colon carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lloyd GM, Neal CP, Arun C, London NJM, Hemingway DM. The prognostic value of circulating big endothelin-1 in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13:290-5. [PMID: 19906052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Elevated circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been demonstrated in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of plasma big ET-1, the stable precursor of ET-1, in cancer-specific survival in patients having curative surgery for CRC. METHOD Seventy-seven patients undergoing potentially curative surgery for CRC between January 2000 and January 2001 were studied. Clinicopathological data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database including long-term follow-up information (median follow up 84 months). The influence of plasma big ET-1 and clinicopathological variables upon over cancer-specific survival was determined by univariate and multivariable analysis. RESULTS On univariate analysis, advanced Dukes' stage, tumour size and patient age were associated with shortened overall survival. Advanced Dukes' stage was the only factor associated with shortened survival on multivariable analysis. Plasma big ET-1 showed no association with either overall or cancer-specific survival following CRC resection. CONCLUSION Plasma big ET-1 appears to have no prognostic value in primary CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Lloyd
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The 21-amino-acid peptide ET-1 (endothelin-1) regulates a diverse array of physiological processes, including vasoconstriction, angiogenesis, nociception and cell proliferation. Most of the effects of ET-1 are associated with an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. The calcium influx and mobilization pathways activated by ET-1, however, vary immensely. The present review begins with the basics of calcium signalling and investigates the different ways intracellular calcium concentration can increase in response to a stimulus. The focus then shifts to ET-1, and discusses how ET receptors mobilize calcium. We also examine how disease alters calcium-dependent responses to ET-1 by discussing changes to ET-1-mediated calcium signalling in hypertension, as there is significant interest in the role of ET-1 in this important disease. A list of unanswered questions regarding ET-mediated calcium signals are also presented, as well as perspectives for future research of calcium mobilization by ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu DY, Wu B, Li ZQ, Wang QP, Zhang Y, Xue F, Ji JF. Expression of endothelin receptor subtypes in the spiral ganglion neurons of the guinea pig. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 74:164-7. [PMID: 19959247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelin 1 has many biological activities including regulating the functions of auditory system. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of the endothelin receptors in spiral ganglion neurons and its significance in the auditory transmission. METHODS The cochleae of healthy guinea pigs were fixed, decalcified, embedded in paraffin and serially sectioned. The expression of endothelin receptor subunits, ET receptor A (ET-A) and ET receptor B (ET-B), was examined in the spiral ganglion neurons of guinea pig using immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS Different degrees of ET-A and ET-B positive reactivity appeared in all spiral ganglion neurons from the basal turn to the apical turn. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the suggestion that endothelin via the endothelin receptor may play a physiological role in the spiral ganglion neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yuan Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang KM, Russell J, Lupu ME, Cho H, Li XF, Koutcher JA, Ling CC. Atrasentan (ABT-627) enhances perfusion and reduces hypoxia in a human tumor xenograft model. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1940-6. [PMID: 19717985 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.20.9595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelin-1 antagonist, Atrasentan (ABT-627) was used to modify perfusion in the human tumor xenograft model, HT29, growing in nude mice. Atrasentan produced a significant increase in perfusion, as measured in vivo by Gd-DTPA DCE-MRI. Changes in tumor hypoxia were assessed by comparing the binding of two hypoxia tracers, pimonidazole and EF5 given before and after Atrasentan administration. In vehicle-treated controls, the distribution of EF5 and pimonidazole was very similar. However, Atrasentan treatment was associated with decreased uptake of the second hypoxia tracer (EF5), relative to the first (pimonidazole). Although Atrasentan had no independent effect on the growth of HT29 tumors, Atrasentan combined with 20 Gy radiation led to a modest but significant increase in tumor growth delay compared to radiation alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Mo Yang
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weydert CJ, Esser AK, Mejia RA, Drake JM, Barnes JM, Henry MD. Endothelin-1 inhibits prostate cancer growth in vivo through vasoconstriction of tumor-feeding arterioles. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:720-9. [PMID: 19242129 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.8.7922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in promoting the progression of prostate and other cancers though its precise mechanism(s)-of-action remain unclear. To better define the role of ET-1 in prostate cancer progression, we generated prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and 22Rv1) that express elevated levels of ET-1. As anticipated, increased ET-1 lead to modest autocrine growth stimulation of PC-3 cells in monolayer culture and increased colony formation in soft agar by both cell lines. Unexpectedly, however, metastatic colonization of 22Rv1 cells expressing elevated levels of ET-1 was reduced, as was the size of subcutaneous tumors produced by both 22Rv1- and PC-3 cells. Based on these data, we hypothesized that high levels of ET-1 may negatively impact the tumor microenvironment. We found that increased ET-1 expression did not consistently inhibit angiogenesis, indicating that this was not the cause of poor tumor growth. As an alternative explanation, we examined whether elevated ET-1 results in local vasoconstriction and thus reduces the blood supply available to the tumor. Consistent with this hypothesis, treatment of mice bearing PC-3 xenografts with a vasodilator increased tumor perfusion and partially restored tumor growth. Moreover, analysis of tumor vascular casts indicated vasoconstriction of tumor-feeding arterioles. Taken together, our data suggest that the local concentration of the ET-1 peptide is critical for determining a balance between its previously unrecognized tumor growth-suppressing activity (vasoconstriction) and known growth-promoting (mitogenesis, survival and angiogenesis) activities. These findings may have implications for the modification of current prostate cancer therapies involving ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Weydert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kandalaft LE, Facciabene A, Buckanovich RJ, Coukos G. Endothelin B receptor, a new target in cancer immune therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4521-8. [PMID: 19567593 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endothelins and their G protein-coupled receptors A and B have been implicated in numerous diseases and have recently emerged as pivotal players in a variety of malignancies. Tumors overexpress the endothelin 1 (ET-1) ligand and the endothelin-A-receptor (ET(A)R). Their interaction induces tumor growth and metastasis by promoting tumor cell survival and proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. On the basis of results from xenograft models, drug development efforts have focused on antagonizing the autocrine-paracrine effects mediated by ET-1/ET(A)R. In this review, we discuss a novel role of the endothelin-B-receptor (ET(B)R) in tumorigenesis and the effect of its blockade during cancer immune therapy. We highlight key characteristics of the B receptor such as its specific overexpression in the tumor compartment; and specifically, in the tumor endothelium, where its activation by ET-1 suppresses T-cell adhesion and homing to tumors. We also review our recent findings on the effects of ET(B)R-specific blockade in increasing T-cell homing to tumors and enhancing the efficacy of otherwise ineffective immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Kandalaft
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Smollich M, Wülfing P. Targeting the endothelin system: novel therapeutic options in gynecological, urological and breast cancers. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8:1481-93. [PMID: 18759699 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.9.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endothelin system comprises the three peptide hormones endothelin (ET)-1, -2, -3, their G protein-coupled receptors, endothelin-A-receptor (ET(A)R) and endothelin-B-receptor (ET(B)R), and the enzymes of endothelin biosynthesis and degradation. In the past two decades, an impressive amount of data has been accumulated investigating the role of the endothelin system in a variety of malignancies. In many cancers, ET-1/ET(A)R interaction induces proliferation, angiogenesis, antiapoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Data indicate a pivotal role of the endothelin system in tumorigenesis, local progression and metastasis. Subsequently, novel drugs have been designed inhibiting ET-1 biosynthesis or ET(A)R interaction. A wide range of preclinical data is available on the role of ET(A)R antagonists in gynecological, urological and breast cancers providing evidence for their antiangiogenic, proapoptotic and growth inhibitory effects. Of particular interest is the anti-invasive and antimetastatic efficacy of ET(A)R antagonists and synergism when co-administered with established cancer therapies. Data indicate a future role of ET(A)R antagonists in oncologic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Smollich
- University of Münster, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48129, Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoosein MM, Dashwood MR, Dawas K, Ali HMMDA, Grant K, Savage F, Taylor I, Loizidou M. Altered endothelin receptor subtypes in colorectal cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:775-82. [PMID: 17700263 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282c563de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts via two endothelin receptor subtypes, ETA (ETAR) and ETB (ETBR). ET-1 and ETAR are overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues. In vitro, ET-1 acting via ETAR, is a mitogen for colorectal cancer cells. To identify other potential stimulatory loops, we investigated the distribution and cell-specific localization of both ETAR and ETBR in tissue sections from patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Frozen sections from specimens of colorectal cancer (n=9) and normal colon (n=9) were cut and subjected to either (i) autoradiography or (ii) a combination of cell type-specific immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against fibroblasts (AS02), endothelial cells (CD31) or nerve fibres (NF200) and in-vitro receptor microautoradiography, using ETAR-specific and ETBR-specific radioligands. RESULTS ETARs were upregulated in all cell types, apart from nerve, in cancer compared with normal colon (1:1.59 normal to cancer). Specifically, ETAR binding was highest in cancer-associated blood vessels and fibroblasts and to a lesser extent in epithelial cancer cells. In contrast, ETBRs were the predominant receptors in normal colon (1:0.59 normal to cancer) and were markedly down-regulated in cancer-associated blood vessels, fibroblasts and to a lesser extent in epithelial cells. Nerve colocalization was demonstrated, but remained unchanged for all tissues. CONCLUSION The shift in ET receptor binding observed in epithelial cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells may favour ET-1 signals contributing to colorectal cancer growth and neovascularization via ETAR. This may provide the basis for therapeutic use of specific ETAR antagonists as adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moinuddin M Hoosein
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grant K, Knowles J, Dawas K, Burnstock G, Taylor I, Loizidou M. Mechanisms of endothelin 1-stimulated proliferation in colorectal cancer cell lines. Br J Surg 2006; 94:106-12. [PMID: 17078114 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The peptide endothelin (ET) 1 promotes proliferation in a number of epithelial cancers. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of ET-1-stimulated proliferation in colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
Methods
The effects of ET-1 on colorectal cancer cell lines HT29, LIM1215 and SW620 were studied. Cells were cultured with ET-1 plus antagonists/inhibitors to ETA or ETB receptors, G protein subtypes, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or protein kinase C (PKC). DNA replication and apoptosis were investigated by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and Annexin V staining. Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was investigated by blockade of the receptor in the presence of ET-1, measurement of levels of phosphorylated EGF receptor in the presence of ET-1, and comparing the effects of ET-1 and EGF on cell proliferation.
Results
ET-1 significantly stimulated growth of all cell lines via ETA receptors. ET-1 stimulated DNA replication, not apoptosis. ET-1-stimulated growth was inhibited by antagonism of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, PI3K and PKC. Inhibition of the EGF receptor reduced the effect of ET-1. ET-1 increased levels of phosphorylated EGF receptor via the ETA receptor.
Conclusion
ET-1 increased DNA replication in colorectal cancer cells via the ETA receptor. This mitogenic action was mediated via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, PI3K, PKC and transactivation of the EGF receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Grant
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Anguelova E, Beuvon F, Leonard N, Chaverot N, Varlet P, Couraud PO, Daumas-Duport C, Cazaubon S. Functional endothelin ET B receptors are selectively expressed in human oligodendrogliomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 137:77-88. [PMID: 15950764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoactive and mitogenic peptide mainly produced by vascular endothelial cells, may be involved in the progression of several human tumors. Here, we present an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression pattern of ET-1 receptor subtypes (ET(A)-R and ET(B)-R) and a functional study of their potential role in human oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. By comparison, we assessed the corresponding expression patterns of glioblastomas. Interestingly, a nuclear localization of ET-1 receptor subtypes (associated or not with a cytoplasmic labeling) was constantly observed in tumor cells from all three glioma types. Moreover, we noted a distinct receptor distribution in the different gliomas: a nuclear expression of ET(B)-R by tumor cells was found to be restricted to oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas, while a nuclear expression of ET(A)-R was only detected in tumor cells from some glioblastomas. Using primary cultures of oligodendroglial tumor cells, we confirmed the selective expression of nuclear ET(B)-R, together with a plasma membrane expression, and further demonstrated that this receptor was functionally coupled to intracellular signaling pathways known to be involved in cell survival and/or proliferation: extracellular signal-regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase activation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization. In addition, impairment of ET(B)-R activation in these cells by in vitro treatment with an ET(B)-R-specific antagonist induced cell death. These data point to ET-1 as a possible survival factor for oligodendrogliomas via ET(B)-R activation and suggest that ET(B)-R-specific antagonists might constitute a potential therapeutic alternative for oligodendrogliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Anguelova
- Department of Cell Biology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR 8104, IFR116, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Robin P, Chouayekh S, Bole-Feysot C, Leiber D, Tanfin Z. Contribution of phospholipase D in endothelin-1-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and proliferation in rat uterine leiomyoma cells. Biol Reprod 2004; 72:69-77. [PMID: 15355882 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.033852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is a mitogenic factor in numerous cell types, including rat myometrial cells. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of ET-1 in the proliferation of tumoral uterine smooth muscle cells (ELT-3 cells). We found that ET-1 exerted a more potent mitogenic effect in ELT-3 cells than in normal myometrial cells, as indicated by the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation, cell number, and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. The ET-1 was more efficient than platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor to stimulate proliferation. The ET-1-mediated cell proliferation was inhibited in the presence of U0126, a specific inhibitor of (mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK kinase), indicating that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation is involved. Additionally, ET-1 induced the activation of phospholipase (PL) D, leading to the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA). The ET-1-induced activation of PLD was twofold higher in ELT-3 cells compared to that in normal cells. The two cell types expressed mRNA for PLD1a and PLD2, whereas PLD1b was expressed only in ELT-3 cells. The exposure of cells to butan-1-ol reduced ET-1-mediated production of PA by PLD and partially inhibited ERK activation and DNA synthesis. Addition of exogenous PLD or PA in the medium reproduced the effect of ET-1 on ERK activation and cell proliferation. Collectively, these data indicate that ET-1 is a potent mitogenic factor in ELT-3 cells via a signaling pathway involving a PLD-dependent activation of ERK. This highlights the potential role of ET-1 in the development of uterine leiomyoma, and it reinforces the role of PLD in tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Robin
- Laboratoire de signalisation et régulations cellulaires, IBBMC, CNRS UMR 8619, Bat 430 Université Paris Sud, 91 405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pfab T, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Trautner C, Godes M, Bauer C, Hocher B. The endothelin system in Morris hepatoma-7777: an endothelin receptor antagonist inhibits growth in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 141:215-22. [PMID: 14662722 PMCID: PMC1574189 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Plasma concentrations of endothelin are increased in patients with hepatocellular cancer as well as in patients with liver metastasis. However, the impact of these findings remains uncertain. 2. We thus analyzed the endothelin system in a rat hepatoma model (Morris hepatoma 7777) in vitro and in vivo. 3. Our study revealed that tissue concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and big-ET-1, the precursor of ET-1, were significantly elevated in Morris hepatoma 7777 as compared to normal liver. The ETA receptor density was significantly elevated, whereas the density of the ETB receptor was decreased in Morris hepatoma 7777. 4. We could also demonstrate that hepatoma cells secrete ET-1. 5. Exogenously added ET-1 enhances hepatoma cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Endothelin receptor antagonists (ETA and combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonists) inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro. Since the combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist was more effective in vitro, we used this compound also for in vivo studies and could demonstrate that a combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist is able to reduce hepatoma growth in vivo. 6. In conclusion, the endothelin system is activated in Morris hepatoma 7777 and contributes to hepatoma growth. Since endothelin receptor antagonists are well-tolerated upcoming clinically used drugs without major side effects, our data might provide a new pharmacological approach to reduce hepatoma growth in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Pfab
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Department of Nephrology, Medical School Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Trautner
- Fachhochschule, Department of Health Care, Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Michael Godes
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Department of Nephrology, Medical School Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Department of Nephrology, Medical School Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Donckier JE, Michel L, Van Beneden R, Delos M, Havaux X. Increased expression of endothelin-1 and its mitogenic receptor ETA in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 59:354-60. [PMID: 12919159 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the isolation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in 1988, there has been tremendous interest in the pathophysiological roles of ET-1 as a vasoconstrictive and mitogenic peptide. Whereas ET-1 is mainly released by vascular endothelial cells, it also proved to be produced by various tissues including the thyroid. Because of its mitogenic properties in malignancy and its role as an inflammatory modulator, ET-1 could be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis and thyroiditis. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Studies were performed in human thyroid samples obtained at the time of surgery from 39 men and women aged 15-72 years. Thyroid samples were classified in four groups according to conventional histology: normal thyroid (n = 7) papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 12), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 9) and benign nontoxic nodular goitres (n = 11). Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of ET-1 and its receptors (ETAR and ETBR). RESULTS ET-1 and ETAR mRNA levels were, respectively, 3.8 +/- 1.3 and 4.1 +/- 1.5 times greater (P < 0.001) in papillary thyroid carcinoma than in normal thyroid. Expression of ETBR was unaltered. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ET-1 and ETAR were also overexpressed (P < 0.005). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated a greater percentage of ET-1-positive follicular cells in these conditions (P < 0.001). In nodular goitres, the expression was increased by 1.7 +/- 0.7 times (P < 0.05) but expression of receptors remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS ET-1 and ETAR overexpression observed in thyroid carcinoma suggest a mitogenic role of ET-1 that theoretically could be countered by ETAR antagonists. ET-1 and ETAR overexpression in thyroiditis supports a role of ET-1 in the inflammatory process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian E Donckier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-5530 Yvoir, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Endothelin-1 is a small vasoconstrictor peptide that was first identified in 1988. Here we review the evidence implicating ET-1 in tumorigenesis. In particular, we concentrate on the role of ET-1 in mitogenesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumour invasion and metastasis, and discuss the potential for endothelin-system modulation as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Grant
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, University College London, UK
| | - M Loizidou
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, University College London, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK. E-mail:
| | - I Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fagan KA, McMurtry IF, Rodman DM. Role of endothelin-1 in lung disease. Respir Res 2002; 2:90-101. [PMID: 11686871 PMCID: PMC59574 DOI: 10.1186/rr44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2000] [Accepted: 01/08/2001] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21 amino acid peptide with diverse biological activity that has been implicated in numerous diseases. ET-1 is a potent mitogen regulator of smooth muscle tone, and inflammatory mediator that may play a key role in diseases of the airways, pulmonary circulation, and inflammatory lung diseases, both acute and chronic. This review will focus on the biology of ET-1 and its role in lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Fagan
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Asham E, Shankar A, Loizidou M, Fredericks S, Miller K, Boulos PB, Burnstock G, Taylor I. Increased endothelin-1 in colorectal cancer and reduction of tumour growth by ET(A) receptor antagonism. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1759-63. [PMID: 11742499 PMCID: PMC2363991 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor peptide which stimulates proliferation in vitro in different cell types, including colorectal cancer cells. Raised ET-1 levels have been detected both on tissue specimens and in the plasma of patients with cancers. To investigate the role of ET-1 in colorectal cancer: (i) ET-1 plasma levels in patients with colorectal cancer were measured by radioimmunoassay: group 1 = controls (n = 22), group 2 = primary colorectal cancer only (n = 39), group 3 = liver metastases only (n = 26); (ii) ET-1 expression in primary colorectal cancer specimens (n =10) was determined immunohistochemically and (iii) the effect of intraportally infused antagonists to the two ET-1 receptors, ET(A) and ET(B), on the growth of liver metastases in a rat model was assessed. ET-1 plasma levels were significantly increased in both patients with primary tumour and patients with metastases, compared to controls (P < 0.01, 3.9 +/- 1.4, 4.5 +/- 1.5, vs. 2.75 +/- 1.37 pg/ml, respectively). Immunohistochemically, strong expression of ET-1 was found in the cytoplasm, stroma and blood vessels of cancers, unlike the normal colon where only the apical layer of the epithelium, vascular endothelial cells and surrounding stroma were positively stained. In the rat model, there was significant reduction in liver tumour weights compared to controls, following treatment with the ET(A) antagonist (BQ123) 30 min after the intraportal inoculation of tumour cells (P < 0.05). These results suggest ET-1 is produced by colorectal cancers and may play a role in the growth of colorectal cancer acting through ET(A) receptors. ET(A) antagonists are indicated as potential anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Asham
- Departments of Surgery, Histopathology, The Royal Free and University College Medical School, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|