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Xing Z, Li X, He J, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhang X, Huang Z, Tang J, Guo Y, He Y. OLFM4 modulates intestinal inflammation by promoting IL-22 +ILC3 in the gut. Commun Biol 2024; 7:914. [PMID: 39075283 PMCID: PMC11286877 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) play key roles in intestinal inflammation. Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is highly expressed in the colon and has a potential role in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the effects of OLFM4 on ILC3-mediated colitis remain unclear. In this study, we identify OLFM4 as a positive regulator of IL-22+ILC3. OLFM4 expression in colonic ILC3s increases substantially during intestinal inflammation in humans and mice. Compared to littermate controls, OLFM4-deficient (OLFM4-/-) mice are more susceptible to bacterial infection and display greater resistance to anti-CD40 induced innate colitis, together with impaired IL-22 production by ILC3, and ILC3s from OLFM4-/-mice are defective in pathogen resistance. Besides, mice with OLFM4 deficiency in the RORγt compartment exhibit the same trend as in OLFM4-/-mice, including colonic inflammation and IL-22 production. Mechanistically, the decrease in IL-22+ILC3 caused by OLFM4 deficiency involves the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)- p38 MAPK signaling-dependent downregulation of RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) protein. The OLFM4-metadherin (MTDH) complex upregulates p38/RORγt signaling, which is necessary for IL-22+ILC3 activation. The findings indicate that OLFM4 is a novel regulator of IL-22+ILC3 and essential for modulating intestinal inflammation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xing
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences); Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Department of Immunology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu He
- Department of Immunology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Immunology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Immunology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengcong Huang
- Department of Immunology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuxiong Guo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yumei He
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences); Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Immunology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Villegas-Novoa C, Wang Y, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Creation of a spatially complex mucus bilayer on an in vitro colon model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16849. [PMID: 39039235 PMCID: PMC11263341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is comprised of three-dimensional crypts (3D) lined with mucus secreted by a heterogeneous population of goblet cells. In this study, we report the formation of a long-lived, and self-renewing replica of human 3D crypts with a mucus layer patterned in the X-Y-Z dimensions. Primary colon cells were cultured on a shaped scaffold under an air-liquid interface to yield architecturally accurate crypts with a mucus bilayer (605 ± 180 μm thick) possessing an inner (149 ± 50 μm) and outer (435 ± 111 μm) region. Lectins with distinct carbohydrate-binding preferences demonstrated that the mucus in the intercrypt regions was chemically distinct from that above and within the crypts replicating in vivo chemical patterning. Constitutive mucus secretion ejected beads from crypt lumens in 8-10 days, while agonist-stimulated secretion increased mucus thickness by 17-fold in 8 h. The tissue was long-lived, > 50 days, the longest time assessed. In conclusion, the in vitro mucus replicated key physiology of the human mucus, including the bilayer (Z) structure and intercrypt-crypt (X-Y) zones, constitutive mucus flow, spatially complex chemical attributes, and mucus secretion response to stimulation, with the potential to reveal local and global determinants of mucus function and its breakdown in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher E Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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3
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Ouahed JD, Griffith A, Collen LV, Snapper SB. Breaking Down Barriers: Epithelial Contributors to Monogenic IBD Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1189-1206. [PMID: 38280053 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic causes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasingly being discovered. To date, much attention has been placed in those resulting from inborn errors of immunity. Therapeutic efforts have been largely focused on offering personalized immune modulation or curative bone marrow transplant for patients with IBD and underlying immune disorders. To date, less emphasis has been placed on monogenic causes of IBD that pertain to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of monogenic causes of IBD that result in impaired intestinal epithelial barrier that are categorized into 6 important functions: (1) epithelial cell organization, (2) epithelial cell intrinsic functions, (3) epithelial cell apoptosis and necroptosis, (4) complement activation, (5) epithelial cell signaling, and (6) control of RNA degradation products. We illustrate how impairment of any of these categories can result in IBD. This work reviews the current understanding of the genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier, the inheritance patterns that result in dysfunction, features of IBD resulting from these disorders, and pertinent translational work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie D Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren V Collen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Wei H, Li W, Zeng L, Ding N, Li K, Yu H, Jiang F, Yin H, Xia Y, Deng C, Cai N, Chen X, Gu L, Chen H, Zhang F, He Y, Li J, Zhang C. OLFM4 promotes the progression of intestinal metaplasia through activation of the MYH9/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:124. [PMID: 38849840 PMCID: PMC11157765 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is classified into complete intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IIM). Patients diagnosed with IIM face an elevated susceptibility to the development of gastric cancer, underscoring the critical need for early screening measures. In addition to the complexities associated with diagnosis, the exact mechanisms driving the progression of gastric cancer in IIM patients remain poorly understood. OLFM4 is overexpressed in several types of tumors, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers, and its expression has been associated with tumor progression. METHODS In this study, we used pathological sections from two clinical centers, biopsies of IM tissues, precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) cell models, animal models, and organoids to explore the role of OLFM4 in IIM. RESULTS Our results show that OLFM4 expression is highly increased in IIM, with superior diagnostic accuracy of IIM when compared to CDX2 and MUC2. OLFM4, along with MYH9, was overexpressed in IM organoids and PLGC animal models. Furthermore, OLFM4, in combination with Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), accelerated the ubiquitination of GSK3β and resulted in increased β-catenin levels through the Wnt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation and invasion abilities of PLGC cells. CONCLUSIONS OLFM4 represents a novel biomarker for IIM and could be utilized as an important auxiliary means to delimit the key population for early gastric cancer screening. Finally, our study identifies cell signaling pathways involved in the progression of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfa Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- The Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ni Ding
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Cuncan Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Nan Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiancong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Huanjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China.
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Bravo Iniguez A, Du M, Zhu MJ. α-Ketoglutarate for Preventing and Managing Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100200. [PMID: 38438107 PMCID: PMC11016550 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium lining the intestinal tract serves a multifaceted role. It plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and immune regulation and also acts as a protective barrier, separating underlying tissues from the gut lumen content. Disruptions in the delicate balance of the gut epithelium trigger inflammatory responses, aggravate conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, and potentially lead to more severe complications such as colorectal cancer. Maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis is vital for overall health, and there is growing interest in identifying nutraceuticals that can strengthen the intestinal epithelium. α-Ketoglutarate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, displays a variety of bioactive effects, including functioning as an antioxidant, a necessary cofactor for epigenetic modification, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This article presents a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the potential of α-ketoglutarate supplementation in preventing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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6
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Windhaber C, Heckl A, Csukovich G, Pratscher B, Burgener IA, Biermann N, Dengler F. A matter of differentiation: equine enteroids as a model for the in vivo intestinal epithelium. Vet Res 2024; 55:30. [PMID: 38493107 PMCID: PMC10943904 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on protein level in comparison to the native epithelium of the same donor horses to identify ideal culture conditions for an in vitro model system. With increasing enterocyte differentiation, the enteroids showed a reduced growth rate as well as a predominantly spherical morphology and less budding compared to enteroids in proliferation medium. Combined or individual withdrawal of stem cell niche pathway components resulted in lower mRNA expression levels of stem cell markers and concomitant differentiation of enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells. For eqCE, withdrawal of Wnt alone was sufficient for the generation of differentiated enterocytes with a close resemblance to the in vivo epithelium. Combined removal of Wnt, R-spondin and Noggin and the addition of DAPT stimulated differentiation of eqJE at a similar level as the in vivo epithelium, particularly with regard to enterocytes. In summary, we successfully defined a medium composition that promotes the formation of eqJE and eqCE consisting of multiple cell types and resembling the in vivo epithelium. Our findings emphasize the importance of adapting culture conditions to the respective species and the intestinal segment. This in vitro model will be used to investigate the pathological mechanisms underlying equine gastrointestinal disorders in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Windhaber
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Heckl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Csukovich
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Biermann
- Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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López-Posadas R, Bagley DC, Pardo-Pastor C, Ortiz-Zapater E. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1258859. [PMID: 38529406 PMCID: PMC10961468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1258859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease. In this review, we intend to focus on specific mechanisms driven by the epithelium that ensure barrier function. We will bring asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases into the spotlight, as we believe that these two diseases serve as pertinent examples of epithelium derived pathologies. Finally, we will argue how targeting the epithelium is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy that holds promise for addressing these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtiy Eralngen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Li J, Niu C, Ai H, Li X, Zhang L, Lang Y, Wang S, Gao F, Mei X, Yu C, Sun L, Huang Y, Zheng L, Wang G, Sun Y, Yang X, Song Z, Bao Y. TSP50 Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating TGF-β Signaling Mediated Maintenance of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Integrity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305893. [PMID: 38189580 PMCID: PMC10953580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is crucial for protecting the intestinal epithelium against invasion by commensal bacteria and pathogens, thereby combating colitis. The investigation revealed that the absence of TSP50 compromised the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier in murine subjects. This disruption facilitated direct contact between intestinal bacteria and the intestinal epithelium, thereby increasing susceptibility to colitis. Mechanistic analysis indicated that TSP50 deficiency in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) triggered aberrant activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and impeded the differentiation of goblet cells in mice, leading to impairment of mucosal permeability. By inhibiting the TGF-β pathway, the functionality of the intestinal mucosal barrier is successfully restored and mitigated colitis in TSP50-deficient mice. In conclusion, TSP50 played a crucial role in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier function and exhibited the preventive effect against the development of colitis by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Chunxue Niu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Huihan Ai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450000China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Yan Lang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Xianglin Mei
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130041China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Luguo Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Ying Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Yongli Bao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
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9
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Yang L, Ruan Z, Lin X, Wang H, Xin Y, Tang H, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Qin D, Lu G, Loomes KM, Chan WY, Liu X. NAD + dependent UPR mt activation underlies intestinal aging caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:546. [PMID: 38228611 PMCID: PMC10791663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging in mammals is accompanied by an imbalance of intestinal homeostasis and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. However, little is known about how accumulated mtDNA mutations modulate intestinal homeostasis. We observe the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the small intestine of aged male mice, suggesting an association with physiological intestinal aging. Using polymerase gamma (POLG) mutator mice and wild-type mice, we generate male mice with progressive mtDNA mutation burdens. Investigation utilizing organoid technology and in vivo intestinal stem cell labeling reveals decreased colony formation efficiency of intestinal crypts and LGR5-expressing intestinal stem cells in response to a threshold mtDNA mutation burden. Mechanistically, increased mtDNA mutation burden exacerbates the aging phenotype of the small intestine through ATF5 dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) activation. This aging phenotype is reversed by supplementation with the NAD+ precursor, NMN. Thus, we uncover a NAD+ dependent UPRmt triggered by mtDNA mutations that regulates the intestinal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haite Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-Jinan University Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kerry M Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-Jinan University Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Yang H, Huang YX, Xiong PY, Li JQ, Chen JL, Liu X, Gong YJ, Ding WJ. Possible connection between intestinal tuft cells, ILC2s and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1266667. [PMID: 38283340 PMCID: PMC10811205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells (TCs) are defined as chemosensory cells that can "taste" danger and induce immune responses. They play a critical role in gastrointestinal parasite invasion, inflammatory bowel diseases and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Intestinal IL-25, the unique product of TCs, is a key activator of type 2 immunity, especially to promote group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to secret IL-13. Then the IL-13 mainly promotes intestinal stem cell (ISCs) proliferation into TCs and goblet cells. This pathway formulates the circuit in the intestine. This paper focuses on the potential role of the intestinal TC, ILC2 and their circuit in obesity-induced intestinal damage, and discussion on further study and the potential therapeutic target in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Xing Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Lan Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ju Gong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zitter RC, Chugh RM, Bhanja P, Kimler BF, Saha S. LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells Display Sex-Dependent Radiosensitivity. Cells 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 38201250 PMCID: PMC10778194 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue radiosensitivity plays a critical role in the overall outcome of radiation therapy. Identifying characteristics that predict how a patient may respond to radiotherapy enables clinicians to maximize the therapeutic window. Limited clinical data have suggested a difference in male and female radiotherapy outcomes. Radiotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancy is still a challenge due to intestinal sensitivity to radiation toxicity. In this manuscript, we demonstrated sex-specific differences in intestinal epithelial radiosensitivity. In a mouse model of abdominal irradiation, we observed a significant increase in oxidative stress and injury in males compared to females. Lgr5+ve intestinal stem cells from male mice showed higher sensitivity to radiation-induced toxicity. However, sex-specific differences in intestinal radiosensitivity were not dependent on sex hormones, as we demonstrated similar sex-specific radiosensitivity differences in pre-pubescent mice. In an ex vivo study, we found that patient-derived intestinal organoid (PID) from males showed higher sensitivity to radiation compared to females as evident from loss of budding crypts, organoid size, and membrane integrity. Transcriptomic analysis of human Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells suggested radiation-induced upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in males compared to females, a possible mechanism for radiosensitivity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Zitter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Bruce F. Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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12
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Zitter RC, Chugh RM, Bhanja P, Saha S. LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells Display Sex Dependent Radiosensitivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570158. [PMID: 38106083 PMCID: PMC10723330 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiosensitivity, the susceptibility of cells to ionizing radiation, plays a critical role in understanding the effects of radiation therapy and exposure on tissue health and regeneration. Identifying characteristics that predict how a patient may respond to radiotherapy enables clinicians to maximize the therapeutic window. Limited clinical data suggested a difference in male and female radiotherapy outcomes. Radiotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancy is still a challenge due to intestinal sensitivity to radiation toxicity. In this manuscript, we demonstrated sex-specific differences in intestinal epithelial radiosensitivity. In mice models of abdominal irradiation, we observed a significant increase in oxidative stress and injury in males compared to females. Lgr5+ve intestinal stem cells from male mice showed higher sensitivity to radiation-induced toxicity. However, sex-specific differences in intestinal radiosensitivity are not dependent on sex hormones as we demonstrated similar sex-specific radiosensitivity differences in pediatric mice. In an ex-vivo study, we found that human patient-derived intestinal organoids (PID) derived from males showed higher sensitivity to irradiation compared to females as evidenced by loss of budding crypt, organoid size, and membrane integrity. Transcriptomic analysis of human Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells suggested radiation induced upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in males compared to females' possible mechanism for radiosensitivity differences.
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13
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Pike CM, Zwarycz B, McQueen BE, Castillo M, Barron C, Morowitz JM, Levi JA, Phadke D, Balik-Meisner M, Mav D, Shah R, Glasspoole DLC, Laetham R, Thelin W, Bunger MK, Boazak EM. Characterization and optimization of variability in a human colonic epithelium culture model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.559007. [PMID: 37790345 PMCID: PMC10542543 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have historically been poor preclinical predictors of gastrointestinal (GI) directed therapeutic efficacy and drug-induced GI toxicity. Human stem and primary cell-derived culture systems are a major focus of efforts to create biologically relevant models that enhance preclinical predictive value of intestinal efficacy and toxicity. The inherent variability in stem-cell-based complex cultures makes development of useful models a challenge; the stochastic nature of stem-cell differentiation interferes with the ability to build and validate robust, reproducible assays that query drug responses and pharmacokinetics. In this study, we aimed to characterize and reduce potential sources of variability in a complex stem cell-derived intestinal epithelium model, termed RepliGut® Planar, across cells from multiple human donors, cell lots, and passage numbers. Assessment criteria included barrier formation and integrity, gene expression, and cytokine responses. Gene expression and culture metric analyses revealed that controlling for stem/progenitor-cell passage number reduces variability and maximizes physiological relevance of the model. After optimizing passage number, donor-specific differences in cytokine responses were observed in a case study, suggesting biologic variability is observable in cell cultures derived from multiple human sources. Our findings highlight key considerations for designing assays that can be applied to additional primary-cell derived systems, as well as establish utility of the RepliGut® Planar platform for robust development of human-predictive drug-response assays.
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14
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Wang M, Li J, Wang D, Xin Y, Liu Z. The effects of mesenchymal stem cells on the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114373. [PMID: 36753960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been the third commonest cancer in the world. The prognosis of patients with CRC is related to the molecular subtypes and gene mutations, which is prone to recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of progenitor ones with the capabilities of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, and tissue re-population, which could be isolated from various kinds of tissues and be differentiated into diverse cell types. In recent years, MSCs are applied for mechanisms study of tissue repairing, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and autoimmune-related disease, and tumor development, with the advantages of anti-inflammation, multi-lineage differentiation, and homing capability. Integrating the chemotherapy and MSCs therapy might provide a novel treatment approach for CRC patients. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the integrated treatment of integrating the MSCs and chemotherapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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15
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Costa D, Venè R, Coco S, Longo L, Tosetti F, Scabini S, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Poggi A, Benelli R. SB202190 Predicts BRAF-Activating Mutations in Primary Colorectal Cancer Organoids via Erk1-2 Modulation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040664. [PMID: 36831331 PMCID: PMC9954675 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 inhibitor SB202190 is a necessary component of the medium used for normal colorectal mucosa cultures. Sato et al. suggested that the primary activity of SB202190 may be EGFR signaling stabilization, causing an increased phosphorylation of Erk1-2 sustaining organoid proliferation. However, the growth of some colorectal cancer (CRC)-derived organoid cultures is inhibited by this molecule via an unknown mechanism. We biochemically investigated SB202190 activity on a collection of 25 primary human CRC organoids, evaluating EGFR, Akt and Erk1-2 activation using Western blot. We found that Erk1-2 phosphorylation was induced by SB202190 in 20 organoid cultures and inhibited in 5 organoid cultures. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis revealed that the inhibition of p-Erk1-2 signaling corresponded to the cultures with BRAF mutations (with four different hits, one being undescribed), while p-Erk1-2 induction was apparently unrelated to other mutations involving the EGFR pathway (Her2, KRAS and NRAS). We found that SB202190 mirrored the biochemical activity of the BRAF inhibitor Dabrafenib, known to induce the paradoxical activation of p-Erk1-2 signaling in BRAF wild-type cells. SB202190 was a more effective inhibitor of BRAF-mutated organoid growth in the long term than the specific BRAF inhibitors Dabrafenib and PLX8394. Overall, SB202190 can predict BRAF-activating mutations in patient-derived organoids, as well as allowing for the identification of new BRAF variants, preceding and enforcing NGS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Costa
- SSD Oncologia Molecolare e Angiogenesi, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Venè
- SSD Oncologia Molecolare e Angiogenesi, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- UO Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- UO Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Tosetti
- SSD Oncologia Molecolare e Angiogenesi, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Scabini
- UO Chirurgia Generale ad Indirizzo Oncologico, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- UO Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Anatomia Patologica, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- UO Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Anatomia Patologica, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- SSD Oncologia Molecolare e Angiogenesi, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- SSD Oncologia Molecolare e Angiogenesi, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Cui Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Ma T, Liang W, Zeng Q, Chen D, Qin Q, Huang B, Wang MH, Huang X, He Y, Kuang Y, Sugimoto S, Sato T, Wang L. CXCL16 inhibits epithelial regeneration and promotes fibrosis during the progression of radiation enteritis. J Pathol 2023; 259:180-193. [PMID: 36373877 DOI: 10.1002/path.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation enteritis (RE) is a prevalent complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors, characterized by severe intestinal epithelial destruction and progressive submucosal fibrosis. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease, and so far, there is no specific targeted therapy. Here, we report that CXCL16 is upregulated in the injured intestinal tissues of RE patients and in a mouse model. Genetic deletion of Cxcl16 mitigates fibrosis and promotes intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial regeneration after radiation injury in mice. Mechanistically, CXCL16 functions on myofibroblasts through its receptor CXCR6 and activates JAK3/STAT3 signaling to promote fibrosis and, at the same time, to transcriptionally modulate the levels of BMP4 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in myofibroblasts. Moreover, we find that CXCL16 and CXCR6 auto- and cross-regulate themselves in positive feedback loops. Treatment with CXCL16 neutralizing monoclonal antibody attenuates fibrosis and improves the epithelial repair in RE mouse model. Our findings emphasize the important role of CXCL16 in the progression of RE and suggest that CXCL16 signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for RE. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haiyong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Binjie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Michael Hu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanjiong He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingyi Kuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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17
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Jaitner S, Pretzsch E, Neumann J, Schäffauer A, Schiemann M, Angele M, Kumbrink J, Schwitalla S, Greten FR, Brandl L, Klauschen F, Horst D, Kirchner T, Jung A. Olfactomedin 4 associates with expression of differentiation markers but not with properties of cancer stemness, EMT nor metastatic spread in colorectal cancer. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:73-85. [PMID: 36349502 PMCID: PMC9732686 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stem cells play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in colorectal cancer (CRC). Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is co-expressed with the established stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 at the bottom of intestinal crypts and has been suggested as a surrogate for cancer stemness and a biomarker in gastrointestinal tumors associated with prognosis. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to clarify whether OLFM4 is involved in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in CRC. We used a combined approach of functional assays using forced OLFM4 overexpression in human CRC cell lines, xenograft mice, and an immunohistochemical approach using patient tissues to investigate the impact of OLFM4 on stemness, canonical Wnt signaling, properties of metastasis and differentiation as well as prognosis. OLFM4 expression correlated weakly with tumor grade in one patient cohort (metastasis collection: p = 0.05; pooled analysis of metastasis collection and survival collection: p = 0.19) and paralleled the expression of differentiation markers (FABP2, MUC2, and CK20) (p = 0.002) but did not correlate with stemness-associated markers. Further analyses in CRC cells lines as well as xenograft mice including forced overexpression of OLFM4 revealed that OLFM4 neither altered the expression of markers of stemness nor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, nor did OLFM4 itself drive proliferation, migration, or colony formation, which are all prerequisites of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In line with this, we found no significant correlation between OLFM4 expression, metastasis, and patient survival. In summary, expression of OLFM4 in human CRC seems to be characteristic of differentiation marker expression in CRC but is not a driver of carcinogenesis nor metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jaitner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elise Pretzsch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Schäffauer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Immune Monitoring, Helmholtz Center Munich (Neuherberg) and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schwitalla
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Chen B, Xi Y, Zhao J, Hong Y, Tian S, Zhai X, Chen Q, Ren X, Fan L, Xie X, Jiang C. m5C regulator-mediated modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization in colorectal cancer: One step closer to precision medicine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049435. [PMID: 36532062 PMCID: PMC9751490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The RNA modification 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is one of the most prevalent post-transcriptional modifications, with increasing evidence demonstrating its extensive involvement in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, the role of m5C modulators in shaping tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity and regulating immune cell infiltration in CRC requires further clarification. Results The transcriptomic sequencing data of 18 m5C regulators and clinical data of patients with CRC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and systematically evaluated. We found that 16 m5C regulators were differentially expressed between CRC and normal tissues. Unsupervised cluster analysis was then performed and revealed two distinct m5C modification patterns that yielded different clinical prognoses and biological functions in CRC. We demonstrated that the m5C score constructed from eight m5C-related genes showed excellent prognostic performance, with a subsequent independent analysis confirming its predictive ability in the CRC cohort. Then we developed a nomogram containing five clinical risk factors and the m5C risk score and found that the m5C score exhibited high prognostic prediction accuracy and favorable clinical applicability. Moreover, the CRC patients with low m5C score were characterized by "hot" TME exhibiting increased immune cell infiltration and higher immune checkpoint expression. These characteristics were highlighted as potential identifiers of suitable candidates for anticancer immunotherapy. Although the high m5C score represented the non-inflammatory phenotype, the CRC patients in this group exhibited high level of sensitivity to molecular-targeted therapy. Conclusion Our comprehensive analysis indicated that the novel m5C clusters and scoring system accurately reflected the distinct prognostic signature, clinicopathological characteristics, immunological phenotypes, and stratifying therapeutic opportunities of CRC. Our findings, therefore, offer valuable insights into factors that may be targeted in the development of precision medicine-based therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Xi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuntian Hong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Shunhua Tian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghai Ren
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Congqing Jiang, ; Xiaoyu Xie, ; Lifang Fan, ; Xianghai Ren,
| | - Lifang Fan
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Congqing Jiang, ; Xiaoyu Xie, ; Lifang Fan, ; Xianghai Ren,
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Congqing Jiang, ; Xiaoyu Xie, ; Lifang Fan, ; Xianghai Ren,
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases (Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Congqing Jiang, ; Xiaoyu Xie, ; Lifang Fan, ; Xianghai Ren,
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19
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Garg PM, Middleton C, Zhang M, Paschal JL, Kurundkar AR, Sonani H, Varshney N, Hillegass WB. Clinical and histopathological correlates of intestinal repair in preterm infants following surgical necrotizing enterocolitis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:10565-10576. [PMID: 36261134 PMCID: PMC10363770 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2134773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the clinical and histopathological factors linked with intestinal repair and its correlation with clinical outcomes in preterm infants following surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS A retrospective study has compared clinical and histopathological characteristics between preterm infants with histopathological reparative changes versus non-reparative changes in resected intestinal tissue following surgical treatment of NEC. Reparative changes were defined as microscopic evidence of neovascularization, increased fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, and epithelial regeneration during histopathological examination of the most affected area of resected intestinal tissue. RESULTS The infants with reparative changes (53/148) had significantly lower median birth weight (725 [650-963] vs. 920 [690-1320]; p = .018), higher likelihood of patent ductus arteriosus (38/53 [71.7%] vs. 48/95 [50.5%]; p = .012), longer TPN days (99 [56-147] vs. 76.5 [39-112.5]; p = .034), higher CRP levels (7.3 [3.2-13] vs. 2.6 [1.1-7.8]; p = .011) at NEC onset, and more short bowel syndrome (27/53 [54.0%] vs. 28/95 [32.2%]; p = .012). Those with reparative changes also received more Penrose drain therapy (21/53 [39.6%] vs. 14/95 [14.7%]; p = .011) and had a longer median time to laparotomy (108 h [28-216] vs. 24 [12-96]; p = .003). Epithelial regeneration observed in 6/53 (11.3%) infants lagged fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization changes in the submucosa/muscularis intestinal layers. On a multivariable logistic regression model which included histopathological and clinical factors, inflammation with a percentage <25% area involvement, time from NEC diagnosis to surgery, and Apgar score < 6 at 5 min were independently and significantly associated with higher odds reparative changes. CONCLUSION In neonates with surgical NEC, the histopathological findings in the resected bowel are significantly associated with clinical characteristics, other histopathological findings, and outcomes. The presence of reparative changes consistent with healing is significantly associated with Apgar score, Penrose drain therapy, longer time from NEC diagnosis to surgery, and lower burden of inflammation in the resected bowel tissue in multivariable analyses. Routine histopathological grading of resected bowel and optimal use of Penrose drain therapy warrant further investigation in the care of neonates with surgical NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Mohan Garg
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Charles Middleton
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jaslyn L Paschal
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Hardik Sonani
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Neha Varshney
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - William B Hillegass
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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20
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Takahashi J, Mizutani T, Sugihara HY, Nagata S, Kato S, Hiraguri Y, Takeoka S, Tsuchiya M, Kuno R, Kakinuma S, Watanabe M, Okamoto R. Suspension culture in a rotating bioreactor for efficient generation of human intestinal organoids. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100337. [PMID: 36452871 PMCID: PMC9701612 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for translational medical applications. A common method to obtain HIOs has been to harvest floating hindgut spheroids arising from hPSCs. As this technique is elegant but burdensome due to the complex protocol and line-to-line variability, a more feasible method is desired. Here, we establish a robust differentiation method into suspension-cultured HIOs (s-HIOs) by seeding dissociated cells on a spheroid-forming plate. This protocol realizes the reliable generation of size-controllable spheroids. Under optimized conditions in a rotating bioreactor, the generated spheroids quickly grow and mature into large s-HIOs with supporting mesenchyme. Upon mesenteric transplantation, s-HIOs further mature and develop complex tissue architecture in vivo. This method demonstrates that intestinal tissue can be generated from iPSC-derived HIOs via suspension induction and bioreactor maturation, establishing a reliable culture platform with wide applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hady Yuki Sugihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Hiraguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takeoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mao Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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21
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Luo H, Li M, Wang F, Yang Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Zhao Q, Zeng J, Wang S, Chen M, Li X, Li W, Sun Y, Gu L, Wen Q, Xiao Z, Wu X. The role of intestinal stem cell within gut homeostasis: Focusing on its interplay with gut microbiota and the regulating pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5185-5206. [PMID: 35982910 PMCID: PMC9379405 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis via promoting a healthy gut barrier. Within the stem cell niche, gut microbiota linking the crosstalk of dietary influence and host response has been identified as a key regulator of ISCs. Emerging insights from recent research reveal that ISC and gut microbiota interplay regulates epithelial self-renewal. This article reviews the recent knowledge on the key role of ISC in their local environment (stem cell niche) associating with gut microbiota and their metabolites as well as the signaling pathways. The current progress of intestinal organoid culture is further summarized. Subsequently, the key challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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22
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Kocagöz Y, Demirler MC, Eski SE, Güler K, Dokuzluoglu Z, Fuss SH. Disparate progenitor cell populations contribute to maintenance and repair neurogenesis in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:331-358. [PMID: 35266039 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) undergo constant turnover under physiological conditions but also regenerate efficiently following tissue injury. Maintenance and repair neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE) have been attributed to the selective activity of globose (GBCs) and horizontal basal cells (HBCs), respectively. In zebrafish, cells with GBC-like properties are localized to the peripheral margins of the sensory OE and contribute to OSN neurogenesis in the intact OE, while cells that resemble HBCs at the morphological and molecular level are more uniformly distributed. However, the contribution of these cells to the restoration of the injured OE has not been demonstrated. Here, we provide a detailed cellular and molecular analysis of the tissue response to injury and show that a dual progenitor cell system also exists in zebrafish. Zebrafish HBCs respond to the structural damage of the OE and generate a transient population of proliferative neurogenic progenitors that restores OSNs. In contrast, selective ablation of OSNs by axotomy triggers neurogenic GBC proliferation, suggesting that distinct signaling events activate GBC and HBC responses. Molecular analysis of differentially expressed genes in lesioned and regenerating OEs points toward an involvement of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Activation of Wnt signaling appears to be sufficient to stimulate mitotic activity, while inhibition significantly reduces, but does not fully eliminate, HBC responses. Zebrafish HBCs are surprisingly active even under physiological conditions with a strong bias toward the zones of constitutive OSN neurogenesis, suggestive of a direct lineage relationship between progenitor cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Kocagöz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Can Demirler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kardelen Güler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Dokuzluoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stefan H Fuss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey.
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23
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Liu W, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 Is Not a Precise Marker for Human Intestinal Stem Cells, But Is Involved in Intestinal Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1001-1004. [PMID: 34906535 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Liu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Petersen L, Stroh S, Schöttelndreier D, Grassl GA, Rottner K, Brakebusch C, Fahrer J, Genth H. The Essential Role of Rac1 Glucosylation in Clostridioides difficile Toxin B-Induced Arrest of G1-S Transition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846215. [PMID: 35321078 PMCID: PMC8937036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in humans causes pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), which is a severe pathology characterized by a loss of epithelial barrier function and massive colonic inflammation. PMC has been attributed to the action of two large protein toxins, Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB). TcdA and TcdB mono-O-glucosylate and thereby inactivate a broad spectrum of Rho GTPases and (in the case of TcdA) also some Ras GTPases. Rho/Ras GTPases promote G1-S transition through the activation of components of the ERK, AKT, and WNT signaling pathways. With regard to CDI pathology, TcdB is regarded of being capable of inhibiting colonic stem cell proliferation and colonic regeneration, which is likely causative for PMC. In particular, it is still unclear, the glucosylation of which substrate Rho-GTPase is critical for TcdB-induced arrest of G1-S transition. Exploiting SV40-immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with deleted Rho subtype GTPases, evidence is provided that Rac1 (not Cdc42) positively regulates Cyclin D1, an essential factor of G1-S transition. TcdB-catalyzed Rac1 glucosylation results in Cyclin D1 suppression and arrested G1-S transition in MEFs and in human colonic epithelial cells (HCEC), Remarkably, Rac1−/− MEFs are insensitive to TcdB-induced arrest of G1-S transition, suggesting that TcdB arrests G1-S transition in a Rac1 glucosylation-dependent manner. Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) specifically expressed Cyclin D1 (neither Cyclin D2 nor Cyclin D3), which expression was suppressed upon TcdB treatment. In sum, Cyclin D1 expression in colonic cells seems to be regulated by Rho GTPases (most likely Rac1) and in turn seems to be susceptible to TcdB-induced suppression. With regard to PMC, toxin-catalyzed Rac1 glucosylation and subsequent G1-S arrest of colonic stem cells seems to be causative for decreased repair capacity of the colonic epithelium and delayed epithelial renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Petersen
- Institute for Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Stroh
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and DZIF partner site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Genth
- Institute for Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald Genth,
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25
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Islam BN, Sharman SK, Hou Y, Wang R, Ashby J, Li H, Liu K, Vega KJ, Browning DD. Type-2 cGMP-dependent protein kinase suppresses proliferation and carcinogenesis in the colon epithelium. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:584-593. [PMID: 35188962 PMCID: PMC9234760 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has demonstrated that cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), signaling has anti-tumor effects that might be used for colon cancer prevention. The tumor-suppressive mechanism and the signaling components downstream of cGMP remain largely unknown. The present study has characterized the expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG1, PKG2) in normal and cancerous tissue from human colon. PKG1 was detected in both normal and tumor tissue, where it localized exclusively to the lamina propria and stroma (respectively). In contrast, PKG2 localized specifically to the epithelium where its expression decreased markedly in tumors compared to matched normal tissue. Neither PKG isoform was detected at the RNA or protein level in established colon cancer cell lines. To test for a potential tumor-suppressor role of PKG2 in the colon epithelium, Prkg2 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to azoxymethane/dextran sulfate-sodium (AOM/DSS) treatment. PKG2 deficiency was associated with crypt hyperplasia (Ki67) and almost twice the number of polyps per mouse as wild-type (WT) siblings. In vitro culture of mouse colon epithelium as organoids confirmed that PKG2 was the only isoform expressed, and it was detected in both proliferating and differentiating epithelial compartments. Colon organoids derived from Prkg2 KO mice proliferated more rapidly and exhibited a reduced ability to differentiate compared to WT controls. Taken together our results highlight PKG2 as the central target of cGMP in the colon, where it suppresses carcinogenesis by controlling proliferation in an epithelial-cell intrinsic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah K Sharman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yali Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Ashby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Vega
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Darren D Browning
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 706 7219526; Fax: +1 706 7216608;
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Jennelle LT, Dampier CH, Tring S, Powell S, Casey G. Colon Crypts of Subjects With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Show an Increased Number of LGR5+ Ectopic Stem Cells. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00353. [PMID: 33999013 PMCID: PMC8133103 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome characterized by accelerated adenoma development due to inherited (or de novo) mutations in the APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway (APC) gene. The mechanism underlying this accelerated polyp development in subjects with FAP has not been defined. Given that LGR5+ stem cells drive crypt cell proliferation, we hypothesized that FAP crypts would demonstrate aberrant leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) staining patterns. METHODS Biopsies were taken from 11 healthy subjects, 7 subjects with Lynch syndrome, 4 subjects with FAP, and 1 subject with MUTYH-associated polyposis syndrome during routine screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Crypt staining was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Stem cell numbers were estimated by immunofluorescence staining of isolated crypts using antibodies against LGR5 and other proteins. RESULTS Subjects with FAP exhibited a greater number of LGR5+ stem cells in their crypts than healthy subjects and subjects with Lynch syndrome and MUTYH-associated polyposis syndrome. Most crypts of subjects with FAP harbored LGR5+ cells located above the lower third of the crypts. DISCUSSION These findings support a model in which inactivation of one copy of APC leads to increased numbers of LGR5+ stem cells, many of which are ectopic, in colon crypts of subjects with FAP. Overabundant and ectopic LGR5+ stem cells could lead to an expanded proliferative zone of dividing cells more likely to develop mutations that would contribute to the accelerated adenoma development observed in FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T. Jennelle
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher H. Dampier
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie Tring
- USC Genomics Core, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven Powell
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Sphyris N, Hodder MC, Sansom OJ. Subversion of Niche-Signalling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer: What Makes and Breaks the Intestinal Stem Cell. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1000. [PMID: 33673710 PMCID: PMC7957493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium fulfils pleiotropic functions in nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and immune surveillance while also forming a barrier against luminal toxins and gut-resident microbiota. Incessantly barraged by extraneous stresses, the intestine must continuously replenish its epithelial lining and regenerate the full gamut of specialized cell types that underpin its functions. Homeostatic remodelling is orchestrated by the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche: a convergence of epithelial- and stromal-derived cues, which maintains ISCs in a multipotent state. Following demise of homeostatic ISCs post injury, plasticity is pervasive among multiple populations of reserve stem-like cells, lineage-committed progenitors, and/or fully differentiated cell types, all of which can contribute to regeneration and repair. Failure to restore the epithelial barrier risks seepage of toxic luminal contents, resulting in inflammation and likely predisposing to tumour formation. Here, we explore how homeostatic niche-signalling pathways are subverted in tumorigenesis, enabling ISCs to gain autonomy from niche restraints ("ISC emancipation") and transform into cancer stem cells capable of driving tumour initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. We further consider the implications of the pervasive plasticity of the intestinal epithelium for the trajectory of colorectal cancer, the emergence of distinct molecular subtypes, the propensity to metastasize, and the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sphyris
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (N.S.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Michael C. Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (N.S.); (M.C.H.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (N.S.); (M.C.H.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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28
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Kuno R, Ito G, Kawamoto A, Hiraguri Y, Sugihara HY, Takeoka S, Nagata S, Takahashi J, Tsuchiya M, Anzai S, Mizutani T, Shimizu H, Yui S, Oshima S, Tsuchiya K, Watanabe M, Okamoto R. Notch and TNF-α signaling promote cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 in intestinal epithelium cells and exhibit a cell protective role in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100906. [PMID: 33490652 PMCID: PMC7808948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is activated in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and contributes to mucosal regeneration. Our previous study indicated that TNF-α and Notch signaling may synergistically promote the expression of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker OLFM4 in human IECs. In the present study, we investigated the gene regulation and function of OLFM4 in human IEC lines. We confirmed that TNF-α and Notch synergistically upregulate the mRNA expression of OLFM4. Luciferase reporter assay showed that OLFM4 transcription is regulated by the synergy of TNF-α and Notch. At the protein level, synergy between TNF-α and Notch promoted cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4, which has potential anti-apoptotic properties in human IECs. Analysis of patient-derived tissues and organoids consistently showed cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 in response to NF-κB and Notch activation. Cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 in human IECs is tightly regulated by Notch and TNF-α in synergy. Such cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 may have a cell-protective role in the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD. Notch and TNF-α signaling is important in IECs of patients with IBD. Notch and TNF-α signaling promotes the cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4. OLFM4 accumulation may have anti-apoptotic properties. OLFM4 could protect against mucosal inflammation in IBD.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn's disease
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DBZ, intestinal epithelial cells
- Dox, doxycycline
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, dibenzazepine
- NICD, Notch intracellular domain
- Notch pathway
- OLFM4
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α
- Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | - Go Ito
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | - Yui Hiraguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | | | | | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | | | - Mao Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | - Sho Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Shimizu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Sarvestani SK, Signs S, Hu B, Yeu Y, Feng H, Ni Y, Hill DR, Fisher RC, Ferrandon S, DeHaan RK, Stiene J, Cruise M, Hwang TH, Shen X, Spence JR, Huang EH. Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:262. [PMID: 33431859 PMCID: PMC7801686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a major type of inflammatory bowel disease, remains unknown. No model exists that adequately recapitulates the complexity of clinical UC. Here, we take advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop an induced human UC-derived organoid (iHUCO) model and compared it with the induced human normal organoid model (iHNO). Notably, iHUCOs recapitulated histological and functional features of primary colitic tissues, including the absence of acidic mucus secretion and aberrant adherens junctions in the epithelial barrier both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the CXCL8/CXCR1 axis was overexpressed in iHUCO but not in iHNO. As proof-of-principle, we show that inhibition of CXCL8 receptor by the small-molecule non-competitive inhibitor repertaxin attenuated the progression of UC phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. This patient-derived organoid model, containing both epithelial and stromal compartments, will generate new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of UC while offering opportunities to tailor interventions to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh K Sarvestani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven Signs
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yunku Yeu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ying Ni
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert C Fisher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sylvain Ferrandon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Reece K DeHaan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiene
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Michael Cruise
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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30
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Rees WD, Tandun R, Yau E, Zachos NC, Steiner TS. Regenerative Intestinal Stem Cells Induced by Acute and Chronic Injury: The Saving Grace of the Epithelium? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583919. [PMID: 33282867 PMCID: PMC7688923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is replenished every 3-4 days through an orderly process that maintains important secretory and absorptive functions while preserving a continuous mucosal barrier. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) derive from a stable population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside in the basal crypts. When intestinal injury reaches the crypts and damages IECs, a mechanism to replace them is needed. Recent research has highlighted the existence of distinct populations of acute and chronic damage-associated ISCs and their roles in maintaining homeostasis in several intestinal perturbation models. What remains unknown is how the damage-associated regenerative ISC population functions in the setting of chronic inflammation, as opposed to acute injury. What long-term consequences result from persistent inflammation and other cellular insults to the ISC niche? What particular "regenerative" cell types provide the most efficacious restorative properties? Which differentiated IECs maintain the ability to de-differentiate and restore the ISC niche? This review will cover the latest research on damage-associated regenerative ISCs and epigenetic factors that determine ISC fate, as well as provide opinions on future studies that need to be undertaken to understand the repercussions of the emergence of these cells, their contribution to relapses in inflammatory bowel disease, and their potential use in therapeutics for chronic intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rene Tandun
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Enoch Yau
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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31
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Tian J, Cui P, Li Y, Yao X, Wu X, Wang Z, Li C. LINC02418 promotes colon cancer progression by suppressing apoptosis via interaction with miR-34b-5p/BCL2 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:460. [PMID: 32973404 PMCID: PMC7507712 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs act as functional regulators in tumor progression through interacting with various signaling pathways in multiple types of cancer. However, the effect of LINC02418 on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and the underling mechanisms remain unclear. Methods LncRNA expression profile in CRC tissues was investigated by the TCGA database. The expressional level of LINC02418 in CRC patients was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan-Meier analyses was used to investigate the correlation between LINC02418 and overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. Cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities were detected by CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays and trans-well assays in HCT116 and LoVo cells which were stably transduced with sh-LINC02418 or sh-NC. The binding between LINC02418 and miR-34b-5p, and the interaction between miR-34b-5p and BCL2 were determined by dual-luciferase assays. Western blot experiments were conducted to further explore the effect of miR-34b-5p on BCL2 signaling pathway. Rescue experiments were performed to uncover the role of LINC02418/miR-34b-5p/BCL2 axis in CRC progression. Results LINC02418 was upregulated in human colon cancer samples when compared with adjacent tissue, and its high expressional level correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. LINC02418 promoted cancer progression by enhancing tumor growth, cell mobility and invasiveness of colon cancer cells. Additionally, LINC02418 could physically bind to miR-34b-5p and subsequently affect BCL2 signaling pathway. Down-regulation of LINC02418 reduced cell proliferation, while transfection of miR-34b-5p inhibitor or BCL2 into LINC02418-silenced CRC cells significantly promoted CRC cells growth. Conclusions LINC02418 was upregulated in human CRC samples and could be used as the indicator for prediction of prognosis. LINC02418 acted as a tumor driver by negatively regulating cell apoptosis through LINC02418/miR-34b-5p/BCL2 axis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399 China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Xuequan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
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32
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Hu X, Zhang L, Li Y, Ma X, Dai W, Gao X, Rao X, Fu G, Wang R, Pan M, Guo Q, Xu X, Zhou Y, Gao J, Zhang Z, Cai S, Peng J, Hua G. Organoid modelling identifies that DACH1 functions as a tumour promoter in colorectal cancer by modulating BMP signalling. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102800. [PMID: 32512510 PMCID: PMC7281795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dachshund homologue 1 (DACH1) is highly expressed in LGR5+ intestinal stem cells and colorectal tumours. However, the roles of DACH1 in intestinal cell stemness and colorectal tumorigenesis remain largely undefined. Methods We used immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR to analyse DACH1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression and shRNA-mediated knockdown of DACH1 were utilized to modulate DACH1 expression in cell lines and organoids. An intestinal organoid-based functional model was analysed, and cancer cell colony formation, sphere formation assays and murine xenotransplants were performed to reveal the role of DACH1 in CRC cell proliferation, stemness and tumorigenesis. Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA interference and microarray data analyses were conducted to demonstrate the association between DACH1 and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway. Findings DACH1 is specifically expressed in discrete crypt base cells, and increased DACH1 expression was found in all stages of CRC. Moreover, the high expression of DACH1 independently predicted poor prognosis. In colon cancer cells, shRNA-mediated suppression of DACH1 inhibited cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By studying the intestinal organoid-based functional model, we found that depletion of DACH1 reduced the organoid formation efficiency and tumour organoid size. DACH1 overexpression stimulated both colonsphere formation and tumour organoid formation in the context of dysregulated BMP signalling. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that overexpression of DACH1 affects a subset of stem cell signature genes implicated in stem cell proliferation and maintenance through the suppression of BMP signalling via SMAD4. Interpretation Together, our study highlights DACH1 as an integral regulator of BMP signalling during intestinal tumorigenesis, and DACH1 could be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Rao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengxue Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Abstract
The gut is a continuously renewing organ, with cell proliferation, migration, and death occurring rapidly under basal conditions. As the impact of critical illness on cell movement from crypt base to villus tip is poorly understood, the purpose of this study was to determine how sepsis alters enterocyte migration. Wild-type, transgenic, and knockout mice were injected with 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label cells in S-phase before and after the onset of cecal ligation and puncture and were sacrificed at predetermined endpoints to determine distance proliferating cells migrated up the crypt-villus unit. Enterocyte migration rate was decreased from 24 to 96 h after sepsis. BrdU was not detectable on villi 6 days after sham laparotomy, meaning all cells had migrated the length of the gut and been exfoliated into its lumen. However, BrdU positive cells were detectable on villi 10 days after sepsis. Multiple components of gut integrity altered enterocyte migration. Sepsis decreased crypt proliferation, which further slowed enterocyte transit as mice injected with BrdU after the onset of sepsis (decreased proliferation) had slower migration than mice injected with BrdU before the onset of sepsis (normal proliferation). Decreasing intestinal apoptosis via gut-specific overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented sepsis-induced slowing of enterocyte migration. In contrast, worsened intestinal hyperpermeability by genetic deletion of JAM-A increased enterocyte migration. Sepsis therefore significantly slows enterocyte migration, and intestinal proliferation, apoptosis and permeability all affect migration time, which can potentially be targeted both genetically and pharmacologically.
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Rees WD, Sly LM, Steiner TS. How do immune and mesenchymal cells influence the intestinal epithelial cell compartment in inflammatory bowel disease? Let's crosstalk about it! J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:309-321. [PMID: 32057139 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0120-567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells provide a front line of defense by establishing a barrier against food Ags, pathogens, and commensal microorganisms. This defense includes the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The intestinal epithelium replenishes itself by cell turnover every 4-5 days, and this process is facilitated by various pathways of communication between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), the underlying stromal cell network, and professional immune cells, which together help establish a proper intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche in the crypt. However, during a state of inflammation, such as in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), these communication pathways can be altered, and this can lead to the development of inflammatory IECs within the crypt that further drive inflammation. Here, we review the current literature looking at crosstalk between immune cells, stromal cells, and IECs: how does the immune system potentially alter the ISC niche, and how do IECs influence intestinal immunity? We discuss the latest research using single cell RNA sequencing and intestinal organoid cultures to help answer these questions. A better understanding of this complex crosstalk can help lead to a better understanding of intestinal biology in general, and more efficient therapeutic approaches to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Human Intestinal Organoids Maintain Self-Renewal Capacity and Cellular Diversity in Niche-Inspired Culture Condition. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 23:787-793.e6. [PMID: 30526881 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular diversity that shapes tissue architecture and function is governed by multiple niche signals. Nonetheless, maintaining cellular diversity in human intestinal organoids has been challenging. Based on niche ligands present in the natural stem cell milieu, we establish a refined organoid culture condition for intestinal epithelia that allows human intestinal organoids to concurrently undergo multi-differentiation and self-renewal. High-throughput screening reveals that the combination of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) enhances the clonogenic capacity and CRISPR-genome engineering efficiency of human intestinal stem cells. The combination equally enables long-term culture of a range of intestinal organoids, including rat small intestinal organoids. Droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing further illustrates the conservation of the native cellular diversity in human small intestinal organoids cultured with the refined condition. The modified culture protocol outperforms the conventional method and offers a viable strategy for modeling human intestinal tissues and diseases in an in vivo relevant context.
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Lei C, Yao Y, Shen B, Liu J, Pan Q, Liu N, Li L, Huang J, Long Z, Shao L. Columbamine suppresses the proliferation and malignization of colon cancer cells via abolishing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8635-8645. [PMID: 31572013 PMCID: PMC6764743 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s209861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Because of the side effects and defects in tolerance of chemotherapy, it is necessary to discover new drugs for colon cancer treatment. Columbamine has been identified as an effective anti-osteosarcoma compound with only minor side effects. In this study, we analyzed the anticancer effect of columbamine on colon cancer. METHODS Human colon cancer cell lines were treatment with columbamine. MTT assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis detection and tumorigenicity assay were performed to detect the protective effect of columbamine on colon cancer development. Western blot assay and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of the columbamine treatment. RESULTS Columbamine significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion process of colon cancer cells, and dramatically promoted the apoptosis rate of colon cancer cells to further suppress the development of colon cancer to tumor. Both the signaling transducing and key factors expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were obviously repressed by columbamine treatment in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that columbamine exerts its anti-tumor effect in colon cancer cells through abolishing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Columbamine may be a new therapy compound for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing314001, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junru Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Department of Blood Endocrinology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Long
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei430050, People’s Republic of China
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Kim M, Mun H, Sung CO, Cho EJ, Jeon HJ, Chun SM, Jung DJ, Shin TH, Jeong GS, Kim DK, Choi EK, Jeong SY, Taylor AM, Jain S, Meyerson M, Jang SJ. Patient-derived lung cancer organoids as in vitro cancer models for therapeutic screening. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3991. [PMID: 31488816 PMCID: PMC6728380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer shows substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity across individuals, driving a need for personalised medicine. Here, we report lung cancer organoids and normal bronchial organoids established from patient tissues comprising five histological subtypes of lung cancer and non-neoplastic bronchial mucosa as in vitro models representing individual patient. The lung cancer organoids recapitulate the tissue architecture of the primary lung tumours and maintain the genomic alterations of the original tumours during long-term expansion in vitro. The normal bronchial organoids maintain cellular components of normal bronchial mucosa. Lung cancer organoids respond to drugs based on their genomic alterations: a BRCA2-mutant organoid to olaparib, an EGFR-mutant organoid to erlotinib, and an EGFR-mutant/MET-amplified organoid to crizotinib. Considering the short length of time from organoid establishment to drug testing, our newly developed model may prove useful for predicting patient-specific drug responses through in vitro patient-specific drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuh Kim
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Mun
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Oak Sung
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Joon Jeon
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Chun
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Jung Jung
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Shin
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alison M Taylor
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer-Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sejal Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer-Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer-Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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van Neerven SM, Vermeulen L. The interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic Wnt signaling in controlling intestinal transformation. Differentiation 2019; 108:17-23. [PMID: 30799131 PMCID: PMC6717105 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer is the fastest renewing tissue in the human body. Due to its incredible turnover rate, the intestine is especially prone to develop cancer, in particular in the colon. Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is characterized by the stepwise accumulation of mutations over time, of which mutations in the tumor suppressor APC are often very early to occur. Generally, mutations in this gene lead to truncated APC proteins that cannot bind to β-catenin to promote its degradation, resulting in a constant overstimulation of the Wnt pathway. The level of intrinsic Wnt activation is dependent on the number of functional β-catenin binding sites remaining within the APC proteins, and the right amount of Wnt signaling is rate-limiting in the formation of polyps. In addition, the intestinal niche provides an extensive spectrum of Wnt ligands, amplifiers and antagonists that locally regulate basal Wnt levels and consequently influence polyp formation propensity. Here we will discuss the crosstalk between transforming epithelial cells and their regional niche in the development of intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van Neerven
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Ye B, Li L, Xu H, Chen Y, Li F. Opposing roles of TCF7/LEF1 and TCF7L2 in cyclin D2 and Bmp4 expression and cardiomyocyte cell cycle control during late heart development. J Transl Med 2019; 99:807-818. [PMID: 30778164 PMCID: PMC6570565 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt pathways regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, but how these two pathways interact and mediate their nuclear actions in the heart, especially during late cardiac development, remains poorly defined. T-cell factor (TCF) and lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family transcriptional factors, including Lef1, Tcf7, Tcf7l1, and Tcf7l2, are important nuclear mediators of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling throughout cardiac development. We reveal that these TCF/LEF family members direct heart maturation through distinct temporal and spatial control. TCF7 and LEF1 decrease while TCF7L1 and TCF7L2 remain relatively stable during heart development. LEF1 is mainly expressed in mesenchymal cells in valvular regions. TCF7 and TCF7L1 are detected in the nucleus of mesothelial and endothelial cells, but not in cardiomyocytes or mesenchymal cells. Tcf7l2 is the primary TCF/LEF family member in cardiomyocytes and undergoes alternative splicing during heart development. A TCF7L2 intensity gradient opposite to that of β-catenin and cardiomyocyte proliferative activity is present in fetal hearts. Wnt activation by cardiac deletion of APC, a negative Wnt regulator, dramatically increases Cyclin D2 and Bmp4 expression. BMP signal transducing transcription factors, the mothers against decapentaplegic homologs (SMADs) are increasingly phosphorylated upon Wnt activation. LEF1/TCF7 displaces TCF7L2 and cooperates with pSMAD 1/5/8 in the regulatory elements of Cyclin D2 and Bmp4 promoters to promote β-catenin recruitment and transcriptional activation. Finally, we demonstrate that TCF7L2 is a transcriptional suppressor of Cyclin D2 and Bmp 4 in a cardiac cell line by overexpression and knockdown experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Room 293, Dwan Variety Club Cardiovascular Research Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology/Anatomic Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Room 293, Dwan Variety Club Cardiovascular Research Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Eide PW, Eilertsen IA, Sveen A, Lothe RA. Long noncoding RNA MIR31HG is a bona fide prognostic marker with colorectal cancer cell-intrinsic properties. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2843-2853. [PMID: 30447009 PMCID: PMC6590447 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated miR-31 expression is associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether the prognostic information is independent of known molecular subgroups and gene expression-based consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) is currently unknown. To investigate this, we analyzed nearly 2000 CRC biopsies and preclinical models. The expression of miR-31-5p and its host transcript, long noncoding RNA MIR31HG, was strongly correlated (Spearman's ρ > 0.80). MIR31HG outlier expression was observed in 158/1265 (12%) of pCRCs and was associated with depletion of CMS2-canonical subgroup (odds ratio = 0.21 [0.11-0.35]) and shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) in multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.2 [1.6-3.0]). For stage II disease, 5-year RFS for patients with MIR31HG outlier status was 49% compared to 77% for those with normal-like expression. MIR31HG outlier status was associated with inferior outcome also within clinical high risk groups and within the poor prognostic CMS4-mesenchymal gene expression subtype specifically. Preclinical models with MIR31HG outlier expression were characterized by reduced expression of MYC targets as well as elevated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TNF-α/NFκB, TGF-β, and IFN-α/γ gene expression signatures, indicating cancer cell-intrinsic properties resembling the CMS4 subgroup-associations which were recapitulated in patient biopsies. Moreover, the prognostic value of MIR31HG outlier status was independent of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and fibroblast infiltration. We here present evidence that MIR31HG expression provides clinical stratification beyond major gene expression phenotypes and tumor immune and stromal cell infiltration and propose a model where increased expression is an indicator of a cellular state conferring intrinsic invasive and/or immuno-evasive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute for Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ina A. Eilertsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute for Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute for Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute for Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Zhao B, Chen Y, Jiang N, Yang L, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Ray L, Liu H, Hou G, Lin X. Znhit1 controls intestinal stem cell maintenance by regulating H2A.Z incorporation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1071. [PMID: 30842416 PMCID: PMC6403214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ stem cells are crucial to gut epithelium homeostasis; however, how these cells are maintained is not fully understood. Zinc finger HIT-type containing 1 (Znhit1) is an evolutionarily conserved subunit of the SRCAP chromosome remodeling complex. Currently, the function of Znhit1 in vivo and its working mechanism in the SRCAP complex are unknown. Here we show that deletion of Znhit1 in intestinal epithelium depletes Lgr5+ stem cells thus disrupts intestinal homeostasis postnatal establishment and maintenance. Mechanistically, Znhit1 incorporates histone variant H2A.Z into TSS region of genes involved in Lgr5+ stem cell fate determination, including Lgr5, Tgfb1 and Tgfbr2, for subsequent transcriptional regulation. Importantly, Znhit1 promotes the interaction between H2A.Z and YL1 (H2A.Z chaperone) by controlling YL1 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that Znhit1/H2A.Z is essential for Lgr5+ stem cell maintenance and intestinal homeostasis. Our findings identified a dominant role of Znhit1/H2A.Z in controlling mammalian organ development and tissue homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shenfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Zengqi Wen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lorraine Ray
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Depletion of MOB1A/B causes intestinal epithelial degeneration by suppressing Wnt activity and activating BMP/TGF-β signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1083. [PMID: 30349003 PMCID: PMC6197243 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is involved in intestinal epithelial homeostasis with Wnt, BMP, Notch, and EGF signaling. We investigated the relationship between Hippo and other signaling pathways and the role of MOB kinase activator 1A/1B (MOB1A/B) in intestinal homeostasis. Mice with intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific depletion of MOB1A/B showed hyperproliferation in IECs, defects in secretory lineage differentiation and loss of intestinal stem cells and eventually died at 10–12 days after tamoxifen treatment. In MOB1A/B-depleted IECs, expression of Wnt target genes were downregulated but Bmp2 and Tgfbr2 were transcriptionally activated with enhanced YAP activity. In in vivo and in vitro experiments with several signaling inhibitors, it has been shown that the BMP inhibitor LDN193189 or TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 had effects on partial restoration of the intestinal degenerative phenotype. Treatment with these inhibitors restored differentiation of secretory lineage cells in MOB1A/B-deficient mice, but not ISC pools in the crypt region. These studies reveal that IEC-specific depletion of MOB1A/B induced overexpression of Bmp2 and Tgfbr2 and inhibited Wnt activity, finally leading to loss of ISCs and functional epithelia in the mouse intestine. These results suggest that MOB1A/B has an essential function for intestinal epithelial homeostasis by regulating YAP, Wnt activity, and BMP/TGF-β signaling.
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Yu T, Ma P, Wu D, Shu Y, Gao W. Functions and mechanisms of microRNA-31 in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1162-1169. [PMID: 30372817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs can exhibit opposite functions in different tumors. MiR-31 is a representative example as it can not only enhance tumor development and progression in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and so on, but also inhibit tumorigenesis and induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and etc. The mechanism underlying its' pleiotropy remains unknown. Several recent studies that focused on the global gene expression changes caused by aberrant miR-31 provided information on the upstream and downstream events associated with deregulated miR-31. MiR-31 might interact with a number of signaling pathways including RAS/MARK, PI3K/AKT and RB/E2F to play its opposite functions. This review summarizes the target genes and pathways associated with miR-31 and examines the mechanisms underlying the function of miR-31. The resulting hypothesis is possible that the tissue-specific features of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer and the positive feedback loop consists of miR-31 and its upstream and downstream may account for the diversity of miR-31 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Deqin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Ye P, Chiang YJ, Qi Z, Li Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Li X, Chen YG. Tankyrases maintain homeostasis of intestinal epithelium by preventing cell death. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007697. [PMID: 30260955 PMCID: PMC6177203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells are crucial for fast homeostatic renewal of intestinal epithelium and Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an essential role in this process by sustaining stem cell self-renewal. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases tankyrases (TNKSs) mediate protein poly-ADP-ribosylation and are involved in multiple cellular processes such as Wnt signaling regulation, mitotic progression and telomere maintenance. However, little is known about the physiological function of TNKSs in epithelium homeostasis regulation. Here, using Villin-creERT2;Tnks1-/-;Tnks2fl/fl (DKO) mice, we observed that loss of TNKSs causes a rapid decrease of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and magnified apoptosis in small intestinal crypts, leading to intestine degeneration and increased mouse mortality. Consistently, deletion of Tnks or blockage of TNKS activity with the inhibitor XAV939 significantly inhibits the growth of intestinal organoids. We further showed that the Wnt signaling agonist CHIR99021 sustains the growth of DKO organoids, and XAV939 does not cause growth retardation of Apc-/- organoids. Consistent with the promoting function of TNKSs in Wnt signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is significantly decreased with stabilized Axin in DKO crypts. Together, our findings unravel the essential role of TNKSs-mediated protein parsylation in small intestinal homeostasis by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although tankyrases have been indicated to play important roles in telomere maintenance, mitosis and Wnt signaling regulation, little is known about their physiological function in intestinal epithelium. Using Villin-creERT2;Tnks1-/-;Tnks2fl/fl mice, which harbored conventional Tnks1 deletion and inducible intestinal epithelium-specific Tnks2 knockout, we show that tankyrases regulate adult intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells and epithelium homeostasis by preventing cell death and promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Jeffrey Chiang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhen Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yehua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Yip HYK, Tan CW, Hirokawa Y, Burgess AW. Colon organoid formation and cryptogenesis are stimulated by growth factors secreted from myofibroblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199412. [PMID: 29928021 PMCID: PMC6013242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although small intestinal epithelial stem cells form crypts when using intestinal culture conditions, colon stem cells usually form colonospheres. Colon mesenchymal cell feeder layers can stimulate colon crypts to form organoids and produce crypts. We have investigated whether conditioned medium from colon mesenchymal cells can also stimulate colonosphere and organoid cryptogenesis. We prepared conditioned medium (CM) from WEHI-YH2 cells (mouse colon myofibroblasts); the CM stimulated both colonosphere formation and organoid cryptogenesis in vitro. The colon organoid-stimulating factors in WEHI-YH2 CM are inactivated by heating and trypsin digestion and proteins can be concentrated by ultrafiltration. Both the colonosphere- and organoid cryptogenesis- stimulatory effects of the CM are independent of canonical Wnt and Notch signaling. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) abolishes colonosphere formation and organoid cryptogenesis. The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) Type I receptor kinase inhibitor (A83-01) stimulates colonosphere formation, whereas the Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor (AG1478) reduces the formation of colonospheres, but in the presence of EGF, a “just-right” concentration of AG1478 increases colon organoid cryptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Yan Kelvin Yip
- Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (CWT); (AWB)
| | - Yumiko Hirokawa
- Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Wilks Burgess
- Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (CWT); (AWB)
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46
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Wang S, Chen YG. BMP signaling in homeostasis, transformation and inflammatory response of intestinal epithelium. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:800-807. [PMID: 29855793 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestine is the organ for food digestion, nutrient absorption and pathogen defense, in which processes intestinal epithelium plays a central role. Intestinal epithelium undergoes fast turnover, and its homeostasis is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, Hippo and BMP pathways. BMP signaling has been shown to negatively regulate self-renewal of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, constrains the expansion of intestinal epithelium, therefore attenuating colorectal cancer formation. BMPs and their receptors are expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, suggesting a two-way interaction between the mesenchyme and epithelium. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the function of BMP signaling in homeostasis, cancerous transformation and inflammatory response of intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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47
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Yan H, Konstorum A, Lowengrub JS. Three-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Modeling of Colon Cancer Organoids Reveals that Multimodal Control of Stem Cell Self-Renewal is a Critical Determinant of Size and Shape in Early Stages of Tumor Growth. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:1404-1433. [PMID: 28681151 PMCID: PMC5756149 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We develop a three-dimensional multispecies mathematical model to simulate the growth of colon cancer organoids containing stem, progenitor and terminally differentiated cells, as a model of early (prevascular) tumor growth. Stem cells (SCs) secrete short-range self-renewal promoters (e.g., Wnt) and their long-range inhibitors (e.g., Dkk) and proliferate slowly. Committed progenitor (CP) cells proliferate more rapidly and differentiate to produce post-mitotic terminally differentiated cells that release differentiation promoters, forming negative feedback loops on SC and CP self-renewal. We demonstrate that SCs play a central role in normal and cancer colon organoids. Spatial patterning of the SC self-renewal promoter gives rise to SC clusters, which mimic stem cell niches, around the organoid surface, and drive the development of invasive fingers. We also study the effects of externally applied signaling factors. Applying bone morphogenic proteins, which inhibit SC and CP self-renewal, reduces invasiveness and organoid size. Applying hepatocyte growth factor, which enhances SC self-renewal, produces larger sizes and enhances finger development at low concentrations but suppresses fingers at high concentrations. These results are consistent with recent experiments on colon organoids. Because many cancers are hierarchically organized and are subject to feedback regulation similar to that in normal tissues, our results suggest that in cancer, control of cancer stem cell self-renewal should influence the size and shape in similar ways, thereby opening the door to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Yan
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anna Konstorum
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - John S Lowengrub
- Department of Mathematics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, and Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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48
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Zhang RR, Koido M, Tadokoro T, Ouchi R, Matsuno T, Ueno Y, Sekine K, Takebe T, Taniguchi H. Human iPSC-Derived Posterior Gut Progenitors Are Expandable and Capable of Forming Gut and Liver Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:780-793. [PMID: 29429958 PMCID: PMC5919071 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early endoderm progenitors naturally possess robust propagating potential to develop a majority of meter-long gastrointestinal tracts and are therefore considered as a promising source for therapy. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible generation of human CDX2+ posterior gut endoderm cells (PGECs) from five induced pluripotent stem cell clones by manipulating FGF, TGF, and WNT signaling. Transcriptome analysis suggested that putative PGECs harbored an intermediate signature profile between definitive endoderm and organ-specific endoderm. We found that combinatorial EGF, VEGF, FGF2, Chir99021, and A83-01 treatments selectively amplify storable PGECs up to 1021 cell scale without any gene transduction or feeder use. PGECs, compared with induced pluripotent stem cells, showed stable differentiation propensity into multiple endodermal lineages without teratoma formation. Furthermore, transplantation of PGEC-derived liver bud organoids showed therapeutic potential against fulminant liver failure. Together, the robustly amplified PGECs may be a promising cellular source for endoderm-derived organoids in studying human development, modeling disease, and, ultimately, therapy. Successful activation of posteriorization program using human iPSC-derived endoderm CDX2+ PGECs exhibit a robust amplification potential after passaging and freezing PGECs with differentiation potential into hindgut and liver bud organoids PGEC liver bud transplant is therapeutically effective for acute liver failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Masaru Koido
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tadokoro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rie Ouchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Tatsuya Matsuno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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49
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Holmberg FE, Seidelin JB, Yin X, Mead BE, Tong Z, Li Y, Karp JM, Nielsen OH. Culturing human intestinal stem cells for regenerative applications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:558-570. [PMID: 28283650 PMCID: PMC5412884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally; in the industrialized world up to 0.5% of the population are affected and around 4.2 million individuals suffer from IBD in Europe and North America combined. Successful engraftment in experimental colitis models suggests that intestinal stem cell transplantation could constitute a novel treatment strategy to re-establish mucosal barrier function in patients with severe disease. Intestinal stem cells can be grown in vitro in organoid structures, though only a fraction of the cells contained are stem cells with regenerative capabilities. Hence, techniques to enrich stem cell populations are being pursued through the development of multiple two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture protocols, as well as co-culture techniques and multiple growth medium compositions. Moreover, research in support matrices allowing for efficient clinical application is in progress. In vitro culture is accomplished by modulating the signaling pathways fundamental for the stem cell niche with a suitable culture matrix to provide additional contact-dependent stimuli and structural support. The aim of this review was to discuss medium compositions and support matrices for optimal intestinal stem cell culture, as well as potential modifications to advance clinical use in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Eo Holmberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Tong
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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50
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Holmberg FE, Pedersen J, Jørgensen P, Soendergaard C, Jensen KB, Nielsen OH. Intestinal barrier integrity and inflammatory bowel disease: Stem cell‐based approaches to regenerate the barrier. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik E.O. Holmberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Jannie Pedersen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Peter Jørgensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Christoffer Soendergaard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Kim B. Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem)University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ole H. Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
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