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Hussein H, Van Remoortel S, Boeckxstaens GE. Irritable bowel syndrome: When food is a pain in the gut. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39037230 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition associated with altered bowel habits and recurrent abdominal pain, often triggered by food intake. Current treatments focus on improving stool pattern, but effective treatments for pain in IBS are still lacking due to our limited understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. Visceral hypersensitivity (VHS), or abnormal visceral pain perception, underlies abdominal pain development in IBS, and mast cell activation has been shown to play an important role in the development of VHS. Our work recently revealed that abdominal pain in response to food intake is induced by the sensitization of colonic pain-sensing neurons by histamine produced by activated mast cells following a local IgE response to food. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on abdominal pain and VHS pathophysiology in IBS, we outline the work leading to the discovery of the role of histamine in abdominal pain, and we introduce antihistamines as a novel treatment option to manage chronic abdominal pain in patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Hussein
- Center for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interactions, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel Van Remoortel
- Center for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interactions, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Center for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interactions, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Vergnolle N. Thrombin stories in the gut. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00065-8. [PMID: 38521125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of proteases in gut physiology and pathophysiology over the recent years. Among them, thrombin has appeared for a long time as an old player only involved in blood clotting upon tissue injury. The fact that thrombin receptors (Protease-Activated Receptors-1 and -4) are expressed and functional in almost all cell types of the gut, contributing to barrier, immune or motility functions, suggested that thrombin could actually be at the crossroad of intestinal physiology. Recent work has unraveled the constitutive release of active thrombin by intestinal epithelial cells, opening new research avenues on the role of thrombin in the gut. These roles are considered in the present review, as well as the regulation of thrombin in the gut. The potential of thrombin as a target for treatments of intestinal pathologies is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), CS60039, Toulouse, Cedex 03, 31024, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Ab T2N 4N1, Canada.
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3
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Hou JJ, Ding L, Yang T, Yang YF, Jin YP, Zhang XP, Ma AH, Qin YH. The proteolytic activity in inflammatory bowel disease: insight from gut microbiota. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106560. [PMID: 38272327 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease caused by the destruction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium that affects a growing number of people worldwide. Although the etiology of IBD is complex and still elucidated, the role of dysbiosis and dysregulated proteolysis is well recognized. Various studies observed altered composition and diversity of gut microbiota, as well as increased proteolytic activity (PA) in serum, plasma, colonic mucosa, and fecal supernatant of IBD compared to healthy individuals. The imbalance of intestinal microecology and intestinal protein hydrolysis were gradually considered to be closely related to IBD. Notably, the pivotal role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining proteolytic balance received increasing attention. In summary, we have speculated a mesmerizing story, regarding the hidden role of PA and microbiota-derived PA hidden in IBD. Most importantly, we provided the diagnosis and therapeutic targets for IBD as well as the formulation of new treatment strategies for other digestive diseases and protease-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yan-Fei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yue-Ping Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - A-Huo Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China.
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4
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Mu X, Liu Z, Zhao X, Yuan L, Li Y, Wang C, Xiao G, Mu J, Qiu J, Qian Y. Bisphenol A Analogues Induce Neuroendocrine Disruption via Gut-Brain Regulation in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1022-1035. [PMID: 38165294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence in humans that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) is tied to abnormal neuroendocrine function with both behavioral and intestinal symptoms. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect, particularly the role of gut-brain regulation, is poorly understood. We exposed zebrafish embryos to a concentration series (including environmentally relevant levels) of BPA and its analogues. The analogue bisphenol G (BPG) yielded the strongest behavioral impact on zebrafish larvae and inhibited the largest number of neurotransmitters, with an effective concentration of 0.5 μg/L, followed by bisphenol AF (BPAF) and BPA. In neurod1:EGFP transgenic zebrafish, BPG and BPAF inhibited the distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which is associated with decreased neurotransmitters level and behavioral activity. Immune staining of ace-α-tubulin suggested that BPAF inhibited vagal neural development at 50 and 500 μg/L. Single-cell RNA-Seq demonstrated that BPG disrupted the neuroendocrine system by inducing inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells via TNFα-trypsin-EEC signaling. BPAF exposure activated apoptosis and inhibited neural developmental pathways in vagal neurons, consistent with immunofluorescence imaging studies. These findings show that both BPG and BPAF affect the neuroendocrine system through the gut-brain axis but by different mechanisms, revealing new insights into the modes of bisphenol-mediated neuroendocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zaiteng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 214081, China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 214081, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guohua Xiao
- Hebei Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
- Hebei Marine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jiandong Mu
- Hebei Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
- Hebei Marine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Moreau T, Recoules E, De Pauw M, Labas V, Réhault-Godbert S. Evidence that the Bowman-Birk inhibitor from Pisum sativum affects intestinal proteolytic activities in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103182. [PMID: 37931399 PMCID: PMC10654233 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken diet essentially relies on soybean as the major source of proteins but there are increasing efforts to identify other protein-rich feedstuffs. Of these, some pea cultivars constitute interesting sources of proteins, although some of them contain antinutritional factors that may compromise the digestibility of their protein content. Consequently, chickens exhibit low performance, while undigested compounds rejected in feces have a negative environmental impact. In this article, we analyzed the intestinal content of chickens fed a pea diet (Pisum sativum) to decipher the mechanisms that could explain such a low digestibility. Using gelatin zymography, we observed that the contents of chicken fed the pea diet exhibit altered proteolytic activities compared with intestinal contents from chickens fed a rapeseed, corn, or soybean diet. This pea-specific profile parallels the presence of a 34 kDa protein band that resists proteolysis during the digestion process. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrated that this band contains the pea-derived Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) and 3 chicken proteases, the well-known chymotrypsinogen 2-like (CTRB2) and trypsin II-P39 (PRSS2), and the yet uncharacterized trypsin I-P38 (PRSS3). All 3 proteases are assumed to be protease targets of BBI. Molecular modeling of the interaction of pea BBI with PRSS2 and PRSS3 trypsins reveals that electrostatic features of PRSS3 may favor the formation of a BBI-PRSS3 complex at physiological pH. We hypothesize that PRSS3 is specifically expressed and secreted in the intestinal lumen to form a complex with BBI, thereby limiting its inhibitory effects on PRSS2 and chymotrypsinogen 2-like proteases. These data clearly demonstrate that in chickens, feedstuff containing active pea BBI affects intestinal proteolytic activities. Further studies on the effects of BBI on the expression of PRSS3 by digestive segments will be useful to better appreciate the impact of pea on intestine physiology and function. From these results, we suggest that PRSS3 protease may represent an interesting biomarker of digestive disorders in chickens, similar to human PRSS3 that has been associated with gut pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valérie Labas
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, University of Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; INRAE, CHU of Tours, University of Tours, PIXANIM, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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6
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Shah H, Hill TA, Lim J, Fairlie DP. Protease-activated receptor 2 attenuates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00791-6. [PMID: 37991681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major problem in cancer treatment. Doxorubicin (adriamycin) is an injectable DNA intercalating drug that halts cancer cell growth by inhibiting topoisomerase 2, but its long-term effectiveness is compromised by onset of resistance. This study demonstrates that expression of the PAR2 gene in human colon adenocarcinoma tissue samples was the highest among 32 different cancer types (n = 10,989), and higher in colon adenocarcinoma tissues (n = 331) than normal colon tissues (n = 308), revealing an association between PAR2 expression and human colon cancer. HT29 cells are a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line that is sensitive to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and also expresses PAR2. We find that PAR2 activation in HT29 cells, either by an endogenous protease agonist (trypsin) or an exogenous peptide agonist (2f-LIGRL-NH2), significantly reduces doxorubicin-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3/7 activity and cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Moreover, PAR2-mediated MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway induced by 2f-LIGRL-NH2 leads to upregulated anti-apoptotic MCL-1 and Bcl-xL proteins that promote cellular survival. These findings suggest that activation of PAR2 compromises efficacy of doxorubicin in colon cancer. Further support for this conclusion came from experiments with human colon cancer HT29 cells, either with the PAR2 gene deleted or in the presence of a pharmacological antagonist of PAR2, which showed full restoration of all doxorubicin-mediated effects. Together, these findings reveal a strong link between PAR2 activation and signalling in human colon cancer cells and increased survival against doxorubicin-induced cell death. They support PAR2 antagonism as a possible new strategy for enhancing doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Shah
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hill
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - David P Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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7
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Rao S, Grover M. Intestinal proteases. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2023; 39:472-478. [PMID: 37678185 PMCID: PMC10592107 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Proteases constitute a group of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds. Intestinal proteases are an integral part of gut homeostasis and digestion. This review discusses the broader classification of proteases, regulation of proteolytic activity (PA) in the intestinal tract, and how dysregulation of intestinal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease. We also discuss recent advancements in therapeutic modulation that directly or indirectly target intestinal proteases and can be utilized to treat these illnesses. RECENT FINDINGS Host and microbiota derived proteases have been associated with symptoms in subsets of patients with IBS, IBD and celiac disease. Elevated PA mediates barrier dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity as well as immune activation and inflammation. Recent mechanistic studies have revealed the nature of disease-associated proteases and mechanisms regulating their activity, particularly those driven by the microbiota. Advancements in activity-based probes have allowed novel ways of in vivo imaging of PA. Newer strategies targeting proteases include monoclonal antibodies, engineered microbiota as well as specific protease inhibitors. SUMMARY Significant progresses made in the detection as well as regulation of PA is likely to provide therapeutic advancements for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Soussou S, Jablaoui A, Mariaule V, Kriaa A, Boudaya H, Wysocka M, Amouri A, Gargouri A, Lesner A, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine proteases and metalloproteases are highly increased in irritable bowel syndrome Tunisian patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17571. [PMID: 37845280 PMCID: PMC10579243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are involved in many biological processes and are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathology. An increase in serine protease activity has been widely reported in IBS patients. While most of the studies focused on host proteases, the contribution of microbial proteases are poorly studied. In the present study, we report the analysis of proteolytic activities in fecal samples from the first Tunisian cohort of IBS-M patients and healthy individuals. We demonstrated, for the first time, that metalloproteases activities were fourfold higher in fecal samples of IBS patients compared to controls. Of interest, the functional characterization of serine protease activities revealed a 50-fold increase in trypsin-like activities and a threefold in both elastase- and cathepsin G-like activities. Remarkably, we also showed a fourfold increase in proteinase 3-like activity in the case of IBS. This study also provides insight into the alteration of gut microbiota and its potential role in proteolytic modulation in IBS. Our results stressed the impact of the disequilibrium of serine proteases, metalloproteases and gut microbiota in IBS and the need of the further characterization of these targets to set out new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha Soussou
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Houda Boudaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Ali Amouri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Tanaka K, Tanigawa N, Song I, Komatsu T, Kuriki Y, Tanaka Y, Fukudo S, Urano Y, Fukuda S. A protease activity-based machine-learning approach as a complementary tool for conventional diagnosis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1179534. [PMID: 37485510 PMCID: PMC10361618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1179534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has no clinically accepted biomarkers even though it affects a large number of individuals worldwide. To address this lack of understanding, we evaluated peptidase activity in fecal samples from 35 patients with diarrheal IBS without symptom exacerbation (IBS-n) and 35 healthy subjects using a library of 384 fluorescent enzymatic substrate probes. IBS-n patients had high trypsin-like peptidase activity for cleavage of C-terminal lysine and arginine residues and low elastase-like activity for cleavage of C-terminal serine and glycine residues. These fluorescent probe library data, together with diagnostic machine-learning techniques, were able to accurately predict IBS-n. This approach can be used to diagnose diseases where no clinically accepted biomarkers exist, in which fecal enzyme activity is altered and also suggests that the development of new therapies targeting enzyme activities is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tanaka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanigawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Isaiah Song
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Kuriki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Vanuytsel T, Bercik P, Boeckxstaens G. Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut-brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders. Gut 2023; 72:787-798. [PMID: 36657961 PMCID: PMC10086308 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders-recently renamed into disorders of gut-brain interaction-such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered as motility disorders or even psychosomatic conditions, our understanding of the pathophysiology has evolved significantly over the last two decades. Initial observations of subtle mucosal infiltration with immune cells, especially mast cells and eosinophils, are since recently being backed up by mechanistic evidence demonstrating increased release of nociceptive mediators by immune cells and the intestinal epithelium. These mediators can activate sensitised neurons leading to visceral hypersensitivity with bothersome symptoms. The interaction between immune activation and an impaired barrier function of the gut is most likely a bidirectional one with alterations in the microbiota, psychological stress and food components as upstream players in the pathophysiology. Only few immune-targeting treatments are currently available, but an improved understanding through a multidisciplinary scientific approach will hopefully identify novel, more precise treatment targets with ultimately better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMeta), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMeta), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Acute Stress Regulates Sex-Related Molecular Responses in the Human Jejunal Mucosa: Implications for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030423. [PMID: 36766765 PMCID: PMC9913488 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and life stress. We have previously reported that female sex per se determines an increased susceptibility to intestinal barrier dysfunction after cold pain stress (CPS). We aimed to identify sex-related molecular differences in response to CPS in healthy subjects to understand the origin of sex bias predominance in IBS. In 13 healthy males and 21 females, two consecutive jejunal biopsies were obtained using Watson's capsule, at baseline, and ninety minutes after CPS. Total mucosal RNA and protein were isolated from jejunal biopsies. Expression of genes related to epithelial barrier (CLDN1, CLDN2, OCLN, ZO-1, and ZO-3), mast cell (MC) activation (TPSAB1, SERPINA1), and the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) were analyzed using RT-qPCR. NR3C1, ZO-1 and OCLN protein expression were evaluated through immunohistochemistry and western blot, and mucosal inflammation through MC, lymphocyte, and eosinophil numbering. Autonomic, hormonal, and psychological responses to CPS were monitored. We found an increase in jejunal MCs, a reduced CLDN1 and OCLN expression, and an increased CLDN2 and SERPINA1 expression 90 min after CPS. We also found a significant decrease in ZO-1, OCLN, and NR3C1 gene expression, and a decrease in OCLN protein expression only in females, when compared to males. CPS induced a significant increase in blood pressure, plasma cortisol and ACTH, and subjective stress perception in all participants. Specific and independent sex-related molecular responses in epithelial barrier regulation are unraveled by acute stress in the jejunum of healthy subjects and may partially explain female predominance in IBS.
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12
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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13
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Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity, a fundamental mechanism of chronic visceral pain disorders, can result from both central or peripheral factors, or their combination. As an important regulator of normal gut function, the gut microbiota has been implicated as a key peripheral factor in the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity. Patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, often present with abdominal pain secondary to adverse reactions to dietary components. As both long- and short-term diets are major determinants of gut microbiota configuration that can result in changes in microbial metabolic output, it is becoming increasingly recognized that diet-microbiota interactions play an important role in the genesis of visceral sensitivity. Changes in pain signaling may occur via diet-induced changes in secretion of mediators by both the microbiota and/or host cells. This review will examine the peripheral influence of diet-microbiota interactions underlying increased visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E. Reed
- GI Diseases Research Unit, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,CONTACT Premysl Bercik Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Tian S, Zhang H, Chen S, Wu P, Chen M. Global research progress of visceral hypersensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome: bibliometrics and visualized analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175057. [PMID: 37201020 PMCID: PMC10185792 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of functional intestinal disorders characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, and/or stool characteristics. Recent studies have shown that there has been a significant advancement in the study of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. Through the use of bibliometrics, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotpots of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. Methods: Publications related to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS from 2012 to 2022 were searched on the web of science core collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace.6.1. R2 and Vosviewer 1.6.17 were used to perform bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 974 articles led by China and the United States from 52 countries were included. Over the past decade, the number of articles on visceral hypersensitivity and IBS has steadily increased year by year. China, the United States, and Belgium are the main countries in this field. Univ Oklahoma, Univ Gothenburg, and Zhejiang University are the main research institutions. Simren, Magnus, Greenwood-van meerveld, Beverley, and Tack, Jan are the most published authors in this research field. The research on the causes, genes, and pathways involved in visceral hypersensitivity in IBS and the mechanism of IBS are the main topics and hotspots in this field. This study also found that gut microbiota may be related to the occurrence of visceral hypersensitivity, and probiotics may be a new method for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity and pain, which may become a new direction for research in this field. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research trends and developments of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. This information provides the research frontier and hot topics in this field in recent years, which will provide a reference for scholars studying this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengning Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen,
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Abstract
Proteases are an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that degrade peptide bonds and have been implicated in several common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Although luminal proteolytic activity is important for maintenance of homeostasis and health, the current review describes recent advances in our understanding of how overactivity of luminal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and GI infections. Luminal proteases, many of which are produced by the microbiota, can modulate the immunogenicity of dietary antigens, reduce mucosal barrier function and activate pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive host signaling. Increased proteolytic activity has been ascribed to both increases in protease production and decreases in inhibitors of luminal proteases. With the identification of strains of bacteria that are important sources of proteases and their inhibitors, the stage is set to develop drug or microbial therapies to restore protease balance and alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mabel Guzman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E. Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada,CONTACT Alan E. Lomax Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
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16
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Shin A, Kashyap PC. Multi-omics for biomarker approaches in the diagnostic evaluation and management of abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome: what lies ahead. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2195792. [PMID: 37009874 PMCID: PMC10072066 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2195792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable biomarkers for common disorders of gut-brain interaction characterized by abdominal pain, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are critically needed to enhance care and develop individualized therapies. The dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie visceral hypersensitivity have challenged successful biomarker development. Consequently, effective therapies for pain in IBS are lacking. However, recent advances in modern omics technologies offer new opportunities to acquire deep biological insights into mechanisms of pain and nociception. Newer methods for large-scale data integration of complementary omics approaches have further expanded our ability to build a holistic understanding of complex biological networks and their co-contributions to abdominal pain. Here, we review the mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity, focusing on IBS. We discuss candidate biomarkers for pain in IBS identified through single omics studies and summarize emerging multi-omics approaches for developing novel biomarkers that may transform clinical care for patients with IBS and abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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17
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Lv J, Liu J, Chao G, Zhang S. PARs in the inflammation-cancer transformation of CRC. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 25:1242-1251. [PMID: 36547764 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignancies with a global trend of increasing incidence and mortality. There is an urgent need to identify new predictive markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a class of G-protein-coupled receptors, with currently identified subtypes including PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4. Increasingly, studies suggest that PARs play an important role in the growth and metastasis of CRC. By targeting multiple signaling pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRC. In this review, we first describe recent studies on the role of PARs in CRC inflammation-cancer transformation, focusing on the important role of PARs in signaling pathways associated with inflammation-cancer transformation, and summarize the progress of research on PARs-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanqun Chao
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hanghou, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Tuck CJ, Abu Omar A, De Palma G, Osman S, Jiménez-Vargas NN, Yu Y, Bennet SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco JO, Baker CC, Bennett AS, Guzman-Rodriguez M, Tsang Q, Alward T, Rolland S, Morissette C, Verdu EF, Bercik P, Vanner SJ, Lomax AE, Reed DE. Changes in signalling from faecal neuroactive metabolites following dietary modulation of IBS pain. Gut 2022; 72:gutjnl-2022-327260. [PMID: 36591617 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have received increasing interest but predicting which patients will benefit remains a challenge due to a lack of mechanistic insight. We recently found evidence of a role for the microbiota in dietary modulation of pain signalling in a humanised mouse model of IBS. This randomised cross-over study aimed to test the hypothesis that pain relief following reduced consumption of fermentable carbohydrates is the result of changes in luminal neuroactive metabolites. DESIGN IBS (Rome IV) participants underwent four trial periods: two non-intervention periods, followed by a diet low (LFD) and high in fermentable carbohydrates for 3 weeks each. At the end of each period, participants completed questionnaires and provided stool. The effects of faecal supernatants (FS) collected before (IBS FS) and after a LFD (LFD FS) on nociceptive afferent neurons were assessed in mice using patch-clamp and ex vivo colonic afferent nerve recording techniques. RESULTS Total IBS symptom severity score and abdominal pain were reduced by the LFD (N=25; p<0.01). Excitability of neurons was increased in response to IBS FS, but this effect was reduced (p<0.01) with LFD FS from pain-responders. IBS FS from pain-responders increased mechanosensitivity of nociceptive afferent nerve axons (p<0.001), an effect lost following LFD FS administration (p=NS) or when IBS FS was administered in the presence of antagonists of histamine receptors or protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In a subset of IBS patients with improvement in abdominal pain following a LFD, there is a decrease in pronociceptive signalling from FS, suggesting that changes in luminal mediators may contribute to symptom response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Tuck
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amal Abu Omar
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Osman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Mp Bennet
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Sw Bennett
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Quentin Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Alward
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastien Rolland
- Department of Medicine, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celine Morissette
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Berger M, Guiraud L, Dumas A, Sagnat D, Payros G, Rolland C, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Cenac N, Racaud-Sultan C. Prenatal stress induces changes in PAR2- and M3-dependent regulation of colon primitive cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G609-G626. [PMID: 36283083 PMCID: PMC9722261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00061.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress is associated with a high risk of developing adult intestinal pathologies, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Although epithelial stem cells and progenitors have been implicated in intestinal pathophysiology, how prenatal stress could impact their functions is still unknown. We have investigated the proliferative and differentiation capacities of primitive cells using epithelial crypts isolated from colons of adult male and female mice whose mothers have been stressed during late gestation. Our results show that stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation in vitro are negatively impacted by prenatal stress in male progeny. This is promoted by a reinforcement of the negative proliferative/differentiation control by the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and the muscarinic receptor 3 (M3), two G protein-coupled receptors present in the crypt. Conversely, prenatal stress does not change in vitro proliferation of colon primitive cells in female progeny. Importantly, this maintenance is associated with a functional switch in the M3 negative control of colonoid growth, becoming proliferative after prenatal stress. In addition, the proliferative role of PAR2 specific to females is maintained under prenatal stress, even though PAR2-targeted stress signals Dusp6 and activated GSK3β are increased, reaching the levels of males. An epithelial serine protease could play a critical role in the activation of the survival kinase GSK3β in colonoids from prenatally stressed female progeny. Altogether, our results show that following prenatal stress, colon primitive cells cope with stress through sexually dimorphic mechanisms that could pave the way to dysregulated crypt regeneration and intestinal pathologies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Primitive cells isolated from mouse colon following prenatal stress and exposed to additional stress conditions such as in vitro culture, present sexually dimorphic mechanisms based on PAR2- and M3-dependent regulation of proliferation and differentiation. Whereas prenatal stress reinforces the physiological negative control exerted by PAR2 and M3 in crypts from males, in females, it induces a switch in M3- and PAR2-dependent regulation leading to a resistant and proliferative phenotype of progenitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Berger
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Dumas
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Payros
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France,2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- 1Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Institut
National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et
l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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20
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Torres-Maravilla E, Holowacz S, Delannoy J, Lenoir L, Jacouton E, Gervason S, Meynier M, Boucard AS, Carvalho FA, Barbut F, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Langella P, Waligora-Dupriet AJ. Serpin-positive Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-5644 improves intestinal permeability in two models of irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19776. [PMID: 36396717 PMCID: PMC9672316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation can help to mitigate the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by reinforcing the intestinal barrier, and reducing both inflammation and proteolytic activity. Here, a combination of in vitro tests was performed on 33 Bifidobacterium strains as probiotic candidates for IBS. In addition to the classical tests performed, the detection of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) enzyme capable of decreasing the high proteolytic activity found in IBS patients was included. Three serpin-positive strains were selected: Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-5644, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CNCM I-5645 and B. longum CNCM I-5646 for their immunomodulation properties and protection of intestinal epithelial integrity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that B. breve CNCM I-5644 strain prevented intestinal hyperpermeability by upregulating Cingulin and Tight Junction Protein 1 mRNA levels and reducing pro-inflammatory markers. The ability of CNCM I-5644 strain to restore intestinal hyperpermeability (FITC-dextran) was shown in the murine model of low-grade inflammation induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). This effect of this strain was corroborated in a second model of IBS, the neonatal maternal separation model in mice. Altogether, these data suggest that serpin-positive B. breve CNCM I-5644 may partially prevent disorders associated with increased barrier permeability such as IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Torres-Maravilla
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Holowacz
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Johanne Delannoy
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Lenoir
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Elsa Jacouton
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sandie Gervason
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INSERM UMR 1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maëva Meynier
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INSERM UMR 1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Boucard
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric A. Carvalho
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INSERM UMR 1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109National Reference Laboratory for C. Difficile, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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21
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Camilleri M, Magnus Y, Carlson P, Wang XJ, Chedid V, Maselli D, Taylor A, McKinzie S, Kengunte Nagaraj N, Busciglio I, Nair A. Differential mRNA expression in ileal and colonic biopsies in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea or constipation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G88-G101. [PMID: 35502856 PMCID: PMC9291427 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00063.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered mucosal functions are documented in jejunal or colorectal mucosa from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to quantify ileal, ascending, and rectosigmoid colon mucosal expression of genes in IBS-diarrhea (D) and IBS-constipation (C). Forty-four patients with IBS-D, 30 with IBS-C, and 30 healthy volunteers underwent colonoscopic ileal, ascending, and rectosigmoid colon biopsies. Biopsies were stored in RNAlater at -80 °C, purified with on-column DNase, cDNA libraries prepared from 100-200 ng of total RNA, sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000, and analyzed on Illumina's RTA version 3.4.4. Normalized mRNA expression was obtained using MAP-RSeq bioinformatics pipeline. Differential expressions in the groups (Log2-fold change) were measured using the bioinformatics package edgeR 2.6.2, corrected for false discovery rate (PADJ <0.05). There were 30 females with IBS-C and 31 females and 13 males with IBS-D. In IBS-D and IBS-C groups, there were differential expressions of 181 genes in ascending colon and 199 genes in rectosigmoid colon. The majority were gene upregulations in IBS-D with functions reflecting activation of inflammation genes, TRPV1 (visceral hypersensitivity) and neurotransmitters/receptors (specifically purinergic, GABA, and cannabinoid). Although gene differential expressions in the ascending and rectosigmoid colon mucosa of the two groups were different, the diverse upregulated genes involved immune functions, receptors, transmitters, ion channels, and transporters. Conversely, there was reduced expression of PI15 and PI16 genes that inhibit proteases. In patients with IBS-D and IBS-C, differential expressions of genes related to immune, transmitter, nociceptive, protease inhibition, channel, and transporter functions suggest opportunities to reverse the pathobiology and treat patients with IBS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study compares gene expression in mucosa of the terminal ileum, right colon, and left colon in patients with diarrhea- or constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and contrasts expression between these two disease entities and also between each entity and mucosa from healthy controls. The study shows there is differential expression of genes related to immune, transmitter, nociceptive, ion channel, and transporter functions, as well as reduced serine protease inhibition, in patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yorick Magnus
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paula Carlson
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiao Jing Wang
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Victor Chedid
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Maselli
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ann Taylor
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sanna McKinzie
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Irene Busciglio
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiology Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Asha Nair
- 2Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Zhang Q, Huang H, Zhang M, Fang C, Wang N, Jing X, Guo J, Sun W, Yang X, Xu Z. Exome Sequencing Reveals Genetic Variability and Identifies Chronic Prognostic Loci in Chinese Sarcoidosis Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910227. [PMID: 35860586 PMCID: PMC9289133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma formation in various organs, with several recognized genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite substantial progress, the genetic determinants associated with its prognosis remain largely unknown. Objectives This study aimed to identify the genetic changes involved in sarcoidosis and evaluate their clinical relevance. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 116 sporadic sarcoidosis patients (acute sarcoidosis patients, n=58; chronic sarcoidosis patients, n=58). In addition, 208 healthy controls were selected from 1000 G East Asian population data. To identify genes enriched in sarcoidosis, Fisher exact tests were performed. The identified genes were included for further pathway analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Additionally, we used the STRING database to construct a protein network of rare variants and Cytoscape to identify hub genes of signaling pathways. Results WES and Fisher’s exact test identified 1,311 variants in 439 protein-coding genes. A total of 135 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 30 protein-coding genes involved in the immunological process based on the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis showed osteoclast differentiation and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions. Three missense mutations (rs76740888, rs149664918, and rs78251590) in two genes (PRSS3 and CNN2) of immune-related genes showed significantly different mutation frequencies between the disease group and healthy controls. The correlation of genetic abnormalities with clinical outcomes using multivariate analysis of the clinical features and mutation loci showed that the missense variant (rs76740888, Chr9:33796673 G>A) of PRSS3 [p=0.04, odds ratio (OR) = 2.49] was significantly associated with chronic disease prognosis. Additionally, the top two hub genes were CCL4 and CXCR4 based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and identifies novel genetic alterations in this disease, especially PRSS3, which may be promising targets for future therapeutic strategies for chronic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chuling Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zuojun Xu,
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23
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Ceuleers H, Hanning N, De Bruyn M, De Man JG, De Schepper HU, Li Q, Liu L, Abrams S, Smet A, Joossens J, Augustyns K, De Meester I, Pasricha PJ, De Winter BY. The Effect of Serine Protease Inhibitors on Visceral Pain in Different Rodent Models With an Intestinal Insult. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:765744. [PMID: 35721192 PMCID: PMC9201642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.765744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serine proteases are believed to play a key role in the origin of abdominal pain in IBD and IBS. We previously demonstrated a reduction of visceral pain in a post-inflammatory IBS rat model after a single intraperitoneal or intracolonic administration of a serine protease inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of serine protease inhibition on visceral pain in two different animal models involving a colonic insult based either on acute inflammation or on neonatal irritation. Moreover, protease profiling was explored in the acute colitis model. Methods: An acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis rat model and a chronic neonatal acetic acid mouse model were used in this study. Visceral sensitivity was quantified by visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the serine protease inhibitors nafamostat, UAMC-00050 or their vehicles. Colonic samples from acute colitis rats were used to quantify the mRNA expression of a panel of serine proteases and mast cell tryptase by immunohistochemistry. Finally, proteolytic activities in colonic and fecal samples were characterized using fluorogenic substrates. Key Results: We showed a significant and pressure-dependent increase in visceral hypersensitivity in acute colitis and neonatal acetic acid models. UAMC-00050 and nafamostat significantly reduced VMRs in both animal models. In acute colitis rats, the administration of a serine protease inhibitor did not affect the inflammatory parameters. Protease profiling of these acute colitis animals revealed an increased tryptase immunoreactivity and a downregulation of matriptase at the mRNA level after inflammation. The administration of UAMC-00050 resulted in a decreased elastase-like activity in the colon associated with a significantly increased elastase-like activity in fecal samples of acute colitis animals. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that serine proteases play an important role in visceral hypersensitivity in an acute TNBS colitis model in rats and a neonatal acetic acid model in mice. Moreover, we hypothesize a potential mechanism of action of UAMC-00050 via the alteration of elastase-like proteolytic activity in acute inflammation. Taken together, we provided fundamental evidence for serine protease inhibitors as a promising new therapeutic strategy for abdominal pain in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michelle De Bruyn
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heiko U De Schepper
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven Abrams
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Data Science Institute, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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24
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Decraecker L, Boeckxstaens G, Denadai-Souza A. Inhibition of Serine Proteases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Abdominal Pain in IBS. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880422. [PMID: 35665224 PMCID: PMC9161638 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central mechanism underlying abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, protease inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to manage abdominal pain in this functional gastrointestinal disorder. With this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the implications of serine proteases in the development of abdominal pain in IBS, along with a critical assessment of the current developments and prospects of protease inhibitors as a therapeutic tool. In particular, we highlight the current knowledge gap concerning the identity of dysregulated serine proteases that are released by the rectal mucosa of IBS patients. Finally, we suggest a workflow with state-of-the-art techniques that will help address the knowledge gap, guiding future research towards the development of more effective and selective protease inhibitors to manage abdominal pain in IBS.
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25
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Edwinson AL, Yang L, Peters S, Hanning N, Jeraldo P, Jagtap P, Simpson JB, Yang TY, Kumar P, Mehta S, Nair A, Breen-Lyles M, Chikkamenahalli L, Graham RP, De Winter B, Patel R, Dasari S, Kashyap P, Griffin T, Chen J, Farrugia G, Redinbo MR, Grover M. Gut microbial β-glucuronidases regulate host luminal proteases and are depleted in irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:680-694. [PMID: 35484230 PMCID: PMC9081267 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal proteases mediate digestion and immune signaling, while increased gut proteolytic activity disrupts the intestinal barrier and generates visceral hypersensitivity, which in common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanisms controlling protease function are unclear. Here we show that members of the gut microbiota suppress intestinal proteolytic activity through production of unconjugated bilirubin. This occurs via microbial β-glucuronidase-mediated conversion of bilirubin conjugates. Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from patients with post-infection IBS (n=52) revealed an altered gut microbiota composition, in particular a reduction in Alistipes taxa, and high gut proteolytic activity driven by specific host serine proteases compared to controls. Germ-free mice showed 10-fold higher proteolytic activity compared with conventional mice. Colonization with microbiota from high proteolytic activity IBS patients failed to suppress proteolytic activity in germ-free mice, but suppression of proteolytic activity was achieved with colonization using microbiota from healthy donors. High proteolytic activity mice had higher intestinal permeability, a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and a reduction in Alistipes taxa compared with low proteolytic activity mice. High proteolytic activity IBS patients had lower fecal β-glucuronidase activity and end-products of bilirubin deconjugation. Mice treated with unconjugated bilirubin and β-glucuronidase overexpressing E. coli, which significantly reduced proteolytic activity, while inhibitors of microbial β-glucuronidases increased proteolytic activity. Together, these data define a disease-relevant mechanism of host-microbial interaction that maintains protease homeostasis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med, research center of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Pratik Jagtap
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Subina Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Asha Nair
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benedicte De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med, research center of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Wiley JW, Higgins GA, Hong S. Chronic psychological stress alters gene expression in rat colon epithelial cells promoting chromatin remodeling, barrier dysfunction and inflammation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13287. [PMID: 35509963 PMCID: PMC9059753 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is commonly associated with enhanced abdominal pain (visceral hypersensitivity), but the cellular mechanisms underlying how chronic stress induces visceral hypersensitivity are poorly understood. In this study, we examined changes in gene expression in colon epithelial cells from a rat model using RNA-sequencing to examine stress-induced changes to the transcriptome. Following chronic stress, the most significantly up-regulated genes included Atg16l1, Coq10b, Dcaf13, Nat2, Ptbp2, Rras2, Spink4 and down-regulated genes including Abat, Cited2, Cnnm2, Dab2ip, Plekhm1, Scd2, and Tab2. The primary altered biological processes revealed by network enrichment analysis were inflammation/immune response, tissue morphogenesis and development, and nucleosome/chromatin assembly. The most significantly down-regulated process was the digestive system development/function, whereas the most significantly up-regulated processes were inflammatory response, organismal injury, and chromatin remodeling mediated by H3K9 methylation. Furthermore, a subpopulation of stressed rats demonstrated very significantly altered gene expression and transcript isoforms, enriched for the differential expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, including upregulation of cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression coupled with downregulation of epithelial adherens and tight junction mRNAs. In summary, these findings support that chronic stress is associated with increased levels of cytokines and chemokines, their downstream signaling pathways coupled to dysregulation of intestinal cell development and function. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin remodeling likely plays a prominent role in this process. Results also suggest that super enhancers play a primary role in chronic stress-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Gerald A. Higgins
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shuangsong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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27
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Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Hotakainen K, Lempiäinen A, Jokelainen K, Färkkilä M, Stenman UH. Immunoassay for trypsinogen-4. Anal Biochem 2022; 648:114681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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28
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Zhao L, Ren P, Wang M, Wang J, He X, Gu J, Lu Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Wang L, Li H. Changes in intestinal barrier protein expression and intestinal flora in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14299. [PMID: 34821442 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier and visceral hypersensitivity are main pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study aimed to establish a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity and explore mechanisms involved the changes of the intestinal barrier protein expression and intestinal flora. METHODS A rat model of visceral hypersensitivity was established and evaluated using abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores, colonic paracellular permeability, and gastrointestinal motility. The expression of tight junction proteins, aquaporin proteins (AQPs), phosphorylated ERK, and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) was determined. The intestinal microflora was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. KEY RESULTS In model rats, AWR score and fecal water content were significantly increased, gastrointestinal motilities were disorder and characterized by an inhibition of gastric motility and an enhancement of small intestinal and colonic movement. The expressions of colonic occludin, ZO-1, AQP3, and AQP8 were decreased but claudin-2 and claudin-4 were markedly increased. Imbalance of intestinal flora appeared and showed an obvious decrease of Lactobacillus and an increase of Clostridiales_bacterium. Additionally, the total serine protease activity in feces, the expressions of PAR2 and phosphorylated ERK in the colon tissues were increased significantly. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES The model rats of visceral hypersensitivity possess the decreased expression of occludin, ZO-1, AQP3, AQP8, and the increased expression of claudin-2 and claudin-4, meanwhile develop an imbalance of intestinal flora which probably increase serine protease activity, thereby activating the PAR2/ERK signaling and causing the intestinal barrier disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miaolei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueyun He
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Gu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Lu
- Function Laboratory in College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yana Wu
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longde Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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29
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Heinilä LMP, Jokela J, Ahmed MN, Wahlsten M, Kumar S, Hrouzek P, Permi P, Koistinen H, Fewer DP, Sivonen K. Discovery of varlaxins, new aeruginosin-type inhibitors of human trypsins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2681-2692. [PMID: 35293909 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular weight natural products display vast structural diversity and have played a key role in the development of novel therapeutics. Here we report the discovery of novel members of the aeruginosin family of natural products, which we named varlaxins. The chemical structures of varlaxins 1046A and 1022A were determined using a combination of mass spectrometry, analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra, and HPLC analysis of Marfey's derivatives. These analyses revealed that varlaxins 1046A and 1022A are composed of the following moieties: 2-O-methylglyceric acid 3-O-sulfate, isoleucine, 2-carboxy-6-hydroxyoctahydroindole (Choi), and a terminal arginine derivative. Varlaxins 1046A and 1022A differ in the cyclization of this arginine moiety. Interestingly, an unusual α-D-glucopyranose moiety derivatized with two 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid residues was bound to Choi, a structure not previously reported for other members of the aeruginosin family. We sequenced the complete genome of Nostoc sp. UHCC 0870 and identified the putative 36 kb varlaxin biosynthetic gene cluster. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that varlaxins belong to the aeruginosin family of natural products. Varlaxins 1046A and 1022A strongly inhibited the three human trypsin isoenzymes with IC50 of 0.62-3.6 nM and 97-230 nM, respectively, including a prometastatic trypsin-3, which is a therapeutically relevant target in several types of cancer. These results substantially broaden the genetic and chemical diversity of the aeruginosin family and provide evidence that the aeruginosin family is a source of strong inhibitors of human serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M P Heinilä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - J Jokela
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M N Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - S Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - P Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - P Permi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D P Fewer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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30
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Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Hussein H, Boeckxstaens GE. Immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: what is the evidence? Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:674-686. [PMID: 35296814 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. It affects between 5 and 20% of the general population and can seriously impact quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is rather complex and multifactorial including, for example, altered signalling by the gut-brain axis, dysbiosis, abnormal visceral pain signalling and intestinal immune activation. The latter has gained particular interest in recent years, with growing insight into the bidirectional communication between the nervous system and the immune system. In this Review, we detail the current evidence suggesting that immune activation contributes to the pathology seen in patients with IBS and discuss the potential mechanisms involved. Moreover, we describe how immune mediators, particularly those released by mast cells, can directly activate or sensitize pain-transmitting nerves, leading to increased pain signalling and abdominal pain. Finally, we discuss the potential of interventions targeting immune activation as a new therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hind Hussein
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Digestive Enzyme Activity and Protein Degradation in Plasma of Heart Failure Patients. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:583-596. [PMID: 34900012 PMCID: PMC8630255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heart failure is associated with degradation of cell functions and extracellular matrix proteins, but the trigger mechanisms are uncertain. Our recent evidence shows that active digestive enzymes can leak out of the small intestine into the systemic circulation and cause cell dysfunctions and organ failure. Methods Accordingly, we investigated in morning fasting plasma of heart failure (HF) patients the presence of pancreatic trypsin, a major enzyme responsible for digestion. Results Western analysis shows that trypsin in plasma is significantly elevated in HF compared to matched controls and their concentrations correlate with the cardiac dysfunction biomarker BNP and inflammatory biomarkers CRP and TNF-α. The plasma trypsin levels in HF are accompanied by elevated pancreatic lipase concentrations. The trypsin has a significantly elevated activity as determined by substrate cleavage. Mass spectrometry shows that the number of plasma proteins in the HF patients is similar to controls while the number of peptides was increased about 20% in HF patients. The peptides are derived from extracellular and intracellular protein sources and exhibit cleavage sites by trypsin as well as other degrading proteases (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026332). Connclusions These results provide the first evidence that active digestive enzymes leak into the systemic circulation and may participate in myocardial cell dysfunctions and tissue destruction in HF patients. Conclusions These results provide the first evidence that active digestive enzymes leak into the systemic circulation and may participate in myocardial cell dysfunctions and tissue destruction in HF patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00693-w.
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Layer P, Andresen V, Allescher H, Bischoff SC, Claßen M, Elsenbruch S, Freitag M, Frieling T, Gebhard M, Goebel-Stengel M, Häuser W, Holtmann G, Keller J, Kreis ME, Kruis W, Langhorst J, Jansen PL, Madisch A, Mönnikes H, Müller-Lissner S, Niesler B, Pehl C, Pohl D, Raithel M, Röhrig-Herzog G, Schemann M, Schmiedel S, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Storr M, Preiß JC, Andus T, Buderus S, Ehlert U, Engel M, Enninger A, Fischbach W, Gillessen A, Gschossmann J, Gundling F, Haag S, Helwig U, Hollerbach S, Karaus M, Katschinski M, Krammer H, Kuhlbusch-Zicklam R, Matthes H, Menge D, Miehlke S, Posovszky MC, Schaefert R, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Schwandner O, Schweinlin A, Seidl H, Stengel A, Tesarz J, van der Voort I, Voderholzer W, von Boyen G, von Schönfeld J, Wedel T. Update S3-Leitlinie Reizdarmsyndrom: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie und Motilität (DGNM) – Juni 2021 – AWMF-Registriernummer: 021/016. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:1323-1415. [PMID: 34891206 DOI: 10.1055/a-1591-4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Layer
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - V Andresen
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - H Allescher
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Gastroent., Hepatologie u. Stoffwechsel, Klinikum Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland
| | - S C Bischoff
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - M Claßen
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - S Elsenbruch
- Klinik für Neurologie, Translational Pain Research Unit, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland.,Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - M Freitag
- Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin Department für Versorgungsforschung, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - T Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - M Gebhard
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Pathologie-Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Goebel-Stengel
- Innere Medizin II, Helios Klinik Rottweil, Rottweil, und Innere Medizin VI, Psychosomat. Medizin u. Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - W Häuser
- Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
| | - G Holtmann
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australien
| | - J Keller
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M E Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - J Langhorst
- Klinik für Integrative Medizin und Naturheilkunde, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Bamberg, Deutschland
| | - P Lynen Jansen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Madisch
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, interventionelle Endoskopie und Diabetologie, Klinikum Siloah, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - H Mönnikes
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - B Niesler
- Abteilung Molekulare Humangenetik Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C Pehl
- Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg, Vilsbiburg, Deutschland
| | - D Pohl
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - M Raithel
- Medizinische Klinik II m.S. Gastroenterologie und Onkologie, Waldkrankenhaus St. Marien, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | | | - M Schemann
- Lehrstuhl für Humanbiologie, TU München, Deutschland
| | - S Schmiedel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schwille-Kiuntke
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.,Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - M Storr
- Zentrum für Endoskopie, Gesundheitszentrum Starnberger See, Starnberg, Deutschland
| | - J C Preiß
- Klinik für Innere Medizin - Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie und Hepatologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
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Motta JP, Deraison C, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Vergnolle N. PAR-1 Antagonism to Promote Gut Mucosa Healing in Crohn's Disease Patients: A New Avenue for CVT120165. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S33-S37. [PMID: 34791291 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm has been added for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to resolving symptoms and inflammatory cell activation, the objective of tissue repair and mucosal healing is also now considered a primary goal. In the search of mediators that would be responsible for delayed mucosal healing, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) has emerged as a most interesting target. Indeed, in Crohn's disease, the endogenous PAR-1 agonist thrombin is drastically activated. Activation of PAR-1 is known to be associated with epithelial dysfunctions that hamper mucosal homeostasis. This review gathers the scientific evidences of a potential role for PAR-1 in mucosal damage and mucosal dysfunctions associated with chronic intestinal inflammation. The potential clinical benefits of PAR-1 antagonism to promote mucosal repair in CD patients are discussed. Targeted local delivery of a PAR-1 antagonist molecule such as CVT120165, a formulated version of the FDA-approved PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar, at the mucosa of Crohn's disease patients could be proposed as a new indication for IBD that could be rapidly tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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De bruyn M, Ceuleers H, Hanning N, Berg M, De Man JG, Hulpiau P, Hermans C, Stenman UH, Koistinen H, Lambeir AM, De Winter BY, De Meester I. Proteolytic Cleavage of Bioactive Peptides and Protease-Activated Receptors in Acute and Post-Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10711. [PMID: 34639054 PMCID: PMC8509398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome has been studied extensively using synthetic fluorogenic substrates targeting specific sets of proteases. We explored activities in colonic tissue from a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model by investigating the cleavage of bioactive peptides. Pure trypsin- and elastase-like proteases on the one hand and colonic tissue from rats with TNBS-induced colitis in the acute or post-inflammatory phase on the other, were incubated with relevant peptides to identify their cleavage pattern by mass spectrometry. An increased cleavage of several peptides was observed in the colon from acute colitis rats. The tethered ligand (TL) sequences of peptides mimicking the N-terminus of protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 were significantly unmasked by acute colitis samples and these cleavages were positively correlated with thrombin activity. Increased cleavage of β-endorphin and disarming of the TL-sequence of the PAR3-based peptide were observed in acute colitis and linked to chymotrypsin-like activity. Increased processing of the enkephalins points to the involvement of proteases with specificities different from trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like enzymes. In conclusion, our results suggest thrombin, chymotrypsin-like proteases and a set of proteases with different specificities as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle De bruyn
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Center (BiKC), Howest University of Applied Sciences, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (P.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cedric Hermans
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Center (BiKC), Howest University of Applied Sciences, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (P.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (U.-H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (U.-H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
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Solà Tapias N, Denadai-Souza A, Rolland-Fourcade C, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Blanpied C, Marcellin M, Edir A, Rolland C, Cirillo C, Dietrich G, Alric L, Portier G, Kirzin S, Bonnet D, Mas E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Vergnolle N, Barreau F. Colitis Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Trypsin Activity Affecting Epithelial Functions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1528-1541. [PMID: 33609354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit an excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress [ER stress] linked to altered intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Colonic tissues and the luminal content of IBD patients are also characterized by increased serine protease activity. The possible link between ER stress and serine protease activity in colitis-associated epithelial dysfunctions is unknown. We aimed to study the association between ER stress and serine protease activity in enterocytes and its impact on intestinal functions. METHODS The impact of ER stress induced by Thapsigargin on serine protease secretion was studied using either human intestinal cell lines or organoids. Moreover, treating human intestinal cells with protease-activated receptor antagonists allowed us to investigate ER stress-resulting molecular mechanisms that induce proteolytic activity and alter intestinal epithelial cell biology. RESULTS Colonic biopsies from IBD patients exhibited increased epithelial trypsin-like activity associated with elevated ER stress. Induction of ER stress in human intestinal epithelial cells displayed enhanced apical trypsin-like activity. ER stress-induced increased trypsin activity destabilized intestinal barrier function by increasing permeability and by controlling inflammatory mediators such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]. The deleterious impact of ER stress-associated trypsin activity was specifically dependent on the activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Excessive ER stress in IECs caused an increased release of trypsin activity that, in turn, altered intestinal barrier function, promoting the development of inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Cirillo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Makarova AA, Ruchkina IN, Parfenov AI, Indeykina LK, Romashkina NV. The role of visceral hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:969-974. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This research includes visceral sensitivity and its mechanisms involved in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. Visceral hypersensitivity occupies the key place. The research has the description of etiological factors that form visceral hypersensitivity and also visceral sensitivity instrumental research methods, based on the use of the balloon dilation. The research also has the schemes of drug therapy for irritable bowel syndrome meanwhile the special attention is paid to the possible use of the sorbed probiotics and psychopharmacological drugs.
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Najjar SA, Albers KM. Pain in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Optogenetic Strategies for Study of Neural-Epithelial Signaling. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2021; 3:otab040. [PMID: 34805983 PMCID: PMC8600958 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal pain is common in patients with active inflammation of the colon but can persist even in its absence, suggesting other mechanisms of pain signaling. Recent findings suggest colon epithelial cells are direct regulators of pain-sensing neurons. Optogenetic activation of epithelial cells evoked nerve firing and pain-like behaviors. Inhibition of epithelial cells caused the opposite effect, reducing responses to colon distension and inflammatory hypersensitivity. Thus, epithelial cells alone can regulate the activation of pain circuits. Future goals are to define the anatomical and cellular mechanisms that underlie epithelial-neural pain signaling and how it is altered in response to colon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Najjar
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Address correspondence to: Kathryn M. Albers, PhD, Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA ()
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Sajdel-Sulkowska EM. A Dual-Route Perspective of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lung- vs. Gut-specific Effects of ACE-2 Deficiency. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684610. [PMID: 34177593 PMCID: PMC8226136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, primarily considered a respiratory virus, is increasingly recognized as having gastrointestinal aspects based on its presence in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and feces. SARS-CoV-2 uses as a receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), a critical member of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid system. In addition to the systemic endocrine functions, RAAS components are also involved in intracrine and organ-specific local functions. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is a key component of RAAS and a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. It is expressed in many tissues with gastrointestinal (GI) tract ACE-2 levels far exceeding those in the respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 binding to its receptor results in a deficiency of ACE-2 activity in endocrine, intracrine, and local lung and GI tract ACE-2. The local ACE-2 has different organ-specific functions, including hypertension-independent activities; dysregulations of these functions may contribute to multiorgan COVID-19 pathology, its severity, long-term effects, and mortality. We review supporting evidence from this standpoint. Notably, COVID-19 comorbidities involving hypertension, obesity, heart disease, kidney disease, and diabetes are associated with gastrointestinal problems and display ACE-2 deficits. While RAAS inhibitors target both endocrine and intracrine ACE-2 activity, the deficit of the local ACE-2 activity in the lungs and more so in the gut have not been targeted. Consequently, the therapeutic approach to COVID-19 should be carefully reconsidered. Ongoing clinical trials testing oral probiotic bound ACE-2 delivery are promising.
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Brizuela M, Castro J, Harrington AM, Brierley SM. Pruritogenic mechanisms and gut sensation: putting the "irritant" into irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1131-G1141. [PMID: 33949199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00331.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain is a common clinical condition experienced by patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A general lack of suitable treatment options for the management of visceral pain is the major contributing factor to the debilitating nature of the disease. Understanding the underlying causes of chronic visceral pain is pivotal to identifying new effective therapies for IBS. This review provides the current evidence, demonstrating that mediators and receptors that induce itch in the skin also act as "gut irritants" in the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of these receptors triggers specific changes in the neuronal excitability of sensory pathways responsible for the transmission of nociceptive information from the periphery to the central nervous system leading to visceral hypersensitivity and visceral pain. Accumulating evidence points to significant roles of irritant mediators and their receptors in visceral hypersensitivity and thus constitutes potential targets for the development of more effective therapeutic options for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brizuela
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea M Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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40
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Hanning N, De bruyn M, Ceuleers H, Boogaerts T, Berg M, Smet A, De Schepper HU, Joossens J, van Nuijs ALN, De Man JG, Augustyns K, De Meester I, De Winter BY. Local Colonic Administration of a Serine Protease Inhibitor Improves Post-Inflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060811. [PMID: 34072320 PMCID: PMC8229129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the protease–antiprotease balance in the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as a mechanism underlying visceral hypersensitivity in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to study the potential therapeutic role of an intracolonically administered serine protease inhibitor for the treatment of abdominal pain in a post-inflammatory rat model for IBS. An enema containing 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis in male Sprague–Dawley rats, whereas controls received a saline solution. Colonoscopies were performed to confirm colitis and follow-up mucosal healing. In the post-inflammatory phase, the serine protease inhibitor UAMC-00050 (0.1–5 mg/kg) or its vehicle alone (5% DMSO in H2O) was administered in the colon. Thirty minutes later, visceral mechanosensitivity to colorectal distensions was quantified by visceromotor responses (VMRs) and local effects on colonic compliance and inflammatory parameters were assessed. Specific proteolytic activities in fecal and colonic samples were measured using fluorogenic substrates. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using bioanalytical measurements with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Post-inflammatory rats had increased trypsin-like activity in colonic tissue and elevated elastase-like activity in fecal samples compared to controls. Treatment with UAMC-00050 decreased trypsin-like activity in colonic tissue of post-colitis animals. Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that UAMC-00050 acted locally, being taken up in the bloodstream only minimally after administration. Local administration of UAMC-00050 normalized visceral hypersensitivity. These results support the role of serine proteases in the pathophysiology of visceral pain and the potential of locally administered serine protease inhibitors as clinically relevant therapeutics for the treatment of IBS patients with abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Hanning
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (N.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.); (H.U.D.S.); (J.G.D.M.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Michelle De bruyn
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (N.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.); (H.U.D.S.); (J.G.D.M.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Tim Boogaerts
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (T.B.); (A.L.N.v.N.)
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (N.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.); (H.U.D.S.); (J.G.D.M.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Heiko U. De Schepper
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (N.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.); (H.U.D.S.); (J.G.D.M.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | | | - Joris G. De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (N.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.); (H.U.D.S.); (J.G.D.M.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (N.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.); (H.U.D.S.); (J.G.D.M.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (M.B.); (K.A.); (I.D.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-2652710
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41
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Hou JJ, Wang X, Li Y, Su S, Wang YM, Wang BM. The relationship between gut microbiota and proteolytic activity in irritable bowel syndrome. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104995. [PMID: 34048892 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease that affects 3.8-9.2% of the world population. It affects the physiology and psychology of patients and increases the burden on families, the healthcare system, society, and economic development. Presently, a large number of studies have shown that compared to healthy individuals, the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in IBS patients have changed, and the proteolytic activity (PA) in fecal supernatant and colonic mucosa of IBS patients has also increased. These findings indicate that the imbalance of intestinal microecology and intestinal protein hydrolysis is closely related to IBS. Furthermore, the intestinal flora is a key substance that regulates the PA and is associated with IBS. The current review described the intestinal microecology and intestinal proteolytic activity of patients with IBS and also discussed the effect of intestinal flora on PA. In summary, this study proposed a pivotal role of gut microbiota and PA in IBS, respectively, and provided an in-depth insight into the diagnosis and treatment targets of IBS as well as the formulation of new treatment strategies for other digestive diseases and protease-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
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42
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Gottesman-Katz L, Latorre R, Vanner S, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW. Targeting G protein-coupled receptors for the treatment of chronic pain in the digestive system. Gut 2021; 70:970-981. [PMID: 33272979 PMCID: PMC9716638 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a hallmark of functional disorders, inflammatory diseases and cancer of the digestive system. The mechanisms that initiate and sustain chronic pain are incompletely understood, and available therapies are inadequate. This review highlights recent advances in the structure and function of pronociceptive and antinociceptive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that provide insights into the mechanisms and treatment of chronic pain. This knowledge, derived from studies of somatic pain, can guide research into visceral pain. Mediators from injured tissues transiently activate GPCRs at the plasma membrane of neurons, leading to sensitisation of ion channels and acute hyperexcitability and nociception. Sustained agonist release evokes GPCR redistribution to endosomes, where persistent signalling regulates activity of channels and genes that control chronic hyperexcitability and nociception. Endosomally targeted GPCR antagonists provide superior pain relief in preclinical models. Biased agonists stabilise GPCR conformations that favour signalling of beneficial actions at the expense of detrimental side effects. Biased agonists of µ-opioid receptors (MOPrs) can provide analgesia without addiction, respiratory depression and constipation. Opioids that preferentially bind to MOPrs in the acidic microenvironment of diseased tissues produce analgesia without side effects. Allosteric modulators of GPCRs fine-tune actions of endogenous ligands, offering the prospect of refined pain control. GPCR dimers might function as distinct therapeutic targets for nociception. The discovery that GPCRs that control itch also mediate irritant sensation in the colon has revealed new targets. A deeper understanding of GPCR structure and function in different microenvironments offers the potential of developing superior treatments for GI pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gottesman-Katz
- Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Bluestone Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Mariaule V, Kriaa A, Soussou S, Rhimi S, Boudaya H, Hernandez J, Maguin E, Lesner A, Rhimi M. Digestive Inflammation: Role of Proteolytic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062817. [PMID: 33802197 PMCID: PMC7999743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the proteolytic balance is often associated with diseases. Serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases are involved in a multitude of biological processes and notably in the inflammatory response. Within the framework of digestive inflammation, several studies have stressed the role of serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) as key actors in its pathogenesis and pointed to the unbalance between these proteases and their respective inhibitors. Substantial efforts have been made in developing new inhibitors, some of which have reached clinical trial phases, notwithstanding that unwanted side effects remain a major issue. However, studies on the proteolytic imbalance and inhibitors conception are directed toward host serine/MMPs proteases revealing a hitherto overlooked factor, the potential contribution of their bacterial counterpart. In this review, we highlight the role of proteolytic imbalance in human digestive inflammation focusing on serine proteases and MMPs and their respective inhibitors considering both host and bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Souha Soussou
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Houda Boudaya
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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44
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Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Florens MV, Viola MF, Jain P, Decraecker L, Appeltans I, Cuende-Estevez M, Fabre N, Van Beek K, Perna E, Balemans D, Stakenborg N, Theofanous S, Bosmans G, Mondelaers SU, Matteoli G, Ibiza Martínez S, Lopez-Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco J, Talavera K, Alpizar YA, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Farre R, Redegeld FA, Si J, Raes J, Breynaert C, Schrijvers R, Bosteels C, Lambrecht BN, Boyd SD, Hoh RA, Cabooter D, Nelis M, Augustijns P, Hendrix S, Strid J, Bisschops R, Reed DE, Vanner SJ, Denadai-Souza A, Wouters MM, Boeckxstaens GE. Local immune response to food antigens drives meal-induced abdominal pain. Nature 2021; 590:151-156. [PMID: 33442055 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Up to 20% of people worldwide develop gastrointestinal symptoms following a meal1, leading to decreased quality of life, substantial morbidity and high medical costs. Although the interest of both the scientific and lay communities in this issue has increased markedly in recent years, with the worldwide introduction of gluten-free and other diets, the underlying mechanisms of food-induced abdominal complaints remain largely unknown. Here we show that a bacterial infection and bacterial toxins can trigger an immune response that leads to the production of dietary-antigen-specific IgE antibodies in mice, which are limited to the intestine. Following subsequent oral ingestion of the respective dietary antigen, an IgE- and mast-cell-dependent mechanism induced increased visceral pain. This aberrant pain signalling resulted from histamine receptor H1-mediated sensitization of visceral afferents. Moreover, injection of food antigens (gluten, wheat, soy and milk) into the rectosigmoid mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome induced local oedema and mast cell activation. Our results identify and characterize a peripheral mechanism that underlies food-induced abdominal pain, thereby creating new possibilities for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and related abdominal pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Morgane V Florens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Francesca Viola
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piyush Jain
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisse Decraecker
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Appeltans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Cuende-Estevez
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Fabre
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Beek
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eluisa Perna
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dafne Balemans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stavroula Theofanous
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Goele Bosmans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie U Mondelaers
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sales Ibiza Martínez
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Neuroscience Research group, BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricard Farre
- Mucosal Permeability Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiyeon Si
- KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Bosteels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim Nelis
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Strid
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raf Bisschops
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mira M Wouters
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium.
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45
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Choo J, Heo G, Pothoulakis C, Im E. Posttranslational modifications as therapeutic targets for intestinal disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105412. [PMID: 33412276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of biological processes are regulated by posttranslational modifications. Posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and proteolytic cleavage, control diverse physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a better understanding of their implications in intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and colorectal cancer would provide a basis for the identification of novel biomarkers as well as attractive therapeutic targets. Posttranslational modifications can be common denominators, as well as distinct biomarkers, characterizing pathological differences of various intestinal diseases. This review provides experimental evidence that identifies changes in posttranslational modifications from patient samples, primary cells, or cell lines in intestinal disorders, and a summary of carefully selected information on the use of pharmacological modulators of protein modifications as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Motta JP, Rolland C, Edir A, Florence AC, Sagnat D, Bonnart C, Rousset P, Guiraud L, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Mas E, Bonnet D, Verdu EF, McKay DM, Buscail E, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C. Epithelial production of elastase is increased in inflammatory bowel disease and causes mucosal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:667-678. [PMID: 33674762 PMCID: PMC8075934 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between proteases and their inhibitors plays a crucial role in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Increased elastolytic activity is observed in the colon of patients suffering from IBD. Here, we aimed at identifying the players involved in elastolytic hyperactivity associated with IBD and their contribution to the disease. We revealed that epithelial cells are a major source of elastolytic activity in healthy human colonic tissues and this activity is greatly increased in IBD patients, both in diseased and distant sites of inflammation. This study identified a previously unrevealed production of elastase 2A (ELA2A) by colonic epithelial cells, which was enhanced in IBD patients. We demonstrated that ELA2A hyperactivity is sufficient to lead to a leaky epithelial barrier. Epithelial ELA2A hyperactivity also modified the cytokine gene expression profile with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts, while reducing the expression of pro-resolving and repair factor genes. ELA2A thus appears as a novel actor produced by intestinal epithelial cells, which can drive inflammation and loss of barrier function, two essentials pathophysiological hallmarks of IBD. Targeting ELA2A hyperactivity should thus be considered as a potential target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana-Carolina Florence
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Perrine Rousset
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.414018.80000 0004 0638 325XUnité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Etienne Buscail
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Motta JP, Palese S, Giorgio C, Chapman K, Denadai-Souza A, Rousset P, Sagnat D, Guiraud L, Edir A, Seguy C, Alric L, Bonnet D, Bournet B, Buscail L, Gilletta C, Buret AG, Wallace JL, Hollenberg MD, Oswald E, Barocelli E, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Increased Mucosal Thrombin is Associated with Crohn's Disease and Causes Inflammatory Damage through Protease-activated Receptors Activation. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:787-799. [PMID: 33201214 PMCID: PMC8095389 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thrombin levels in the colon of Crohn's disease patients have recently been found to be elevated 100-fold compared with healthy controls. Our aim was to determine whether and how dysregulated thrombin activity could contribute to local tissue malfunctions associated with Crohn's disease. METHODS Thrombin activity was studied in tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy controls. Intracolonic administration of thrombin to wild-type or protease-activated receptor-deficient mice was used to assess the effects and mechanisms of local thrombin upregulation. Colitis was induced in rats and mice by the intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. RESULTS Active forms of thrombin were increased in Crohn's disease patient tissues. Elevated thrombin expression and activity were associated with intestinal epithelial cells. Increased thrombin activity and expression were also a feature of experimental colitis in rats. Colonic exposure to doses of active thrombin comparable to what is found in inflammatory bowel disease tissues caused mucosal damage and tissue dysfunctions in mice, through a mechanism involving both protease-activated receptors -1 and -4. Intracolonic administration of the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, as well as inhibition of protease-activated receptor-1, prevented trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rodent models. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that increased local thrombin activity, as it occurs in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, causes mucosal damage and inflammation. Colonic thrombin and protease-activated receptor-1 appear as possible mechanisms involved in mucosal damage and loss of function and therefore represent potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Simone Palese
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Kevin Chapman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Perrine Rousset
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Seguy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | | | | | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr Nathalie Vergnolle, PhD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive [IRSD], INSERM UMR-1220, Purpan Hospital, CS60039, 31024 Toulouse cedex 03, France. Tel.: 33-5-62-74-45-00; fax: 33-5-62-74-45-58;
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Zhang G, Liu Z. A system-level investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of flavor compounds in liquor. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13417. [PMID: 32789942 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maotai-flavor liquor, one of the world's most famous natural fermentation food products plays a significant role in traditional Chinese culture and people's daily lives for a long time due to its good taste. However, the pharmacological activities of flavor compounds in Maotai liquor have not been fully elucidated. In answering this question, a system-level analysis was developed by combining in silico ADME evaluation, multi-target prediction, GO enrichment analysis, network pharmacology technology, pathway analysis, as well as experimental verification to elucidate the pharmacological effects of flavor compounds in Maotai liquor. Finally, 55 active compounds and 80 targets were identified to interpret the pharmacological effect of the flavor compounds. Moreover, the key active compounds were verified by in vitro experiments to validate the reliability of our approaches. Our study provides a novel integrated strategy to comprehensively understand the pharmacological activities of complex components in Maotai liquor. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We proposed an integrative strategy by systems pharmacology to investigate the potential active compounds and their related targets, as well as to understand the potential pharmacological mechanism of flavor compounds in Maotai liquor. The present work will not only shed light on the mechanism of active compounds in Maotai liquor at the system level, but also provide a novel approach for discovery of the active compounds that may benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Solà-Tapias N, Vergnolle N, Denadai-Souza A, Barreau F. The Interplay Between Genetic Risk Factors and Proteolytic Dysregulation in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1149-1161. [PMID: 32090263 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previous studies reported increased levels of proteolytic activity in stool and tissue samples from IBD patients, whereas the re-establishment of the proteolytic balance abrogates the development of experimental colitis. Furthermore, recent data suggest that IBD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who develop an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbes once exposed to environmental triggers. In this review, we highlight the role of proteases in IBD pathophysiology, and we showcase how the main cellular pathways associated with IBD influence proteolytic unbalance and how functional proteomics are allowing the unambiguous identification of dysregulated proteases in IBD, paving the way to the development of new protease inhibitors as a new potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà-Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Bimodal Release Ondansetron Improves Stool Consistency and Symptomatology in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1466-1473. [PMID: 32639235 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous, small studies have suggested that ondansetron has beneficial effects in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of daily 12 mg RHB-102, an investigational bimodal release ondansetron tablet, in IBS-D. METHODS Men and women with IBS-D by the Rome III criteria, Bristol Stool Scale ≥6 on 2 or more days weekly, and average daily worst pain intensity ≥3/10 were randomized 60:40 to RHB-102 or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was overall stool consistency response for at least 4 of 8 weeks. Secondary end points included overall worst abdominal pain and overall composite response, defined as response on both abdominal pain and stool consistency end points. RESULTS Overall stool consistency response rates were 56.0% and 35.3% (RHB-102 vs placebo, P = 0.036) and similar among male and female patients. Overall pain response (50.7% vs 39.2%) and composite response rates (40.0% vs 25.5%) favored RHB-102, although these differences were not statistically significant. Stool consistency response rates were enhanced in patients with baseline C-reactive protein above the median (2.09 mg/L), 59.5%, vs 23.1% (P = 0.009). Overall rates of adverse events were similar, with a higher rate of constipation in RHB-102 patients (13.3% vs 3.9%) that resolved rapidly on withholding treatment. DISCUSSION RHB-102 was effective and safe in the treatment of men and women with IBS-D. Baseline C-reactive protein seemed to be predictive of response.
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