1
|
Lindblad V, Ravn RL, Gaardsted PS, Hansen LEM, Lauritzen FF, Melgaard D. Beyond the mind: Understanding the influence of mental health on youth NEET status in Europe-A systematic literature review. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39021042 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the fields of labor market and education research, there is a vast interest in mental health factors affecting unsuccessful school-to-work transitions, dropout from school and labor market disconnections for young people. Young people who are not in employment, education or training are conceived of as NEET. AIM To get an overview we conducted a systematic review of the present literature on the influence of mental health on the likelihood of becoming NEET in Europe. METHOD A Systematic literature search was conducted in four databases on February 21, 2023, with an update on January 15, 2024. RESULTS 33,314 articles were screened whereas 41 studies involving 8,914,123 individuals were included. Poor mental health such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, autism, depression, borderline, and psychosis during childhood and adolescence is strongly associated with becoming NEET. CONCLUSION Mental health issues, whether mild or severe, heighten significant the risk of adverse education and employment outcomes in early adulthood, extending to young individuals with personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, and psychoses. These observations inform early intervention strategies for children and young people grappling with mental health challenges. Timely treatment is essential. Future research should focus on the gap in research like specific disorders such as eating disorders and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lindblad
- Department of Gynecology, Pregnancy and Childbirth, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Rasmus L Ravn
- Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Line E M Hansen
- Department of Acute Medicine and Trauma Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fie F Lauritzen
- Department of Acute Medicine and Trauma Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dorte Melgaard
- Department of Acute Medicine and Trauma Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lima JFDB, Lima RJCP, Batalha MA, da Silva AAM, Ribeiro MRC, Batista RFL. Do childhood depressive symptoms interfere with intelligence in adulthood? Rev Saude Publica 2023; 57:64. [PMID: 37878850 PMCID: PMC10519686 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of depressive symptoms in childhood on the intellectual development of young adults. METHODS Study conducted with a birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, composed of 339 participants evaluated between 7 and 9 years and between 18 and 19 years. Structural equation modeling (young adult education, sex, race/color) and childhood variables (nutritional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, head of household's and mother's education, family income) were used. In addition, head of household's occupation, mother's age, and presence of partner were tested as determinants of adults' intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a reduction of 0.342 in standard deviation (SD) and -3.83 points in the average IQ of adults (p-value < 0.001). Cognitive function in childhood had a total and direct positive effect (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.701; p-value < 0.001) on IQ, increasing 7.84 points with each increase in level. A positive indirect effect of child nutritional status (SC = 0.194; p-value = 0.045), head of household's (SC = 0.162; p-value = 0.036), and mother's education was identified, the latter mediated by cognitive function in childhood (SC = 0.215; p-value = 0.012) on the IQ of young people. CONCLUSION Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a long-term negative effect on intelligence, reducing the IQ score in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janielle Ferreira de Brito Lima
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Raina Jansen Cutrim Propp Lima
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Araújo Batalha
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Porru F, Schuring M, Hoogendijk WJG, Burdorf A, Robroek SJW. Impact of mental disorders during education on work participation: a register-based longitudinal study on young adults with 10 years follow-up. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:549-557. [PMID: 37197925 PMCID: PMC10423505 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are a leading cause of disability and a major threat to work participation in young adults. This register-based longitudinal study aims to investigate the influence of mental disorders on entering and exiting paid employment among young graduates and to explore differences across socioeconomic groups. METHODS Register information on sociodemographics (age, sex, migration background) and employment status of 2 346 393 young adults who graduated from secondary vocational (n=1 004 395) and higher vocational education or university (n=1 341 998) in the period 2010-2019 was provided by Statistics Netherlands. This information was enriched with register information on the prescription of nervous system medication for mental disorders in the year before graduation as a proxy for having a mental disorder. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the influence of mental disorders on (A) entering paid employment among all graduates and (B) exiting from paid employment among graduates who had entered paid employment. RESULTS Individuals with mental disorders were less likely to enter (HR 0.69-0.70) and more likely to exit paid employment (HR 1.41-1.42). Individuals using antipsychotics were the least likely to enter (HR 0.44) and the most likely to exit paid employment (HR 1.82-1.91), followed by those using hypnotics and sedatives. The association between mental disorders and work participation was found across socioeconomic subgroups (ie, educational level, sex and migration background). DISCUSSION Young adults with mental disorders are less likely to enter and maintain paid employment. These results ask for prevention of mental disorders and for a more inclusive labour market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Porru
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Schuring
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
ANDERSON NATHANIELW, HALFON NEAL, EISENBERG DANIEL, MARKOWITZ ANNAJ, MOORE KRISTINANDERSON, ZIMMERMAN FREDERICKJ. Mixed Signals in Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being Indicators in the United States: A Call for Improvements to Population Health Monitoring. Milbank Q 2023; 101:259-286. [PMID: 37052602 PMCID: PMC10262392 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Social indicators of young peoples' conditions and circumstances, such as high school graduation, food insecurity, and smoking, are improving even as subjective indicators of mental health and well-being have been worsening. This divergence suggests policies targeting the social indicators may not have improved overall mental health and well-being. There are several plausible reasons for this seeming contradiction. Available data suggest the culpability of one or several common exposures poorly captured by existing social indicators. Resolving this disconnect requires significant investments in population-level data systems to support a more holistic, child-centric, and up-to-date understanding of young people's lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - NEAL HALFON
- University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public
- University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine
- University of California Los Angeles Meyer and Renee Luskin School of Public Affairs
| | - DANIEL EISENBERG
- University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public
| | - ANNA J. MARKOWITZ
- University of CaliforniaLos Angeles Graduate School of Education and Information Studies
| | | | - FREDERICK J. ZIMMERMAN
- University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public
- University of California Los Angeles Meyer and Renee Luskin School of Public Affairs
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alaie I, Svedberg P, Ropponen A, Narusyte J. Associations of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Childhood and Adolescence With Adult Labor Market Marginalization. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2317905. [PMID: 37289452 PMCID: PMC10251215 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Mental health problems in early life are associated with labor market marginalization, especially in youths with persistent internalizing and externalizing problems. However, previous research has not adjusted for familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors. Objective To examine associations of early-life internalizing and externalizing problems with adulthood unemployment and work disability, adjusting for familial factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based prospective cohort study included Swedish twins who were born in 1985-1986 and surveyed at 4 consecutive waves across childhood and adolescence until 2005. Through linkage to nationwide registries, participants were followed up from 2006 to 2018. Data analyses were conducted between September 2022 and April 2023. Exposures Internalizing and externalizing problems, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Participants were differentiated regarding duration of internalizing and externalizing problems (persistent, episodic, and noncases). Main Outcomes and Measures Unemployment (180 days or more of being unemployed) and work disability (60 days or more of being sickness absent or disability pensioned) during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were calculated to obtain cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs in the whole cohort and exposure-discordant twin pairs. Results Of 2845 participants, 1464 (51.5%) were female. Incident unemployment was experienced by 944 (33.2%) and incident work disability by 522 (18.3%) participants. Compared with noncases, persistent internalizing problems were associated with unemployment (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.92) and work disability (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.80-2.99). Similarly, compared with noncases, persistent externalizing problems were associated with unemployment (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.55-2.26) and work disability (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.87-3.03). Persistent cases had overall higher risks of adverse outcomes than episodic cases. After adjustment for familial factors, associations with unemployment were no longer statistically significant, whereas associations with work disability remained or were only slightly reduced. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of young Swedish twins, familial factors explained the associations between early-life persistent internalizing and externalizing problems and unemployment; such factors were comparatively less important for the association with work disability. This suggests nonshared environmental factors may be important for the risk of future work disability among young individuals with persistent internalizing and externalizing problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Alaie
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Vries TR, Arends I, Oldehinkel AJ, Bültmann U. Associations between type of childhood adversities and labour market participation and employment conditions in young adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:230-236. [PMID: 36805940 PMCID: PMC10086506 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to childhood adversity is associated with a variety of labour market outcomes in young adulthood. It remains largely unclear whether the type of adversity matters in this association. This prospective study examined the differences in exposure to 14 adverse experiences among groups of young adults aged 22 characterised by distinct labour market participation states and employment conditions. METHODS We used data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15 years of follow-up (N=1524). We included 14 adverse experiences (ages 0-16) across five domains: peer influences, loss or threat of loss, material deprivation, family dynamics and maltreatment. Labour market participation states and employment conditions were assessed at age 22. We used latent class analysis to derive labour market outcome groups, which we subsequently compared on exposure to adverse experiences using pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Inactive individuals (n=85, 5.6%), often neither in education (77.4%) nor employment (98.6%) and on benefits (94.4%), were more likely to be exposed to many distinct types of adverse experiences (eg, parental addiction, bullying victimisation) as compared with all other groups. Early workers (n=413, 27.1%), often on temporary contracts and low monthly incomes, were more likely to be exposed to parental divorce (22.7%) compared with students with side jobs (12.9%). CONCLUSIONS Different adverse experiences are not equally associated with labour market outcomes. Researchers and stakeholders in policy and practice should be aware of the differences between adverse experiences in their importance for labour market outcomes in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjeerd Rudmer de Vries
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Arends
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Arbo Unie BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Winding TN, Nielsen ML, Grytnes R. Perceived stress in adolescence and labour market participation in young adulthood - a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:186. [PMID: 36707825 PMCID: PMC9883957 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a key-developmental stage for physical, neurological, psychological, and social changes. In this developmental stage, a large number of people struggle with mental health problems like stress, anxiety, or depression. Psychological vulnerability in adolescence has previously been found to be negatively related to future low labour market participation. However, studies are lacking that investigate the impact of stress during adolescence on labour market participation in early adulthood using register data. The aim of this prospective study was therefore to examine the association between perceived stress during adolescence and labour market participation in young men and women in early adulthood. METHODS A Danish cohort of 3038 participants born in 1989 was followed with use of questionnaires from age 15 to age 28. The exposure, self-reported perceived stress, was collected by questionnaires at ages 15, 18, and 21. The outcome, labour market participation, was based on register information on social benefits, such as unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, and disability benefits, collected on a weekly basis during a 4-year period. Information about the socioeconomic confounders was also gleaned from registers. RESULTS The study found consistent associations between perceived stress from age 15 to age 21 and low labour market participation from age 25 to age 29 in both women and men after adjusting for mental health and socioeconomic confounders. The strongest associations between perceived stress and low labour market participation were seen among men who reported stress several times during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that although, women in general, reported being more stressed than men during adolescence and had lower labour market participation in early adulthood, there was a small group of men who had experienced stress during adolescence who were at particularly high risk of being marginalised in the labour market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Nøhr Winding
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Goedstrup Hospital, Møllegade 16, 1.st, Herning, 7400, Denmark.
| | - Mette Lykke Nielsen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Culture & Learning, Centre for Youth Research, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regine Grytnes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Goedstrup Hospital, Møllegade 16, 1.st, Herning, 7400 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Work-family trajectories in young adulthood: Associations with mental health problems in adolescence. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115460. [PMID: 36272388 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During young adulthood, several transitions in work and family lives occur, but knowledge of the work-family trajectories of the current generation of young adults, i.e. people born in the 1990s, is lacking. Moreover, little is known about whether the mental health status before the start of the working life may shape work-family trajectories. We used 18-year follow-up data from the TRAILS cohort study of individuals born between 1989 and 1991 (n = 992; 63.2% women). Internalising and externalising problems were measured with the Youth Self-Report at ages 11, 13 and 16 years. Monthly employment, education and parenthood states were recorded between 18 and 28 years. Applying sequence analysis, we identified six work-family trajectories in women and men. The first five trajectories were labelled: long education, continuous education and work, education and work to work, early work, and inactive. The main difference between trajectories of women and men was in the timing of parenthood, thus the remaining trajectory of women was labelled active with children, and the remaining trajectory of men active. Women who experienced externalising problems in adolescence were more likely to belong to the trajectory characterised by parenthood. Men who experienced internalising problems in adolescence were more likely to belong to the trajectory characterised by a long time spent in education. The TRAILS data allowed us to consider timing, duration and ordering of the work and family states in young adulthood, and to use multiple assessments of mental health in adolescence. Further research needs to examine the mechanisms through which early mental health affects later work and family outcomes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Beukema L, Tullius JM, Korevaar L, Hofstra J, Reijneveld SA, de Winter AF. Promoting Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors by Mental Health Literacy Interventions in Secondary Education? Needs and Perspectives of Adolescents and Educational Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11889. [PMID: 36231190 PMCID: PMC9565342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) interventions in secondary schools may help to improve competencies that adolescents require to stay mentally healthy and seek help if mental health problems arise. These MHL interventions should be tailored to the needs of adolescents and educational professionals (EPs) to reach sustainable implementation and long-term effectiveness. However, evidence is lacking on these needs. Thus, our aim was to explore their experiences with, and perspectives on, mental health help seeking and needs regarding MHL interventions. We performed online focus group discussions and interviews with adolescents (n = 21; 13-19 years) and EPs (n = 12) and analyzed the data using directed content analysis. We identified three themes related to mental health help seeking: (1) Limited MHL competencies of adolescents, (2) Limited competencies of EP to provide mental health support, and (3) Limited mental health promotion in the school environment. We further identified three themes regarding MHL interventions: (1) Addressing basic mental health knowledge and skills, (2) Interactive and easily accessible, and (3) Sustainable implementation. Improving the MHL competencies of adolescents and EPs, and creating a mental health-literate school environment can promote adolescents' mental health help seeking. Our findings highlight the importance of developing MHL interventions that are tailored to both adolescents' and EPs needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Beukema
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne M. Tullius
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Korevaar
- Research and Innovation Centre for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacomijn Hofstra
- Research and Innovation Centre for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F. de Winter
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demiral Y, Ihle T, Rose U, Conway PM, Burr H. Precarious Work as Risk Factor for 5-Year Increase in Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063175. [PMID: 35328860 PMCID: PMC8949946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between precarious work and depressive symptoms in a representative cohort of employees in Germany. Methods: In the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA) (n = 2009), depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ−9). Precarious work was measured through baseline (2012) self-reported job insecurity, marginal part-time, fixed-term contract, hourly wage and—during follow-ups 2012–2017—unemployment. Among employees without depressive symptoms at baseline (2012), we ran logistic regression analyses stratified by gender with depressive symptoms at follow-up in 2017 as the dependent variable, adjusting for baseline (2012) age, gender, socioeconomic position and partner status. Results: Among men, job insecurity (OR: 2.47; 95% 95% CI: 1.37–4.48) and low wage (3.79; 1.64–8.72) at baseline were significantly associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Among women, indicators of precarious work were not associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Among men, a cumulative exposure index of precarious work was significantly associated with the development of depressive symptoms (one indicator: 1.84; 0.94–3.60, ≥two indicators: 7.65; 3.30–17.73). This index was not associated with depressive symptoms among women. The population attributable fraction of precarious work due to depressive symptoms among men was approximately 30%. Conclusions: Among employees in Germany, precarious work seems to be a risk factor for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms among men, but not among women. Research on precarious employment in different countries is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
| | - Tobias Ihle
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany; (T.I.); (U.R.)
| | - Uwe Rose
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany; (T.I.); (U.R.)
| | - Paul Maurice Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany; (T.I.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-030-515-484355
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The timing and duration of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood and young adults' NEET status: the role of educational attainment. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:83-93. [PMID: 34389885 PMCID: PMC8761151 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depressive symptoms are negatively associated with labour market outcomes but whether the timing and duration of depressive symptoms or educational attainment (EA) affect NEET (Neither in Employment, Education, nor Training) is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of timing and duration of depressive symptoms in adolescence and the moderating and mediating role of EA on NEET in young adulthood. METHODS Data were used from 1512 participants in the Vestliv Study, a Danish prospective cohort study. Depressive symptoms were measured at age 14, 18 and 21. EA at age 21 and NEET at age 23 were derived from national registers. Logistic regression analyses and a 4-way decomposition approach were applied. RESULTS Among boys, depressive symptoms at ages 14 and 21 increased the risk of NEET (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00-2.74 and OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.37-3.53). Among girls, this regarded depressive symptoms at ages 18 and 21 (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.26-2.46 and OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13-2.22). For the duration of depressive symptoms, among boys any depressive symptoms increased the risk of NEET. Among girls, only persistent depressive symptoms increased the risk of NEET. EA did not mediate or moderate the association between depressive symptoms and NEET. CONCLUSION The timing and duration of depressive symptoms in adolescence matter for the association with NEET in young adulthood, with a double burden for those with both depressive symptoms and low EA. The results emphasize the importance of support for those who experience depressive symptoms in the school-to-work transition.
Collapse
|
12
|
de Groot S, Veldman K, Amick Iii BC, Bültmann U. Work functioning among young adults: the role of mental health problems from childhood to young adulthood. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:217-223. [PMID: 34711660 PMCID: PMC8921561 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Mental health problems (MHPs) during childhood and adolescence are negatively associated with having a paid job in young adulthood. Yet, little is known about how young adults function at work, that is, do they experience difficulties in meeting their job demands given their health state. This longitudinal study aims to examine the impact of MHPs from childhood to young adulthood on young adults’ work functioning (WF). Methods Data were used from 1004 participants in the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 18-year follow-up. MHP trajectories, including 11, 13.5, 16, 19, 22 and 26 age points, were identified using growth mixture models. WF was assessed at age 29 with the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire 2.0 (WRFQ). Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between MHP trajectories and WF. Results Young adults with high-stable trajectories of internalising and externalising problems reported lower WF (mean WRFQ scores of 70.5 and 70.7, respectively) than those with low-stable trajectories (78.4 and 77.2), that is, they experience difficulties in meeting the work demands for more than one work day per full-time work week. Young adults with moderate-stable or decreasing MHP trajectories reported lower WF scores compared with those with low-stable trajectories. Conclusions Both persistent high and elevated levels of MHPs from childhood to young adulthood are associated with lower WF scores in young adulthood compared with low-level MHPs. Occupational healthcare professionals should support young workers with a history of MHPs to optimise their work functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira de Groot
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Veldman
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin C Amick Iii
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|