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Hosseinpour S, Razmara E, Heidari M, Rezaei Z, Ashrafi MR, Dehnavi AZ, Kameli R, Bereshneh AH, Vahidnezhad H, Azizimalamiri R, Zamani Z, Pak N, Rasulinezhad M, Mohammadi B, Ghabeli H, Ghafouri M, Mohammadi M, Zamani GR, Badv RS, Saket S, Rabbani B, Mahdieh N, Ahani A, Garshasbi M, Tavasoli AR. A comprehensive study of mutation and phenotypic heterogeneity of childhood mitochondrial leukodystrophies. Brain Dev 2024; 46:167-179. [PMID: 38129218 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial leukodystrophies (MLs) are mainly caused by impairments of the mitochondrial respiratory chains. This study reports the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of a cohort of 41 pediatric patients from 39 distinct families with MLs among 320 patients with a molecular diagnosis of leukodystrophies. METHODS This study summarizes the clinical, imaging, and molecular data of these patients for five years. RESULTS The three most common symptoms were neurologic regression (58.5%), pyramidal signs (58.5%), and extrapyramidal signs (43.9%). Because nuclear DNA mutations are responsible for a high percentage of pediatric MLs, whole exome sequencing was performed on all patients. In total, 39 homozygous variants were detected. Additionally, two previously reported mtDNA variants were identified with different levels of heteroplasmy in two patients. Among 41 mutant alleles, 33 (80.4%) were missense, 4 (9.8%) were frameshift (including 3 deletions and one duplication), and 4 (9.8%) were splicing mutations. Oxidative phosphorylation in 27 cases (65.8%) and mtDNA maintenance pathways in 8 patients (19.5%) were the most commonly affected mitochondrial pathways. In total, 5 novel variants in PDSS1, NDUFB9, FXBL4, SURF1, and NDUSF1 were also detected. In silico analyses showed how each novel variant may contribute to ML pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest whole-exome sequencing as a strong diagnostic genetic tool to identify the causative variants in pediatric MLs. In comparison between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mtDNA maintenance groups, brain stem and periaqueductal gray matter (PAGM) involvement were more commonly seen in OXPHOS group (P value of 0.002 and 0.009, respectively), and thinning of corpus callosum was observed more frequently in mtDNA maintenance group (P value of 0.042).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Hosseinpour
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Morteza Heidari
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zare Dehnavi
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reyhaneh Kameli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini Bereshneh
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Research Center, Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Reza Azizimalamiri
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamani
- MD, MPH, Community Medicine Specialist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Pak
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasulinezhad
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mohammadi
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Ghabeli
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghafouri
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohammadi
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Zamani
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shervin Badv
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Saket
- Iranian Child Neurology Center of Excellence, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's and Shohada-e Tajrish Hospitals, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rabbani
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nejat Mahdieh
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahani
- Mendel Medical Genetics Laboratory, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jalal-Al Ahmad Hwy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurology Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Cao K, Xu J, Cao W, Wang X, Lv W, Zeng M, Zou X, Liu J, Feng Z. Assembly of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:247-259. [PMID: 37490987 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), also known as electron transport chain (ETC) Complex II, is the only enzyme complex engaged in both oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. SDH has received increasing attention due to its crucial role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and human health. Despite having the fewest subunits among the four ETC complexes, functional SDH is formed via a sequential and well-coordinated assembly of subunits. Along with the discovery of subunit-specific assembly factors, the dynamic involvement of the SDH assembly process in a broad range of diseases has been revealed. Recently, we reported that perturbation of SDH assembly in different tissues leads to interesting and distinct pathophysiological changes in mice, indicating a need to understand the intricate SDH assembly process in human health and diseases. Thus, in this review, we summarize recent findings on SDH pathogenesis with respect to disease and a focus on SDH assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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3
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Diodato D, Schiff M, Cohen BH, Bertini E, Rahman S. 258th ENMC international workshop Leigh syndrome spectrum: genetic causes, natural history and preparing for clinical trials 25-27 March 2022, Hoofddorp, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:700-709. [PMID: 37541860 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Diodato
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disease, CARAMMEL, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS_1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Bruce H Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics and Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
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Solomou G, Finch A, Asghar A, Bardella C. Mutant IDH in Gliomas: Role in Cancer and Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112883. [PMID: 37296846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a common feature of many cancers and, in some cases, is a consequence of mutation in metabolic genes, such as the ones involved in the TCA cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is mutated in many gliomas and other cancers. Physiologically, IDH converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), but when mutated, IDH reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). D2-HG accumulates at elevated levels in IDH mutant tumours, and in the last decade, a massive effort has been made to develop small inhibitors targeting mutant IDH. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular consequences of IDH mutations and the therapeutic approaches developed to target IDH mutant tumours, focusing on gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asim Asghar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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5
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Du Z, Zhou X, Lai Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Feng Z, Yu L, Tang Y, Wang W, Yu L, Tian C, Ran T, Chen H, Guddat LW, Liu F, Gao Y, Rao Z, Gong H. Structure of the human respiratory complex II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216713120. [PMID: 37098072 PMCID: PMC10161127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216713120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human complex II is a key protein complex that links two essential energy-producing processes: the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Deficiencies due to mutagenesis have been shown to cause mitochondrial disease and some types of cancers. However, the structure of this complex is yet to be resolved, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the functional aspects of this molecular machine. Here, we have determined the structure of human complex II in the presence of ubiquinone at 2.86 Å resolution by cryoelectron microscopy, showing it comprises two water-soluble subunits, SDHA and SDHB, and two membrane-spanning subunits, SDHC and SDHD. This structure allows us to propose a route for electron transfer. In addition, clinically relevant mutations are mapped onto the structure. This mapping provides a molecular understanding to explain why these variants have the potential to produce disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yuezheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jinxu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Ziyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Yanting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ting Ran
- Innovative Center For Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Hongming Chen
- Innovative Center For Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Innovative Center For Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongri Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
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6
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Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Singh AP, Singh S, Dasgupta S. Mitochondrial respiratory complexes: Significance in human mitochondrial disorders and cancers. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4049-4078. [PMID: 36074903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles that govern cellular energy production through the oxidative phosphorylation system utilizing five respiratory complexes. In addition, mitochondria also contribute to various critical signaling pathways including apoptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, calcium homeostasis, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Among these diverse functions, the energy generation program oversee by mitochondria represents an immaculate orchestration and functional coordination between the mitochondria and nuclear encoded molecules. Perturbation in this program through respiratory complexes' alteration results in the manifestation of various mitochondrial disorders and malignancy, which is alarmingly becoming evident in the recent literature. Considering the clinical relevance and importance of this emerging medical problem, this review sheds light on the timing and nature of molecular alterations in various respiratory complexes and their functional consequences observed in various mitochondrial disorders and human cancers. Finally, we discussed how this wealth of information could be exploited and tailored to develop respiratory complex targeted personalized therapeutics and biomarkers for better management of various incurable human mitochondrial disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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7
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Wang X, Lv W, Xu J, Zheng A, Zeng M, Cao K, Wang X, Cui Y, Li H, Yang M, Shao Y, Zhang F, Zou X, Long J, Feng Z, Liu J. Hepatic Suppression of Mitochondrial Complex II Assembly Drives Systemic Metabolic Benefits. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105587. [PMID: 35037426 PMCID: PMC8948583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternate day fasting (ADF), the most popular form of caloric restriction, has shown to improve metabolic health in preclinical subjects, while intrinsic network underpinning the process remains unclear. Here, it is found that liver undergoes dramatic metabolic reprogramming during ADF, accompanied surprisingly with unique complex II dysfunction attributing to suspended complex II assembly via suppressing SDHAF4, a recently identified assembly factor. Despite moderate mitochondrial complex II dysfunction, hepatic Sdhaf4 knockout mice present intriguingly improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity, consistent with mice after ADF intervention. Mechanistically, it is found that hepatocytes activate arginine-nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis axle in response to complex II and citric acid cycle dysfunction, the release of NO from liver can target muscle and adipocytes in addition to its autocrine action for enhanced insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the pivotal role of liver in ADF-associated systemic benefits, and suggest that targeting hepatic complex II assembly can be an intriguing strategy against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Adi Zheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yuting Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineXi'anShanghai200240China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghai200240China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
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9
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Molecular Genetics Overview of Primary Mitochondrial Myopathies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030632. [PMID: 35160083 PMCID: PMC8836969 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are the most common inherited conditions, characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation and caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes. Due to its high energy request, skeletal muscle is typically involved. According to the International Workshop of Experts in Mitochondrial Diseases held in Rome in 2016, the term Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (PMM) should refer to those mitochondrial disorders affecting principally, but not exclusively, the skeletal muscle. The clinical presentation may include general isolated myopathy with muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, chronic ophthalmoplegia/ophthalmoparesis (cPEO) and eyelids ptosis, or multisystem conditions where there is a coexistence with extramuscular signs and symptoms. In recent years, new therapeutic targets have been identified leading to the launch of some promising clinical trials that have mainly focused on treating muscle symptoms and that require populations with defined genotype. Advantages in next-generation sequencing techniques have substantially improved diagnosis. So far, an increasing number of mutations have been identified as responsible for mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we focused on the principal molecular genetic alterations in PMM. Accordingly, we carried out a comprehensive review of the literature and briefly discussed the possible approaches which could guide the clinician to a genetic diagnosis.
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10
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Yang Z, Cao J, Song Y, Li S, Jiao Z, Ren S, Gao X, Zhang S, Liu J, Chen Y. Whole-exome sequencing identified novel variants in three Chinese Leigh syndrome pedigrees. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1214-1225. [PMID: 35014173 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS), the most common mitochondrial disease in early childhood, usually manifests variable neurodegenerative symptoms and typical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions. To date, pathogenic variants in more than 80 genes have been identified. However, there are still many cases without molecular diagnoses, and thus more disease-causing variants need to be unveiled. Here, we presented three clinically suspected LS patients manifesting neurological symptoms including developmental delay, hypotonia, and epilepsy during the first year of age, along with symmetric brain lesions on MRI. We explored disease-associated variants in patients and their nonconsanguineous parents by whole-exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing verification. Sequencing data revealed three pairs of disease-associated compound heterozygous variants: c.1A>G (p.Met1?) and 409G>C (p.Asp137His) in SDHA, c.1253G>A (p.Arg418His) and 1300C>T (p.Leu434Phe) in NARS2, and c.5C>T (p.Ala2Val) and 773T>G (p.Leu258Trp) in ECHS1. Among them, the likely pathogenic variants c.409G>C (p.Asp137His) in SDHA, c.1300C>T (p.Leu434Phe) in NARS2, and c.773T>G (p.Leu258Trp) in ECHS1 were newly identified. Segregation analysis indicated the possible disease-causing nature of the novel variants. In silico prediction and three-dimensional protein modeling further suggested the potential pathogenicity of these variants. Our discovery of novel variants expands the gene variant spectrum of LS and provides novel evidence for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yucen Song
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suyi Li
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shumin Ren
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of MR Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Case Report: Genetic Alterations Associated with the Progression of Carotid Paraganglioma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2266-2275. [PMID: 34940133 PMCID: PMC8928979 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that can develop from any paraganglion across the body. The carotid body is the most often location of PGLs in the head and neck region. Carotid PGLs (CPGLs) are characterized by predominantly non-aggressive behavior; however, all tumors have the potential to metastasize. To date, molecular mechanisms of paraganglioma progression remain elusive. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman with metastatic CPGL manifesting as a recurrent tumor with lymph node metastasis. The tumor was fast-growing and had a high Ki-67 proliferation index. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination and whole-exome sequencing were performed for both recurrent tumor and metastasis. A germline pathogenic splice acceptor variant in the SDHB gene was found in the patient. Immunoreactivity of the SDHB subunit was weak diffuse in both samples, indicating deficiency of the succinate dehydrogenase. Moreover, the recurrent tumor exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the SDHB locus, that is according to Knudson's "two-hit" hypothesis of cancer causation. We also identified a rare somatic promotor mutation in the TERT gene associated with the tumor progression. Obtained results confirmed the indicative role of the germline SDHB mutation for metastatic CPGLs, as well as the potential prognostic value of the TERT promoter mutation.
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12
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Ece Solmaz A, Pariltay E, Talim B, Onay H. A novel bi-allelic variant in the SDHB gene causes a severe mitochondrial complex II deficiency: a case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 212:107039. [PMID: 34839152 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isolated deficiency of complex II is a rare inborn error of metabolism, accounting for approximately 2% of mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial complex II deficiency is predominantly seen in cases with bi-allelic SDHA mutations. To our knowledge, only 11 patients and five pathogenic variants have been reported for the SDHB gene. Our patient had a severe clinical presentation with seizures and sepsis, and died at the age of 2 months. Muscle biopsy analysis was compatible with mitochondrial myopathy with complex II deficiency. The family was given a molecular diagnosis for their child 2 years after his death via a clinical exome test of a frozen muscle biopsy specimen and a novel homozygous missense variant c.592 A>G (p.Ser198Gly) in SDHB gene was detected by next-generation sequencing. Here, we present another patient with a novel homozygous SDHB variant causing severe complex II deficiency and early death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ece Solmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Pariltay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beril Talim
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Ziemann M, Lim SC, Kang Y, Samuel S, Sanchez IL, Gantier M, Stojanovski D, McKenzie M. MicroRNA-101-3p Modulates Mitochondrial Metabolism via the Regulation of Complex II Assembly. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167361. [PMID: 34808225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-101-3p (miR-101-3p) is a tumour suppressor that regulates cancer proliferation and apoptotic signalling. Loss of miR-101-3p increases the expression of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) subunit enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), resulting in alterations to the epigenome and enhanced tumorigenesis. MiR-101-3p has also been shown to modulate various aspects of cellular metabolism, however little is known about the mechanisms involved. To investigate the metabolic pathways that are regulated by miR-101-3p, we performed transcriptome and functional analyses of osteosarcoma cells transfected with miR-101-3p. We found that miR-101-3p downregulates multiple mitochondrial processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, the citric acid cycle and phospholipid metabolism. We also found that miR-101-3p transfection disrupts the transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) via the downregulation of the mitochondrial transcription initiation complex proteins TFB2M and Mic60. These alterations in transcript expression disrupt mitochondrial function, with significant decreases in both basal (54%) and maximal (67%) mitochondrial respiration rates. Native gel electrophoresis revealed that this diminished respiratory capacity was associated with reduced steady-state levels of mature succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), with a corresponding reduction of complex II enzymatic activity. Furthermore, miR-101-3p transfection reduced the expression of the SDHB subunit, with a concomitant disruption of the assembly of the SDHC subunit into mature complex II. Overall, we describe a new role for miR-101-3p as a modulator of mitochondrial metabolism via its regulation of multiple mitochondrial processes, including mtDNA transcription and complex II biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 3216 Geelong, Australia. https://twitter.com/@mdziemann
| | - Sze Chern Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 3168 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 3052 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sona Samuel
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Isabel Lopez Sanchez
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. https://twitter.com/@DrIsabelLopez
| | - Michael Gantier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 3168 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 3168 Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/@GantierLab
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 3052 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 3216 Geelong, Australia; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 3168 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 3168 Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Dona M, Lamers M, Rohde S, Gorissen M, Timmers HJLM. Targeting the Redox Balance Pathway Using Ascorbic Acid in sdhb Zebrafish Mutant Larvae. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205124. [PMID: 34680273 PMCID: PMC8534273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thus far, no curative therapies are available for malignant SDHB-associated phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Therapy development is severely hampered by the limited availability of suitable animal models. In this study, we investigated the potential of the sdhbrmc200 zebrafish model to study SDHB-associated PPGLs using a drug screening approach. One of the key features of cancer initiation and progression is redox imbalance. First, we identified increased reactive oxygen species levels in homozygous sdhbrmc200 larvae at baseline. Next, we tested the effect of anti- and pro-oxidant ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) on these larvae. We validated the sdhbrmc200 zebrafish model as a powerful drug screening tool to provide valuable insights into pathomechanisms, which may lead to novel therapeutic targets and therapy development in the future. Abstract Patients with mutations in the β-subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB) have the highest risk to develop incurable malignant phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Therapy development is hindered by limited possibilities to test new therapeutic strategies in vivo. One possible molecular mechanism of SDHB-associated tumorigenesis originates in an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has already been shown to act as anti-cancer agent in several clinical trials for various types of cancer. In this study, the potential of the sdhbrmc200 zebrafish model to study SDHB-associated PPGLs using a drug screening approach was investigated. First, we identified increased basal ROS levels in homozygous sdhb larvae compared to heterozygous and wild-type siblings. Using a semi high-throughput drug screening, the effectiveness of different dosages of anti- and pro-oxidant Vitamin C were assessed to evaluate differences in survival, ROS levels, and locomotor activity. Low-dosage levels of Vitamin C induced a decrease of ROS levels but no significant effects on lifespan. In contrast, high-dosage levels of Vitamin C shortened the lifespan of the homozygous sdhbrmc200 larvae while not affecting the lifespan of heterozygous and wild-type siblings. These results validated the sdhbrmc200 zebrafish model as a powerful drug screening tool that may be used to identify novel therapeutic targets for SDHB-associated PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Dona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (S.R.); (H.J.L.M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maaike Lamers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (S.R.); (H.J.L.M.T.)
| | - Svenja Rohde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (S.R.); (H.J.L.M.T.)
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Henri J. L. M. Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (S.R.); (H.J.L.M.T.)
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15
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Milionis V, Goutas D, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Katsoulas N, Kyriazis ID, Liatsikos EN, Marinakis N, Joanne T, Lazaris AC, Goutas N. SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma: A case report associated with a novel germline mutation. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04605. [PMID: 34703596 PMCID: PMC8522490 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly syndromic nature of succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCCs constitutes their active surveillance and molecular profiling the alpha and omega.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios Goutas
- First Department of PathologySchool of MedicineThe National and Kapodistrian University of Athens–"Laikon" General Hospital of AthensAthenesGreece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachodimitropoulos
- Istomedica S.AAthensGreece
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyThe National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulas
- First Department of PathologySchool of MedicineThe National and Kapodistrian University of Athens–"Laikon" General Hospital of AthensAthenesGreece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Marinakis
- Laboratory of Medical GeneticsNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSt. Sophia Children's HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Traeger‐Synodinos Joanne
- Laboratory of Medical GeneticsNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSt. Sophia Children's HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Andreas C. Lazaris
- First Department of PathologySchool of MedicineThe National and Kapodistrian University of Athens–"Laikon" General Hospital of AthensAthenesGreece
| | - Nikolaos Goutas
- Istomedica S.AAthensGreece
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyThe National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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16
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Consolidating biallelic SDHD variants as a cause of mitochondrial complex II deficiency. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1570-1576. [PMID: 34012134 PMCID: PMC8484551 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency is a rare cause of mitochondrial respiratory chain disease. To date biallelic variants in three genes encoding mitochondrial complex II molecular components have been unequivocally associated with mitochondrial disease (SDHA/SDHB/SDHAF1). Additionally, variants in one further complex II component (SDHD) have been identified as a candidate cause of isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency in just two unrelated affected individuals with clinical features consistent with mitochondrial disease, including progressive encephalomyopathy and lethal infantile cardiomyopathy. We present clinical and genomic investigations in four individuals from an extended Palestinian family with clinical features consistent with an autosomal recessive mitochondrial complex II deficiency, in which our genomic studies identified a homozygous NM_003002.3:c.[205 G > A];[205 G > A];p.[(Glu69Lys)];[(Glu69Lys)] SDHD variant as the likely cause. Reviewing previously published cases, these findings consolidate disruption of SDHD function as a cause of mitochondrial complex II deficiency and further define the phenotypic spectrum associated with SDHD gene variants.
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17
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Gayathri N, Deepha S, Sharma S. Diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disorders -Emphasis on myopathological aspects. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:69-84. [PMID: 34592422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are one of the most common neurometabolic disorders affecting all age groups. The phenotype-genotype heterogeneity in these disorders can be attributed to the dual genetic control on mitochondrial functions, posing a challenge for diagnosis. Though the advancement in the high-throughput sequencing and other omics platforms resulted in a "genetics-first" approach, the muscle biopsy remains the benchmark in most of the mitochondrial disorders. This review focuses on the myopathological aspects of primary mitochondrial disorders. The utility of muscle biopsy is not limited to analyse the structural abnormalities; rather it also proves to be a potential tool to understand the deranged sub-cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India.
| | - Sekar Deepha
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
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18
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Hadrava Vanova K, Kraus M, Neuzil J, Rohlena J. Mitochondrial complex II and reactive oxygen species in disease and therapy. Redox Rep 2021; 25:26-32. [PMID: 32290794 PMCID: PMC7178880 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1752002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the respiratory Complex II (CII) as a source and modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both functional loss of CII as well as its pharmacological inhibition can lead to ROS generation in cells, with a relevant impact on the development of pathophysiological conditions, i.e. cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. While the basic framework of CII involvement in ROS production has been defined, the fine details still await clarification. It is important to resolve these aspects to fully understand the role of CII in pathology and to explore its therapeutic potential in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kraus
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
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19
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Sturrock BRH, Macnamara EF, McGuire P, Kruk S, Yang I, Murphy J, Tifft CJ, Gordon‐Lipkin E. Progressive cerebellar atrophy in a patient with complex II and III deficiency and a novel deleterious variant in SDHA: A Counseling Conundrum. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1692. [PMID: 33960148 PMCID: PMC8222855 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex II is an essential component of the electron transport chain, linking it with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Its four subunits are encoded in the nuclear genome, and deleterious variants in these genes, including SDHA (OMIM 600857), are associated with a wide range of symptoms including neurological disease, cardiomyopathy, and neoplasia (paraganglioma-pheochromocytomas (PGL/PCC), and gastrointestinal stromal tumors). Deleterious variants of SDHA are most frequently associated with Leigh and Leigh-like syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we describe a case of a 9-year-old boy with tremor, nystagmus, hypotonia, developmental delay, significant ataxia, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. He was found to have biallelic variants in SDHA, a known pathogenic variant (c.91C>T (p.R31*)), and a variant of unknown significance (c.454G>A (p.E152K)). Deficient activity of complexes II and III was detected in fibroblasts from the patient consistent with a diagnosis of a respiratory chain disorder. CONCLUSION We, therefore, consider whether c.454G>A (p.E152K) is, indeed, a pathogenic variant, and what implications it has for family members who carry the same variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beattie R. H. Sturrock
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramCommon FundOffice of the DirectorNIHBethesdaMDUSA
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS TrustBrightonEngland
| | - Ellen F. Macnamara
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramCommon FundOffice of the DirectorNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Peter McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity SectionNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Shannon Kruk
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity SectionNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ivan Yang
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity SectionNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramCommon FundOffice of the DirectorNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Cyndi J. Tifft
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramCommon FundOffice of the DirectorNIHBethesdaMDUSA
- Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Eliza Gordon‐Lipkin
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity SectionNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
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20
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Zehavi Y, Saada A, Jabaly-Habib H, Dessau M, Shaag A, Elpeleg O, Spiegel R. A novel de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in the SDHA gene results in childhood onset bilateral optic atrophy and cognitive impairment. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:581-588. [PMID: 33471299 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Isolated defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II (CII; succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) are extremely rare and mainly result from bi-allelic mutations in one of the nuclear encoded subunits: SDHA, SDHB and SDHD, which comprise CII and the assembly CII factor SDHAF1. We report an adolescent female who presented with global developmental delay, intellectual disability and childhood onset progressive bilateral optic atrophy. Whole exome sequencing of the patient and her unaffected parents identified the novel heterozygous de novo variant c.1984C > T [NM_004168.4] in the SDHA gene. Biochemical assessment of CII in the patient's derived fibroblasts and lymphocytes displayed considerably decreased CII residual activity compared with normal controls, when normalized to the integral mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase. Protein modeling of the consequent p.Arg662Cys variant [NP-004159.2] suggested that this substitution will compromise the structural integrity of the FAD-binding protein at the C-terminus that will ultimately impair the FAD binding to SDHA, thus decreasing the entire CII activity. Our study emphasizes the role of certain heterozygous SDHA mutations in a distinct clinical phenotype dominated by optic atrophy and neurological impairment. This is the second mutation that has been reported to cause this phenotype. Furthermore, it adds developmental delay and cognitive disability to the expanding spectrum of the disorder. We propose to add SDHA to next generation sequencing gene panels of optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Zehavi
- Pediatric Department B' Emek Medical Center, 1834111, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport School of Medicine Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Dessau
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Pediatric Department B' Emek Medical Center, 1834111, Afula, Israel.
- Rappaport School of Medicine Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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21
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Blackout in the powerhouse: clinical phenotypes associated with defects in the assembly of OXPHOS complexes and the mitoribosome. Biochem J 2021; 477:4085-4132. [PMID: 33151299 PMCID: PMC7657662 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the bulk of the energy used by almost all eukaryotic cells through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) which occurs on the four complexes of the respiratory chain and the F1–F0 ATPase. Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogenous group of conditions affecting OXPHOS, either directly through mutation of genes encoding subunits of OXPHOS complexes, or indirectly through mutations in genes encoding proteins supporting this process. These include proteins that promote assembly of the OXPHOS complexes, the post-translational modification of subunits, insertion of cofactors or indeed subunit synthesis. The latter is important for all 13 of the proteins encoded by human mitochondrial DNA, which are synthesised on mitochondrial ribosomes. Together the five OXPHOS complexes and the mitochondrial ribosome are comprised of more than 160 subunits and many more proteins support their biogenesis. Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes encoding these proteins have been reported to cause mitochondrial disease, many leading to defective complex assembly with the severity of the assembly defect reflecting the severity of the disease. This review aims to act as an interface between the clinical and basic research underpinning our knowledge of OXPHOS complex and ribosome assembly, and the dysfunction of this process in mitochondrial disease.
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22
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Fox BC, Slade L, Torregrossa R, Pacitti D, Szabo C, Etheridge T, Whiteman M. The mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor AP39 improves health and mitochondrial function in a C. elegans primary mitochondrial disease model. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:367-375. [PMID: 33325042 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are inherited diseases that cause dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to diverse multisystem diseases and substantially impaired quality of life. PMD treatment currently comprises symptom management, with an unmet need for therapies targeting the causative mitochondrial defects. Molecules which selective target mitochondria have been proposed as potential treatment options in PMD but have met with limited success. We have previously shown in animal models that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the disease process could be prevented and/or reversed by selective targeting of the "gasotransmitter" hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) to mitochondria using a novel compound, AP39. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether AP39 could also restore mitochondrial function in PMD models where mitochondrial dysfunction was the cause of the disease pathology using C. elegans. We characterised several PMD mutant C. elegans strains for reduced survival, movement and impaired cellular bioenergetics and treated each with AP39. In animals with widespread electron transport chain deficiency (gfm-1[ok3372]), AP39 (100 nM) restored ATP levels, but had no effect on survival or movement. However, in a complex I mutant (nuo-4[ok2533]), a Leigh syndrome orthologue, AP39 significantly reversed the decline in ATP levels, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and increased movement and survival. For the first time, this study provides proof-of-principle evidence suggesting that selective targeting of mitochondria with H2 S could represent a novel drug discovery approach to delay, prevent and possibly reverse mitochondrial decline in PMD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Slade
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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23
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Ceccatelli Berti C, di Punzio G, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Lodi T, Donnini C. The Power of Yeast in Modelling Human Nuclear Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33672627 PMCID: PMC7924180 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of next generation sequencing approaches to the analysis of human exome and whole genome data has enabled the identification of novel variants and new genes involved in mitochondrial diseases. The ability of surviving in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial genome makes the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for investigating the role of these new variants in mitochondrial-related conditions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms associated with these diseases. The aim of this review was to highlight the main advantages offered by this model for the study of mitochondrial diseases, from the validation and characterisation of novel mutations to the dissection of the role played by genes in mitochondrial functionality and the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules. The review also provides a summary of the main contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial diseases emerged from the study of this simple eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.C.B.); (G.d.P.); (C.D.); (E.B.); (P.G.); (T.L.)
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24
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Ramaccini D, Montoya-Uribe V, Aan FJ, Modesti L, Potes Y, Wieckowski MR, Krga I, Glibetić M, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Matter ML. Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:624216. [PMID: 33511136 PMCID: PMC7835522 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue requires a persistent production of energy in order to exert its pumping function. Therefore, the maintenance of this function relies on mitochondria that represent the “powerhouse” of all cardiac activities. Mitochondria being one of the key players for the proper functioning of the mammalian heart suggests continual regulation and organization. Mitochondria adapt to cellular energy demands via fusion-fission events and, as a proof-reading ability, undergo mitophagy in cases of abnormalities. Ca2+ fluxes play a pivotal role in regulating all mitochondrial functions, including ATP production, metabolism, oxidative stress balance and apoptosis. Communication between mitochondria and others organelles, especially the sarcoplasmic reticulum is required for optimal function. Consequently, abnormal mitochondrial activity results in decreased energy production leading to pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe how mitochondrial function or dysfunction impacts cardiac activities and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramaccini
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Femke J Aan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Krga
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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25
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Mitochondrial Structure and Bioenergetics in Normal and Disease Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020586. [PMID: 33435522 PMCID: PMC7827222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous intracellular organelles found in almost all eukaryotes and involved in various aspects of cellular life, with a primary role in energy production. The interest in this organelle has grown stronger with the discovery of their link to various pathologies, including cancer, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, dysfunctional mitochondria cannot provide the required energy to tissues with a high-energy demand, such as heart, brain and muscles, leading to a large spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Mitochondrial defects are at the origin of a group of clinically heterogeneous pathologies, called mitochondrial diseases, with an incidence of 1 in 5000 live births. Primary mitochondrial diseases are associated with genetic mutations both in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), affecting genes involved in every aspect of the organelle function. As a consequence, it is difficult to find a common cause for mitochondrial diseases and, subsequently, to offer a precise clinical definition of the pathology. Moreover, the complexity of this condition makes it challenging to identify possible therapies or drug targets.
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26
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Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
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27
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Human Mitochondrial Pathologies of the Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase: Contributions from Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110304. [PMID: 33238568 PMCID: PMC7700678 DOI: 10.3390/life10110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ease with which the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be manipulated genetically and biochemically has established this organism as a good model for the study of human mitochondrial diseases. The combined use of biochemical and molecular genetic tools has been instrumental in elucidating the functions of numerous yeast nuclear gene products with human homologs that affect a large number of metabolic and biological processes, including those housed in mitochondria. These include structural and catalytic subunits of enzymes and protein factors that impinge on the biogenesis of the respiratory chain. This article will review what is currently known about the genetics and clinical phenotypes of mitochondrial diseases of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, with special emphasis on the contribution of information gained from pet mutants with mutations in nuclear genes that impair mitochondrial respiration. Our intent is to provide the yeast mitochondrial specialist with basic knowledge of human mitochondrial pathologies and the human specialist with information on how genes that directly and indirectly affect respiration were identified and characterized in yeast.
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28
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Moreno C, Santos RM, Burns R, Zhang WC. Succinate Dehydrogenase and Ribonucleic Acid Networks in Cancer and Other Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113237. [PMID: 33153035 PMCID: PMC7693138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the dysfunction of the succinate dehydrogenase complex in mitochondria leads to cancer and other diseases due to aberrant metabolic reactions and signaling pathways, it is not well known how the succinate dehydrogenase complex is regulated. Our review highlights that non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), RNA editing enzymes, and RNA modifying enzymes regulate expressions and functions of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. This research will provide new strategies for treating succinate dehydrogenase-relevant diseases in a clinic. Abstract Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex connects both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria. However, SDH mutation or dysfunction-induced succinate accumulation results in multiple cancers and non-cancer diseases. The mechanistic studies show that succinate activates hypoxia response and other signal pathways via binding to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and succinate receptors. Recently, the increasing knowledge of ribonucleic acid (RNA) networks, including non-coding RNAs, RNA editors, and RNA modifiers has expanded our understanding of the interplay between SDH and RNA networks in cancer and other diseases. Here, we summarize recent discoveries in the RNA networks and their connections to SDH. Additionally, we discuss current therapeutics targeting SDH in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Thus, we propose a new model of SDH–RNA network interaction and bring promising RNA therapeutics against SDH-relevant cancer and other diseases.
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29
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Saneto RP. Mitochondrial diseases: expanding the diagnosis in the era of genetic testing. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 4:384-428. [PMID: 33426505 PMCID: PMC7791531 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. These diseases were initially described a little over three decades ago. Limited diagnostic tools created disease descriptions based on clinical, biochemical analytes, neuroimaging, and muscle biopsy findings. This diagnostic mechanism continued to evolve detection of inherited oxidative phosphorylation disorders and expanded discovery of mitochondrial physiology over the next two decades. Limited genetic testing hampered the definitive diagnostic identification and breadth of diseases. Over the last decade, the development and incorporation of massive parallel sequencing has identified approximately 300 genes involved in mitochondrial disease. Gene testing has enlarged our understanding of how genetic defects lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. These findings have expanded the understanding of how mechanisms of mitochondrial physiology can induce dysfunction and disease, but the complete collection of disease-causing gene variants remains incomplete. This article reviews the developments in disease gene discovery and the incorporation of gene findings with mitochondrial physiology. This understanding is critical to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Saneto
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Neurology/Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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30
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Fullerton M, McFarland R, Taylor RW, Alston CL. The genetic basis of isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:53-65. [PMID: 33162331 PMCID: PMC7758838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the smallest complex of the oxidative phosphorylation system, a tetramer of just 140 kDa. Despite its diminutive size, it is a key complex in two coupled metabolic pathways - it oxidises succinate to fumarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electrons are used to reduce FAD to FADH2, ultimately reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol in the respiratory chain. The biogenesis and assembly of complex II is facilitated by four ancillary proteins, all of which are autosomally-encoded. Numerous pathogenic defects have been reported which describe two broad clinical manifestations, either susceptibility to cancer in the case of single, heterozygous germline variants, or a mitochondrial disease presentation, almost exclusively due to bi-allelic recessive variants and associated with an isolated complex II deficiency. Here we present a compendium of pathogenic gene variants that have been documented in the literature in patients with an isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency. To date, 61 patients are described, harbouring 32 different pathogenic variants in four distinct complex II genes: three structural subunit genes (SDHA, SDHB and SDHD) and one assembly factor gene (SDHAF1). Many pathogenic variants result in a null allele due to nonsense, frameshift or splicing defects however, the missense variants that do occur tend to induce substitutions at highly conserved residues in regions of the proteins that are critical for binding to other subunits or substrates. There is phenotypic heterogeneity associated with defects in each complex II gene, similar to other mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Fullerton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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31
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Sciacovelli M, Schmidt C, Maher ER, Frezza C. Metabolic Drivers in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease in which inherited genetic variants can be important drivers of tumorigenesis. The discovery that germline mutations of metabolic genes predispose to familial forms of cancer caused a shift in our understanding of how metabolism contributes to tumorigenesis, providing evidence that metabolic alterations can be oncogenic. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial enzymes whose mutations predispose to familial cancer, and we fully appraise their involvement in cancer formation and progression. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate transformation in these diverse tumors may answer key biological questions about tumor formation and evolution, leading to the identification of new therapeutic targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sciacovelli
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom;,
| | - Christina Schmidt
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom;,
| | - Eamonn R. Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR (National Institute of Health Research) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom;,
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32
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Kaur P, Sharma S, Kadavigere R, Girisha KM, Shukla A. Novel variant p.(Ala102Thr) in
SDHB
causes mitochondrial complex II deficiency: Case report and review of the literature. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:345-351. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parneet Kaur
- Department of Medical Genetics Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Neurology Division Department of Pediatrics Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
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33
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Moosavi B, Zhu XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. Molecular pathogenesis of tumorigenesis caused by succinate dehydrogenase defect. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2019.151057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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34
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Frazier AE, Vincent AE, Turnbull DM, Thorburn DR, Taylor RW. Assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in cells and tissues. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 155:121-156. [PMID: 32183956 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the individual enzymes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) forms a key part of diagnostic investigations in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease, and can provide crucial information on mitochondrial OXPHOS function in a variety of cells and tissues that are applicable to many research investigations. In this chapter, we present methods for analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in cells and tissues based on assays performed in two geographically separate diagnostic referral centers, as part of clinical diagnostic investigations. Techniques for sample preparation from cells and tissues, and spectrophotometric assays for measurement of the activities of OXPHOS complexes I-V, the combined activity of complexes II+III, and the mitochondrial matrix enzyme citrate synthase, are provided. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes are often expressed relative to citrate synthase activity, since these ratios may be more robust in accounting for variability that may arise due to tissue quality, handling and storage, cell growth conditions, or any mitochondrial proliferation that may be present in tissues from patients with mitochondrial disease. Considerations for adaption of these techniques to other cells, tissues, and organisms are presented, as well as comparisons to alternate methods for analysis of respiratory chain function. In this context, a quantitative immunofluorescence protocol is also provided that is suitable for measurement of the amount of multiple respiratory chain complexes in small diagnostic tissue samples. The analysis and interpretation of OXPHOS enzyme activities are then placed in the context of mitochondrial disease tissue pathology and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Frazier
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thorburn
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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35
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Sacchetto C, Sequeira V, Bertero E, Dudek J, Maack C, Calore M. Metabolic Alterations in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2195. [PMID: 31842377 PMCID: PMC6947282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of the heart relies on a series of complex metabolic processes orchestrating the proper generation and use of energy. In this context, mitochondria serve a crucial role as a platform for energy transduction by supplying ATP to the varying demand of cardiomyocytes, involving an intricate network of pathways regulating the metabolic flux of substrates. The failure of these processes results in structural and functional deficiencies of the cardiac muscle, including inherited cardiomyopathies. These genetic diseases are characterized by cardiac structural and functional anomalies in the absence of abnormal conditions that can explain the observed myocardial abnormality, and are frequently associated with heart failure. Since their original description, major advances have been achieved in the genetic and phenotype knowledge, highlighting the involvement of metabolic abnormalities in their pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the role of mitochondria in the energy metabolism in the heart and focuses on metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and storage diseases associated with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sacchetto
- IMAiA—Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Health, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Martina Calore
- IMAiA—Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Health, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Al Khazal F, Holte MN, Bolon B, White TA, LeBrasseur N, Maher LJ. A conditional mouse model of complex II deficiency manifesting as Leigh-like syndrome. FASEB J 2019; 33:13189-13201. [PMID: 31469588 PMCID: PMC6894089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802655rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome embodies degenerative disorders with a collection of symptoms secondary to inborn errors of metabolism. Combinations of hypomorphic and loss-of-function alleles in many genes have been shown to result in Leigh syndrome. Interestingly, deficiency for the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) can lead to Leigh-like syndrome in some circumstances and to cancer (paraganglioma, renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor) in others. In our experiments originally intended to create an inducible whole-body SDH-loss mouse model of tumorigenesis, we generated a condition reminiscent of Leigh-like syndrome that is lethal to mice within 4 wk. Remarkably, as has been shown for other mitochondrial diseases, chronic hypoxia offers substantial protection to mice from this condition after systemic SDH loss, allowing survival in the context of profoundly impaired oxidative metabolism.-Al Khazal, F., Holte, M. N., Bolon, B., White, T. A., LeBrasseur, N., Maher, L. J. III. A conditional mouse model of complex II deficiency manifesting as Leigh-like syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al Khazal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Molly Nelson Holte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Thomas A. White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - L. James Maher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Lee H, Jeong S, Yu Y, Kang J, Sun H, Rhee JK, Kim YH. Risk of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in SDHx mutation carriers: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. J Med Genet 2019; 57:217-225. [PMID: 31649053 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are tumours that arise from chromaffin cells. Some genetic mutations influence PPGL, among which, those in genes encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD) and assembly factor (SDHAF2) are the most relevant. However, the risk of metastasis posed by these mutations is not reported except for SDHB and SDHD mutations. This study aimed to update the metastatic risks, considering prevalence and incidence of each SDHx mutation, which were dealt formerly all together. METHODS We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE and selected 27 articles. The patients included in the studies were divided into three groups depending on the presence of PPGL. We checked the heterogeneity between studies and performed a meta-analysis using Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method based on a random effect model. RESULTS The highest PPGL prevalence was for SDHB mutation, ranging from 23% to 31%, and for SDHC mutation (23%), followed by that for SDHA mutation (16%). The lowest prevalence was for SDHD mutation, ranging from 6% to 8%. SDHAF2 mutation showed no metastatic events. The PPGL incidence showed a tendency similar to that of its prevalence with the highest risk of metastasis posed by SDHB mutation (12%-41%) and the lowest risk by SDHD mutation (~4%). CONCLUSION There was no integrated evidence of how SDHx mutations are related to metastatic PPGL. However, these findings suggest that SDHA, SDHB and SDHC mutations are highly associated and should be tested as indicators of metastasis in patients with PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Lee
- Interdisciplinary program of genomic data science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seongdo Jeong
- Interdisciplinary program of genomic data science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Interdisciplinary program of genomic data science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Junho Kang
- Interdisciplinary program of genomic data science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hokeun Sun
- Department of Statistics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Je-Keun Rhee
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea (the Republic of)
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Moosavi B, Berry EA, Zhu XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. The assembly of succinate dehydrogenase: a key enzyme in bioenergetics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4023-4042. [PMID: 31236625 PMCID: PMC11105593 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also known as complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme involved in both oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle; the processes that generate energy. SDH is a multi-subunit enzyme which requires a series of proteins for its proper assembly at several steps. This enzyme has medical significance as there is a broad range of human diseases from cancers to neurodegeneration related to SDH malfunction. Some of these disorders have recently been linked to defective assembly factors, reinvigorating further research in this area. Apart from that this enzyme has agricultural importance as many fungicides have been/will be designed targeting specifically this enzyme in plant fungal pathogens. In addition, we speculate it might be possible to design novel fungicides specifically targeting fungal assembly factors. Considering the medical and agricultural implications of SDH, the aim of this review is an overview of the SDH assembly factors and critical analysis of controversial issues around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Moosavi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Edward A Berry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Duarte-Hospital C, Huc L, Bortoli S, Coumoul X. Les xénobiotiques, quel impact sur les maladies métaboliques ? CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wang H, Tan S, Dong J, Zhang J, Yao B, Xu X, Hao Y, Yu C, Zhou H, Zhao L, Peng R. iTRAQ quantitatively proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of accumulative microwave-induced cognitive impairment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17248-17260. [PMID: 31012066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system is sensitive and vulnerable to microwave radiation. Numerous studies have reported that microwave could damage cognitive functions, such as impairment of learning and memory ability. However, the biological effects and mechanisms of accumulative microwave radiation on cognitive functions were remained unexplored. In this study, we analyzed differential expressed proteins in rat models of microwave-induced cognitive impairment by iTRAQ high-resolution proteomic method. Rats were exposed to 2.856 GHz microwave (S band), followed by 1.5 GHz microwave exposure (L band) both at an average power density of 10 mW/cm2 (SL10 group). Sham-exposed (control group), 2.856 GHz microwave-exposed (S10 group), or 1.5 GHz microwave-exposed (L10 group) rats were used as controls. Hippocampus was isolated, and total proteins were extracted at 7 days after exposure, for screening differential expressed proteins. We found that accumulative microwave exposure induced 391 differential expressed proteins, including 9 downregulated and 382 upregulated proteins. The results of GO analysis suggested that the biological processes of these proteins were related to the adhesion, translation, brain development, learning and memory, neurogenesis, and so on. The cellular components mainly focused on the extracellular exosome, membrane, and mitochondria. The molecular function contained the protein complex binding, protein binding, and ubiquitin-protein transferase activity. And, the KEGG pathways mainly included the synaptic vesicle cycle, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, glutamatergic synapse, and calcium signaling pathways. Importantly, accumulative exposure (SL10 group) caused more differential expressed proteins than single exposure (S10 group or L10 group). In conclusion, 10 mW/cm2 S or L band microwave induced numerous differential expressed proteins in the hippocampus, while accumulative exposure evoked strongest responses. These proteins were closely associated with cognitive functions and were sensitive to microwave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Cascón A, Remacha L, Calsina B, Robledo M. Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Bypassing Cellular Respiration. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E683. [PMID: 31100940 PMCID: PMC6562521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that show the highest heritability of all human neoplasms and represent a paradoxical example of genetic heterogeneity. Amongst the elevated number of genes involved in the hereditary predisposition to the disease (at least nineteen) there are eleven tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related genes, some of which are also involved in the development of congenital recessive neurological disorders and other cancers such as cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, gastrointestinal tumors and renal cancer. Somatic or germline mutation of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing pivotal steps of the TCA cycle not only disrupts cellular respiration, but also causes severe alterations in mitochondrial metabolite pools. These latter alterations lead to aberrant accumulation of "oncometabolites" that, in the end, may lead to deregulation of the metabolic adaptation of cells to hypoxia, inhibition of the DNA repair processes and overall pathological changes in gene expression. In this review, we will address the TCA cycle mutations leading to the development of PPGL, and we will discuss the relevance of these mutations for the transformation of neural crest-derived cells and potential therapeutic approaches based on the emerging knowledge of underlying molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Remacha
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruna Calsina
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang J, Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Kong W, Jiang Y, Wang J, Xiao J, Wu Y. Genotypic Spectrum and Natural History of Cavitating Leukoencephalopathies in Childhood. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 94:38-47. [PMID: 30770271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to delineate the pattern of natural course, neuroimaging features, and the genotypic spectrum of cavitating leukoencephalopathies. METHODS Children (age of onset ≤16 years) who met the criteria for cavitating leukoencephalopathies from January 2009 to October 2018 were identified. Whole-exome sequencing and prospective follow-up study of the natural history and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. RESULTS Thirty-seven children were clinically diagnosed with cavitating leukoencephalopathies. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in eight genes were identified in 31 individuals (83.78%): IBA57 (17/37), NDUFS1 (5/37), NDUFV1 (2/37), NDUFV2 (3/37), NDUFAF5 (1/37), LYRM7 (1/37), NDUFB8 (1/37), and GLRX5 (1/37). All genes were engaged in mitochondrial function. IBA57 was identified in half of children. Mutations in NDUFV2, NDUFAF5, NDUFB8, or GLRX5 were first found to be related to cavitating leukoencephalopathies. Follow-up with a median of 23.5 months (four to 107 months) was available. The median age at disease onset was 11 months. All cases presented acute or subacute onset, and the initial presentation was rapid motor regression in 35 cases. Thirty-five children (35/37) exhibited a stabilized or improved pattern. Cavities and high-intensity diffusion-weighted imaging signals were the common MRI features during the acute stage. Although clinically stable, 21 children had reserved high diffusion-weighted imaging signals for a long time. Patients with different gene mutations show different MRI patterns. CONCLUSIONS The study expands the number of genes involved in cavitating leukoencephalopathies to 22. IBA57 is the most common candidate gene. Most cases showed a stabilized or improved pattern after an acute or subacute onset, which is different from most other inherited metabolic diseases or leukodystrophies. More cases and a longer follow-up period are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Lin L, Liu Y, Fu S, Qu C, Li H, Ni J. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex Function-The Hepatotoxicity Mechanism of Emodin Based on Quantitative Proteomic Analyses. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030263. [PMID: 30897821 PMCID: PMC6468815 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is the main component of traditional Chinese medicines including rhubarb, Polygonum multiflorum, and Polygonum cuspidatum. It has confirmed hepatotoxicity and may be the main causative agent of liver damage associated with the above-mentioned traditional Chinese medicines. However, current research does not explain the mechanism of emodin in hepatotoxicity. In this study, L02 cells were used as a model to study the mechanism of emodin-induced hepatocyte apoptosis using quantitative proteomics, and the results were verified by Western blot. A total of 662 differentially expressed proteins were discovered and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The results show that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway is highly represented. Abnormalities in this pathway result in impaired mitochondrial function and represent mitochondrial damage. This result is consistent with mitochondria membrane potential measurements. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that emodin mainly affects oxidative phosphorylation pathways by inhibiting the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes; the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity assay result also confirmed that emodin could inhibit the activity of all mitochondrial complexes. This results in an increase in caspase-3, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP,) an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disorders in ATP synthesis, etc., eventually leading to mitochondrial damage and hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Sai Fu
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese material medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese material medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Schoonen M, Smuts I, Louw R, Elson JL, van Dyk E, Jonck LM, Rodenburg RJT, van der Westhuizen FH. Panel-Based Nuclear and Mitochondrial Next-Generation Sequencing Outcomes of an Ethnically Diverse Pediatric Patient Cohort with Mitochondrial Disease. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:503-513. [PMID: 30872186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease (MD) is a group of rare inherited disorders with clinical heterogeneous phenotypes. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow for rapid genetic diagnostics in patients who experience MD, resulting in significant strides in determining its etiology. This, however, has not been the case in many patient populations. We report on a molecular diagnostic study using mitochondrial DNA and targeted nuclear DNA (nDNA) NGS of an extensive cohort of predominantly sub-Saharan African pediatric patients with clinical and biochemically defined MD. Patients in this novel cohort presented mostly with muscle involvement (73%). Of the original 212 patients, a muscle respiratory chain deficiency was identified in 127 cases. Genetic analyses were conducted for these 127 cases based on biochemical deficiencies, for both mitochondrial (n = 123) and nDNA using panel-based NGS (n = 86). As a pilot investigation, whole-exome sequencing was performed in a subset of African patients (n = 8). These analyses resulted in the identification of a previously reported pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant and seven pathogenic or likely pathogenic nDNA variants (ETFDH, SURF1, COQ6, RYR1, STAC3, ALAS2, and TRIOBP), most of which were identified via whole-exome sequencing. This study contributes to knowledge of MD etiology in an understudied, ethnically diverse population; highlights inconsistencies in genotype-phenotype correlations; and proposes future directions for diagnostic approaches in such patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke Schoonen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Izelle Smuts
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Etresia van Dyk
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lindi-Maryn Jonck
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard J T Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Francois H van der Westhuizen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Oudijk L, Gaal J, de Krijger RR. The Role of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Analysis of Succinate Dehydrogenase in the Diagnosis of Endocrine and Non-Endocrine Tumors and Related Syndromes. Endocr Pathol 2019; 30:64-73. [PMID: 30421319 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-018-9555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme complex, composed of four protein subunits, that plays a role in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. The genes for SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD are located in the nuclear DNA, and mutations in these genes have initially been described in paragangliomas (PGL) and pheochromocytomas (PCC), which are relatively rare tumors derived from the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla, respectively. Patients with SDH mutations, that are almost exclusively in the germline, are frequently affected by multiple PGL and/or PCC. In addition, other tumors have been associated with SDH mutations as well, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma, and pituitary adenomas. Immunohistochemistry for SDHB and SDHA has been shown to be a valuable additional tool in the histopathological analysis of these tumors, and can be considered as a surrogate marker for molecular analysis. In addition, SDHB immunohistochemistry is relevant in the decision-making whether a genetic sequence variant represents a pathogenic mutation or not. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of the physiologic and pathologic role of the SDH enzyme complex and its involvement in endocrine and non-endocrine tumors, with an emphasis on the applicability of immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Oudijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - José Gaal
- Department of Pathology, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald R de Krijger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center/Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Oyarzabal A, Marin-Valencia I. Synaptic energy metabolism and neuronal excitability, in sickness and health. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:220-236. [PMID: 30734319 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most of the energy produced in the brain is dedicated to supporting synaptic transmission. Glucose is the main fuel, providing energy and carbon skeletons to the cells that execute and support synaptic function: neurons and astrocytes, respectively. It is unclear, however, how glucose is provided to and used by these cells under different levels of synaptic activity. It is even more unclear how diseases that impair glucose uptake and oxidation in the brain alter metabolism in neurons and astrocytes, disrupt synaptic activity, and cause neurological dysfunction, of which seizures are one of the most common clinical manifestations. Poor mechanistic understanding of diseases involving synaptic energy metabolism has prevented the expansion of therapeutic options, which, in most cases, are limited to symptomatic treatments. To shed light on the intersections between metabolism, synaptic transmission, and neuronal excitability, we briefly review current knowledge of compartmentalized metabolism in neurons and astrocytes, the biochemical pathways that fuel synaptic transmission at resting and active states, and the mechanisms by which disorders of brain glucose metabolism disrupt neuronal excitability and synaptic function and cause neurological disease in the form of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Oyarzabal
- Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Marin-Valencia
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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Gurgel-Giannetti J, Lynch DS, de Paiva ARB, Lucato LT, Yamamoto G, Thomsen C, Basu S, Freua F, Giannetti AV, de Assis BDR, Ribeiro MDO, Barcelos I, Sayão Souza K, Monti F, Melo US, Amorim S, Silva LGL, Macedo-Souza LI, Vianna-Morgante AM, Hirano M, Van der Knaap MS, Lill R, Vainzof M, Oldfors A, Houlden H, Kok F. A novel complex neurological phenotype due to a homozygous mutation in FDX2. Brain 2018; 141:2289-2298. [PMID: 30010796 PMCID: PMC6061701 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in iron-sulphur [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis are increasingly recognized as causing neurological disease. Mutations in a number of genes that encode proteins involved in mitochondrial [Fe-S] protein assembly lead to complex neurological phenotypes. One class of proteins essential in the early cluster assembly are ferredoxins. FDX2 is ubiquitously expressed and is essential in the de novo formation of [2Fe-2S] clusters in humans. We describe and genetically define a novel complex neurological syndrome identified in two Brazilian families, with a novel homozygous mutation in FDX2. Patients were clinically evaluated, underwent MRI, nerve conduction studies, EMG and muscle biopsy. To define the genetic aetiology, a combination of homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing was performed. We identified six patients from two apparently unrelated families with autosomal recessive inheritance of a complex neurological phenotype involving optic atrophy and nystagmus developing by age 3, followed by myopathy and recurrent episodes of cramps, myalgia and muscle weakness in the first or second decade of life. Sensory-motor axonal neuropathy led to progressive distal weakness. MRI disclosed a reversible or partially reversible leukoencephalopathy. Muscle biopsy demonstrated an unusual pattern of regional succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency with iron accumulation. The phenotype was mapped in both families to the same homozygous missense mutation in FDX2 (c.431C > T, p.P144L). The deleterious effect of the mutation was validated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, which demonstrated normal expression of FDX2 mRNA but severely reduced expression of FDX2 protein in muscle tissue. This study describes a novel complex neurological phenotype with unusual MRI and muscle biopsy features, conclusively mapped to a mutation in FDX2, which encodes a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial ferredoxin essential for early [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Lynch
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Leandro Tavares Lucato
- Neuroradiology Section, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Yamamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christer Thomsen
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Somsuvro Basu
- Institute for Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Fernando Freua
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Della Ripa de Assis
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Dell Ospedale Ribeiro
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Barcelos
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katiane Sayão Souza
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Monti
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uirá Souto Melo
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Amorim
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo G L Silva
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Inês Macedo-Souza
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela M Vianna-Morgante
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Marjo S Van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Lill
- Institute for Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, SynMikro, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Fernando Kok
- Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Eijkelenkamp K, Olderode-Berends MJW, van der Luijt RB, Robledo M, van Dooren M, Feelders RA, de Vries J, Kerstens MN, Links TP, van der Horst-Schrivers ANA. Homozygous TMEM127 mutations in 2 patients with bilateral pheochromocytomas. Clin Genet 2018; 93:1049-1056. [PMID: 29282712 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that are hereditary in up to 50% of patients. The gene encoding transmembrane-protein-127 (TMEM127) is one of the PCC/PGL-susceptibility genes with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Here, we report 2 patients with bilateral PCC who both harbored a homozygous TMEM127-mutation. In a 31-year-old mentally retarded patient, the homozygous c.410-2A > G mutation was discovered during an update of DNA analysis. A 26-year-old mentally retarded patient was found to have a homozygous c.3G > A mutation. The parents of both patients were consanguineous. We reviewed previously reported clinical features of TMEM127 mutation carriers and compared our findings with case descriptions of homozygous mutations in other PGL/PCC-susceptibility genes. Homozygosity for an autosomal dominant inherited disorder is an extremely rare phenomenon and has, to our knowledge, not been reported before for the gene encoding TMEM127. In the present cases, the clinical picture does not seem to be very different from heterozygous TMEM127 mutation carriers, except for a relatively large tumor size and more pronounced plasma metanephrine concentration. It is unclear whether the mental retardation is causally related to homozygosity of the TMEM127 mutations. Updating genetic screening in patients in whom PCC/PGL has been diagnosed in the past should be considered as it might provide clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eijkelenkamp
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J W Olderode-Berends
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R B van der Luijt
- Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M van Dooren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Feelders
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J de Vries
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T P Links
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A N A van der Horst-Schrivers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and trafficking - impact on human disease conditions. Metallomics 2018; 10:9-29. [PMID: 29019354 PMCID: PMC5783746 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S) are one of the most ancient, ubiquitous and versatile classes of metal cofactors found in nature. Proteins that contain Fe-S clusters constitute one of the largest families of proteins, with varied functions that include electron transport, regulation of gene expression, substrate binding and activation, radical generation, and, more recently discovered, DNA repair. Research during the past two decades has shown that mitochondria are central to the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters in eukaryotic cells via a conserved cluster assembly machinery (ISC assembly machinery) that also controls the synthesis of Fe-S clusters of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Several key steps for synthesis and trafficking have been determined for mitochondrial Fe-S clusters, as well as the cytosol (CIA - cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly), but detailed mechanisms of cluster biosynthesis, transport, and exchange are not well established. Genetic mutations and the instability of certain steps in the biosynthesis and maturation of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S cluster proteins affects overall cellular iron homeostasis and can lead to severe metabolic, systemic, neurological and hematological diseases, often resulting in fatality. In this review we briefly summarize the current molecular understanding of both mitochondrial ISC and CIA assembly machineries, and present a comprehensive overview of various associated inborn human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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50
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Yu J, Chen J, Zhao H, Gao J, Li Y, Li Y, Xue J, Dahan A, Sun D, Zhang G, Zhang H. Integrative proteomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the toxicity of cationic liposomes to human normal hepatocyte cell line L02. Mol Omics 2018; 14:362-372. [PMID: 30247494 DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the expression of proteins and profiles of metabolites in L02 cells were investigated after exposure to CLs based on the iTRAQ and UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and proteomics data were coupled with metabolomics data to comprehensively assess the potential toxicity mechanisms of CLs.
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