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Lolk K, Werenberg Dreier J, Christensen J. Individual and neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and risk of epilepsy after traumatic brain Injury: A register-based cohort study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 156:109807. [PMID: 38678986 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Lolk
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Julie Werenberg Dreier
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Christensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Oyegbile-Chidi T, Harvey D, Dunn D, Jones J, Byars A, Fastenau P, Austin J, Hermann B. The Impact of Sociodemographic Disadvantage on Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Newly Diagnosed Seizures and Their Unaffected Siblings Over 36 Months. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 148:178-188. [PMID: 37742443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that children with newly diagnosed epilepsy have comorbidities including cognitive challenges. Research investigating comorbidities has focused on clinical epilepsy characteristics and neurobiological/genetic correlates. The role that sociodemographic disadvantage (SD) may play has received less attention. We investigated the role of SD in cognitive status in youth with newly diagnosed epilepsy over a follow-up of 36 months to determine the degree, extent, and duration of the role of disadvantage. METHODS A total of 289 children (six to 16 years) within six weeks of their first seizure along with 167 siblings underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments (intelligence, language, memory, executive function, processing speed, and academic achievement) at baseline, 18 months later, and at 36 months from baseline. Baseline demographic information (race, caregivers education, household income, and parental marital status), clinical epilepsy characteristics (e.g., age of onset), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG) information was collected. RESULTS An SD index was computed for each family and categorized into four groups by level of disadvantage. In children and siblings, the least disadvantaged group exhibited the highest Full-Scale IQ, neuropsychological factor scores, and academic performances, whereas the most disadvantaged showed the polar opposite with the worst performances across all tests. Findings remained stable and significant over 36 months. Linear regression analyses indicated that disadvantage was a more constant and stable predictor of cognitive and academic performance over time compared with clinical epilepsy characteristics and MRI/EEG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the strong association between SD and cognitive/academic performance in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy and their siblings is significant and predictive of three-year cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - David Dunn
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jana Jones
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anna Byars
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital at the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Philip Fastenau
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joan Austin
- Distinguished Professor Emerita, School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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3
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Oyegbile-Chidi T, Harvey D, Jones J, Byars A, Austin J, Hermann B, Dunn D. Impact of sociodemographic disadvantage on neurobehavioral outcomes in children with newly diagnosed seizures and their unaffected siblings over 36 months. Epilepsia 2023; 64:2172-2185. [PMID: 37264778 PMCID: PMC10526637 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the short-term and longer term impact of sociodemographic disadvantage on the emotional-behavioral status of youths with new onset epilepsy and their unaffected siblings at the time of diagnosis and the subsequent 3 years. METHODS Three hundred twelve youths with newly diagnosed epilepsies and 223 unaffected siblings, aged 6-16 years, were independently assessed regarding their emotional and behavioral status by their parents and teachers at baseline, and at 18 at 36 months later; youths with seizures also completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and hostility at those three time points. A sociodemographic disadvantage score was computed for each family (children with newly diagnosed seizures and their siblings), and families were separated into four categories from most disadvantaged to least disadvantaged. RESULTS In both children and siblings, the least disadvantaged group exhibited the lowest level of neurobehavioral problems, whereas the most disadvantaged group showed a higher level of neurobehavioral problems across all the same behavior metrics. Findings remained stable and significant across all informants (parent, teacher, child) and across all time periods (throughout the 3-year period). Furthermore, both corrected and uncorrected linear regression analyses indicated that disadvantage was a more constant and stable predictor of behavioral and emotional problems over time compared to clinical seizure characteristics and abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalographic testing. SIGNIFICANCE Sociodemographic disadvantage bears a strong relationship to youths with emotional and behavioral problems both at the time of diagnosis as well as prospectively. The relationship is robust and reflected in reports from multiple informants (parent, teacher, child self-report), evident in siblings as well, and possibly more explanatory than traditional clinical seizure variables. Future studies will be needed to determine whether this disadvantage factor is modifiable with early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jana Jones
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna Byars
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joan Austin
- Department of Environments for Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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4
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Moitra S, Adan A, Akgün M, Anderson A, Brickstock A, Eathorne A, Farshchi Tabrizi A, Haldar P, Henderson L, Jindal A, Jindal SK, Kerget B, Khadour F, Melenka L, Moitra S, Moitra T, Mukherjee R, Semprini A, Turner AM, Murgia N, Ferrara G, Lacy P. Less Social Deprivation Is Associated With Better Health-Related Quality of Life in Asthma and Is Mediated by Less Anxiety and Better Sleep Quality. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2115-2124.e7. [PMID: 37087095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in asthma have mainly focused on clinical and environmental determinants. Little is known about the role of social determinants on HRQoL in asthma. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between social deprivation and HRQoL in asthma. METHODS A total of 691 adult asthmatics from Canada, India, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom were administered a digital questionnaire containing demographic information and questions about social and psychological attributes, sleep disturbances, and alcohol abuse. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (SF-CRQ). We analyzed the direct and indirect relationships between social deprivation and HRQoL using structural equation models with social deprivation as a latent variable. We tested for mediation via anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and alcohol abuse. RESULTS We found that less social deprivation (latent variable) was directly associated with better SF-CRQ domain scores such as dyspnea (regression coefficient β: 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07 to 0.58), fatigue (β: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.64), and emotional function (β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.62), but with the worse mastery score (β: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.03); however, those associations varied across participating countries. We also observed that among all individual social deprivation indicators, education, companionship, emotional support, instrumental support, and social isolation were directly associated with HRQoL, and the relationship between social deprivation and HRQoL was mediated through anxiety and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that less social deprivation was directly, and indirectly through less anxiety and better sleep quality, associated with better HRQoL in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Moitra
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Metin Akgün
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, School of Medicine, Ağrı, Turkey
| | | | - Amanda Brickstock
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Allie Eathorne
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ali Farshchi Tabrizi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Prasun Haldar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Supreme Institute of Management and Technology, Mankundu, West Bengal, India; Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Linda Henderson
- Synergy Respiratory and Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Bugra Kerget
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fadi Khadour
- Synergy Respiratory and Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB, Canada
| | - Lyle Melenka
- Synergy Respiratory and Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB, Canada
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanusree Moitra
- Department of Psychology, Barrackpore Rashtraguru Surendrananth College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Mukherjee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Semprini
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alice M Turner
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Murgia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Fan HC, Chiang KL, Chang KH, Chen CM, Tsai JD. Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065270. [PMID: 36982345 PMCID: PMC10049646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liang Chiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (J.-D.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840319-701 (C.-M.C.); +886-4-24730022-21731 (J.-D.T.)
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (J.-D.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840319-701 (C.-M.C.); +886-4-24730022-21731 (J.-D.T.)
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Löscher W, Stafstrom CE. Epilepsy and its neurobehavioral comorbidities: Insights gained from animal models. Epilepsia 2023; 64:54-91. [PMID: 36197310 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that epilepsy is associated with numerous neurobehavioral comorbidities, with a bidirectional relationship; people with epilepsy have an increased incidence of depression, anxiety, learning and memory difficulties, and numerous other psychosocial challenges, and the occurrence of epilepsy is higher in individuals with those comorbidities. Although the cause-and-effect relationship is uncertain, a fuller understanding of the mechanisms of comorbidities within the epilepsies could lead to improved therapeutics. Here, we review recent data on epilepsy and its neurobehavioral comorbidities, discussing mainly rodent models, which have been studied most extensively, and emphasize that clinically relevant information can be gained from preclinical models. Furthermore, we explore the numerous potential factors that may confound the interpretation of emerging data from animal models, such as the specific seizure induction method (e.g., chemical, electrical, traumatic, genetic), the role of species and strain, environmental factors (e.g., laboratory environment, handling, epigenetics), and the behavioral assays that are chosen to evaluate the various aspects of neural behavior and cognition. Overall, the interplay between epilepsy and its neurobehavioral comorbidities is undoubtedly multifactorial, involving brain structural changes, network-level differences, molecular signaling abnormalities, and other factors. Animal models are well poised to help dissect the shared pathophysiological mechanisms, neurological sequelae, and biomarkers of epilepsy and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carl E Stafstrom
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Ellis B, Chilcott E, John K, Parry J, Capeling L, Lawthom C, Harding K, Anderson J. Exploring seizure management in hospitals, unmet need, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seizure presentations to hospital. Seizure 2022; 102:51-53. [PMID: 36191475 PMCID: PMC9492391 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study assesses investigations, referrals and admissions in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with seizures, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on such management. Outcomes in patients with learning disabilities, active significant mental health concerns, and from the most socioeconomically deprived areas were compared to those of the general cohort. Methods Investigations, referrals and admissions were recorded for 120 patients across two cohorts; pre-pandemic (September 2019) and during the pandemic (December 2020). Retrospective review of individual patient electronic health care records was used for data collection. Results There was a decrease in patient numbers from 2019 to 2020. A greater proportion of patients presented with organic cause seizures and fewer presented with non-epileptic attacks. Frequent use of CT heads (45%) is likely to represent improper use of limited resources. There were low referral rates, both to acute neurology (28%) and to the adult epilepsy team (32%). Patients with active significant mental health concerns were significantly less likely to be referred to neurology or admitted. Conclusions Despite a greater proportion of admissions during the Covid-19 pandemic, referrals to acute neurology and the epilepsy team remained low. Failure to refer prevents the most vulnerable seizure patients from receiving appropriate support, as seen in patients with active significant mental health concerns. Neurology staff were unaware of a significant number of patients presenting with seizures, which is of concern in an already over-stretched department. This offers an opportunity to improve care for people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Ellis
- Cardiff University Department of Medicine: Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University Heath Park Campus, Cardiff CF14 4YS, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- Cardiff University Department of Medicine: Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University Heath Park Campus, Cardiff CF14 4YS, United Kingdom
| | - Keri John
- Neurology Department, Royal Gwent Hosital, Newport NP20 2UB, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Parry
- Neurology Department, Royal Gwent Hosital, Newport NP20 2UB, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Capeling
- Neurology Department, Royal Gwent Hosital, Newport NP20 2UB, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Lawthom
- Neurology Department, Royal Gwent Hosital, Newport NP20 2UB, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Harding
- Neurology Department, Royal Gwent Hosital, Newport NP20 2UB, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Anderson
- Neurology Department, Royal Gwent Hosital, Newport NP20 2UB, United Kingdom.
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Maloney EM, Corcoran P, Costello DJ, O'Reilly ÉJ. Association between social deprivation and incidence of first seizures and epilepsy: a prospective population based cohort. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2108-2119. [PMID: 35611982 PMCID: PMC9544186 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies have investigated whether social deprivation is associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy and results are conflicting, especially in children. The mechanisms underlying a potential association are unclear. This study examines whether there is an association between social deprivation and the incidence of first seizures (unprovoked and provoked) and new diagnosis of epilepsy by comparing incidence across an area-level measure of deprivation in a population-based cohort. METHODS Multiple methods of case identification followed by individual case validation and classification were carried out in a defined geographical area (population 542,868) to identify all incident cases of first provoked and first unprovoked seizures and new diagnosis of epilepsy presenting during the calendar year 2017. An area-level relative deprivation index, based on ten indicators from census data, was assigned to each patient according to registered address and categorised into quintiles from most to least deprived. RESULTS The annual incidence of first unprovoked seizures (n=372), first provoked seizures (n=189) and new diagnosis of epilepsy (n=336) was highest in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas (incidence ratios of 1·79 (95%CI 1·26, 2·52), 1·55 (95%CI 1·04, 2·32) and 1·83 (95%CI 1·28, 2·62), respectively). This finding was evident in both adults and children and in those with structural and unknown aetiologies of epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of first seizures and new diagnosis of epilepsy is associated with more social deprivation. The reason for this higher incidence is likely multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimer M Maloney
- Epilepsy Service, Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.,School of Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Corcoran
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Costello
- Epilepsy Service, Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.,FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases hosted in RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Éilis J O'Reilly
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, USA.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
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9
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Benini R, Asir N, Yasin A, Mohamedzain AM, Hadid F, Vasudeva DM, Saeed A, Zamel K, Kayyali H, Elestwani S. Landscape of Childhood Epilepsies – A Multi-Ethnic Population-based Study. Epilepsy Res 2022; 183:106936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Neshige S, Aoki S, Takebayashi Y, Shishido T, Yamazaki Y, Iida K, Maruyama H. A longitudinal seizure outcome following the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021: Transient exacerbation or sustainable mitigation. J Neurol Sci 2021; 434:120100. [PMID: 34952346 PMCID: PMC8689575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study the longitudinal seizure outcomes of people with epilepsy (PWE) following the acute and chronic phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Consecutive PWE who were treated at the epilepsy center of Hiroshima University Hospital between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled. We evaluated the incidence of seizure frequency increase or decrease following the pandemic during observational periods in 2020 and 2021. Data between 2018 and 2019 were used as a control set. The sustainability of the altered seizure frequency condition was evaluated throughout the study period. We analyzed the clinical, psychological, and social factors associated with PWE with seizure exacerbation or amelioration. Results Among the 223 PWE who were evaluated (mean age 37.8 ± 16.3 years), seizure frequency increased for 40 (16.8%) and decreased for 34 (15.2%) after the pandemic began. While seizure exacerbation tended to be a transient episode during 2020, seizure amelioration was likely to maintain excellent status over the observation periods; the sustainability of the altered seizure frequency condition was more prominent for amelioration than exacerbation (p < 0.001). Seizure exacerbation was significantly associated with “no housemate” (odds ratio [OR] 3.37; p = 0.045) and “comorbidity of insomnia” (OR 5.80; p = 0.004). Conversely, “structural abnormality of MRI” (OR 2.57; p = 0.039) and “two-generation householding” (OR 3.70; p = 0.004) were independently associated with seizure amelioration. Conclusion This longitudinal observation confirmed that seizure exacerbation and amelioration emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the stark difference that social support systems can make on outcomes for PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan.
| | - Shiro Aoki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takebayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Takeo Shishido
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Iida
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
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Symonds JD, Elliott KS, Shetty J, Armstrong M, Brunklaus A, Cutcutache I, Diver LA, Dorris L, Gardiner S, Jollands A, Joss S, Kirkpatrick M, McLellan A, MacLeod S, O'Regan M, Page M, Pilley E, Pilz DT, Stephen E, Stewart K, Ashrafian H, Knight JC, Zuberi SM. Early childhood epilepsies: epidemiology, classification, aetiology, and socio-economic determinants. Brain 2021; 144:2879-2891. [PMID: 34687210 PMCID: PMC8557326 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies of early childhood are frequently resistant to therapy and often associated with cognitive and behavioural comorbidity. Aetiology focused precision medicine, notably gene-based therapies, may prevent seizures and comorbidities. Epidemiological data utilizing modern diagnostic techniques including whole genome sequencing and neuroimaging can inform diagnostic strategies and therapeutic trials. We present a 3-year, multicentre prospective cohort study, involving all children under 3 years of age in Scotland presenting with epilepsies. We used two independent sources for case identification: clinical reporting and EEG record review. Capture-recapture methodology was then used to improve the accuracy of incidence estimates. Socio-demographic and clinical details were obtained at presentation, and 24 months later. Children were extensively investigated for aetiology. Whole genome sequencing was offered for all patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for whom no aetiology could yet be identified. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was used to determine associations between clinical features, aetiology, and outcome. Three hundred and ninety children were recruited over 3 years. The adjusted incidence of epilepsies presenting in the first 3 years of life was 239 per 100 000 live births [95% confidence interval (CI) 216-263]. There was a socio-economic gradient to incidence, with a significantly higher incidence in the most deprived quintile (301 per 100 000 live births, 95% CI 251-357) compared with the least deprived quintile (182 per 100 000 live births, 95% CI 139-233), χ2 odds ratio = 1.7 (95% CI 1.3-2.2). The relationship between deprivation and incidence was only observed in the group without identified aetiology, suggesting that populations living in higher deprivation areas have greater multifactorial risk for epilepsy. Aetiology was determined in 54% of children, and epilepsy syndrome was classified in 54%. Thirty-one per cent had an identified genetic cause for their epilepsy. We present novel data on the aetiological spectrum of the most commonly presenting epilepsies of early childhood. Twenty-four months after presentation, 36% of children had drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), and 49% had global developmental delay (GDD). Identification of an aetiology was the strongest determinant of both DRE and GDD. Aetiology was determined in 82% of those with DRE, and 75% of those with GDD. In young children with epilepsy, genetic testing should be prioritized as it has the highest yield of any investigation and is most likely to inform precision therapy and prognosis. Epilepsies in early childhood are 30% more common than previously reported. Epilepsies of undetermined aetiology present more frequently in deprived communities. This likely reflects increased multifactorial risk within these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Symonds
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Katherine S Elliott
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jay Shetty
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK
| | | | - Andreas Brunklaus
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Louise A Diver
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Liam Dorris
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sarah Gardiner
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Alice Jollands
- Paediatric Neurology, Tayside Children's Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Martin Kirkpatrick
- Paediatric Neurology, Tayside Children's Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ailsa McLellan
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Stewart MacLeod
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Mary O'Regan
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,Paediatric Neurology, Crumlin Children's Hospital, Cooley Rd, Crumlin, Dublin D12 N512, Ireland
| | | | - Elizabeth Pilley
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK.,Paediatric Neurology, Tayside Children's Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Daniela T Pilz
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Elma Stephen
- Paediatric Neurology, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen AB25 2ZG, UK
| | - Kirsty Stewart
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Watila MM, Balarabe SA, Komolafe MA, Igwe SC, Fawale MB, Otte WM, van Diessen E, Okunoye O, Mshelia AA, Abdullahi I, Musa J, Hedima EW, Nyandaiti YW, Singh G, Winkler AS, Sander JW. Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Nigeria: A Community-Based Study From 3 Sites. Neurology 2021; 97:e728-e738. [PMID: 34253632 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for epilepsy in Nigeria. METHODS We conducted a door-to-door survey to identify cases of epilepsy in 3 regions. We estimated age-standardized prevalence adjusted for nonresponse and sensitivity and the 1-year retrospective incidence for active epilepsy. To assess potential risk factors, we conducted a case-control study by collecting sociodemographic and risk factor data. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression analysis and corresponding population attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS We screened 42,427 persons (age ≥6 years), of whom 254 had confirmed active epilepsy. The pooled prevalence of active epilepsy per 1,000 was 9.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6-11.1), 17.7 (14.2-20.6) in Gwandu, 4.8 (3.4-6.6) in Afikpo, and 3.3 (2.0-5.1) in Ijebu-Jesa. The pooled incidence per 100,000 was 101.3 (95% CI 57.9-167.6), 201.2 (105.0-358.9) in Gwandu, 27.6 (3.3-128.0) in Afikpo, and 23.9 (3.2-157.0) in Ijebu-Jesa. Children's significant risk factors included febrile seizures, meningitis, poor perinatal care, open defecation, measles, and family history in first-degree relatives. In adults, head injury, poor perinatal care, febrile seizures, family history in second-degree relatives, and consanguinity were significant. Gwandu had more significant risk factors. The PAF for the important factors in children was 74.0% (71.0%-76.0%) and in adults was 79.0% (75.0%-81.0%). CONCLUSION This work suggests varied epidemiologic numbers, which may be explained by differences in risk factors and population structure in the different regions. These variations should differentially determine and drive prevention and health care responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa M Watila
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Salisu A Balarabe
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Morenikeji A Komolafe
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Stanley C Igwe
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Michael B Fawale
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M Otte
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Eric van Diessen
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Olaitan Okunoye
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Anthony A Mshelia
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Abdullahi
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph Musa
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Erick W Hedima
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Yakub W Nyandaiti
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Josemir W Sander
- From the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.W., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (M.M.W., J.W.S.), Chalfont St. Peter, UK; Neurology Unit (M.M.W., J.M., Y.W.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. PMB 1414, Borno State; Neurology Unit (S.A.B.), Department of Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State; Department of Medicine (M.A.K., M.B.F.), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Department of Psychiatry (S.C.I.), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (W.M.O.), Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (W.M.O., E.v.D.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (O.O.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Mental Health (A.A.M.), Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State; Federal Medical Center (I.A.) Azare, Bauchi State; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice (E.W.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University; Department of Neurology (G.S.) and Research and Development Unit (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Centre for Global Health (A.W.S.), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health (A.W.S.), Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Germany; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (J.W.S.), Achterweg 5, SW Heemstede, the Netherlands.
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13
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Neshige S, Aoki S, Shishido T, Morino H, Iida K, Maruyama H. Socio-economic impact on epilepsy outside of the nation-wide COVID-19 pandemic area. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 117:107886. [PMID: 33714184 PMCID: PMC9760559 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify people with epilepsy (PWE) who required extensive care before the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that had world-wide impacts on medical care and on socio-economic conditions. METHODS Consecutive PWE who were treated at the epilepsy center of Hiroshima University Hospital, which was located in the COVID-19 non-pandemic area, between March 2019 and August 2020 were enrolled. We evaluated clinical and socioeconomic factors that were associated with seizure exacerbation (an increase in seizure frequency) during the first 6 months after the COVID-19 pandemic started compared with the previous 6 months. RESULTS Among the 196 PWE who were evaluated (mean age was 37.8 ± 16.2 years), there were 33 PWE (16.8%) whose seizure frequency had increased after the pandemic began. People with epilepsy with a seizure increase showed a significant association with living alone (p < 0.001), a higher seizure frequency (p < 0.001), negative findings on MRI (p = 0.020), history of dissociative seizure (p < 0.001), mood disorders (p < 0.001), insomnia (p < 0.001), and high psychological stress levels (p = 0.024) at baseline compared with PWE without seizure exacerbation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that "living alone" (odds ratio (OR) 3.69; 95%CI 1.29-10.52), "high seizure frequency at baseline" (OR 4.53; 95%CI 1.63-12.57), and "comorbidity of insomnia" (OR 9.55; 95%CI 3.71-24.55) were independently associated with seizure exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Even in the non-pandemic area, PWE had seizure exacerbation, suggesting that clinicians should screen patients' mental health before the outbreak to provide care, reduce the burden, and prevent social isolation in PWE. This should be addressed particularly in patients with medically refractory seizures with insomnia who live alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan.
| | - Shiro Aoki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Takeo Shishido
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Iida
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan,Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
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14
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Noble A, Nevitt S, Holmes E, Ridsdale L, Morgan M, Tudur-Smith C, Hughes D, Goodacre S, Marson T, Snape D. Seizure first aid training for people with epilepsy attending emergency departments and their significant others: the SAFE intervention and feasibility RCT. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr08390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
No seizure first aid training intervention exists for people with epilepsy who regularly attend emergency departments and their significant others, despite such an intervention’s potential to reduce clinically unnecessary and costly visits.
Objectives
The objectives were to (1) develop Seizure first Aid training For Epilepsy (SAFE) by adapting a broader intervention and (2) determine the feasibility and optimal design of a definitive randomised controlled trial to test SAFE’s efficacy.
Design
The study involved (1) the development of an intervention informed by a co-design approach with qualitative feedback and (2) a pilot randomised controlled trial with follow-ups at 3, 6 and 12 months and assessments of treatment fidelity and the cost of SAFE’s delivery.
Setting
The setting was (1) third-sector patient support groups and professional health-care organisations and (2) three NHS emergency departments in England.
Participants
Participants were (1) people with epilepsy who had visited emergency departments in the prior 2 years, their significant others and emergency department, paramedic, general practice, commissioning, neurology and nursing representatives and (2) people with epilepsy aged ≥ 16 years who had been diagnosed for ≥ 1 year and who had made two or more emergency department visits in the prior 12 months, and one of their significant others. Emergency departments identified ostensibly eligible people with epilepsy from attendance records and patients confirmed their eligibility.
Interventions
Participants in the pilot randomised controlled trial were randomly allocated 1 : 1 to SAFE plus treatment as usual or to treatment as usual only.
Main outcome measures
Consent rate and availability of routine data on emergency department use at 12 months were the main outcome measures. Other measures of interest included eligibility rate, ease with which people with epilepsy could be identified and routine data secured, availability of self-reported emergency department data, self-reported emergency department data’s comparability with routine data, SAFE’s effect on emergency department use, and emergency department use in the treatment as usual arm, which could be used in sample size calculations.
Results
(1) Nine health-care professionals and 23 service users provided feedback that generated an intervention considered to be NHS feasible and well positioned to achieve its purpose. (2) The consent rate was 12.5%, with 53 people with epilepsy and 38 significant others recruited. The eligibility rate was 10.6%. Identifying people with epilepsy from attendance records was resource intensive for emergency department staff. Those recruited felt more stigmatised because of epilepsy than the wider epilepsy population. Routine data on emergency department use at 12 months were secured for 94.1% of people with epilepsy, but the application process took 8.5 months. Self-reported emergency department data were available for 66.7% of people with epilepsy, and people with epilepsy self-reported more emergency department visits than were captured in routine data. Most participants (76.9%) randomised to SAFE received the intervention. The intervention was delivered with high fidelity. No related serious adverse events occurred. Emergency department use at 12 months was lower in the SAFE plus treatment as usual arm than in the treatment as usual only arm, but not significantly so. Calculations indicated that a definitive trial would need ≈ 674 people with epilepsy and ≈ 39 emergency department sites.
Limitations
Contrary to patient statements on recruitment, routine data secured at the pilot trial’s end indicated that ≈ 40% may not have satisfied the inclusion criterion of two or more emergency department visits.
Conclusions
An intervention was successfully developed, a pilot randomised controlled trial conducted and outcome data secured for most participants. The consent rate did not satisfy a predetermined ‘stop/go’ level of ≥ 20%. The time that emergency department staff needed to identify eligible people with epilepsy is unlikely to be replicable. A definitive trial is currently not feasible.
Future work
Research to more easily identify and recruit people from the target population is required.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13871327.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 39. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Noble
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah Nevitt
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Holmes
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Leone Ridsdale
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Myfanwy Morgan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dyfrig Hughes
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Steve Goodacre
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tony Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Darlene Snape
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Tian N, Croft JB, Kobau R, Zack MM, Greenlund KJ. CDC-supported epilepsy surveillance and epidemiologic studies: A review of progress since 1994. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 109:107123. [PMID: 32451250 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To report progress, to identify gaps, and to plan epilepsy surveillance and research activities more effectively, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epilepsy Program has summarized findings from selected CDC-supported surveillance and epidemiologic studies about epilepsy from 1994 through 2019. We identified publications supported by CDC funding and publications conducted by the CDC Epilepsy Program alone or with partners. We included only epilepsy surveillance and epidemiologic studies focusing on epilepsy burden, epilepsy-related outcomes, and healthcare utilization. We describe the findings of these studies in the following order: 1)prevalence; 2)incidence; 3)epilepsy-related outcomes by selected demographic characteristics; 4)cysticercosis or neurocysticercosis (NCC); 5)traumatic brain injury (TBI); 6)comorbidity; 7)mortality; 8)access to care; 9)quality of care; and 10) cost. We have characterized these findings in relation to the scope of the first three domains of the 2012 Institute of Medicine report on epilepsy and its relevant first four recommendations. From 1994 through 2019, 76 publications on epilepsy-related epidemiologic and surveillance studies were identified. Over the past 25 years, CDC has expanded community, state, and national surveillance on epilepsy and supported epidemiologic studies by using multiple assessment methods and validated case-ascertainment criteria to identify epilepsy burden, epilepsy-related outcomes, and healthcare utilization in the general population or in population subgroups. Among identified research opportunities, studies on epilepsy incidence and risk factors, mortality, and cost are considered as important surveillance gaps. Other remaining gaps and suggested surveillance strategies are also proposed. Findings from this review may help epilepsy researchers and other stakeholders reference and prioritize future activities for epidemiologic and surveillance studies in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Tian
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop S107-6, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Janet B Croft
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop S107-6, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Rosemarie Kobau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop S107-6, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Matthew M Zack
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop S107-6, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kurt J Greenlund
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop S107-6, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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16
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic will impact on how care for chronic conditions is delivered. We use epilepsy to exemplify how care for patients will be affected, and suggest ways in which healthcare systems can respond to deliver the most effective care. Where face-to-face outpatient appointments have been cancelled, telemedicine can facilitate remote clinical consultations for new and follow-up epilepsy clinic patients while reducing the risk of infection to both patients and healthcare staff. First-seizure patients will need investigation pathways rationalised, while those with chronic epilepsy will need to have reliable alternative avenues to access clinical advice. At the same time, neurologists should support emergency departments and acute medical units, advising on appropriate management of seizures and other acute neurological presentations. Ultimately, the revolution in our clinical practice is unlikely to cease after this pandemic, with reconfiguration of services likely to bring improvements in efficiency and convenience, and a reduced environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guleed H Adan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, UK and The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - James W Mitchell
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, UK and The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tony Marson
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, UK and The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Morrish P, Duncan S, Cock H. Epilepsy deaths: Learning from health service delivery and trying to reduce risk. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106473. [PMID: 31668578 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two recent UK reports have highlighted data of concern in relation to potentially preventable epilepsy deaths. Public Health England, an executive agency of the Government Department of Health, using National Health Service data from 2001 to 2014 reported a rise in direct age-standardised mortality for epilepsy-associated deaths, in contrast to a reduction in all-cause deaths over the same period. Premature death was seen in people aged below 50 years, especially in men, and where epilepsy was a contributory cause rather than an association. The Scottish Epilepsy Deaths Study, analysing deaths between 2009 and 2016, similarly found death in those with epilepsy was significantly higher than the matched population below the age of 54, especially between the ages of 16 and 24 (6 times higher). Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy accounted for 38% of epilepsy-related deaths under the age of 45. Both studies found a strong relationship between risk of death and deprivation; we discuss the implications of these and other data for planning service delivery and improving epilepsy care. This paper is for the Special Issue: Prevent 21: SUDEP Summit - Time to Listen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Duncan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK
| | - Hannah Cock
- St George's, University of London SW17 0RE, UK; Atkinson Morley Regional Epilepsy Network, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK.
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18
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SUDEP and mortality in epilepsy: The role of routinely collected healthcare data, registries, and health inequalities. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106453. [PMID: 31427266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Routinely collected data are a powerful research resource and offer the opportunity to further our understanding of epilepsy mortality and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). The advantages of using routinely collected data include that it often covers whole populations, is already collected, and can be easily linked to other data sources. A significant disadvantage is the difficulty in obtaining accurate causes of death and correctly identifying cases of SUDEP. Using and linking data from epilepsy death registries can improve the quality of mortality data for research. Epilepsy prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates are associated with socioeconomic deprivation. Further research into understanding the link between deprivation and epilepsy mortality could lead to ways to reduce epilepsy mortality. This paper is for the Special Issue :Prevent 21: SUDEP Summit - Time to Listen.
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19
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Löscher W. Consequences of housing conditions and interindividual diversity in rodent models of acquired epilepsy. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2016-2019. [PMID: 31584191 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Sadr SS, Javanbakht J, Javidan AN, Ghaffarpour M, Khamse S, Naghshband Z. Descriptive epidemiology: prevalence, incidence, sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic domains, and quality of life of epilepsy: an update and systematic review. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:717-724. [PMID: 30002687 PMCID: PMC6040113 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of quality of life (QOL), sociodemographic factors (age, sex, etc.), residential areas, general attitudes toward epilepsy, socioeconomic domains, prevalence and incidence in epileptic patients from Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted, including database searches in PubMed, Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ISC, Health, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library Database of relevant articles, personal files and systematic reviews to identify studies examining risk factors in epilepsy. RESULTS This review article shows that certain socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, geographic variation in epidemiologic patterns of epilepsy as well as clinical factors may be crucial in determining QOL in epilepsy patients and provides further evidence supporting the validity of the scale in QOL based on consideration of different target groups in different areas. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of epilepsy appears to be correlated with socioeconomic status in the lower socioeconomic groups. Also demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors and clinical presentation are linked to different QOL of these patients among nations. The educational program has a beneficial effect on self-management behaviors in patients with epilepsy. More work needs to be done to improve tools that help to evaluate efficiently the health-related quality of life of people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javanbakht
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzi Javidan
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ghaffarpour
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neurology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Khamse
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Naghshband
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Facial emotion perception in patients with epilepsy: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:212-225. [PMID: 29045812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion perception is a fundamental social competency relying on a specialised, yet distributed, neural network. This review aimed to determine whether patients with epilepsy have facial emotion perception accuracy impairments overall, or for a subset of emotions (anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, fear, and surprise), and the relationship to epilepsy type, demographic/treatment variables, and brain organisation. Database searches used PRISMA guidelines with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirty included studies assessed patients with temporal lobe (TLE; n=709), frontocentral (FCE; n=22), and genetic generalised (GGE; n=48) epilepsy. Large deficits emerged in patients with epilepsy compared to controls (n=746; Hedges' g=0.908-1.076). Patients with TLE were significantly impaired on all emotions except surprise; patients with GGE were significantly impaired in anger, disgust, and fear perception. Meta-regression of patients with TLE revealed younger age at testing was associated with lower accuracy. This review provides evidence for marked global deficits of emotion perception in epilepsy, with differential emotion-specific impairment patterns in patients with TLE and GGE.
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22
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Wilson DA, Malek AM, Wagner JL, Wannamaker BB, Selassie AW. Mortality in people with epilepsy: A statewide retrospective cohort study. Epilepsy Res 2016; 122:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Persons with Epilepsy: Between Social Inclusion and Marginalisation. Behav Neurol 2016; 2016:2018509. [PMID: 27212802 PMCID: PMC4861793 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2018509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that can lead to complex psychosocial consequences. Epilepsy can change the social status of persons with epilepsy (PWE) and has an effect on their social inclusion as well as their perception of social inclusion. This study aims to explore subjective experiences with social inclusion of PWE in Slovenia. Methods. This study takes a qualitative approach. Eleven semistructured interviews were conducted with eleven participants. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results. Epilepsy has physical, emotional, and social consequences. Physical consequences of epilepsy are mainly tiredness and exhaustion following an epileptic episode, frequently accompanied by headaches. Emotional consequences are different forms of fear. The main social consequence identified is a negative effect on PWE's social network, which leads to (self-)isolation and social distrust. Conclusion. PWE experience of social inclusion depends on various psychosocial factors and differs from person to person. The consequences of epilepsy are shown in PWE social contacts and their sense of social inclusion and autonomy.
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Beghi E. Addressing the burden of epilepsy: Many unmet needs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:79-84. [PMID: 26952026 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, their causes and complications. The incidence, prevalence and mortality of epilepsy vary with age, place and time contributing to a variable extent to the burden of the disease. Diagnostic misclassification may have strong impact on personal and societal reflections of the disease in light of its clinical manifestations and the need for chronic treatment. Epilepsy accounts for a significant proportion of the world's disease burden ranking fourth after tension-type headache, migraine and Alzheimer disease. Among neurological diseases, it accounts for the highest disability-adjusted life year rates both in men and in women. Although epilepsy is self-remitting in up to 50% of cases, variable long-term prognostic patterns can be identified based on the response to the available treatments. Epilepsy carries an overall increased risk of premature mortality with variable estimates across countries. Premature mortality predominates in patients aged less than 50 years, with epilepsies due to structural/metabolic conditions, with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures not remitting under treatment. Among deaths directly attributable to epilepsy or seizures, included are sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), status epilepticus, accidents, drowning, unintentional injuries, and suicide. Somatic and psychiatric disorders prevail in patients with epilepsy than in people without epilepsy. Asthma, migraine and cerebral tumors tend to occur more frequently in younger adults while cardiovascular disorders, stroke, dementia and meningioma predominate in the elderly. As being a fairly common clinical condition affecting all ages and requiring long-term (sometimes lifelong) treatment, epilepsy carries high health care costs for the society. Direct costs peak in the first year after diagnosis and then vary according to the severity of the disease, the response to treatment, and the presence of comorbidity. Although in several countries the costs of epilepsy are met by the national health systems, out-of-pocket costs may be a relevant fraction of the overall costs, especially in countries where the public management of health care is suboptimal or non-existent. Epilepsy strongly affects patients' independence, psychological health and emotional adjustment. Epilepsy impairs all aspects of health-related quality of life. Awareness and attitudes of the public about epilepsy may significantly affect the burden of the disease. All these factors add to the burden of the disease. However, many of the factors implicated in the onset of epilepsy, its course and treatment can be favorably addressed with appropriate strategic plans. More research is needed to investigate and manage the medical and psychosocial implications of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Beghi
- Laboratory of Neurological Disorders, IRCCSIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Puka K, Smith ML, Moineddin R, Snead OC, Widjaja E. The influence of socioeconomic status on health resource utilization in pediatric epilepsy in a universal health insurance system. Epilepsia 2016; 57:455-63. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klajdi Puka
- Department of Psychology; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - O. Carter Snead
- Division of Neurology; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Elysa Widjaja
- Division of Neurology; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
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26
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Hawley SR, Ablah E, Hesdorffer D, Pellock JM, Lindeman DP, Paschal AM, Thurman DJ, Liu Y, Warren MB, Schmitz T, Rogers A, St Romain T, Hauser WA. Prevalence of pediatric epilepsy in low-income rural Midwestern counties. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 53:190-6. [PMID: 26588587 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders, but significant gaps exist in our knowledge about childhood epilepsy in rural populations. The present study assessed the prevalence of pediatric epilepsy in nine low-income rural counties in the Midwestern United States overall and by gender, age, etiology, seizure type, and syndrome. Multiple sources of case identification were used, including medical records, schools, community agencies, and family interviews. The prevalence of active epilepsy was 5.0/1000. Prevalence was 5.1/1000 in males and 5.0/1000 in females. Differences by age group and gender were not statistically significant. Future research should focus on methods of increasing study participation in rural communities, particularly those in which research studies are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R Hawley
- Wichita State University, Department of Public Health Sciences, 1845 Fairmount Box 43, Wichita, KS 67260-0043, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ablah
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 1010 N. Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Dale Hesdorffer
- Columbia University, 680 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John M Pellock
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Neurology, P.O. Box 980599, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - David P Lindeman
- University of Kansas Life Span Institute at Parsons, 2601 Gabriel, Parsons, KS 67357, USA
| | - Angelia M Paschal
- The University of Alabama, Department of Health Science, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0311, USA
| | - David J Thurman
- Emory University, School of Medicine 201 Dowman Dr. Mailstop 1930-001-1AN, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Columbia University, 680 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mary Beth Warren
- University of Kansas Area Health Education Center, 1501 S. Joplin, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Terri Schmitz
- University of Kansas Area Health Education Center, 1501 S. Joplin, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Austin Rogers
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 1010 N. Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | | | - W Allen Hauser
- Columbia University, 680 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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27
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Generic versus branded antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy. Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Spencer NJ, Blackburn CM, Read JM. Disabling chronic conditions in childhood and socioeconomic disadvantage: a systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007062. [PMID: 26338834 PMCID: PMC4563224 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of socioeconomic disadvantage with the prevalence of childhood disabling chronic conditions in high-income countries. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES 6 electronic databases, relevant websites, reference lists and experts in the field. STUDY SELECTION 160 observational studies conducted in high-income countries with data on socioeconomic status and disabling chronic conditions in childhood, published between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2013. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Abstracts were reviewed, full papers obtained, and papers identified for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Inclusion decisions were checked by a third reviewer. Where reported, ORs were extracted for low versus high socioeconomic status. For studies reporting raw data but not ORs, ORs were calculated. Narrative analysis was undertaken for studies without data suitable for meta-analysis. RESULTS 126 studies had data suitable for meta-analysis. ORs for risk estimates were: all-cause disabling chronic conditions 1.72 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.01); psychological disorders 1.88 (95% CI 1.68 to 2.10); intellectual disability 2.41 (95% CI 2.03 to 2.86); activity-limiting asthma 2.20 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.85); cerebral palsy 1.42 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.61); congenital abnormalities 1.41 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.61); epilepsy 1.38 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.59); sensory impairment 1.70 (95% CI 1.39 to 2.07). Heterogeneity was high across most estimates (I(2)>75%). Of the 34 studies without data suitable for meta-analysis, 26 reported results consistent with increased risk associated with low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that, in high-income countries, childhood disabling chronic conditions are associated with social disadvantage. Although evidence of an association is consistent across different countries, the review provides limited evidence to explain the association; future research, using longitudinal data, will be required to distinguish low socioeconomic status as the cause or consequence of childhood disabling chronic conditions and the aetiological pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet M Read
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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29
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Hunter RM, Reilly C, Atkinson P, Das KB, Gillberg C, Chin RF, Scott RC, Neville BGR, Morris S. The health, education, and social care costs of school-aged children with active epilepsy: A population-based study. Epilepsia 2015; 56:1056-64. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Hunter
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Colin Reilly
- Research Department; Young Epilepsy; Lingfield Surrey United Kingdom
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Patricia Atkinson
- Child Development Centre; Crawley Hospital; Crawley West Sussex United Kingdom
| | - Krishna B. Das
- Research Department; Young Epilepsy; Lingfield Surrey United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Unit; Institute of Child Health; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard F. Chin
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre; Edinburgh Neurosciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Rod C. Scott
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Unit; Institute of Child Health; University College London; London United Kingdom
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont U.S.A
| | - Brian G. R. Neville
- Research Department; Young Epilepsy; Lingfield Surrey United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Unit; Institute of Child Health; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Morris
- Department of Applied Health Research; University College London; London United Kingdom
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30
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Pickrell WO, Lacey AS, Bodger OG, Demmler JC, Thomas RH, Lyons RA, Smith PEM, Rees MI, Kerr MP. Epilepsy and deprivation, a data linkage study. Epilepsia 2015; 56:585-91. [PMID: 25873180 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the link between epilepsy and deprivation is due to factors associated with deprivation (social causation) or factors associated with a diagnosis of epilepsy (social drift). METHODS We reviewed electronic primary health care records from 2004 to 2010, identifying prevalent and incident cases of epilepsy and recording linked deprivation scores. Logistic and Poisson regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and incidence rate ratios. The change in deprivation was measured 10 years after the initial diagnosis of epilepsy for a cohort of people. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2010, 8.1 million patient-years of records were reviewed. Epilepsy prevalence and incidence were significantly associated with deprivation. Epilepsy prevalence ranged from 1.13% (1.07-1.19%) in the most deprived decile to 0.49% (0.45-0.53%) in the least deprived decile (adjusted odds ratio 0.92, p < 0.001). Epilepsy incidence ranged from 40/100,000 per year in the most deprived decile to 19/100,000 per year in the least deprived decile (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.94, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant change in deprivation index decile 10 years after a new diagnosis of epilepsy (mean difference -0.04, p = 0.85). SIGNIFICANCE Epilepsy prevalence and incidence are strongly associated with deprivation; the deprivation score remains unchanged 10 years after a diagnosis of epilepsy. These findings suggest that increasing rates of epilepsy in deprived areas are more likely explained by social causation than by social drift. The nature of the association between incident epilepsy and social deprivation needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Pickrell
- Wales Epilepsy Research Network, Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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31
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Elliott JO, Richardson VE. The biopsychosocial model and quality of life in persons with active epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 41:55-65. [PMID: 25305434 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a long recognized need in the field of the importance of the psychological and social factors in persons with epilepsy (PWE), the medical community has continued to focus primarily on seizures and their treatment (the biological-biomedical model). From the biopsychosocial perspective, a person's lived experience needs to be incorporated into the understanding of quality of life. While the biopsychosocial model has gained prominence over the years, it has not been studied much in epilepsy. METHODS The study sample included 1720 PWE from the 2003 and the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Data were analyzed using set correlation, as it allows for the examination of the relative contribution of sets of independent variables (biological, psychological, and social domains) and a set of dependent variables (quality of life) of interest, defined as self-rated health status, self-rated mental health status, and life satisfaction. RESULTS Results provide strong evidence that the full biopsychosocial model explained a significantly larger amount of variance in quality of life (R(2) = 55.0%) compared with the biological-biomedical model alone (R(2) = 24.8%). When the individual domains of the biopsychosocial model were controlled for, the psychological (R(2) = 24.6%) and social (R(2) = 18.5%) domains still explained a greater amount of the variance in quality of life compared with the biological-biomedical model (R(2) = 14.3%). CONCLUSIONS While seizure freedom will continue to be an important treatment goal in epilepsy, the psychological and social domains are an important consideration for both interventional programs and clinical research designed to improve quality of life in PWE. Better integration of social workers and psychologists into routine care may help address these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Elliott
- OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43214, USA; The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, Stillman Hall, 1947 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Virginia E Richardson
- The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, Stillman Hall, 1947 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Steer S, Pickrell WO, Kerr MP, Thomas RH. Epilepsy prevalence and socioeconomic deprivation in England. Epilepsia 2014; 55:1634-41. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Steer
- Morriston Hospital; Heol Maes Eglwys; Morriston Swansea United Kingdom
| | - William O. Pickrell
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research Group; Institute of Life Science; College of Medicine; Swansea University; Swansea United Kingdom
- Wales Epilepsy Research Network (WERN); College of Medicine; Swansea University; Swansea United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Kerr
- Wales Epilepsy Research Network (WERN); College of Medicine; Swansea University; Swansea United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
| | - Rhys H. Thomas
- Wales Epilepsy Research Network (WERN); College of Medicine; Swansea University; Swansea United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Research Centre; University of Melbourne; Austin Health Heidelberg Victoria Australia
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33
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Beghi E, Hesdorffer D. Prevalence of epilepsy--an unknown quantity. Epilepsia 2014; 55:963-7. [PMID: 24966095 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The incidence, prevalence, and mortality of epilepsy vary across countries with different economies. Differences can be explained by methodological problems, premature mortality, seizure remission, socioeconomic factors, and stigma. Diagnostic misclassification-one possible explanation-may result from inclusion of patients with acute symptomatic or isolated unprovoked seizures. Other sources of bias include age and ethnic origin of the target population, definitions of epilepsy, retrospective versus prospective ascertainment, sources of cases, and experienced and perceived stigma. Premature mortality is an issue in low-income countries (LICs), where treatment gap, brain infections, and traumatic brain injuries are more common than in high-income countries (HICs). Death rates may reflect untreated continued seizures or inclusion of acute symptomatic seizures. Lack of compliance with antiepileptic drugs has been associated with increased risk for death, increased hospital admissions, motor vehicle accidents, and fractures in poor communities. Epilepsy is a self-remitting clinical condition in up to 50% of cases. Studies in untreated individuals from LICs have shown that the proportion of remissions overlaps that of countries where patients receive treatment. When the identification of patients is based on spontaneous reports (e.g., door-to-door surveys), patients in remission may be less likely to disclose the disease for fear of stigmatization with no concurrent benefits. This might lead to underascertainment of cases when assessing the lifetime prevalence of epilepsy. In LICs, the proportion of people living in poverty is greater than in HICs. Poverty is associated with risk factors for epilepsy, risk for developing epilepsy, and increased mortality. The high incidence and prevalence of epilepsy found in LICs is also observed in low income individuals from HICs. Epileptogenic conditions are associated with an increased mortality. This may partly explain the difference between incidence and lifetime prevalence of epilepsy in LICs. Poverty within LICs and HICs could be a preventable cause of mortality in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Beghi
- Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
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34
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Ali MAS, Elliott RA, Tata LJ. The direct medical costs of epilepsy in children and young people: A population-based study of health resource utilisation. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:576-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ridsdale L, McCrone P, Morgan M, Goldstein L, Seed P, Noble A. Can an epilepsy nurse specialist-led self-management intervention reduce attendance at emergency departments and promote well-being for people with severe epilepsy? A non-randomised trial with a nested qualitative phase. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo (1) describe the characteristics and service use of people with established epilepsy (PWE) who attend the emergency department (ED); (2) evaluate the economic impact of PWE who attend the ED; (3) determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an epilepsy nurse specialist (ENS)-led self-management intervention plus treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU alone in reducing ED use and promoting well-being; (4) describe patients' views of the intervention; and (5) explore their reasons for attending the ED.DesignNon-randomised trial with nested qualitative study.SettingThe EDs of three inner London hospitals. The EDs each offer similar services and support a similar local population, which made a comparison of patient outcomes reasonable.ParticipantsAdults diagnosed with epilepsy for ≥ 1 year were prospectively identified from the EDs by presenting symptom/discharge diagnosis. We recruited 85 of 315 patients with 44 forming the intervention group and 41 the comparison group.InterventionIntervention participants were offered two one-to-one outpatient sessions delivered by an ENS who aimed to optimise self-management skills and knowledge of appropriate emergency service use. The first session lasted for 45–60 minutes and the second for 30 minutes.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of ED visits that participants reported making over the 6 months preceding the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were visits reported at the 6-month follow-up and scores on psychosocial measures.ResultsIn the year preceding recruitment, the 85 participants together made 270 ED visits. The frequency of their visits was positively skewed, with 61% having attended multiple times. The mean number of visits per participant was 3.1 [standard deviation (SD) 3.6] and the median was two (interquartile range 1–4). Mean patient service cost was £2355 (SD £2455). Compared with findings in the general epilepsy population, participants experienced more seizures and had greater anxiety, lower epilepsy knowledge and greater perceived stigma. Their outpatient care was, however, consistent with National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommendations. In total, 81% of participants were retained at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, and 80% of participants offered the intervention attended. Using intention-to-treat analyses, including those adjusted for baseline differences, we found no significant effect of the intervention on ED use at the 6-month follow-up [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 3.28] or the 12-month follow-up (adjusted IRR 1.92, 95% CI 0.68 to 5.41), nor on any psychosocial outcomes. Because they spent less time as inpatients, however, the average service cost of intervention participants over follow-up was less than that of TAU participants (adjusted difference £558, 95% CI –£2409 to £648). Lower confidence in managing epilepsy and more felt stigma at baseline best predicted more ED visits over follow-up. Interviews revealed that patients generally attended because they had no family, friend or colleague nearby who had the confidence to manage a seizure. Most participants receiving the intervention valued it, including being given information on epilepsy and an opportunity to talk about their feelings. Those reporting most ED use at baseline perceived the most benefit.ConclusionsAt baseline, > 60% of participants who had attended an ED in the previous year had reattended in the same year. In total, 50% of their health service costs were accounted for by ED use and admissions. Low confidence in their ability to manage their epilepsy and a greater sense of stigma predicted frequent attendance. The intervention did not lead to a reduction in ED use but did not cost more, partly because those receiving the intervention had shorter average hospital stays. The most common reason reported by PWE for attending an ED was the lack of someone nearby with sufficient experience of managing a seizure. Those who attended an ED frequently and received the intervention were more likely to report that the intervention helped them. Our findings on predictors of ED use clarify what causes ED use and suggest that future interventions might focus more on patients' perceptions of stigma and on their confidence in managing epilepsy. If addressed, ED visits might be reduced and efficiency savings generated.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN06469947.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 1, No. 9. See the HSDR programme website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ridsdale
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P McCrone
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Goldstein
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Seed
- Division for Women's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Noble
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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36
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Yeh CC, Wang HH, Chou YC, Hu CJ, Chou WH, Chen TL, Liao CC. High risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with epilepsy: a nationwide cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:1091-8. [PMID: 24012412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between epilepsy and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study by using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients 20 years and older newly diagnosed as having epilepsy and nonepileptic adults were identified between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, and were observed through December 31, 2008. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with epilepsy. RESULTS Compared with the nonepileptic group (n=449,541), epileptic patients (n=1412) had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (13.4 vs 2.9 per 1000 person-years), with an HR of 2.97 (95% CI, 2.49-3.53). The HRs of gastrointestinal hemorrhage for patients with generalized epilepsy, inpatient care, emergency care, and frequent outpatient visits for epilepsy were 3.50 (95% CI, 2.59-4.72), 3.96 (95% CI, 2.85-5.50), 4.35 (95% CI, 3.15-6.01), and 4.96 (95% CI, 3.97-6.21), respectively. Risks were significantly higher in epileptic patients with mental disorders (HR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.55-4.01), aged 70 years and older (HR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.89-5.77), and in the first year after epilepsy (HR, 4.81; 95%, CI, 3.14-7.34). CONCLUSION Epilepsy is an independent determinant for gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a chronological and severity-dependent pattern. We urge the development of an adequate surveillance policy and strategy for the early prevention of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Neligan A, Hauser WA, Sander JW. The epidemiology of the epilepsies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2012; 107:113-133. [PMID: 22938966 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52898-8.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Neligan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Ferro MA. A population-based study of the prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors of self-reported epilepsy among adults in the United Kingdom. Seizure 2011; 20:784-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Novy J, Castelao E, Preisig M, Vidal PM, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Rossetti AO. Psychiatric co-morbidities and cardiovascular risk factors in people with lifetime history of epilepsy of an urban community. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 114:26-30. [PMID: 21955581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression has been consistently reported in people with epilepsy. Several studies also suggest a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases. We therefore analysed psychosocial co-morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with a lifetime history of epilepsy in the PsyCoLaus study, a Swiss urban population-based assessment of mental health and cardiovascular risk factors in adults aged between 35 and 66 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 3719 participants in the PsyCoLaus study, we retrospectively identified those reporting at least 2 unprovoked seizures, defined as epilepsy. These subjects were compared to all others regarding psychiatric, social, and cardiovascular risk factors data using uni- and multivariable assessments. RESULTS A significant higher need for social help (p<0.001) represented the only independent difference between 43 subjects with a history of epilepsy and 3676 controls, while a higher prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities (p=0.015) and a lower prevalent marital status (p=0.01) were only significant on univariate analyses. Depression and cardio-vascular risk factors, as well as educational level and employment, were similar among the groups. CONCLUSIONS This analysis confirms an increased prevalence of psychosocial burden in subjects with a lifetime history of epilepsy; conversely, we did not find a higher cardiovascular risk. The specific urban and geographical location of our cohort and the age span of the studied population may account for the differences from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novy
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Margrove K, Mensah S, Thapar A, Kerr M. Depression screening for patients with epilepsy in a primary care setting using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21:387-90. [PMID: 21742562 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression among people with a diagnosis of epilepsy is under-recognized. General practitioner (GP) screening for depression using a new scale developed specifically for patients with epilepsy, the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E), has not before been reported. The aims were to examine the process of GP screening for depression in patients with epilepsy employing the widely used Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the NDDI-E; to determine the impact of screening on GP-recognized depression; and to ascertain depression predictors. Patients were screened via their GPs. A subset of participants underwent clinical interview to assess screener accuracy. Use of either instrument almost doubled the proportion of GP-recognized depression. Ninety-four percent of those interviewed found screening acceptable. More recent and frequent seizures predicted screening positive. The results suggest that screening for depression in patients with epilepsy via GPs improves detection of depression and is acceptable to interviewed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Margrove
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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41
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Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, Sander JW, Newton CR. Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach. Epilepsia 2010; 51:883-90. [PMID: 20067507 PMCID: PMC3410521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 876] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the burden of lifetime epilepsy (LTE) and active epilepsy (AE) and examine the influence of study characteristics on prevalence estimates. METHODS We searched online databases and identified articles using prespecified criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the median prevalence in developed countries and in urban and rural settings in developing countries. The impact of study characteristics on prevalence estimates was determined using meta-regression models. RESULTS The median LTE prevalence for developed countries was 5.8 per 1,000 (5th-95th percentile range 2.7-12.4) compared to 15.4 per 1,000 (4.8-49.6) for rural and 10.3 (2.8-37.7) for urban studies in developing countries. The median prevalence of AE was 4.9 per 1,000 (2.3-10.3) for developed countries and 12.7 per 1,000 (3.5-45.5) and 5.9 (3.4-10.2) in rural and urban studies in developing countries. The estimates of burden for LTE and AE in developed countries were 6.8 million (5th-95th percentile range 3.2-14.7) and 5.7 million (2.7-12.2), respectively. In developing countries these were 45 (14-145) million LTE and 17 (10-133) million AE in rural areas and 17 (5-61) million LTE and 10 (5-17) million AE in urban areas. Studies involving all ages or only adults showed higher estimates than pediatric studies. Higher prevalence estimates were also associated with rural location and small study size. CONCLUSIONS This study estimates the global burden of epilepsy and the proportions with AE, which may benefit from treatment. There are systematic differences in reported prevalence estimates, which are only partially explained by study characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K Ngugi
- The Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI, Kilifi, Kenya.
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42
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Elliott JO, Lu B, Shneker BF, Moore JL, McAuley JW. The impact of 'social determinants of health' on epilepsy prevalence and reported medication use. Epilepsy Res 2009; 84:135-45. [PMID: 19233619 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a limited understanding of the complex relationship between poverty and epilepsy. To address the complex interaction of environmental and psychosocial factors in epilepsy a 'social determinants of health' model is presented where individual factors are influenced through three pathways (social environment, work and material factors). In the 2005 California Health Interview Survey, 246 of 604 (41%) persons with a history of epilepsy were in poverty, defined as <200% Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed persons in poverty are not more likely to report a history of epilepsy compared to those not in poverty. However, persons with a history of epilepsy in poverty were significantly less likely than those not in poverty to report taking medication for epilepsy (OR 0.5) once material factors (annual income and living situation) and healthcare access were controlled for in the final sequential model. Healthcare practitioners must continue to recognize that connection to social services and the cost of medications are significant barriers to optimal care in persons with epilepsy. Improved connection to patient advocacy organizations and medication assistance programs may help close these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Elliott
- The Ohio State University, Department of Neurology, 395 W 12th Avenue 7th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Wheeler DC, Waller LA, Elliott JO. Modeling epilepsy disparities among ethnic groups in Philadelphia, PA. Stat Med 2009; 27:4069-85. [PMID: 18381676 DOI: 10.1002/sim.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defined epilepsy as an emerging public health issue in a recent report and emphasized the importance of epilepsy studies in minorities and people of low socioeconomic status. Previous research has suggested that the incidence rate for epilepsy is positively associated with various measures of social and economic disadvantage. In response, we utilize hierarchical Bayesian models to analyze health disparities in epilepsy and seizure risks among multiple ethnicities in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The goals of the analysis are to highlight any overall significant disparities in epilepsy risks between the populations of Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics in the study area during the years 2002--2004 and to visualize the spatial pattern of epilepsy risks by ethnicity to indicate where certain ethnic populations were most adversely affected by epilepsy within the study area. Results of the Bayesian model indicate that Hispanics have the highest epilepsy risk overall, followed by African Americans, and then Caucasians. There are significant increases in relative risk for both African Americans and Hispanics when compared with Caucasians, as indicated by the posterior mean estimates of 2.09 with a 95 per cent credible interval of (1.67, 2.62) for African Americans and 2.97 with a 95 per cent credible interval of (2.37, 3.71) for Hispanics. Results also demonstrate that using a Bayesian analysis in combination with geographic information system (GIS) technology can reveal spatial patterns in patient data and highlight areas of disparity in epilepsy risk among subgroups of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Wheeler
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Elliott JO, Charyton C, Lu B, Moore JL. Serious psychological distress and health outcomes for persons with epilepsy in poverty. Seizure 2008; 18:332-8. [PMID: 19119022 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology literature demonstrates socioeconomic status as an important variable for outcomes in persons with epilepsy. However, no previous studies have analyzed the association between poverty and epilepsy in the United States. Forty-one percent (246/604) of persons with a history of epilepsy (PWHE) in the 2005 California Health Interview Survey (n=43,020) had an annual income <200% Federal Poverty Level (FPL), adjusted lifetime prevalence rate 0.5% [98.33% CI 0.4-0.7]. Four groups are presented in the analyses: (1) those with a history of epilepsy <200% FPL, (2) those with a history of epilepsy > or =200% FPL, (3) those not reporting a history of epilepsy <200% FPL and (4) those not reporting a history of epilepsy > or =200% FPL. PWHE in poverty reported significantly higher amounts of serious psychological distress, based on the validated Kessler 6 (K6) scale, than both non-epilepsy populations. After adjusting for demographics and other comorbid conditions, logistic regression analyses show PWHE in poverty are significantly more likely to report fair or poor self-rated health status when compared to the PWHE not in poverty and both non-epilepsy populations. PWHE in poverty are also more likely to report > or =14 generally unhealthy days and > or =14 physically unhealthy days in the past 30 days compared to the PWHE not in poverty and both non-epilepsy populations. Psychological well-being needs to be incorporated into any comprehensive treatment strategy for managing epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Elliott
- The Ohio State University, Department of Neurology, 430 Means Hall, 1654 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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45
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Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Socioeconomic and occupational risk factors for epilepsy: a nationwide epidemiological study in Sweden. Seizure 2007; 17:254-60. [PMID: 17728158 PMCID: PMC2292825 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate associations between hospitalization for epilepsy and two factors: socioeconomic status and occupation. DESIGN AND SETTING A nationwide database was constructed in Sweden by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register to obtain data on all first-time hospitalizations for epilepsy in adults in Sweden during the study period (1987-2004). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by socioeconomic status and occupation. RESULTS A total of 22,638 men and 16,871 women>30 years were hospitalized for epilepsy during the study period. Low education and low income (both men and women) and being an unskilled/skilled worker (only men) was associated with slightly but significantly increased risks. Among men, increased risk was noted for waiters, launderers and dry cleaners, clerical workers, other construction workers, sales agents and drivers. Among women, increased risk was observed among cooks and stewards and administrators and managers. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status and occupation sometimes carry significantly increased risks of hospital admission for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Li
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 12, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Mohammadi MR, Ghanizadeh A, Davidian H, Mohammadi M, Norouzian M. Prevalence of epilepsy and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in Iran. Seizure 2006; 15:476-82. [PMID: 16931061 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To determine the lifetime prevalence of self- and other relative informants-reported epilepsy in nationwide study among Iranian adults of aged 18 years and over and to study the association of epilepsy with lifetime history of the psychiatric disorders. METHOD Twenty-five thousand one hundred and eighty individual were selected through a randomized clustered sampling method from all the Iranian households; interviewed and used epilepsy questionnaire face-to-face at home in year 2001. From 12,398,235 households residing in Iran, 7795 families selected from 1559 clusters, 997 clusters were in urban and 582 were in rural areas, each cluster with 5 households were studied. The response rate was 90%. RESULTS The prevalence of epilepsy was 1.8%. Epilepsy was more common in females, unemployed and higher educational level. It was not significantly associated with the age group, marital status and residential areas. The most common psychiatric disorders in subjects with epilepsy were major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. The rate of lifetime suicidal attempt was 8.1%. CONCLUSION Lifetime prevalence of epilepsy in Iran is not low. As the other communities, it is more common in females and unemployed. However, in contrast with the other studies, it was not more common among some age groups and unmarried and low educated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, South Kargar St., 13185/1741 Tehran, Iran.
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Smith JJ, Tilney HS, Heriot AG, Darzi AW, Forbes H, Thompson MR, Stamatakis JD, Tekkis PP. Social deprivation and outcomes in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93:1123-31. [PMID: 16779877 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of social deprivation on postoperative mortality and length of stay in patients having surgery for colorectal cancer.
Methods
Data were extracted from the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland database of patients presenting between April 2001 and March 2002. The effect of social deprivation, measured by the Townsend score, on 30-day postoperative mortality and length of stay was evaluated by two-level hierarchical regression analysis.
Results
A total of 7290 (86·8 per cent) patients underwent surgery. Operative mortality was 6·7 per cent and median length of stay 11 days. Deprivation indices were significantly higher in patients with Dukes' ‘D’ cancers, undergoing emergency surgery and with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades (P < 0·005). Worsening deprivation was associated with higher operative mortality and longer stay (P = 0·014). For each unit increase in deprivation, there was 2·9 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·5 to 5·2) per cent increase in 30-day mortality. On multifactorial analysis, social deprivation was an independent predictor of length of stay, but its effect on operative mortality was explained by differences in ASA grade, operative urgency and Dukes' classification.
Conclusion
Social deprivation was an independent risk factor of postoperative length of stay and associated with higher postoperative mortality. These results have important implications for risk modelling of postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Surgery, West Middlesex Hospital, Isleworth, and Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, UK
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Reading R, Haynes R, Beach R. Deprivation and incidence of epilepsy in children. Seizure 2006; 15:190-3. [PMID: 16483805 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine differences in the incidence of epilepsy associated with deprivation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of new cases of epilepsy presenting over 3 years linked to census based population and deprivation data. SETTING Norfolk UK. PATIENTS Children aged 29 days to 14 years presenting to the only district hospital serving the study area. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of epilepsy in quartiles of areas defined by Townsend deprivation score. RESULTS Overall annual incidence of epilepsy was 6.63 cases per 10,000. There was no association between epilepsy incidence and deprivation with rates of 6.5, 8.0, 4.1 and 7.9 per 10,000 per year, respectively, in areas with increasing levels of deprivation. Proportions of children investigated for possible epilepsy and of children treated for epilepsy showed no social variation. CONCLUSIONS We did not find social inequalities in the incidence of epilepsy in children. Nor was there evidence for the inverse care law in the investigation or treatment of epilepsy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Reading
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Krahn GL, Hammond L, Turner A. A cascade of disparities: Health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:70-82. [PMID: 16435327 DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
People with ID represent approximately 2% of the population and, as a group, experience poorer health than the general population. This article presents recent conceptualizations that begin to disentangle health from disability, summarizes the literature from 1999 to 2005 in terms of the cascade of disparities, reviews intervention issues and promising practices, and provides recommendations for future action and research. The reconceptualization of health and disability examines health disparity in terms of the determinants of health (genetic, social circumstances, environment, individual behaviors, health care access) and types of health conditions (associated, comorbid, secondary). The literature is summarized in terms of a cascade of disparities experienced by people with ID, including a higher prevalence of adverse conditions, inadequate attention to care needs, inadequate focus on health promotion, and inadequate access to quality health care services. Promising practices are reviewed from the perspective of persons with ID, providers of care and services, and policies that influence systems of care. Recommendations across multiple countries and organizations are synthesized as guidelines to direct future action. They call for promoting principles of early identification, inclusion, and self-determination of people with ID; reducing the occurrence and impact of associated, comorbid, and secondary conditions; empowering caregivers and family members; promoting healthy behaviors in people with ID; and ensuring equitable access to quality health care by people with ID. Their broadscale implementations would begin to reduce the health disparity experienced by people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria L Krahn
- Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97207-0574, USA.
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Duncan R, Barlow G, Smith AC. Review of patients in general practice with a diagnosis of epilepsy: development of a practice nurse checklist and an assessment of resource implications. Scott Med J 2005; 50:114-7. [PMID: 16163997 DOI: 10.1177/003693300505000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIGN has recommended annual review of all patients with epilepsy. Annual review is rewarded in the new GMS contract. There is no information on how or by whom reviews should be carried out, nor on resource implications for secondary care. AIMS To determine whether a practice nurse can deliver annual review of patients with epilepsy, and to estimate the resource implications of such review. METHODS Evaluation of a practice nurse checklist against review by neurologist in 62 patients with epilepsy identified from a practice list of 6240 from Southwest Glasgow LHCC, and audit of case records in 1259 patients with epilepsy identified from the whole LHCC population of 96,565. RESULTS There were 8 discrepancies between nurse and doctor reviews in a first iteration, but none in the second. Changes suggested a training effect. The review process generated 19 epilepsy nurse appointments, 7 requests for cerebral imaging and 3 requests for video EEG. Twelve patients required continuing follow up. The LHCC audit identified a large number of patients who had inadequate documentation of information and advice (over 90% in some domains). 28.6% had not been seen by a specialist, 40.7% had not had cerebral imaging, and only 37.4% were seizure free. CONCLUSION Annual reviews of patients with epilepsy can be carried out by practice nurses, but some training is required. The review process is likely to increase the burden on secondary care and have a significant adverse effect on neurology waiting times.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duncan
- West of Scotland Regional Epilepsy Service, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow.
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