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Ennin IE, Adzaku FK, Dodoo D, Maalman RSE. Effects of mixed hardwoods dust on respiratory function and blood immunoglobulin levels in wood workers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26358. [PMID: 38404770 PMCID: PMC10884841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure to wood dust, generated by various individual wood species, both softwood and hardwood, has been extensively documented as a causative factor for reduced lung function, frequent respiratory symptoms, and increased immunological responses in wood workers. This study explores the impact of wood dust from mixed tropical hardwood species on lung function, respiratory symptoms, and Immunoglobulin (Ig) E and G levels. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among wood workers at the Accra Timber Market and a control group from the University of Ghana. Particulate matter (PM) was sampled using a Minivol Sampler set to a flow rate of 5 l/min. Respiratory symptoms were assessed using questions adapted from the British Medical Research Council (MRC) questionnaire (1960). Lung volumes and airflow rates were measured using a spirometer. Total serum IgE and IgG levels were quantified using ELISA. Results No significant differences were observed between the wood workers and the controls for demographic variables. Wood workers exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, particularly rhinitis, with many reporting the absence of symptoms during holidays. Lung function parameters (VC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR, and FEF25-75%) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in wood workers. A significant negative correlation was noted between lung function parameters and years of exposure to wood dust. Wood workers showed significantly elevated levels (p < 0.05) of IgG and IgE. Conclusion The study findings suggest that exposure to mixed tropical hardwood dust induces elevated blood IgE and IgG levels, along with non-allergic respiratory function abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E. Ennin
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, Ghana
| | - Festus K. Adzaku
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Daniel Dodoo
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Raymond Saa-Eru Maalman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
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Guimarães RM, Muzi CD, Meira KC, Dos Santos RD, Saraiva MM, Rohlfs DB. Occupational exposure to carcinogens in Brazil: An approach. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 76:414-423. [PMID: 33750273 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1900044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the primary occupational exposures, considered risk factors for Cancer in Brazil. We elaborated two exposure scenarios considering the agents' classification and the intensity of exposure, stratified by Brazilian regions and sex. Two pairs of specialists performed the classification of economic activities and occupations due to exposure. There was an excellent overall agreement (94%) and acceptable overall reliability (kappa 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95). There is a notable difference (595%) in occupational exposure between the north (with a higher concentration of rural areas and extractivism) and southeast (with a higher level of industrial activities). There is a difference in prevalence from 833% for solvents to 1170% for inorganic dust between the two scenarios. There is a heterogeneity of exposures according to location, sex, circumstance, and sensitiveness of classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Drumond Muzi
- Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Magda Machado Saraiva
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniela Buosi Rohlfs
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
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Deng Y, Wang M, Tian T, Lin S, Xu P, Zhou L, Dai C, Hao Q, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Zhu Y, Zhuang G, Dai Z. The Effect of Hexavalent Chromium on the Incidence and Mortality of Human Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on Published Epidemiological Cohort Studies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:24. [PMID: 30778374 PMCID: PMC6369173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an occupational carcinogen that can cause lung and nasal cancers, but its association with mortality and incidence in many other cancers is unclear. Objectives: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to Cr(VI) and the mortality and incidence of human cancers. Methods: We performed a search of the literature and extracted the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to estimate risk values. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, occupation, and types of cancer to identify groups that were at high-risk or predisposed to certain cancers. Results: A total of 47 cohort studies covering the period 1985–2016 were included (37 studies reporting SMRs and 16 studies reporting SIRs). The summary SMR for all studies combined was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15). Summary SMRs were higher among chromate production workers, chrome platers, and masons, and especially male workers. In the subgroup analysis, Cr(VI) exposure was related to a higher risk of death owing to lung, larynx, bladder, kidney, testicular, bone, and thyroid cancer. The meta-SIR of all studies combined was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.09). Summary SIRs were elevated among cement industry workers and tanners. Cr(VI) exposure was related to an elevated risk of respiratory system, buccal cavity, pharynx, prostate, and stomach cancers. Conclusions: Cr(VI) might cause cancers of the respiratory system, buccal cavity and pharynx, prostate, and stomach in humans, and it is related to increased risk of overall mortality owing to lung, larynx, bladder, kidney, testicular, bone, and thyroid cancer. In addition, there was a strong association between incidence and mortality risk of cancers and concentration of Cr(VI) in the air and the exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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