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Gözcü S, Uğan RA, Özbek H, Gündoğdu B, Güvenalp Z. Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Polygonum cognatum Meisn. and phytochemical analysis of effective extracts. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5809. [PMID: 38109869 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cognatum Meisn. (Polygonaceae) is used both as food and as a folk medicine to treat diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the extracts, along with isolated compounds, from P. cognatum aerial parts on diabetes. In vitro studies were conducted using an α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, while in vivo antidiabetic studies were carried out on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Effective extracts were subjected to isolation studies, and structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts had the highest effect in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. They also decreased aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity in rats. From the active extracts, 11 phenolic compounds were isolated and characterized. Among the isolated compounds, quercetin was found to be the most active according to α-glucosidase inhibitory activity studies. This study provided scientific evidence for the traditional use of P. cognatum as a folk medicine for treating diabetes. The findings suggest that the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, as well as quercetin, have the potential for development as antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Gözcü
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Rüstem Anıl Uğan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hilal Özbek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Medicinal Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betül Gündoğdu
- Departmant of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zühal Güvenalp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Medicinal Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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2
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Huang L, Cao B, Geng Y, Zhou X, Yang Y, Ma T, Lin H, Huang Z, Zhuo L, Li J. A randomized double-blind phase Ib clinical trial of SY-009 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106644. [PMID: 37981049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SY-009 produces a hypoglycemic effect via inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and multiple-dose escalation clinical trial aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamical characteristics as well as the safety and tolerability of SY-009 in T2DM patients. METHOD Fifty T2DM patients were randomized into experimental and placebo groups, and hospitalized for 9 days managed with a unified diet and rest management. Subjects were given SY-009 or placebo from day 1 to day 7 at different frequencies and dosages. Single dose cohort was defined as the first dose on day 1 and multiple dose cohort included all the dose from day 1 to 7. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Mixed meal tolerance tests were performed. Blood samples were collected to determine glucose, C-peptide, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). RESULTS PK parameters were not obtained because blood SY-009 concentrations were below the limit of quantitation in all subjects. SY-009 decreased the postprandial glucose. Blood glucose was controlled within 4 hours after taking the drug. Short-term administration of SY-009 (7 days) had no significant effects on fasting glucose but reduced the secretion of C-peptide, insulin, and GIP and increased GLP-1 secretion. The most common adverse event was gastrointestinal disorder manifesting abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating. CONCLUSION Plasma exposure of SY-009 and its metabolites was fairly low in T2DM patients at doses of 1.0-4.0 mg. SY-009 reduced postprandial glucose, C-peptide, and insulin levels, showing relative safety and tolerability in the dose range of 1.0-4.0 mg. TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04345107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Suzhou Yabao Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yuanxun Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhijiang Huang
- Suzhou Yabao Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lang Zhuo
- Suzhou Yabao Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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3
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Diaz-Ruiz A, Price NL, Ferrucci L, de Cabo R. Obesity and lifespan, a complex tango. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh1175. [PMID: 37992154 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and aging share comorbidities, phenotypes, and deleterious effects on health that are associated with chronic diseases. However, distinct features set them apart, with underlying biology that should be explored and exploited, especially given the demographic shifts and the obesity epidemic that the world is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Gerontology, Precision Nutrition and Aging, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 028049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), E28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Group of Nutritional Interventions, Precision Nutrition and Aging, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Rajesh R, Atallah R, Bärnthaler T. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways in pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108436. [PMID: 37150402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown origin and the most common interstitial lung disease. It progresses with the recruitment of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that contribute to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, leading to the loss of compliance and alveolar integrity, compromising the gas exchange capacity of the lung. Moreover, while there are therapeutics available, they do not offer a cure. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify better therapeutic targets. With the advent of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the cellular mechanisms underlying disease progression are better understood. Metabolic homeostasis is one such factor and its dysregulation has been shown to impact the outcome of IPF. Several metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipids, protein and carbohydrates have been implicated in IPF. While metabolites are crucial for the generation of energy, it is now appreciated that metabolites have several non-metabolic roles in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, signaling, and death among several other functions. Through this review, we succinctly elucidate the role of several metabolic pathways in IPF. Moreover, we also discuss potential therapeutics which target metabolism or metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Rajesh
- Division of pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reham Atallah
- Division of pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Division of pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Wang J, Liang H, Wang Y, Zheng X, Chen F, Shao J, Geng Z, Zheng L, Yang W, Weng J, Xu T, Zhou K. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is a Potential Biomarker for Treatment Choice Between Metformin and Acarbose. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:1268-1273. [PMID: 36841964 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2D) while acarbose is suggested as a viable alternative in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed T2D. However, few biomarkers have been established to guide the choice between these two agents. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a biomarker of mitochondrial function, which is associated with various metabolic outcomes. Using data from the trial of Metformin and Acarbose in Chinese as the Initial Hypoglycaemic Treatment (MARCH) (metformin n = 214; acarbose n = 198), we examined whether mtDNA-CN was associated with response to the drugs in terms of glycemic response and β-cell function protection response. The glycemic response is defined as the maximum glucose reduction of glycated hemoglobin A1c , fasting plasma glucose, or postprandial blood glucose during 48 weeks. β-cell function protection response is defined as the maximum increment of insulinogenic index (IGI) or disposition index (DI). For all three glycemic responses, mtDNA-CN was not significantly associated with either metformin or acarbose. Importantly, for β-cell function protection response, we found the increased mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with more IGI increment (beta: 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.02 to 1.66) in the metformin group, but less IGI increment (beta: -1.38; 95% CI, -2.52 to -0.23) in the acarbose group. A significant interaction (P = 0.008) between mtDNA-CN and the treatment group was observed. Consistent results were also obtained when DI increment was used as a measure of β-cell function response. This study demonstrated the potential application of mtDNA-CN in guiding the treatment choice between metformin and acarbose based on β-cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - You Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Shao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxu Geng
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Santos SS, Gonzaga RV, Scarim CB, Giarolla J, Primi MC, Chin CM, Ferreira EI. Drug/Lead Compound Hydroxymethylation as a Simple Approach to Enhance Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Front Chem 2022; 9:734983. [PMID: 35237565 PMCID: PMC8883432 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.734983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxymethylation is a simple chemical reaction, in which the introduction of the hydroxymethyl group can lead to physical–chemical property changes and offer several therapeutic advantages, contributing to the improved biological activity of drugs. There are many examples in the literature of the pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic benefits, which the hydroxymethyl group can confer to drugs, prodrugs, drug metabolites, and other therapeutic compounds. It is worth noting that this group can enhance the drug’s interaction with the active site, and it can be employed as an intermediary in synthesizing other therapeutic agents. In addition, the hydroxymethyl derivative can result in more active compounds than the parent drug as well as increase the water solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Taking this into consideration, this review aims to discuss different applications of hydroxymethyl derived from biological agents and its influence on the pharmacological effects of drugs, prodrugs, active metabolites, and compounds of natural origin. Finally, we report a successful compound synthesized by our research group and used for the treatment of neglected diseases, which is created from the hydroxymethylation of its parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya S. Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V. Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cauê B. Scarim
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (LAPDESF), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chung M. Chin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (LAPDESF), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Avançada Em Medicina (CEPAM), Faculdade de Medicina, União Das Faculdades Dos Grande Lagos (UNILAGO), São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth I. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth I. Ferreira,
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7
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Exploring New Drug Targets for Type 2 Diabetes: Success, Challenges and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020331. [PMID: 35203540 PMCID: PMC8869656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are substantial shortcomings in the drugs currently available for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The global diabetic crisis has not abated despite the introduction of new types of drugs and targets. Persistent unaddressed patient needs remain a significant factor in the quest for new leads in routine studies. Drug discovery methods in this area have followed developments in the market, contributing to a recent rise in the number of molecules. Nevertheless, troubling developments and fresh challenges are still evident. Recently, metformin, the most widely used first-line drug for diabetes, was found to contain a carcinogenic contaminant known as N-nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA). Therefore, purity and toxicity are also a big challenge for drug discovery and development. Moreover, newer drug classes against SGLT-2 illustrate both progress and difficulties. The same was true previously in the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Furthermore, researchers must study the importance of mechanistic characteristics of novel compounds, as well as exposure-related hazardous aspects of current and newly identified protein targets, in order to identify new pharmacological molecules with improved selectivity and specificity.
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8
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Feng Y, Zhu J, Wang Q, Cao H, He F, Guan Y, Li D, Yan J, Yang J, Xia Y, Dong M, Hu F, Cao M, Wang J, Ding X, Feng Y, Zou H, Han Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Tang A, Jiang M, Deng Y, Gao J, Jia Y, Zhao W, Zhang F. White common bean extract remodels the gut microbiota and ameliorates type 2 diabetes and its complications: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:999715. [PMID: 36303868 PMCID: PMC9594986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.999715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive carbohydrate intake is a high risk factor for increased morbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A novel regimen for the dietary care of diabetes that consists of a highly active α-amylase inhibitor derived from white common bean extract (WCBE) and sufficient carbohydrates intake was applied to attenuate T2D and its complications. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota in this remission was also investigated. METHODS We conducted a 4-month randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. During the intense intervention period, ninety subjects were randomly assigned to the control group (Group C) and WCBE group (Group W). Subjects in Group C were supplemented with 1.5 g of maltodextrin as a placebo. Subjects in Group W took 1.5 g of WCBE half an hour before a meal. Fifty-five participants continued the maintenance intervention receiving the previous dietary intervention whereas less frequent follow-up. The variation in biochemical, vasculopathy and neuropathy indicators and the structure of the fecal microbiota during the intervention was analyzed. RESULT Glucose metabolism and diabetic complications showed superior remission in Group W with a 0.721 ± 0.742% decline of glycosylated hemoglobin after 4 months. The proportion of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (Toronto Clinical Scoring System, TCSS ≥ 6) was significantly lower in Group W than in Group C. Both the left and right sural sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV-left sural and SNCV-right sural) slightly decreased in Group C and slightly increased in Group W. Additionally, the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and Anaerostipes were higher in Group W, and the abundances of Weissella, Klebsiella, Cronobacter and Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified were lower than those in Group C at month 2. At the end of month 4, Bifidobacterium remained more abundant in Group W. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of improvement to diabetes complications by using a dietary supplement in such a short-term period. The enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria might be responsible for the attenuation of T2D and its complications. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=23309&htm=4, identifier ChiCTR-IOR-17013656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Infection Control, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Guan
- Yinglongqiao Community Health Service Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiai Yan
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meihua Dong
- Department of Health Promotion, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Functional Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Cao
- Special Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Mashan Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Binhu District, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Guangrui and Tongjiang Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Han
- Guangrui and Tongjiang Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Su Sun
- Beidajie Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beidajie Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Aijuan Tang
- Beidajie Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Minhong Jiang
- Yangming Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Yangming Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfen Gao
- Shanbei Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- Shanbei Community Healthcare Center, Health Commision of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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Korfhage J, Skinner ME, Basu J, Greenson JK, Miller RA, Lombard DB. Canagliflozin increases intestinal adenoma burden in female Apc Min/+ mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:215-220. [PMID: 34448851 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetes drug canagliflozin extends lifespan in male mice. Since malignant neoplasms are the major cause of death in most mouse strains, this observation suggests that canagliflozin might exert anti-neoplastic effects in male mice. Here, we treated a mouse neoplasia model, the adenoma-prone Apc Min/+ strain, with canagliflozin, to test the effects of this drug on intestinal tumor burden. Surprisingly, canagliflozin increased the total area of intestine involved by adenomas, an effect most marked in the distal intestine and in female mice. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that canagliflozin may not influence adenoma growth via direct SGLT1/2 inhibition in neoplastic cells. Our results are most consistent with a model where canagliflozin aggravates adenoma development by altering the anatomic distribution of intestinal glucose absorption, as evidenced by increases in postprandial GLP-1 levels driven by delayed glucose absorption. We hypothesize that canagliflozin exacerbates adenomatosis in the Apc Min/+ model via complex, cell-non-autonomous mechanisms, and that sex differences in GLP-1 responses may in part underlie sexually dimorphic effects of this drug on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Korfhage
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary E Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jookta Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Geriatrics Center and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Geriatrics Center and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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10
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Hypertension in diabetes care: emerging roles of recent hypoglycemic agents. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:897-905. [PMID: 33990790 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) frequently have multiple cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Accordingly, this patient population often requires polypharmacy, which is associated with an increased risk of drug-drug interactions, poor adherence, and even adverse outcomes. Accumulating evidence on newer hypoglycemic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, has highlighted the marked improvements in cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with the off-target benefits for relevant comorbidities, including hypertension. These classes of hypoglycemic agents are unique, as they achieve consistently modest but significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), an effect that has not been targeted and observed with conventional hypoglycemic agents. In addition to this BP-lowering effect, these agents also have multifaceted beneficial impacts on other cardiometabolic and renal parameters, which appear to be helpful for providing an important comprehensive therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis in patients with T2D. The clinical advantages of these agents may reduce the dose and number of concomitant medications used to treat T2D and related comorbidities. These positive spillover effects may also enhance the clinical use of agents to achieve better diabetes care. As a consequence, the clinical significance of these hypoglycemic agents now extends beyond their hypoglycemic effects, thereby providing a new-normal strategy to use in an evidence-based, patient-centric approach to diabetes care.
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11
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Smith DL, Orlandella RM, Allison DB, Norian LA. Diabetes medications as potential calorie restriction mimetics-a focus on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. GeroScience 2021. [PMID: 33006707 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00278-x/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of aging research has grown rapidly over the last half-century, with advancement of scientific technologies to interrogate mechanisms underlying the benefit of life-extending interventions like calorie restriction (CR). Coincident with this increase in knowledge has been the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty in practicing long-term CR, a search for compounds (CR mimetics) which could recapitulate the health and longevity benefits without requiring food intake reductions was proposed. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are compounds that function predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates, delaying and decreasing monosaccharide uptake from the gut in the treatment of T2D. Acarbose, an AGI, has been shown in pre-clinical models to increase lifespan (greater longevity benefits in males), with decreased body weight gain independent of calorie intake reduction. The CR mimetic benefits of acarbose are further supported by clinical findings beyond T2D including the risk for other age-related diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular). Open questions remain regarding the exclusivity of acarbose relative to other AGIs, potential off-target effects, and combination with other therapies for healthy aging and longevity extension. Given the promising results in pre-clinical models (even in the absence of T2D), a unique mechanism of action and multiple age-related reduced disease risks that have been reported with acarbose, support for clinical trials with acarbose focusing on aging-related outcomes and incorporating biological sex, age at treatment initiation, and T2D-dependence within the design is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rachael M Orlandella
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Duran-Ortiz S, List EO, Basu R, Kopchick JJ. Extending lifespan by modulating the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis: coming of age. Pituitary 2021; 24:438-456. [PMID: 33459974 PMCID: PMC8122064 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress made in the years of aging research have allowed the opportunity to explore potential interventions to slow aging and extend healthy lifespan. Studies performed in yeast, worms, flies and mice subjected to genetic and pharmacological interventions have given insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with longevity. Furthermore, it is now possible to effectively modulate pathways that slow aging at different stages of life (early life or at an adult age). Interestingly, interventions that extend longevity in adult mice have had sex-specific success, suggesting a potential link between particular pathways that modulate aging and sex. For example, reduction of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis at an adult age extends lifespan preferentially in females. Moreover, several postnatal dietary interventions tested by the 'Intervention Testing Program (ITP)' from the National Institute of Aging (NIA) have shown that while pharmacological interventions like rapamycin affect the IGF-1/insulin pathway and preferentially extend lifespan in females; dietary compounds that target other cellular pathways are effective only in male mice-indicating mutually exclusive sex-specific pathways. Therefore, a combination of interventions that target non-overlapping aging-related pathways appears to be an effective approach to further extend healthy lifespan in both sexes. Here, we review the germline and postnatal mouse lines that target the GH/IGF-1 axis as a mechanism to extend longevity as well as the dietary compounds that tested positive in the NIA program to increase lifespan. We believe that the interventions reviewed in this paper could constitute feasible combinations for an extended healthy lifespan in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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13
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Smith DL, Orlandella RM, Allison DB, Norian LA. Diabetes medications as potential calorie restriction mimetics-a focus on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. GeroScience 2021; 43:1123-1133. [PMID: 33006707 PMCID: PMC8190416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of aging research has grown rapidly over the last half-century, with advancement of scientific technologies to interrogate mechanisms underlying the benefit of life-extending interventions like calorie restriction (CR). Coincident with this increase in knowledge has been the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty in practicing long-term CR, a search for compounds (CR mimetics) which could recapitulate the health and longevity benefits without requiring food intake reductions was proposed. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are compounds that function predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates, delaying and decreasing monosaccharide uptake from the gut in the treatment of T2D. Acarbose, an AGI, has been shown in pre-clinical models to increase lifespan (greater longevity benefits in males), with decreased body weight gain independent of calorie intake reduction. The CR mimetic benefits of acarbose are further supported by clinical findings beyond T2D including the risk for other age-related diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular). Open questions remain regarding the exclusivity of acarbose relative to other AGIs, potential off-target effects, and combination with other therapies for healthy aging and longevity extension. Given the promising results in pre-clinical models (even in the absence of T2D), a unique mechanism of action and multiple age-related reduced disease risks that have been reported with acarbose, support for clinical trials with acarbose focusing on aging-related outcomes and incorporating biological sex, age at treatment initiation, and T2D-dependence within the design is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rachael M Orlandella
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Wang X, Xu T, Liu R, Wu G, Gu L, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Fu H, Ling Y, Wei X, Luo Y, Shen J, Zhao L, Peng Y, Zhang C, Ding X. High-Fiber Diet or Combined With Acarbose Alleviates Heterogeneous Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:806331. [PMID: 35185786 PMCID: PMC8847200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.806331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with high heterogeneity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, studies about gut microbiota targeted clinical intervention in PCOS are limited. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-fiber diet or combined with acarbose on the clinical phenotypes of PCOS, focusing on the possible influence of gut microbiota in this process. METHODS Twenty-five patients with PCOS were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, W group (n = 14) received the WTP diet (a high-fiber diet composed of whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics), and A group (n = 11) received the WTP diet combined with acarbose. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. The sex hormonal and glycolipid metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors, brain-gut peptides, and alteration of gut microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS The PCOS clinical phenotypes, inflammatory state, and brain-gut peptides secretion were all alleviated in both groups, while the hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and brain-gut peptides secretion were better improved in the A group. Alpha and beta diversities were altered more significantly in the A group. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were clustered into 14 co-abundant groups (CAGs) as potential functional groups that may respond to the intervention. The CAGs predominantly comprised of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were more enriched, while the CAGs predominantly comprised of Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes, Blautia, Lachnospira, and Roseburia were more inhibited in the A group than in W group. Moreover, the CAGs enriched in the A group had a stronger negative correlation with the luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, testosterone, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), α-1-acid glycoprotein (α-AGP), and leptin, and positive correlation with adiponectin and spexin, while the CAGs inhibited showed an opposite trend. CONCLUSIONS High-fiber diet could alleviate the chronic metabolic inflammation, reproductive function, and brain-gut peptides secretion of patients with PCOS, and high-fiber diet combined with acarbose could better improve the PCOS clinical phenotypes. The remodeling of gut microbiota by our intervention may play an important role in these improvements. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4500, ChiCTR-TRC-14005075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchen Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Herrera JJ, Louzon S, Pifer K, Leander D, Merrihew GE, Park JH, Szczesniak K, Whitson J, Wilkinson JE, Fiehn O, MacCoss MJ, Day SM, Miller RA, Garratt M. Acarbose has sex-dependent and -independent effects on age-related physical function, cardiac health, and lipid biology. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137474. [PMID: 32990683 PMCID: PMC7710286 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With an expanding aging population burdened with comorbidities, there is considerable interest in treatments that optimize health in later life. Acarbose (ACA), a drug used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can extend mouse life span with greater effect in males than in females. Using a genetically heterogeneous mouse model, we tested the ability of ACA to ameliorate functional, pathological, and biochemical changes that occur during aging, and we determined which of the effects of age and drug were sex dependent. In both sexes, ACA prevented age-dependent loss of body mass, in addition to improving balance/coordination on an accelerating rotarod, rotarod endurance, and grip strength test. Age-related cardiac hypertrophy was seen only in male mice, and this male-specific aging effect was attenuated by ACA. ACA-sensitive cardiac changes were associated with reduced activation of cardiac growth-promoting pathways and increased abundance of peroxisomal proteins involved in lipid metabolism. ACA further ameliorated age-associated changes in cardiac lipid species, particularly lysophospholipids - changes that have previously been associated with aging, cardiac dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease in humans. In the liver, ACA had pronounced effects on lipid handling in both sexes, reducing hepatic lipidosis during aging and shifting the liver lipidome in adulthood, particularly favoring reduced triglyceride (TAG) accumulation. Our results demonstrate that ACA, already in clinical use for T2DM, has broad-ranging antiaging effects in multiple tissues, and it may have the potential to increase physical function and alter lipid biology to preserve or improve health at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Herrera
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean Louzon
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pifer
- Department of Pathology, UM Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Danielle Leander
- Department of Pathology, UM Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Kate Szczesniak
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy Whitson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Department of Pathology, UM, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Sharlene M Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, UM Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,UM Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology, UM Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Nguyen T, Gong M, Wen S, Yuan X, Wang C, Jin J, Zhou L. The Mechanism of Metabolic Influences on the Endogenous GLP-1 by Oral Antidiabetic Medications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4727390. [PMID: 32656265 PMCID: PMC7320283 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4727390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretin-based therapy is now a prevalent treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been associated with considerably good results in the management of hyperglycemia with cardiac or nephron-benefits. For this reason, it is recommended for individuals with cardiovascular diseases in many clinical guidelines. As an incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) possesses multiple metabolic benefits such as optimizing energy usage, maintaining body weight, β cell preservation, and suppressing neurodegeneration. However, recent studies indicate that oral antidiabetic medications interact with endogenous or exogenous GLP-1. Since these drugs are transported to distal intestine portions, there are concerns whether these oral drugs directly stimulate intestinal L cells which release GLP-1, or whether they do so via indirect inhibition of the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). In this review, we discuss the metabolic relationships between oral antihyperglycemic drugs from the aspect of gut, microbiota, hormones, β cell function, central nervous system, and other cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiquynhnga Nguyen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xinlu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Chaoxun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Jianlan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
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17
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Yaribeygi H, Ashrafizadeh M, Henney NC, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Neuromodulatory effects of anti-diabetes medications: A mechanistic review. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104611. [PMID: 31863868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a potent upstream event in the molecular pathophysiology which gives rise to various diabetes-related complications. There are several classes of anti-diabetic medications that have been developed to normalize blood glucose concentrations through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Beyond glucose-lowering effects, these agents may also provide further therapeutic potential. For instance, there is a high incidence of diabetes-induced neuronal disorders among patients with diabetes, who may also develop neurodegenerative and psychological complications. If anti-diabetic agents can modify the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of neuronal comorbidities, this could potentially be translated to reducing the risk of other neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, memory deficits and cognition impairments among patients with diabetes. This review aimed to shed light on some of the potentially beneficial aspects of anti-diabetic agents in lowering the risk or treating neuronal disorders by reviewing the molecular mechanisms by which these agents can potentially modulate neuronal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neil C Henney
- Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Lin YC, Chen YC, Hsiao HP, Kuo CH, Chen BH, Chen YT, Wang SL, Tsai ML, Hung CH. The effects of acarbose on chemokine and cytokine production in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:179-187. [PMID: 30827017 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic inflammation induced by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines is postulated to be involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Acarbose, the α-glucosidase inhibitor, is an oral antidiabetic drug for T2DM. Acarbose suppresses inflammatory cytokine production in patients with T2DM, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the exact mechanisms of acarbose in human monocytic THP-1 cells. METHODS THP-1 cells were pretreated with acarbose and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of Th1-related chemokines, including interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Th2-related chemokine macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular signaling pathways were explored by Western blot analysis and using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Acarbose suppressed the levels of IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, and TNF-α and downregulated phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor-kappa B-p65 (NF-κB-p65) in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Acarbose suppressed LPS-induced acetylation of histones H3 (H3) and H4 in the IP-10 and MCP-1 promoter regions. These findings revealed the suppressive effects of acarbose on IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, and TNF-α production in THP-1 cells via, at least partially, the p38, JNK, ERK, and NF-κB-p65 pathways, as well as through epigenetic regulation via histone H3 and H4 acetylation. CONCLUSION Our study points to the therapeutic anti-inflammatory potential of acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shihchuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shihchuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, No.482, Shanming Road, Siaogang District, Kaohsiung City, 812, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Pin Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hung Kuo
- Ta-Kuo Clinic, No.69, Ziqiang 2nd Road, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung City, 144, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No.68, Jhonghua 3rd Road, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung City, 145, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shihchuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shihchuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shihchuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, No.482, Shanming Road, Siaogang District, Kaohsiung City, 812, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shihchuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M. Autophagy-induced degradation of Notch1, achieved through intermittent fasting, may promote beta cell neogenesis: implications for reversal of type 2 diabetes. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001028. [PMID: 31218007 PMCID: PMC6546199 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wang N, Zhang JP, Xing XY, Yang ZJ, Zhang B, Wang X, Yang WY. MARCH: factors associated with weight loss in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes treated with acarbose or metformin. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:309-320. [PMID: 30899282 PMCID: PMC6425198 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.75255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this secondary analysis of the Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycaemic treatment (MARCH) trial, we evaluated what demographic and clinical factors were associated with reduction in weight. We also assessed the effects of acarbose and metformin treatment on weight reduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the demographic and clinical laboratory values from the 784 patients with type 2 diabetes of the MARCH study who were treated for 48 weeks with acarbose or metformin. We determined the association of the different parameters with a weight reduction of ≥ 2 kg in patients using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS In patients treated with acarbose, males were less likely than females to lose ≥ 2 kg of weight (p = 0.025). Higher baseline HbA1c levels and lower decreases from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels after 48 weeks of treatment were negatively associated with losing ≥ 2 kg of weight (both, p < 0.05). Higher baseline glucagon AUC was also positively associated with reducing weight by ≥ 2 kg (p = 0.010). In patients treated with metformin, change from baseline in whole body insulin sensitivity increased the odds of having a weight reduction of ≥ 2 kg (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS This study found that for both acarbose and metformin, control of FPG significantly impacted weight loss. Baseline AUC for glucagon in patients treated with acarbose and an increase of whole body insulin sensitivity after 48 weeks of treatment with metformin were important factors for weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Inhibitory effect of phloroglucinol on α-glucosidase: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation integration study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:771-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M, OKeefe J. Association of moderately elevated trimethylamine N-oxide with cardiovascular risk: is TMAO serving as a marker for hepatic insulin resistance. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000890. [PMID: 30997120 PMCID: PMC6443140 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James OKeefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Covasa M, Stephens RW, Toderean R, Cobuz C. Intestinal Sensing by Gut Microbiota: Targeting Gut Peptides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30837951 PMCID: PMC6390476 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 2 billion overweight and obese individuals worldwide, surpassing for the first time, the number of people affected by undernutrition. Obesity and its comorbidities inflict a heavy burden on the global economies and have become a serious threat to individuals' wellbeing with no immediate cure available. The causes of obesity are manifold, involving several factors including physiological, metabolic, neural, psychosocial, economic, genetics and the environment, among others. Recent advances in genome sequencing and metagenomic profiling have added another dimension to this complexity by implicating the gut microbiota as an important player in energy regulation and the development of obesity. As such, accumulating evidence demonstrate the impact of the gut microbiota on body weight, adiposity, glucose, lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. This also includes the role of microbiota as a modulatory signal either directly or through its bioactive metabolites on intestinal lumen by releasing chemosensing factors known to have a major role in controlling food intake and regulating body weight. The importance of gut signaling by microbiota signaling is further highlighted by the presence of taste and nutrient receptors on the intestinal epithelium activated by the microbial degradation products as well as their role in release of peptides hormones controlling appetite and energy homeostasis. This review present evidence on how gut microbiota interacts with intestinal chemosensing and modulates the release and activity of gut peptides, particularly GLP-1 and PYY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mihai Covasa
| | - Richard W. Stephens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Roxana Toderean
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Claudiu Cobuz
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
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24
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Xu Y, Lee J, Park YD, Yang JM, Zheng J, Zhang Q. Molecular dynamics simulation integrating the inhibition kinetics of hydroxysafflor yellow A on α-glucosidase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:830-840. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jimin Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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25
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Zheng YC, He H, Wei X, Ge S, Lu YH. Comparison of Regulation Mechanisms of Five Mulberry Ingredients on Insulin Secretion under Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8763-8772. [PMID: 27802600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mulberry ingredients including 1-deoxynojrimycin (DNJ), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXY), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) on insulin secretion under oxidative stress were investigated. The results revealed that they had distinct effects on insulin secretion in H2O2-induced MIN 6 cells, especially DNJ, C3G, and C3R, while RES and OXY showed modest effects in low dose (12.5 μM). The mechanisms were demonstrated in signal pathway that after treatment with DNJ, C3G, and C3R, the expressions of glucokinase (GK) were up-regulated, leading to intracellular ATP accumulation and insulin secretion. They also bound to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), improved GLP-1R, duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) expression, and stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, ROS production was inhibited, followed by a decreasing apoptosis rate, while RES and OXY accelerated the apoptosis at high dose (50 μM). This work expounded the potential mechanisms of mulberry ingredients on insulin secretion, indicating the potential application in the intervention against hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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26
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Brewer RA, Gibbs VK, Smith DL. Targeting glucose metabolism for healthy aging. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2016; 4:31-46. [PMID: 28035340 PMCID: PMC5166514 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is the greatest single risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Thus, the ability to target the aging process can facilitate improved healthspan and potentially lifespan. Lack of adequate glucoregulatory control remains a recurrent theme accompanying aging and chronic disease, while numerous longevity interventions result in maintenance of glucoregulatory control. In this review, we propose targeting glucose metabolism to enhance regulatory control as a means to ameliorate the aging process. We highlight that calorie restriction improves glucoregulatory control and extends both lifespan and healthspan in model organisms, but we also indicate more practical interventions (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics) are desirable for clinical application in humans. Of the calorie restriction mimetics being investigated, we focus on the type 2 diabetes drug acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor that when taken with a meal, results in reduced enzymatic degradation and absorption of glucose from complex carbohydrates. We discuss alternatives to acarbose that yield similar physiologic effects and describe dietary sources (e.g., sweet potatoes, legumes, and berries) of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. We indicate future research should include exploration of how non-caloric compounds like α-glucosidase inhibitors modify macronutrient metabolism prior to disease onset, which may guide nutritional/lifestyle interventions to support health and reduce age-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Brewer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victoria K. Gibbs
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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27
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Gushiken LF, Beserra FP, Rozza AL, Bérgamo PL, Bérgamo DA, Pellizzon CH. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Extracts from Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Effects. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:96-112. [PMID: 28012277 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and a leading cause of death in western countries. Despite advancements in the clinical management of the disease, it is not possible to control the late complications of diabetes. The main characteristic feature of diabetes is hyperglycemia, which reflects the deterioration in the use of glucose due to a faulty or poor response to insulin secretion. Alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ) are the chemical tools that are most commonly used to study the disease in rodents. Many plant species have been used in ethnopharmacology or to treat experimentally symptoms of this disease. When evaluated pharmacologically, most of the plants employed as antidiabetic substances have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities, and to contain chemical constituents that may be used as new antidiabetic agents. There are many substances extracted from plants that offer antidiabetic potential, whereas others may result in hypoglycemia as a side effect due to their toxicity, particularly their hepatotoxicity. In this article we present an updated overview of the studies on extracts from medicinal plants, relating the mechanisms of action by which these substances act and the natural principles of antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Gushiken
- Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Beserra
- Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane L Rozza
- Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia L Bérgamo
- Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo A Bérgamo
- Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia H Pellizzon
- Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil
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Klement RJ, Fink MK. Dietary and pharmacological modification of the insulin/IGF-1 system: exploiting the full repertoire against cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e193. [PMID: 26878387 PMCID: PMC5154349 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As more and more links between cancer and metabolism are discovered, new approaches to treat cancer using these mechanisms are considered. Dietary restriction of either calories or macronutrients has shown great potential in animal studies to both reduce the incidence and growth of cancer, and to act synergistically with other treatment strategies. These studies have also shown that dietary restriction simultaneously targets many of the molecular pathways that are targeted individually by anticancer drugs. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system has thereby emerged as a key regulator of cancer growth pathways. Although lowering of insulin levels with diet or drugs such as metformin and diazoxide seems generally beneficial, some practitioners also utilize strategic elevations of insulin levels in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. This indicates a broad spectrum of possibilities for modulating the insulin/IGF-1 system in cancer treatment. With a specific focus on dietary restriction, insulin administration and the insulin-lowering drug diazoxide, such modifications of the insulin/IGF-1 system are the topic of this review. Although preclinical data are promising, we point out that insulin regulation and the metabolic response to a certain diet often differ between mice and humans. Thus, the need for collecting more human data has to be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Klement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - M K Fink
- Onkologische Praxis, Fürth, Germany
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29
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Savignac HM, Couch Y, Stratford M, Bannerman DM, Tzortzis G, Anthony DC, Burnet PW. Prebiotic administration normalizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and cortical 5-HT2A receptor and IL1-β levels in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 52:120-131. [PMID: 26476141 PMCID: PMC4927692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of the enteric microbiota with specific prebiotics and probiotics, has been shown to reduce the host's inflammatory response, alter brain chemistry, and modulate anxiety behaviour in both rodents and humans. However, the neuro-immune and behavioural effects of prebiotics on sickness behaviour have not been explored. Here, adult male CD1 mice were fed with a specific mix of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides (Bimuno®, BGOS) for 3 weeks, before receiving a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces sickness behaviour and anxiety. Locomotor and marble burying activities were assessed 4h after LPS injection, and after 24h, anxiety in the light-dark box was assessed. Cytokine expression, and key components of the serotonergic (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and glutamatergic system were evaluated in the frontal cortex to determine the impact of BGOS administration at a molecular level. BGOS-fed mice were less anxious in the light-dark box compared to controls 24h after the LPS injection. Elevated cortical IL-1β concentrations in control mice 28 h after LPS were not observed in BGOS-fed animals. This significant BGOS×LPS interaction was also observed for 5HT2A receptors, but not for 5HT1A receptors, 5HT, 5HIAA, NMDA receptor subunits, or other cytokines. The intake of BGOS did not influence LPS-mediated reductions in marble burying behaviour, and its effect on locomotor activity was equivocal. Together, our data show that the prebiotic BGOS has an anxiolytic effect, which may be related to the modulation of cortical IL-1β and 5-HT2A receptor expression. Our data suggest a potential role for prebiotics in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders where anxiety and neuroinflammation are prominent clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, UK
| | - Michael Stratford
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - David M. Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, UK
| | | | | | - Philip W.J. Burnet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK,Corresponding author at: Neurosciences Building, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.Neurosciences BuildingDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordWarneford HospitalOxfordOX3 7JXUK
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30
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Górriz JL, Nieto J, Navarro-González JF, Molina P, Martínez-Castelao A, Pallardó LM. Nephroprotection by Hypoglycemic Agents: Do We Have Supporting Data? J Clin Med 2015; 4:1866-89. [PMID: 26512703 PMCID: PMC4626660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapy directed at delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy includes intensive glycemic and optimal blood pressure control, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and multifactorial intervention. However, the renal protection provided by these therapeutic modalities is incomplete. There is a scarcity of studies analysing the nephroprotective effect of antihyperglycaemic drugs beyond their glucose lowering effect and improved glycaemic control on the prevention and progression of diabetic nephropathy. This article analyzes the exisiting data about older and newer drugs as well as the mechanisms associated with hypoglycemic drugs, apart from their well known blood glucose lowering effect, in the prevention and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Most of them have been tested in humans, but with varying degrees of success. Although experimental data about most of antihyperglycemic drugs has shown a beneficial effect in kidney parameters, there is a lack of clinical trials that clearly prove these beneficial effects. The key question, however, is whether antihyperglycemic drugs are able to improve renal end-points beyond their antihyperglycemic effect. Existing experimental data are post hoc studies from clinical trials, and supportive of the potential renal-protective role of some of them, especially in the cases of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Dedicated and adequately powered renal trials with renal outcomes are neccessary to assess the nephrotection of antihyperglycaemic drugs beyond the control of hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Górriz
- Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain.
- GEENDIAB, Diabetic Nephropathy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Spain.
- Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Javier Nieto
- Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
- GEENDIAB, Diabetic Nephropathy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Spain.
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Hospital Universitario N S Candelaria, Tenerife 38010, Spain.
- GEENDIAB, Diabetic Nephropathy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Spain.
- Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Pablo Molina
- Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martínez-Castelao
- Hospital Universitario Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona 08907, Spain.
- GEENDIAB, Diabetic Nephropathy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Spain.
- Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Luis M Pallardó
- Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain.
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