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Shobowale O, Schmidt AJ, Meireles P, Rojas Castro D, Detandt S, Stutterheim SE, Weatherburn P, Jonas KJ. Determinants of HIV Testing Among Migrant Men Who Have Sex With Men from Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Regions Residing in 10 European Countries. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:488-506. [PMID: 38326669 PMCID: PMC10876736 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Migrant men who have sex with men (mMSM) from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other regions outside Europe are highly vulnerable to HIV. However, research on the determinants of HIV testing among mMSM from SSA, and how these differ across the categories of mMSM living in Europe, is limited. Using data from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2017), we assessed HIV testing prevalence and recency in mMSM from SSA and other mMSM residing in ten European countries, as well as the determinants of HIV testing across different mMSM categories with logistic regression analyses. Ever-testing for HIV was slightly higher in mMSM from SSA (83%) compared to other mMSM categories (75-80%), except for mMSM from Latin America and Caribbean region (84%). Overall, 20% of mMSM had never tested. In multivariable analysis, higher age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.10), higher HIV knowledge (AOR 1.45, 95%-CI 1.11-1.90), and residence in smaller settlements (AOR 0.45, 95%-CI 0.21-0.96) were significantly associated with ever testing for HIV in mMSM from SSA. Comparing mMSM from SSA to mMSM from other regions, we found varying significant similarities (higher age, residence in smaller settlements and HIV knowledge) and differences (lower educational attainment, not identifying as gay, being a student, and limited disclosure of homosexual attraction) in the determinants of ever-testing for HIV. Community-specific interventions addressing identified sociodemographic and behavioral determinants to increase HIV testing uptake in the different mMSM categories and better data for further research are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Shobowale
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Axel J Schmidt
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Sigma Research, London, UK
| | - Paula Meireles
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sandrine Detandt
- Faculty of Psychology, Observatoire du Sida et des Sexualités Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah E Stutterheim
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Weatherburn
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Sigma Research, London, UK
| | - Kai J Jonas
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Heng V, Zigmond M, Smeyne RJ. Neuroanatomical and neurochemical effects of prolonged social isolation in adult mice. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1190291. [PMID: 37662476 PMCID: PMC10471319 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1190291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As social animals, our health depends in part on interactions with other human beings. Yet millions suffer from chronic social isolation, including those in nursing/assisted living facilities, people experiencing chronic loneliness as well as those in enforced isolation within our criminal justice system. While many historical studies have examined the effects of early isolation on the brain, few have examined its effects when this condition begins in adulthood. Here, we developed a model of adult isolation using mice (C57BL/6J) born and raised in an enriched environment. Methods From birth until 4 months of age C57BL/6J mice were raised in an enriched environment and then maintained in that environment or moved to social isolation for 1 or 3 months. We then examined neuronal structure and catecholamine and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels from different regions of the brain, comparing animals from social isolation to enriched environment controls. Results We found significant changes in neuronal volume, dendritic length, neuronal complexity, and spine density that were dependent on brain region, sex, and duration of the isolation. Isolation also altered dopamine in the striatum and serotonin levels in the forebrain in a sex-dependent manner, and also reduced levels of BDNF in the motor cortex and hippocampus of male but not female mice. Conclusion These studies show that isolation that begins in adulthood imparts a significant change on the homeostasis of brain structure and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibol Heng
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Zigmond
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard Jay Smeyne
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Zablocki-Thomas PB, Rogers FD, Bales KL. Neuroimaging of human and non-human animal emotion and affect in the context of social relationships. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:994504. [PMID: 36338883 PMCID: PMC9633678 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.994504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term relationships are essential for the psychological wellbeing of humans and many animals. Positive emotions and affective experiences (e.g., romantic or platonic love) seem to be closely related to the creation and maintenance of social bonds. When relationships are threatened or terminated, other emotions generally considered to be negative can arise (e.g., jealousy or loneliness). Because humans and animals share (to varying degrees) common evolutionary histories, researchers have attempted to explain the evolution of affect and emotion through the comparative approach. Now brain imaging techniques allow the comparison of the neurobiological substrates of affective states and emotion in human and animal brains using a common methodology. Here, we review brain imaging studies that feature emotions characterized by the context of social bonding. We compare imaging findings associated with affective and emotional states elicited by similar social situations between humans and animal models. We also highlight the role of key neurohormones (i.e., oxytocin, vasopressin, and dopamine) that jointly support the occurrence of socially contextualized emotions and affect across species. In doing so, we seek to explore and clarify if and how humans and animals might similarly experience social emotion and affect in the context of social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Forrest D. Rogers
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Psychology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen L. Bales
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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4
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Shuo Z, Xuyang D, Xin Z, Xuebin C, Jie H. The Relationship Between Postgraduates' Emotional Intelligence and Well-Being: The Chain Mediating Effect of Social Support and Psychological Resilience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:865025. [PMID: 35800930 PMCID: PMC9255643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postgraduates usually face more life challenges than undergraduate students, including social, emotional and financial issues, and the prevalence of mental health problems in postgraduates is higher than undergraduates. Therefore, the attention on postgraduates' mental health status is needed. Objectives The current study explored the relationship between postgraduates' emotional intelligence and well-being by investigating the mediating effects of social support and psychological resilience and the relationship between them through the construction of a chain mediation model. Method 1,228 postgraduates completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Social Support Rate Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Subject Well-being Scale. Results There is a chain effect between postgraduates' social support and psychological resilience mediated by their emotional intelligence and well-being, with a total effect value of 0.049. Conclusion Emotional intelligence has a predictive effect on postgraduates' well-being. The mechanism of this effect includes the indirect effects of social support and psychological resilience. Study results revealed the relationship mechanism between emotional intelligence and postgraduates' well-being, and provide reference for explorations of how to development postgraduates' emotional intelligence and further improving their abilities to strengthen their emotional resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Shuo
- Center of Mental Health Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Deng Xuyang
- Center of Mental Health Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Xin
- College of Educational Sciences, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cai Xuebin
- College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hou Jie
- College of Educational Sciences, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Rea JNM, Broczek KM, Cevenini E, Celani L, Rea SAJ, Sikora E, Franceschi C, Fortunati V, Rea IM. Insights Into Sibling Relationships and Longevity From Genetics of Healthy Ageing Nonagenarians: The Importance of Optimisation, Resilience and Social Networks. Front Psychol 2022; 13:722286. [PMID: 35602748 PMCID: PMC9121911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.722286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how to “Age Longer and Age Well” is a priority for people personally, for populations and for government policy. Approximately ten percent of nonagenarians reach 90 years and beyond in good condition and seem to have a combination of both age-span and health-span. However, the factors which contribute to human longevity remain challenging. Culture is a shared system of learning ideas, feelings, and survival strategies. It has a strong influence on each person’s psychological development, behavior, values and beliefs. Nonagenarians have rich life experiences that can teach us much about aging well; they are rich reservoirs of genetic, lifestyle and psychological information which can help understanding about how to live longer and better. Sibling or trio nonagenarians are important sources of family beliefs and behaviors upon which individual personalities may have been built. Their personal family histories and narratives are powerful tools that help to determine familial traits, beliefs and social behaviors which may help establish factors important in the siblings’ longevity. Using purposefully selected subjects, recruited to the Genetics of Healthy Ageing (GeHA) project in four European countries, this research used the simple life story and qualitative research methods to analyze contrasting and distinctive questions about the interface between the psychological and social worlds as presented in the nonagenarian siblings’ insights about their longevity. Their stories aimed to give better understanding about which psychological aspects of their common life journey and the degree of emotional support in their sibling relationships may have supported their paths to longevity. The most universal finding in each of the four European countries was that nonagenarians demonstrated high positivity, resilience and coping skills and were supported in social networks. Around this theme, nonagenarians reported “being happy,” “always cheerful,” “never melancholy” and having a contentment with a “rich life” and family relationships which fits with accumulating evidence that life satisfaction comes from a perceived self-efficacy and optimism. Most sibling relationships in this study, when analyzed according to the Gold classification, fit the “congenial” or “loyal” relationship type – demonstrating a healthy respect for the others’ opinion without overt dependence, which may help individual coping and survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nicola M. Rea
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Cevenini
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Celani
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ewa Sikora
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vita Fortunati
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Irene Maeve Rea,
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6
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Lian J, Chen X, Su X, Si M, Dai Z, Fu J, Yu F, Mi G, Liu Y. HIV testing and related factors among 50 years and older MSM in China: results from a cross-sectional study. AIDS Care 2022; 35:608-613. [PMID: 35392734 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTHIV prevalence has increased continuously, and the age groups most afflicted by the epidemic have also shifted to people aged above 50 years. Informed by the theory of HBM, we aimed to investigate related factors associated with regular HIV testing behavior. Cross-sectional data were collected using online questionnaire from geosocial networking (GSN) mobile application (apps) for MSM during May 2020 (N = 1259). Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Around 62.0% (n = 781) had received HIV testing before. Participants being divorced/widowed (AOR = 1.5,95%CI:1.1-2.0), being aware of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge (AOR = 1.8,95%CI:1.4-2.3), having disclosed sexual orientation (AOR = 1.9,95%CI:1.5-2.5), ever had sexually transmitted infections symptoms (STIs)before (AOR = 2.4,95%CI:1.8-3.2), having had≥2 sexual partners (AOR = 1.8,95%CI:1.4-2.3) and with high self-efficacy (AOR = 1.1,95%CI:1.0-1.1) were more likely to receive HIV testing. Findings suggest that many Chinses MSM aged 50 and above have not been tested for HIV. Interventions for promoting HIV testing should focus on expanding scales of HIV/STIs screening, providing HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, creating a more supportive social environment and improving self-efficacy of HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lian
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Danlan Public Welfare, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Mi
- Danlan Public Welfare, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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7
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Stangl AL, Pliakas T, Izazola-Licea JA, Ayala G, Beattie TS, Ferguson L, Orza L, Mathur S, Pulerwitz J, Iovita A, Bendaud V. Removing the societal and legal impediments to the HIV response: An evidence-based framework for 2025 and beyond. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264249. [PMID: 35192663 PMCID: PMC8863250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Societal and legal impediments inhibit quality HIV prevention, care, treatment and support services and need to be removed. The political declaration adopted by UN member countries at the high-level meeting on HIV and AIDS in June 2021, included new societal enabler global targets for achievement by 2025 that will address this gap. Our paper describes how and why UNAIDS arrived at the societal enabler targets adopted. We conducted a scoping review and led a participatory process between January 2019 and June 2020 to develop an evidence-based framework for action, propose global societal enabler targets, and identify indicators for monitoring progress. A re-envisioned framework called the '3 S's of the HIV response: Society, Systems and Services' was defined. In the framework, societal enablers enhance the effectiveness of HIV programmes by removing impediments to service availability, access and uptake at the societal level, while service and system enablers improve efficiencies in and expand the reach of HIV services and systems. Investments in societal enabling approaches that remove legal barriers, shift harmful social and gender norms, reduce inequalities and improve institutional and community structures are needed to progressively realize four overarching societal enablers, the first three of which fall within the purview of the HIV sector: (i) societies with supportive legal environments and access to justice, (ii) gender equal societies, (iii) societies free from stigma and discrimination, and (iv) co-action across development sectors to reduce exclusion and poverty. Three top-line and 15 detailed targets were recommended for monitoring progress towards their achievement. The clear articulation of societal enablers in the re-envisioned framework should have a substantial impact on improving the effectiveness of core HIV programmes if implemented. Together with the new global targets, the framework will also galvanize advocacy to scale up societal enabling approaches with proven impact on HIV outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Stangl
- Hera Solutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Triantafyllos Pliakas
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Impact Epilysis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Ayala
- Alameda County Public Health Department, Oakland, CA, United States of America
- MPact Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Tara S. Beattie
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ferguson
- Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Luisa Orza
- Frontline AIDS, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sanyukta Mathur
- Population Council, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Julie Pulerwitz
- Population Council, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Victoria Bendaud
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Gallego N, Diaz A, Folch C, Meyer S, Vazquez M, Casabona J, Hernando V. Factors associated with low levels of HIV testing among young men who have sex with men (MSM) participating in EMIS-2017 in Spain. Sex Transm Infect 2022; 98:518-524. [PMID: 35121675 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The European Men who have sex with men Internet Survey looked over the characteristics and needs of men who have sex with men (MSM) across Europe. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV testing and its associated factors among MSM younger than 25 years old participating in the EMIS-2017 in Spain. METHODS Multivariable regression model was used to compare those who had been tested for HIV within the last 12 months and those that had not. RESULTS Of 2313 participants, 1070 (46.3%) had been tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Increased age (age 19-21 years, aOR=3.38 (95% CI 2.57 to 4.44); age 22-24 years, aOR=5.26 (4.06 to 6.92) compared with age 16-18 years); being migrant (Latin America: aOR=1.34 (0.98 to 1.84); Europe, North America and Mediterranean countries (aOR=1.56 (0.98 to 2.51) compared with those from Spain); living more openly with one's sexuality (out to some people (aOR=1.53 (1.19 to 1.96)); out to all or almost all people (aOR=2.24 (1.75 to 2.87) compared with those out to none or a few people); having had one condomless steady partners in the las year ((aOR=1.59 (1.26 to 2.02)); having had condomless non-steady partners in the last year (one: aOR=1.76 (1.35 to 2.29)); two or more partners: aOR=2.37 (1.84 to 3.04)); and having practised sex work in the past year (aOR=1.52 (1.07 to 2.13)) were associated with increased odds of HIV testing. Living in a smaller city was associated with less likelihood of HIV testing (<1 00 000 inhabitants: aOR=0.51 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.64); 100 000-500 000: aOR=0.68 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.86) compared with more than 500 000). CONCLUSION Young MSM showed low HIV testing rate. Future programming specifically targeting this population, especially those middle adolescents, living in a medium-small city and having less 'outness', can help increase HIV testing and prevent access barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gallego
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Master of Science in Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Asuncion Diaz
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Vazquez
- National AIDS Plan Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Hernando
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain .,CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Pilcher JJ, Dorsey LL, Galloway SM, Erikson DN. Social Isolation and Sleep: Manifestation During COVID-19 Quarantines. Front Psychol 2022; 12:810763. [PMID: 35082732 PMCID: PMC8784377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.810763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although researchers have investigated the impact of social isolation on well-being, the recent quarantines due to COVID-19 resulted in a social isolation environment that was unique to any examined in the past. Because sleep is one of the endogenous drives that impacts short and long-term health and well-being, it is important to consider how social isolation during the COVID-19 government-mandated quarantines affected sleep and sleep habits. A number of researchers have addressed this question during the last 2 years by examining several concepts related to possible changes in sleep during the quarantines. To best understand these recent results, the current mini review provides a background on the pre-pandemic literature on the effects of social isolation and loneliness with a focus on sleep and then summarizes the recent literature on sleep and sleep habits. In general, sleep was negatively impacted for many people during the pandemics but not all. One group that seemed to benefit from the pandemic in terms of sleep patterns, were younger people who could more easily adapt their sleep times to match their internal chronobiology. Given the potential broad impact of sleep on health and well-being, better understanding how social isolation impacts sleep is an important consideration for individuals, work organizations, and governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- June J. Pilcher
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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10
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Kim J, Yang JS, Youm Y, Kim DJ, Kim HC, Jung SJ. Association Between Social Network and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Assessment From the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center Cohort (2013-2018). Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:893290. [PMID: 35733804 PMCID: PMC9207251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate how social networks are associated with cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly Korean population. METHODS A total of 7,704 individuals over the age of 50 were included from the baseline recruitment of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort from the years 2013 to 2018. Egocentric social network characteristics including network size, intimacy, and frequency of face-to-face meetings were measured as exposures, and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was measured to reflect general cognitive function as an outcome. We also stratified the analysis by income level into tertiles, with income caps of 42,000 thousand won and 72,000 thousand won. A general linear regression model was used, adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, depressive symptoms, and study settings. RESULTS Social network properties were positively associated with cognitive function in both men and women. However, the specific estimates varied according to gender and income level. In men, frequency was most significantly associated with cognitive function (standardized β = 0.093, p-value <0 .0001). In women, the strength of the association with cognitive function was found in size (standardized β = 0.055, p-value = 0.001). The effect modification of income level could be seen in the association between frequency and cognitive function. The strongest association between frequency and cognitive function was found in the middle income group in men (standardized β = 0.114, p-value = 0.0063), and the low income group in women (standardized β = 0.076, p-value = 0.0039). CONCLUSION There were positive associations between social network properties (i.e., size, intimacy, and frequency of face-to-face meetings) and cognitive function. The degree of association varied according to social network properties, gender, and income level. Overall, among social network properties, social network size was an important factor in the cognition of women, whereas frequency was important in the cognition of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Su Yang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Liuzhou, China. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:46. [PMID: 34330300 PMCID: PMC8325278 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a key component of HIV combination prevention strategies and has the potential to decrease the incidence of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to evaluate levels of PrEP acceptability and explore factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among MSM in Liuzhou, China. METHODS Between November 2017 and May 2019, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 829 MSM. The study participants were recruited through a nonprobability sampling method. The participants' demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, sexual behaviors, drug use and HIV test history were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with willingness to use PrEP. RESULTS A total of 829 MSM completed the survey, and 30.28% (95% CI 27.3-33.4) were willing to use PrEP. In multivariate logistic regression, factors associated with a higher willingness to use PrEP included Zhuang or Han ethnic origin, recruitment through peer introduction or gay venues, pursuit of a higher education level, previous HIV testing and oral sex with a man. Conversely, having casual sex in the past 6 months was associated with a lower willingness to use PrEP. CONCLUSIONS MSM in Liuzhou reported a relatively low level of willingness to use PrEP. The results indicate the need for effective education, targeted intervention, and implementation strategies to promote PrEP acceptance among MSM.
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Slurink IA, Götz HM, van Aar F, van Benthem BH. Educational level and risk of sexually transmitted infections among clients of Dutch sexual health centres. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 32:1004-1013. [PMID: 33993803 DOI: 10.1177/09564624211013670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether educational level is an independent determinant for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among clients consulting Dutch sexual health centres (SHCs). With data from the National STI surveillance database (2015-2017), generalized estimating equations corrected for (sexual) risk factors were used to estimate associations between educational level and chlamydia and gonorrhoea among women (n = 146,020), heterosexual men (n = 82,882) and men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 52,149) and syphilis and HIV among MSM. Compared to the highest educational level (bachelor/master), all lower educational levels were associated with gonorrhoea among women (adjusted odds ratio 1.40; 95% CI 1.18-1.66 for higher general/pre-university level to 3.57; 95% CI 2.66-4.81 for no education/elementary school level) and heterosexual men (respectively 1.36; 1.06-1.74 to 3.84; 2.89-5.09). Women with no education/elementary school level (1.37; 1.17-1.62) and heterosexual clients with (pre-)vocational secondary educational level were more likely to test positive for chlamydia (women: 1.43; 1.39-1.48 and heterosexual men: 1.31; 1.26-1.37) than clients with higher general/pre-university level or bachelor/master level. In MSM, (pre-)vocational secondary educational level was associated with chlamydia (1.16; 1.11-1.22), gonorrhoea (1.15; 1.10-1.21) and syphilis (1.18; 1.08-1.29), and both (pre-)vocational secondary educational level (1.48; 1.25-1.76) and no education/elementary school level (1.81; 1.09-3.00) were associated with HIV. Lower educational levels were independent determinants of STI in SHC clients. Sexual health centres could facilitate STI testing and care among lower educated people by prioritizing their access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Al Slurink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 10206National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,CoRPS, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, 7899Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelore M Götz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 10206National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, 6993Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur van Aar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 10206National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Hb van Benthem
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 10206National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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