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Alif SM, Benke G. Unveiling the occupational hazards: exploring the association between organic dust exposure and hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other interstitial lung diseases. Thorax 2024:thorax-2024-221864. [PMID: 38950924 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2024-221864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh M Alif
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Jestin-Guyon N, Raherison-Semjen C. [Pesticide exposure and chronic respiratory diseases]. Rev Mal Respir 2024; 41:343-371. [PMID: 38594123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pesticides are used worldwide, mainly in agriculture as a means of controlling pests and protecting crops. That said, the entire world population is ultimately subject to pesticide exposure (consumption of fruits and vegetables, living near treated fields…), with varying degrees of toxicity involved. STATE OF THE ART In recent decades, epidemiological studies have contributed to the identification of chemical pesticide families with detrimental effects on human health: cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease, prostate cancer… and impairment in respiratory functioning. Current scientific evidence points to the implication of the active substances in insecticides, herbicides and fungicides in chronic respiratory diseases, two examples being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in exposed workers, and asthmatic wheezing in children during prenatal or postnatal exposure. PERSPECTIVES The safety of individuals exposed to pesticides is of key importance in public health. Further epidemiological investigations are needed to identify the chemical families affecting certain populations. CONCLUSIONS The scientific literature suggests strong links between pesticide exposure and respiratory health. Whether it be environmental or occupational, pesticide exposure can lead to respiratory disorders and symptoms of varying severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jestin-Guyon
- UMR1219 Bordeaux Population Health Centre de Recherche, ISPED, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - C Raherison-Semjen
- UMR1219 Bordeaux Population Health Centre de Recherche, ISPED, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre hospitalier universitaire de la Guadeloupe, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
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Zhang J, Wurzel DF, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Walters EH, Dharmage SC. Chronic Bronchitis in Children and Adults: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2413. [PMID: 38673686 PMCID: PMC11051495 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex nature of chronic bronchitis (CB) and changing definitions have contributed to challenges in understanding its aetiology and burden. In children, CB is characterised by persistent airway inflammation often linked to bacterial infections and is therefore termed "protracted bacterial bronchitis" (PBB). Longitudinal studies suggest that CB in childhood persists into adulthood in a subgroup. It can also be associated with future chronic respiratory diseases including asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adult CB is traditionally associated with smoking, occupational exposures, and lower socioeconomic status. The interplay between risk factors, childhood CB, adult CB, and other chronic respiratory diseases is intricate, requiring comprehensive longitudinal studies for a clearer understanding of the natural history of CB across the lifespan. Such longitudinal studies have been scarce to date given the logistic challenges of maintaining them over time. In this review, we summarise current evidence on the evolution of the definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, and consequences of childhood and adulthood chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (J.Z.); (D.F.W.); (J.L.P.); (C.J.L.); (E.H.W.)
| | - Danielle F. Wurzel
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (J.Z.); (D.F.W.); (J.L.P.); (C.J.L.); (E.H.W.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (J.Z.); (D.F.W.); (J.L.P.); (C.J.L.); (E.H.W.)
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Caroline J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (J.Z.); (D.F.W.); (J.L.P.); (C.J.L.); (E.H.W.)
| | - E. Haydn Walters
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (J.Z.); (D.F.W.); (J.L.P.); (C.J.L.); (E.H.W.)
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (J.Z.); (D.F.W.); (J.L.P.); (C.J.L.); (E.H.W.)
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Sritharan J, Arrandale VH, Kirkham TL, Dakouo M, MacLeod JS, Demers PA. Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a large cohort of Ontario, Canada workers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8756. [PMID: 38627517 PMCID: PMC11021393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several occupational exposures have been linked to the risk of COPD; limited data exists on sex-specific differences. This study aimed to identify at-risk occupations and sex differences for COPD risk. Cases were identified in a large surveillance system established through the linkage of former compensation claimants' data (non-COPD claims) to physician visits, ambulatory care data, and hospital inpatient data (1983-2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for occupation groups (occupation at time of claim), stratified by sex. HRs were indirectly adjusted for cigarette smoking using another population dataset. A total of 29,445 male and 14,693 female incident cases of COPD were identified. Increased risks were observed in both sexes for construction (HRmale 1.15, 95% CI 1.12-1.19; HRfemale 1.54, 95% CI 1.29-1.83) transport/equipment operating (HRmale 1.32, 95% CI 1.28-1.37; HRfemale 1.53, 95% CI 1.40-1.68) farming (HRmale 1.23, 95% CI 1.15-1.32; HRfemale 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.37) and janitors/cleaners (HRmale 1.31, 95% CI 1.24-1.37; HRfemale 1.40, 95% CI 1.31-1.49). Increased risks were observed for females employed as chefs and cooks (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.31-1.58), bartenders (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.81), and those working in food/beverage preparation (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.45) among other occupations. This study demonstrates elevated risk of COPD among both male and female workers potentially exposed to vapours, gases, dusts, and fumes, highlighting the need for occupational surveillance of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeavana Sritharan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Victoria H Arrandale
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tracy L Kirkham
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Jill S MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ma P, Gao H, Shen N, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Xu B, Qin J, He J, Xu T, Li Y, Wu J, Yuan Y, Xue B. Association of urinary chlorpyrifos, paraquat, and cyproconazole levels with the severity of fatty liver based on MRI. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:807. [PMID: 38486191 PMCID: PMC10941454 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to detect the urinary levels of chlorpyrifos, paraquat, and cyproconazole in residents living in Fuyang City and to analyze the correlation between these urinary pesticides levels and the severity of fatty liver disease (FLD). METHODS All participants' fat fraction (FF) values were recorded by MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging). First-morning urine samples were collected from 53 participants from Fuyang Peoples'Hospital. The levels of three urinary pesticides were measured using β-glucuronidase hydrolysis followed by a. The results were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis to reveal the correlation between three urinary pesticides and the severity of fatty liver. RESULTS 53 individuals were divided into 3 groups based on the results from MRI, with 20 cases in the normal control group, 16 cases in the mild fatty liver group, and 17 cases in the moderate and severe fatty liver group. Urinary chlorpyrifos level was increased along with the increase of the severity of fatty liver. Urinary paraquat level was significantly higher both in the low-grade fatty liver group and moderate & serve grade fatty liver group compared with the control group. No significant differences in urinary cyproconazole levels were observed among the three groups. Furthermore, urinary chlorpyrifos and paraquat levels were positively correlated with FF value. And chlorpyrifos was the risk factor that may be involved in the development of FLD and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis showed that chlorpyrifos and paraquat may serve as potential predictors of FLD. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate urinary chlorpyrifos and paraquat were positively correlated with the severity of fatty liver. Moreover, urinary chlorpyrifos and paraquat have the potential to be considered as the predictors for development of FLD. Thus, this study may provide a new perspective from the environmental factors for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Ma
- Medical imaging center, Fuyang People's Hospital, 236000, Fuyang, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Core Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sir Run Run Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Ning Shen
- China Exposomics Institute (CEI) Precision Medicine Co. Ltd, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medical imaging center, Fuyang People's Hospital, 236000, Fuyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Medical imaging center, Fuyang People's Hospital, 236000, Fuyang, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Boqun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 211100, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Core Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sir Run Run Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Core Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sir Run Run Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Core Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sir Run Run Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yushan Yuan
- Medical imaging center, Fuyang People's Hospital, 236000, Fuyang, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 213003, Changzhou, China.
- Core Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sir Run Run Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
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Marchant JM, Chang AB, Kennedy E, King D, Perret JL, Schultz A, Toombs MR, Versteegh L, Dharmage SC, Dingle R, Fitzerlakey N, George J, Holland A, Rigby D, Mann J, Mazzone S, O'Brien M, O'Grady KA, Petsky HL, Pham J, Smith SM, Wurzel DF, Vertigan AE, Wark P. Cough in Children and Adults: Diagnosis, Assessment and Management (CICADA). Summary of an updated position statement on chronic cough in Australia. Med J Aust 2024; 220:35-45. [PMID: 37982357 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cough is the most common symptom leading to medical consultation. Chronic cough results in significant health care costs, impairs quality of life, and may indicate the presence of a serious underlying condition. Here, we present a summary of an updated position statement on cough management in the clinical consultation. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS Assessment of children and adults requires a focused history of chronic cough to identify any red flag cough pointers that may indicate an underlying disease. Further assessment with examination should include a chest x-ray and spirometry (when age > 6 years). Separate paediatric and adult diagnostic management algorithms should be followed. Management of the underlying condition(s) should follow specific disease guidelines, as well as address adverse environmental exposures and patient/carer concerns. First Nations adults and children should be considered a high risk group. The full statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and Lung Foundation Australia for managing chronic cough is available at https://lungfoundation.com.au/resources/cicada-full-position-statement. CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AS A RESULT OF THIS STATEMENT Algorithms for assessment and diagnosis of adult and paediatric chronic cough are recommended. High quality evidence supports the use of child-specific chronic cough management algorithms to improve clinical outcomes, but none exist in adults. Red flags that indicate serious underlying conditions requiring investigation or referral should be identified. Early and effective treatment of chronic wet/productive cough in children is critical. Culturally specific strategies for facilitating the management of chronic cough in First Nations populations should be adopted. If the chronic cough does not resolve or is unexplained, the patient should be referred to a respiratory specialist or cough clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Marchant
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT
| | - Emma Kennedy
- Rural and Remote Health, Flinders University, Darwin, NT
| | | | - Jennifer L Perret
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Andre Schultz
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, WA
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA
| | | | | | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | - Johnson George
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Anne Holland
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Debbie Rigby
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Jennifer Mann
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
- Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | - Kerry-Ann O'Grady
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne E Vertigan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW
| | - Peter Wark
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW
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Alif SM, Benke GP, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Tran C, Ronaldson K, Walker-Bone K, Woods R, Beilin L, Tonkin A, Owen AJ, McNeil JJ. Long-term occupational exposures on disability-free survival and mortality in older adults. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:492-499. [PMID: 37948123 PMCID: PMC10756660 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of long-term occupational exposures on health in older adults is increasingly relevant as populations age. To date, no studies have reported their impact on survival free of disability in older adults. AIMS We aimed to investigate the association between long-term occupational exposure and disability-free survival (DFS), all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in initially healthy older adults. METHODS We analysed data from 12 215 healthy participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study whose mean age was 75 years. Their work history was collated with the 'ALOHA-plus JEM' (Job Exposure Matrix) to assign occupational exposures. The primary endpoint, DFS, was a composite measure of death, dementia or persistent physical disability. The secondary endpoint, mortality, was classified according to the underlying cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS A total of 1835 individuals reached the DFS endpoint during the median 4.7 years follow-up period. Both ever-high and cumulative exposure to all dusts and all pesticides during a person's working years were associated with reduced DFS. Compared to no exposure, men with high exposure to dusts and pesticides had a reduced DFS. Neither of these exposures were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Men with high occupational exposure to solvents and women exposed to dusts experienced higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Long-term occupational exposure to all dusts and pesticides was associated with a reduced DFS and increased mortality in community-dwelling healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria 3806, Australia
| | - G P Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - H Kromhout
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Vermeulen
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - K Ronaldson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - K Walker-Bone
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - R Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - L Beilin
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - A J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - J J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Feary J, Quintero-Santofimio V, Potts J, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Knox-Brown B, Amaral AF. Occupational exposures and small airway obstruction in the UK Biobank Cohort. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00650-2022. [PMID: 37228277 PMCID: PMC10204826 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00650-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small airways obstruction (SAO) is a key feature of both COPD and asthma, which have been associated with workplace exposures. Whether SAO, which may occur early in the development of obstructive lung disease and without symptoms, also associates with occupational exposures is unknown. Methods Using UK Biobank data, we derived measurements of SAO from the 65 145 participants with high-quality spirometry and lifetime occupational histories. The ALOHA+ Job Exposure Matrix was used to assign lifetime occupational exposures to each participant. The association between SAO and lifetime occupational exposures was evaluated using a logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders. A second logistic regression model was also run to account for potential co-exposures. Results SAO was present in varying proportions of the population depending on definition used: 5.6% (forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) < lower limit of normal (LLN)) and 21.4% (forced expiratory volume in 3 s (FEV3)/forced expiratory volume in 6 s (FEV6) <LLN). After adjustment for confounders and co-exposures, people in the highest category of exposure to pesticides were significantly more likely to have SAO (FEV3/FEV6 <LLN: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44). The association between pesticides and SAO showed an exposure-response pattern. SAO was also less likely among people in the highest exposure categories of aromatic solvents (FEV3/FEV6 <LLN: OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99) and metals (FEV3/FEV6 <LLN: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.94). Conclusion Our findings suggest that occupational exposure to pesticides play a role in the SAO. However, further work is needed to determine causality, and identify the specific component(s) responsible and the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Feary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - James Potts
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Knox-Brown
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andre F.S. Amaral
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This brief narrative review aims to highlight relevant recent updates on occupational causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RECENT FINDINGS The most recent literature has been searched for any new relevant association between occupational exposures and COPD. Only large epidemiological studies of high quality have been included. Beyond the more traditional exposures, such as mineral or organic dusts, new chemicals have emerged as potential occupational causal agents for COPD. In particular, pesticides and cleaning products, including disinfectants, that have shown also positive exposure-response trends. For cleaning products, some specific chemicals have been identified, but for pesticides the identification of specific causal compounds is more challenging. The biological underlying mechanisms are still under study. SUMMARY In the recent literature, occupational exposure to pesticides and cleaning products has emerged as potential cause of COPD. Awareness on occupational causes of COPD should increase among all stakeholders, from health professionals to public to prevent the associated public health burden. More studies on identifying the specific causal agents and mechanisms are needed to focus preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Matteis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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10
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Dhansoia V, Majumdar V, Manjunath NK, Singh Gaharwar U, Singh D. Breathing-Focused Yoga Intervention on Respiratory Decline in Chronically Pesticide-Exposed Farmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:807612. [PMID: 35372380 PMCID: PMC8965718 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.807612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure to pesticides has been associated with lung and cognitive function exacerbations. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of breathing focused yoga intervention on alleviation of adverse respiratory and cognitive effects associated with chronic pesticide exposure in farmers. Methods We undertook a parallel, two-armed randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors on a chronically pesticide-exposed farming population. The study was conducted at district Panipat, State Haryana located in the Northern part of India from November 2019 to August 2020. A total of 634 farmers were screened, and 140 farmers were randomized to breathing-focused yoga intervention (BFY, n = 70) and waitlist control arms (n = 65). BFY was delivered weekly in 45-min group sessions over 12 weeks followed by home-based practice. The primary outcome was the change in spirometry-based markers of pulmonary function from baseline expressed as raw values, Global Lung Initiative (GLI) percent predicted (pp), and GLI z-scores after 24 weeks of intervention. Secondary variables were Trail making tests (TMT A and B), Digit symbol substitution (DSST), and WHO Quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-Bref). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Mediation analysis was done considering oxidative stress markers as potential mediators. Results At the end of 6 months of intervention, the overall follow-up in the participants was 87.85% (n = 123); 90% (n = 63) in the control group, and 85.71% in the yoga group (n = 60). The mean age of the study cohort (n = 140) was 38.75 (SD = 7.50) years. Compared with the control group, at 24 weeks post-intervention, the BFY group had significantly improved status of the raw sand z scores markers of airway obstruction, after adjusting for confounders, FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75 [z score-adjusted mean differences (95% CI); 1.66 (1.10-2.21) 1.88 (1.21-2.55), and 6.85 (5.12-8.57), respectively. A fraction of FEF25-75 change (mediation percentage 23.95%) was explained by glutathione augmentation. There were also significant improvements in cognitive scores of DSST, TMT-A and TMT-B, and WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusion In conclusion, regular practice of BFY could improve the exacerbations in the markers of airway obstruction in chronically pesticide-exposed farmers and cognitive variables. A significant mediating effect of glutathione augmentation was also observed concerning the effect of the intervention on FEF25-75. These findings provide an important piece of beneficial evidence of the breathing-based yoga intervention that needs validation across different farming ethnicities.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: CTRI/2019/11/021989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Dhansoia
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vijaya Majumdar
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - N. K. Manjunath
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Alipur, Delhi
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11
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De Matteis S, Jarvis D, Darnton L, Consonni D, Kromhout H, Hutchings S, Sadhra SS, Fishwick D, Vermeulen R, Rushton L, Cullinan P. Lifetime occupational exposures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the UK Biobank cohort. Thorax 2022; 77:997-1005. [PMID: 35082144 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Occupational exposures are important, preventable causes of COPD. We previously found an increased risk of COPD among six occupations by analysing lifetime job histories and lung function data in the population-based UK Biobank cohort. We aimed to build on these findings and elucidate the underlying potential causal agents to focus preventive strategies. METHODS We applied the ALOHA+job exposure matrix (JEM) based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations V.1988 codes, where exposure to 12 selected agents was rated as 0 (no exposure), 1 (low) or 2 (high). COPD was spirometrically defined as FEV1/FVC less than the lower limit of normal. We calculated semiquantitative cumulative exposure estimates for each agent by multiplying the duration of exposure and squared intensity. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% CI for COPD were estimated using robust Poisson regression adjusted for centre, sex, age, smoking and coexposure to JEM agents. Only associations confirmed among never-smokers and never-asthmatics were considered reliable. RESULTS Out of 116 375 participants with complete job histories, 94 514 had acceptable/repeatable spirometry and smoking data and were included in the analysis. Pesticide exposure showed increased risk of COPD for ever exposure (PR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.28) and high cumulative exposure (PR=1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56), with positive exposure-response trends (p trend=0.004), which were confirmed among never-smokers (p trend=0.005) and never-asthmatics (p trend=0.001). CONCLUSION In a large population-based study, occupational exposure to pesticides was associated with risk of COPD. Focused preventive strategies for workers exposed to pesticides can prevent the associated COPD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Matteis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Lucy Darnton
- Science Division, Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill Buxton, UK
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sally Hutchings
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven S Sadhra
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Fishwick
- Science Division, Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill Buxton, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley Rushton
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Pape K, Svanes C, Sejbæk CS, Malinovschi A, Benediktsdottir B, Forsberg B, Janson C, Benke G, Tjalvin G, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Zock JP, Toren K, Bråbäck L, Holm M, Jõgi R, Bertelsen RJ, Gíslason T, Sigsgaard T, Liu X, Hougaard KS, Johannessen A, Lodge C, Dharmage SC, Schlünssen V. Parental occupational exposure pre- and post-conception and development of asthma in offspring. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1856-1869. [PMID: 32666076 PMCID: PMC7825962 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While direct effects of occupational exposures on an individual’s respiratory health are evident, a new paradigm is emerging on the possible effects of pre-conception occupational exposure on respiratory health in offspring. We aimed to study the association between parental occupational exposure starting before conception and asthma in their offspring (at 0–15 years of age). Methods We studied 3985 offspring participating in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Their mothers or fathers (n = 2931) previously participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Information was obtained from questionnaires on parental job history pre- and post-conception which was linked to an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix (JEM). We assessed the association between parental occupational exposure and offspring asthma, applying logistic regression models, clustered by family and adjusted for study centre, offspring sex, parental characteristics (age, asthma onset, place of upbringing, smoking) and grandparents’ level of education. Results Parental occupational exposure to microorganisms, pesticides, allergens or reactive chemicals pre-conception or both pre- and post-conception was not related to offspring asthma; in general, subgroup analyses confirmed this result. However, maternal exposure both pre- and post-conception to allergens and reactive chemicals was associated with increased odds for early-onset asthma in offspring (0–3 years of age); odds ratio 1.70 (95% CI: 1.02–2.84) and 1.65 (95% CI: 0.98–2.77), respectively. Conclusions This study did not find evidence that parental occupational exposure, defined by an asthma JEM before conception only or during pre- and post-conception vs non-exposed, was associated with offspring asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Pape
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecile Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla S Sejbæk
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Byndis Benediktsdottir
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Medical Faculty, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gro Tjalvin
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Ramos
- Department of Nursing, University of Huelva. Avenida Tres de Marzo, s/n 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kjell Toren
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Tartu University Hospital, Lung Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Randi J Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Oral Health Center of Expertise, Western Norway, Hordaland County, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thorarin Gíslason
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Medical Faculty, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- The National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Dement JM, Cloeren M, Ringen K, Quinn P, Chen A, Cranford K, Haas S, Hines S. COPD risk among older construction workers-Updated analyses 2020. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:462-475. [PMID: 33728649 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 2010 study of construction workers participating in medical screening programs at the Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities demonstrated increased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. The current study of a larger worker cohort allowed for a more nuanced analysis of COPD risk, including for employment beginning after the mid-1990s. METHODS Study participants included 17,941 workers with demographic and smoking data and spirometry with a minimum of three recorded expiratory efforts and reproducibility of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) of 0.2 L or less. COPD was defined as a FEV1 /FVC ratio below the lower limit of normal using established prediction equations without use of bronchodilation. Stratified analyses explored COPD prevalence by demographic variables and trade. Logistic regression analyses assessed risks by trade and time periods of trade and DOE site work, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and smoking. RESULTS Overall COPD prevalence was 13.4% and 67.4% of cases were classified as moderate to severe. Compared to nonconstruction workers, construction trade workers were at significantly increased risk of all COPD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.29-1.79) and even more so for severe COPD (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.32-1.96). The highest risk trades were cement masons/bricklayers (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.71-3.26) and roofers (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.48-3.32). Risk among workers employed after 1995 was elevated but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Construction workers are at increased COPD risk. Results support the prevention of both smoking and occupational exposures to reduce these risks. While the number of participants employed after 1995 was small, patterns of risk were consistent with findings in the overall cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Dement
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Marianne Cloeren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Knut Ringen
- Energy Workers Department CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Patricia Quinn
- Energy Workers Department CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Anna Chen
- Government Services Department Zenith American Solutions Seattle Washington USA
| | - Kim Cranford
- Government Services Department Zenith American Solutions Seattle Washington USA
| | - Scott Haas
- Government Services Department Zenith American Solutions Seattle Washington USA
| | - Stella Hines
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
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14
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Lifetime Risk Factors for Pre- and Post-Bronchodilator Lung Function Decline. A Population-based Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:302-312. [PMID: 31800292 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201904-329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Interactions between early life and adult insults on lung function decline are not well understood, with most studies investigating prebronchodilator (pre-BD) FEV1 decline.Objectives: To investigate relationships between adult risk factors and pre- and post-BD lung function decline and their potential effect modification by early life and genetic factors.Methods: Multiple regression was used to examine associations between adult exposures (asthma, smoking, occupational exposures, traffic pollution, and obesity) and decline in both pre- and post-BD spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and FEV1/FVC) between ages 45 and 53 years in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (n = 857). Effect modification of these relationships by childhood respiratory risk factors, including low childhood lung function and GST (glutathione S-transferase) gene polymorphisms, was investigated.Results: Baseline asthma, smoking, occupational exposure to vapors/gases/dusts/fumes, and living close to traffic were associated with accelerated decline in both pre- and post-BD FEV1. These factors were also associated with FEV1/FVC decline. Occupational exposure to aromatic solvents was associated with pre-BD but not post-BD FEV1 decline. Maternal smoking accentuated the effect of personal smoking on pre- and post-BD FEV1 decline. Lower childhood lung function and having the GSTM1 null allele accentuated the effect of occupational exposure to vapors/gases/dusts/fumes and personal smoking on post-BD FEV1 decline. Incident obesity was associated with accelerated decline in FEV1 and more pronounced in FVC.Conclusions: This study provides new evidence for accentuation of individual susceptibility to adult risk factors by low childhood lung function, GSTM1 genotype, and maternal smoking.
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15
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Kim J, Kim B, Bak SH, Oh YM, Kim WJ. A comparative study of chest CT findings regarding the effects of regional dust exposure on patients with COPD living in urban areas and rural areas near cement plants. Respir Res 2021; 22:43. [PMID: 33549113 PMCID: PMC7866433 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical and radiological presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous depending on the characterized sources of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate COPD phenotypes associated with specific dust exposure. Methods This study was designed to compare the characteristics, clinical outcomes and radiological findings between two prospective COPD cohorts representing two distinguishing regions in the Republic of Korea; COPD in Dusty Area (CODA) and the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. A total of 733 participants (n = 186 for CODA, and n = 547 for KOLD) were included finally. A multivariate analysis to compare lung function and computed tomography (CT) measurements of both cohort studies after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-year, Charlson comorbidity index, and frequency of exacerbation were performed by entering the level of FEV1(%), biomass exposure and COPD medication into the model in stepwise. Results The mean wall area (MWA, %) became significantly lower in COPD patients in KOLD from urban and metropolitan area than those in CODA cohort from cement dust area (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 70.2 ± 1.21% in CODA vs. 66.8 ± 0.88% in KOLD, p = 0.028) after including FEV1 in the model. COPD subjects in KOLD cohort had higher CT-emphysema index (EI, 6.07 ± 3.06 in CODA vs. 20.0 ± 2.21 in KOLD, p < 0.001, respectively). The difference in the EI (%) was consistently significant even after further adjustment of FEV1 (6.12 ± 2.88% in CODA vs. 17.3 ± 2.10% in KOLD, p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no difference in the ratio of mean lung density (MLD) between the two cohorts (p = 0.077). Additional adjustment for biomass parameters and medication for COPD did not alter the statistical significance after entering into the analysis with COPD medication. Conclusions Higher MWA and lower EI were observed in COPD patients from the region with dust exposure. These results suggest that the imaging phenotype of COPD is influenced by specific environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- Deparment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Hansen MRH, Jørs E, Sandbæk A, Sekabojja D, Ssempebwa JC, Mubeezi R, Staudacher P, Fuhrimann S, Sigsgaard T, Burdorf A, Bibby BM, Schlünssen V. Organophosphate and carbamate insecticide exposure is related to lung function change among smallholder farmers: a prospective study. Thorax 2021; 76:thoraxjnl-2020-214609. [PMID: 33479045 PMCID: PMC8311090 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Exposure to some insecticides may cause airway obstruction, but existing evidence is limited by cross-sectional designs and inadequate confounder control. We investigated the relation between organophosphate and carbamate insecticides and pulmonary function in a prospective study accounting for important confounders. METHODS In a cohort of 364 smallholder farmers in Uganda (69% women), participants underwent pre-bronchodilator spirometry at baseline (September/October 2018) and at two follow-up visits (November/December 2018 and January/February 2019). Exposure to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides was assessed using haemoglobin-adjusted erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE/Hb). Less than 3% of participants were lost to follow-up. We calculated Z-scores for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC using the Global Lung Function Initiative equations. Data were analysed in linear mixed and fixed effect models accounting for family relationships and repeated measures of exposure and outcome. RESULTS Low AChE/Hb was significantly associated with low FEV1 Z-score in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Compared with individuals with AChE/Hb 25.90 U/g (50th percentile, reference), those with lower AChE/Hb 24.50 U/g (35th percentile) had mean FEV1 Z-score 0.045 (0.003 to 0.087) lower, and persons with higher AChE/Hb 27.30 U/g (65th percentile) had a mean FEV1 Z-score 0.043 (-0.002 to 0.087) higher compared with the reference. Similar, but numerically smaller and statistically non-significant effects were seen for Z-scores of FVC and FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSION Exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides may lead to lung function decline. Our results add to the growing evidence of health effects in relation to exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, underlining the importance of minimising exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rune Hassan Hansen
- Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Jørs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annelli Sandbæk
- General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sekabojja
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ruth Mubeezi
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Philipp Staudacher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Institute for Risk Assesment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Bo Martin Bibby
- Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Rabbani G, Shariful Islam SM, Rahman MA, Amin N, Marzan B, Robin RC, Alif SM. Pre-existing COPD is associated with an increased risk of mortality and severity in COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:705-716. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1866547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Rabbani
- Bangladesh Betar (Radio), Ministry of Information, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Australia
- Australian Institute of Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bushra Marzan
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Sheikh M. Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Simas JMM, Yamauchi LY, Alencar MDCBD. Risk factors associated among respiratory health and banana farming. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:181-187. [PMID: 32720583 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1794773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides cause risks to the respiratory health of banana farming workers. To investigate the prevalence of ventilatory dysfunction in workers and characteristics of work in banana production in a region of the Ribeira Valley, Brazil. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic, work and health data was applied, as well as spirometry. The data were statistically analyzed with participants divided into two groups (presence or absence of ventilatory dysfunction). The majority were males, low schooling, mean age 39.6 years and 13.8 years of working time in banana farming. The prevalence of moderate obstructive disorder (10.0%), mild obstructive disorder (13.3%) and mild mixed disorder (3.3%) were observed. Obstructive disorders predominated, with decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, in addition to being correlated with working time in banana farming. It was concluded that one-third of the workers had some type of ventilatory dysfunction and there was a relationship with work in banana farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Líria Yuri Yamauchi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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19
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Feary J. Aromatic solvents: the not so sweet side. Thorax 2019; 74:e1. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Dumas O, Varraso R, Boggs KM, Quinot C, Zock JP, Henneberger PK, Speizer FE, Le Moual N, Camargo CA. Association of Occupational Exposure to Disinfectants With Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among US Female Nurses. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1913563. [PMID: 31626315 PMCID: PMC6813668 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Exposure to disinfectants in health care workers has been associated with respiratory health outcomes, including asthma. Despite the biological plausibility of an association between disinfectants (irritant chemicals) and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), available data are sparse. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between exposure to disinfectants and COPD incidence in a large cohort of US female nurses. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Nurses' Health Study II is a US prospective cohort study of 116 429 female registered nurses from 14 US states who were enrolled in 1989 and followed up through questionnaires every 2 years since. The present study included women who were still in a nursing job and had no history of COPD in 2009, and used data from the 2009 through 2015 questionnaires. Clean and complete data used for this analysis were available in July 2018, and analyses were conducted from September 2018 through August 2019. EXPOSURES Occupational exposure to disinfectants, evaluated by questionnaire and a job-task-exposure matrix (JTEM). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident physician-diagnosed COPD evaluated by questionnaire. RESULTS Among the 73 262 women included in the analyses, mean (SD) age at baseline was 54.7 (4.6) years and 70 311 (96.0%) were white, 1235 (1.7%) black, and 1716 (2.3%) other; and 1345 (1.8%) Hispanic, and 71 917 (98.2%) non-Hispanic. Based on 368 145 person-years of follow-up, 582 nurses reported incident physician-diagnosed COPD. Weekly use of disinfectants to clean surfaces only (16 786 [22.9%] of participants exposed) and to clean medical instruments (13 899 [19.0%] exposed) was associated with COPD incidence, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.13-1.68) for cleaning surfaces only and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.07-1.61) for cleaning medical instruments after adjustment for age, smoking (pack-years), race, ethnicity, and body mass index. High-level exposure, evaluated by the JTEM, to several specific disinfectants (ie, glutaraldehyde, bleach, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, and quaternary ammonium compounds) was significantly associated with COPD incidence, with adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.25 (95% CI, 1.04-1.51) to 1.36 (95% CI, 1.13-1.64). Associations were not modified by smoking or asthma status (P for interaction > .15). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These longitudinal results suggest that regular use of chemical disinfectants among nurses may be a risk factor for developing COPD. If future studies confirm these results, exposure-reduction strategies that are compatible with infection control in health care settings should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Dumas
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- University de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Raphaëlle Varraso
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- University de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Krislyn M. Boggs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Quinot
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- University de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul K. Henneberger
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Frank E. Speizer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- University de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Han MK, Arteaga-Solis E, Blenis J, Bourjeily G, Clegg DJ, DeMeo D, Duffy J, Gaston B, Heller NM, Hemnes A, Henske EP, Jain R, Lahm T, Lancaster LH, Lee J, Legato MJ, McKee S, Mehra R, Morris A, Prakash YS, Stampfli MR, Gopal-Srivastava R, Laposky AD, Punturieri A, Reineck L, Tigno X, Clayton J. Female Sex and Gender in Lung/Sleep Health and Disease. Increased Understanding of Basic Biological, Pathophysiological, and Behavioral Mechanisms Leading to Better Health for Female Patients with Lung Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:850-858. [PMID: 29746147 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201801-0168ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Female sex/gender is an undercharacterized variable in studies related to lung development and disease. Notwithstanding, many aspects of lung and sleep biology and pathobiology are impacted by female sex and female reproductive transitions. These may manifest as differential gene expression or peculiar organ development. Some conditions are more prevalent in women, such as asthma and insomnia, or, in the case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, are seen almost exclusively in women. In other diseases, presentation differs, such as the higher frequency of exacerbations experienced by women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or greater cardiac morbidity among women with sleep-disordered breathing. Recent advances in -omics and behavioral science provide an opportunity to specifically address sex-based differences and explore research needs and opportunities that will elucidate biochemical pathways, thus enabling more targeted/personalized therapies. To explore the status of and opportunities for research in this area, the NHLBI, in partnership with the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health and the Office of Rare Diseases Research, convened a workshop of investigators in Bethesda, Maryland on September 18 and 19, 2017. At the workshop, the participants reviewed the current understanding of the biological, behavioral, and clinical implications of female sex and gender on lung and sleep health and disease, and formulated recommendations that address research gaps, with a view to achieving better health outcomes through more precise management of female patients with nonneoplastic lung disease. This report summarizes those discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiLan K Han
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emilio Arteaga-Solis
- 2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - John Blenis
- 3 Pharmacology Ph.D. Program, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ghada Bourjeily
- 4 Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- 5 Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dawn DeMeo
- 6 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeanne Duffy
- 7 Department of Medicine and.,8 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ben Gaston
- 9 Pediatric Pulmonology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicola M Heller
- 10 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna Hemnes
- 11 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Petri Henske
- 12 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raksha Jain
- 13 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tim Lahm
- 14 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lisa H Lancaster
- 15 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joyce Lee
- 16 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Sherry McKee
- 18 Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Reena Mehra
- 19 Neurologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alison Morris
- 20 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y S Prakash
- 21 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- 22 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rashmi Gopal-Srivastava
- 23 Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- 24 Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | | | - Lora Reineck
- 24 Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Xenia Tigno
- 24 Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Janine Clayton
- 25 Office of Research on Women's Health, NIH-Office of the Director, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Risk of obstructive pulmonary diseases and occupational exposure to pesticides: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2019; 174:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Doney B, Kurth L, Halldin C, Hale J, Frenk SM. Occupational exposure and airflow obstruction and self-reported COPD among ever-employed US adults using a COPD-job exposure matrix. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:393-403. [PMID: 30775792 PMCID: PMC6661888 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the association of spirometry-defined airflow obstruction and self-reported COPD defined as self-reported doctor diagnosed chronic bronchitis or emphysema, with occupational exposure among ever-employed US adults. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 to 2011-2012, a nationally representative study of the non-institutionalized civilian US population. Reported current and/or longest held job were used to create prevalence estimates and prevalence odds ratios (PORs) (adjusted for age, gender, race, and smoking status) for airflow obstruction and self-reported COPD by occupational exposure, determined using both NHANES participants' self-reported exposures and eight categories of COPD job exposure matrix (JEM) assigned exposures. RESULTS Significant PORs for airflow obstruction and self-reported COPD respectively were observed with self-reported exposure for ≥20 years to mineral dust (POR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.85; POR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.17-2.43) and exhaust fumes (POR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.27-2.15; POR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.37-3.58). Airflow obstruction or self-reported COPD were also associated with COPD-JEM assigned high exposure to mineral dust, combined dust, diesel exhaust, vapor-gas, sensitizers, and overall exposure. CONCLUSION Airflow obstruction and self-reported COPD are associated with both self-reported and JEM-assigned exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Doney
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura Kurth
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Cara Halldin
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Janet Hale
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Steven M. Frenk
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
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24
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Alif SM, Dharmage S, Benke G, Dennekamp M, Burgess J, Perret JL, Lodge C, Morrison S, Johns DP, Giles G, Gurrin L, Thomas PS, Hopper JL, Wood-Baker R, Thompson B, Feather I, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Jarvis D, Garcia Aymerich J, Walters EH, Abramson MJ, Matheson MC. Occupational exposure to solvents and lung function decline: A population based study. Thorax 2019; 74:650-658. [PMID: 31028237 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE While cross-sectional studies have shown associations between certain occupational exposures and lower levels of lung function, there was little evidence from population-based studies with repeated lung function measurements. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the associations between occupational exposures and longitudinal lung function decline in the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study. METHODS Lung function decline between ages 45 years and 50 years was assessed using data from 767 participants. Using lifetime work history calendars completed at age 45 years, exposures were assigned according to the ALOHA plus Job Exposure Matrix. Occupational exposures were defined as ever exposed and cumulative exposure -unit- years. We investigated effect modification by sex, smoking and asthma status. RESULTS Compared with those without exposure, ever exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (aromatic solvents 15.5 mL/year (95% CI -24.8 to 6.3); metals 11.3 mL/year (95% CI -21.9 to - 0.7)) and FVC (aromatic solvents 14.1 mL/year 95% CI -28.8 to - 0.7; metals 17.5 mL/year (95% CI -34.3 to - 0.8)). Cumulative exposure (unit years) to aromatic solvents was also associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. Women had lower cumulative exposure years to aromatic solvents than men (mean (SD) 9.6 (15.5) vs 16.6 (14.6)), but greater lung function decline than men. We also found association between ever exposures to gases/fumes or mineral dust and greater decline in lung function. CONCLUSIONS Exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with greater lung function decline. The effect of aromatic solvents was strongest in women. Preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce these exposures in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh M Alif
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martine Dennekamp
- Environmental Public Health, Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Morrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Peter Johns
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Graham Giles
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyle Gurrin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul S Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of new South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Llewelyn Hopper
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Bruce Thompson
- Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain Feather
- Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - E Haydn Walters
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Claire Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Moore P, Atkins GT, Cramb S, Croft JB, Davis L, Dolor RJ, Doyle D, Elehwany M, James C, Knudson A, Linnell J, Mannino D, Rommes JM, Sood A, Stockton E, Weissman DN, Witte M, Wyatt E, Yarbrough WC, Yawn BP, Johnson L, Morris T, Kiley JP, Ammary-Risch NJ, Punturieri A. COPD and Rural Health: A Dialogue on the National Action Plan. J Rural Health 2019; 35:424-428. [PMID: 30677167 PMCID: PMC6790602 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moore
- Federal Office of Rural Health Policy, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Graham T Atkins
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Janet B Croft
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa Davis
- Pennsylvania Office of Rural Health, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rowena J Dolor
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Doyle
- Department of Family Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | | | - Cara James
- Office of Minority Health, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alana Knudson
- Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Linnell
- US COPD Coalition/Board of Directors, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Akshay Sood
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - David N Weissman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mike Witte
- California Primary Care Association, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | | | - Lenora Johnson
- Office of Science Policy Engagement Education and Communications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tom Morris
- Federal Office of Rural Health Policy, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - James P Kiley
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neyal J Ammary-Risch
- Office of Science Policy Engagement Education and Communications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Antonello Punturieri
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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26
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Vested A, Basinas I, Burdorf A, Elholm G, Heederik DJJ, Jacobsen GH, Kolstad HA, Kromhout H, Omland Ø, Sigsgaard T, Thulstrup AM, Toft G, Vestergaard JM, Wouters IM, Schlünssen V. A nationwide follow-up study of occupational organic dust exposure and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:105-113. [PMID: 30598459 PMCID: PMC6581073 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To study exposure-response relations between cumulative organic dust exposure and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among subjects employed in the Danish farming and wood industry. Methods We studied exposure-response relations between cumulative organic dust exposure and incident COPD (1997–2013) among individuals born during 1950–1977 in Denmark ever employed in the farming or wood industry (n=1 75 409). Industry-specific employment history (1964–2007), combined with time-dependent farming and wood industry-specific exposure matrices defined cumulative exposure. We used logistic regression analysis with discrete survival function adjusting for age, sex and calendar year. Adjustment for smoking status was explored in a subgroup of 4023 with smoking information available. Results Cumulative organic dust exposure was inversely associated with COPD (adjusted rate ratios (RRadj (95% CIs) of 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99), 0.76 (0.69 to 0.84) and 0.52 (0.47 to 0.58) for intermediate-low, intermediate-high and high exposure quartiles, respectively, compared with the lowest exposure quartile). Lagging exposure 10 years was not consistently suggestive of an association between cumulative exposure and COPD; RRadj (95% CI): 1.05 (0.94 to 1.16), 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) and 0.63 (0.56 to 0.70). Additional stratification by duration of employment showed no clear association between organic dust exposure and COPD except for the longer exposed (15–40 years) where an inverse association was indicated. Subgroup analyses showed that smoking had no impact on exposure-response estimates. Conclusions Our findings show no increased risk of COPD with increasing occupational exposure to organic dust in the farming or wood industry. Potential residual confounding by smoking can, however, not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Human Exposure Science (CHES), Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grethe Elholm
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gitte H Jacobsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West, Herning, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ane M Thulstrup
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West, Herning, Denmark
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Agriculture environments contain a variety of inflammatory aerosols that may increase risk for lung inflammation and disease in exposed individuals. In addition, epidemiological studies have also identified protective effects of rural environments and farming exposures. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss recent literature published since 2016 that investigates the impact of differing agricultural exposures on respiratory health. Discussions include the impact of farming modernization, education, and personal protective equipment usage among workers, timing and duration in mediating lung health outcomes, and population studies investigating the association between exposure and risk for numerous lung diseases.
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28
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Burkes RM, Gassett AJ, Ceppe AS, Anderson W, O'Neal WK, Woodruff PG, Krishnan JA, Barr RG, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Comellas AP, Lambert AA, Kaufman JD, Dransfield MT, Wells JM, Kanner RE, Paine R, Bleecker ER, Paulin LM, Hansel NN, Drummond MB. Rural Residence and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Analysis of the SPIROMICS Cohort. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:808-816. [PMID: 29584453 PMCID: PMC6207115 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201710-837oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Rural residence is associated with poor outcomes in several chronic diseases. The association between rural residence and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations remains unclear.Objectives: In this work, we sought to determine the independent association between rural residence and COPD-related outcomes, including COPD exacerbations, airflow obstruction, and symptom burden.Methods: A total of 1,684 SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study) participants with forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < 0.70 had geocoding-defined rural-urban residence status determined (N = 204 rural and N = 1,480 urban). Univariate and multivariate logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to assess the independent association between rurality and COPD outcomes, including exacerbations, lung function, and symptom burden. The primary exposure of interest was rural residence, determined by geocoding of the home address to the block level at the time of study enrollment. Additional covariates of interest included demographic and clinical characteristics, occupation, and occupational exposures. The primary outcome measures were exacerbations determined over a 1-year course after enrollment by quarterly telephone calls and at an annual research clinic visit. The odds ratio (OR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of exacerbations that required treatment with medications, including steroids or antibiotics (total exacerbations), and exacerbations leading to hospitalization (severe exacerbations) were determined after adjusting for relevant covariates.Results: Rural residence was independently associated with a 70% increase in the odds of total exacerbations (OR, 1.70 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.56]; P = 0.012) and a 46% higher incidence rate of total exacerbations (IRR 1.46 [95% CI, 1.02-2.10]; P = 0.039). There was no association between rural residence and severe exacerbations. Agricultural occupation was independently associated with increased odds and incidence of total and severe exacerbations. Inclusion of agricultural occupation in the analysis attenuated the association between rural residence and the odds and incidence rate of total exacerbations (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.00-2.32]; P = 0.05 and IRR 1.39 [95% CI, 0.97-1.99]; P = 0.07). There was no difference in symptoms or airflow obstruction between rural and urban participants.Conclusions: Rural residence is independently associated with increased odds and incidence of total, but not severe, COPD exacerbations. These associations are not fully explained by agriculture-related exposures, highlighting the need for future research into potential mechanisms of the increased risk of COPD exacerbations in the rural population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - Agathe S Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wayne Anderson
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Allison A Lambert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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29
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Buralli RJ, Ribeiro H, Mauad T, Amato-Lourenço LF, Salge JM, Diaz-Quijano FA, Leão RS, Marques RC, Silva DS, Guimarães JRD. Respiratory Condition of Family Farmers Exposed to Pesticides in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061203. [PMID: 29890615 PMCID: PMC6025513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is a growing public health concern. Although Brazil is the world’s largest consumer of pesticides, only a few studies have addressed the health effects among farmers. This study aimed to evaluate whether pesticide exposure is associated with respiratory outcomes among rural workers and relatives in Brazil during the crop and off-seasons. Family farmers (82) were interviewed about occupational history and respiratory symptoms, and cholinesterase tests were conducted in the crop-season. Spirometry was performed during the crop and off-season. Respiratory outcomes were compared between seasons and multiple regressions analysis were conducted to search for associations with exposure indicators. Participants were occupationally and environmentally exposed to multiple pesticides from an early age. During the crop and off-season, respectively, they presented a prevalence of 40% and 30.7% for cough, 30.7% and 24% for nasal allergies, and 24% and 17.3% for chest tightness. Significant associations between spirometry impairments and exposure indicators were found both during the crop and off-season. These findings provide complementary evidence about the association of pesticide exposure with adverse respiratory effects among family farmers in Brazil. This situation requires special attention as it may increase the risk of pulmonary dysfunctions, and the morbidity and mortality burden associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J Buralli
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Luís F Amato-Lourenço
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - João M Salge
- Pneumologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44-Bloco II, 5 andar, São Paulo, SP 05403000, Brazil.
| | - Fredi A Diaz-Quijano
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Renata S Leão
- Centro de Tecnologia em Nanomateriais-CTNANO, Rua Prof. José Vieira de Mendonça, 1000, Belo Horizonte, MG 31310-260, Brazil.
| | - Rejane C Marques
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-Campus Macaé, Av. Aloísio da Silva Gomes, 50, Macaé, RJ 27930-560, Brazil.
| | - Daniele S Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373-Bloco G-CCS, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Jean Remy Davée Guimarães
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373-Bloco G-CCS, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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30
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Cattelan MDP, Maurer P, Garcia F, Berro LF, Machado MM, Manfredini V, Piccoli JDCE. Occupational exposure to pesticides in family agriculture and the oxidative, biochemical and hematological profile in this agricultural model. Life Sci 2018; 203:177-183. [PMID: 29689275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Maurer
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil
| | - Fernandez Garcia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil
| | - Lyana Feijoó Berro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil
| | - Michel Mansur Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline da Costa Escobar Piccoli
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa; Campus Uruguaiana/RS, Brazil.
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31
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Ahluwalia M, Kaur A. Modulatory role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in Punjabi agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11981-11986. [PMID: 29450776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are important detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. Individuals differ in metabolic capacity due to inherited genetic variations. Due to the polymorphism exhibited by GSTT1 and GSTM1 that results in the complete loss of function, the present study was aimed towards the determination of the frequency distribution of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in agricultural workers in Punjab, India. The study aimed to investigate their contribution in susceptibility to increased disease risk. A total of 513 subjects were included in this study, out of which 250 were agriculture workers and 263 were non-exposed occupationally. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null-genotype distribution was analyzed through multiplex-PCR method. Complete gene deletion in either of the genes was strongly associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.6; p < 0.0008) of DNA/cytogenetic damage, cancer, infertility, and many other serious health effects. Therefore, homozygous deletion in GSTT1 or GSTM1 could play a modulatory role in health of workers with long-term exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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32
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Lytras T, Kogevinas M, Kromhout H, Carsin AE, Antó JM, Bentouhami H, Weyler J, Heinrich J, Nowak D, Urrutia I, Martinez-Moratalla J, Gullón JA, Pereira-Vega A, Raherison-Semjen C, Pin I, Demoly P, Leynaert B, Villani S, Gislason T, Svanes C, Holm M, Forsberg B, Norbäck D, Mehta AJ, Probst-Hensch N, Benke G, Jogi R, Torén K, Sigsgaard T, Schlünssen V, Olivieri M, Blanc PD, Vermeulen R, Garcia-Aymerich J, Jarvis D, Zock JP. Occupational exposures and 20-year incidence of COPD: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Thorax 2018; 73:1008-1015. [PMID: 29574416 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of COPD. However, few studies have related objectively assessed occupational exposures to prospectively assessed incidence of COPD, using postbronchodilator lung function tests. Our objective was to examine the effect of occupational exposures on COPD incidence in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. METHODS General population samples aged 20-44 were randomly selected in 1991-1993 and followed up 20 years later (2010-2012). Spirometry was performed at baseline and at follow-up, with incident COPD defined using a lower limit of normal criterion for postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC. Only participants without COPD and without current asthma at baseline were included. Coded job histories during follow-up were linked to a Job-Exposure Matrix, generating occupational exposure estimates to 12 categories of agents. Their association with COPD incidence was examined in log-binomial models fitted in a Bayesian framework. FINDINGS 3343 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 89 of them had COPD at follow-up (1.4 cases/1000 person-years). Participants exposed to biological dust had a higher incidence of COPD compared with those unexposed (relative risk (RR) 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), as did those exposed to gases and fumes (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2) and pesticides (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). The combined population attributable fraction for these exposures was 21.0%. INTERPRETATION These results substantially strengthen the evidence base for occupational exposures as an important risk factor for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Lytras
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Kromhout
- IRAS, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Antó
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hayat Bentouhami
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (ESOC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joost Weyler
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (ESOC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,StatUA Statistics Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilians University, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilians University, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Urrutia
- Pulmonology Department, Galdakao Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Martinez-Moratalla
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Albacete, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pereira-Vega
- Respiratory and Allergy Clinical Unit, Universitary Hospitalary Complex, Huelva, Spain
| | - Chantal Raherison-Semjen
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Department of Pédiatrie, CHU de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1209, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- Inserm UMR 1152-Equipe Epidémiologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Simona Villani
- Department of Health Sciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine - Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amar J Mehta
- Research and Evaluation Office, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geza Benke
- Monash Centre for Occupation and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rain Jogi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kjell Torén
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Olivieri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paul D Blanc
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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