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Harris ES, McIntire HJ, Mazur M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Leung HM, Tearney GJ, Krick S, Rowe SM, Barnes JW. Reduced sialylation of airway mucin impairs mucus transport by altering the biophysical properties of mucin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16568. [PMID: 39019950 PMCID: PMC11255327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucus stasis is a pathologic hallmark of muco-obstructive diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Mucins, the principal component of mucus, are extensively modified with hydroxyl (O)-linked glycans, which are largely terminated by sialic acid. Sialic acid is a negatively charged monosaccharide and contributes to the biochemical/biophysical properties of mucins. Reports suggest that mucin sialylation may be altered in CF; however, the consequences of reduced sialylation on mucus clearance have not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced sialylation on the charge state and conformation of the most prominent airway mucin, MUC5B, and defined the functional consequences of reduced sialylation on mucociliary transport (MCT). Reduced sialylation contributed to a lower charged MUC5B form and decreased polymer expansion. The inhibition of total mucin sialylation de novo impaired MCT in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and rat airways, and specific α-2,3 sialylation blockade was sufficient to recapitulate these findings. Finally, we show that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal1) expression is downregulated in CF and partially restored by correcting CFTR via Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor treatment. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of mucin sialylation in mucus clearance and identifies decreased sialylation by ST3Gal1 as a possible therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah J McIntire
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina Mazur
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Hui Min Leung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Stewart CG, Hilkin BM, Gansemer ND, Dick DW, Sunderland JJ, Stoltz DA, Abou Alaiwa MH, Zabner J. Mucociliary Clearance is Impaired in Small Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Pigs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595427. [PMID: 38826411 PMCID: PMC11142153 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent airway infections, inflammation, and progressive decline in lung function. Autopsy and spirometry data suggest that cystic fibrosis may start in the small airways which, due to the fractal nature of the airways, account for most of the airway tree surface area. However, they are not easily accessible for testing. Objectives Here, we tested the hypothesis that mucociliary clearance is abnormal in the small airways of newborn cystic fibrosis pigs. Methods Current mucociliary clearance assays are limited therefore we developed a dynamic positron emission tomography scan assay with high spatial and temporal resolution. Each study was accompanied by a high-resolution computed tomography scan that helped identify the thin outer region of the lung that contained small airways. Measurements and Main Results Clearance of aerosolized [ 68 Ga]macro aggregated albumin from distal airways occurred within minutes after delivery and followed a two-phase process. In cystic fibrosis pigs, both early and late clearance rates were slower. Stimulation of the cystic fibrosis airways with the purinergic agonist UTP further impaired late clearance. Only 1 cystic fibrosis pig treated with UTP out of 6 cleared more than 20% of the delivered dose. Conclusions These data indicate that mucociliary transport in the small airways is fast and can easily be missed if the acquisition is not fast enough. The data also indicate that mucociliary transport is impaired in small airways of cystic fibrosis pigs. This defect is exacerbated by stimulation of mucus secretions with purinergic agonists.
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3
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Jiang AY, Witten J, Raji IO, Eweje F, MacIsaac C, Meng S, Oladimeji FA, Hu Y, Manan RS, Langer R, Anderson DG. Combinatorial development of nebulized mRNA delivery formulations for the lungs. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:364-375. [PMID: 37985700 PMCID: PMC10954414 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled delivery of mRNA has the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases. However, nebulized mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) face several unique challenges including stability during nebulization and penetration through both cellular and extracellular barriers. Here we develop a combinatorial approach addressing these barriers. First, we observe that LNP formulations can be stabilized to resist nebulization-induced aggregation by altering the nebulization buffer to increase the LNP charge during nebulization, and by the addition of a branched polymeric excipient. Next, we synthesize a combinatorial library of ionizable, degradable lipids using reductive amination, and evaluate their delivery potential using fully differentiated air-liquid interface cultured primary lung epithelial cells. The final combination of ionizable lipid, charge-stabilized formulation and stability-enhancing excipient yields a significant improvement in lung mRNA delivery over current state-of-the-art LNPs and polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Witten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Idris O Raji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corina MacIsaac
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Meng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Favour A Oladimeji
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Asakura T, Okuda K, Chen G, Dang H, Kato T, Mikami Y, Schworer SA, Gilmore RC, Radicioni G, Hawkins P, Barbosa Cardenas SM, Saito M, Cawley AM, De la Cruz G, Chua M, Alexis NE, Masugi Y, Noone PG, Ribeiro CMP, Kesimer M, Olivier KN, Hasegawa N, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. Proximal and Distal Bronchioles Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:374-389. [PMID: 38016030 PMCID: PMC10878387 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-1093oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) may originate in bronchiolar regions of the lung. Accordingly, there is a need to characterize the morphology and molecular characteristics of NCFB bronchioles. Objectives: Test the hypothesis that NCFB exhibits a major component of bronchiolar disease manifest by mucus plugging and ectasia. Methods: Morphologic criteria and region-specific epithelial gene expression, measured histologically and by RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, identified proximal and distal bronchioles in excised NCFB lungs. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assessed bronchiolar mucus accumulation and mucin gene expression. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated IL-1R1 knockout in human bronchial epithelial cultures tested IL-1α and IL-1β contributions to mucin production. Spatial transcriptional profiling characterized NCFB distal bronchiolar gene expression. Measurements and Main Results: Bronchiolar perimeters and lumen areas per section area were increased in proximal, but not distal, bronchioles in NCFB versus control lungs, suggesting proximal bronchiolectasis. In NCFB, mucus plugging was observed in ectatic proximal bronchioles and associated nonectatic distal bronchioles in sections with disease. MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins were upregulated in NCFB proximal bronchioles, whereas MUC5B was selectively upregulated in distal bronchioles. Bronchiolar mucus plugs were populated by IL-1β-expressing macrophages. NCFB sterile sputum supernatants induced human bronchial epithelial MUC5B and MUC5AC expression that was >80% blocked by IL-1R1 ablation. Spatial transcriptional profiling identified upregulation of genes associated with secretory cells, hypoxia, interleukin pathways, and IL-1β-producing macrophages in mucus plugs and downregulation of epithelial ciliogenesis genes. Conclusions: NCFB exhibits distinctive proximal and distal bronchiolar disease. Both bronchiolar regions exhibit bronchiolar secretory cell features and mucus plugging but differ in mucin gene regulation and ectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Bioregulatory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Minako Saito
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | | | - Michael Chua
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth N. Olivier
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
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5
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Mottais A, Riberi L, Falco A, Soccal S, Gohy S, De Rose V. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Common Process to Target? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12412. [PMID: 37569787 PMCID: PMC10418908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process, in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial traits and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation has been described in different lung diseases, such as lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other muco-obstructive lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The exaggerated chronic inflammation typical of these pulmonary diseases can induce molecular reprogramming with subsequent self-sustaining aberrant and excessive profibrotic tissue repair. Over time this process leads to structural changes with progressive organ dysfunction and lung function impairment. Although having common signalling pathways, specific triggers and regulation mechanisms might be present in each disease. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms associated with fibrotic changes and airway remodelling involved in chronic airway diseases. Having better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the EMT process may help us to identify specific targets and thus lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit the onset of irreversible structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Mottais
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Falco
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Soccal
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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6
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Ribeiro CMP, Higgs MG, Muhlebach MS, Wolfgang MC, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Cabrini G. Revisiting Host-Pathogen Interactions in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs in the Era of CFTR Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055010. [PMID: 36902441 PMCID: PMC10003689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, a new series of therapeutics that correct and potentiate some classes of mutations of the CFTR, have provided a great therapeutic advantage to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The main hindrances of the present CFTR modulators are related to their limitations in reducing chronic lung bacterial infection and inflammation, the main causes of pulmonary tissue damage and progressive respiratory insufficiency, particularly in adults with CF. Here, the most debated issues of the pulmonary bacterial infection and inflammatory processes in pwCF are revisited. Special attention is given to the mechanisms favoring the bacterial infection of pwCF, the progressive adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its interplay with Staphylococcus aureus, the cross-talk among bacteria, the bronchial epithelial cells and the phagocytes of the host immune defenses. The most recent findings of the effect of CFTR modulators on bacterial infection and the inflammatory process are also presented to provide critical hints towards the identification of relevant therapeutic targets to overcome the respiratory pathology of pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (C.M.P.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Matthew G. Higgs
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marianne S. Muhlebach
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.P.R.); (G.C.)
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7
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Dhote T, Martin C, Regard L, Pesenti L, Kanaan R, Carlier N, Honoré I, Da Silva J, Witko-Sarsat V, Burgel PR. Normalisation of circulating neutrophil counts after 12 months of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.02096-2022. [PMID: 36455960 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02096-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Théo Dhote
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS-UMR-8104, Paris, France
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Clémence Martin
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS-UMR-8104, Paris, France
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucile Regard
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS-UMR-8104, Paris, France
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucie Pesenti
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS-UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Reem Kanaan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Carlier
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Isabelle Honoré
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Da Silva
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS-UMR-8104, Paris, France
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Cystic Fibrosis Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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Izadifar Z, Sontheimer-Phelps A, Lubamba BA, Bai H, Fadel C, Stejskalova A, Ozkan A, Dasgupta Q, Bein A, Junaid A, Gulati A, Mahajan G, Kim S, LoGrande NT, Naziripour A, Ingber DE. Modeling mucus physiology and pathophysiology in human organs-on-chips. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114542. [PMID: 36179916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of human internal organs are lined by a mucus layer that ensures symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiome while protecting against potentially injurious environmental chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, and disruption of this layer can contribute to disease development. Studying mucus biology has been challenging due to the lack of physiologically relevant human in vitro models. Here we review recent progress that has been made in the development of human organ-on-a-chip microfluidic culture models that reconstitute epithelial tissue barriers and physiologically relevant mucus layers with a focus on lung, colon, small intestine, cervix and vagina. These organ-on-a-chip models that incorporate dynamic fluid flow, air-liquid interfaces, and physiologically relevant mechanical cues can be used to study mucus composition, mechanics, and structure, as well as investigate its contributions to human health and disease with a level of biomimicry not possible in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Bob A Lubamba
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Cicely Fadel
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anna Stejskalova
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alican Ozkan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Queeny Dasgupta
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Amir Bein
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abidemi Junaid
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Aakanksha Gulati
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Seongmin Kim
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nina T LoGrande
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Arash Naziripour
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, United Kingdom.
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9
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Martin C, Dhôte T, Ladjemi MZ, Andrieu M, Many S, Karunanithy V, Pène F, Da Silva J, Burgel PR, Witko-Sarsat V. Specific circulating neutrophils subsets are present in clinically stable adults with cystic fibrosis and are further modulated by pulmonary exacerbations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012310. [PMID: 36248793 PMCID: PMC9560797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive lung destruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) is tightly associated with chronic bacterial infection and neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation. CF pulmonary disease is complicated by episodes of acute exacerbations, contributing to irreversible lung damage. We hypothesized that circulating subsets of neutrophils from clinically stable adults with CF present some phenotypic specificities that could amplify their activation during an infectious episode. The aim of the present study was to examine the different neutrophil subsets in whole blood and in the low density neutrophils (LDN) that co-purify with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in clinically stable adults with CF and in CF adults during pulmonary exacerbations compared to healthy donors. Blood samples were obtained from 22 adults with CF (16 in stable state and 6 during pulmonary exacerbations) and from 20 healthy donors. Flow cytometry analysis of 13 different markers related to lineage (CD45, CD15), maturity (CD16, CD10, and CD33), activation (CD62L, CD11b, CD66b, and CD114), metabolism (GLUT-1, LOX1) and immunosuppression (PD1, PD-L1) was carried out within whole blood and within the LDN fraction. Unsupervised analysis of flow cytometry data was performed using visual t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (vi-tSNE). A significant increase in the CD11b expression in neutrophils from CF patients during exacerbations was observed compared to neutrophils from stable CF patients or to healthy donors, indicative of a circulating activation state due to an infectious status. The percentage of LDN was not increased in stable CF patients but increased during exacerbations. Analysis of neutrophil subsets using the double CD16/CD62L labeling revealed a significant increase in the CD16high/CD62Llow subset in all CF patients compared to healthy donors. In contrast, an increase in the CD16low/CD62Lhigh subset was observed only in CF patients during exacerbations. Unsupervised analysis identified a PD-L1high/CD114high population that was present in stable CF patients and as well as in CF patients during exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martin
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pneumologie & Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose, site coordonnateur, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre & Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Théo Dhôte
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pneumologie & Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose, site coordonnateur, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre & Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maha Zohra Ladjemi
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine intensive & Réanimation, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre & Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Souganya Many
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vaarany Karunanithy
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine intensive & Réanimation, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre & Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Da Silva
- Service de Pneumologie & Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose, site coordonnateur, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre & Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pneumologie & Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose, site coordonnateur, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre & Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Véronique Witko-Sarsat,
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10
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Ludovico A, Moran O, Baroni D. Modulator Combination Improves In Vitro the Microrheological Properties of the Airway Surface Liquid of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911396. [PMID: 36232697 PMCID: PMC9569604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a plasma membrane protein expressed on the apical surface of secretory epithelia of the airways. In the airways, defective or absent function of the CFTR protein determines abnormalities of chloride and bicarbonate secretion and, in general, of the transepithelial homeostasis that lead to alterations of airway surface liquid (ASL) composition and properties. The reduction of ASL volume impairs ciliary beating with the consequent accumulation of a sticky mucus. This situation prevents normal mucociliary clearance, favoring the survival and proliferation of bacteria and contributing to the genesis of the CF pulmonary disease. We explored the potential of some CFTR modulators, namely ivacaftor, tezacaftor, elexacaftor and their combination KaftrioTM, capable of partially recovering the basic defects of the CFTR protein, to ameliorate the transepithelial fluid transport and the viscoelastic properties of the mucus when used singly or in combination. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells obtained from CF and non-CF patients were differentiated into a mucociliated epithelia in order to assess the effects of correctors tezacaftor, elexacaftor and their combination with potentiator ivacaftor on the key properties of ASL, such as fluid reabsorption, viscosity, protein content and pH. The treatment of airway epithelia bearing the deletion of a phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) in the CFTR gene with tezacaftor and elexacaftor significantly improved the pericilial fluid composition, reducing the fluid reabsorption, correcting the ASL pH and reducing the viscosity of the mucus. KaftrioTM was more effective than single modulators in improving all the evaluated parameters, demonstrating once more that this combination recently approved for patients 6 years and older with cystic fibrosis who have at least one F508del mutation in the CFTR gene represents a valuable tool to defeat CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debora Baroni
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-647-5559; Fax: +39-010-647-5500
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11
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Mucins and CFTR: Their Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810232. [PMID: 36142171 PMCID: PMC9499620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a critical defense mechanism for the lungs governed by regionally coordinated epithelial cellular activities, including mucin secretion, cilia beating, and transepithelial ion transport. Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, is characterized by failed mucociliary clearance due to abnormal mucus biophysical properties. In recent years, with the development of highly effective modulator therapies, the quality of life of a significant number of people living with CF has greatly improved; however, further understanding the cellular biology relevant to CFTR and airway mucus biochemical interactions are necessary to develop novel therapies aimed at restoring CFTR gene expression in the lungs. In this article, we discuss recent advances of transcriptome analysis at single-cell levels that revealed a heretofore unanticipated close relationship between secretory MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins and CFTR in the lungs. In addition, we review recent findings on airway mucus biochemical and biophysical properties, focusing on how mucin secretion and CFTR-mediated ion transport are integrated to maintain airway mucus homeostasis in health and how CFTR dysfunction and restoration of function affect mucus properties.
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12
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Volpato M, Vialaret J, Hirtz C, Petit A, Suehs C, Patarin J, Matzner-Lober E, Vachier I, Molinari N, Bourdin A, Charriot J. Rheology predicts sputum eosinophilia in patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:64-71. [PMID: 35843096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus is known to play a pathogenic role in muco-obstructive lung diseases, but little is known about the determinants of mucus rheology. The purpose of this study is to determine which sputum components influence sputum rheology in patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases. METHODS We performed a cross sectional prospective cohort study. Spontaneous sputum was collected from consecutive patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases. Sputum rheology was assessed using the Rheomuco® rheometer (Rheonova, Grenoble); the elastic modulus G', viscous modulus G″, and the critical stress threshold σc were recorded. Key quantitative and qualitative biological sputum components were determined by cytology, nucleic acid amplification tests and mass spectrometry. RESULTS 48 patients were included from January to August 2019. Among them, 10 had asthma, 14 COPD and 24 non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB). The critical stress threshold σc predicted a sputum eosinophilia superior to 1.25% with 89.19% accuracy (AUC = 0.8762). G' and G″ are positively correlated with MUC5AC protein concentration ((rho = 0.361; P = .013) and (rho = 0.335; P = .021), respectively). σc was positively correlated with sputum eosinophilia (rho = 0.394; P = .012), MUC5B (rho = 0.552; P < .001) and total protein (rho = 0.490; P < .001) concentrations. G' and G″ were significantly higher in asthma patients (G' = 14.49[7.18-25.26]Pa, G'' = 3.0[2.16-5.38]Pa) compared to COPD (G' = 5.01[2.94-6.48]Pa, P = .010; G'' = 1.45[1.16-1.94]Pa, P = .006) and to NCFB (G' = 4.99[1.49-10.49]Pa, P = .003; G'' = 1.46[0.71-2.47]Pa, P = .002). CONCLUSION In muco-obstructive lung diseases, rheology predicts sputum eosinophilia and is correlated with mucin concentrations, regardless of the underlying disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION (registrar, website, and registration number), where applicable NCT04081740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Volpato
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jerome Vialaret
- Clinical Proteomics Platform, LBPC, IRMB, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- Clinical Proteomics Platform, LBPC, IRMB, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
| | - Aurélie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Medecine Biologie Meditérrannée, France.
| | - Carey Suehs
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Medical Information, Montpellier University Hospitals, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier Cedex, France.
| | - Jérémy Patarin
- Rheonova, domaine universitaire, 1270 rue de la piscine, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
| | - Eric Matzner-Lober
- Continuing Education ENSAE-ENSAI (CEPE), Rennes University 2, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Nicolas Molinari
- Department of Medical Information, Montpellier University Hospitals, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier Cedex, France; IMAG, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp INSERM U1046, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jeremy Charriot
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp INSERM U1046, Montpellier, France.
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13
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has affected millions of lives. Individuals who survive severe COVID-19 can experience sustained respiratory symptoms that persist for months after initial infection. In other airway diseases, abnormal airway mucus contributes to sustained airway symptoms. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway mucus has received limited attention. In the current review, we assess literature describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway pathophysiology with specific emphasis on mucus production. Accumulating evidence suggests that the 2 major secreted airway mucin glycoproteins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, are abnormal in some patients with COVID-19. Aberrations in MUC5AC or MUC5B in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely due to inflammation, though the responsible mechanisms have yet to be determined. Thus, we also provide a proposed model highlighting mechanisms that can contribute to acute and sustained mucus abnormalities in SARS-CoV-2, with an emphasis on inflammatory cells and mediators, including mast cells and histamine. Last, we bring to light the challenges of studying abnormal mucus production in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss the strengths and limitations of model systems commonly used to study COVID-19. The evidence to date suggests that ferrets, nonhuman primates, and cats may have advantages over other models to investigate mucus in COVID-19.
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14
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Martin C, Regard L, Chassagnon G, Burgel PR. Change in Lung Function after Initiation of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor: Do Not Forget Anatomy! Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1365-1366. [PMID: 35358030 PMCID: PMC9873117 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2852le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martin
- Université de ParisParis, France,Cochin HospitalParis, France,European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory DiseasesFrankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucile Regard
- Université de ParisParis, France,Cochin HospitalParis, France,European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory DiseasesFrankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université de ParisParis, France,Cochin HospitalParis, France,European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory DiseasesFrankfurt, Germany,Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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15
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Keith JD, Henderson AG, Fernandez-Petty CM, Davis JM, Oden AM, Birket SE. Muc5b Contributes to Mucus Abnormality in Rat Models of Cystic Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:884166. [PMID: 35574458 PMCID: PMC9096080 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.884166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by excessive and accumulative mucus in the airways. Mucociliary clearance becomes defective as mucus secretions become hyperconcentrated and viscosity increases. The CFTR-knockout (KO) rat has been previously shown to progressively develop delayed mucociliary transport, secondary to increased viscoelasticity of airway secretions. The humanized-G551D CFTR rat model has demonstrated that abnormal mucociliary clearance and hyperviscosity is reversed by ivacaftor treatment. In this study, we sought to identify the components of mucus that changes as the rat ages to contribute to these abnormalities. We found that Muc5b concentrations, and to a lesser extent Muc5ac, in the airway were increased in the KO rat compared to WT, and that Muc5b concentration was directly related to the viscosity of the mucus. Additionally, we found that methacholine administration to the airway exacerbates these characteristics of disease in the KO, but not WT rat trachea. Lastly we determined that at 6 months of age, CF rats had mucus that was adherent to the airway epithelium, a process that is reversed by ivacaftor therapy in the hG551D rat. Overall, these data indicate that accumulation of Muc5b initiates the muco-obstructive process in the CF lung prior to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan D Keith
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexander G Henderson
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Courtney M Fernandez-Petty
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joy M Davis
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ashley M Oden
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Susan E Birket
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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16
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Henderson AG, Davis JM, Keith JD, Green ME, Oden AM, Rowe SM, Birket SE. Static mucus impairs bacterial clearance and allows chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis rat. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2101032. [PMID: 35115338 PMCID: PMC9944330 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01032-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterised by chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Successful eradication strategies have been hampered by a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying conversion to chronicity. The CFTR-knockout (KO) rat harbors a progressive defect in mucociliary transport and viscosity. KO rats were infected before and after the appearance of the mucus defect, using a clinical, mucoid-isolate of P. aeruginosa embedded in agarose beads. Young KO rats that were exposed to bacteria before the development of mucociliary transport defects resolved the infection and subsequent tissue damage. However, older KO rats that were infected in the presence of hyperviscous and static mucus were unable to eradicate bacteria, but instead had bacterial persistence through 28 days post-infection that was accompanied by airway mucus occlusion and lingering inflammation. Normal rats responded to infection with increased mucociliary transport to supernormal rates, which reduced the severity of a second bacterial exposure. We therefore conclude that the aberrant mucus present in the CF airway permits persistence of P. aeruginosa in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Henderson
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joy M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Johnathan D Keith
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Morgan E Green
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashley M Oden
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan E Birket
- Department of Medicine and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Immunoglobulin A Mucosal Immunity and Altered Respiratory Epithelium in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123603. [PMID: 34944110 PMCID: PMC8700636 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium represents the first chemical, immune, and physical barrier against inhaled noxious materials, particularly pathogens in cystic fibrosis. Local mucus thickening, altered mucociliary clearance, and reduced pH due to CFTR protein dysfunction favor bacterial overgrowth and excessive inflammation. We aimed in this review to summarize respiratory mucosal alterations within the epithelium and current knowledge on local immunity linked to immunoglobulin A in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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18
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Collin AM, Lecocq M, Detry B, Carlier FM, Bouzin C, de Sany P, Hoton D, Verleden S, Froidure A, Pilette C, Gohy S. Loss of ciliated cells and altered airway epithelial integrity in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:e129-e139. [PMID: 34657818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cystic fibrosis, the respiratory epithelium is the target tissue of both the genetic abnormality of the disease and of external aggressions, notably by pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A detailed characterisation of the cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium is however lacking, as most previous studies focused on the nasal epithelium or on cell lines. This study aimed to characterise the abnormal phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium and to evaluate in cell cultures whether abnormalities persist ex vivo. METHODS Explant lung tissues (n = 44) were assessed for bronchial epithelial cell phenotyping by immunostaining. Human bronchial epithelial cells were derived from basal cells isolated from cystic fibrosis patients or control donors and cultured in air-liquid interface for 2, 4 or 6 weeks. RESULTS Enhanced mucin 5AC and decreased β-tubulin expression were observed in cystic fibrosis airways reflecting a decreased ciliated/goblet cell ratio, associated with increased number of vimentin-positive cells, indicating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. These features were recapitulated in vitro, in cystic fibrosis-derived reconstituted epithelium. However, they were not induced by CFTR inhibition or Pseudomonas infection, and most abnormalities tended to disappear in long-term culture (6 weeks) except for increased fibronectin release, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into airway epithelial changes in cystic fibrosis, which are imprinted through an acquired mechanism that we could not relate to CFTR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine M Collin
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marylène Lecocq
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Detry
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - François M Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Sany
- Pole of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Hoton
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verleden
- Lung Transplant Unit, Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of chronic disease, metabolism and aging, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Centre de référence pour la mucoviscidose, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Okuda K, Dang H, Kobayashi Y, Carraro G, Nakano S, Chen G, Kato T, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Morton LC, Lee RE, Mascenik T, Yin WN, Barbosa Cardenas SM, O'Neal YK, Minnick CE, Chua M, Quinney NL, Gentzsch M, Anderson CW, Ghio A, Matsui H, Nagase T, Ostrowski LE, Grubb BR, Olsen JC, Randell SH, Stripp BR, Tata PR, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Secretory Cells Dominate Airway CFTR Expression and Function in Human Airway Superficial Epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1275-1289. [PMID: 33321047 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3198oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Identification of the specific cell types expressing CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) is required for precision medicine therapies for CF. However, a full characterization of CFTR expression in normal human airway epithelia is missing. Objectives: To identify the cell types that contribute to CFTR expression and function within the proximal-distal axis of the normal human lung. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on freshly isolated human large and small airway epithelial cells. scRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and single-cell qRT-PCR were performed for validation. In vitro culture systems correlated CFTR function with cell types. Lentiviruses were used for cell type-specific transduction of wild-type CFTR in CF cells. Measurements and Main Results: scRNA-seq identified secretory cells as dominating CFTR expression in normal human large and, particularly, small airway superficial epithelia, followed by basal cells. Ionocytes expressed the highest CFTR levels but were rare, whereas the expression in ciliated cells was infrequent and low. scRNA ISH and single-cell qRT-PCR confirmed the scRNA-seq findings. CF lungs exhibited distributions of CFTR and ionocytes similar to those of normal control subjects. CFTR mediated Cl- secretion in cultures tracked secretory cell, but not ionocyte, densities. Furthermore, the nucleotide-purinergic regulatory system that controls CFTR-mediated hydration was associated with secretory cells and not with ionocytes. Lentiviral transduction of wild-type CFTR produced CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in CF airway secretory cells but not in ciliated cells. Conclusions: Secretory cells dominate CFTR expression and function in human airway superficial epithelia. CFTR therapies may need to restore CFTR function to multiple cell types, with a focus on secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Lisa C Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | | | - Michael Chua
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Carlton W Anderson
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Ghio
- Clinical Research Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- Center for Respiratory Disease, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - John C Olsen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
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20
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Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Regard L, Martin C, Teillaud JL, Lafoeste H, Vicaire H, Ladjemi MZ, Ollame-Omvane E, Sibéril S, Burgel PR. Effective control of Staphylococcus aureus lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00768-2020. [PMID: 33093122 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00768-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are triggered by persistent bronchopulmonary infection with Staphylococcus aureus, but their roles remain elusive. The present study sought to examine the effects of B- and/or T-cell depletion on S. aureus infection and TLS development (lymphoid neogenesis) in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were pre-treated with 1) an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (B-cell depletion) or 2) an anti-CD4 and/or an anti-CD8 mAb (T-cell depletion) or 3) a combination of anti-CD20, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs (combined B- and T-cell depletion) or 4) isotype control mAbs. After lymphocyte depletion, mice were infected by intratracheal instillation of agarose beads containing S. aureus (106 CFU per mouse). 14 days later, bacterial load and lung inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by cultures and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS 14 days after S. aureus-bead instillation, lung bacterial load was comparable between control and lymphocyte-depleted mice. While TLS were observed in the lungs of infected mice pre-treated with control mAbs, these structures were disorganised or abolished in the lungs of lymphocyte-depleted mice. The absence of CD20+ B-lymphocytes had no effect on CD3+ T-lymphocyte infiltration, whereas CD4+/CD8+ T-cell depletion markedly reduced CD20+ B-cell infiltration. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells separately had limited effect on B-cell infiltration, but led to the absence of germinal centres. CONCLUSION TLS disorganisation is not associated with loss of infection control in mice persistently infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Martin
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Lafoeste
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Vicaire
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Emilie Ollame-Omvane
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France .,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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22
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Okuda K, Randell SH, Birket SE. The Big Impact of Small Airway pH. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:123-125. [PMID: 33831321 PMCID: PMC8399579 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0070ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan E Birket
- Department of Medicine The University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Burgel PR, Durieu I, Chiron R, Mely L, Prevotat A, Murris-Espin M, Porzio M, Abely M, Reix P, Marguet C, Macey J, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Corvol H, Bui S, Biouhee T, Hubert D, Munck A, Lemonnier L, Dehillotte C, Silva JD, Paillasseur JL, Martin C. Clinical response to lumacaftor-ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis according to baseline lung function. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:220-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Massip-Copiz MM, Valdivieso ÁG, Clauzure M, Mori C, Asensio CJA, Aguilar MÁ, Santa-Coloma TA. Epidermal growth factor receptor activity upregulates lactate dehydrogenase A expression, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and lactate secretion in cultured IB3-1 cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:476-487. [PMID: 33481676 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. It has been postulated that reduced HCO3- transport through CFTR may lead to a decreased airway surface liquid pH. In contrast, others have reported no changes in the extracellular pH (pHe). We have recently reported that in carcinoma Caco-2/pRS26 cells (transfected with short hairpin RNA for CFTR) or CF lung epithelial IB3-1 cells, the mutation in CFTR decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and increased lactic acid production, owing to an autocrine IL-1β loop. The secreted lactate accounted for the reduced pHe, because oxamate fully restored the pHe. These effects were attributed to the IL-1β autocrine loop and the downstream signaling kinases c-Src and JNK. Here we show that the pHe of IB3-1 cells can be restored to normal values (∼7.4) by incubation with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, HER1, ErbB1) inhibitors AG1478 and PD168393. PD168393 fully restored the pHe values of IB3-1 cells, suggesting that the reduced pHe is mainly due to increased EGFR activity and lactate. Also, in IB3-1 cells, lactate dehydrogenase A mRNA, protein expression, and activity are downregulated when EGFR is inhibited. Thus, a constitutive EGFR activation seems to be responsible for the reduced pHe in IB3-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Macarena Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Clauzure
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Consuelo Mori
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian J A Asensio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Á Aguilar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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El-Hashim AZ, Khajah MA, Orabi KY, Balakrishnan S, Sary HG, Abdelali AA. Onion Bulb Extract Downregulates EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT Signaling Pathway and Synergizes With Steroids to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:551683. [PMID: 33123005 PMCID: PMC7567342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.551683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of allergic diseases, such as asthma, with both conventional and novel therapies presents a challenge both in terms of optimal effect and cost. On the other hand, traditional therapies utilizing natural products such as onion have been in use for centuries with demonstrated efficacy and safety but without much knowledge of their mechanims of action. In this study, we investigated if the anti-inflammatory effects of onion bulb extract (OBE) are mediated via the modulation of the EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT signaling pathway, and whether OBE can synergise with steroids to produce greater anti-inflammatory actions. Treatment with OBE inhibited the house dust mite (HDM)-induced increased phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2 and AKT which resulted in the inhibition of HDM-induced increase in airway cellular influx, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, and also inhibited ex vivo eosinophil chemotaxis. Moreover, treatment with a combination of a low dose OBE and low dose dexamethasone resulted in a significant inhibition of the HDM-induced cellular influx, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, and increased the pERK1/2 levels, whereas neither treatment, when given alone, had any discernible effects. This study therefore shows that inhibition of the EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT-dependent signaling pathway is one of the key mechanisms by which OBE can mediate its anti-inflammatory effects in diseases such as asthma. Importantly, this study also demonstrates that combining OBE with steroids results in significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. This action may have important potential implications for future asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maitham A Khajah
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Y Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sowmya Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hanan G Sary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ala A Abdelali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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26
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Liao YSJ, Collins EN, Guevara MV, Schurmann V, Atanasova KR, Bravo L, Sponchiado M, Hoegger MJ, Reznikov LR. Airway cholinergic history modifies mucus secretion properties to subsequent cholinergic challenge in diminished chloride and bicarbonate conditions. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1673-1683. [PMID: 32735372 DOI: 10.1113/ep088900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of airway cholinergic history on the properties of airway mucus secretion in a cystic fibrosis-like environment? What is the main finding and its importance? Prior cholinergic challenge slightly modifies the characteristics of mucus secretion in response to a second cholinergic challenge in a diminished bicarbonate and chloride transport environment. Such modifications might lead to retention of mucus on the airway surface, thereby potentiating exacerbations of airway disease. ABSTRACT Viral infections precipitate exacerbations in many airway diseases, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. Although viral infections increase cholinergic transmission, few studies have examined how cholinergic history modifies subsequent cholinergic responses in the airway. In our previous work, we found that airway resistance in response to a second cholinergic challenge was increased in young pigs with a history of airway cholinergic stimulation. Given that mucus secretion is regulated by the cholinergic nervous system and that abnormal airway mucus contributes to exacerbations of airway disease, we hypothesized that prior cholinergic challenge would also modify subsequent mucus responses to a secondary cholinergic challenge. Using our established cholinergic challenge-rechallenge model in pigs, we atomized the cholinergic agonist bethanechol or saline control to pig airways. Forty-eight hours later, we removed tracheas and measured mucus secretion properties in response to a second cholinergic stimulation. The second cholinergic stimulation was conducted in conditions of diminished chloride and bicarbonate transport to mimic a cystic fibrosis-like environment. In pigs previously challenged with bethanechol, a second cholinergic stimulation produced a mild increase in sheet-like mucus films; these films were scarcely observed in animals originally challenged with saline control. The subtle increase in mucus films was not associated with changes in mucociliary transport. These data suggest that prior cholinergic history might modify mucus secretion characteristics with subsequent stimulation in certain environmental conditions or disease states. Such modifications and/or more repetitive stimulation might lead to retention of mucus on the airway surface, thereby potentiating exacerbations of airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shin J Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily N Collins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Veronica Schurmann
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark J Hoegger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Liao YSJ, Kuan SP, Guevara MV, Collins EN, Atanasova KR, Dadural JS, Vogt K, Schurmann V, Bravo L, Eken E, Sponchiado M, Reznikov LR. Acid exposure disrupts mucus secretion and impairs mucociliary transport in neonatal piglet airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L873-L887. [PMID: 32160007 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00025.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenacious mucus produced by tracheal and bronchial submucosal glands is a defining feature of several airway diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway acidification as a driving force of CF airway pathology has been controversial. Here we tested the hypothesis that transient airway acidification produces pathologic mucus and impairs mucociliary transport. We studied pigs challenged with intra-airway acid. Acid had a minimal effect on mucus properties under basal conditions. However, cholinergic stimulation in acid-challenged pigs revealed retention of mucin 5B (MUC5B) in the submucosal glands, decreased concentrations of MUC5B in the lung lavage fluid, and airway obstruction. To more closely mimic a CF-like environment, we also examined mucus secretion and transport following cholinergic stimulation under diminished bicarbonate and chloride transport conditions ex vivo. Under these conditions, airways from acid-challenged pigs displayed extensive mucus films and decreased mucociliary transport. Pretreatment with diminazene aceturate, a small molecule with ability to inhibit acid detection through blockade of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) at the doses provided, did not prevent acid-induced pathologic mucus or transport defects but did mitigate airway obstruction. These findings suggest that transient airway acidification early in life has significant impacts on mucus secretion and transport properties. Furthermore, they highlight diminazene aceturate as an agent that might be beneficial in alleviating airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shin J Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shin Ping Kuan
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria V Guevara
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Emily N Collins
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua S Dadural
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kevin Vogt
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Veronica Schurmann
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eda Eken
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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28
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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin-A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030836. [PMID: 32012925 PMCID: PMC7037267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder arising from mutations to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Disruption to normal ion homeostasis in the airway results in impaired mucociliary clearance, leaving the lung more vulnerable to recurrent and chronic bacterial infections. The CF lung endures an excess of neutrophilic inflammation, and whilst neutrophil serine proteases are a crucial part of the innate host defence to infection, a surplus of neutrophil elastase (NE) is understood to create a net destructive effect. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a key antiprotease in the control of NE protease activity but is ineffective in the CF lung due to the huge imbalance of NE levels. Therapeutic strategies to boost levels of protective antiproteases such as A1AT in the lung remain an attractive research strategy to limit the damage from excess protease activity. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind specific cognate sequences to inhibit expression of target mRNAs. The inhibition of miRNAs which target the SERPINA1 (A1AT-encoding gene) mRNA represents a novel therapeutic approach for CF inflammation. This could involve the delivery of antagomirs that bind and sequester the target miRNA, or target site blockers that bind miRNA recognition elements within the target mRNA to prevent miRNA interaction. Therefore, miRNA targeted therapies offer an alternative strategy to drive endogenous A1AT production and thus supplement the antiprotease shield of the CF lung.
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29
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Okuda K, Chen G, Subramani DB, Wolf M, Gilmore RC, Kato T, Radicioni G, Kesimer M, Chua M, Dang H, Livraghi-Butrico A, Ehre C, Doerschuk CM, Randell SH, Matsui H, Nagase T, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Localization of Secretory Mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in Normal/Healthy Human Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:715-727. [PMID: 30352166 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0734oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE MUC5AC and MUC5B are the predominant gel-forming mucins in the mucus layer of human airways. Each mucin has distinct functions and site-specific expression. However, the regional distribution of expression and cell types that secrete each mucin in normal/healthy human airways are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To characterize the regional distribution of MUC5B and MUC5AC in normal/healthy human airways and assess which cell types produce these mucins, referenced to the club cell secretory protein (CCSP). METHODS Multiple airway regions from 16 nonsmoker lungs without a history of lung disease were studied. MUC5AC, MUC5B, and CCSP expression/colocalization were assessed by RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in five lungs with histologically healthy airways. Droplet digital PCR and cell cultures were performed for absolute quantification of MUC5AC/5B ratios and protein secretion, respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Submucosal glands expressed MUC5B, but not MUC5AC. However, MUC5B was also extensively expressed in superficial epithelia throughout the airways except for the terminal bronchioles. Morphometric calculations revealed that the distal airway superficial epithelium was the predominant site for MUC5B expression, whereas MUC5AC expression was concentrated in proximal, cartilaginous airways. RNA in situ hybridization revealed MUC5AC and MUC5B were colocalized with CCSP-positive secretory cells in proximal superficial epithelia, whereas MUC5B and CCSP-copositive cells dominated distal regions. CONCLUSIONS In normal/healthy human airways, MUC5B is the dominant secretory mucin in the superficial epithelium and glands, with distal airways being a major site of expression. MUC5B and MUC5AC expression is a property of CCSP-positive secretory cells in superficial airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Durai B Subramani
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Monroe Wolf
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Takafumi Kato
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Chua
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Dang
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Camille Ehre
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- 2 Center for Respiratory Diseases, Tokyo National Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; and the
| | - Takahide Nagase
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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30
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Atanasova KR, Reznikov LR. Strategies for measuring airway mucus and mucins. Respir Res 2019; 20:261. [PMID: 31752894 PMCID: PMC6873701 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus secretion and mucociliary transport are essential defense mechanisms of the airways. Deviations in mucus composition and secretion can impede mucociliary transport and elicit airway obstruction. As such, mucus abnormalities are hallmark features of many respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studying mucus composition and its physical properties has therefore been of significant interest both clinically and scientifically. Yet, measuring mucus production, output, composition and transport presents several challenges. Here we summarize and discuss the advantages and limitations of several techniques from five broadly characterized strategies used to measure mucus secretion, composition and mucociliary transport, with an emphasis on the gel-forming mucins. Further, we summarize advances in the field, as well as suggest potential areas of improvement moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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31
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Martin C, Regard L, Burgel PR. Cured bronchi! Extending the use of nebulised hypertonic saline outside of cystic fibrosis? Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/5/1800755. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00755-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL. Gel-forming mucin interactome drives mucus viscoelasticity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:69-82. [PMID: 29329667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a hydrogel that constitutes the first innate defense in all mammals. The main organic component of mucus, gel-forming mucins, forms a complex network through both reversible and irreversible interactions that drive mucus gel formation. Significant advances in the understanding of irreversible gel-forming mucins assembly have been made using recombinant protein approaches. However, little is known about the reversible interactions that may finely modulate mucus viscoelasticity, which can be characterized using rheology. This approach can be used to investigate both the nature of gel-forming mucins interactions and factors that influence hydrogel formation. This knowledge is directly relevant to the development of new drugs to modulate mucus viscoelasticity and to restore normal mucus functions in diseases such as in cystic fibrosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the mucus protein matrix and its functions, with emphasis on mucus viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Constrictive Bronchiolitis in Cystic Fibrosis Adolescents with Refractory Pulmonary Decline. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 13:2174-2183. [PMID: 27684511 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201412-594oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Refractory lung function decline in association with recurrent pulmonary exacerbations is a common, yet poorly explained finding in cystic fibrosis (CF). To investigate the histopathologic mechanisms of pulmonary deterioration during adolescence and early adulthood, we reviewed clinically-indicated lung biopsy specimens obtained during a period of persistent decline. OBJECTIVES To determine if peribronchiolar remodeling is prominent in lung biopsy specimens obtained in adolescents with CF refractory to conventional therapy. METHODS Six adolescents with CF (mean age, 16.2 y; mean FEV1, 52% predicted at biopsy) with significant pulmonary deterioration over 12-24 months (mean FEV1 decline of 14% predicted/year) despite aggressive intervention underwent computed tomography imaging and ultimately lung biopsy to aid clinical management. In addition to routine clinical evaluation, histopathologic investigation included staining for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β, a genetic modifier of CF lung disease), collagen deposition (a marker of fibrosis), elastin (to evaluate for bronchiectasis), and α-smooth muscle actin (to identify myofibroblasts). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS All computed tomography scans demonstrated a mix of bronchiectasis and hyperinflation that was variable across lung regions and within patients. Lung biopsy revealed significant peribronchiolar remodeling, particularly in patients with more advanced disease, with near complete obliteration of the peribronchiolar lumen (constrictive bronchiolitis). Myofibroblast differentiation (a TGF-β-dependent process) was prominent in specimens with significant airway remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Constrictive bronchiolitis is widely present in the lung tissue of adolescents with CF with advanced disease and may contribute to impaired lung function that is refractory to conventional therapy (antibiotics, antiinflammatories, and mucolytics). TGF-β-dependent myofibroblast differentiation is prominent in areas of active fibrogenesis and may foster small airway remodeling in CF lung disease.
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A slippery slope: On the origin, role and physiology of mucus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:16-33. [PMID: 29108861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, nose, lungs, cervix and vagina is lined by epithelium interspersed with mucus-secreting goblet cells, all of which contribute to their unique functions. This mucus provides an integral defence to the epithelium against noxious agents and pathogens. However, it can equally act as a barrier to drugs and delivery systems targeting epithelial passive and active transport mechanisms. This review highlights the various mucins expressed at different mucosal surfaces on the human body, and their role in creating a mucoid architecture to protect epithelia with specialized functions. Various factors compromising the barrier properties of mucus have been discussed, with an emphasis on how disease states and microbiota can alter the physical properties of mucus. For instance, Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium found in higher levels in the gut of lean individuals induces the production of a thickened gut mucus layer. The aims of this article are to elucidate the different physiological, biochemical and physical properties of bodily mucus, a keen appreciation of which will help circumvent the slippery slope of challenges faced in achieving effective mucosal drug and gene delivery.
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Birket SE, Davis JM, Fernandez CM, Tuggle KL, Oden AM, Chu KK, Tearney GJ, Fanucchi MV, Sorscher EJ, Rowe SM. Development of an airway mucus defect in the cystic fibrosis rat. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97199. [PMID: 29321377 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the development and natural progression of the airway mucus defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) remain largely unclear. New animal models of CF, coupled with imaging using micro-optical coherence tomography, can lead to insights regarding these questions. The Cftr-/- (KO) rat allows for longitudinal examination of the development and progression of airway mucus abnormalities. The KO rat exhibits decreased periciliary depth, hyperacidic pH, and increased mucus solid content percentage; however, the transport rates and viscoelastic properties of the mucus are unaffected until the KO rat ages. Airway submucosal gland hypertrophy develops in the KO rat by 6 months of age. Only then does it induce increased mucus viscosity, collapse of the periciliary layer, and delayed mucociliary transport; stimulation of gland secretion potentiates this evolution. These findings could be reversed by bicarbonate repletion but not pH correction without counterion donation. These studies demonstrate that abnormal surface epithelium in CF does not cause delayed mucus transport in the absence of functional gland secretions. Furthermore, abnormal bicarbonate transport represents a specific target for restoring mucus clearance, independent of effects on periciliary collapse. Thus, mature airway secretions are required to manifest the CF defect primed by airway dehydration and bicarbonate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Birket
- Department of Medicine and.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine L Tuggle
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Kengyeh K Chu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle V Fanucchi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine and.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cellular, Developmental, and Integrative Biology and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Reid AT, Veerati PC, Gosens R, Bartlett NW, Wark PA, Grainge CL, Stick SM, Kicic A, Moheimani F, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Persistent induction of goblet cell differentiation in the airways: Therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:155-169. [PMID: 29287707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated induction of goblet cell differentiation results in excessive production and retention of mucus and is a common feature of several chronic airways diseases. To date, therapeutic strategies to reduce mucus accumulation have focused primarily on altering the properties of the mucus itself, or have aimed to limit the production of mucus-stimulating cytokines. Here we review the current knowledge of key molecular pathways that are dysregulated during persistent goblet cell differentiation and highlights both pre-existing and novel therapeutic strategies to combat this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris L Grainge
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Guan X, Hou Y, Sun F, Yang Z, Li C. Dysregulated Chemokine Signaling in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 17:1535-44. [PMID: 26648071 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666151209120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CF lung disease is characterized by a chronic and non-resolving activation of the innate immune system with excessive release of chemokines/cytokines including IL-8 and persistent infiltration of immune cells, mainly neutrophils, into the airways. Chronic infection and impaired immune response eventually lead to pulmonary damage characterized by bronchiectasis, emphysema, and lung fibrosis. As a complete knowledge of the pathways responsible for the exaggerated inflammatory response in CF lung disease is lacking, understanding these pathways could reveal new therapeutic targets, and lead to novel treatments. Therefore, there is a strong rationale for the identification of mechanisms and pathways underlying the exaggerated inflammatory response in CF lung disease. This article reviews the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, with a focus on the dysregulated signaling involved in the overexpression of chemokine IL-8 and excessive recruitment of neutrophils in CF airways. The findings suggest that targeting the exaggerated IL-8/IL-8 receptor (mainly CXCR2) signaling pathway in immune cells (especially neutrophils) may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine. 540 E. Canfield Avenue, 5312 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine. 540 E. Canfield Avenue, 5312 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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38
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Marteyn BS, Burgel PR, Meijer L, Witko-Sarsat V. Harnessing Neutrophil Survival Mechanisms during Chronic Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel Therapeutic Targets to Dampen Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:243. [PMID: 28713772 PMCID: PMC5492487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two decades after cloning the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, the defective gene in cystic fibrosis (CF), we still do not understand how dysfunction of this ion channel causes lung disease and the tremendous neutrophil burden which persists within the airways; nor why chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa develops in CF patients who are thought to be immunocompetent. It appears that the microenvironment within the lung of CF patients provides favorable conditions for both P. aeruginosa colonization and neutrophil survival. In this context, the ability of bacteria to induce hypoxia, which in turn affects neutrophil survival is an additional level of complexity that needs to be accounted for when controlling neutrophil fate in CF. Recent studies have underscored the importance of neutrophils in innate immunity and their functions appear to extend far beyond their well-described role in antibacterial defense. Perhaps a disturbance in neutrophil reprogramming during the course of an infection severely modulates the inflammatory response in CF. Furthermore there is an emerging concept that the CFTR itself may be an immune modulator and stimulating CFTR function in CF patients could promote neutrophil and macrophages antimicrobial function. Fostering the resolution of inflammation by favoring neutrophil apoptosis could preserve their microbicidal activities but decrease their proinflammatory potential. In this context, triggering neutrophil apoptosis with roscovitine may be a potential therapeutic option and this is currently being evaluated in CF patients. In the present review we discuss how neutrophils functions are disturbed in CF and how this may relate to chronic infection with P. aeuginosa and we propose novel research directions aimed at modulating neutrophil survival, dampening lung inflammation and ultimately leading to an amelioration of the lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît S Marteyn
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut PasteurParis, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U12021202Paris, France.,Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.,Pneumology Department, Hôpital CochinParis, France
| | | | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016, Institut CochinParis, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 8104Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex InflamexParis, France
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Martin C, Ohayon D, Alkan M, Mocek J, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Candalh C, Thevenot G, Millet A, Tamassia N, Cassatella MA, Thieblemont N, Burgel PR, Witko-Sarsat V. Neutrophil-Expressed p21/waf1 Favors Inflammation Resolution in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:740-50. [PMID: 26517580 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0047oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-associated inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is a determinant of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). Neutrophil apoptosis is a key factor in inflammation resolution and is controlled by cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). p21/Waf1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is a partner of PCNA, and its mRNA is up-regulated in human neutrophils during LPS challenge. We show here that, after 7 days of persistent infection with P. aeruginosa, neutrophilic inflammation was more prominent in p21(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, no intrinsic defect in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages was found in p21(-/-) compared with WT mice. Inflammatory cell analysis in peritoneal lavages after zymosan-induced peritonitis showed a significantly increased number of neutrophils at 48 hours in p21(-/-) compared with WT mice. In vitro analysis was consistent with delayed neutrophil apoptosis in p21(-/-) compared with WT mice. Ectopic expression of p21/waf1 in neutrophil-differentiated PLB985 cells potentiated apoptosis and reversed the prosurvival effect of PCNA. In human neutrophils, p21 messenger RNA was induced by TNF-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and LPS. Neutrophils isolated from patients with CF showed enhanced survival, which was reduced after treatment with a carboxy-peptide derived from the sequence of p21/waf1. Notably, p21/waf1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in neutrophils within lungs from patients with CF. Our data reveal a novel role for p21/waf1 in the resolution of inflammation via its ability to control neutrophil apoptosis. This mechanism may be relevant in the neutrophil-dominated inflammation observed in CF and other chronic inflammatory lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martin
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,2 Department of Pneumology, Cochin Hospital, France
| | - Delphine Ohayon
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Manal Alkan
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Julie Mocek
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Céline Candalh
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Guiti Thevenot
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Millet
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- 6 Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nathalie Thieblemont
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,2 Department of Pneumology, Cochin Hospital, France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
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Bergougnoux A, Petit A, Knabe L, Bribes E, Chiron R, De Sario A, Claustres M, Molinari N, Vachier I, Taulan-Cadars M, Bourdin A. The HDAC inhibitor SAHA does not rescue CFTR membrane expression in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:124-132. [PMID: 28478266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of suitable Cystic Fibrosis (CF) models for preclinical bench tests of therapeutic candidates is challenging. Indeed, the validation of molecules to rescue the p.Phe508del-CFTR channel (encoded by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator gene carrying the p.Phe508del mutation) requires taking into account their overall effects on the epithelium. Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), was previously shown to be a CFTR corrector via proteostasis modulation in CFTR-deficient immortalized cells. Here, we tested SAHA effects on goblet cell metaplasia using an ex vivo model based on the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of differentiated airway epithelial cells obtained by nasal scraping from CF patients and healthy controls. Ex vivo epithelium grew successfully in ALI cultures with significant rise in the expression of CFTR and of markers of airway epithelial differentiation compared to monolayer cell culture. SAHA decreased CFTR transcript and protein levels in CF and non-CF epithelia. Whereas SAHA induced lysine hyperacetylation, it did not change histone modifications at the CFTR promoter. SAHA reduced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression and inhibited goblet epithelial cell differentiation. Similar effects were obtained in CF and non-CF epithelia. All the effects were fully reversible within five days from SAHA withdrawal. We conclude that, ex vivo, SAHA modulate the structure of airway epithelia without specific effect on CFTR gene and protein suggesting that HDACi cannot be useful for CF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bergougnoux
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France; EA7402, Rare Diseases Laboratory, University of Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France.
| | - Aurélie Petit
- Respiratory Disease Department - CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France
| | - Lucie Knabe
- Respiratory Disease Department - CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier F-34295, France
| | - Estelle Bribes
- Respiratory Disease Department - CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France
| | - Raphaël Chiron
- Respiratory Disease Department - CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France
| | - Albertina De Sario
- EA7402, Rare Diseases Laboratory, University of Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France
| | - Mireille Claustres
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France; EA7402, Rare Diseases Laboratory, University of Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier F-34295, France; Service DIM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Respiratory Disease Department - CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France
| | - Magali Taulan-Cadars
- EA7402, Rare Diseases Laboratory, University of Montpellier, Montpellier F-34093, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Respiratory Disease Department - CHU Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier F-34295, France
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Frija-Masson J, Martin C, Regard L, Lothe MN, Touqui L, Durand A, Lucas B, Damotte D, Alifano M, Fajac I, Burgel PR. Bacteria-driven peribronchial lymphoid neogenesis in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/4/1601873. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01873-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterise lymphoid neogenesis in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs and to examine the role of bacterial infection.Lymphoid aggregates were examined using immunohistochemical staining and morphometric analysis in surgical lung sections obtained from nonsmokers and patients with bronchiectasis or CF. Sterile, Pseudomonas aeruginosa- or Staphylococcus aureus-coated agarose beads were instilled intratracheally in mice. Kinetics of lymphoid neogenesis and chemokine expression were examined over 14 days.Lymphoid aggregates were scarce in human lungs of nonsmokers, but numerous peribronchial lymphoid aggregates containing B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, germinal centres and high endothelial venules were found in bronchiectasis and CF. Mouse lungs contained no lymphoid aggregate at baseline. During persistent P. aeruginosa or S. aureus airway infection peribronchial lymphoid neogenesis occurred. At day 14 after instillation, lymphoid aggregates expressed markers of tertiary lymphoid organs and the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13. The airway epithelium was an important site of CXCL12, CXCL13 and interleukin-17A expression, which began at day 1 after instillation.Peribronchial tertiary lymphoid organs are present in bronchiectasis and in CF, and persistent bacterial infection triggered peribronchial lymphoid neogenesis in mice. Peribronchial localisation of tertiary lymphoid organs and epithelial expression of chemokines suggest roles for airway epithelium in lymphoid neogenesis.
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42
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Eickmeier O, Fussbroich D, Mueller K, Serve F, Smaczny C, Zielen S, Schubert R. Pro-resolving lipid mediator Resolvin D1 serves as a marker of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171249. [PMID: 28158236 PMCID: PMC5291435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the lungs, pancreas, liver and intestine. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) locus lead to defective proteins and reduced Cl- secretion and Na+ hyperabsorption in the affected organs. In addition, patients suffering from CF display chronic inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of CF. Recent work suggests that CF patients have a reduced capacity to biosynthesize specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which contributes to the development and duration of the unwanted inflammation. Alterations in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), like lipoxins (LXs), maresins (MaRs), protectins (PDs) and resolvins (Rvs), may play a major role on clinical impact of airway inflammation in CF. METHODS In this study, our aims were to detect and quantitate Resolvin D1 (RvD1) in sputum and plasma from patients with CF and compare levels of RvD1 with biomarkers of inflammation and lung function. We studied 27 CF patients aged 6 to 55 years (median 16 years) in a prospective approach. RESULTS DHA can be found in the plasma of our CF patients in the milligram range and is decreased in comparison to a healthy control group. The DHA-derived pro-resolving mediator Resolvin D1 (RvD1) was also present in the plasma (286.4 ± 50 pg/ mL, mean ± SEM) and sputum (30.0 ± 2.6 pg/ mL, mean ± SEM) samples from our patients with CF and showed a positive correlation with sputum inflammatory markers. The plasma concentrations of RvD1 were ten times higher than sputum concentrations. Interestingly, sputum RvD1/ IL-8 levels showed a positive correlation with FEV1 (rs = 0.3962, p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SPMs, like RvD1, are well known to down-regulate inflammatory pathways. Our study shows that the bioactive lipid mediator RvD1, derived from DHA, was present in sputum and plasma of CF patients and may serve as a representative peripheral biomarker of the lung resolution program for CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Eickmeier
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniela Fussbroich
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Klaus Mueller
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Friederike Serve
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Smaczny
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Faris AN, Ganesan S, Chattoraj A, Chattoraj SS, Comstock AT, Unger BL, Hershenson MB, Sajjan US. Rhinovirus Delays Cell Repolarization in a Model of Injured/Regenerating Human Airway Epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:487-499. [PMID: 27119973 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0243oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV), which causes exacerbation in patients with chronic airway diseases, readily infects injured airway epithelium and has been reported to delay wound closure. In this study, we examined the effects of RV on cell repolarization and differentiation in a model of injured/regenerating airway epithelium (polarized, undifferentiated cells). RV causes only a transient barrier disruption in a model of normal (mucociliary-differentiated) airway epithelium. However, in the injury/regeneration model, RV prolongs barrier dysfunction and alters the differentiation of cells. The prolonged barrier dysfunction caused by RV was not a result of excessive cell death but was instead associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features, such as reduced expression of the apicolateral junction and polarity complex proteins, E-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1, claudins 1 and 4, and Crumbs3 and increased expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal cell marker. The expression of Snail, a transcriptional repressor of tight and adherence junctions, was also up-regulated in RV-infected injured/regenerating airway epithelium, and inhibition of Snail reversed RV-induced EMT-like features. In addition, compared with sham-infected cells, the RV-infected injured/regenerating airway epithelium showed more goblet cells and fewer ciliated cells. Inhibition of epithelial growth factor receptor promoted repolarization of cells by inhibiting Snail and enhancing expression of E-cadherin, occludin, and Crumbs3 proteins, reduced the number of goblet cells, and increased the number of ciliated cells. Together, these results suggest that RV not only disrupts barrier function, but also interferes with normal renewal of injured/regenerating airway epithelium by inducing EMT-like features and subsequent goblet cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Faris
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc B Hershenson
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases and.,2 Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ye SB, Choi YS, Choi YH, Bae CH, Kim YW, Park SY, Song SY, Kim YD. Effect of High Glucose on MUC5B expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 10:77-84. [PMID: 27384035 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive production of mucus results in plugging of the airway tract, which can increase morbidity and mortality in affected patients. In patients with diabetes, inflammatory airway disease appears with more frequent relapse and longer duration of symptoms. However, the effects of high glucose (HG) on the secretion of mucin in inflammatory respiratory diseases are not clear. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect and the brief signaling pathway of HG on MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS The effect and signaling pathway of HG on MUC5B expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA. RESULTS HG increased MUC5B expression and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, and activated the phosphorylation of EGFR and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pretreatment with EGFR inhibitor significantly attenuated the HG-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and pretreatments with p38 inhibitor or EGFR inhibitor significantly attenuated HG-induced MUC5B expression. In addition, knockdown of p38 MAPK by p38 MAPK siRNA significantly blocked HG-induced MUC5B expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HG induces MUC5B expression via the sequential activations of the EGFR/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Baik Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Si-Youn Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea.,Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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Silveira CB, Rohwer FL. Piggyback-the-Winner in host-associated microbial communities. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2016; 2:16010. [PMID: 28721247 PMCID: PMC5515262 DOI: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phages can exploit their bacterial hosts by lytic infection, when many viral particles are released at cell lysis, or by lysogeny, when phages integrate into the host's genome. We recently proposed a new dynamic model of bacteria-phage interactions in which lysogeny predominates at high microbial abundance and growth rates. This model, named Piggyback-the-Winner (PtW), contrasts to current accepted models on the frequency of lysis and lysogeny and predicts that phages integrate into their hosts' genomes as prophages when microbial abundances and growth rates are high. According to PtW, switching to the temperate life cycle reduces phage predation control on bacterial abundance and confers superinfection exclusion, preventing that a closely-related phage infects the same bacterial cell. Here we examine how PtW is important for metazoans. Specifically, we postulate that PtW and the recently described bacteriophage adherence to mucus (BAM) model are strongly interrelated and have an important role in the development of the microbiome. In BAM, phage produced by the microbiome attach to mucins and protect underlying epithelial cells from invading bacteria. Spatial structuring of the mucus creates a gradient of phage replication strategies consistent with PtW. We predict that lysogeny is favored at the top mucosal layer and lytic predation predominates in the bacteria-sparse intermediary layers. The lysogeny confers competitive advantage to commensals against niche invasion and the lytic infection eliminates potential pathogens from deeper mucus layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B Silveira
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Forest L Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Boon M, Verleden SE, Bosch B, Lammertyn EJ, McDonough JE, Mai C, Verschakelen J, Kemner-van de Corput M, Tiddens HAW, Proesmans M, Vermeulen FL, Verbeken EK, Cooper J, Van Raemdonck DE, Decramer M, Verleden GM, Hogg JC, Dupont LJ, Vanaudenaerde BM, De Boeck K. Morphometric Analysis of Explant Lungs in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:516-26. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201507-1281oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Martin C, Burgel PR, Lepage P, Andréjak C, de Blic J, Bourdin A, Brouard J, Chanez P, Dalphin JC, Deslée G, Deschildre A, Gosset P, Touqui L, Dusser D. Host-microbe interactions in distal airways: relevance to chronic airway diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:78-91. [PMID: 25726559 PMCID: PMC9487770 DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00011614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is the summary of a workshop, which took place in November 2013, on the roles of microorganisms in chronic respiratory diseases. Until recently, it was assumed that lower airways were sterile in healthy individuals. However, it has long been acknowledged that microorganisms could be identified in distal airway secretions from patients with various respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and other chronic airway diseases (e.g. post-transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans). These microorganisms were sometimes considered as infectious agents that triggered host immune responses and contributed to disease onset and/or progression; alternatively, microorganisms were often considered as colonisers, which were considered unlikely to play roles in disease pathophysiology. These concepts were developed at a time when the identification of microorganisms relied on culture-based methods. Importantly, the majority of microorganisms cannot be cultured using conventional methods, and the use of novel culture-independent methods that rely on the identification of microorganism genomes has revealed that healthy distal airways display a complex flora called the airway microbiota. The present article reviews some aspects of current literature on host–microbe (mostly bacteria and viruses) interactions in healthy and diseased airways, with a special focus on distal airways. Understanding host–microbe interactions in distal airways may lead to novel therapies for chronic airway diseaseshttp://ow.ly/HfENz
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martin
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- UMR1913-Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Andréjak
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Jacques de Blic
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Brouard
- Dept of Pediatrics, CHU de Caen, Research Unit EA 4655 U2RM, Caen, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Dépt des Maladies Respiratoires, AP-HM, Laboratoire d'immunologie INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR 7733, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Gaetan Deslée
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Philippe Gosset
- Unité de défense innée et inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM U874, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Dusser
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Williams MTS, de Courcey F, Comer D, Elborn JS, Ennis M. Bronchial epithelial cell lines and primary nasal epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis respond differently to cigarette smoke exposure. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 15:467-72. [PMID: 26651594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on airway epithelial cells (AECs) from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) individuals are not fully understood. It has been suggested that CSE modulates inflammatory cytokine release from AECs by modulating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway; these pathways could reveal novel therapeutic targets. We compared the effect of CSE pre-incubation on IL-8 release from CF and non-CF bronchial epithelial cell lines, and separately, with primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) retrieved from CF and non-CF individuals. We also determined if the EGFR pathway regulates IL-8 release by LPS or cytomix in non-CF and CF AECs at baseline and following CSE exposure. CF and non-CF cell lines, NECs derived from both CF patients (R117H heterozygous and F508del homozygous), and from healthy subjects, were cultured in the presence or absence of CSE, and subsequently exposed to inflammatory stimuli. In cell lines CSE significantly reduced IL-8 release following inflammatory challenge. Conversely, CSE pre-treatment was pro-inflammatory in primary NECs. In NECs from control subjects, CSE increased cytomix and LPS induced IL-8 release, and for the R117H heterozygous NEC cultures, CSE enhanced basal IL-8 release. Cytomix and LPS induced IL-8 release from F508del homozygous NEC cultures was further heightened following CSE pre-treatment. EGFR inhibition mitigated IL-8 release from immortalised and primary non-CF and CF AECs, suggesting that constitutive and CSE elicited IL-8 release from AECs is partly regulated via the EGFR pathway. This study demonstrates the importance of the EGFR cascade in the regulation of constitutive and CSE induced inflammatory mediator release from immortalised and primary AECs. Moreover, it clearly highlights the significance of using primary cells to confirm results obtained from immortalised cell studies, as these model systems may respond very differently to the stimuli under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomas Shaw Williams
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francine de Courcey
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David Comer
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph S Elborn
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Ennis
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Submucosal glands contribute to airway surface liquid (ASL), a film that protects all airway surfaces. Glandular mucus comprises electrolytes, water, the gel-forming mucin MUC5B, and hundreds of different proteins with diverse protective functions. Gland volume per unit area of mucosal surface correlates positively with impaction rate of inhaled particles. In human main bronchi, the volume of the glands is ∼ 50 times that of surface goblet cells, but the glands diminish in size and frequency distally. ASL and its trapped particles are removed from the airways by mucociliary transport. Airway glands have a tubuloacinar structure, with a single terminal duct, a nonciliated collecting duct, then branching secretory tubules lined with mucous cells and ending in serous acini. They allow for a massive increase in numbers of mucus-producing cells without replacing surface ciliated cells. Active secretion of Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) by serous cells produces most of the fluid of gland secretions. Glands are densely innervated by tonically active, mutually excitatory airway intrinsic neurons. Most gland mucus is secreted constitutively in vivo, with large, transient increases produced by emergency reflex drive from the vagus. Elevations of [cAMP]i and [Ca(2+)]i coordinate electrolyte and macromolecular secretion and probably occur together for baseline activity in vivo, with cholinergic elevation of [Ca(2+)]i being mainly responsive for transient increases in secretion. Altered submucosal gland function contributes to the pathology of all obstructive diseases, but is an early stage of pathogenesis only in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Widdicombe
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Department of Psychology and Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey J Wine
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Department of Psychology and Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Chemokine expression of oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells in response to artificial saliva. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1035-42. [PMID: 26342602 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artificial saliva is widely used to overcome reduced natural salivary flow. Natural saliva provokes the expression of chemokines in oral fibroblasts in vitro. However, if artificial saliva changes the expression of chemokines remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we investigated the ability of Saliva Orthana®, Aldiamed®, Glandosane®, and Saliva Natura® to change the expression of chemokines in human oral fibroblasts and the human oral epithelial cell line HSC-2 by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands and recombinant human mucin 1 were included in the bioassay. Formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining determined the impact of artificial saliva on cell viability. The involvement of signaling pathways was determined by pharmacologic inhibitors and Western blotting. RESULTS In gingival fibroblasts, Saliva Orthana®-containing mucins provoked a significantly increased expression of CXC ligand 8 (CXCL8, or interleukin 8), CXCL1, and CXCL2. Immunoassays for CXCL8 and CXCL1 confirmed the translation at the protein level. The respective dilution of artificial saliva had no impact on formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands also increased the panel of chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. BAY 11-7082, a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor, but also TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 signaling, blocked chemokine expression of Saliva Orthana® and bovine mucins. In HSC-2 cells, Glandosane® significantly increased CXCL8 expression. CONCLUSIONS Saliva Orthana® stimulated chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. Mammalian mucins, but also possible contaminations with endotoxins, might contribute to the respective changes in gene expression. Epithelial cells have a differential response to artificial saliva with Glandosane® changing CXCL8 expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Artificial saliva can incite a cellular response, if however the changing expression of chemokines by isolated fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro translates into a clinical condition, is not clear.
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