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Zhang Y, Fang L, Wang Z, Zhang C, Zhao J, Daemi HB, Zhang M, Yuan L, Han X, Li L, Fu ZF, Zhou M, Zhao L. A modified recombinant adenovirus vector containing dual rabies virus G expression cassettes confers robust and long-lasting humoral immunity in mice, cats, and dogs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2300461. [PMID: 38164714 PMCID: PMC10810672 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, the incidence of rabies has increased in several countries, especially in remote and disadvantaged areas, due to inadequate surveillance and declining immunization coverage. Multiple vaccinations with inactivated rabies virus vaccines for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis are considered inefficient, expensive and impractical in developing countries. Herein, three modified human recombinant adenoviruses type 5 designated Adv-RVG, Adv-E1-RVG, and Adv-RVDG, carrying rabies virus G (RVG) expression cassettes in various combinations within E1 or E3 genomic regions, were constructed to serve as rabies vaccine candidates. Adv-RVDG mediated greater RVG expression both in vitro and in vivo and induced a more robust and durable humoral immune response than the rabies vaccine strain SAD-L16, Adv-RVG, and Adv-E1-RVG by more effectively activating the dendritic cells (DCs) - follicular helper T (Tfh) cells - germinal centre (GC) / memory B cells (MBCs) - long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) axis with 100% survival after a lethal RABV challenge in mice during the 24-week study period. Similarly, dogs and cats immunized with Adv-RVDG showed stronger and longer-lasting antibody responses than those vaccinated with a commercial inactivated rabies vaccine and showed good tolerance to Adv-RVDG. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that simultaneous insertion of protective antigens into the E1 and E3 genomic regions of adenovirus vector can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of adenoviral-vectored vaccines, providing a theoretical and practical basis for the subsequent development of multivalent and multi-conjugated vaccines using recombinant adenovirus platform. Meanwhile, our data suggest Adv-RVDG is a safe, efficient, and economical vaccine for mass-coverage immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingying Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Leblanc C, Kassié D, Ranaivoharimina M, Rakotomanana EFN, Mangahasimbola RT, Randrianarijaona A, Ramiandrasoa R, Nely AJ, Razafindraibe NP, Andriamandimby SF, Ranoaritiana DB, Rajaonarivony V, Randrianasolo L, Baril L, Mattern C, Ratovoson R, Guis H. Mixed methods to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards rabies in central and remote communities of Moramanga district, Madagascar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012064. [PMID: 38551968 PMCID: PMC11006160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Control of dog-mediated rabies relies on raising awareness, access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and mass dog vaccination. To assess rabies awareness in Moramanga district, Madagascar, where rabies is endemic, two complementary quantitative and qualitative approaches were carried out in 2018. In the quantitative approach, a standardized questionnaire was administered to 334 randomized participants living in 170 households located less than 5 km from the anti-rabies treatment center (ARTC) located in Moramanga city (thereafter called the central area), and in 164 households located more than 15 km away from the ARTC in two rural communes (thereafter called the remote area). Logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors influencing knowledge and practice scores. The qualitative approach consisted in semi-structured interviews conducted with 28 bite victims who had consulted the ARTC, three owners of biting dogs, three ARTC staff and two local authorities. Overall, 15.6% (52/334) of households owned at least one dog. The dog-to-human ratio was 1:17.6. The central area had a significantly higher dog bite incidence (0.53 per 100 person-years, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85) compared to the remote area (0.22 per 100 person-years, 95% CI: 0.09-0.43) (p = 0.03). The care pathway following a bite depended on wound severity, how the dog was perceived and its owner's willingness to cover costs. Rabies vaccination coverage in dogs in the remote area was extremely low (2.4%). Respondents knew that vaccination prevented animal rabies but owners considered that their own dogs were harmless and cited access and cost of vaccine as main barriers. Most respondents were not aware of the existence of the ARTC (85.3%), did not know the importance of timely access to PEP (92.2%) or that biting dogs should be isolated (89.5%) and monitored. Good knowledge scores were significantly associated with having a higher socio-economic status (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.33-3.26) and living in central area (OR = 1.91, CI = 1.22-3.00). Good practice scores were significantly associated with living in central area (OR = 4.78, CI = 2.98-7.77) and being aware of the ARTC's existence (OR = 2.29, CI = 1.14-4.80). In Madagascar, knowledge on rabies was disparate with important gaps on PEP and animal management. Awareness campaigns should inform communities (i) on the importance of seeking PEP as soon as possible after an exposure, whatever the severity of the wound and the type of biting dog who caused it, and (ii) on the existence and location of ARTCs where free-of-charge PEP is available. They should also encourage owners to isolate and monitor the health of biting dogs. Above all, awareness and dog vaccination campaigns should be designed so as to reach the more vulnerable remote rural populations as knowledge, good practices and vaccination coverage were lower in these areas. They should also target households with a lower socio-economic status. If awareness campaigns are likely to succeed in improving access to ARTCs in Madagascar, their impact on prompting dog owners to vaccinate their own dogs seems more uncertain given the financial and access barriers. Therefore, to reach the 70% dog vaccination coverage goal targeted in rabies elimination programs, awareness campaigns must be combined with free-of-charge mass dog vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leblanc
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- General Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Daouda Kassié
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Mendrika Ranaivoharimina
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Anjasoa Randrianarijaona
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Ravo Ramiandrasoa
- Vaccination Center, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Alphonse José Nely
- Service for the Fight against Plague, Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases and Neglected Tropical Endemo-Epidemic Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- WHO Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | | | - Soa Fy Andriamandimby
- National Laboratory of Rabies, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Dany Bakoly Ranoaritiana
- Direction of Health Monitoring, Epidemiological Surveillance and Response (DVSSER), Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Virginie Rajaonarivony
- Service for the Fight against Plague, Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases and Neglected Tropical Endemo-Epidemic Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Laurence Randrianasolo
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Laurence Baril
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chiarella Mattern
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Ceped (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Paris, INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Rila Ratovoson
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Hélène Guis
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Tambe MP, Parande MA, Nanaware MB, Salunke NM, Dutta T, Mahajan M. Post-Marketing Surveillance of the World's First Novel Cocktail of Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies: TwinRab™ in Real \-World Setting. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:443-447. [PMID: 38665446 PMCID: PMC11042126 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_562_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies presents with a high fatality rate, which imposes a significant global public health challenge, and therefore the use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is crucial for prevention. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a promising substitute for rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs) due to their high efficacy and standardized manufacturing process. A prospective, open-label, post-marketing surveillance study (PMS) was conducted at Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College (BJMC), Pune. The study included patients aged more than 2 years who had recently sustained Category III-suspected rabid animal bite exposures. These patients were administered TwinRabTM at a dosage of 40 IU/kg in and around the wound as intralesional transfer, along with the anti-rabies vaccine (ARV). Adverse events (AEs) grading was performed with reference to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicity grading. In this study, 215 subjects received the TwinRabTM mAb with a 100% completion rate. Out of 215 patients, three (1.3%) patients in the range of 18 to 65 years of age showed solicited local AEs, which were resolved after the appropriate treatment intervention, but causality assessment was non-assessable. The overall tolerability assessment showed positive ratings from doctors (91.63%) and patients (67.91%) for the mAb cocktail. The PMS demonstrated the safety of TwinRabTM in patients who experienced Category III-suspected rabid animal bites, thereby supporting its potential as an alternative option for post-exposure prophylaxis in the management of animal bites for the prevention of rabies.
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Lu R, Lin J, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Fan Z, Wu S, Qin P, Li L. Rabies vaccination adherence and associated factors among rabies-exposed patients in Shenzhen, China: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e15. [PMID: 38195536 PMCID: PMC10894897 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure vaccination (PEV) is an important measure to prevent rabies. The purpose of this study was to explore the adherence to the vaccination protocol and its influencing factors among rabies-exposed patients in Shenzhen, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China, to obtain epidemiological characteristics of patients; knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of rabies prevention; and medical records. A total of 326 patients requiring full rabies PEV were included in this study, and only 62% (202) completed the full course of vaccination according to the norms of the vaccination guidelines. After multifactor logistic regression, the factors influencing adherence to vaccination were as follows: age 31 to 40 years, time spent to reach the nearest rabies prevention clinic was >60 min, the time of injury was at night to early morning, the place of injury was a school/laboratory, the animal causing injury was a cat, the health status of the animal causing injury could not be determined, and patients with higher practice scores (all p<0.05). Understanding the factors influencing rabies vaccination adherence among rabies-exposed patients in urban areas of China and promote changes in patients' practice toward rabies prevention is essential for rabies elimination by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Lu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinsheng Lin
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaiying Fan
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuning Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Clinical Center for Public Health, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Jane Ling MY, Halim AFNA, Ahmad D, Ramly N, Hassan MR, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Saffree Jeffree M, Omar A, Hidrus A. Rabies in Southeast Asia: a systematic review of its incidence, risk factors and mortality. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066587. [PMID: 37164462 PMCID: PMC10173986 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that can infect all mammals, including humans. We aimed to summarise the current knowledge of the incidence, risk factors and mortality of rabies in Southeast Asia. DESIGN Systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. DATA SOURCES Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed were searched from 1 January 2012 to 21 February 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Original English language articles published between 2012 and 2023 were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Nine independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The quality appraisal of included articles was carried out using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS A total of eight articles were included in this analysis. In Vietnam, the incidence of rabies ranged from 1.7 to 117.2 per 100 000 population. The cumulative incidence in Sarawak was estimated at 1.7 per 100 000 population. In Indonesia, 104 human rabies cases were reported from 2008 to 2010, while in Thailand, a total of 46 rabies cases were reported in Thailand from 2010 to 2015. In the Philippines, the incidence of rabies ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 per 100 000 population. An increased risk of rabies virus infection was associated with a high population density, illiteracy, seasonal patterns and dog butchers. The case fatality rate was 100%. CONCLUSION This study included research from Southeast Asia, which may not represent rabies infection in other regions or continents. In addition, the role of publication bias should be acknowledged as grey literature was not included. The occurrence of rabies in Southeast Asia is due to the high number of unvaccinated stray and pet dogs, working hazards (dog butchers in Vietnam), the unavailability of the rabies vaccine in rural regions and misinformation about the significance of seeking treatment after dog bites. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022311654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaw Yn Jane Ling
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Dzulfitree Ahmad
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurfatehar Ramly
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Azizan Omar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aizuddin Hidrus
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Gong Z, Huang P, Jin H, Bai Y, Li H, Qian M, Sun J, Jiao C, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang H. A recombinant rabies virus chimera expressing the DC-targeting molecular MAB2560 shows enhanced vaccine immunogenicity through activation of dendritic cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011254. [PMID: 37093869 PMCID: PMC10124880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), is an ancient and neglected zoonotic disease posing a large public health threat to humans and animals in developing countries. Immunization of animals with a rabies vaccine is the most effective way to control the epidemic and the occurrence of the disease in humans. Therefore, the development of cost-effective and efficient rabies vaccines is urgently needed. The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is known to play an important role in improving the host immune response induced by rabies vaccines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we constructed a recombinant virus, rCVS11-MAB2560, based on the reverse genetic system of the RABV CVS11 strain. The MAB2560 protein (a DC-targeting molecular) was chimeric expressed on the surface of the viral particles to help target and activate the DCs when this virus was used as inactivated vaccine. Our results demonstrated that inactivated rCVS11-MAB2560 was able to promote the recruitment and/or proliferation of DC cells, T cells and B cells in mice, and induce good immune memory after two immunizations. Moreover, the inactivated recombinant virus rCVS11-MAB2560 could produce higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) in both mice and dogs more quickly than rCVS11 post immunization. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In summary, the recombinant virus rCVS11-MAB2560 chimeric-expressing the molecular adjuvant MAB2560 can stimulate high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo and can be used as an effective inactivated rabies vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hailun Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meichen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lipid droplets are beneficial for rabies virus replication by facilitating viral budding. J Virol 2021; 96:e0147321. [PMID: 34757839 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01473-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an old zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), but the pathogenic mechanism of RABV is still not completely understood. Lipid droplets have been reported to play a role in pathogenesis of several viruses. However, its role on RABV infection remains unclear. Here, we initially found that RABV infection upregulated lipid droplet (LD) production in multiple cells and mouse brains. After the treatment of atorvastatin, a specific inhibitor of LD, RABV replication in N2a cells decreased. Then we found that RABV infection could upregulate N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which in turn enhance the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2). DGAT1/2 could elevate cellular triglycerides synthesis and ultimately promote intracellular LD formation. Furthermore, we found that RABV-M and RABV-G, which were mainly involved in the viral budding process, could colocalize with LDs, indicating that RABV might utilize LDs as a carrier to facilitate viral budding and eventually increase virus production. Taken together, our study reveals that lipid droplets are beneficial for RABV replication and their biogenesis is regulated via NDRG1-DGAT1/2 pathway, which provides novel potential targets for developing anti-RABV drugs. IMPORTANCE Lipid droplets have been proven to play an important role in viral infections, but its role in RABV infection has not yet been elaborated. Here, we find that RABV infection upregulates the generation of LDs by enhancing the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1). Then NDRG1 elevated cellular triglycerides synthesis by increasing the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2), which promotes the biogenesis of LDs. RABV-M and RABV-G, which are the major proteins involved in viral budding, could utilize LDs as a carrier and transport to cell membrane, resulting in enhanced virus budding. Our findings will extend the knowledge of lipid metabolism in RABV infection and help to explore potential therapeutic targets for RABV.
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Wang Z, Yuan Y, Chen C, Zhang C, Huang F, Zhou M, Chen H, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Colloidal Manganese Salt Improves the Efficacy of Rabies Vaccines in Mice, Cats, and Dogs. J Virol 2021; 95:e0141421. [PMID: 34495701 PMCID: PMC8577392 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01414-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), remains a serious threat to public health in most countries worldwide. At present, the administration of rabies vaccines has been the most effective strategy to control rabies. Herein, we evaluate the effect of colloidal manganese salt (Mn jelly [MnJ]) as an adjuvant of rabies vaccine in mice, cats, and dogs. The results showed that MnJ promoted type I interferon (IFN-I) and cytokine production in vitro and the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo. Besides, MnJ serving as an adjuvant for rabies vaccines could significantly facilitate the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, plasma cells (PCs), and RABV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), consequently improve the immunogenicity of rabies vaccines, and provide better protection against virulent RABV challenge. Similarly, MnJ enhanced the humoral immune response in cats and dogs as well. Collectively, our results suggest that MnJ can facilitate the maturation of DCs during rabies vaccination, which can be a promising adjuvant candidate for rabies vaccines. IMPORTANCE Extending the humoral immune response by using adjuvants is an important strategy for vaccine development. In this study, a novel adjuvant, MnJ, supplemented in rabies vaccines was evaluated in mice, cats, and dogs. Our results in the mouse model revealed that MnJ increased the numbers of mature DCs, Tfh cells, GC B cells, PCs, and RABV-specific ASCs, resulting in enhanced immunogenicity and protection rate of rabies vaccines. We further found that MnJ had the same stimulative effect in cats and dogs. Our study provides the first evidence that MnJ serving as a novel adjuvant of rabies vaccines can boost the immune response in both a mouse and pet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Pei J, Cui M, Fu ZF, Zhao L, Zhou M. A novel oral rabies vaccine enhances the immunogenicity through increasing dendritic cells activation and germinal center formation by expressing U-OMP19 in a mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:913-928. [PMID: 33905300 PMCID: PMC8143638 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1923341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rabies remains a public health threat in most parts of the world. Dogs, especially stray dogs, are the main sources of rabies transmission in developing countries, while wild animals are primarily responsible for the spread of rabies in developed countries and play an emerging role in rabies transmission in developing countries. Oral vaccination is the most practical method for rabies control in these animals, and the greatest challenge for oral vaccination is the hostile environment and large quantity of proteases in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, a promising adjuvant with potential protease inhibitory activity, unlipidated outer membrane protein 19 (U-OMP19), was inserted into the genome of the recombinant rabies virus (rRABV) strain LBNSE, designated LBNSE-U-OMP19, and the immunogenicity of LBNSE-U-OMP19 was investigated. LBNSE-U-OMP19 could potentially protect viral glycoprotein from digestion by gastrointestinal fluids in vitro. The expression of U-OMP19 attenuated viral pathogenicity by restricting viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS) and repressing the production of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. After oral vaccination, LBNSE-U-OMP19 recruited dendritic cells (DCs), follicular helper T (TFH) cells and germinal center (GC) B cells, promoted the formation of GCs, and increased the population of plasma cells in immunized mice, resulting in higher levels of RABV-neutralizing antibodies and better protection in mice immunized with LBNSE-U-OMP19 than in those immunized with the parent virus LBNSE. Together, our data suggest that LBNSE-U-OMP19 is a promising candidate for oral rabies vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Haselbeck AH, Rietmann S, Tadesse BT, Kling K, Kaschubat-Dieudonné ME, Marks F, Wetzker W, Thöne-Reineke C. Challenges to the Fight against Rabies-The Landscape of Policy and Prevention Strategies in Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041736. [PMID: 33579043 PMCID: PMC7916782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 59,000 human deaths worldwide are attributable to rabies annually, of which more than a third occur in Africa. In recent years, progress has been made in both action and collaboration including implementation of surveillance and prevention measures. In this review we assess the scale of surveillance, preventive, and control efforts of canine-transmitted human rabies in African countries. We reviewed literature published from 2014 to 2018, retrieved from electronic databases including MEDLINE, Global Index Medicus, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index, and EMBASE. WHO reports, national disease control program reports, and conference proceedings were also reviewed. The database search was conducted using keywords including rabies, control, and prevention. In forty countries (40/54), some level of rabies control and prevention strategy was available while in fourteen (14/54) countries, no specific national control and prevention strategy for human rabies could be retrieved. Thirty-four (34/54) countries utilized the Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination (SARE) tool to monitor the national rabies control efforts—five of these countries were at the lowest tier (0/5) of the SARE scoring system while no country had achieved the highest score (5/5). High burden countries need to step up the implementation of context specific national rabies control, prevention, and monitoring strategies. As a zoonosis, rabies control and elimination require coordination between human and veterinarian health sectors under the “One Health” umbrella and with national master plans on the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases ending in 2020, the time to act is now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Rietmann
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.); (B.T.T.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Kerstin Kling
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Maria Elena Kaschubat-Dieudonné
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Freie University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.K.-D.); (C.T.-R.)
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.); (B.T.T.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo, 566 Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Wibke Wetzker
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Christa Thöne-Reineke
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Freie University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.K.-D.); (C.T.-R.)
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11
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Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhou M, Luo Z, Lv L, Pei J, Wang C, Chai B, Sui B, Huang F, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Composition of the murine gut microbiome impacts humoral immunity induced by rabies vaccines. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e161. [PMID: 32898335 PMCID: PMC7443138 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating human and animal immune responses. Rabies is a fatal zoonosis causing encephalitis in mammals and vaccination is the most effective method to control and eliminate rabies. The relationship between the gut microbiome and humoral immunity post rabies vaccination has not been investigated yet. METHODS Mice orally administrated with a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics were inoculated with rabies vaccines, and humoral immune response was analyzed at indicated time points. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from groups in vancomycin-treated and untreated mice. Mice were immunized with rabies vaccines and virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) levels were measured, resulting in VNA high (H) and low (L) groups. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from H and L group mice. RESULTS After antibiotic (Abx) treatment, mice had decreased levels of rabies virus (RABV)-specific IgM, IgG, and virus-neutralizing antibody compared with untreated mice. Abx-treated mice had fewer T follicular helper cells, germinal center B cells, and antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in lymph nodes than did untreated mice. Gut microbiome facilitated secondary immune responses by increasing the generation of ASCs. Treatment with vancomycin alone had a similarly impaired effect on the humoral immune responses compared with Abx-treated mice. From the natural population group of mice received rabies vaccines, VNA titers vary significantly and the abundance of Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae was positively associated with the antibody titers in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the evidence that the gut microbiome impacts humoral immunity post rabies vaccination, and further investigation of the mechanism will help the development of novel adjuvants and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhaochen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Caiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Benjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Baokun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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12
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Morgenroth A, Jakel V, Hanke-Robinson H, Müller T, Freuling C, Cussler K, Duchow K, Krämer B, Bastian M. A novel electrophoretic immunoblot as antigen desorption and quantification method for alum-adjuvanted veterinary rabies vaccines. Vaccine 2020; 38:4281-4287. [PMID: 32402753 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rabies vaccines for domestic animals are adjuvanted with aluminum salts. A particular challenge for in-vitro batch potency tests with these products is the fact that the antigens are firmly adsorbed to the aluminum salt matrix and thus are not easily available for antigen quantification. In the current manuscript we describe a versatile technique to quantify antigens in aluminum adsorbed vaccine formulations. A combined electrophoretic desorption and blotting method is presented that transfers the antigens to a nitrocellulose membrane followed by an immunoblot quantification of the transferred rabies antigens. For the immunoblot a rabies G-protein specific, monoclonal antibody is used that by itself has neutralizing activity. This ensures that only relevant antigens are quantified. By comparing end products with non-adjuvanted in-process material it can be demonstrated that the antigens are quantitatively desorbed from the adjuvant matrix. Resuts of the new antigen quantification method were compared with the outcome of the serological batch potency test as described in the European Pharmacopoeia. It is demonstrated that the new antigen quantification method reveals relevant differences between experimental vaccine batches formulated with increasing antigen loads. This proves the broad detection range of the method. In general, the results show that this highly versatile technique can serve as an important component of a comprehensive consistency test strategy and may be applied in a modified form to any alum-adjuvanted vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morgenroth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Verena Jakel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Müller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Conrad Freuling
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Klaus Cussler
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Karin Duchow
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Beate Krämer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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13
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Neamat-Allah ANF, Ali AA, Mahmoud EA. Jeopardy of Lyssavirus infection in relation to hemato-biochemical parameters and diagnostic markers of cerebrospinal fluid in rabid calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-020-03094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Li M, Cui M, Fu ZF, Zhao L, Zhou M. A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (Flt3L) Induces Enhanced Immunogenicity in Mice. Virol Sin 2019; 34:662-672. [PMID: 31254272 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that still causes 59,000 human deaths each year, and rabies vaccine is the most effective way to control the disease. Our previous studies suggested that the maturation of DC plays an important role in enhancing the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine. Flt3L has been reported to own the ability to accelerate the DC maturation, therefore, in this study, a recombinant rabies virus expressing mouse Flt3L, designated as LBNSE-Flt3L, was constructed, and its immunogenicity was characterized. It was found that LBNSE-Flt3L could enhance the maturation of DC both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly more TFH cells and Germinal Center B (GC B) cells were generated in mice immunized with LBNSE-Flt3L than those immunized with the parent virus LBNSE. Consequently, expressing of Flt3L could elevate the level of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in immunized mice which provides a better protection from a lethal rabies virus challenge. Taken together, our study extends the potential of Flt3L as a good adjuvant to develop novel rabies vaccine by enhancing the VNA production through activating the DC-TFH-GC B axis in immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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De Nardo P, Gentilotti E, Vairo F, Nguhuni B, Chaula Z, Nicastri E, Ismail A, Ippolito G. A retrospective evaluation of bites at risk of rabies transmission across 7 years: The need to improve surveillance and reporting systems for rabies elimination. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197996. [PMID: 29965994 PMCID: PMC6028089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of rabies deaths occur in developing countries and rural areas. Due to the absence of surveillance and the lack of reliable information, many endemic countries are not able to assess their rabies burden and implement appropriate solutions. This study reports the incidence of animal bites considered at risk of rabies transmission, along with rates and determinants of the adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) between 2008 and 2014 in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. A retrospective analysis of rabid animal bites considered at risk of rabies transmission at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital (DRRH) during 2008-2014 was conducted. Data were collected from the registers of patients presenting to the hospital because of a potential rabies exposure. The patients were assessed by a trained health worker and each bite was considered as "at risk of rabies" based on the victim's description of the event. Overall, 10,771 patients coming from Dodoma Region attended DRRH because of a bite from a suspected rabid animal, giving a mean incidence of 74 bites at risk of rabies transmission per 100,000 persons per year. Overall, only 46.0% of people exposed received a complete course of PEP and 61.6% attended the clinic within 48 hours after the bite. Multivariate analysis shows that people age >15 years, residence in rural areas and occurrence during the rainy season were independently associated to delayed access to care. Male gender, age below 15 years. and bites occurring during the dry season were associated with completion of PEP. In this area with a high rate of at-risk bites, several factors-mainly related to health care access and to the affordability and delivery of rabies vaccines-still need to be addressed in order to reduce gender and social inequalities in rabies prevention and control. Further efforts are required to establish an efficient rabies surveillance system in Dodoma Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale De Nardo
- Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
- ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’ National Institute for Infectious Diseases INMI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gentilotti
- Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’ National Institute for Infectious Diseases INMI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Boniface Nguhuni
- Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
- ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’ National Institute for Infectious Diseases INMI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Zainab Chaula
- Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’ National Institute for Infectious Diseases INMI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Abbas Ismail
- University of Dodoma - UDOM, Department of Statistics, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’ National Institute for Infectious Diseases INMI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Luo Z, Chen H, Cui M, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Recombinant rabies virus with the glycoprotein fused with a DC-binding peptide is an efficacious rabies vaccine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:831-841. [PMID: 29416659 PMCID: PMC5787516 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that recruiting and/or activating dendritic cells (DCs) enhanced the immunogenicity of recombinant rabies viruses (rRABV). In this study, rRABV LBNSE with a small DC-binding peptide (designated as rLBNSE-DCBp) or a negative control peptide (designated as rLBNSE-DCCp) fused to the glycoprotein (G) was constructed and rescued. As expected, significantly more activated DCs were detected in rLBNSE-DCBp-immunized mice than those immunized with rLBNSE or rLBNSE-DCCp. Subsequently, significantly more generation of TFH and GC B cells were observed in rLBNSE-DCBp immunized mice than those in rLBNSE or rLBNSE-DCCp-immunized mice. In addition, significantly higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) were observed in mice immunized with rLBNSE-DCBp than those immunized with rLBNSE or rLBNSE-DCCp, resulting in a better protection of rLBNSE-DCBp immunized mice against the lethal challenge. Taken together, our results suggest that rRABV with G fused with DCBp is a promising rabies vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaochen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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17
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Fooks AR, Cliquet F, Finke S, Freuling C, Hemachudha T, Mani RS, Müller T, Nadin-Davis S, Picard-Meyer E, Wilde H, Banyard AC. Rabies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17091. [PMID: 29188797 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a life-threatening neglected tropical disease: tens of thousands of cases are reported annually in endemic countries (mainly in Africa and Asia), although the actual numbers are most likely underestimated. Rabies is a zoonotic disease that is caused by infection with viruses of the Lyssavirus genus, which are transmitted via the saliva of an infected animal. Dogs are the most important reservoir for rabies viruses, and dog bites account for >99% of human cases. The virus first infects peripheral motor neurons, and symptoms occur after the virus reaches the central nervous system. Once clinical disease develops, it is almost certainly fatal. Primary prevention involves dog vaccination campaigns to reduce the virus reservoir. If exposure occurs, timely post-exposure prophylaxis can prevent the progression to clinical disease and involves appropriate wound care, the administration of rabies immunoglobulin and vaccination. A multifaceted approach for human rabies eradication that involves government support, disease awareness, vaccination of at-risk human populations and, most importantly, dog rabies control is necessary to achieve the WHO goal of reducing the number of cases of dog-mediated human rabies to zero by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, (WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratory for Rabies), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.,Institute of Infection &Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Florence Cliquet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &Safety (ANSES)-Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife (European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, European Union Reference Institute for Rabies Serology), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire de Pixérécourt, Malzéville, France
| | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Conrad Freuling
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thiravat Hemachudha
- Department of Medicine (Neurology) and (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease-Health Science Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reeta S Mani
- Department of Neurovirology (WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Rabies), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Susan Nadin-Davis
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (WHO Collaborating Centre for Control, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Rabies in Carnivores), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyne Picard-Meyer
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &Safety (ANSES)-Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife (European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, European Union Reference Institute for Rabies Serology), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire de Pixérécourt, Malzéville, France
| | - Henry Wilde
- Department of Medicine (Neurology) and (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, (WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratory for Rabies), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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18
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Fang Y, Liu MQ, Chen L, Zhu ZG, Zhu ZR, Hu Q. Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis for a child with severe allergic reaction to rabies vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1802-4. [PMID: 26900624 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1143158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adverse events (AEs) during the immunization of rabies vaccine were slight, there was little information about the allergic reaction induced by rabies vaccines and had to stop or change the immunization program. Here, we reported a case that a 4-year-old boy had category II exposure to rabies and showed severe allergic reaction after being immunized with lyophilized purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV). After the anti-allergy therapy with hormone, allergy testing indicated medium allergy to egg and milk, and implied the allergic reaction most likely associated with animal-sourced gelatin in lyophilized PVRV. Therefore, a new immunization program with liquid PVRV without stabilizers under the Zegrab regimen (2-1-1) was enrolled at day 7 post-exposure. Although lower than the levels of normal <5 -year population at day 14 and 45, the neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers of this boy showed adequate protective antibody (≥ 0.5 IU/ml), even after 365 d post-immunization. This study not only highlighted the importance of several types of rabies vaccines co-existing in the market, but also implied the necessary for doctors to fully understand the allergies history of patients prior to immunize rabies vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- a Department of Neurology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Man-Qing Liu
- b Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Li Chen
- c Jianghan Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- b Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Ze-Rong Zhu
- b Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Quan Hu
- b Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control , Wuhan , China
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19
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Stebler N, Schuepbach-Regula G, Braam P, Falzon LC. Weighting of Criteria for Disease Prioritization Using Conjoint Analysis and Based on Health Professional and Student Opinion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151394. [PMID: 26967655 PMCID: PMC4788351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease prioritization exercises have been used by several organizations to inform surveillance and control measures. Though most methodologies for disease prioritization are based on expert opinion, it is becoming more common to include different stakeholders in the prioritization exercise. This study was performed to compare the weighting of disease criteria, and the consequent prioritization of zoonoses, by both health professionals and students in Switzerland using a Conjoint Analysis questionnaire. The health professionals comprised public health and food safety experts, cantonal physicians and cantonal veterinarians, while the student group comprised first-year veterinary and agronomy students. Eight criteria were selected for this prioritization based on expert elicitation and literature review. These criteria, described on a 3-tiered scale, were evaluated through a choice-based Conjoint Analysis questionnaire with 25 choice tasks. Questionnaire results were analyzed to obtain importance scores (for each criterion) and mean utility values (for each criterion level), and the latter were then used to rank 16 zoonoses. While the most important criterion for both groups was “Severity of the disease in humans”, the second ranked criteria by the health professionals and students were “Economy” and “Treatment in humans”, respectively. Regarding the criterion “Control and Prevention”, health professionals tended to prioritize a disease when the control and preventive measures were described to be 95% effective, while students prioritized a disease if there were almost no control and preventive measures available. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy was the top-ranked disease by both groups. Health professionals and students agreed on the weighting of certain criteria such as “Severity” and “Treatment of disease in humans”, but disagreed on others such as “Economy” or “Control and Prevention”. Nonetheless, the overall disease ranking lists were similar, and these may be taken into consideration when making future decisions regarding resource allocation for disease control and prevention in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Stebler
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Braam
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cristina Falzon
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Liebefeld, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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