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Le CY, Galarneau JM, R Filbay S, Emery CA, Manns PJ, Whittaker JL. Youth With a Sport-Related Knee Injury Exhibit Significant and Persistent Knee-Related Quality-of-Life Deficits at 12-Month Follow-up Compared to Uninjured Peers. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023; 53:480–489. [PMID: 37339378 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare knee-related quality of life (QOL) between youth with and without an intra-articular, sport-related knee injury at baseline (≤4 months postinjury), 6-month, and 12-month follow-up, and assess the association between clinical outcomes and knee-related QOL. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We recruited 86 injured and 64 uninjured youth (similar age, sex, sport). Knee-related QOL was assessed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) QOL subscale. Linear mixed models (95% confidence interval [CI]; clustered on sex and sport) compared KOOS QOL between study groups over the study period, considering sex-based differences. We also explored the association of injury type (anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]/meniscus injury or other), knee extensor strength (dynamometry), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (accelerometer), intermittent knee pain (Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain [ICOAP] measure), and fear of reinjury (17-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia) with knee-related QOL. RESULTS: Participant median (range) age was 16.4 (10.9-20.1) years, 67% were female, and 56% of injuries were ACL ruptures. Injured participants had lower mean KOOS QOL scores at baseline (-61.05; 95% CI: -67.56, -54.53), 6-month (-41.37; 95% CI: -47.94, -34.80), and 12-month (-33.34; 95% CI: -39.86, -26.82) follow-up, regardless of sex. Knee extensor strength (6- and 12-month follow-up), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (12-month follow-up), and ICOAP (all time points) were associated with KOOS QOL in injured youth. Additionally, having an ACL/meniscus injury and higher Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia scores were associated with worse KOOS QOL in injured youth. CONCLUSION: Youth with a sport-related knee injury have significant, persistent knee-related QOL deficits at 12-month follow-up. Knee extensor strength, physical activity, pain, and fear of reinjury may contribute to knee-related QOL. JOSPT 2023;53(8):1-10. Epub: 20 June 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11611.
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Solera-Sanchez A, Adelantado-Renau M, Moliner-Urdiales D, Beltran-Valls MR. Individual and combined impact of physical fitness on health-related quality of life during adolescence: DADOS Study. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:294-300. [PMID: 34842042 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2012596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the individual and combined impact of physical fitness components at baseline on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 24-month follow-up in adolescents. This longitudinal research included 199 adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years at baseline) from the DADOS study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Muscular strength was assessed using the standing broad jump test. Motor competence was assessed using the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test. A physical fitness z-score was calculated as the mean of the z-scores values of each fitness test. A fitness index ranging from 0 to 3 was created according to the number of physical fitness components in which participants achieved high levels according to normative values. HRQoL was evaluated by the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Linear regression analyses showed that cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and the physical fitness z-score at baseline were individually associated with HRQoL at follow-up (β ranging from 0.123 to 0.183; all p < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents with a fitness index ≥1 at baseline were more likely to achieve high HRQoL at 24-month follow-up, compared with their peers with an index of 0 (OR ranging from 3.554 to 9.087; all p < 0.05). Our results revealed an individual and cumulative positive impact of physical fitness at baseline on HRQoL at 24-month follow-up. These findings underline the key role of promoting the enhancement of overall physical fitness components in order to improve adolescents' health and well-being.Highlights Adolescents with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and motor competence will benefit from a greater physical and mental well-being over the time.The more physical fitness components with optimal levels, the greater likelihood of reaching better HRQoL over the time.Public health authorities should focus on the promotion of multiple physical fitness components to increase adolescent's likelihood of achieving greater HRQoL over the time.
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Rastogi S, Cadmus-Bertram L, Meyers L. Psychosocial Effects of Physical Activity Interventions for Preschoolers, Children, and Adolescents: Role of Intervention Settings. Am J Health Promot 2022; 37:538-554. [PMID: 36259533 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221133803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity interventions are potential strategies to enhance psychosocial health of children and adolescents. Interventions are performed at diverse settings (e.g., school, home, community), but little research has addressed whether and how the effectiveness of these programs vary by setting type. The aim of this review is to summarize the psychosocial effects of physical activity programs for preschoolers, children, and adolescents at various intervention settings. DATA SOURCE A systematic search of five electronic databases, MEDLINE-PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Scopus was performed. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Included studies had participants between 3-18 years, physical activity intervention duration of at least four weeks, experimental design, and at least one psychosocial health outcome. DATA EXTRACTION Data on participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and findings were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were synthesized by the intervention setting; school, home, and community. RESULTS Of the thirty-five included studies, 74% were performed at schools. Although fewer studies used community (17%)- and home-based (9%) interventions, these were similarly effective in improving psychosocial health as school-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS Community- and home-based intervention settings may be underutilized despite being similarly effective as school-based settings. A large proportion of time is spent out of school during weekends and summer-break. Community- and home-based physical activity programs may be pragmatic strategies to deliver improvements in psychosocial health of preschoolers, children, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Rastogi
- 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Lauren Meyers
- 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ribeiro B, Forte P, Vinhas R, Marinho DA, Faíl LB, Pereira A, Vieira F, Neiva HP. The Benefits of Resistance Training in Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 36057914 PMCID: PMC9441407 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is essential in acquiring healthy lifestyle behaviors in the early years of maturational development and preventing various diseases. Resistance training (RT) is fundamental for improving body composition and is increasingly recommended for obese adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to synthesize and analyze data on the effects of RT programs in this population, seeking to develop useful recommendations for health and sports professionals. METHODS A search was performed using four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). According to specific inclusion criteria, twenty-one studies were selected to evaluate the impact of RT on body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS After the RT programs, the adolescents improved their muscle strength (SMD, 1.44; 95% CI: 0.76-2.12), cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD, 1.09; 95% CI: 0.15-2.04), BMI (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.35), waist circumference (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06-0.47) and body fat (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.34). However, insulin sensitivity (SMD, 0.32; 95% CI: - 0.47 to 1.10) and lean mass (SMD, 0.12; 95% CI: - 0.06 to 0.31) did not reveal any changes. Different RT programs were used but it seems that 2-3 times/week ∼60 min/session of RT for 12 weeks should be recommended for positive changes. CONCLUSIONS RT seems to be effective when the objective is to improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and can be an efficient strategy to reduce obesity in adolescents by reducing body fat, waist circumference and body mass index. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022333411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ribeiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-151, Covilhã, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Raquel Vinhas
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Luís B Faíl
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-151, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Department of Science and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Vieira
- KinesioLab - Research Unit in Human Movement, Piaget Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- RECI - Research Unit in Education and Community Intervention, Piaget Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISEIT de Almada, Piaget Instituto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique P Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal.
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Tozetto WR, Leonel LDS, Turnes T, Del Duca GF. Effects of linear periodization of combined training on quality of life of adults with obesity: a blind randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2567. [PMID: 35173212 PMCID: PMC8850548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of 16-weeks of combining aerobic and strength training with a linear increase or fixed intensity on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of obese adults. This single-blinded clinical trial involved adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), randomized into control (CG), fixed intensity (FG), or linear increase (LG) groups. The FG and LG performed 16 weeks of combined (aerobic + strength) training for 60 min, three times a week. The FG performed aerobic exercises between 50 and 59% of the heart rate reserve (HRres) and strength at 10-12 maximum repetitions (RM). The LG started with 40-49% of HRres and 12-14 RM and progressively increased the intensity (50-59% and 10-12 RM; 60-69% and 8-10 RM). The HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Generalized estimation equations and mean differences (∆) were used. Of the 69 participants (23 per group), 36 completed the intervention (CG = 13, FG = 9, and LG = 14). A significant difference was observed in the time of the physical function, with superiority in the training groups (CG: ∆ = 1.2 vs. FG and LG, respectively: ∆ = 10.0). The mental health component and mental health domain showed significant differences for the FG (∆ = 30.2 and ∆ = 23.1, respectively). In conclusion, the combined training improved physical functioning. Specifically, fixed-intensity training effectively enhanced mental health indicators.Trial Registration: This study is registered at www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/ (No. RBR-3c7rt3), Date of registration: 07/02/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willen Remon Tozetto
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Dos Santos Leonel
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Turnes
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
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Rosa CC, Tebar WR, Oliveira CBS, Farah BQ, Casonatto J, Saraiva BTC, Christofaro DGD. Effect of Different Sports Practice on Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: Randomized Clinical Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:83. [PMID: 34787727 PMCID: PMC8599741 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Sports practice can promote several health benefits in pediatric populations; nonetheless, most of the studies that investigated these benefits are of cross-sectional design. Thus, our objective was to verify the effectiveness of two types of physical activities through sports, judo and ball games (soccer, volleyball, handball, and basketball) on the quality of sleep and life of Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods The study is a randomized clinical trial, conducted with 65 participants of both sexes (6–15 years old) in a philanthropic institution in Brazil. The variables investigated were the quality of sleep and life, using the mini-sleep questionnaire and KidsCreen-52 questionnaires (this instrument has a scale ranging from 0 to 100, where 100 is the best value for each domain), respectively. The interventions carried out during 12 weeks (twice a week) were judo and ball games. In the statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used and the level of statistical significance used was 5%. Results Judo (P = 0.032) and ball games (P = 0.005) contributed to improving the quality of sleep in the participants. Considering the score of the domains of quality of life, judo and ball games significantly increased the perception of health and physical activity [mean = 6.9 (8.3%) and 8.91 (12.2%) points, respectively], autonomy [mean = 5.81 (7.3%) and 5.00 (6.9%) points], friends and social support (mean = 2.83 (3.8%) and 12.00 (15.9%) points), provocation and bullying [mean = 10.21 (18.1%) and 2.14 (4.1%) points]. Conclusion It is concluded that both judo and ball games brought benefits to the quality of sleep and life of children and adolescents. Health promotion actions should encourage the increase in sports practice in children and adolescents to improve sleep and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cassemiro Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
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Goldfield GS, Walsh J, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Hadjiyannakis S, De Lisio M, Ngu M, Prud’homme D, Alberga AS, Doucette S, Goldfield DB, Cameron JD. Associations of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism With Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Energy Intake in Youth With Obesity: Findings From the HEARTY Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:715330. [PMID: 34867148 PMCID: PMC8633533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is functionally related to BDNF, and is associated with obesity and metabolic complications in adults, but limited research exists among adolescents. This study comparatively examined carriers and non-carriers of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on body composition, energy intake, and cardiometabolic profile among adolescents with obesity. The sample consisted of 187 adolescents with obesity; 99 were carriers of the homozygous Val (G/G) alleles and 88 were carriers of the Val/Met (G/A) or Met (A/A) alleles. Cardiometabolic profile and DNA were quantified from fasted blood samples. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared to carriers of the homozygous Val (G/G) allele, carriers of the Val/Met (G/A) or Met/Met (A/A) variants exhibited significantly higher protein (p = 0.01) and fat (p = 0.05) intake, C-Reactive protein (p = 0.05), and a trend toward higher overall energy intake (p = 0.07), fat-free mass (p = 0.07), and lower HDL-C (p = 0.07) Results showed for the first time that among youth with obesity, carriers of the Val66Met BDNF Met-alleles exhibited significantly higher C-reactive protein and energy intake in the form of fat and protein compared to Val-allele carriers, thereby providing support for the possible role of BDNF in appetite, weight, and metabolic regulation during adolescence. Clinical Trial Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT00195858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jeremy Walsh
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald J. Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mathew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Denis Prud’homme
- President and Vice Chancellor, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Angela S. Alberga
- Department of Kinesiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jameason D. Cameron
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zouhal H, Ben Abderrahman A, Khodamoradi A, Saeidi A, Jayavel A, Hackney AC, Laher I, Algotar AM, Jabbour G. Effects of physical training on anthropometrics, physical and physiological capacities in individuals with obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13039. [PMID: 32383553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the amount of physical activity is an important strategy for weight loss. This systematic review summarizes recent findings on the effects of physical training on anthropometric characteristics, physical performances and physiological capacities in individuals with overweight and obesity. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted from inception until June 2019 using four electronic databases that identified 2,708 records. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 116 studies were included in our final analysis. Both aerobic (e.g., endurance training) and anaerobic training (e.g., high-intensity training, resistance training) improved body composition and physical fitness indicators in adults, adolescents and children with obesity (effect size: 0.08 < d < 2.67, trivial to very large). This systematic review suggests that both low- and high-intensity training significantly reduced body weight and fat mass while increasing fat-free mass in individuals with obesity (effect size: 0.04 <d <3.2, trivial to very large). A significant increase in VO2max also occurs in individuals with obesity in response to aerobic training or high-intensity interval training (effect size: 0.13 < d < 6.24, trivial to very large). Further studies are needed to define the optimal combination of training intensity and duration needed to produce the most efficacious results in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
| | | | - Arash Khodamoradi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Chengalpattu (DT), India
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amit M Algotar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georges Jabbour
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Valois DD, Lamb M, Bowker A, Rutherford J, Buchholz A. Extracurricular Activity Involvement and Body Image in Youth with Obesity: The Mediating Role of Social Life. Child Obes 2019; 15:426-433. [PMID: 31298553 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Youth with severe obesity are vulnerable to body dissatisfaction. Extracurricular activity (ECA) involvement has been linked to positive social interactions and body image in community samples; however, these links remain to be tested in clinical samples of youth with severe obesity. The present study explored ECA involvement [both physical and nonphysical activities (PAs)] in a clinical sample of youth with obesity to determine whether ECA involvement was related to body image (appearance and weight esteem) and social life (i.e., social experiences with peers). Methods: Participants were 209 adolescents (Mean age = 15.05; 50.2% female) who completed a baseline assessment at a tertiary care weight management program. Results: Of the participants, 70.3% of youth reported participating in PAs, and 56.5% reported participating in non-PAs. As hypothesized, weight esteem and social life were higher in those who participated in PA vs. those who did not. Mediation analyses revealed that social life positively mediated the relationship between PA participation and weight esteem. Conclusions: Social life may be a mechanism by which PA participation is positively related to weight esteem in youth with severe obesity. Findings could inform weight management programs for youth with obesity who are at risk for social inclusion and body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcie D Valois
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Lamb
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Bowker
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Rutherford
- Centre For Healthy Active Living (CHAL), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre For Healthy Active Living (CHAL), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Küüsmaa-Schildt M, Liukkonen J, Vuong MK, Nyman K, Häkkinen K, Häkkinen A. Effects of morning vs. evening combined strength and endurance training on physical performance, sleep and well-being. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:811-825. [PMID: 30950283 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1592184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine how combined strength and endurance training in the morning and evening influences the adaptations in strength and endurance performance, perception of time management, psychological well-being and sleep. The combined training period lasted for 24 weeks and the participants were divided into the morning training (MG, n = 18), evening training (EG, n = 24) and control groups (CG, n = 10). Isometric leg press force (iLP), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), sleep behavior, fatigue, time management, motivation, self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed. Morning to evening difference in iLP was observed in both MG and EG at Pre and Post, with higher force values in the evening, but not for VO2max. iLP force increased significantly in EG in the morning (p < 0.001) and evening (p = 0.010). VO2max increased in MG and EG both in the morning (both p < 0.001) and in the evening (MG: p < 0.001; EG: p = 0.003). Participants of the present study slept 7-8 h per night and the self-reported sleep duration, get-up time and the average time to go to bed were similar between the groups and did not change from Pre to Post. From HRQoL dimensions, the score for bodily pain decreased in MG (p = 0.029) and significant between-group differences were observed for Pre-Post changes in MG and EG (p = 0.001) as well as between MG and CG (p < 0.001). In vitality, a significant between-group difference was observed for Pre to Post changes in MG and EG (p = 0.014). Perception of time management decreased in EG (p = 0.042) but stayed unchanged for MG and CG. For the intrinsic motivation to participate, significant between-group differences were observed for MG and EG (p = 0.033) and between MG and CG (p = 0.032) for Pre to Post changes. Self-esteem improved in MG (p = 0.029) and EG (p = 0.024). The present combined strength and endurance training program performed in the morning and in the evening led to similar improvements in strength and endurance performance. Training in the morning or in the evening did not disrupt the already good sleep behavior and it was able to further increase the self-esteem. Although training in the morning hours may leave more time for free time activities or social life (i.e. family and friends) compared to the evening training, it might be more challenging to stay motivated to participate in prolonged training programs in the morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Küüsmaa-Schildt
- a Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - J Liukkonen
- b Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland d
| | - M K Vuong
- a Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - K Nyman
- c Department of Cardiology , Central Hospital of Central Finland , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - K Häkkinen
- a Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - A Häkkinen
- c Department of Cardiology , Central Hospital of Central Finland , Jyväskylä , Finland.,d Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväs , Finland
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11
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Goldfield GS, Kenny GP, Prud'homme D, Holcik M, Alberga AS, Fahnestock M, Cameron JD, Doucette S, Hadjiyannakis S, Tulloch H, Tremblay MS, Walsh J, Guerin E, Gunnell KE, D'Angiulli A, Sigal RJ. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adolescents with obesity: The hearty randomized controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2018; 191:138-145. [PMID: 29679660 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein that plays a critical role in modulating cognition in animals and humans. Aerobic exercise often increases BDNF in adults, but effects of this exercise modality and others among adolescents remain uncertain. This study examined the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on resting serum BDNF levels in adolescents with overweight and obesity. After a 4-week pre-randomization treatment, 304 post-pubertal, adolescents with overweight or obesity (70% females) aged 14-18 years were randomized to one of four groups for 22 weeks: aerobic training (N = 75), resistance training (N = 78), combined aerobic and resistance training (N = 75), or non-exercising control (N = 76). All participants received dietary counseling targeting a daily energy deficit of 250 kcal. The exercise prescription was 4 times per week, progressing to 45 min/session for the aerobic and resistance groups and 90 min/session for the combined group. Resting serum BDNF levels were measured at baseline and 6-months. Results showed that in both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (≥70% adherence to prescribed sessions) analyses, there were no significant within- or between-group changes in BDNF. Findings indicate that aerobic training, resistance training or their combination did change serum BDNF levels in adolescents with overweight and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT00195858 http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00195858, September 12, 2005 (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Martin Holcik
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Department of Kinesiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Tulloch
- Prevention & Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Walsh
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Guerin
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie E Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ronald J Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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12
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Grgic J, Mikulic P, Podnar H, Pedisic Z. Effects of linear and daily undulating periodized resistance training programs on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3695. [PMID: 28848690 PMCID: PMC5571788 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodization is an important component of resistance training programs. It is meant to improve adherence to the training regimen, allow for constant progression, help in avoiding plateaus, and reduce occurrence and severity of injuries. Previous findings regarding the effects of different periodization models on measures of muscle hypertrophy are equivocal. To provide a more in-depth look at the topic, we undertook a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of intervention trials comparing the effects of linear periodization (LP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) resistance training programs on muscle hypertrophy. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) and Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD). Results The pooled standardized mean difference (Cohen’s d) from 13 eligible studies for the difference between the periodization models on muscle hypertrophy was −0.02 (95% confidence interval [−0.25, 0.21], p = 0.848). Conclusions The meta-analysis comparing LP and DUP indicated that the effects of the two periodization models on muscle hypertrophy are likely to be similar. However, more research is needed in this area, particularly among trained individuals and clinical populations. Future studies may benefit from using instruments that are more sensitive for detecting changes in muscle mass, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pavle Mikulic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Podnar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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