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Miron VV, Assmann CE, Mostardeiro VB, da Silveira MV, Copetti PM, Bissacotti BF, Schirmann AA, Castro MFV, Gutierres JM, da Cruz Fernandes M, Viero FT, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Cardoso AM. Neuroprotective effect of long-term resistance physical exercise against memory damage elicited by a lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation model in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25370. [PMID: 39158105 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is considered an excellent tool for preventing diseases with an inflammatory background. Its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties are responsible for positively modulating cholinergic and oxidative systems, promoting neurogenesis, and improving memory. However, the mechanisms behind these actions are largely unknown. In order to investigate the pathways related to these effects of exercise, we conducted a 12-week long-term exercise training protocol and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce damage to the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats. The cholinergic system, oxidative stress, and histochemical parameters were analyzed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and memory tests were also performed. It was observed that LPS: (1) caused memory loss in the novel object recognition (NOR) test; (2) increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Iba1 protein density; (3) reduced the protein density of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1); (4) elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive species (RS); and (5) caused inflammatory damage to the dentate gyrus. RET, on the other hand, was able to prevent all alterations induced by LPS, as well as increase per se the protein density of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7) and Nestin, and the levels of protein thiols (T-SH). Overall, our study elucidates some mechanisms that support resistance physical exercise as a valuable approach against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Copetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fagan Bissacotti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Adriel Antonio Schirmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jessié Martins Gutierres
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tibolla Viero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of the South Border, Chapecó, Brazil
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Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Kondo H, Fujino H. Methylglyoxal reduces resistance exercise-induced protein synthesis and anabolic signaling in rat tibialis anterior muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024:10.1007/s10974-024-09680-w. [PMID: 39085712 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-024-09680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Resistance exercise provides significant benefits to skeletal muscle, including hypertrophy and metabolic enhancements, supporting overall health and disease management. However, skeletal muscle responsiveness to resistance exercise is significantly reduced in conditions such as aging and diabetes. Recent reports suggest that glycation stress contributes to muscle atrophy and impaired exercise-induced muscle adaptation; however, its role in the muscle response to resistance exercise remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether methylglyoxal (MGO), a key factor in glycation stress, affects the acute responsiveness of skeletal muscles to resistance exercise, focusing on protein synthesis and the key signaling molecules. This study included 12 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into two groups: one received 0.5% MGO-supplemented drinking water (MGO group) and the other received regular water (control group). After 10 weeks, the left tibialis anterior muscle of each rat was subjected to electrical stimulation (ES) to mimic resistance exercise, with the right muscle serving as a non-stimulated control. Muscle protein-synthesis rates were evaluated with SUnSET, and phosphorylation levels of key signaling molecules (p70S6K and S6rp) were quantified using western blotting. In the control group, stimulated muscles exhibited significantly increased muscle protein synthesis and phosphorylation levels of p70S6K and S6rp. In the MGO group, these increases were attenuated, indicating that MGO treatment suppresses the adaptive response to resistance exercise. MGO diminishes the skeletal muscle's adaptive response to ES-simulated resistance exercise, affecting both muscle protein synthesis and key signaling molecules. The potential influence of glycation stress on the effectiveness of resistance exercise or ES emphasizes the need for individualized interventions in conditions of elevated glycation stress, such as diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0913, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Human Sciences, 1-4-1 Shojaku, Settsu-shi, Osaka, 566-8501, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen- cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan.
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, 6 Nikko-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 491- 0938, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
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Mohabbat M, Arazi H. Effect of resistance training plus enriched probiotic supplement on sestrin2, oxidative stress, and mitophagy markers in elderly male Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7744. [PMID: 38565633 PMCID: PMC10987664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training combined with a probiotic supplement enriched with vitamin D and leucine on sestrin2, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and mitophagy markers in aged Wistar rats. Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned to two age groups (old with 18-24 months of age and young with 8-12 weeks of age) and then divided into five groups, including (1) old control (OC: n = 5 + 2 for reserve in all groups), (2) young control (YC: n = 5), (3) old resistance training (OR: n = 5), (4) old resistance training plus supplement (ORS: n = 5), and old supplement group (OS: n = 5). Training groups performed ladder climbing resistance training 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Training intensity was inserted progressively, with values equal to 65, 75, and 85, determining rats' maximal carrying load capacity. Each animal made 5 to 8 climbs in each training session, and the time of each climb was between 12 and 15 s, although the time was not the subject of the evaluation, and the climbing pattern was different in the animals. Old resistance plus supplement and old supplement groups received 1 ml of supplement 5 times per week by oral gavage in addition to standard feeding, 1 to 2 h post training sessions. Forty-eight hours after the end of the training program, 3 ml of blood samples were taken, and all rats were then sacrificed to achieve muscle samples. After 8 weeks of training, total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity levels increased in both interventions. A synergistic effect of supplement with resistance training was observed for total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and PTEN-induced kinase 1. Sestrin 2 decreased in intervention groups. These results suggest that resistance training plus supplement can boost antioxidant defense and mitophagy while potentially decreasing muscle strength loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohabbat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41635-1438, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41635-1438, Rasht, Iran.
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Miron VV, Assmann CE, Mostardeiro VB, Bottari NB, Baldissarelli J, Reichert KP, da Silva AD, Castro MFV, de Jesus LB, da Silveira MV, Palma TV, Morsch VM, Cardoso AM, Schetinger MRC. Resistance physical exercise alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered neuroinflammation in cortex and hippocampus of rats via purinergic signaling. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:217-225. [PMID: 37890558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Resistance physical exercise has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on many known diseases and, therefore, it has been increasingly explored. The way in which this type of exercise exerts these actions is still under investigation. In this study, we aimed to analyze the enzymes and components of the purinergic system involved in the inflammatory process triggered by the P2X7R. Rats were divided into four groups: control, exercise (EX), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and EX + LPS. The animals in the exercise groups were subjected to a 12-week ladder-climbing resistance physical exercise and received LPS after the last session for sepsis induction. Enzymes activities (NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase), purinoceptors' density (P2X7R, A1, and A2A), and the levels of inflammatory indicators (pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1B, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α) were measured in the cortex and hippocampus of the animals. The results show that exercise prevented (in the both structures) the increase of: 1) nucleoside-triphosphatase (NTPDase) and 5'-nucleotidase activities; 2) P2X7R density; 3) NLRP3 and Caspase-1; and 4) IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α It is suggested that the purinergic system and the inflammatory pathway of P2X7R are of fundamental importance and influence the effects of resistance physical exercise on LPS-induced inflammation. Thus, the modulation of the P2X7R by resistance physical exercise offers new avenues for the management of inflammatory-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Loren Borba de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tais Vidal Palma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Xu J, Fan Z, Zhou X, Wang Z, Zhang H. Unlocking the Antioxidant Potential of White Tea and Osmanthus Flower: A Novel Polyphenol Liquid Preparation and Its Impact on KM Mice and Their Offspring. Foods 2023; 12:4041. [PMID: 37959160 PMCID: PMC10650671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
White tea, known for its high polyphenol content, boasts impressive antioxidant properties, but its practical applications remain promising. In this study, we successfully developed a liquid polyphenolic preparation (wtofLPP) using white tea and osmanthus flowers, characterized by its rich antioxidant content and favorable rheological properties. This formulation offers a strong foundation for the creation and utilization of innovative antioxidant-rich food products. Notably, wtofLPP significantly enhanced the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes in both KM mice and their offspring, leading to a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, prolonged swimming endurance, and a marked increase in levels of active antioxidant compounds. Furthermore, our study highlights that fatigue stress can impact offspring mice, suggesting that oxidative damage in parents may influence their offspring, potentially affecting their genetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziluan Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xun Zhou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (J.X.); (Z.W.)
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Kanazashi M, Tanaka M. Acute effect of electrical stimulation on muscle protein synthesis and break-down in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rats. Biomed Res 2023; 44:209-218. [PMID: 37779033 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.44.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is effective for disuse-induced muscle atrophy. However, the acute effect of ES on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a single-session ES treatment on mTORC1 signaling, MPS, and MPB in the soleus muscle of 2-week hindlimb unloaded rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 12 male) were randomly divided into control (CON) and hindlimb unloaded (HU) groups. After 2 weeks, the right soleus muscle was percutaneously stimulated and underwent supramaximal isometric contractions. The left soleus muscle served as an internal control. We collected soleus muscle samples 6 h after ES. Two weeks of HU decreased p70S6K and S6rp activation, downstream factors for mTORC1 signaling, and SUnSET method-assessed MPS, but increased the LC3-II/I ratio, an indicator of autophagy. ES on disused muscle successfully activated mTORC1 signaling but did not affect MPS. Contrary, ES decreased ubiquitinated proteins expression and LC3B-II/I ratio. HU might affect mTORC1 activation and MPS differently in response to acute ES possibly due to excessive ROS production caused by ES. Our findings suggest that ES applied to disused skeletal muscles may suppress MPB, but its effect on MPS appears to be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima 723-0053, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional Uni- versity, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-0913, Japan
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Powers SK, Goldstein E, Schrager M, Ji LL. Exercise Training and Skeletal Muscle Antioxidant Enzymes: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010039. [PMID: 36670901 PMCID: PMC9854578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal observation that muscular exercise is associated with oxidative stress in humans was first reported over 45 years ago. Soon after this landmark finding, it was discovered that contracting skeletal muscles produce oxygen radicals and other reactive species capable of oxidizing cellular biomolecules. Importantly, the failure to eliminate these oxidant molecules during exercise results in oxidation of cellular proteins and lipids. Fortuitously, muscle fibers and other cells contain endogenous antioxidant enzymes capable of eliminating oxidants. Moreover, it is now established that several modes of exercise training (e.g., resistance exercise and endurance exercise) increase the expression of numerous antioxidant enzymes that protect myocytes against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This review concisely summarizes the impact of endurance, high-intensity interval, and resistance exercise training on the activities of enzymatic antioxidants within skeletal muscles in humans and other mammals. We also discuss the evidence that exercise-induced up-regulation of cellular antioxidants reduces contraction-induced oxidative damage in skeletal muscles and has the potential to delay muscle fatigue and improve exercise performance. Finally, in hopes of stimulating further research, we also discuss gaps in our knowledge of exercise-induced changes in muscle antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Goldstein
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Matthew Schrager
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Li Li Ji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
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Venckunas T, Brazaitis M, Snieckus A, Mickevicius M, Eimantas N, Subocius A, Mickeviciene D, Westerblad H, Kamandulis S. Adding High-Intensity Interval Training to Classical Resistance Training Does Not Impede the Recovery from Inactivity-Induced Leg Muscle Weakness. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010016. [PMID: 36670879 PMCID: PMC9854626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is known to induce muscle weakness, and chronically increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are proposed to have a central causative role in this process. Intriguingly, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which involves bursts of high ROS production, can have positive effects in pathological conditions with chronically increased ROS. Here, young male volunteers were exposed to 3 weeks of unloading of the dominant leg followed by 3 weeks of resistance training without (Ctrl group) or with the addition of all-out cycling HIIT. Changes in muscle thickness were assessed by ultrasonography, and contractile function was studied by measuring the torque during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). The results show an ~6% decrease in vastus lateralis thickness after the unloading period, which was fully restored after the subsequent training period in both the Ctrl and HIIT groups. MVC torque was decreased by ~11% after the unloading period and recovered fully during the subsequent training period in both groups. All-out cycling performance was improved by the 3 weeks of HIIT. In conclusion, the decline in muscle size and function after 3 weeks of unloading was restored by 3 weeks of resistance training regardless of whether it was combined with HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Snieckus
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mantas Mickevicius
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrejus Subocius
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Kaunas Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Mickeviciene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Nazanin M, Tolouei-Azar J, Razi M. Running exercise training-induced impact on oxidative stress and mitochondria-related apoptosis in rat's testicles. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14520. [PMID: 35818990 DOI: 10.1111/and.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study has been designed to explore the effects of running exercise training protocols (ETPs), with different intensities, on testicular redox and antioxidant capacities. Moreover, the crosstalk between oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondria-related apoptosis was analysed. To this end, 24 Wistar rats were subdivided into sedentary control, low- (LICT), moderate- (MICT), and high (HICT)-intensity continuous running ETP groups. Following 8 weeks, the Johnsen score, sperm count, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total oxidant status (TOS), and redox biomarkers, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were evaluated. Additionally, the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, proteins involving in the mitochondria-related apoptosis, and the apoptotic index were analysed. The LICT and MICT running ETPs did not affect the spermatogenesis development, sperm count, and antioxidant and redox capacities. Accordingly, no significant changes were revealed in Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression levels and apoptosis index compared to sedentary rats. In contrast, the HICT-induced rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in spermatogenesis development, sperm count, antioxidant and redox capacities versus control, LICT, and MICT groups. Moreover, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, while the Bax and caspase-3 expression levels were increased in the HICT-induced group. Finally, the apoptosis index was increased in the HICT group. In conclusion, the suppressed redox system after HICT can trigger the mitochondria-mediated ROS overload, result in OS condition in the testicular tissue, and reversely target the mitochondrial membrane permeability. All of these molecular alterations are suspected to initiate progressive mitochondria-related apoptosis after HICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozaffari Nazanin
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei-Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of basic Sciences, Division of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Stress-induced cardiometabolic perturbations, increased oxidative stress and ACE/ACE2 imbalance are improved by endurance training in rats. Life Sci 2022; 305:120758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Similar Inflammatory Adaptation in Women following 10 Weeks of Two Equalized Resistance Training with Different Muscle Action Duration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2185111. [PMID: 35757469 PMCID: PMC9217554 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2185111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the profile of inflammatory markers and components of redox regulation in untrained women after 10 weeks of resistance training using equalized protocols but different muscle action duration (MAD). Twenty-two women underwent progressive resistance training exercising the knee extensor muscles for 10 weeks—3x/week, with 3-5 sets of 6 repetitions at 50% of the 1 repetition maximum strength test (1RM), with a rest of 180 s between the series, following the training protocol (i) 5 s of concentric muscle action for 1 s of eccentric muscle action (5C-1E) and (ii) 1 s of concentric muscle action for 5 s of eccentric muscle action (1C-5E). Quadriceps muscle hypertrophy maximum strength (1RM) and redox regulation/muscle damage/inflammatory markers (CAT, SOD, TBARS, FRAP, CH, LDH, CXCL8, and CCL2) were evaluated. Plasma markers were evaluated before and 30 minutes after the first and last training sessions. A similar gain in hypertrophy and maximum strength was observed in both groups. However, in the 5C-1E, a significant major effect was observed for SOD (F1.19 = 10.480, p = 0.004) and a significant major time effect, with a reduction in the last training session, was observed for CXCL8 (F1.37 = 27.440, p < 0.001). In conclusion, similar protocols of resistance training, with different MAD, produced similar inflammatory and adaptive responses to strength training. As the training load is progressive, the maintenance of this inflammatory and redox regulation profile suggests an adaptive response to the proposed strength training.
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12
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Maherinia H, Peeri M, Azarbayjani M, Delfan M. Aerobic exercise training combined with probiotic supplement improves antioxidant defence of cardiomyocytes by regulating Nrf2 and caspase3 gene expression in type 2 diabetic rats. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 18:255-263. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise training combined with probiotic supplementation on mRNA levels of Nrf-2 and caspase-3 genes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in rats with type 2 diabetes. 40 male Wistar diabetic rats were divided into five groups: healthy placebo control group (NC), diabetic control group without supplement (DC), diabetic control group with supplement (SDC), diabetic aerobic training group without supplement (DT), and diabetic aerobic training group with probiotic supplement (SDT). Each training group performed training five days per week for four weeks and each session of training consisted of 30 min running on a treadmill with an intensity of 65-60% of maximum speed. Simultaneously, rats were fed probiotic supplements. Serum glucose, SOD, and TAC were analysed. The real-time PCR technique was used to determine the gene expression of Nrf-2 and caspase-3. Both aerobic exercise training and probiotic supplementation interactively reduced caspase 3 gene expression, increased Nrf-2 gene expression and enhanced TAC in the left ventricle of diabetic rats. Also, the reduction of caspase-3 mRNA in the left ventricle was more effective in the SDT group than in other diabetic groups. There was no interaction effect on SOD. However, a simultaneous effect of training and supplementation was observed on increasing TAC levels when compared to the DC group. Pearson’s correlation showed that the heart weight gain in the SDT group occurred only by decreasing the expression of the caspase-3 gene. Based on these results, probiotics combined with exercise training can be a strategy for improving the antioxidant defence system and preventing risk factors of diabetic cardiomyocytes, especially cell death and myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Maherinia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M.A. Azarbayjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Effting PS, Thirupathi A, Müller AP, Pereira BC, Sepa-Kishi DM, Marqueze LFB, Vasconcellos FTF, Nesi RT, Pereira TCB, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Ceddia RB, Pinho RA. Resistance Exercise Training Improves Metabolic and Inflammatory Control in Adipose and Muscle Tissues in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112179. [PMID: 35683979 PMCID: PMC9182921 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether ladder climbing (LC), as a model of resistance exercise, can reverse whole-body and skeletal muscle deleterious metabolic and inflammatory effects of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in mice. To accomplish this, Swiss mice were fed for 17 weeks either standard chow (SC) or an HF diet and then randomly assigned to remain sedentary or to undergo 8 weeks of LC training with progressive increases in resistance weight. Prior to beginning the exercise intervention, HF-fed animals displayed a 47% increase in body weight (BW) and impaired ability to clear blood glucose during an insulin tolerance test (ITT) when compared to SC animals. However, 8 weeks of LC significantly reduced BW, adipocyte size, as well as glycemia under fasting and during the ITT in HF-fed rats. LC also increased the phosphorylation of AktSer473 and AMPKThr172 and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β) contents in the quadriceps muscles of HF-fed mice. Additionally, LC reduced the gene expression of inflammatory markers and attenuated HF-diet-induced NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox in skeletal muscles. LC training was effective in reducing adiposity and the content of inflammatory mediators in skeletal muscle and improved whole-body glycemic control in mice fed an HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline S. Effting
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Alexandre P. Müller
- Graduate de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88020-302, SC, Brazil;
| | - Bárbara C. Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Diane M. Sepa-Kishi
- Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (D.M.S.-K.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Luis F. B. Marqueze
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
| | - Franciane T. F. Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
| | - Renata T. Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
| | - Talita C. B. Pereira
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil; (T.C.B.P.); (L.W.K.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Luiza W. Kist
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil; (T.C.B.P.); (L.W.K.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maurício R. Bogo
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil; (T.C.B.P.); (L.W.K.); (M.R.B.)
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Rolando B. Ceddia
- Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (D.M.S.-K.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
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14
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Physical-Exercise-Induced Antioxidant Effects on the Brain and Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050826. [PMID: 35624690 PMCID: PMC9138070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) and the antioxidant-responsive-elements (ARE) signaling pathway are the master regulators of cell antioxidant defenses, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, a scenario in which proper mitochondrial function is essential. Increasing evidence indicates that the regular practice of physical exercise increases cellular antioxidant defenses by activating NRF2 signaling. This manuscript reviewed classic and ongoing research on the beneficial effects of exercise on the antioxidant system in both the brain and skeletal muscle.
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15
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Cunha PM, Ribeiro AS, Padilha C, Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino LT, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Antunes M, Fernandes RR, Barbosa DS, Venturini D, Burini RC, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Older Women Is Dependent on Resistance Training Volume: Active Aging Longitudinal Study. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1141-1146. [PMID: 35104066 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cunha, PM, Ribeiro, AS, Padilha, C, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Cyrino, LT, Tomeleri, CM, Nascimento, MA, Antunes, M, Fernandes, RR, Barbosa, DS, Venturini, D, Burini, RC, Sardinha, LB, and Cyrino, ES. Improvement of oxidative stress in older women is dependent on resistance training volume: Active aging longitudinal study. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1141-1146, 2022-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre- to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV = -7.3% vs. HV = -12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction (p < 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV = -8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 ± 1.22 vs. LV = -0.37 ± 1.03; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Padilha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, NY
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Burini
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
- Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center from the Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil; and
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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16
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Kawamura A, Hashimoto S, Suzuki M, Ueno H, Sugita M. Oligomerized polyphenols in lychee fruit extract supplements may improve high-intensity exercise performance in male athletes: a pilot study. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:8-15. [PMID: 34727683 PMCID: PMC8580582 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by prolonged high-intensity exercise can cause structural and functional damage. Antioxidant polyphenol supplementation, which reduces ROS levels, may improve high-intensity exercise performance. We evaluated the effect of lychee fruit extract, which contains high levels of low-molecular-weight oligomerized polyphenols, on high-intensity exercise performance. [Methods] Ten male athletes were included in an open-label trial that consisted of control and intervention phases, with a 7-day washout period between phases. The participants were administered oligomerized lychee fruit extract for seven days, whereas no intervention was given in the control phase. High-intensity intermittent exercise and the Wingate test were performed. The power output, blood lactate levels, reactive oxygen metabolite levels, biological antioxidant potential, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were measured. [Results] The average power output was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.01), while the change in blood lactate levels was significantly lower in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05). The average heart rate was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05), without changing the rate of perceived exertion. Although there was no difference in reactive oxygen metabolite levels between the phase, the change in biological antioxidant potential was larger in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P = 0.06). The Wingate test showed no significant differences between the phase. [Conclusion] Short-term loading with oligomerized lychee fruit extract may increase performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise by improving metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamura
- Sports Science Research Promotion Centre, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Sports Science Research Promotion Centre, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ueno
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugita
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Exercise-Mediated Browning of White Adipose Tissue: Its Significance, Mechanism and Effectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111512. [PMID: 34768943 PMCID: PMC8583930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a metabolic organ, adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating metabolism. In adults, most adipose tissue is white adipose tissue (WAT), and excessive expansion of WAT will lead to obesity. It is worth noting that exercise can reduce the fat mass. There is also a lot of evidence that exercise can promote the browning of WAT, which is beneficial for metabolic homeostasis. Multiple factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolites, nervous system, exerkines and lipolysis can facilitate exercise-mediated browning of WAT. In this review, the roles and the underlying mechanisms of exercise-mediated browning of WAT are summarized. The effects of different styles of exercise on the browning of WAT are also discussed, with the aim to propose better exercise strategies to enhance exercise-mediated browning of WAT, so as to promote metabolic health. Finally, the different reactivity of WAT at different anatomical sites to exercise-mediated browning is reviewed, which may provide potential suggestion for people with different fat loss needs.
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18
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Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in treadmill trained rats. Brain Res 2021; 1769:147582. [PMID: 34314729 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and the key point is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exercise modulates medullary neurons involved in cardiovascular control. We investigated the effect of chronic exercise training (Tr) in treadmill running on gene expression (GE) of ROS and inflammation in commNTS and RVLM neurons. Male Wistar rats (N = 7/group) were submitted to training in a treadmill running (1 h/day, 5 days/wk/10 wks) or maintained sedentary (Sed). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), neuroglobin (Ngb), Cytoglobin (Ctb), NADPH oxidase (Nox), cicloxigenase-2 (Cox-2), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene expression were evaluated in commNTS and RVLM neurons by qPCR. In RVLM, Tr rats increased Ngb (1.285 ± 0.03 vs. 0.995 ± 0.06), Cygb (1.18 ± 0.02 vs.0.99 ± 0.06), SOD (1.426 ± 0.108 vs. 1.00 ± 0.08), CAT (1.34 ± 0.09 vs. 1.00 ± 0.08); and decreased Nox (0.55 ± 0.146 vs. 1.001 ± 0.08), Cox-2 (0.335 ± 0.05 vs. 1.245 ± 0.02), NOS1 (0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 1.08 ± 0.209) GE compared to Sed. In commNTS, Tr rats increased SOD (1.384 ± 0.13 vs. 0.897 ± 0.101), CAT GE (1.312 ± 0.126 vs. 0.891 ± 0.106) and decreased Cox-2 (0.052 ± 0.011 vs. 1.06 ± 0.207) and NOS1 (0.1550 ± 0.03559 vs. 1.122 ± 0.26) GE compared to Sed. Therefore, GE of proteins of the inflammatory process reduced while GE of antioxidant proteins increased in the commNTS and RVLM after training, suggesting a decrease in oxidative stress of downstream pathways mediated by nitric oxide.
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19
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McDermott MM, Dayanidhi S, Kosmac K, Saini S, Slysz J, Leeuwenburgh C, Hartnell L, Sufit R, Ferrucci L. Walking Exercise Therapy Effects on Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease. Circ Res 2021; 128:1851-1867. [PMID: 34110902 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Walking exercise is the most effective noninvasive therapy that improves walking ability in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Biologic mechanisms by which exercise improves walking in PAD are unclear. This review summarizes evidence regarding effects of walking exercise on lower extremity skeletal muscle in PAD. In older people without PAD, aerobic exercise improves mitochondrial activity, muscle mass, capillary density, and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. However, walking exercise increases lower extremity ischemia in people with PAD, and therefore, mechanisms by which this exercise improves walking may differ between people with and without PAD. Compared with people without PAD, gastrocnemius muscle in people with PAD has greater mitochondrial impairment, increased reactive oxygen species, and increased fibrosis. In multiple small trials, walking exercise therapy did not consistently improve mitochondrial activity in people with PAD. In one 12-week randomized trial of people with PAD randomized to supervised exercise or control, supervised treadmill exercise increased treadmill walking time from 9.3 to 15.1 minutes, but simultaneously increased the proportion of angular muscle fibers, consistent with muscle denervation (from 7.6% to 15.6%), while angular myofibers did not change in the control group (from 9.1% to 9.1%). These findings suggest an adaptive response to exercise in PAD that includes denervation and reinnervation, an adaptive process observed in skeletal muscle of people without PAD during aging. Small studies have not shown significant effects of exercise on increased capillary density in lower extremity skeletal muscle of participants with PAD, and there are no data showing that exercise improves microcirculatory delivery of oxygen and nutrients in patients with PAD. However, the effects of supervised exercise on increased plasma nitrite abundance after a treadmill walking test in people with PAD may be associated with improved lower extremity skeletal muscle perfusion and may contribute to improved walking performance in response to exercise in people with PAD. Randomized trials with serial, comprehensive measures of muscle biology, and physiology are needed to clarify mechanisms by which walking exercise interventions improve mobility in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M McDermott
- Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.M.M., J.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan Ability Laboratory (S.D.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Kate Kosmac
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky (K.K.)
| | - Sunil Saini
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, School of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India (S.S.)
| | - Joshua Slysz
- Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.M.M., J.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Lisa Hartnell
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging (L.H., L.F.)
| | - Robert Sufit
- Department of Neurology (R.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging (L.H., L.F.)
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20
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Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Santos JFD, Macedo FN, Marçal AC, Santana Filho VJ, Wichi RB, Lauton-Santos S. Strength Training Reduces Cardiac and Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:4-11. [PMID: 33566958 PMCID: PMC8159508 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamento O treino de força tem efeitos benéficos em doenças renais, além de ajudar a melhorar a defesa antioxidante em animais saudáveis. Objetivo Verificar se o treino de força reduz o dano oxidativo ao coração e rim contralateral para cirurgia de indução de hipertensão renovascular, bem como avaliar as alterações na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes endógenas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx). Métodos Dezoito ratos machos foram divididos em três grupos (n=6/grupo): placebo, hipertenso e hipertenso treinado. Os animais foram induzidos a hipertensão renovascular através da ligação da artéria renal esquerda. O treino de força foi iniciado quatro semanas após a indução da hipertensão renovascular, teve 12 semanas de duração e foi realizada a 70% de 1RM. Depois do período de treino, os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia e o rim esquerdo e o coração foram retirados para realizar a quantificação de peróxidos de hidrogênio, malondialdeído e grupos sulfidrílicos, que são marcadores de danos oxidativos. Além disso, foram medidas as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados Depois do treino de força, houve redução de danos oxidativos a lipídios e proteínas, como pode-se observar pela redução de peróxidos de hidrogênio e níveis sulfidrílicos totais, respectivamente. Além disso, houve um aumento nas atividades das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase. Conclusão O treino de força tem o potencial de reduzir danos oxidativos, aumentando a atividades de enzimas antioxidantes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):4-11)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology - Cardiac Exercise Reserch Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Trondheim - Noruega.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | | | - Fabricio Nunes Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário Estácio de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE - Brasil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Departamento de Morfologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | - Valter J Santana Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | - Rogerio Brandão Wichi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | - Sandra Lauton-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
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21
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Eskandari M, Asghari H, Saghebjoo M, Kazemi T. Short duration moderate resistance training reduces blood pressure and plasma TNF-α in hypertensive men: The importance role of upper and lower body training. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Kawamura A, Aoi W, Abe R, Kobayashi Y, Kuwahata M, Higashi A. Astaxanthin-, β-Carotene-, and Resveratrol-Rich Foods Support Resistance Training-Induced Adaptation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010113. [PMID: 33466842 PMCID: PMC7830030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training adaptively increases the muscle strength associated with protein anabolism. Previously, we showed that the combined intake of astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol can accelerate protein anabolism in the skeletal muscle of mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anabolic nutrient-rich foods on muscle adaptation induced by resistance training. Twenty-six healthy men were divided into control and intervention groups. All participants underwent a resistance training program twice a week for 10 weeks. Astaxanthin-, β-carotene-, and resveratrol-rich foods were provided to the intervention group. Body composition, nutrient intake, maximal voluntary contraction of leg extension, oxygen consumption, and serum carbonylated protein level were measured before and after training. The skeletal muscle mass was higher after training than before training in both groups (p < 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction was increased after training in the intervention group (p < 0.05), but not significantly increased in the control group. Resting oxygen consumption was higher after training in the intervention group only (p < 0.05). As an oxidative stress marker, serum carbonylated protein level tended to be lower immediately after exercise than before exercise in the intervention group only (p = 0.056). Intake of astaxanthin-, β-carotene-, and resveratrol-rich foods supported resistance training-induced strength and metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
- Sports Science Research Promotion Center, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 1588508, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-703-5417
| | - Ryo Abe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
- Department of Nutrition Management, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama 6418510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
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Thirupathi A, Scarparo S, Silva PL, Marqueze LF, Vasconcelos FTF, Nagashima S, Cunha EBB, de Noronha L, Silveira PCL, Nesi RT, Gu Y, Pinho RA. Physical Exercise-Mediated Changes in Redox Profile Contribute to Muscle Remodeling After Passive Hand-Rolled Cornhusk Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Physiol 2020; 11:590962. [PMID: 33281621 PMCID: PMC7705113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of non-traditional cigarettes has increased considerably worldwide, and they can induce skeletal muscle dysfunction. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be important for prevention and treatment of smoking-related diseases. Therfore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined physical exercise (aerobic plus resistance exercise) on muscle histoarchitecture and oxidative stress in the animals exposed chronically to smoke from hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette (HRCC). Male Swiss mice were exposed to ambient air or passively to the smoke of 12 cigarettes over three daily sessions (four cigarettes per session) for 30 consecutive days with or without combined physical training. 48 h after the last training session, total leukocyte count was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the quadriceps were removed for histological/immunohistochemical analysis and measurement of oxidative stress parameters. The effects of HRCC on the number of leukocytes in BALF, muscle fiber diameter, central nuclei, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were reverted after combined physical training. In addition, increased myogenic factor 5, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), reduced transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and nitrate levels were observed after physical training. However, the reduction in superoxide dismutase and glutathione/glutathione oxidized ratio induced by HRCC was not affected by the training program. These results suggest the important changes in the skeletal muscle brought about by HRCC-induced alteration in the muscle redox profile. In addition, combined physical exercise contributes to remodeling without disrupting muscle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Scarparo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Paulo L Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Luis F Marqueze
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Franciane T F Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B B Cunha
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Scheffer DDL, Latini A. Exercise-induced immune system response: Anti-inflammatory status on peripheral and central organs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165823. [PMID: 32360589 PMCID: PMC7188661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide array of molecular pathways has been investigated during the past decade in order to understand the mechanisms by which the practice of physical exercise promotes neuroprotection and reduces the risk of developing communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. While a single session of physical exercise may represent a challenge for cell homeostasis, repeated physical exercise sessions will improve immunosurveillance and immunocompetence. Additionally, immune cells from the central nervous system will acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype, protecting central functions from age-induced cognitive decline. This review highlights the exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effect on the prevention or treatment of common chronic clinical and experimental settings. It also suggests the use of pterins in biological fluids as sensitive biomarkers to follow the anti-inflammatory effect of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Powers SK, Deminice R, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Bomkamp MP, Hyatt H. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:415-425. [PMID: 32380253 PMCID: PMC7498668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal muscles. Although several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production, it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during exercise. This contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with (1) oxidant damage in several tissues (e.g., increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation), (2) accelerated muscle fatigue, and (3) activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle fibers. While our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades, questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to health. This review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s) of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 10011, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA; Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA; Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Matthew P Bomkamp
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Insulin Resistance Does Not Impair Mechanical Overload-Stimulated Glucose Uptake, but Does Alter the Metabolic Fate of Glucose in Mouse Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134715. [PMID: 32630335 PMCID: PMC7370044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glucose metabolism are impaired in insulin resistance. Mechanical overload stimulates glucose uptake into insulin-resistant muscle; yet the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect remain poorly understood. This study examined whether a differential partitioning of glucose metabolism is part of the mechanosensitive mechanism underlying overload-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance. Plantaris muscle overload was induced by unilateral synergist ablation. After 5 days, muscles were excised for the following measurements: (1) [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake; (2) glycogen; 3) [5-3H]-glucose flux through glycolysis; (4) lactate secretion; (5) metabolites; and (6) immunoblots. Overload increased glucose uptake ~80% in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant muscles. Overload increased glycogen content ~20% and this was enhanced to ~40% in the insulin-resistant muscle. Overload did not alter glycolytic flux, but did increase muscle lactate secretion 40–50%. In both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant muscles, overload increased 6-phosphogluconate levels ~150% and decreased NADP:NADPH ~60%, indicating pentose phosphate pathway activation. Overload increased protein O-GlcNAcylation ~45% and this was enhanced to ~55% in the insulin-resistant muscle, indicating hexosamine pathway activation. In conclusion, insulin resistance does not impair mechanical overload-stimulated glucose uptake but does alter the metabolic fate of glucose in muscle.
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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Glucose Metabolism by Exercise Training. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102432. [PMID: 31614762 PMCID: PMC6835691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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28
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Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Bonvini A, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J. Effects of glutamine and alanine supplementation on muscle fatigue parameters of rats submitted to resistance training. Nutrition 2019; 65:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seaweed Supplementation Enhances Maximal Muscular Strength and Attenuates Resistance Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3528932. [PMID: 31467574 PMCID: PMC6699269 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3528932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of chronic seaweed (Gracilaria asiatica) supplementation on maximal carrying capacity, muscle mass, and oxidative stress in rats following high-intensity resistance exercise (RE). Forty Sprague-Daley rats were equally categorized into control, exercise, seaweed, and exercise plus seaweed (ES) groups. Rats in respective groups performed RE (once per 2 days) or received seaweed (250 mg/kg bodyweight, orally) for 10 weeks. Results showed that seaweed consumption in combination with RE significantly (p < 0.05) increased maximal weight carrying capacity compared to RE alone. FHL muscle mass was significantly higher in both exercise and ES groups. Notably, high-intensity RE-induced lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in muscle, was substantially diminished (p < 0.05) by seaweed treatment. This antioxidative effect of seaweed was further represented by augmented superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in seaweed groups. We noticed increased insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, while the fasting blood glucose levels remained stable in seaweed and ES groups. Our findings conclude that seaweed in combination with RE enhanced maximal carrying strength and attenuated oxidative stress through improved antioxidant capacity. Seaweed could be a potential nutritional supplement to boost performance and to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.
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30
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Ezabadi A, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA, Hosseini SA. The Effects of Resistance Training and Berberine Chloride Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Cerebellum Tissue of Diazinon-Poisoned Rats. MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 6. [DOI: 10.5812/mejrh.92870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
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31
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, García-Melo LF, Anguiano-Robledo L, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Morales-Gonzalez JA. Antioxidant and Adaptative Response Mediated by Nrf2 during Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060196. [PMID: 31242588 PMCID: PMC6617290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a powerful nuclear transcription factor that coordinates an antioxidant cytoprotector system complex stimulated by the increase in inoxidative stress (OS). In the present manuscript, we conduct a review on the evidence that shows the effect different modalities of physical exercise exert on the antioxidant metabolic response directed by Nrf2. During physical exercise, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased; therefore, if the endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to control the elevation of ROS, the resulting OS triggers the activation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2 to induce the antioxidant response. On a molecular basis related to physical exercise, hormesis maintenance (exercise preconditioning) and adaptative changes in training are supported by a growing body of evidence, which is important for detailing the health benefits that involve greater resistance to environmental aggressions, better tolerance to constant changes, and increasing the regenerative capacity of the cells in such a way that it may be used as a tool to support the prevention or treatment of diseases. This may have clinical implications for future investigations regarding physical exercise in terms of understanding adaptations in high-performance athletes but also as a therapeutic model in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, CP 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Luis Fernando García-Melo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07700 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - José A. Morales-Gonzalez
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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32
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Cezar MDM, Pagan LU, Damatto RL, Lima A, Gomes MJ. Cardioprotective Effects of Resistance Training on Obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:553-554. [PMID: 31188961 PMCID: PMC6555586 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Urbano Pagan
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista
(UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Damatto
- Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva
(FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brazil
| | - Aline Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista
(UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Mariana Janini Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista
(UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil
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33
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Effting PS, Brescianini SMS, Sorato HR, Fernandes BB, Fidelis GDSP, Silva PRLD, Silveira PCL, Nesi RT, Ceddia RB, Pinho RA. Resistance Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress Parameters and TNF-α Content in the Heart of Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:545-552. [PMID: 31038529 PMCID: PMC6555563 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity can be characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and is
associated with an excesso production of reactive oxygen species, factors
that contribute to coronary heart disease and other cardiomyopathies. Objective To verify the effects of resistance exercise training on oxidative stress and
inflammatory parameters on mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet
(HFD). Methods 24 Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: standard diet (SD), SD + resistance
exercise (SD + RE), diet-induced obesity (DIO), DIO + RE. The animals were
fed SD or HFD for 26 weeks and performed resistance exercises in the last 8
weeks of the study. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) and body weight
monitoring were performed to assess the clinical parameters. Oxidative
stress and inflammation parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue.
Data were expressed by mean and standard deviation (p < 0.05). Results The DIO group had a significant increase in reactive oxygen species levels
and lipid peroxidation with reduction after exercise. Superoxide dismutase
and the glutathione system showed no significant changes in DIO animals,
with an increase in SD + RE. Only catalase activity decreased with both diet
and exercise influence. There was an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α) in the DIO group, characterizing a possible inflammatory
condition, with a decrease when exposed to resistance training (DIO+RE). Conclusion The DIO resulted in a redox imbalance in cardiac tissue, but the RE was able
to modulate these parameters, as well as to control the increase in
TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Souza Effting
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Stella M S Brescianini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Helen R Sorato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Bruna Barros Fernandes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Giulia Dos S Pedroso Fidelis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto L da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Paulo César L Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Center - York University, Toronto, ON - Canadá
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício em Saúde (BioEx) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
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Strength training and aerobic exercise alter mitochondrial parameters in brown adipose tissue and equally reduce body adiposity in aged rats. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:101-108. [PMID: 30712161 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With aging, there is a reduction in mitochondrial activity, and several changes occur in the body composition, including increased adiposity. The dysfunction of mitochondrial activity causes changes and adaptations in tissue catabolic characteristics. Among them, we can mention brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT's main function is lipid oxidation for heat production, hence playing a role in adaptive thermogenesis induced by environmental factors such as exercise. It is known that exercise causes a series of metabolic changes, including loss body fat; however, there is still no consensus in the academic community about whether both strength and aerobic exercise equally reduces adiposity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of strength training and aerobic exercise regimes on adiposity, proteins regulating mitochondrial activity, and respiratory complexes in BAT of old rats. The rats were divided in two control groups: young control (YC; N = 5), and old control (OC; N = 5), and two exercise groups: strength training (OST; N = 5), and aerobic treadmill training (OAT; N = 5). Rats were subjected to an 8-week exercise regime, and their body composition parameters were evaluated (total body weight, adiposity index, and BAT weight). In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis proteins (PGC-1α, SIRT1, and pAMPK) and respiratory chain activity (complexes I, II/III, III, and IV) were evaluated. Results showed that OST and OAT exercise protocols significantly increased the mitochondrial regulatory molecules and respiratory chain activity, while body fat percentage and adiposity index significantly decreased. Taken together, both OST and OAT exercise increased BAT weight, activity of respiratory complexes, and regulatory proteins in BAT and equally reduced body adiposity.
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Brito ADF, Silva AS, de Souza AA, Ferreira PB, de Souza ILL, Araujo LCDC, Félix GDS, Sampaio RDS, Silva MDCC, Tavares RL, Pereira RDA, Miranda Neto M, da Silva BA. Aortic Response to Strength Training and Spirulina platensis Dependent on Nitric Oxide and Antioxidants. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1522. [PMID: 30429798 PMCID: PMC6220060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that supplementation with Spirulina platensis improves vascular reactivity. However, it is unclear whether in association with strength training this effect can be enhanced. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of strength training and S. platensis on the reactivity of the aorta from Wistar rat and the possible mechanisms involved. The animals were supplemented with S. platensis and divided into sedentary (SG, SG50, SG150, and SG500) and trained groups (TG, TG50, TG150, and TG500). Nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity were determined by biochemical assays. To evaluate vascular response, cumulative concentration—response curves to phenylephrine (PHE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were constructed. L-NAME was used to assess the participation of nitric oxide (NO). It was observed that the PHE contractile potency was reduced in TG50, TG150, and TG500 groups compared to SG50, SG150, and SG500 groups, respectively. However, the presence of L-NAME increased the contractile response in all groups. Strength training potentiated the increase in relaxing activity induced by S. platensis, where the pCE50 values of ACh increased in TG150 and TG500. These responses were accompanied by increased nitrite production, MDA reduction and increased antioxidant activity in the aorta of both TG150 and TG500 groups. Thus, the present study demonstrated that combined with strength training, S. platensis potentiates vascular improvement through the participation of NO and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Freitas Brito
- School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, Recife, Brazil.,Physical Education Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alesandra A de Souza
- Federal University of Tocantins, Licentiate in Physical Education, Tocantinópolis, Brazil
| | - Paula B Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Iara L L de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Layanne C da Cunha Araujo
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Souza Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição C Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Renata L Tavares
- Laboratory of Studies of Physical Training Applied to the Performance and the Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Miranda Neto
- Laboratory of Studies of Physical Training Applied to the Performance and the Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Miron VV, Bottari NB, Assmann CE, Stefanello N, da Costa P, Pelinson LP, Reichert KP, da Silva AD, Lopes TF, da Cruz IBM, Sévigny J, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Cardoso AM. Physical exercise prevents alterations in purinergic system and oxidative status in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3232-3242. [PMID: 30230598 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a generalized infection that involves alterations in inflammatory parameters, oxidant status, and purinergic signaling in many tissues. Physical exercise has emerged as a tool to prevent this disease because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise on preventing alterations in purinergic system components, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, exercise (EX), LPS, and EX+LPS. The resisted physical exercise was performed for 12 weeks on a ladder with 1 m height. After 72 hours of the last exercise session, the animals received 2.5 mg/kg of LPS for induction of sepsis, and after 24 hours, lungs and blood samples were collected for analysis. The results showed that the exercise protocol used was able to prevent, in septic animals: (1) the increase in body temperature; (2) the increase of lipid peroxidation and reactive species levels in the lung, (3) the increase in adenosine triphosphate levels in serum; (4) the change in the activity of the enzymes ectonucleotidases in lymphocytes, partially; (5) the change in the density of purinergic enzymes and receptors in the lung, and (6) the increase of IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression. Our results revealed the involvement of purinergic signaling and oxidative damage in the mechanisms by which exercise prevents sepsis aggravations. Therefore, the regular practice of physical exercise is encouraged as a better way to prepare the body against sepsis complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pauline da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Paula Pelinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anielen Dutra da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thauan Faccin Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Morphology Department, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Academic Coordination, Medicine, Campus Chapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Bonvini A, Godois ADM, Hypólito TM, Pereira JRR, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J. Effects of Glutamine and Alanine Supplementation on Adiposity, Plasma Lipid Profile, and Adipokines of Rats Submitted to Resistance Training. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:676-688. [PMID: 29985713 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1472716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine and alanine are lipogenic and could prevent the effects of resistance training (RT) in reducing adiposity and modulating lipid profile. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT and glutamine and alanine supplementation, in their free or conjugated form, on relative epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight, plasma lipid profile, and adipokines in EAT. Thirty Wistar rats, aged two months, were distributed into five groups: control (CTRL), trained (TRN), trained and supplemented with alanine (ALA), glutamine and alanine in their free form (GLN+ALA), or L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP). Trained groups underwent a ladder-climbing exercise for eight weeks, with progressive load increase. Supplementations were offered in a solution with a concentration of 4% in the last 21 days of training. Food consumption and body weight gain were decreased in the TRN group compared with CTRL. RT also reduced relative EAT and BAT weight, while supplementations, especially with ALA, increased adipose tissue mass. RT reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (TRN vs. CTRL), whereas glutamine and alanine supplementation increased TC and LDL-c, impairing lipid profile modulation by physical exercise. RT did not affect the concentrations of adipokines in EAT, but DIP supplementation increased interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL-10. In conclusion, RT reduced adiposity and modulated lipid profile, whereas glutamine and alanine supplementation increased adiposity and impaired lipid profile but increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Yule Coqueiro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Raquel Raizel
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Andrea Bonvini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Menezes Hypólito
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Jessica Ramos Rocha Pereira
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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A diferença de idade é um fator determinante na modulação do estresse oxidativo muscular induzido pelo exercício agudo. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Takegaki J, Ogasawara R, Tamura Y, Takagi R, Arihara Y, Tsutaki A, Nakazato K, Ishii N. Repeated bouts of resistance exercise with short recovery periods activates mTOR signaling, but not protein synthesis, in mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/22/e13515. [PMID: 29180484 PMCID: PMC5704086 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery period between bouts of exercise is one of the major factors influencing the effects of resistance exercise, in addition to exercise intensity and volume. However, the effects of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on subsequent protein synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the consequences of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and related processes in mouse skeletal muscles. Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to three bouts of resistance exercise with 72 (72H), 24 (24H), or 8 h (8H) of recovery periods between bouts. Resistance exercise, consisting of five sets of 3 s × 10 isometric contractions with 3 min rest between sets, was elicited on the right tibialis anterior muscle via percutaneous electrical stimulation on the deep peroneal nerve under isoflurane anesthesia. The left muscle served as an internal control. Six hours after the third bout of exercise, protein synthesis was found to be activated in the 72H and 24H groups, but not in the 8H group. Phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr 389, a marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was increased in all groups, with the 8H group showing the highest magnitude. In contrast, protein carbonylation was observed only in mice in the 8H group. These results suggest that repeated bouts of resistance exercise with 8 h of recovery periods do not effectively increase the levels of muscle protein synthesis despite activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which likely involves oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Takegaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Arihara
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Tsutaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naokata Ishii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Vilela TC, Effting PS, Dos Santos Pedroso G, Farias H, Paganini L, Rebelo Sorato H, Nesi RT, de Andrade VM, de Pinho RA. Aerobic and strength training induce changes in oxidative stress parameters and elicit modifications of various cellular components in skeletal muscle of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:21-27. [PMID: 29471131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is associated with loss of mass, function, and strength-a condition known as sarcopenia. It has been reported that sarcopenia can be attenuated by physical exercise. Therefore, we investigated whether 2 different physical exercise protocols could modulate and induce changes in oxidative and inflammatory parameters, as well as in BDNF and DNA repair enzyme levels in skeletal muscle tissue of aged rats. Aging Wistar rats performed treadmill or strength training for 50 min 3 to 4 times a week for 8 weeks. Strength training decreased 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation (P = 0.0062); however, nitric oxide, protein deglycase DJ-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels increased after aerobic training (P = 0.04, P = 0.027 and P = 0.009, respectively). Both exercise protocols increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity (P = 0.0017 and P = 0.0326) whereas the activity of glutathione (GSH) (P = 0.0001) was decreased. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels were not affected by exercise, but 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) decreased after strength training (P = 0.0007). In conclusion, oxidative parameters showed that skeletal muscle adapt to increased ROS levels, reducing the risk of free radical damage to the tissue after both exercise protocols. These results show that the effects of physical exercise on skeletal muscle are mediated in an exercise type-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Ceresér Vilela
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giulia Dos Santos Pedroso
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hemelin Farias
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lara Paganini
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen Rebelo Sorato
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata Tiescoski Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino de Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Bonvini A, Hypólito T, Godois ADM, Pereira JRR, Garcia ABDO, Lara RDSB, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J. Effects of Glutamine and Alanine Supplementation on Central Fatigue Markers in Rats Submitted to Resistance Training. Nutrients 2018; 10:E119. [PMID: 29370091 PMCID: PMC5852695 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that increased brain serotonin synthesis impairs performance in high-intensity intermittent exercise and specific amino acids may modulate this condition, delaying fatigue. This study investigated the effects of glutamine and alanine supplementation on central fatigue markers in rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Wistar rats were distributed in: sedentary (SED), trained (CON), trained and supplemented with alanine (ALA), glutamine and alanine in their free form (G + A), or as dipeptide (DIP). Trained groups underwent a ladder-climbing exercise for eight weeks, with progressive loads. In the last 21 days, supplementations were offered in water with a 4% concentration. Albeit without statistically significance difference, RT decreased liver glycogen, and enhanced the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), hypothalamic serotonin, and ammonia in muscle and the liver. Amino acids affected fatigue parameters depending on the supplementation form. G + A prevented the muscle ammonia increase by RT, whereas ALA and DIP augmented ammonia and glycogen concentrations in muscle. DIP also increased liver ammonia. ALA and G + A reduced plasma FFA, whereas DIP increased this parameter, free tryptophan/total tryptophan ratio, hypothalamic serotonin, and the serotonin/dopamine ratio. The supplementations did not affect physical performance. In conclusion, glutamine and alanine may improve or impair central fatigue markers depending on their supplementation form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Yule Coqueiro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Raizel
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Bonvini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Hypólito
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Allan da Mata Godois
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa 2367, Cuiabá MT 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Ramos Rocha Pereira
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Beatriz de Oliveira Garcia
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafael de Souza Bittencourt Lara
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Effect of different resistance-training protocols on the extracellular matrix of the calcaneal tendon of rats. Ann Anat 2017; 216:75-81. [PMID: 29229272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The calcaneal tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of collagen, non-collagenous glycoproteins and proteoglycans, and able to adapt to various biomechanical stimuli. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of different resistance-training protocols, such as hypertrophy, strength and resistance, on the organization of the calcaneal tendon after training. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained (UT), resistance training (RT), hypertrophy training (HT), and strength training (ST). The protocol in a vertical climbing platform was performed thrice per week over twelve weeks. For biochemical study, the tendons of each group were minced and analyzed for gelatinases, quantification of non-collagenous proteins, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and hydroxyproline. For morphological analysis, sections were stained with HE and toluidine blue. Non-stained sections were used for birefringence analysis under polarization microscopy. The highest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in HT (154.8±14.2) and RT (173.6±25.2) compared with UT (122.4±27.0). A higher concentration of non-collagenous proteins was detected in the RT group (14.98mg/g) compared with the other groups. In polarization microscopy, major birefringence was observed in HT and the lowest in ST compared with UT, indicating higher organization of collagen bundles in HT. In analysis for zymography, the presence of latent MMP-9 was more prominent in the ST group and the active MMP-9 more prominent in the HT group. For MMP-2, significant differences in the latent isoform between the HT (184,867±6765) and UT (173,018±9696) groups were found. In sections stained with toluidine blue (TB), higher metachromasia was observed in the tendon's distal region in HT and RT groups, indicating a greater amount of proteoglycans. We conclude that the different training protocols produced different responses in the ECM. The remarkable presence of MMP-2 and -9 in the hypertrophy training group may be related to the highest organization of collagen bundles and possibly a more efficient remodeling process, observed in that group, as demonstrated by images and measurements of birefringence.
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Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Hypólito TM, Tirapegui J. Effects of supplementation with L-glutamine and L-alanine in the body composition of rats submitted to resistance exercise. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Cumming KT, Raastad T, Sørstrøm A, Paronetto MP, Mercatelli N, Ugelstad I, Caporossi D, Paulsen G. Vitamin C and E supplementation does not affect heat shock proteins or endogenous antioxidants in trained skeletal muscles during 12 weeks of strength training. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:70. [PMID: 32153849 PMCID: PMC7050865 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Supplementation with large doses of antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, has been shown to blunt some adaptations to endurance training. The effects of antioxidant supplementation on adaptations to strength training is sparsely studied. Herein we investigated the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on acute stress responses to exercise and adaptation to traditional heavy load strength training. Methods In a double blind placebo-controlled design, twenty-eight, young, trained males and females were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin C and E (C: 1000 mg, E: 235 mg, per day) or placebo supplements, and underwent strength training for 10 weeks. After five weeks, a subgroup conducted a strength training session to investigate acute stress responses. Muscle samples were obtained to investigate changes in stress responses and in proteins and mRNA related to the heat shock proteins (HSPs) or antioxidant enzymes. Results The acute responses to the exercise session revealed activation of the NFκB pathway indicated by degradation of IκBα in both groups. Vitamin C and E supplementation had, however, no effects on the acute stress responses. Furthermore, ten weeks of strength training did not change muscle αB-crystallin, HSP27, HSP70, GPx1 or mnSOD levels, with no influence of supplementation. Conclusions Our results showed that although vitamin C and E supplementation has been shown to interfere with training adaptations, it did not affect acute stress responses or long-term training adaptations in the HSPs or antioxidant enzymes in this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40795-017-0185-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Cumming
- 1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Raastad
- 1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Sørstrøm
- 1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - M P Paronetto
- 2Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - N Mercatelli
- 2Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - I Ugelstad
- 1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Caporossi
- 2Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - G Paulsen
- 1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Olympic Sports Center, Oslo, Norway
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LUCIANO TF, MARQUES SO, PIERI BL, DE SOUZA DR, ARAÚJO LV, NESI RT, SCHEFFER DL, COMIN VH, PINHO RA, MULLER AP, DE SOUZA CT. Responses of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Wistar Rats to Different Resistance Exercise Models. Physiol Res 2017; 66:317-323. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of three different resistance exercise models on the quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area, as well as on mTOR phosphorylation and other pivotal molecules involved in the upstream regulation of mTOR. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into untrained (control), endurance resistance training, strength resistance training, and hypertrophy resistance training (HRT) groups (n=6). After 12 weeks of training, the red portion of the quadriceps was removed for histological and Western blot analyses. The results showed that the quadriceps weight and cross-sectional areas in the exercised groups were higher than those of the untrained rats. However, the HRT group presented better results than the other two experimental groups. This same pattern was observed for mTOR phosphorylation and for the most pivotal molecules involved in the upstream control of mTOR (increase of PKB, 14-3-3, ERK, p38 MAPK, and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and reduction of tuberin, sestrin 2, REDD1, and phospho AMPK). In summary, our study showed that HRT leads to high levels of mTOR phosphorylation as well as of other proteins involved in the upstream regulation of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. T. DE SOUZA
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Health Sciences Unit, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Carbone PO, Krause Neto W, Gama EF, Silva WDA, Nobre TL, Caperuto EC, Mascaro MB, Souza RRD. MORPHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENTS OF THE RADIAL NERVE ARE INTENSITY-DEPENDENT. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172301157903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Peripheral nerve adaptation is critical for strength gains. However, information about intensity effects on nerve morphology is scarce. Objective: To compare the effects of different intensities of resistance training on radial nerve structures. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: control (GC), training with 50% (GF1) and training 75% (GF2) of the animal’s body weight. The morphological analysis of the nerve was done by light and transmission electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey’s post hoc test were applied and the significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results: Training groups had an increase of strength compared to GC (p≤0.05). All measured nerve components (mean area and diameter of myelin fibers and axons, mean area and thickness of the myelin sheath, and of neurofilaments and microtubules) were higher in GF2 compared to the other (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Results demonstrated greater morphological changes on radial nerve after heavier loads. This can be important for rehabilitation therapies, training, and progression.
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Strength and Aerobic Exercises Improve Spatial Memory in Aging Rats Through Stimulating Distinct Neuroplasticity Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7928-7937. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cumming KT, Ellefsen S, Rønnestad BR, Ugelstad I, Raastad T. Acute and long-term effects of blood flow restricted training on heat shock proteins and endogenous antioxidant systems. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1190-1201. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Cumming
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Ellefsen
- Lillehammer University College; Lillehammer Norway
- Innlandet Hospital Trust; Brumunddal Norway
| | | | - I. Ugelstad
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - T. Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
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Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of l-glutamine and l-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:470-9. [PMID: 27215379 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of chronic oral supplementation with l-glutamine and l-alanine in their free form or as the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (DIP) on muscle damage, inflammation and cytoprotection, in rats submitted to progressive resistance exercise (RE). Wistar rats (n 8/group) were submitted to 8-week RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder with progressive loads. In the final 21 d before euthanasia, supplements were delivered in a 4 % solution in drinking water. Glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α, specific IL (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were evaluated in plasma. The concentrations of glutamine, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as NF-κB activation, were determined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle. HSP70 level was assayed in EDL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RE reduced glutamine concentration in plasma and EDL (P<0·05 v. sedentary group). However, l-glutamine supplements (l-alanine plus l-glutamine (GLN+ALA) and DIP groups) restored glutamine levels in plasma (by 40 and 58 %, respectively) and muscle (by 93 and 105 %, respectively). GLN+ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-κB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL. Muscle protection was also indicated by attenuation in plasma levels of CK, LDH, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1. Our study demonstrates that chronic oral l-glutamine treatment (given with l-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation.
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Leite JSM, Raizel R, Hypólito TM, Rosa TDS, Cruzat VF, Tirapegui J. l-glutamine and l-alanine supplementation increase glutamine-glutathione axis and muscle HSP-27 in rats trained using a progressive high-intensity resistance exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:842-849. [PMID: 27447686 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the chronic effects of oral l-glutamine and l-alanine supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide form, on glutamine-glutathione (GLN-GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP-27 in rats submitted to resistance exercise (RE). Forty Wistar rats were distributed into 5 groups: sedentary; trained (CTRL); and trained supplemented with l-alanyl-l-glutamine, l-glutamine and l-alanine in their free form (GLN+ALA), or free l-alanine (ALA). All trained animals were submitted to a 6-week ladder-climbing protocol. Supplementations were offered in a 4% drinking water solution for 21 days prior to euthanasia. Plasma glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MYO), and erythrocyte concentration of reduced GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured. In tibialis anterior skeletal muscle, GLN-GSH axis, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP-27), and glutamine synthetase were determined. In CRTL animals, high-intensity RE reduced muscle glutamine levels and increased GSSG/GSH rate and TBARS, as well as augmented plasma CK and MYO levels. Conversely, l-glutamine-supplemented animals showed an increase in plasma and muscle levels of glutamine, with a reduction in GSSG/GSH rate, TBARS, and CK. Free l-alanine administration increased plasma glutamine concentration and lowered muscle TBARS. HSF-1 and HSP-27 were high in all supplemented groups when compared with CTRL (p < 0.05). The results presented herein demonstrate that l-glutamine supplemented with l-alanine, in both a free or dipeptide form, improve the GLN-GSH axis and promote cytoprotective effects in rats submitted to high-intensity RE training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Santos Moreira Leite
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Raizel
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Menezes Hypólito
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- b Graduate Program of Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, CEP 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
- c Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
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