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Zeng Q, Oliva VM, Moro MÁ, Scheiermann C. Circadian Effects on Vascular Immunopathologies. Circ Res 2024; 134:791-809. [PMID: 38484032 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms exert a profound impact on most aspects of mammalian physiology, including the immune and cardiovascular systems. Leukocytes engage in time-of-day-dependent interactions with the vasculature, facilitating the emigration to and the immune surveillance of tissues. This review provides an overview of circadian control of immune-vascular interactions in both the steady state and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and infarction. Circadian rhythms impact both the immune and vascular facets of these interactions, primarily through the regulation of chemoattractant and adhesion molecules on immune and endothelial cells. Misaligned light conditions disrupt this rhythm, generally exacerbating atherosclerosis and infarction. In cardiovascular diseases, distinct circadian clock genes, while functioning as part of an integrated circadian system, can have proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on these immune-vascular interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms and relevance of circadian rhythms in vascular immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - Valeria Maria Oliva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.Á.M.)
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany (C.S.)
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2
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Falker-Gieske C, Bennewitz J, Tetens J. The light response in chickens divergently selected for feather pecking behavior reveals mechanistic insights towards psychiatric disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1649-1654. [PMID: 34954808 PMCID: PMC8825407 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Feather pecking is a serious behavioral disorder in chickens that has a considerable impact on animal welfare and poses an economic burden for poultry farming. To study the underlying genetics of feather pecking animals were divergently selected for feather pecking over 15 generations based on estimated breeding values for the behavior. Methods and results By characterizing the transcriptomes of whole brains isolated from high and low feather pecking chickens in response to light stimulation we discovered a putative dysregulation of micro RNA processing caused by a lack of Dicer1. This results in a prominent downregulation of the GABRB2 gene and other GABA receptor transcripts, which might cause a constant high level of excitation in the brains of high feather pecking chickens. Moreover, our results point towards an increase in immune system-related transcripts that may be caused by higher interferon concentrations due to Dicer1 downregulation. Conclusion Based on our results, we conclude that feather pecking in chickens and schizophrenia in humans have numerous common features. For instance, a Dicer1 dependent disruption of miRNA biogenesis and the lack of GABRB2 expression have been linked to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Furthermore, disturbed circadian rhythms and dysregulation of genes involved in the immune system are common features of both conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-07111-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Falker-Gieske
- Division of Functional Breeding, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Jacob H, Curtis AM, Kearney CJ. Therapeutics on the clock: Circadian medicine in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114254. [PMID: 33010213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a collection of endogenous oscillators with a periodicity of ~ 24 h. Recently, our understanding of circadian rhythms and their regulation at genomic and physiologic scales has grown significantly. Knowledge of the circadian influence on biological processes has provided new possibilities for novel pharmacological strategies. Directly targeting the biological clock or its downstream targets, and/or using timing as a variable in drug therapy are now important pharmacological considerations. The circadian machinery mediates many aspects of the inflammatory response and, reciprocally, an inflammatory environment can disrupt circadian rhythms. Therefore, intense interest exists in leveraging circadian biology as a means to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease, which all display some type of circadian signature. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the crosstalk between circadian rhythms, inflammatory diseases, and their pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that carefully rationalized application of chronotherapy strategies - alone or in combination with small molecule modulators of circadian clock components - can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity, thus warranting further investigation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Jacob
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cathal J Kearney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA.
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4
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Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Holst JJ, Simon MC, Stehle P, Egert S. Acute Effects of Three Different Meal Patterns on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Individuals with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901035. [PMID: 32223057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to investigate acute postprandial responses to intake of meals typical for Mediterranean and Western diets. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, overweight and obese participants with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases consumed three different isoenergetic meals: Western diet-like high-fat (WDHF), Western diet-like high-carbohydrate (WDHC), and Mediterranean diet (MED) meal. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h postprandially and analyzed for parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant status. RESULTS Compared to MED and WDHF meals, intake of a WDHC meal results in prolonged and elevated increases in glucose and insulin. Elevations for triglycerides are enhanced after the WDHF meal compared to the MED and the WDHC meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and interleukin-6 increase postprandially without meal differences. Apart from vitamin C showing an increase after the MED meal and a decrease after WDHF and WDHC meals, antioxidant markers decrease postprandially without meal differences. Plasma interleukin-1β is not affected by meal intake. CONCLUSIONS Energy-rich meals induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, an inflammatory response, and a decrease in antioxidant markers. A meal typical for the Mediterranean diet results in favorable effects on glycemic, insulinemic, and lipemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik B Schönknecht
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Silke Crommen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 50599, Germany
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5
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Lehman HK, Segal BH. The role of neutrophils in host defense and disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1535-1544. [PMID: 32283205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocyte, are critical for host defense. Granulopoiesis is under the control of transcriptional factors and culminates in mature neutrophils with a broad armamentarium of antimicrobial pathways. These pathways include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which generates microbicidal reactive oxidants, and nonoxidant pathways that target microbes through several mechanisms. Activated neutrophils can cause or worsen tissue injury, underscoring the need for calibration of activation and resolution of inflammation when infection has been cleared. Acquired neutrophil disorders are typically caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents. Primary neutrophil disorders typically result from disabling mutations of individual genes that result in impaired neutrophil number or function, and provide insight into basic mechanisms of neutrophil biology. Neutrophils can also be activated by noninfectious causes, including trauma and cellular injury, and can have off-target effects in which pathways that typically defend against infection exacerbate injury and disease. These off-target effects include acute organ injury, autoimmunity, and variable effects on the tumor microenvironment that can limit or worsen tumor progression. A greater understanding of neutrophil plasticity in these conditions is likely to pave the way to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Lehman
- Division of Allergy/Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
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6
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Ai Z, Udalova IA. Transcriptional regulation of neutrophil differentiation and function during inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:419-430. [PMID: 31951039 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1219-504rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in innate immunity where they elicit powerful effector functions to eliminate invading pathogens and modulate the adaptive as well as the innate immune response. Neutrophil function must be tightly regulated during inflammation and infection to avoid additional tissue damage. Increasing evidence suggests that transcription factors (TFs) function as key regulators to modulate transcriptional output, thereby controlling cell fate decision and the inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil differentiation and function during inflammation remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of TFs known to be crucial for neutrophil maturation and in the signaling pathways that control neutrophil differentiation and activation. We also outline how emerging genomic and single-cell technologies may facilitate further discovery of neutrophil transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ai
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Baxter M, Ray DW. Circadian rhythms in innate immunity and stress responses. Immunology 2020; 161:261-267. [PMID: 31820826 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are a common feature of life on our planet, allowing physiology and behaviour to be adapted to recurrent environmental fluctuation. There is now compelling evidence that disturbance of circadian coherence can severely undermine mental and physical health, as well as exacerbate pre-existing pathology. Common molecular design principles underpin the generation of cellular circadian rhythms across the kingdoms, and in animals, the genetic components are extremely well conserved. In mammals, the circadian timing mechanism is present in most cell types and establishes local cycles of gene expression and metabolic activity. These distributed tissue clocks are normally synchronized by a central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), located in the hypothalamus. Nevertheless, most clocks of the body remain responsive to non-SCN-derived hormonal and metabolic cues (for example, re-alignment of liver clocks to altered meal patterning). It has been demonstrated that the clock is an influential regulator of energy metabolism, allowing key pathways to be tuned across the 24-hr cycle as metabolic requirements fluctuate. Furthermore, clock components, including Cryptochrome and Rev-Erb proteins, have been identified as essential modulators of the innate immune system and inflammatory responses. Studies have also revealed that these proteins regulate glucocorticoid receptor function, a major drug target and crucial regulator of inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Baxter
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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8
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Diekmann C, Huber H, Preuß M, Preuß P, Predel HG, Stoffel-Wagner B, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Egert S. Moderate Postmeal Walking Has No Beneficial Effects Over Resting on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Selected Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Older Adults with a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Phenotype: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2019; 149:1930-1941. [PMID: 31318033 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that postprandial events, as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are influenced by meal composition and exercise. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of walking versus rest on postprandial metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative events following the consumption of test meals reflecting 2 different dietary patterns in older adults with an increased CVD risk. METHODS A randomized crossover trial was conducted in 26 men and women (aged 70 ± 5 y; BMI 30.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Each adult participated in 4 treatments combining 1 of 2 iso-energetic (4300 kJ) meals [Western diet high-fat meal (WD): total fat, 59.4 g; saturated fatty acids, 32.0 g, dietary fiber, 4.2 g; or Mediterranean-type diet meal (MD): total fat, 40.1 g; saturated fatty acids, 5.1 g; dietary fiber, 14.5 g] with 30 min walking (4.6 ± 0.1 km/h) or rest. Primary (serum triglycerides) and secondary [serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs); parameters of glucose metabolism, inflammation, endothelial activation, oxidation; blood pressure/heart rate] outcomes were measured at fasting and 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Triglycerides were higher after the WD than after the MD [AUC in mmol/L × min: Western diet high-fat meal plus postprandial walking (WD-W), 218 ± 15.2; Western diet high-fat meal plus postprandial resting (WD-R), 207 ± 12.6; Mediterranean-type diet meal plus postprandial walking (MD-W), 139 ± 9.83; Mediterranean-type diet meal plus postprandial resting (MD-R), 149 ± 8.15; P < 0.001]. No meal or activity effect was observed for NEFAs based on AUC data (WD-W, -43.5 ± 7.08; WD-R, -49.2 ± 6.94; MD-W, -48.0 ± 11.6; MD-R, -67.6 ± 7.58). Plasma glucose was higher after the MD than after the WD (WD-W, 222 ± 34.9; WD-R, 177 ± 32.8; MD-W, 314 ± 44.4; MD-R, 275 ± 57.8; P < 0.001), as was serum insulin (AUC in nmol/L × min: WD-W, 82.0 ± 10.3; WD-R, 88.6 ± 12.8; MD-W, 129 ± 14.7; MD-R, 138 ± 20.5; P < 0.001). Plasma IL-6 was higher after walking than after resting (AUC in pg/mL × min: WD-W, 72.0 ± 34.0; WD-R, 14.3 ± 38.8; MD-W, 70.8 ± 39.4; MD-R, 5.60 ± 26.0; P < 0.05). Plasma vitamin C was higher after the MD than after the WD (P < 0.001) and after walking than after resting (P < 0.05; AUC in mg/L × min: WD-W, -305 ± 59.6; WD-R, -396 ± 84.0; MD-W, 113 ± 56.4; MD-R, -44.5 ± 48.1). We observed no meal or activity effects on parameters of oxidation and endothelial adhesion molecules. Our data revealed no significant meal × activity effects on all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In older adults with an increased CVD risk, the MD was associated with superior effects on several postprandial parameters (e.g., triglycerides), in comparison to the WD. Data revealed no relevant differences regarding the effects of postmeal walking and resting. None of the 4 treatments can be rated as superior regarding their acute effects on the shown postprandial metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; http://www.germanctr.de and http://www.drks.de) under identifier DRKS00012409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Diekmann
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanna Huber
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Preuß
- Human Resources Development and Career, Healthy Campus Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Preuß
- University Sports, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Informatics and Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Pick R, He W, Chen CS, Scheiermann C. Time-of-Day-Dependent Trafficking and Function of Leukocyte Subsets. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:524-537. [PMID: 31109762 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The number of leukocytes circulating in blood in mammals is under circadian control (i.e., ∼24h). We summarize here latest findings on the mechanisms governing leukocyte migration from the blood into various organs, focusing on the distinct leukocyte subtype- and tissue-specific molecules involved. We highlight the oscillatory expression patterns of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and their receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells and leukocytes, and which are crucial regulators of rhythmic leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the relevance of clock genes for leukocyte function and migration. Finally, we compare immune cell rhythms under steady-state conditions as well as during inflammation and disease, and we postulate how these findings provide potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pick
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wenyan He
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chien-Sin Chen
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Ella K, Mócsai A, Káldi K. Circadian regulation of neutrophils: Control by a cell-autonomous clock or systemic factors? Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12965. [PMID: 29877596 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian time-measuring system enables the organism to anticipate and effectively respond to regular daily changes in the environment and is therefore a crucial factor of adaptation. A large body of epidemiological data underlines the circadian characteristics of human immune functions. Circadian control of neutrophil responsiveness contributes to daily changes in the pathology of both acute and chronic inflammation and may therefore time-dependently influence the outcome of therapeutic approaches. AIM This review summarizes recent data on the role of the circadian clock in the control of immune responses, particularly of those linked to neutrophil activity, and possible mechanisms of the regulation. DISCUSSION In the first section of this review we present the recent model of the mammalian molecular clock by introducing the main transcription-translation feedback loops and discussing the pace-setting role of post-translational modifications. The next sections summarize clinical, epidemiological and experimental data regarding the daily control of immune responses and studies analysing expression of clock components in various leukocytes and particularly, in human peripheral neutrophils. As the latter data indicate that expression of components of the cell-autonomous clock is relatively low in neutrophils, in the last section we review recent findings suggesting a role for systemic and local factors in the regulation of rhythmic neutrophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Ella
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Káldi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Segal JP, Tresidder KA, Bhatt C, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. Circadian control of pain and neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:1002-1020. [PMID: 28865126 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of a neuroinflammatory response to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain have been highlighted in recent years. Inflammatory cells contributing to this response include circulating immune cells such as monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as microglia in the central nervous system. Pain signals are transmitted via sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, which express various receptors and channels that respond to mediators secreted from these inflammatory cells. Chronobiological rhythms, which include the 24-hr circadian cycle, have recently been shown to regulate both nervous and immune cell activity and function. This review examines the current literature on chronobiological control of neuroinflammatory processes, with a focus on inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. While the majority of this work has stemmed from observational studies in humans, recent advances in using animal models have highlighted distinct mechanisms underlying these interactions. Better understanding interactions between the circadian and neuroimmune systems can help guide the development of new treatments and provide improved care for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn A Tresidder
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charvi Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Kurupati RK, Kossenkoff A, Kannan S, Haut LH, Doyle S, Yin X, Schmader KE, Liu Q, Showe L, Ertl HCJ. The effect of timing of influenza vaccination and sample collection on antibody titers and responses in the aged. Vaccine 2017; 35:3700-3708. [PMID: 28583307 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody responses, B cell subset distribution in blood and the blood transcriptome were analyzed in younger and aged human subjects before and after vaccination with the inactivated influenza vaccine. In the aged, but not the younger, individuals we saw a clear difference in antibody titers including those at baseline depending on the time of vaccination and sample collection. Differences in baseline titers in aged individuals treated in the morning or afternoon in turn affected responsiveness to the vaccine. In both younger and aged individuals, the time of sample collection also affected relative numbers of some of the B cell subsets in blood. A global gene expression analysis with whole blood samples from the aged showed small but statistically significant differences depending on the time of sample collection. Our data do not indicate that timing of vaccination affects immune responsiveness of the aged, but rather shows that in clinical influenza vaccine trials timing of collection of samples can have a major and potentially misleading influence on study outcome. In future vaccine trials, timing of vaccination and sample collection should be recorded carefully to allow for its use as a study covariant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Senthil Kannan
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Biomedical Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Susan Doyle
- GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Development and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kenneth E Schmader
- GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Development and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ella K, Csépányi-Kömi R, Káldi K. Circadian regulation of human peripheral neutrophils. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:209-221. [PMID: 27132055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood. Beside being essential responders in bacterial and fungal infections, they also contribute to tissue reactions in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Although several immune responses linked to neutrophil functions have been described to be rhythmic, the mechanism of the circadian regulation of these cells is still not understood. Characterization of the time-of-day-specific control of neutrophil responsiveness could help to better understand the pathomechanism of these inflammatory responses and design effective chronotherapy. Here we report that the time-dependent expression of core clock components in human neutrophils characteristically differs from that in mononuclear cells. Both the low expression and the reduced nuclear accumulation of the essential clock protein BMAL1 suggest that the molecular oscillator is down-regulated in neutrophils. By following the expression of the maturation marker Cxcr4 and morphological attributes (side-scattering properties and nuclear segmentation), we found that the distribution of young and aged cells within the peripheral neutrophil pool displays a daily rhythm. In addition, we detected synchronous fluctuations in the plasma level of the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12, an important regulator of cell trafficking within the bone marrow. We found that expression of another maturation marker, the core component of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase, and parallelly, the superoxide producing capacity of neutrophils were also dependent on the time of the day. In line with this, number of opsonized bacteria engulfed by neutrophils also showed time-dependent differences, supporting that clearance of pathogens shows a daily rhythm. We suggest that maturation-dependent changes in neutrophil responsiveness rather than the cellular autonomous clock are involved in the daily regulation of human neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Ella
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Roland Csépányi-Kömi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Káldi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.
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Christersson C, Lindahl B, Siegbahn A. The composition and daily variation of microparticles in whole blood in stable coronary artery disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2015; 76:25-32. [PMID: 26405844 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1086928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knowledge of circadian variation of microparticles (MPs) in stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the daily variation of platelet-, endothelial- and monocyte-derived MPs in whole blood and their tissue factor expression (TF) in SCAD and whether these MPs were related to other endothelial and coagulation markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial blood samples from patients with SCAD were collected during one day. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the amount of large MPs 0.5-1.0 μm, positive for annexin, and their expression of CD41, CD62P, CD144, CD14 and TF. The lag time and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was calculated by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram and soluble (s)P-selectin, sTF and vWF by ELISA. RESULTS The majority of MPs in whole blood consisted of CD41 + MPs with no significant daily variation. In contrast, the concentration of CD62P + MPs described a daily variation with the lowest concentrations found in the evening (p = 0.031). CD62P + and CD144 + MPs had the highest expression of TF, 52.6% and 42.9%, respectively, and correlated to the endothelial activity evaluated by vWF. There was a circadian rhythm of lag time (p < 0.001) and ETP (p = 0.001). The CD62P+, CD14 + and CD144 + MPs correlated to the lag time. CONCLUSION The different subsets of platelet-, endothelial- and monocyte-derived MPs do not present the same circadian variation and they differ in TF expression in SCAD. The MPs from activated platelets, endothelial cells and monocytes exist in low concentrations in whole blood but are related to the endothelial and coagulation activity found in SCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- a Department of Medical Sciences , Cardiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,b Department of Medical Sciences , Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- c Department of Medical Sciences , Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Wipfler P, Heikkinen A, Harrer A, Pilz G, Kunz A, Golaszewski SM, Reuss R, Oschmann P, Kraus J. Circadian rhythmicity of inflammatory serum parameters: a neglected issue in the search of biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2012; 260:221-7. [PMID: 22875099 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory serum parameters are intensely investigated in the search of biomarkers for disease activity and treatment response in multiple sclerosis (MS). A reason for contradictory results might be the timing of blood collection for analyzing serum concentrations of inflammatory parameters which are subject to diurnal changes. We included 34 untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. 12 MS patients showed acute disease activity in corresponding MRI scans. Blood samples were obtained at 7.00, 11.00 am, 2.30, 6.00 and 9.30 pm within 1 day. We determined serum levels of cortisol and inflammatory markers including soluble tumor necrosis factor-beta (sTNF-β), soluble TNF-Receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) and -2 (sTNF-2), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) by ELISA. We observed significantly higher serum levels of sTNF-R1 (p < 0.001) and sTNF-R2 (p < 0.001) in the morning and a significant decline of sICAM-1 (p < 0.005) and sVCAM-1 (p < 0.001) in the afternoon in both, MS patients and healthy controls. Comparison of diurnal serum levels between MS patients with active versus with non-active disease revealed significantly higher serum levels of sVCAM-1 (p < 0.05) around noon and in the early afternoon in MS patients with active disease. A significant decline of sICAM-1 (p < 0.05) in the afternoon was seen in MS patients with active and non-active disease. Our data indicate that increased awareness of potential diurnal serum concentration changes of biomarkers can eliminate one major cause of biased data as they occur in most of the investigated immunological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wipfler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University and Salzburger Landeskliniken, Ignaz-Harrer-Strasse 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Kerkhofs M, Boudjeltia KZ. From total sleep deprivation to cardiovascular disease: a key role for the immune system? Sleep 2012; 35:895-6. [PMID: 22754031 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Kerkhofs
- Sleep Laboratory CHU de Charleroi, Vésale Hospital, Rue de Gozée 706, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium.
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Boudjeltia KZ, Durez P, Oberweis D, Guillaume M, Remacle C, Cauchie P, Vanhaeverbeek M, Brohée D, Ducobu J, Gregoir C. Effects of raloxifene treatment on the phenotype of blood monocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:601-5. [DOI: 10.1139/y10-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene (RLX), a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, has oestrogen-agonist effects on bone, lipoproteins, and homocysteine and oestrogen-antagonist activity in the breast and uterus, positioning it as a potential drug for long-term prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. To further evaluate its influence on cardiovascular risk factors, we studied the effects of 60 mg/day RLX on serum lipid levels, inflammatory (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and coagulation (fibrinogen) markers, monocytes, and fibrinolysis in 15 healthy postmenopausal women. Markers were measured at baseline, after 1 month without treatment, and after 3 months of treatment. Fibrinolysis was evaluated using the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) determined with a new semiautomatic optical method. Monocyte phenotype was determined by measurement of the expression of the antigens CD14, HLA-DR, and CD62-L using flow cytometry. After 3 months of RLX treatment, we observed a decrease in total cholesterol (p = 0.002), in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p <0.001), and in lipoprotein A (p = 0.01). Fibrinogen (p = 0.002) decreased significantly, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein had a tendency to decrease, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). RLX treatment had no effect on ECLT (p = 0.223) or on white blood cell, lymphocyte, and total monocyte counts (p = 0.313). Monocyte expression of HLA-DR, CD14, and CD62-L was not modified by the treatment. In conclusion, we confirm that RLX has beneficial short-term effects on levels of lipids and inflammatory markers, with no effect on fibrinolysis or monocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Patrick Durez
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Didier Oberweis
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Michel Guillaume
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Claude Remacle
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Philippe Cauchie
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Dany Brohée
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Jean Ducobu
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Catherine Gregoir
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, ULB 222 Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, Hôpital André Vésale, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology , Institut Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Gynecology, Intercommunale de santé publique du pays de Charleroi, CHU de Charleroi, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
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Reilly DF, Westgate EJ, FitzGerald GA. Peripheral Circadian Clocks in the Vasculature. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1694-705. [PMID: 17541024 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.144923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms have adapted to the daily rotation of the earth and regular changes in the light environment. Life forms anticipate environmental transitions, adapt their own physiology, and perform activities at behaviorally advantageous times during the day. This is achieved by means of endogenous circadian clocks that can be synchronized to the daily changes in external cues, most notably light and temperature. For many years it was thought that neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) uniquely controlled circadian rhythmicity of peripheral tissues via neural and humoral signals. The cloning and characterization of mammalian clock genes revealed that they are expressed in a circadian manner throughout the body. It is now accepted that peripheral cells, including those of the cardiovascular system, contain a circadian clock similar to that in the SCN. Many aspects of cardiovascular physiology are subject to diurnal variation, and serious adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke occur with a frequency conditioned by time of day. This has raised the possibility that biological responses under the control of the molecular clock might interact with environmental cues to influence the phenotype of human cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot F Reilly
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 153 Johnson Pavilion, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jonsson EW, Palmberg L. Differential Pattern of Human Blood Neutrophil Activation After Stimulation With Organic Dust in Vitro and in Vivo. J Occup Environ Med 2007; 49:131-8. [PMID: 17293754 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31802f3c4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study activation of blood neutrophils in subjects after in vitro and in vivo stimulation. METHODS Blood from healthy volunteers was collected before and after their exposure to organic dust in a pig farm. Surface markers of neutrophil activation were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vivo, there was a diurnal variation in basal levels of CD11b. Swine dust exposure increased the number of blood neutrophils and the levels of myeloperoxidase without effects on CD11b or Cys-X-Cys receptor 1 (CXCR-1) expression. However, a positive correlation between changes of myeloperoxidase and CD11b expression was observed. In vitro, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leukotriene (LT)B4, LTD4, and swine dust stimulated the expression of CD11b. fMLP, LPS, and LTB4 diminished the expression of CXCR-1. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to swine dust in vitro activated neutrophils and inhalation of swine dust caused neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wikström Jonsson
- Department of Medicine KS/KI, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, and Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ohkura N, Oishi K, Sekine Y, Atsumi GI, Ishida N, Matsuda J, Horie S. Comparative Study of Circadian Variation in Numbers of Peripheral Blood Cells among Mouse Strains: Unique Feature of C3H/HeN Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1177-80. [PMID: 17541178 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined strain differences in numbers of blood cells and their circadian rhythms in male Jcl:ICR, BALB/cA, C57BL/6J and C3H/HeN mice. The total numbers of circulating white blood cells (WBCs) were increased during subjective day and night, and the peaks in the active period were common to all strains. However, the number of WBCs in C3H/HeN mice remained lower and plasma levels of corticosterone (CS) were slightly higher throughout the day compared with the other strains. The numbers of circulating red blood cells (RBC) also differed according to strain. The numbers of RBCs, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) were considerably lower in C3H/HeN mice compared with the other strains, although mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were highest among the tested strains. We found that serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels were considerably higher in C3H/HeN mice than in the other three strains. The high EPO level might be related to the unique features of RBCs in C3H/HeN mice. The present observations provide basic information about the numbers of peripheral blood cells and their circadian rhythm in mouse models and also demonstrate a unique feature of C3H/HeN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohkura
- Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tsukui, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Oishi K, Ohkura N, Kadota K, Kasamatsu M, Shibusawa K, Matsuda J, Machida K, Horie S, Ishida N. Clock mutation affects circadian regulation of circulating blood cells. J Circadian Rhythms 2006; 4:13. [PMID: 17014730 PMCID: PMC1592512 DOI: 10.1186/1740-3391-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the number of circulating immune cells is subject to high-amplitude circadian rhythms, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods To determine whether intact CLOCK protein is required for the circadian changes in peripheral blood cells, we examined circulating white (WBC) and red (RBC) blood cells in homozygous Clock mutant mice. Results Daytime increases in total WBC and lymphocytes were suppressed and slightly phase-delayed along with plasma corticosterone levels in Clock mutant mice. The peak RBC rhythm was significantly reduced and phase-advanced in the Clock mutants. Anatomical examination revealed hemoglobin-rich, swollen red spleens in Clock mutant mice, suggesting RBC accumulation. Conclusion Our results suggest that endogenous clock-regulated circadian corticosterone secretion from the adrenal gland is involved in the effect of a Clock mutation on daily profiles of circulating WBC. However, intact CLOCK seems unnecessary for generating the rhythm of corticosterone secretion in mice. Our results also suggest that CLOCK is involved in discharge of RBC from the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Clock Cell Biology Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8566, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 1091-1 Suarashi, Sagamiko, Tsukui, Kanagawa 199–0195, Japan
| | - Koji Kadota
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Manami Kasamatsu
- Clock Cell Biology Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8566, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shibusawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–1192, Japan
| | - Juzo Matsuda
- Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 1091-1 Suarashi, Sagamiko, Tsukui, Kanagawa 199–0195, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Machida
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–1192, Japan
| | - Shuichi Horie
- Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 1091-1 Suarashi, Sagamiko, Tsukui, Kanagawa 199–0195, Japan
| | - Norio Ishida
- Clock Cell Biology Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8566, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8502, Japan
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van Oostrom AJHHM, Rabelink TJ, Verseyden C, Sijmonsma TP, Plokker HWM, De Jaegere PPT, Cabezas MC. Activation of leukocytes by postprandial lipemia in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 2004; 177:175-82. [PMID: 15488881 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of leukocytes is obligatory for inflammation and atherogenesis by adhering to the endothelium via specific ligands. Although in vitro studies have shown that triglycerides (TG) can activate leukocytes, it is unknown whether this occurs in vivo. Using flowcytometry, we studied the expression of leukocyte activation markers CD11A, CD11B, CD62L (all involved in endothelium adhesion) and CD66B (a neutrophil degranulation marker) during a 6 h fat challenge (50 g/m2) and a water test in 10 healthy males (52 +/- 3 years). After fat, neutrophil counts were increased between t=1 and t =6 h, with a maximum at t=3 h (+32% versus t=0, P <0.05), while they remained unchanged after water. Both tests showed gradual lymphocyte count increments. The expression of activation markers on lymphocytes was low and showed comparable responses after both tests. After fat, a significant increase up to a maximum at t=6 h was seen for CD11B on monocytes and on neutrophils for CD11B, CD62L and CD66B. Postprandial activation of monocytes and neutrophils was higher after fat than after water. The maximal postprandial TG increment was significantly related to the increase of CD11B on monocytes (Pearson's R=0.64, P <0.05). In conclusion, postprandially there is a TG-specific increase of neutrophil counts and increased activation of monocytes and neutrophils. These results are suggestive of a pro-inflammatory situation that may correspond with increased adhesive capacity of these cells contributing to the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J H H M van Oostrom
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Redwine L, Dang J, Irwin M. Cellular adhesion molecule expression, nocturnal sleep, and partial night sleep deprivation. Brain Behav Immun 2004; 18:333-40. [PMID: 15157950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Revised: 12/27/2003] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is hypothesized to have a role in the regulation of the immune system. This study evaluated the nocturnal expression of cellular adhesion molecules, Mac-1 and L-selectin on monocytes and lymphocytes during a full nights sleep and following a partial night of sleep deprivation (PSD). Healthy male subjects (n=16) had an increase in the percentage of Mac-1 positive lymphocytes across the baseline night. Whereas, the percentage of Mac-1 positive lymphocytes was reduced and L-selectin positive lymphocytes and monocytes were greater during the PSD night as compared to the baseline night. These data indicate that acute sleep disruption is associated with alterations in cellular adhesion molecule expression, with implications for the regulation of immune cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Redwine
- Department of Medicine and Veterans Medical Research Foundation, University of California, San Diego, USA.
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