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Puchalski A, McCarthy Z, Palaoro AV, Salamatin AA, Nagy-Mehesz A, Korneva G, Beard CE, Owens J, Adler PH, Kornev KG. Flexural rigidity of hawkmoth antennae depends on the bending direction. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:273-285. [PMID: 38944324 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
To probe its environment, the flying insect controllably flexes, twists, and maneuvers its antennae by coupling mechanical deformations with the sensory output. We question how the materials properties of insect antennae could influence their performance. A comparative study was conducted on four hawkmoth species: Manduca sexta, Ceratomia catalpae, Manduca quinquemaculata, and Xylophanes tersa. The morphology of the antennae of three hawkmoths that hover while feeding and one putatively non-nectar-feeding hawkmoth (Ceratomia catalpa) do not fundamentally differ, and all the antennae are comb-like (i.e., pectinate), markedly in males but weakly in females. Applying different weights to the free end of extracted cantilevered antennae, we discovered anisotropy in flexural rigidity when the antenna is forced to bend dorsally versus ventrally. The flexural rigidity of male antennae was less than that of females. Compared with the hawkmoths that hover while feeding, Ceratomia catalpae has almost two orders of magnitude lower flexural rigidity. Tensile tests showed that the stiffness of male and female antennae is almost the same. Therefore, the differences in flexural rigidity are explained by the distinct shapes of the antennal pectination. Like bristles in a comb, the pectinations provide extra rigidity to the antenna. We discuss the biological implications of these discoveries in relation to the flight habits of hawkmoths. Flexural anisotropy of antennae is expected in other groups of insects, but the targeted outcome may differ. Our work offers promising new applications of shaped fibers as mechanical sensors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Insect antennae are blood-filled, segmented fibers with muscles in the two basal segments. The long terminal segment is muscle-free but can be flexed. Our comparative analysis of mechanical properties of hawkmoth antennae revealed a new feature: antenna resistance to bending depends on the bending direction. Our discovery replaces the conventional textbook scenario considering hawkmoth antennae as rigid rods. We showed that the pectinate antennae of hawkmoths behave as a comb in which the bristles resist bending when they come together. This anisotropy of flexural resistance offers a new mode of environmental sensing that has never been explored. The principles we found apply to other insects with non-axisymmetric antennae. Our work offers new applications for shaped fibers that could be designed to sense the flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Puchalski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Zoë McCarthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Arthur A Salamatin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Agnes Nagy-Mehesz
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Guzeliya Korneva
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Charles E Beard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeffery Owens
- Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, USA
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Konstantin G Kornev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Dahake A, Jain P, Vogt CC, Kandalaft W, Stroock AD, Raguso RA. A signal-like role for floral humidity in a nocturnal pollination system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7773. [PMID: 36522313 PMCID: PMC9755274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have considered floral humidity to be an inadvertent consequence of nectar evaporation, which could be exploited as a cue by nectar-seeking pollinators. By contrast, our interdisciplinary study of a night-blooming flower, Datura wrightii, and its hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca sexta, reveals that floral relative humidity acts as a mutually beneficial signal in this system. The distinction between cue- and signal-based functions is illustrated by three experimental findings. First, floral humidity gradients in Datura are nearly ten-fold greater than those reported for other species, and result from active (stomatal conductance) rather than passive (nectar evaporation) processes. These humidity gradients are sustained in the face of wind and are reconstituted within seconds of moth visitation, implying substantial physiological costs to these desert plants. Second, the water balance costs in Datura are compensated through increased visitation by Manduca moths, with concomitant increases in pollen export. We show that moths are innately attracted to humid flowers, even when floral humidity and nectar rewards are experimentally decoupled. Moreover, moths can track minute changes in humidity via antennal hygrosensory sensilla but fail to do so when these sensilla are experimentally occluded. Third, their preference for humid flowers benefits hawkmoths by reducing the energetic costs of flower handling during nectar foraging. Taken together, these findings suggest that floral humidity may function as a signal mediating the final stages of floral choice by hawkmoths, complementing the attractive functions of visual and olfactory signals beyond the floral threshold in this nocturnal plant-pollinator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Dahake
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Piyush Jain
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XSibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Caleb C. Vogt
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - William Kandalaft
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Abraham D. Stroock
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XSmith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Tom MT, Cortés Llorca L, Bucks S, Bisch-Knaden S, Hansson BS. Sex- and tissue-specific expression of chemosensory receptor genes in a hawkmoth. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.976521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the nocturnal hawkmoth Manduca sexta, olfactory and gustatory cues are essential for finding partners, food, and oviposition sites. Three chemosensory receptor families, odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs) are involved in the detection of these stimuli. While many chemosensory receptor genes have been identified, knowledge of their expression profile in potentially chemoreceptive organs is incomplete. Here, we studied the expression patterns of chemosensory receptors in different tissues including the antennae, labial palps, proboscis, legs, wings and ovipositor. We compared the receptors’ expression in female and male moths both before and after mating by using the NanoString platform. This tool allowed us to measure expression levels of chemosensory receptor genes in a single reaction using probes designed against 71 OR, 29 IR and 49 GR transcripts. In all tissues investigated, we detected expression of genes from all three receptor families. The highest number of receptors was detected in the antennae (92), followed by the ovipositor (59), while the least number was detected in the hindlegs (21). The highest number of OR genes were expressed in the antennae (63), of which 24 were specific to this main olfactory organ. The highest number of IRs were also expressed in the antennae (16), followed by the ovipositor (15). Likewise, antennae and ovipositor expressed the highest number of GRs (13 and 14). Expression of the OR co-receptor MsexORCo, presumably a prerequisite for OR function, was found in the antennae, labial palps, forelegs and ovipositor. IR co-receptors MsexIR25a and MsexIR76b were expressed across all tested tissues, while expression of the IR co-receptor MsexIR8a was restricted to antennae and ovipositor. Comparing the levels of all 149 transcripts across the nine tested tissues allowed us to identify sex-biased gene expression in the antennae and the legs, two appendages that are also morphologically different between the sexes. However, none of the chemosensory receptors was differentially expressed based on the moths’ mating state. The observed gene expression patterns form a strong base for the functional characterization of chemosensory receptors and the understanding of olfaction and gustation at the molecular level in M. sexta.
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Dong WY, Wang B, Wang GR. Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Antennal Sensilla and the Detection of Floral Scent Volatiles in Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae). Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:791900. [PMID: 34975421 PMCID: PMC8716465 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.791900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory sensing system of the syrphid fly Eupeodes corollae is essential in pollination and prey localization, but little is known about the ultrastructural organization of their olfactory organs. In this study, the morphology, distribution, and ultrastructural organization of antennal sensilla of E. corollae in both sexes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neuronal responses of a subtype of sensilla basiconica to floral scent compounds were recorded by single sensillum recording (SSR). Ten morphological types, including Böhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, microtrichiae, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla clavate, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla placodea, and sensory pit, were identified. Except for Böhm bristles and sensilla chaetica, which were distributed on the scape and pedicel of E. corollae antennae, innervated sensilla were densely distributed on the flagellum, a vital sensory organ. Further, observing ultrastructural organization showed that the sensilla trichodea, basiconica, and clavate are single-walled with multiple nanoscale pores perforating the cuticle. Sensilla coeloconica are double-walled and have no wall pores, but instead, have longitudinal grooves along with the pegs. Sensilla chaetica, Böhm bristles, and microtrichiae did not have wall pores on the cuticle or sensory cells at the base. The SSR results indicated that neuron B housed in the subtype of sensilla basiconica I (SBI) mainly responded to methyl eugenol and other aromatic compounds. Overall, our results provide valuable information to understand the morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla from E. corollae. These findings are beneficial for the studies of the neuronal function map of olfactory sensilla and for determining evolutionary relationships in Diptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Abalavadi Thammaiah R, Pathour S, Meshram N, Kammar V, Majumder S, Srivastava C, Pandey K, Singh J. Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1371-1391. [PMID: 34843138 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious polyphagous pest of various field and horticultural crops. A complete knowledge on the morphological features of antennal sensory structures is essential for efficient semiochemical-based control methods. The external structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in male and female adults of H. armigera were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Eight distinct morphological types of sensilla were identified in both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla (aporous) in varying numbers and distribution along the length of the antennae. Of these sensilla, the most widespread are sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica on the antennae of both sexes. Female antennae have comparatively greater number of sensilla trichodea than male antennae. Among eight types of sensilla, sensilla basiconica, auricillica, styloconica type II, squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla were identified and reported for the first time in H. armigera. Sexual dimorphism in H. armigera was mainly detected as the variations in sensilla shape, numbers, and distribution of each type of sensilla. The sexual difference was observed in the numbers of sensilla coeloconica, chaetica, styloconica, and squamiformia per flagellomere. The possible functions of these sensilla were discussed in view of previously reported lepidopteran insects. The findings provide fundamental information on the morphology and distribution of antennal sensory structures in H. armigera. It would be useful for further detailed studies on physiological and behavioral function of each sensillum type and helpful for formulating related pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashank Pathour
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Meshram
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasudev Kammar
- Department of Entomology, GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujan Majumder
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chitra Srivastava
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Koshlendra Pandey
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu Z, Hu T, Guo HW, Liang XF, Cheng YQ. Ultrastructure of the Olfactory Sensilla across the Antennae and Maxillary Palps of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040289. [PMID: 33810421 PMCID: PMC8066215 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The environmentally friendly methods have been employed to control the serious pest, Bactrocera dorsalis, based on chemical communications. However, their olfaction mechanism has not been unveiled. In this study, the ultrastructure of the sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that three types of olfactory sensilla (trichodea, basiconica and coeloconica) and two types of non-olfactory sensilla (chaetica and microtrichia) located on the antennae. These findings will benefit the olfactory research and the integrated management of this pest. Abstract The sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps are the most important olfactory organs, via which the insect can perceive the semiochemicals to adjust their host seeking and oviposition behaviors. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major agricultural quarantine pest infesting more than 250 different fruits and vegetables. However, the sensilla involved in olfaction have not been well documented even though a variety of control practices based on chemical communication have already been developed. In this study, the ultrastructure of the sensilla, especially the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps of both males and females, were investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of olfactory sensillum types including trichodea, basiconica, and coeloconica, and two non-olfactory sensilla including both chaetica and microtrichia, were observed. Each of these three types of olfactory sensilla on the antennae of B. dorsalis were further classified into two subtypes according to the morphology and number of receptor cells. For the first time, the pores on the sensilla trichodea and basiconica cuticular wall were observed in this species, suggesting they are involved in semiochemical perception. This study provides new information on B. dorsalis olfaction, which can be connected to other molecular, genetic, and behavioral research to construct an integral olfactory system model for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.H.); (H.-W.G.); (X.-F.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-6825-1246
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.H.); (H.-W.G.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Huai-Wang Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.H.); (H.-W.G.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Xiao-Fei Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.H.); (H.-W.G.); (X.-F.L.)
- National Citurs Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue-Qing Cheng
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400723, China;
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Faucheux MJ, Németh T, Hoffmannova J, Kundrata R. Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Antennal Micromorphology of Lamprodila ( Palmar) festiva (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an Invasive Pest of Ornamental Cupressaceae in Western Palaearctic. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110375. [PMID: 33158061 PMCID: PMC7694220 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The jewel-beetles, Buprestidae, comprise some economically important invasive pest species. The Cypress jewel beetle, Lamprodila (Palmar) festivafestiva (Linnaeus, 1767), is a new invasive pest of ornamental Cupressaceae, which has recently expanded its range from the Mediterranean region northwards to central and eastern Europe, and to the Russian Black Sea coast. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphology, numbers, distribution and possible functions of antennal sensilla in both sexes of L. festiva. In total, we identified 15 different (sub)types of sensilla, of which two are present only in females. We discuss possible functions of all examined sensilla and compare them with those in other Buprestidae or other insects. Our study should serve as background information for subsequent chemical ecology research focused mainly on the olfactory sensory system of this rapidly spreading invasive pest. Abstract The Cypress jewel beetle, Lamprodila (Palmar) festiva festiva (Linnaeus, 1767), is a serious invasive pest of ornamental Cupressaceae, which has recently expanded its range from the Mediterranean region northwards to central and eastern Europe, and to the Russian Black Sea coast. In this study, we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study of the micromorphology of the male and female antennae of L. festiva to examine the morphology, numbers, distribution, and possible functions of antennal sensilla. Most sensilla are located in the sensory fields within the apical depressions on antennomeres IV–XI. We identified four main types of antennal sensilla in L. festiva: sensilla chaetica (seven subtypes, of which two occur only in females), sensilla basiconica (five subtypes), multiporous grooved pegs (two subtypes), and Böhm sensilla. Females have relatively more sensilla chaetica and multiporous grooved pegs, whereas males have more sensilla basiconica. We discuss possible functions of all examined sensilla and compare them with those in other Buprestidae or other insects. Our study should serve as background information for advanced electrophysiological and behavioral experiments to better understand the functions of different sensilla and mechanisms related to semiochemically based pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Faucheux
- Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. 92208, F-44322 Nantes CEDEX 03, France;
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross utca 13, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Johana Hoffmannova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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Comparative analysis of antennal fine structure of Goniagnathus punctifer, Stirellus yeongnamensis and Stirellus indrus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-020-00501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Rani AT, Shashank PR, Meshram NM, Sagar D, Srivastava C, Pandey KK, Singh J. Morphological characterization of antennal sensilla of Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Micron 2020; 140:102957. [PMID: 33120164 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is an important and most devastating insect pest on okra and cotton. The pest mainly responsible for causing significant direct damage to tender shoots and fruits of okra, flowers and green bolls of cotton causing net yield loss in both crops. Many non-chemical control strategies have been developed under the insect pest management program, A complete knowledge on the antennal morphology of E. vitella is essential for future electrophysiological and behavioural studies. In the present study, the antennal morphology and types of sensilla on the antennae of both sexes of E. vitella were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine distinct types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica, uniporous peg sensilla (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia and bohm bristles (aporous). Among all sensilla, the most widespread are multiporous sensilla trichodea with 42.90 ± 1.77/flagellomere in male and 37.38 ± 1.38/flagellomere in female. Sensilla basiconica were the second most common sensillum type in male antennae with 15.67 ± 1.92/flagellomere. Other multiporous sensilla such as auricillica (11.90 ± 0.99) and coeloconica (4.57 ± 0.25) were significantly more abundant in female than in male antennae. Results of the study provide morphological evidence that E. vitella antennae possess microscopic cuticular structures that can play a role in perception of pheromones, plant odours and other chemical stimulants. This will open up opportunities to assess the possibility of using pheromones and plant-derived compounds for the monitoring or management of E. vittella moths in the agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Rani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - P R Shashank
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Naresh M Meshram
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D Sagar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Chitra Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K K Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
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Oh HW, Jeong SA, Kim J, Park KC. Morphological and functional heterogeneity in olfactory perception between antennae and maxillary palps in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 101:e21560. [PMID: 31152462 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and ultrastructure of the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their responses to five volatile compounds were measured using electroantenogram (EAG) and electropalpogram (EPG) techniques in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki; Diptera: Tephritidae). Male and female B. depressa displayed distinct morphological types of olfactory sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps, with predominant populations of trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla. Basiconic sensilla, the most abundant type of olfactory sensilla in the antennae, could be further classified into two different types. In contrast, the maxillary palps exhibited predominant populations of a single type of curved basiconic sensilla. High-resolution SEM observation revealed the presence of multiple nanoscale wall-pores on the cuticular surface of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, indicating that their primary function is olfactory. In contrast, coeloconic sensilla displayed several longitudinal grooves around the sensillum peg. The TEM observation of individual antennal olfactory sensilla indicates that the basiconic sensilla are thin-walled, while the trichoid sensilla are thick-walled. The profile of EAG responses of male B. depressa was different from their EPG response profile, indicating that the olfactory function of maxillary palps is different from that of antennae in this species. The structural and functional variation in the olfactory sensilla between antennae and maxillary palps suggests that each plays an independent role in the perception of olfactory signals in B. depressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Oh
- Core Facility Management Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon Ah Jeong
- Core Facility Management Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiae Kim
- Core Facility Management Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kye Chung Park
- Bioprotection/Biosecurity, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Godoy R, Aburto C, Lizana P, Venthur H, Palma-Millanao R, Méndez L, Panichini M, Moraga F, Bardehle L, Quiroz A, Mutis A. Antennal Morphology and Localization of a Pheromone-Binding Protein of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:422-432. [PMID: 30414018 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the sensory system of insects, olfactory sensilla constitute important functional elements for discriminating odors. Therefore, we used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the morphology and distribution of sensilla in the antennae of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). In addition, we studied the expression of the gene encoding for pheromone-binding protein 1 (LbotPBP1) by in situ hybridization. Lobesia botrana antennae are filiform and are subdivided into three segments: scape, pedicel, and flagellum. The number of flagellum and their overall length were significantly higher and longer in males than in females. Six morphological types of sensilla (trichodea, chaetica, coeloconica, auricillica, basiconica, and styloconica) were identified on the antennae of both sexes. Trichodea sensilla were the most abundant on the antennae of L. botrana, and three subtypes, discerned by their lengths, were observed. However, sensilla trichodea subtype III was only present in male antennae. Moreover, LbotPBP1 expression was restricted to this type of sensilla, thus confirming its olfactory role, specifically under the context of sexual pheromone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godoy
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, La Araucanía, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, La Araucanía, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - P Lizana
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, La Araucanía, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - H Venthur
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Palma-Millanao
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - L Méndez
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Panichini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA Quilamapu), Chillán, Chile
| | - F Moraga
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - L Bardehle
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Mutis
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile.
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Stöckl AL, Kelber A. Fuelling on the wing: sensory ecology of hawkmoth foraging. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:399-413. [PMID: 30880349 PMCID: PMC6579779 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) comprise around 1500 species, most of which forage on nectar from flowers in their adult stage, usually while hovering in front of the flower. The majority of species have a nocturnal lifestyle and are important nocturnal pollinators, but some species have turned to a diurnal lifestyle. Hawkmoths use visual and olfactory cues including CO2 and humidity to detect and recognise rewarding flowers; they find the nectary in the flowers by means of mechanoreceptors on the proboscis and vision, evaluate it with gustatory receptors on the proboscis, and control their hovering flight position using antennal mechanoreception and vision. Here, we review what is presently known about the sensory organs and sensory-guided behaviour that control feeding behaviour of this fascinating pollinator taxon. We also suggest that more experiments on hawkmoth behaviour in natural settings are needed to fully appreciate their sensory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Stöckl
- Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Kelber
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Comparison of the antennal sensilla of females of four fig-wasps associated with Ficus auriculata. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Roh GH, Park KC, Oh HW, Park CG. Species- and sex-specific distribution of antennal olfactory sensilla in two tortricid moths, Epiphyas postvittana and Planotortrix octo. Micron 2018; 106:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Bisch-Knaden S, Dahake A, Sachse S, Knaden M, Hansson BS. Spatial Representation of Feeding and Oviposition Odors in the Brain of a Hawkmoth. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2482-2492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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16
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Yan XZ, Deng CP, Xie JX, Wu LJ, Sun XJ, Hao C. Distribution patterns and morphology of sensilla on the antennae of Plutella xylostella (L.)—A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. Micron 2017; 103:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Zhong H, Zhang Y, Wei C. Comparative morphology of ovipositor in cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), with considerations on their taxonomic significance. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Nowińska A, Brożek J. Morphological study of the antennal sensilla in Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017; 136:327-347. [PMID: 28883684 PMCID: PMC5563518 DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The external morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of 21 species from five families of semiaquatic bugs (Gerromorpha) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Nine main types were distinguished based on their morphological structure: sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla leaflike, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullacea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla placoidea and sensilla bell-mouthed. The specific morphological structure of one type of sensilla (bell-mouthed sensilla) was observed only in Aquarius paludum. Several subtypes of sensilla are described, differentiated by number, location and type of sensillum characteristic for each examined taxon. The present study provides new data about the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in Gerromorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nowińska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - J. Brożek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, Reisenman CE. Glomerular interactions in olfactory processing channels of the antennal lobes. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:929-46. [PMID: 23893248 PMCID: PMC4066976 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An open question in olfactory coding is the extent of interglomerular connectivity: do olfactory glomeruli and their neurons regulate the odorant responses of neurons innervating other glomeruli? In the olfactory system of the moth Manduca sexta, the response properties of different types of antennal olfactory receptor cells are known. Likewise, a subset of antennal lobe glomeruli has been functionally characterized and the olfactory tuning of their innervating neurons identified. This provides a unique opportunity to determine functional interactions between glomeruli of known input, specifically, (1) glomeruli processing plant odors and (2) glomeruli activated by antennal stimulation with pheromone components of conspecific females. Several studies describe reciprocal inhibitory effects between different types of pheromone-responsive projection neurons suggesting lateral inhibitory interactions between pheromone component-selective glomerular neural circuits. Furthermore, antennal lobe projection neurons that respond to host plant volatiles and innervate single, ordinary glomeruli are inhibited during antennal stimulation with the female's sex pheromone. The studies demonstrate the existence of lateral inhibitory effects in response to behaviorally significant odorant stimuli and irrespective of glomerular location in the antennal lobe. Inhibitory interactions are present within and between olfactory subsystems (pheromonal and non-pheromonal subsystems), potentially to enhance contrast and strengthen odorant discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W St., N.W., Washington, DC, 20059, USA,
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20
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Binyameen M, Anderson P, Ignell R, Seada MA, Hansson BS, Schlyter F. Spatial Organization of Antennal Olfactory Sensory Neurons in the Female Spodoptera littoralis Moth: Differences in Sensitivity and Temporal Characteristics. Chem Senses 2012; 37:613-29. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjs043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Setzu MD, Poddighe S, Angioy AM. Sensilla on the antennal funiculus of the blow fly, Protophormia terraenovae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Micron 2011; 42:471-7. [PMID: 21310622 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of the antennal funiculus and the external morphological characteristics and distribution of sensilla of blow fly, Protophormia terraenovae, have been studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Cross section of the funiculus is roughly triangular in shape, with an anterior-medial, anterior-lateral, and posterior surface. The latter presents some large-size pits on restricted lateral and median areas of the proximal funiculus, and several smaller-size ones close to the pedicel-funiculus joint. The entire surface of the antennal sub-segment appears densely populated by microtrichia and is inhabited by seven types of sensilla: one trichoid, two basiconic, one auriculate, one coeloconic, and two basiconic-like pit sensilla. Trichoid, basiconic, auriculate and basiconic-like types display a multiporous wall, a feature characteristic of insect olfactory sensilla. It remains to be verified whether or not the coeloconic structure type has wall pores. The most abundant sensilla are the trichoid ones, which are followed by the basiconic, coeloconic and auriculate types in a decreasing density order. The basiconic-like pit sensilla are present only on the posterior funicular surface, unlike the remaining ones which populate the entire sub-segment. The blow fly' funiculus displays a significant, even though moderate sexual dimorphism, the female sub-segment being bigger and presenting a higher number of trichoid and auriculate sensilla. The presence of multiple wall pores in most of sensilla types implies an olfactory modality for sensory neurons they accomodate, thus indicating that the blow fly' funiculus is a plain olfactory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Setzu
- Department of Experimental Biology, Section of General Physiology, University of Cagliari, S.S. 554, Km 4.5, I 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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22
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Patch HM, Velarde RA, Walden KK, Robertson HM. A Candidate Pheromone Receptor and Two Odorant Receptors of the Hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Chem Senses 2009; 34:305-16. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Yang H, Yan SC, Liu D. Ultrastructural observations on antennal sensilla of Coleophora obducta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae). Micron 2009; 40:231-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Franco MD, Bohbot J, Fernandez K, Hanna J, Poppy J, Vogt R. Sensory cell proliferation within the olfactory epithelium of developing adult Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera). PLoS One 2007; 2:e215. [PMID: 17299595 PMCID: PMC1789077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects detect a multitude of odors using a broad array of phenotypically distinct olfactory organs referred to as olfactory sensilla. Each sensillum contains one to several sensory neurons and at least three support cells; these cells arise from mitotic activities from one or a small group of defined precursor cells. Sensilla phenotypes are defined by distinct morphologies, and specificities to specific odors; these are the consequence of developmental programs expressed by associated neurons and support cells, and by selection and expression of subpopulations of olfactory genes encoding such proteins as odor receptors, odorant binding proteins, and odor degrading enzymes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We are investigating development of the olfactory epithelium of adult M. sexta, identifying events which might establish sensilla phenotypes. In the present study, antennal tissue was examined during the first three days of an 18 day development, a period when sensory mitotic activity was previously reported to occur. Each antenna develops as a cylinder with an outward facing sensory epithelium divided into approximately 80 repeat units or annuli. Mitotic proliferation of sensory cells initiated about 20-24 hrs after pupation (a.p.), in pre-existing zones of high density cells lining the proximal and distal borders of each annulus. These high density zones were observed as early as two hr. a.p., and expanded with mitotic activity to fill the mid-annular regions by about 72 hrs a.p. Mitotic activity initiated at a low rate, increasing dramatically after 40-48 hrs a.p.; this activity was enhanced by ecdysteroids, but did not occur in animals entering pupal diapause (which is also ecdysteroid sensitive). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Sensory proliferation initiates in narrow zones along the proximal and distal borders of each annulus; these zones rapidly expand to fill the mid-annular regions. These zones exist prior to any mitotic activity as regions of high density cells which form either at or prior to pupation. Mitotic sensitivity to ecdysteroids may be a regulatory mechanism coordinating olfactory development with the developmental choice of diapause entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-dominique Franco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bohbot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenny Fernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jayd Hanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Poppy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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25
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Balkenius A, Rosén W, Kelber A. The relative importance of olfaction and vision in a diurnal and a nocturnal hawkmoth. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2005; 192:431-7. [PMID: 16380841 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-005-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nectar-feeding animals can use vision and olfaction to find rewarding flowers and different species may give different weight to the two sensory modalities. We have studied how a diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle affects the weight given to vision and olfaction. We tested naïve hawkmoths of two species in a wind tunnel, presenting an odour source and a visual stimulus. Although the two species belong to the same subfamily of sphingids, the Macroglossinae, their behaviour was quite different. The nocturnal Deilephila elpenor responded preferably to the odour while the diurnal Macroglossum stellatarum strongly favoured the visual stimulus. Since a nocturnal lifestyle is ancestral for sphingids, the diurnal species, M. stellatarum, has evolved from nocturnal moths that primarily used olfaction. During bright daylight visual cues may have became more important than odour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balkenius
- Vision Group Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Helgonavägen 3, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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26
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Hoskovec M, Luxová A, Svatoš A, Boland W. Biosynthesis of sex pheromones in moths: stereochemistry of fatty alcohol oxidation in Manduca sexta. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Higgins MR, Gibson NJ, Eckholdt PA, Nighorn A, Copenhaver PF, Nardi J, Tolbert LP. Different isoforms of fasciclin II are expressed by a subset of developing olfactory receptor neurons and by olfactory-nerve glial cells during formation of glomeruli in the moth Manduca sexta. Dev Biol 2002; 244:134-54. [PMID: 11900464 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2002.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During development of the primary olfactory projection, olfactory receptor axons must sort by odor specificity and seek particular sites in the brain in which to create odor-specific glomeruli. In the moth Manduca sexta, we showed previously that fasciclin II, a cell adhesion molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed by the axons of a subset of olfactory receptor neurons during development and that, in a specialized glia-rich "sorting zone," these axons segregate from nonfasciclin II-expressing axons before entering the neuropil of the glomerular layer. The segregation into fasciclin II-positive fascicles is dependent on the presence of the glial cells in the sorting zone. Here, we explore the expression patterns for different isoforms of Manduca fasciclin II in the developing olfactory system. We find that olfactory receptor axons express transmembrane fasciclin II during the period of axonal ingrowth and glomerulus development. Fascicles of TM-fasciclin II+ axons target certain glomeruli and avoid others, such as the sexually dimorphic glomeruli. These results suggest that TM-fasciclin II may play a role in the sorting and guidance of the axons. GPI-linked forms of fasciclin II are expressed weakly by glial cells associated with the receptor axons before they reach the sorting zone, but not by sorting-zone glia. GPI-fasciclin II may, therefore, be involved in axon-glia interactions related to stabilization of axons in the nerve, but probably not related to sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Higgins
- Arizona Research Laboratories Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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28
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Shields VD, Hildebrand JG. Recent advances in insect olfaction, specifically regarding the morphology and sensory physiology of antennal sensilla of the female sphinx moth Manduca sexta. Microsc Res Tech 2001; 55:307-29. [PMID: 11754510 PMCID: PMC2386875 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The antennal flagellum of female Manduca sexta bears eight sensillum types: two trichoid, two basiconic, one auriculate, two coeloconic, and one styliform complex sensilla. The first type of trichoid sensillum averages 34 microm in length and is innervated by two sensory cells. The second type averages 26 microm in length and is innervated by either one or three sensory cells. The first type of basiconic sensillum averages 22 microm in length, while the second type averages 15 microm in length. Both types are innervated by three bipolar sensory cells. The auriculate sensillum averages 4 microm in length and is innervated by two bipolar sensory cells. The coeloconic type-A and type-B both average 2 microm in length. The former type is innervated by five bipolar sensory cells, while the latter type, by three bipolar sensory cells. The styliform complex sensillum occurs singly on each annulus and averages 38-40 microm in length. It is formed by several contiguous sensilla. Each unit is innervated by three bipolar sensory cells. A total of 2,216 sensilla were found on a single annulus (annulus 21) of the flagellum. Electrophysiological responses from type-A trichoid sensilla to a large panel of volatile odorants revealed three different subsets of olfactory receptor cells (ORCs). Two subsets responded strongly to only a narrow range of odorants, while the third responded strongly to a broad range of odorants. Anterograde labeling of ORCs from type-A trichoid sensilla revealed that their axons projected mainly to two large female glomeruli of the antennal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Shields
- Biological Sciences Department, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA.
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