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Shi Y, Bao L, Li Y, Ou D, Li J, Liu X, Deng N, Deng C, Huang X, Zhang W, Ding H. Multi-omics combined to investigate potential druggable therapeutic targets for stroke: A systematic Mendelian randomization study and transcriptome verification. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:196-209. [PMID: 39214372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke is a highly prevalent and disabling disease whose disease mechanisms are not fully understood. The discovery of disease-associated proteins with genetic evidence of pathogenicity provides an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets. METHOD We examined the observed and causal associations of thousands of plasma and inflammatory proteins that were measured using affinity-based proteomic assays. First, we pooled >3000 relevant proteins using a fixed-effects meta-analysis of 2 population-based studies involving 48,383 participants, then investigated the causal effects of stroke and its subtype-associated proteins by forward Mendelian randomization using cis-protein quantitative locus genetic tools identified from genome-wide association studies of these >48,000 individuals. To improve the accuracy of causal estimation, we implemented a systematic Mendelian randomization model that accounts for cascading imbalances between instruments and tested the robustness of causal estimation through multi-method analyses. To further validate the hypothesis that ginsenoside Rg1 monomer acts on the five protein targets screened for drug-targeted regulation, we conducted a comparative analysis of the mRNA (gene) expression levels of a limited number of genes in the brain tissues of different groups of SD rats. The druggability of the candidate proteins was investigated and the mechanism of action and potential targeting side effects were explored by Phenome-wide MR. RESULTS Six circulating proteins were identified to have a significant genetic association with stroke (PFDR < 0.05). For example, in patients with cardioembolic stroke, higher genetically predicted APRT was associated with a lower risk of cardioembolic stroke (ORivw [95 % CI] = 0.641 [0.517, 0.795]; P = 5.25 × 10-5, ORSMR [95 % CI] = 0.572, [0.397, 0.825], PSMR = 0.003). Mediation analyses suggested that atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, and heart failure may mediate the association of CD40L, LIFR, and UPA with stroke. Molecular docking revealed promising interactions between the identified proteins and glycosides. Transcriptomic sequencing in animal models indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 may act through APRT, IL15RA, and VSIR pathways, with APRT showing significant variability in mRNA sequencing expression. Phenome-wide MR of the six target proteins showed an overwhelming predominance of PFDR > 0.05, indicating less toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides genetic evidence to support the potential efficacy of targeting the three druggable protein targets for the treatment of stroke. This is achieved by triangulating population genomic and proteomic data. Furthermore, the study validates the pathway mechanisms by which APRT, IL15RA, and VSIR dock ginsenoside Rg1 in animal models. This will help to prioritize stroke drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shi
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Le Bao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Dian Ou
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jiating Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Nujiao Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China.
| | - Huang Ding
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China.
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Li R, Lou Q, Ji T, Li Y, Yang H, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Qian C, Yang W, Wang Y, Luo S. Mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge ameliorating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118157. [PMID: 38588987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AMB) is a herb with wide application in traditional Chinese medicine, exerting a wealth of pharmacological effects. AMB has been proven to have an evident therapeutic effect on ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, including cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the specific mechanism underlying AMB in CIRI remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential role of AMB in CIRI through a comprehensive approach of network pharmacology and in vivo experimental research. METHODS The intersection genes of drugs and diseases were obtained through analysis of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created through the string website. Meanwhile, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was carried out using R studio, and thereafter the key genes were screened. Then, the molecular docking prediction was made between the main active ingredients and target genes, and hub genes with high binding energy were obtained. In addition, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was used to validate the result of molecular docking. Based on the results of network pharmacology, we used animal experiments to verify the predicted hub genes. First, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MACO/R) model was established and the effective dose of AMB in CIRI was determined by behavioral detection and 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Then the target proteins corresponding to the hub genes were measured by Western blot. Moreover, the level of neuronal death was measured using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. RESULTS Based on the analysis of the TCMSP database and GEO database, a total of 62 intersection target genes of diseases and drugs were obtained. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of AMB on CIRI might be realized through the advanced glycation endproduct-the receptor of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and other pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the active ingredients of AMB had good binding potential with hub genes that included Prkcb, Ikbkb, Gsk3b, Fos and Rela. Animal experiments showed that AWE (60 g/kg) could alleviate CIRI by regulating the phosphorylation of PKCβ, IKKβ, GSK3β, c-Fos and NF-κB p65 proteins. CONCLUSION AMB exerts multi-target and multi-pathway effects against CIRI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and inhibiting calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, 230061, PR China
| | - Qi Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yincan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, 230061, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, 230061, PR China
| | - Can Qian
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, 230061, PR China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Shengyong Luo
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, 230061, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
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Zhao R, Wu R, Jin J, Ning K, Wang Z, Yi X, Kapilevich L, Liu J. Signaling pathways regulated by natural active ingredients in the fight against exercise fatigue-a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269878. [PMID: 38155906 PMCID: PMC10752993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise fatigue is a normal protective mechanism of the body. However, long-term fatigue hinders normal metabolism and exercise capacity. The generation and recovery from exercise fatigue involves alterations in multiple signaling pathways, mainly AMPK, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, PINK1/Parkin, and BDNF/TrkB, as well as MAPK signaling pathways that mediate energy supply, reduction of metabolites, oxidative stress homeostasis, muscle fiber type switching, and central protective effects. In recent studies, a rich variety of natural active ingredients have been identified in traditional Chinese medicines and plant extracts with anti-fatigue effects, opening up the field of research in new anti-fatigue drugs. In this review we give an overview of the signaling pathways associated with the activity of natural food active ingredients against exercise fatigue. Such a comprehensive review is necessary to understand the potential of these materials as preventive measures and treatments of exercise fatigue. We expect the findings highlighted and discussed here will help guide the development of new health products and provide a theoretical and scientific basis for future research on exercise fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyue Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruomeng Wu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Ning
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Nаtionаl Reseаrch Tomsk Stаte University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Wang T, Pan C, Xie C, Chen L, Song Z, Liao H, Xin C. Microbiota Metabolites and Immune Regulation Affect Ischemic Stroke Occurrence, Development, and Prognosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6176-6187. [PMID: 37432592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota are not only related to the development and occurrence of digestive system disease, but also have a bidirectional relationship with nervous system diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. At present, correlations between the gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including stroke, are one of the focuses of investigation and attention in the medical community. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease accompanied by focal neurological deficit or central nervous system injury or death. In this review, we summarize the contemporary latest research on correlations between the gut microbiota and IS. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms of gut microbiota implicated in IS and related to metabolite production and immune regulation. Moreover, the factors of gut microbiota that affecting IS occurrence, and research implicating the gut microbiota as potential therapeutic targets for IS, are highlighted. Our review highlights the evidential relationships and connections between the gut microbiota and IS pathogenesis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuanling Pan
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liying Chen
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Liao
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Caiyan Xin
- Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Liang Y, Chen B, Liang D, Quan X, Gu R, Meng Z, Gan H, Wu Z, Sun Y, Liu S, Dou G. Pharmacological Effects of Astragaloside IV: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6118. [PMID: 37630371 PMCID: PMC10458270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragali and serves as a marker for assessing the herb's quality. AS-IV is a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin in the form of lanolin ester alcohol and exhibits various biological activities. This review article summarizes the chemical structure of AS-IV, its pharmacological effects, mechanism of action, applications, future prospects, potential weaknesses, and other unexplored biological activities, aiming at an overall analysis. Papers were retrieved from online electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, and data from studies conducted over the last 10 years on the pharmacological effects of AS-IV as well as its impact were collated. This review focuses on the pharmacological action of AS-IV, such as its anti-inflammatory effect, including suppressing inflammatory factors, increasing T and B lymphocyte proliferation, and inhibiting neutrophil adhesion-associated molecules; antioxidative stress, including scavenging reactive oxygen species, cellular scorching, and regulating mitochondrial gene mutations; neuroprotective effects, antifibrotic effects, and antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Di Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Quan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guifang Dou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
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Wang S, Cai Y, Bu R, Wang Y, Lin Q, Chen Y, Wu C. PPARγ Regulates Macrophage Polarization by Inhibiting the JAK/STAT Pathway and Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01137-0. [PMID: 37129843 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of PPARγ and underlying mechanisms in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). IRI was surgically induced in mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Quantitative genetic analysis and western blotting were performed to assess mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of PPARγ, as well as of different inflammatory, fibrosis, and apoptosis markers in cells and tissues. PPARγ was overexpressed in the heart of mice and NRCMs by viral transfection. Apoptosis and fibrosis were detected by TUNEL and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect M1 and M2 macrophage-related inflammatory factors present in mouse sera. PPARγ overexpression significantly inhibited OGD/R- and IRI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PPARγ overexpression inhibited IRI-induced secretion of M1-related proinflammatory factors, whereas it supported the secretion of M2-related anti-inflammatory factors. Notably, these events were found to be mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway. In conclusion, PPARγ regulates macrophage polarization upon IRI via the JAK/STAT pathway, which will in turn prevent myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis. Hence, PPARγ may represent a valuable target for myocardial IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yinlian Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Rongsheng Bu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yaoguo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qingfan Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Youfang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Li Y, Yang Q, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Zhao X. Simultaneous Extraction of Flavonoid Glycosides and Flavonoid Aglycones from Discarded Apple Branches by Enzyme-assisted Micelle-mediated Extraction with Cloud Point Enrichment Method. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li M, Tang H, Li Z, Tang W. Emerging Treatment Strategies for Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neuroscience 2022; 507:112-124. [PMID: 36341725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) injury is a common feature of ischemic stroke which occurs when the blood supply is restored after a period of ischemia in the brain. Reduced blood-flow to the brain during CI/RI compromises neuronal cell health as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cytokine production, inflammation and tissue damage. Reperfusion therapy during CI/RI can restore the blood flow to ischemic regions of brain which are not yet infarcted. The long-term goal of CI/RI therapy is to reduce stroke-related neuronal cell death, disability and mortality. A range of drug and interventional therapies have emerged that can alleviate CI/RI mediated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the brain. Herein, we review recent studies on CI/RI interventions for which a mechanism of action has been described and the potential of these therapeutic modalities for future use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Heyong Tang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (School of Life Sciences), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Li T, Li L, Peng R, Hao H, Zhang H, Gao Y, Wang C, Li F, Liu X, Chen F, Zhang S, Zhang J. Abrocitinib Attenuates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury via Inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223588. [PMID: 36429017 PMCID: PMC9688110 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation has been shown to play a critical role in secondary craniocerebral injury, leading to poor outcomes for TBI patients. Abrocitinib, a Janus kinase1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor approved to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), possesses a novel anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we investigated whether abrocitinib could ameliorate neuroinflammation and exert a neuroprotective effect in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. METHODS First, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to select genes closely related to neuroinflammation after TBI. Then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to dynamically observe the changes in traumatic focus on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after the induction of fluid percussion injury (FPI). Moreover, abrocitinib's effects on neurobehaviors were evaluated. A routine peripheral blood test was carried out and Evans blue dye extravasation, cerebral cortical blood flow, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the numbers of inflammatory cells were evaluated to investigate the function of abrocitinib on the 1st day post-injury. Furthermore, the JAK1/signal transducer and activator of transcription1 (STAT1)/nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) pathway was assessed. RESULTS In vivo, abrocitinib treatment was found to shrink the trauma lesions. Compared to the TBI group, the abrocitinib treatment group showed better neurological function, less blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, improved intracranial blood flow, relieved inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, abrocitinib treatment was shown to reduce the pro-inflammatory M1 microglia phenotype and shift microglial polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The WB and IHC results showed that abrocitinib played a neuroprotective role by restraining JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB levels after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, abrocitinib treatment after TBI is accompanied by improvements in neurological function consistent with radiological, histopathological, and biochemical changes. Therefore, abrocitinib can indeed reduce excessive neuroinflammation by restraining the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Hongying Hao
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Panax notoginseng saponins alleviates inflammation induced by microglial activation and protects against ischemic brain injury via inhibiting HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Zeng M, Zhang R, Yang Q, Guo L, Zhang X, Yu B, Gan J, Yang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Jiang X, Lu B. Pharmacological therapy to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Focus on saponins. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113696. [PMID: 36116247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary insult from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major risk factor for poor prognosis of cerebral ischemia. Saponins are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities that are effective in treating CIRI. By browsing the literature from 2001 to 2021, 55 references involving 24 kinds of saponins were included. Saponins were shown to relieve CIRI by inhibiting oxidation stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, restoring BBB integrity, and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. This review summarizes and classifies several common saponins and their mechanisms in relieving CIRI. Information provided in this review will benefit researchers to design, research and develop new medicines to treat CIRI-related conditions with saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Guo H, Hu R, Huang G, Pu W, Chu X, Xing C, Zhang C. Molybdenum and cadmium co-exposure induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by Th1 polarization in Shaoxing duck (Anas platyrhyncha) spleens. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134275. [PMID: 35278442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are deleterious to animals, but immunotoxicity co-induced by Mo and Cd remains unclear. To ascertain the confederate impacts of Mo and Cd on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis by Helper T (Th) cells 1 polarization in the spleen of ducks, we randomly allocated forty 8-day-old Shaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) into 4 groups and reared them with having different doses of Mo and/or Cd basic diet. At the 16th week of the experiment, serum and spleen tissues were extracted. Data confirmed that Mo and/or Cd strikingly promoted their levels in spleen, caused histological abnormality and trace elements imbalance, and disrupted Th1/Th2 balance to divert toward Th1, then triggered ER stress by increasing three branches PERK/eIF2α/CHOP, IRE1/Caspase-12 and TRAF2/JNK signaling pathways-related genes mRNA and proteins levels, which stimulated apoptosis by elevating Bak-1, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 mRNA expression, and cleaved-Caspase-9/Caspase-9, cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3 proteins expression as well as apoptosis rate, and decreasing Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 mRNA expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Besides, the variation in combined group was most evident. Briefly, the study indicates that Mo and/or Cd exposure trigger ER stress-induced apoptosis via Th1 polarization in duck spleens, and its mechanism is somehow closely linked with the deposition of Cd and Mo, which may aggravate toxic damage to spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjing Pu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuesheng Chu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Shang Y, Zhang Z, Tian J, Li X. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Natural Products on Cerebral Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914630. [PMID: 35795571 PMCID: PMC9251309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia with high mortality and morbidity still requires the effectiveness of medical treatments. A growing number of investigations have shown strong links between inflammation and cerebral ischemia. Natural medicine’s treatment methods of cerebral ischemic illness have amassed a wealth of treatment experience and theoretical knowledge. This review summarized recent progress on the disease inflammatory pathways as well as 26 representative natural products that have been routinely utilized to treat cerebral ischemic injury. These natural products have exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia based on their inflammatory mechanisms, including their inflammatory gene expression patterns and their related different cell types, and the roles of inflammatory mediators in ischemic injury. Overall, the combination of the potential therapeutic interventions of natural products with the inflammatory mechanisms will make them be applicable for cerebral ischemic patients in the future.
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The Effect of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction on Spinal Cord Microglia Activation and ASK1-MKK3-p38 Signal Pathway in Rats with Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2408265. [PMID: 35646150 PMCID: PMC9135525 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2408265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most common chronic peripheral neuropathies in diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective. To observe the underlying mechanism of the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (YQHX) on DNP rats. Methods. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to prepare DNP models and were treated with YQHX for 8 weeks. Results. Studies have shown that the drug restores some levels of MWT, TWL, and MNCV, downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, downregulates the levels of ASK1-MKK3-p38, and weakens the level of OX42 activation. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction can relieve DNP by affecting the activity of spinal cord microglia and the ASK1-MKK3-p38 signaling pathway, thereby reducing the central sensitization caused by the inflammatory response of DNP rats.
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Zhu QY, Tang S, Yang XQ, Ding H, Liu XD, Zeng XB, Huang XP, Deng CQ. Borneol enhances the protective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting the access of astragaloside IV and the components of Panax notoginseng saponins into the brain. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153822. [PMID: 34763313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus and Panax notoginseng are significant traditional Chinese medicines for treating ischemic stroke, with astragaloside IV (AST IV) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) being the major effective compounds, respectively. These compounds can also be used in combination. We have previously shown that AST IV and PNS have an antagonistic effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and the combination of these two drugs can elevate this effect; unfortunately, AST IV and PNS cannot easily enter the brain tissues through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Previous studies have confirmed that the combination of borneol with other agents could promote the penetration of the drug components through the BBB. However, it remains unclear whether borneol can promote entry of the active components of AST IV and PNS into the brain tissues and enhance their effect against cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of borneol with AST IV and PNS against I/R injury and explore the mechanisms of borneol-promoting penetration of drug components into the BBB based on the drug transport of brain tissues. METHODS A rat model of focal cerebral I/R injury was established, and drugs, including borneol, AST IV, and PNS, as well as their combinations were intragastrically administered. Subsequently, drug efficacy was assessed, and the condition of AST IV and PNS active components (Rg1, Rb1, R1) delivered into the brain was analyzed. Moreover, BBB permeability was determined, and the expression of related drug transporters and their genes were evaluated. RESULTS After treatment with borneol, AST IV, PNS, AST Ⅳ+PNS, and borneol+AST Ⅳ+PNS after cerebral I/R, the neurological function deficit scores, cerebral infarct rate, and brain water content markedly decreased. The effects of the three-drug-combination were better than those of the drugs used alone and those of AST Ⅳ+PNS. Moreover, after I/R in rats, AST IV and the components of PNS (Rg1, Rb1, R1) were mainly found in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum, respectively, when used alone. Borneol combined with AST IV and PNS increased the contents of AST IV, Rb1, Rg1, and R1 in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum, thus, promoting the enrichment of active components to the cerebral cortex, especially to the affected side. In addition, following I/R, diffuse distribution of lanthanum particles in the basement membrane, intercellular and intracellular locations of rat brain tissues indicated BBB destruction and increase in permeability, which were alleviated in each drug group. The effects of borneol combined with AST IV and PNS were stronger than those of the drug single-used and those of the AST IV+PNS group. Finally, the expression of effluent transporters (ET) and their genes, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-1, MRP-2, MRP-4, and MRP-5 in brain tissues, strikingly increased after I/R. Borneol remarkedly down-regulated the protein expression of P-gp, MRP-2, and MRP-4 in the brain, whereas PNS down-regulated MRP-4 and MRP-5 protein expression. AST IV, AST IV+PNS, and bornoel+AST IV+PNS effectively decreased the expression of P-gp, MRP-2, MRP-4, and MRP-5 proteins. The effects of the three-drug combination were significantly greater than those of the drug single-used and AST IV+PNS groups. The expression of each ET gene manifested corresponding results. Meanwhile, PNS, AST IV+PNS, and bornoel+AST IV+PNS significantly inhibited the down-regulation of the uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-2 expression, and the effect of bornoel+AST IV+PNS was stronger than that of other groups. CONCLUSION After I/R, the brain tissues were injured, BBB permeability increased, expression of critical ET and their genes were markedly up-regulated, and the main uptake transporters were down-regulated. We propose that the combination of borneol, AST IV and PNS could enhance the effect against cerebral I/R injury and protect BBB integrity. The potential mechanism might be the delivery of AST IV and active components of PNS to the brain tissues after treatment in combination with borneol, which could be effectively promoted by down-regulating the expression of ETs and up-regulating the expression of uptake transporters in the brain tissues. This study was the first to demonstrate that borneol combined with AST IV+PNS enhanced the effect against cerebral I/R injury through promoting the entry of AST and PNS active components to the brain tissues. Thus, this study proposes an instructive role in developing effective active ingredients combination of Chinese medicine with clear ingredients and synergistic effects in terms of the characteristic of borneol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Zhu
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - San Tang
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Huang Ding
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xin-Bing Zeng
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Huang
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China.
| | - Chang-Qing Deng
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science & Technology Park, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China.
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Tang B, She X, Deng CQ. Effect of the combination of astragaloside IV and Panax notoginseng saponins on pyroptosis and necroptosis in rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1123. [PMID: 34504577 PMCID: PMC8383753 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis and necroptosis are closely associated with the mechanism underlying cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The combination of astragaloside IV (AST IV) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has remarkable effects on the alleviation of cerebral I/R damage. However, whether inhibition of pyroptosis and necroptosis is the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of this drug combination on cerebral I/R injury remains unclear. To explore the effects and mechanisms of drug treatment, middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to induce I/R injury in rats, which was verified based on neurological deficit score (NDS), infarct volume and H&E staining. Activation of pyroptosis and necroptosis was detected by western blot analysis of associated proteins. The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with AST IV and PNS, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced the NDS, cerebral infarct volume and cell injury rate in the cerebral cortex of rats. The treatments also improved pathological injury to the cerebral cortex and reduced the levels of proteins associated with pyroptosis and necroptosis. These effects were stronger in the combination drug group compared with groups treated with a single drug alone. The findings of the present study suggested that the combination of AST IV and PNS exhibited stronger neuroprotective effects in I/R injury than either drug alone, and that the underlying mechanism was associated with inhibition of pyroptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Xu She
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Deng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
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Autophagy in vascular dementia and natural products with autophagy regulating activity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105756. [PMID: 34237440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion(CCH)-induced vascular dementia(VD) is a common neurodegenerative disease which seriously affects the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is critical to find an effective treatment of VD. Autophagy is a natural regulated mechanism that can remove dysfunctional proteins and organelles, however, over-activation or under-activation can of autophagy can induce the apoptosis of cells. Although autophagy plays a role in the central nervous system is unquestionable, the effects of autophagy in the ischemic brain are still controversial. Some autophagy regulators have been tested, suggesting that both activation and inhibition of autophagy can improve the cognitive function. This article reviews the role of autophagy in CCH-induced VD to discuss whether autophagy has the potential to become a target for drug development and provides several potential compounds for treating vascular dementia.
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Xie W, Wang X, Xiao T, Cao Y, Wu Y, Yang D, Zhang S. Protective Effects and Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 Against Cerebral Ischemia Injury: A Pharmacological Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:604811. [PMID: 34276353 PMCID: PMC8283782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.604811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, only a limited number of drugs are available for treating ischemic stroke. Hence, studies aiming to explore and develop other potential strategies and agents for preventing and treating ischemic stroke are urgently needed. Ginseng Rb1 (GRb1), a saponin from natural active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exerts neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system (CNS). We conducted this review to explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of GRb1 on cerebral ischemic injury, providing a valuable reference and insights for developing new agents to treat ischemic stroke. Our summarized results indicate that GRb1 exerts significant neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro, and these network actions and underlying mechanisms are mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities and involve the inhibition of excitotoxicity and Ca2+ influx, preservation of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and maintenance of energy metabolism. These findings indicate the potential of GRb1 as a candidate drug for treating ischemic stroke. Further studies, in particular clinical trials, will be important to confirm its therapeutic value in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianbao Xiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Lo HH, Zhang K, Law BYK, Nasim AA, Chung SK, Wong VKW, Liu L. Potential therapeutic compounds from traditional Chinese medicine targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105696. [PMID: 34052360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects about 0.5-1% of people with symptoms that significantly impact a sufferer's lifestyle. The cells involved in propagating RA tend to display pro-inflammatory and cancer-like characteristics. Medical drug treatment is currently the main avenue of RA therapy. However, drug options are limited due to severe side effects, high costs, insufficient disease retardation in a majority of patients, and therapeutic effects possibly subsiding over time. Thus there is a need for new drug therapies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition due to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, and subsequent cellular responses have been found to be involved in cancer and inflammatory pathologies, including RA. ER stress protein markers and their modulation have therefore been suggested as therapeutic targets, such as GRP78 and CHOP, among others. Some current RA therapeutic drugs have been found to have ER stress-modulating properties. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) frequently use natural products that affect multiple body and cellular targets, and several medicines and/or their isolated compounds have been found to also have ER stress-modulating capabilities, including TCMs used in RA treatment by Chinese Medicine practitioners. This review encourages, in light of the available information, the study of these RA-treating, ER stress-modulating TCMs as potential new pharmaceutical drugs for use in clinical RA therapy, along with providing a list of other ER stress-modulating TCMs utilized in treatment of cancers, inflammatory diseases and other diseases, that have potential use in RA treatment given similar ER stress-modulating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kaixi Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China
| | - Ali Adnan Nasim
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
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Wu H, Zheng S, Zhang J, Xu S, Miao Z. Cadmium induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in pig pancreas via the increase of Th1 cells. Toxicology 2021; 457:152790. [PMID: 33891997 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant, causes several adverse reactions in animals. High dose of Cd has serious cytotoxicities, including the induction of programmed cell necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis, which has aroused wide public concern. The balance of cytokine network is affected by Th1/Th2 balance which is closely related to immune response and the occurrence, development, treatment and outcome of various diseases. Cd can induce severe apoptosis, but the relationship between Cd induced apoptosis and Th1/Th2 balance has not been clarified. In this study, we established a pig Cd poisoning model, exposing to CdCl2 for 40 days (20 mg Cd/kg diet). Firstly, deviation of Th1/Th2 balance was observed by fluorescence staining, and apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. Then, real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related proteins. The results show that Cd can interfere with the balance of Th1/Th2 and shift the balance towards Th1. In addition, through the experiments, we found that Cd exposure can increase the expression of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), marker proteins of unfolded protein response (UPR). Cd exposure can increase the expression of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase12), indicating the three branches (ATF6, PERK and IRE-1) of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) were activated. Moreover, we found that the expression of pro-apoptosis genes in the downstream pathway of ER-stress increased. In summary, our results indicated that Cd exposure upregulated the expression of pro-apoptosis related genes and caused apoptosis via the activation of the ER-stress signaling pathways in pancreas cells. And these negative effects were correlated with the equilibrium drift of Th1/Th2, increase in the expression and secretion of Th1 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiruo Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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21
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Du H, He Y, Pan Y, Zhao M, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Wan H. Danhong Injection Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through the Suppression of the Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:561237. [PMID: 33927611 PMCID: PMC8076794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.561237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the major causes of damage of the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, which can result in long-term disability and neuronal death. Danhong injection (DHI), a traditional Chinese medicine injection, has been applied to the clinical treatment of cerebral stoke for many years. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of DHI on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats and explored its potential anti-neuroinflammatory properties. CIRI in adult male SD rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 h. Results showed that DHI (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) dose-dependently improved the neurological deficits and alleviated cerebral infarct volume and histopathological damage of the cerebral cortex caused by CIRI. Moreover, DHI (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) inhibited the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ischemic brains, downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum, and reduced the neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase, MPO) in ischemic brains, in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining results also revealed that DHI dose-dependently diminished the protein expressions of ICAM-1 and COX-2, and suppressed the activation of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) in the cerebral cortex. Western blot analysis showed that DHI significantly downregulated the phosphorylation levels of the proteins in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinas (MAPK) signaling pathways in ischemic brains. These results indicate that DHI exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects against CIRI, which contribute to the amelioration of CNS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Du
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Yang F, Ma Q, Matsabisa MG, Chabalala H, Braga FC, Tang M. Panax notoginseng for Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1331-1351. [PMID: 32907361 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1, among others. This review provides an up-to-date overview on the pharmacological roles of P. notoginseng constituents in cerebral ischemia. The saponins of P. notoginseng induce a variety of pharmacological effects in the multiscale mechanisms of cerebral ischemic pathophysiology, including anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, inhibition of amino acid excitotoxicity, reduction of intracellular calcium overload, protection of mitochondria, repairing the blood-brain barrier, and facilitation of cell regeneration. Regarding cell regeneration, P. notoginseng not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, but also protects neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, P. notoginseng may treat cerebrovascular diseases through multiple pharmacological effects, and the most critical ones need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicines Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Hlupheka Chabalala
- IK-Based Technology Innovations Department of Science and Technology Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Minke Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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23
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Xue K, Ruan L, Hu J, Fu Z, Tian D, Zou W. Panax notoginseng saponin R1 modulates TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and attenuates allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106860. [PMID: 32771949 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Panax notoginseng saponin R1 (PNS-R1) is one of the most important chemical monomers derived from the panax notoginseng, and our previous study found that PNS-R1 reduced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Thus, in this study, we explored the effects of the PNS-R1 on inflammation of allergic asthma. METHODS The asthmatic mice were administered 15 mg/kg PNS-R1 by intraperitoneal injection three days before sensitized to OVA. The effects of PNS-R1 on asthmatic mice were detected by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were studied. We also treated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) with house dust mites (HDM) and then detected the secretion of cellular inflammatory factors (IL-13 and TNF-α). Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the effect of PNS-R1 on TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. TNF-α/NF-κB/IKK signal pathway activator was used in PNS-R1-treated asthmatic mice. RESULTS PNS-R1 significantly reduced the airway inflammatory, mucus secretion and hyperresponsiveness in asthma model. It also reduced the levels of IL-13, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum for asthma mice. PNS-R1 reduced IL-13 and TNF-α secretion in HDM-treated 16HBE cells. In addition, PNS-R1 suppressed TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in both asthmatic mice and 16HBE. Activation of NF-kB pathway reversed the therapeutic effect of PNS-R1 on asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PNS-R1 effectively suppresses allergic airway inflammation of asthma partly through TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. PNS-R1 may play a potential role in allergic asthma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjiao Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lingying Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
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24
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Inhibition of IL-32 Expression Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the NOD/MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1713-1727. [PMID: 32474900 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia represents a major cause of disability, yet its precise mechanism remains unknown. In addition, ischemia-reperfusion injury which occurs during the blood recovery process increases the risk of mortality, and is not adequately addressed with current treatment. To improve therapeutic options, it is important to explore the vital substances that play a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study is the first to investigate the role of IL-32, a vital pro-inflammatory factor, in models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results showed that IL-32 was highly expressed in both in vivo and in vitro models. The proteins of the NOD/MAPK/NF-κB pathway were also up-regulated, indicating a potential signaling pathway mechanism. Inhibition of IL-32 and blocking of the NOD/MAPK/NF-κB pathway increased cell survival, decreased the level of inflammatory factors and inflammasomes, and attenuated nitrosative stress. Taken together, the results show that inhibition of IL-32 expression ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the NOD/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. The findings in this study reveal that IL-32 is a vital target of ischemia-reperfusion injury, providing a new avenue for treatment development.
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25
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Neuroinflammation in CNS diseases: Molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of plant derived bioactive molecules. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Liu H, Yang J, Yang W, Hu S, Wu Y, Zhao B, Hu H, Du S. Focus on Notoginsenoside R1 in Metabolism and Prevention Against Human Diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:551-565. [PMID: 32103897 PMCID: PMC7012233 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s240511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside (NG)-R1 is one of the main bioactive compounds from Panax notoginseng (PN) root, which is well known in the prescription for mediating the micro-circulatory hemostasis in human. In this article, we mainly discuss NG-R1 in metabolism and the biological activities, including cardiovascular protection, neuro-protection, anti-diabetes, liver protection, gastrointestinal protection, lung protection, bone metabolism regulation, renal protection, and anti-cancer. The metabolites produced by deglycosylation of NG-R1 exhibit higher permeability and bioavailability. It has been extensively verified that NG-R1 may ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury in cardiovascular and neuronal systems mainly by upregulating the activity of estrogen receptor α-dependent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathways and downregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. However, no specific targets for NG-R1 have been identified. Expectedly, NG-R1 has been used as a main bioactive compound in many Traditional Chinese Medicines clinically, such as Xuesaitong, Naodesheng, XueShuanTong, ShenMai, and QSYQ. These suggest that NG-R1 exhibits a significant potency in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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27
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Yun M, Yi YS. Regulatory roles of ginseng on inflammatory caspases, executioners of inflammasome activation. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:373-385. [PMID: 32372859 PMCID: PMC7195600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that protects against pathogens and cellular stress. The hallmark of inflammatory responses is inflammasome activation in response to various stimuli. This subsequently activates downstream effectors, that is, inflammatory caspases such as caspase-1, 4, 5, 11, and 12. Extensive efforts have been made on developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory therapeutics, and ginseng has long been traditionally used as efficacious and safe herbal medicine in treating various inflammatory and inflammation-mediated diseases. Many studies have successfully shown that ginseng plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting inflammasomes and inflammasome-activated inflammatory caspases. This review discusses the regulatory roles of ginseng on inflammatory caspases in inflammatory responses and also suggests new research areas on the anti-inflammatory function of ginseng, which provides a novel insight into the development of ginseng as an effective and safe anti-inflammatory herbal medicine.
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Key Words
- AIM2, Absent in melanoma 2
- ASC, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD
- CARD, C-terminal caspase recruit domain
- COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2
- Caspase, Cysteine aspartate–specific protease
- DAMP, Danger-associated molecular pattern
- FIIND, Functional-to-find domain
- GSDMD, Gasdermin D
- Ginseng
- Ginsenoside
- HIN, Hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear protein
- IL, Interleukin
- Inflammasome
- Inflammation
- Inflammatory caspase
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, Leucine-rich repeat
- NACHT, Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappa B
- NLR, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor
- NO, Nitric oxide
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PGE2, Prostaglandin E2
- PRR, Pattern-recognition receptor
- PYD, N-terminal pyrin domain
- RGE, Korean Red Ginseng
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyong Yun
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Zhang J, Wu C, Gao L, Du G, Qin X. Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: A research review on the pharmacological effects. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 87:89-112. [PMID: 32089240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decoctions prepared from the roots of Astragali Radix are known as "Huangqi" and are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of viral and bacterial infections, inflammation, as well as cancer. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major compounds from the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus, is a cycloartane-type triterpene glycoside chemical. To date, many studies in cellular and animal models have demonstrated that AS-IV possesses potent protective effects in cardiovascular, lung, kidney and brain. Based on studies over the past several decades, this review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and the toxicity of AS-IV. We analyze in detail the pharmacological effects of AS-IV on neuroprotection, liver protection, anti-cancer and anti-diabetes, attributable to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties, and the roles in enhancement of immunity, attenuation of the migration and invasion of cancer cells and improvement of chemosensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, the latest developments in the combination of AS-IV and other active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine or chemical drugs are detailed. These pharmacological effects are associated with multiple signaling pathways, including the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, EGFR-Nrf2 signaling pathway, Akt/PDE3B signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, IL-11/STAT3 signaling pathway, Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, miRNA-34a/LDHA pathway, Nox4/Smad2 pathway, JNK pathway and NF-kB/PPARγ pathway. This review will provide an overall understanding of the pharmacological functions of astragaloside IV on neuroprotection, liver protection, anti-cancer and anti-diabetes. In light of this, AS-IV will be a potent alternative therapeutic agent for treatment of the above mentioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuxuan Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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29
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Fang H, Zhang FX, Li HF, Yang M, Liao R, Wang RR, Wang QY, Zheng PC, Zhang JP. PRR34-AS1 overexpression promotes protection of propofol pretreatment against ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse model after total knee arthroplasty via blockade of the JAK1-dependent JAK-STAT signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2545-2556. [PMID: 31556112 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs have been documented to be protective against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, few research works have focused on the protective effects of PRR34-AS1 on I/R injury after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of PRR34-AS1 on I/R injury after TKA. A mouse model with I/R injury after TKA was established. The interaction between PRR34-AS1 and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) was examined and thoroughly investigated. Next, the effects of PRR34-AS1 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, JAS-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways, and inflammation-related genes, chondrocyte proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed after gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Attenuated symptoms were observed in mice pretreated with propofol, which was evidenced by decreased positive expression rate of JAK1 protein and superoxide dismutase content along with increased malondialdehyde content and IL-10 levels. PRR34-AS1 was poorly expressed in mice with I/R injury after TKA. JAK1 was a target of PRR34-AS1. Upregulated PRR34-AS1 diminished expression of JAK1, STAT1, JAK2, and STAT3 as well as cell apoptosis, while enhancing cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, JAK1 silencing could reverse the suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis of chondrocytes imposed by silencing PRR34-AS1. Upregulation of PRR34-AS1 can potentially relieve I/R injury after TKA in mice pretreated with propofol through inhibition of the JAS-STAT signaling pathway by targeting JAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ren Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru-Rong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zheng
- Guizhou University Research Center for Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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30
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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31
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Sun Y, Liu B, Zheng X, Wang D. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered PC-12 inflammatory damage via elevating microRNA-132. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1808-1814. [PMID: 31062615 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1610414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed inflammatory response is closely associated with the severity of Spinal cord injury (SCI). Herein, the function and molecular mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) in the in vitro model of SCI inflammation injury were explored. METHODS PC-12 neuronal cells were subjected with LPS to construct a cell-based model of SCI inflammatory injury. NGR1 was applied in this cell model. miR-132 was silenced by transfection with miR-132 inhibitor. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Then, the expression changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines and JNK pathway were examined. RESULTS In this model, LPS was neurotoxic, with inhibiting PC-12 cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and enhancing concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. However, NGR1 weakened the influence of LPS on PC-12 cells via elevating cell viability, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, and suppressing activation of JNK signalling pathway. miR-132 was up-regulated by NGR1 treatment. Silence of miR-132 eliminated the influence of NGR1 on LPS-stimulated PC-12 cells. CONCLUSION NGR1 relieved PC-12 cells from LPS-triggered inflammatory damage via elevating miR-132 and hereafter suppressing JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Sun
- a Department of Spine Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Bing Liu
- b Department of Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Xiujun Zheng
- a Department of Spine Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Dechun Wang
- c Department of Spine Surgery , Qingdao Municipal Hospital , Qingdao , China
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Panax notoginsenoside Rb1 Restores the Neurotrophic Imbalance Following Photothrombotic Stroke in Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:441-451. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Razgonova MP, Veselov VV, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS, Nosyrev AE, Cravotto G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Panax ginseng components and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2975-2998. [PMID: 30816465 PMCID: PMC6423617 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the main representatives of traditional Chinese medicine and presents a wide range of pharmacological actions. Ginsenosides are the main class of active compounds found in ginseng. They demonstrate unique biological activity and medicinal value, namely anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as anti-apoptotic properties. Increasing levels of stress in life are responsible for the increased incidence of nervous system diseases. Neurological diseases create a huge burden on the lives and health of individuals. In recent years, studies have indicated that ginsenosides play a pronounced positive role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Nevertheless, research is still at an early stage of development, and the complex mechanisms of action involved remain largely unknown. This review aimed to shed light into what is currently known about the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides in relation to Alzheimer's disease. Scientific material and theoretical bases for the treatment of nervous system diseases with purified Panax ginseng extracts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Vyacheslavovich Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander Evgenyevich Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Xie W, Zhou P, Sun Y, Meng X, Dai Z, Sun G, Sun X. Protective Effects and Target Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: A Comprehensive Overview of Experimental Studies. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120270. [PMID: 30545139 PMCID: PMC6316103 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a complicated pathological process. The injury and cascade reactions caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion are characterized by high mortality, high recurrence, and high disability. However, only a limited number of antithrombotic drugs, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA), aspirin, and heparin, are currently available for ischemic stroke, and its safety concerns is inevitable which associated with reperfusion injury and hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and examine some potential neuroprotective agents with treatment for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury to reduce safety concerns caused by antithrombotic drugs in ischemic stroke. Ginseng Rg1 (G-Rg1) is a saponin composed of natural active ingredients and derived from the roots or stems of Panax notoginseng and ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine. Its pharmacological effects exert remarkable neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. To explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, we conducted this review, in which we searched the PubMed database to obtain and organize studies concerning the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. This study provides a valuable reference and clues for the development of new agents to combat ischemic stroke. Our summarized review and analysis show that the pharmacological effects of and mechanisms underlying ginsenoside Rg1 activity against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury mainly involve 4 sets of mechanisms: anti-oxidant activity and associated apoptosis via the Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, PPARγ/HO-1, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways (or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway) and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC pathway; anti-inflammatory and immune stimulatory-related activities that involve apoptosis or necrosis via MAPK pathways (the JNK1/2 + ERK1/2 and PPARγ/HO-1 pathways), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), high mobility group protein1 (HMGB1)-induced TLR2/4/9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pathways, and the activation of NF-κB; neurological cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration via the MAPK pathways (JNK1/2 + ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt/mTOR, PKB/Akt and HIF-1α/VEGF pathways); and energy metabolism and the regulation of cellular ATP levels, the blood-brain barrier and other effects via N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, ERS, and AMP/AMPK-GLUT pathways. Collectively, these mechanisms result in significant neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury. These findings will be valuable in that they should further promote the development of candidate drugs and provide more information to support the application of previous findings in stroke clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yifan Sun
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziru Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhu X, Yu J, Du J, Zhong G, Qiao L, Lin J. LncRNA HOXA-AS2 positively regulates osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through inactivating NF-κB signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1325-1332. [PMID: 30536618 PMCID: PMC6349193 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As is previously reported, mesenchymal stem cells have potential ability to differentiate into osteocytes. However, the underlying mechanism during this biological process is poorly understood. In the present study, we identify a novel long non-coding RNA named HOXA-AS2 as a critical regulator during the formation of osteogenesis. Attenuation of HOXA-AS2 can reduce the calcium deposition and repress the alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, the expressions of osteogenic marker genes are markedly downregulated after HOXA-AS2 depletion. Mechanistically, we found HOXA-AS2 can regulate the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, a critical inhibitor of osteogenesis. More importantly, HOXA-AS2 knockdown could result in the transcriptional repression of the osteogenic master transcription factor SP7 by a NF-κB/HDAC2-coordinated H3K27 deacetylation mechanism. Based on these studies, we conclude that HOXA-AS2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for bone tissue repair and regeneration in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Genshen Zhong
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Preclinical Evidence and Mechanism of Xingnaojing Injection for Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9624175. [PMID: 30581490 PMCID: PMC6276459 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9624175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cerebral ischemia can cause severe harm to people's health with the characteristics of high incidence, high disability, and high mortality. Xingnaojing injection (XNJI) is widely used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of XNJI in animal models of cerebral ischemia. Methods Total seven electronic databases in English or Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, VMIS, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) about most experiments and studies which came out before June 2018 of XNJI for cerebral ischemia have been searched. Data extraction, quality assessment, and meta-analysis are conducted according to the Cochrane standards and RevMan 5.3 software. Results We have identified 23 eligible studies and made a meta-analysis based on these studies. Meta-analysis shows that XNJI contributes significantly to reduction in neurological deficit score (P = 0.0002, MD = −1.25, 95% CI: −1.92, −0.58) compared with the control group of cerebral ischemia. Subgroup analytic results demonstrate that XNJI has been more effective in animal model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (P = 0.009, MD = −1.35, 95%CI: −2.36, −0.34) than that of permanent cerebral ischemia (P = 0.0002, MD = −1.08, 95%CI: −1.66, −0.51). Compared with control group, XNJI could remarkably reduce cerebral infarction area (P < 0.00001, MD = −14.98, 95%CI: −21.36, −8.59), brain edema (P < 0.00001, MD = −4.64, 95%CI: −5.38, −3.90), and neuronal cell apoptosis (P < 0.0001, MD = −12.21, 95%CI: 18.05, −6.37). Meanwhile, the meta-analysis shows that XNJI has a significant anti-inflammatory effect, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β are significantly reduced by XNJI (P = 0.001, MD = −4.13, 95%CI:−6.68, −1.58; P < 0.00001, MD = −119.23, 95%CI: −138.04, −100.43; P = 0.21, MD = −228.69, 95% CI: −586.20, 128.83). Additionally, XNJI could raise the body's antioxidant function and the level of SOD and GSH-Px (P = 0.002, MD = 53.02, 95% CI: −20.52, 85.78; P = 0.01, MD = 8.65, 95% CI: 1.77, 15.48) and decrease the level of MDA (P < 0.00001, MD = −4.16, 95% CI: −5.50, −2.82). Conclusion XNJI might be effective in cerebral ischemia by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.
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Li X, Huang X, Tang Y, Zhao F, Cao Y, Yin L, Li G. Assessing the Pharmacological and Therapeutic Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Liangxue Tongyu Prescription for Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke in Neurological Disease Models. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1169. [PMID: 30459599 PMCID: PMC6232344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a fatal subtype of stroke, with crucial impact on public health. Surgical removal of the hematoma as an early-stage treatment for ICH can't improve long-term prognosis remarkably. Liangxue tongyu prescription (LP), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, includes eight ingredients and has been used to treat ICH in the clinical. In the study, we elucidated the pharmacological efficacy and therapeutic efficacy of LP to dissect the mechanism of LP against ICH via network analysis and experimental validation. First, we discovered 34 potential compounds and 146 corresponding targets in LP based on network prediction. 24 signal pathway were obtained by the Clue Go assay based on potential compounds in LP against ICH. Second, we found that LP can not only decreased the level of high sensitive C reactive protein (HS-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), NF-kβ, D-dimmer (D2D), estradiol (E2), S-100B, neuron specific enolase (NSE), and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in plasma on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but also promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis on the glutamate-induced PC12 cell. The compounds including Taurine, Paeonol, and Ginsenoside Rb1 in LP can activate PI3K/AKT pathway. Third, from the three-factor two-level factorial design, compound combinations in LP, such as Taurine and Paeonol, Taurine and Geniposide, Ginsenoside Rg1, and Ginsenoside Rb1, had first-level interactions on cell proliferation. Compound combinations including Taurine and Paeonol, Ginsenoside Rg1 and Ginsenoside Rb1 had as significant increase in efficiency on inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells at the low concentration and up-regulating of PI3K and AKT. Overall, our results suggested that LP had integrated therapeutic effect on ICH due to activities of anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulation, blood vessel protection, and protection neuron from excitotoxicity based on the way of "multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway," and compound combination in LP can offer protection neuron from excitotoxicity at the low concentration by activation of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Jiangsu Wujin Vocational School, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanlin Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmei Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guochun Li
- College of Preclinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chen H, Shen J, Li H, Zheng X, Kang D, Xu Y, Chen C, Guo H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABA A receptor expression. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:86-95. [PMID: 32095096 PMCID: PMC7033341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R+Rb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1 × 109 CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABAA receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dian Kang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, He Y, Zhou S, Fan G, Yang H, Zhu Y, Li P. An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy for determining combinatorial bioactive ingredients of a compound herbal medicine Qishen Yiqi dripping pills. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:288-298. [PMID: 29572106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qishen Yiqi is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine formula with "qi invigorating and blood activating" property. Its dripping pill preparation (QSYQ) is a commercial herbal medicine approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2003 and is extensively used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart failure and angina pectoris, as well as for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. However, the bioactive ingredients of QSYQ remain unclear. As QSYQ is a compound herbal formula, it is of great importance to elucidate its pharmacologically active ingredients and underlying synergetic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This experimental study was conducted to comprehensively determine the combinatorial bioactive ingredients (CBIs) in QSYQ and to elucidate their potential synergetic effects. The established strategy may shed new light on how to rapidly determine CBIs in complex herbal formulas with holistic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy was introduced and validated to determine CBIs in QSYQ. The strategy included the following steps: (1) Chemical ingredients in QSYQ were analyzed via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS in the negative and positive modes and were identified by comparison with standard compounds and previously reported data. Their potential therapeutic activities were predicted based on the ChEMBL database to preliminarily search for candidate bioactive ingredients, and their combination was defined as the CBIs. (2) The CBIs were directly trapped and prepared from QSYQ with a two-dimensional chromatographic separation system, and the remaining part was defined as the rest ingredients (RIs). (3) As animal and cell models, left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-induced heart failure in rats and hypoxia-induced cardiac myocyte injury in H9c2 cells were applied to compare the potency of QSYQ, CBIs and RIs. (4) The synergetic effects on cardiac myocyte protection of multiple ingredients in CBIs were examined in this cell model. RESULTS (1) Forty-three ingredients in QSYQ were identified via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Based on evidence-based screening using the ChEMBL database, 24 ingredients were predicted to be bioactive ingredients, and their combination was considered the CBIs. (2) The CBIs and RIs were successfully prepared according to a two-dimensional chromatographic system. The CBIs were directly trapped and knocked out from QSYQ by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The remaining part was used as RIs. (3) The results from pharmacological evaluation revealed that CBIs and QSYQ, but not RIs, significantly prevented myocardium injury; improved the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS); decreased the release of cardiac enzymes, including CK, CK-MB, and LDH; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction; and protected the cell nucleus number and mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, QSYQ and CBIs possessed similar potency. (4) In hypoxia-stimulated H9c2 cells, CBIs showed far greater potency regarding the protection of cardiac myocyte injury than the individual ingredients in QSYQ, exhibiting obvious synergetic effects. CONCLUSIONS An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy was successfully established and validated to determine CBIs from QSYQ with excellent efficiency. Importantly, the holistic property of QSYQ was retained in the CBIs. Hence, this study may shed new light on how to rapidly reveal combinatorial bioactive ingredients from complex prescriptions and will be greatly helpful in the establishment of an appropriate approach to quality control for herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zheng M, Xin Y, Li Y, Xu F, Xi X, Guo H, Cui X, Cao H, Zhang X, Han C. Ginsenosides: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8174345. [PMID: 29854792 PMCID: PMC5964429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8174345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Ginsenosides are the major constituents of ginseng. Ginsenosides have the unique biological activity and medicinal value, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, and inhibition of cell apoptosis. With the increase of stress in life, the incidence of nervous system diseases is also increasing. Neurological diseases pose a huge burden on people's life and health. In recent years, some studies have shown that ginsenosides have a certain role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. However, the research is still in its infancy, and the relevant mechanisms are complex. In the paper, we review the effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides on epilepsy, depression, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of nervous system diseases by ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yizhou Xin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Fangxue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Panax Notoginseng Saponins: A Review of Its Mechanisms of Antidepressant or Anxiolytic Effects and Network Analysis on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040940. [PMID: 29673237 PMCID: PMC6017639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, as traditional Chinese medicine, has a long history of high clinical value, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of blood glucose and blood pressure, inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, and neuronal protection, and its main ingredients are Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Currently, Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen may improve mental function, have anti-insomnia and anti-depression effects, alleviate anxiety, and decrease neural network excitation. However, the underlying effects and the mechanisms of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen and its containing chemical constituents (PNS) on these depression-related or anxiety-related diseases has not been completely established. This review summarized the antidepressant or anxiolytic effects and mechanisms of PNS and analyzed network targets of antidepressant or anxiolytic actions with network pharmacology tools to provide directions and references for further pharmacological studies and new ideas for clinical treatment of nervous system diseases and drug studies and development. The review showed PNS and its components may exert these effects through regulating neurotransmitter mechanism (5-HT, DA, NE), modulation of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission, glutamatergic system, hypo-thalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its intracellular signaling pathways in the central nervous system; and produce neuronal protection by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, or inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, or platelet aggregation and its intracellular signaling pathways. Network target analysis indicated PNS and its components also may have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, which leads to the preservation of brain nerves, and regulate the activity and secretion of nerve cells, exerting anti-depression and anxiolytic effects, which may provide new directions for further in-depth researches of related mechanisms.
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Chen CC, Chang LC, Yao CH, Hsu YM, Lin JH, Yang TY, Chen YH, Chen YS. Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Macrophages Are Involved in Astragalus membranaceus-Mediated Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:69-86. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is one of 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have shown that AM extract can be a potential nerve growth-promoting factor, being beneficial for the growth of peripheral nerve axons. We further investigated the effects of AM extract on regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Rats were divided into three groups ([Formula: see text]): normal saline (intraperitoneal) as the control, and 1.5[Formula: see text]g/kg or 3.0[Formula: see text]g/kg of AM extract (every other day for four weeks), respectively. We evaluated neuronal electrophysiology, neuronal connectivity, macrophage infiltration, expression levels and location of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and expression levels of both nerve growth factors (NGFs) and immunoregulatory factors. In the high-dose AM group, neuronal electrophysiological function (measured by nerve conductive velocity and its latency) was significantly improved ([Formula: see text]). Expression levels of CGRP and macrophage density were also drastically enhanced ([Formula: see text]). Expression levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), NGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text], interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon (IFN)-[Formula: see text] were reduced in the high-dose AM group ([Formula: see text]), while FGF, NGF, PDGF, IL-1, and IFN-[Formula: see text] were increased in the low-dose AM group ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that AM can modulate local inflammatory conditions, enhance nerve regeneration, and potentially increase recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chia Chen
- Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chuan Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li H, Zhang Y, Min J, Gao L, Zhang R, Yang Y. Astragaloside IV attenuates orbital inflammation in Graves' orbitopathy through suppression of autophagy. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:117-127. [PMID: 29127443 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye. Astragaloside IV (AS-VI) is the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici). AS-IV exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and shows therapeutic potential in a number of ischemic and inflammatory diseases; however, its pharmaceutical activities in GO remain undefined. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of AS-IV on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced orbital fibroblast inflammation in vitro and GO orbital inflammation and ocular histopathological changes in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results show that IL-1β increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in cultured orbital fibroblasts. This IL-1β-induced inflammation was accompanied by increased autophagic activity as reflected in increased Beclin-1 and Agt-5 expression, as well as LC3-I to LC3-II conversion. Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and bafilomycin A1, or silencing of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and Atg-5, prevented IL-1β-induced orbital fibroblast inflammation, while pretreatment with the autophagy activator rapamycin had the opposite effects. These data suggested that autophagy was involved in GO orbital inflammation. AS-IV treatment significantly decreased IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokine production in orbital fibroblasts in vitro and attenuated GO orbital inflammation, fat accumulation, collagen deposition, and macrophage infiltration in vivo. These in vitro and in vivo protective effects of AS-IV against GO were accompanied by decreased autophagic activities in orbital fibroblasts and GO orbital tissues, respectively. Collectively, our findings suggested that AS-IV protects against GO through suppression of autophagy. Thus, AS-IV may have preventive benefits for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longhua Affiliated Hospital, 725 South Wanpin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longhua Affiliated Hospital, 725 South Wanpin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longhua Affiliated Hospital, 725 South Wanpin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longhua Affiliated Hospital, 725 South Wanpin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longhua Affiliated Hospital, 725 South Wanpin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longhua Affiliated Hospital, 725 South Wanpin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Xiao J, Li X, Chen H, Kang D, Shao Y, Shen B, Zhu Z, Yin X, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Low Cerebral Exposure Cannot Hinder the Neuroprotective Effects of Panax Notoginsenosides. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 46:53-65. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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45
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Qi Y, Gao F, Hou L, Wan C. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunostimulatory Activities of Astragalosides. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1157-1167. [PMID: 28830214 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1750063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge (Huang-Qi) is a well-known herbal medicine with tonic property and has been widely used to treat cancer and other immune disorders in China and Southeast Asia for thousands of years. Accumulating evidence suggests that Huang-Qi possesses both immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory/immune-regulatory effects clinically, leaving the mechanism elusive. Recently, we discovered that Astragaloside (ASI), a major active component of Huang-Qi, is able to increase CD45 phosphatase activity. In this paper, we reviewed the recent progress of ASIs in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, including the induction of T-cell activation, regulation of effector/regulatory T-cell balance, enhancement of CD45 phosphatase activity, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine and, NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway. Finally, we hypothesized that inducing interferon-[Formula: see text] (IFN-[Formula: see text]) activity by activating CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) may be involved in the protective role of ASI in two contrary immune-associated diseases. These pharmacological properties highlight the traditional uses of Astragalus and provide a new direction for subsequent research and the clinical application of this traditional herbal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- * Central Laboratory, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- † College of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Basis & New Drugs Research, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Hou
- ‡ Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chunping Wan
- * Central Laboratory, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, P. R. China
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Wang J, Li Y, Huang WH, Zeng XC, Li XH, Li J, Zhou J, Xiao J, Xiao B, Ouyang DS, Hu K. The Protective Effect of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Against Status Epilepticus by Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Necroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:557-573. [PMID: 28387136 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine which exhibits anti-oxidative stress ability and neuro-protective effects. Aucubin is the predominant component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Our present study is intended to investigate aucubin's potential protective effects on neurons against epilepsy in the hippocampus by establishing the lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model in vivo. Aucubin (at a low dose and a high dose of 5[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg, respectively) was administered through gavage for two weeks before lithium-pilocarpine injection. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 24 and 72[Formula: see text]h after SE induction. Pretreatment with both low-dose and high-dose aucubin significantly reduced the number of death neurons ([Formula: see text]) and increased the number of surviving neurons ([Formula: see text]) in DG, Hilus, CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions post SE. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited necroptosis proteins (MLKL and RIP-1) ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]) and enhanced autophagy protein (Beclin-1 and LC3BII/LC3BI) prevalence in the hippocampus ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]). In conclusion, aucubin appeared to ameliorate damages in lithium-pilocarpine induced SE in hippocampus, reduce the number of apoptotic neurons, and increased the number of survival neurons by inducing autophagy and inhibiting necroptosis. These original findings might provide an important basis for the further investigation of the therapeutic role of aucubin in treatment or prevention of epilepsy-related neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- ** Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- †† Department of Healthy Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Chang Zeng
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- ** Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- ‡ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- § Medical Science Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- ¶ Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- * Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ouyang
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Kai Hu
- * Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
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Wan JY, Wang CZ, Zhang QH, Liu Z, Musch MW, Bissonnette M, Chang EB, Li P, Qi LW, Yuan CS. Significant difference in active metabolite levels of ginseng in humans consuming Asian or Western diet: The link with enteric microbiota. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31:10.1002/bmc.3851. [PMID: 27606833 PMCID: PMC5339059 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
After ingestion of ginseng, the bioavailability of its parent compounds is low and enteric microbiota plays an important role in parent compound biotransformation to their metabolites. Diet type can influence the enteric microbiota profile. When human subjects on different diets ingest ginseng, their different gut microbiota profiles may influence the metabolism of ginseng parent compounds. In this study, the effects of different diet type on gut microbiota metabolism of American ginseng saponins were investigated. We recruited six healthy adults who regularly consumed different diet types. These subjects received 7 days' oral American ginseng, and their biological samples were collected for LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. We observed significant ginsenoside Rb1 (a major parent compound) and compound K (a major active metabolite) level differences in the samples from the subjects consuming different diets. Subjects on an Asian diet had much higher Rb1 levels but much lower compound K levels compared with those on a Western diet. Since compound K possesses much better cancer chemoprevention potential, our data suggested that consumers on a Western diet should obtain better cancer prevention effects with American ginseng intake compared with those on an Asian diet. Ginseng compound levels could be enhanced or reduced via gut microbiota manipulation for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark W. Musch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Hu X, Liu S, Liu X, Zhang J, Liang Y, Li Y. DPP-4 (CD26) inhibitor sitagliptin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on rat insulinoma (RINm) cells via suppressing NF-κB activation. Endocrine 2017; 55:754-763. [PMID: 27612849 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26), a cell surface glycoprotein, is expressed by a variety of cells. It has been shown that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) is involved in T cell activation. Nonetheless, its role in inflammatory effects in islet β cells has not been well investigated. In this study, we used sitagliptin, a classic inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26), to research the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) on the activation of NF-κB, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and cell apoptosis in rat insulinoma cells. Results showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) was expressed on the surface of rat insulinoma cells. Lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by sitagliptin treatment in rat insulinoma cells. Furthermore, sitagliptin treatment reduced cell apoptosis stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, this study showed for the first time that sitagliptin suppressed NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines expression in rat insulinoma cells, suggesting that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor may exert direct anti-inflammatory effects in islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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49
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Huang XP, Ding H, Yang XQ, Li JX, Tang B, Liu XD, Tang YH, Deng CQ. Synergism and mechanism of Astragaloside IV combined with Ginsenoside Rg1 against autophagic injury of PC12 cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:124-134. [PMID: 28219050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect by which the combination of Astragaloside IV (AST IV) and Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) resisted autophagic injury in PC12 cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). We studied the nature of the interaction between AST IV and Rg1 that inhibited autophagy through the Isobologram method, and investigated the synergistic mechanism via the PI3K I/Akt/mTOR and PI3K III/Becline-1/Bcl-2 signaling pathways. Our results showed that, based on the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50), AST IV combined with Rg1 at a 1:1 ratio resulted in a synergistic effect, whereas the combination of the two had an antagonistic effect on autophagy at ratios of 1:2 and 2:1. Meanwhile, AST IV and Rg1 alone increased cell survival and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage induced by OGD/R, reduced autophagosomes and the LC3 II positive patch, down-regulated the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and up-regulated the p62 protein; the 1:1 combination enhanced these effects. Mechanistic study showed that Rg1 and the 1:1 combination increased the phosphorylation of PI3K I, Akt and mTOR; the effects of the combination were greater than those of the drugs alone. AST IV and the 1:1 combination suppressed the expression of PI3K III and Becline-1, and the combination elevated Bcl-2 protein expression; the effects of the combination were better than those of the drugs alone. These results suggest that after 2 h-OGD followed by reoxygenation for 24h, PC12 cells suffer excessive autophagy and damage, which are blocked by AST IV or Rg1; moreover, the combination of AST IV and Rg1 at a 1:1 ratio of their IC50 concentrations has a synergistic inhibition on autophagic injury. The synergistic mechanism may be associated with the PI3K I/Akt/mTOR and PI3K III/Becline-1/Bcl-2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Huang
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Huang Ding
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Jing-Xian Li
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Biao Tang
- Hunan Education Department's Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Technology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Hunan Education Department's Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Technology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Ying-Hong Tang
- Hunan Education Department's Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Technology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Chang-Qing Deng
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China.
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50
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Dai D, Zhang CF, Williams S, Yuan CS, Wang CZ. Ginseng on Cancer: Potential Role in Modulating Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:13-22. [PMID: 28068835 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a regulated process integral to many physiological and pathological situations, including carcinogenesis and tumor growth. The majority of the angiogenic processes are related to inflammation. The interplay is not only important in the case of pathogen entry but also influential in chronic inflammatory diseases, tumor growth and tissue regeneration. Modulating the interaction between inflammation and angiogenesis could be an important target for cancer treatment and wound healing alike. Ginseng has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis-modulating activities. This paper presents the recent research progresses on the inhibition of angiogenesis by ginseng and its active constituents, with a particular focus on processes mediated by inflammation. The modulatory role of ginseng compounds in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis involving hypoxia and microRNAs are also discussed. With the potential to modulate the angiogenesis at the transcriptional, translational and protein signaling level via various different mechanisms, ginseng could prove to be effective in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Dai
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.,† Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.,† Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephanie Williams
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.,† Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.,† Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.,‡ Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.,† Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
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