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Jiang T, Ruan N, Luo P, Wang Q, Wei X, Li Y, Dai Y, Lin L, Lv J, Liu Y, Zhang C. Modulation of ER-mitochondria tethering complex VAPB-PTPIP51: Novel therapeutic targets for aging-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102320. [PMID: 38719161 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual and irreversible natural process. With aging, the body experiences a functional decline, and the effects amplify the vulnerability to a range of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Within the aging process, the morphology and function of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergo alterations, particularly in the structure connecting these organelles known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). MAMs serve as vital intracellular signaling hubs, facilitating communication between the ER and mitochondria when regulating various cellular events, including calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. The formation of MAMs is partly dependent on the interaction between the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein-B (VAPB) and protein tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein-51 (PTPIP51). Accumulating evidence has begun to elucidate the pivotal role of the VAPB-PTPIP51 tether in the initiation and progression of age-related diseases. In this study, we delineate the intricate structure and multifunctional role of the VAPB-PTPIP51 tether and discuss its profound implications in aging-associated diseases. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive overview of potential therapeutic interventions and pharmacological agents targeting the VAPB-PTPIP51-mediated MAMs, thereby offering a glimmer of hope in mitigating aging processes and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiuxian Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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2
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Mintz Hemed N, Hwang FJ, Zhao ET, Ding JB, Melosh NA. Multiplexed neurochemical sensing with sub-nM sensitivity across 2.25 mm 2 area. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116474. [PMID: 38870827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Multichannel arrays capable of real-time sensing of neuromodulators in the brain are crucial for gaining insights into new aspects of neural communication. However, measuring neurochemicals, such as dopamine, at low concentrations over large areas has proven challenging. In this research, we demonstrate a novel approach that leverages the scalability and processing power offered by microelectrode array devices integrated with a functionalized, high-density microwire bundle, enabling electrochemical sensing at an unprecedented scale and spatial resolution. The sensors demonstrate outstanding selective molecular recognition by incorporating a selective polymeric membrane. By combining cutting-edge commercial multiplexing, digitization, and data acquisition hardware with a bio-compatible and highly sensitive neurochemical interface array, we establish a powerful platform for neurochemical analysis. This multichannel array has been successfully utilized in vitro and ex vivo systems. Notably, our results show a sensing area of 2.25 mm2 with an impressive detection limit of 820 pM for dopamine. This new approach paves the way for investigating complex neurochemical processes and holds promise for advancing our understanding of brain function and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Mintz Hemed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fuu-Jiun Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eric T Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Fernández-Vega L, Meléndez-Rodríguez DE, Ospina-Alejandro M, Casanova K, Vázquez Y, Cunci L. Development of a Neuropeptide Y-Sensitive Implantable Microelectrode for Continuous Measurements. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2645-2652. [PMID: 38709872 PMCID: PMC11127761 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the development of the first implantable aptamer-based platinum microelectrode for continuous measurement of a nonelectroactive molecule, neuropeptide Y (NPY). The aptamer immobilization was performed via conjugation chemistry and characterized using cyclic voltammetry before and after the surface modification. The redox label, methylene blue (MB), was attached at the end of the aptamer sequence and characterized using square wave voltammetry (SWV). NPY standard solutions in a three-electrode cell were used to test three aptamers in steady-state measurement using SWV for optimization. The aptamer with the best performance in the steady-state measurements was chosen, and continuous measurements were performed in a flow cell system using intermittent pulse amperometry. Dynamic measurements were compared against confounding and similar peptides such as pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY, as well as somatostatin to determine the selectivity in the same modified microelectrode. Our Pt-microelectrode aptamer-based NPY biosensor provides signals 10 times higher for NPY compared to the confounding molecules. This proof-of-concept shows the first potential implantable microelectrode that is selectively sensitive to NPY concentration changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fernández-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | | | - Mónica Ospina-Alejandro
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Karina Casanova
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Yolimar Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Lisandro Cunci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
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4
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Dunham KE, Venton BJ. Electrochemical and biosensor techniques to monitor neurotransmitter changes with depression. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2301-2318. [PMID: 38289354 PMCID: PMC10950978 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness. However, its current treatments, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and micro-dosing ketamine, are extremely variable between patients and not well understood. Three neurotransmitters: serotonin, histamine, and glutamate, have been proposed to be key mediators of depression. This review focuses on analytical methods to quantify these neurotransmitters to better understand neurological mechanisms of depression and how they are altered during treatment. To quantitatively measure serotonin and histamine, electrochemical techniques such as chronoamperometry and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) have been improved to study how specific molecular targets, like transporters and receptors, change with antidepressants and inflammation. Specifically, these studies show that different SSRIs have unique effects on serotonin reuptake and release. Histamine is normally elevated during stress, and a new inflammation hypothesis of depression links histamine and cytokine release. Electrochemical measurements revealed that stress increases histamine, decreases serotonin, and leads to changes in cytokines, like interleukin-6. Biosensors can also measure non-electroactive neurotransmitters, including glutamate and cytokines. In particular, new genetic sensors have shown how glutamate changes with chronic stress, as well as with ketamine treatment. These techniques have been used to characterize how ketamine changes glutamate and serotonin, and to understand how it is different from SSRIs. This review briefly outlines how these electrochemical techniques work, but primarily highlights how they have been used to understand the mechanisms of depression. Future studies should explore multiplexing techniques and personalized medicine using biomarkers in order to investigate multi-analyte changes to antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Dunham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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5
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Zhong Y, Liu MM, Li JC, Lu TC, Cao X, Yang YJ, Lei Y, Liu AL. In vitro drug screening models derived from different PC12 cell lines for exploring Parkinson's disease based on electrochemical signals of catecholamine neurotransmitters. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:170. [PMID: 38427110 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanostructures and a Nafion modified screen-printed carbon electrode (Nafion/AuNS/SPCE) were developed to assess the cell viability of Parkinson's disease (PD) cell models. The electrochemical measurement of cell viability was reflected by catecholamine neurotransmitter (represented by dopamine) secretion capacity, followed by a traditional tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for confirmation. Due to the capacity to synthesize, store, and release catecholamines as well as their unlimited homogeneous proliferation, and ease of manipulation, pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were used for PD cell modeling. Commercial low-differentiated and highly-differentiated PC12 cells, and home-made nerve growth factor (NGF) induced low-differentiated PC12 cells (NGF-differentiated PC12 cells) were included in the modeling. This approach achieved sensitive and rapid determination of cellular modeling and intervention states. Notably, among the three cell lines, NGF-differentiated PC12 cells displayed the enhanced neurotransmitter secretion level accompanied with attenuated growth rate, incremental dendrites in number and length that were highly resemble with neurons. Therefore, it was selected as the PD-tailorable modeling cell line. In short, the electrochemical sensor can be used to sensitively determine the biological function of neuron-like PC12 cells with negligible destruction and to explore the protective and regenerative impact of various substances on nerve cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Tai-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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6
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Watanabe H, Dijkstra JM, Nagatsu T. Parkinson's Disease: Cells Succumbing to Lifelong Dopamine-Related Oxidative Stress and Other Bioenergetic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2009. [PMID: 38396687 PMCID: PMC10888576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The core pathological event in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the specific dying of dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The reasons why SNc DA neurons are especially vulnerable and why idiopathic PD has only been found in humans are still puzzling. The two main underlying factors of SNc DA neuron vulnerability appear related to high DA production, namely (i) the toxic effects of cytoplasmic DA metabolism and (ii) continuous cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in the absence of the Ca2+-buffer protein calbindin. Both factors cause oxidative stress by producing highly reactive quinones and increasing intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, respectively. High DA expression in human SNc DA neuron cell bodies is suggested by the abundant presence of the DA-derived pigment neuromelanin, which is not found in such abundance in other species and has been associated with toxicity at higher levels. The oxidative stress created by their DA production system, despite the fact that the SN does not use unusually high amounts of energy, explains why SNc DA neurons are sensitive to various genetic and environmental factors that create mitochondrial damage and thereby promote PD. Aging increases multiple risk factors for PD, and, to a large extent, PD is accelerated aging. To prevent PD neurodegeneration, possible approaches that are discussed here are (1) reducing cytoplasmic DA accumulation, (2) blocking cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations, and (3) providing bioenergetic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Johannes M. Dijkstra
- Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Nagatsu
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan;
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7
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Stuber A, Nakatsuka N. Aptamer Renaissance for Neurochemical Biosensing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2552-2563. [PMID: 38236046 PMCID: PMC10832038 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the complexities of brain function, which is crucial for advancing human health, remains a grand challenge. This endeavor demands precise monitoring of small molecules such as neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers in the brain. In this Perspective, we explore the potential of aptamers, selective synthetic bioreceptors integrated into electronic affinity platforms to address limitations in neurochemical biosensing. We emphasize the importance of characterizing aptamer thermodynamics and target binding to realize functional biosensors in biological systems. We focus on two label-free affinity platforms spanning the micro- to nanoscale: field-effect transistors and nanopores. Integration of well-characterized structure-switching aptamers overcame nonspecific binding, a challenge that has hindered the translation of biosensors from the lab to the clinic. In a transformative era driven by neuroscience breakthroughs, technological innovations, and multidisciplinary collaborations, an aptamer renaissance holds the potential to bridge technological gaps and reshape the landscape of diagnostics and neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Stuber
- Laboratory for Biosensors
and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory for Biosensors
and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Cho W, Jung M, Yoon SH, Jeon J, Oh MA, Kim JY, Park M, Kang CM, Chung TD. On-Site Formation of Functional Dopaminergic Presynaptic Terminals on Neuroligin-2-Modified Gold-Coated Microspheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3082-3092. [PMID: 38206769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in neural interface technologies have enabled the direct connection of neurons and electronics, facilitating chemical communication between neural systems and external devices. One promising approach is a synaptogenesis-involving method, which offers an opportunity for synaptic signaling between these systems. Janus synapses, one type of synaptic interface utilizing synaptic cell adhesion molecules for interface construction, possess unique features that enable the determination of location, direction of signal flow, and types of neurotransmitters involved, promoting directional and multifaceted communication. This study presents the first successful establishment of a Janus synapse between dopaminergic (DA) neurons and abiotic substrates by using a neuroligin-2 (NLG2)-mediated synapse-inducing method. NLG2 immobilized on gold-coated microspheres can induce synaptogenesis upon contact with spatially isolated DA axons. The induced DA Janus synapses exhibit stable synaptic activities comparable to that of native synapses over time, suggesting their suitability for application in neural interfaces. By calling for DA presynaptic organizations, the NLG2-immobilized abiotic substrate is a promising tool for the on-site detection of synaptic dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Heui Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ah Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mu Kang
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kimble L, Twiddy JS, Berger JM, Forderhase AG, McCarty GS, Meitzen J, Sombers LA. Simultaneous, Real-Time Detection of Glutamate and Dopamine in Rat Striatum Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4091-4100. [PMID: 37962541 PMCID: PMC10683757 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate and dopamine (DA) represent two key contributors to striatal functioning, a region of the brain that is essential to motor coordination and motivated behavior. While electroanalytical techniques can be utilized for rapid, spatially resolved detection of DA in the interferent-rich brain environment, glutamate, a nonelectroactive analyte, cannot be directly detected using electroanalytical techniques. However, it can be probed using enzyme-based sensors, which generate an electroactive reporter in the presence of glutamate. The vast majority of glutamate biosensors have relied on amperometric sensing, which is an inherently nonselective detection technique. This approach necessitates the use of complex and performance-limiting modifications to ensure the desired single-analyte specificity. Here, we present a novel glutamate microbiosensor fabricated on a carbon-fiber microelectrode substrate and coupled with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to enable the simultaneous quantification of glutamate and DA at single recording sites in the brain, which is impossible when using typical amperometric approaches. The glutamate microbiosensors were characterized for sensitivity, stability, and selectivity by using a voltammetric waveform optimized for the simultaneous detection of both species. The applicability of these sensors for the investigation of neural circuits was validated in the rat ventral striatum. Electrically evoked glutamate and DA release were recorded at single-micrometer-scale locations before and after pharmacological manipulation of glutamatergic signaling. Our novel glutamate microbiosensor advances the state of the art by providing a powerful tool for probing coordination between these two species in a way that has previously not been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laney
C. Kimble
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jack S. Twiddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jenna M. Berger
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexandra G. Forderhase
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory S. McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - John Meitzen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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10
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Zakirjanova GF, Giniatullin AR, Gafurova CR, Malomouzh AI, Fedorov NS, Khaziev AN, Tsentsevitsky AN, Petrov AM. Effects of cholesterol oxidase on neurotransmission and acetylcholine levels at the mice neuromuscular junctions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 749:109803. [PMID: 37955112 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol oxidation is a hallmark of redox and metabolic imbalance, and it may accompany neurodegenerative disorders. Using microelectrode recordings of postsynaptic responses as well as fluorescent dyes for monitoring synaptic vesicle cycling and membrane properties, the action of enzymatic cholesterol oxidation on neuromuscular transmission was studied in the mice diaphragms. Cholesterol oxidase (ChO) at low concentration disturbed lipid-ordering specifically in the synaptic membranes, but it did not change markedly spontaneous exocytosis and evoked release in response to single stimuli. At low external Ca2+ conditions, analysis of single exocytotic events revealed a decrease in minimal synaptic delay and the probability of exocytosis upon plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation. At moderate- and high-frequency activity, ChO treatment enhanced both neurotransmitter and FM-dye release. Furthermore, it precluded a change in exocytotic mode from full-fusion to kiss-and-run during high-frequency stimulation. Accumulation of extracellular acetylcholine (without stimulation) dependent on vesamicol-sensitive transporters was suppressed by ChO. The effects of plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation on both neurotransmitter/dye release at intense activity and external acetylcholine levels were reversed when synaptic vesicle membranes were also exposed to ChO (i.e., the enzyme treatment was combined with induction of exo-endocytotic cycling). Thus, we suggest that plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation affects exocytotic machinery functioning, enhances synaptic vesicle recruitment to the exocytosis and decreases extracellular neurotransmitter levels at rest, whereas ChO acting on synaptic vesicle membranes suppresses the participation of the vesicles in the subsequent exocytosis and increases the neurotransmitter leakage. The mechanisms underlying ChO action can be related to the lipid raft disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Arthur R Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Chulpan R Gafurova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan National Research Technical University, 10, K. Marx Street, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Nikita S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Arthur N Khaziev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia; Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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11
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Tzouvadaki I, Gkoupidenis P, Vassanelli S, Wang S, Prodromakis T. Interfacing Biology and Electronics with Memristive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210035. [PMID: 36829290 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Memristive technologies promise to have a large impact on modern electronics, particularly in the areas of reconfigurable computing and artificial intelligence (AI) hardware. Meanwhile, the evolution of memristive materials alongside the technological progress is opening application perspectives also in the biomedical field, particularly for implantable and lab-on-a-chip devices where advanced sensing technologies generate a large amount of data. Memristive devices are emerging as bioelectronic links merging biosensing with computation, acting as physical processors of analog signals or in the framework of advanced digital computing architectures. Recent developments in the processing of electrical neural signals, as well as on transduction and processing of chemical biomarkers of neural and endocrine functions, are reviewed. It is concluded with a critical perspective on the future applicability of memristive devices as pivotal building blocks in bio-AI fusion concepts and bionic schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Tzouvadaki
- Centre for Microsystems Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Stefano Vassanelli
- NeuroChip Laboratory and Padova Neuroscience Centre, University of Padova, Padova, 35129, Italy
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Themis Prodromakis
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
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12
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Gerson J, Erdal MK, McDonough MH, Ploense KL, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Honeywell KM, Leung KK, Arroyo-Curras N, Gibson JM, Emmons NA, Meiring W, Hespanha JP, Plaxco KW, Kippin TE. High-precision monitoring of and feedback control over drug concentrations in the brains of freely moving rats. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3254. [PMID: 37196087 PMCID: PMC10191434 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of drug concentrations in the brains of behaving subjects remains constrained on a number of dimensions, including poor temporal resolution and lack of real-time data. Here, however, we demonstrate the ability of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors to support seconds-resolved, real-time measurements of drug concentrations in the brains of freely moving rats. Specifically, using such sensors, we achieve <4 μM limits of detection and 10-s resolution in the measurement of procaine in the brains of freely moving rats, permitting the determination of the pharmacokinetics and concentration-behavior relations of the drug with high precision for individual subjects. In parallel, we have used closed-loop feedback-controlled drug delivery to hold intracranial procaine levels constant (±10%) for >1.5 hours. These results demonstrate the utility of such sensors in (i) the determination of the site-specific, seconds-resolved neuropharmacokinetics, (ii) enabling the study of individual subject neuropharmacokinetics and concentration-response relations, and (iii) performing high-precision control over intracranial drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gerson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Murat Kaan Erdal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Matthew H. McDonough
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kyle L. Ploense
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Kevin M. Honeywell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kaylyn K. Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Netzahualcoyotl Arroyo-Curras
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jenny M. Gibson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nicole A. Emmons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Wendy Meiring
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joao P. Hespanha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kevin W. Plaxco
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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13
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Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Multi-Spatiotemporal Probing of Neurochemical Events by Advanced Electrochemical Sensing Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202208872. [PMID: 36284258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neurochemical events involving biosignals of different time and space dimensionalities constitute the complex basis of neurological functions and diseases. In view of this fact, electrochemical measurements enabling real-time quantification of neurochemicals at multiple levels of spatiotemporal resolution can provide informative clues to decode the molecular networks bridging vesicles and brains. This Minireview focuses on how scientific questions regarding the properties of single vesicles, neurotransmitter release kinetics, interstitial neurochemical dynamics, and multisignal interconnections in vivo have driven the design of electrochemical nano/microsensors, sensing interface engineering, and signal/data processing. An outlook for the future frontline in this realm will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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14
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Macdonald AR, Charlton F, Corrigan DK. Accelerating the development of implantable neurochemical biosensors by using existing clinically applied depth electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1137-1147. [PMID: 36456747 PMCID: PMC9899734 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an implantable stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) depth electrode was functionalised with an enzyme coating for enzyme-based biosensing of glucose and L-glutamate. This was done because personalised medicine could benefit from active real-time neurochemical monitoring on small spatial and temporal scales to further understand and treat neurological disorders. To achieve this, the sEEG depth electrode was characterised using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using several electrochemical redox mediators (potassium ferri/ferrocyanide, ruthenium hexamine chloride, and dopamine). To improve performance, the Pt sensors on the sEEG depth electrode were coated with platinum black and a crosslinked gelatin-enzyme film to enable enzymatic biosensing. This characterisation work showed that producing a useable electrode with a good electrochemical response showing the expected behaviour for a platinum electrode was possible. Coating with Pt black improved the sensitivity to H2O2 over unmodified electrodes and approached that of well-defined Pt macro disc electrodes. Measured current showed good dependence on concentration, and the calibration curves report good sensitivity of 29.65 nA/cm2/μM for glucose and 8.05 nA/cm2/μM for L-glutamate with a stable, repeatable, and linear response. These findings demonstrate that existing clinical electrode devices can be adapted for combined electrochemical and electrophysiological measurement in patients and obviate the need to develop new electrodes when existing clinically approved devices and the associated knowledge can be reused. This accelerates the time to use and application of in vivo and wearable biosensing for diagnosis, treatment, and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Macdonald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francessca Charlton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow, UK
| | - Damion K Corrigan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK.
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15
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Alhowail A. Mechanisms Underlying Cognitive Impairment Induced by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121667. [PMID: 36552126 PMCID: PMC9775935 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly used illicit substances among pregnant women. Clinical and experimental studies have revealed that prenatal alcohol exposure affects fetal brain development and ultimately results in the persistent impairment of the offspring's cognitive functions. Despite this, the rate of alcohol use among pregnant women has been progressively increasing. Various aspects of human and animal behavior, including learning and memory, are dependent on complex interactions between multiple mechanisms, such as receptor function, mitochondrial function, and protein kinase activation, which are especially vulnerable to alterations during the developmental period. Thus, the exploration of the mechanisms that are altered in response to prenatal alcohol exposure is necessary to develop an understanding of how homeostatic imbalance and various long-term neurobehavioral impairments manifest following alcohol abuse during pregnancy. There is evidence that prenatal alcohol exposure results in vast alterations in mechanisms such as long-term potentiation, mitochondrial function, and protein kinase activation in the brain of offspring. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are very few recent reviews that focus on the cognitive effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and the associated mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the recently reported alterations to various mechanisms following alcohol exposure during pregnancy, and to draw potential associations with behavioral changes in affected offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Micro- and nano-devices for electrochemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractElectrode miniaturization has profoundly revolutionized the field of electrochemical sensing, opening up unprecedented opportunities for probing biological events with a high spatial and temporal resolution, integrating electrochemical systems with microfluidics, and designing arrays for multiplexed sensing. Several technological issues posed by the desire for downsizing have been addressed so far, leading to micrometric and nanometric sensing systems with different degrees of maturity. However, there is still an endless margin for researchers to improve current strategies and cope with demanding sensing fields, such as lab-on-a-chip devices and multi-array sensors, brain chemistry, and cell monitoring. In this review, we present current trends in the design of micro-/nano-electrochemical sensors and cutting-edge applications reported in the last 10 years. Micro- and nanosensors are divided into four categories depending on the transduction mechanism, e.g., amperometric, impedimetric, potentiometric, and transistor-based, to best guide the reader through the different detection strategies and highlight major advancements as well as still unaddressed demands in electrochemical sensing.
Graphical Abstract
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17
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Sciurti E, Biscaglia F, Prontera C, Giampetruzzi L, Blasi L, Francioso L. Nanoelectrodes for Intracellular and Intercellular electrochemical detection: working principles, fabrication techniques and applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Guilbault S, Garrigue P, Garnier L, Pandard J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Sojic N, Arbault S. Design of optoelectrodes for the remote imaging of cells and in situ electrochemical detection of neurosecretory events. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108262. [PMID: 36130462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers have opened avenues for remote imaging, bioanalyses and recently optogenetics. Besides, miniaturized electrochemical sensors have offered new opportunities in sensing directly redox neurotransmitters. The combination of both optical and electrochemical approaches was usually performed on the platform of microscopes or within microsystems. In this work, we developed optoelectrodes which features merge the advantages of both optical fibers and microelectrodes. Optical fiber bundles were modified at one of their extremity by a transparent ITO deposit. The electrochemical responses of these ITO-modified bundles were characterized for the detection of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. The analytical performances of the optoelectrodes were equivalent to the ones reported for carbon microelectrodes. The remote imaging of model neurosecretory PC12 cells by optoelectrodes was performed upon cell-staining with common fluorescent dyes: acridine orange and calcein-AM. An optoelectrode placed by micromanipulation at a few micrometers-distance from the cells offered remote images with single cell resolution. Finally, in situ electrochemical sensing was demonstrated by additions of K+-secretagogue solutions near PC12 cells under observation, leading to exocytotic events detected as amperometric spikes at the ITO surface. Such dual sensors should pave the way for in vivo remote imaging, optogenetic stimulation, and simultaneous detection of neurosecretory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Guilbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Léo Garnier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Justine Pandard
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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19
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Gwon HJ, Lim D, Nam Y, Ahn HS. Quadruple nanoelectrode assembly for simultaneous analysis of multiple redox species and its application to multi-channel scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1226:340287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Dumitrescu E, Deshpande A, Wallace KN, Andreescu S. Time-Dependent Monitoring of Dopamine in the Brain of Live Embryonic Zebrafish Using Electrochemically Pretreated Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:261-270. [PMID: 36785866 PMCID: PMC9838818 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are involved in functions related to signaling, stress response, and pathological disorder development, and thus, their real-time monitoring at the site of production is important for observing the changes related to these disorders. Here, we demonstrate the first time-dependent quantification of dopamine in the brains of live zebrafish embryos using electrochemically pretreated carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) utilizing differential pulse voltammetry as the measurement technique. The pretreatment of the CFMEs in 0.1 M NaOH held at a potential of +1.0 V for 600 s improves the sensitivity toward dopamine and allows for reliable measurements in low ionic strength media. We demonstrate the measurement of extracellular dopamine concentrations in the zebrafish brain during late embryogenesis. The extracellular dopamine concentration in the tectum of zebrafish varies between 200 and 400 nM. The conventional pharmacological manipulation of neurotransmitter levels in the brain demonstrates the selective detection of dopamine at the implantation site. Exposure to the dopamine transporter inhibitor nomifensine induces an increase in extracellular dopamine from 201.9 (±34.9) nM to 352.2 (±20.0) nM, while exposure to the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine does not lead to a significant modulation of the measured signal. Furthermore, we report the quantitative assessment of the catecholamine stress response of embryos to tricaine, an anesthetic frequently used in zebrafish assays. Exposure to tricaine induces a short-lived increase in brain dopamine from 198.6 (±15.7) nM to a maximum of 278.8 (±14.0) nM. Thus, in vivo electrochemistry can detect real-time changes in zebrafish neurochemical physiology resulting from drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Dumitrescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson
University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States
| | - Aaditya Deshpande
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson
University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States
| | - Kenneth N. Wallace
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699-5805, United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson
University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States
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21
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Assessing the neurotoxicity of airborne nano-scale particulate matter in human iPSC-derived neurons using a transcriptomics benchmark dose model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Cao Q, Shao Z, Hensley D, Venton BJ. Carbon nanospike coated nanoelectrodes for measurements of neurotransmitters. Faraday Discuss 2022; 233:303-314. [PMID: 34889344 PMCID: PMC8983598 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanoelectrodes enable the detection of neurotransmitters at the level of single cells, vesicles, synapses and small brain structures. Previously, the etching of carbon fibers and 3D printing based on direct laser writing have been used to fabricate carbon nanoelectrodes, but these methods lack the ability of mass manufacturing. In this paper, we mass fabricate carbon nanoelectrodes by growing carbon nanospikes (CNSs) on metal wires. CNSs have a short, dense and defect-rich surface that produces remarkable electrochemical properties, and they can be mass fabricated on almost any substrate without using catalysts. Tungsten wires and niobium wires were electrochemically etched in batch to form sub micrometer sized tips, and a layer of CNSs was grown on the metal wires using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). The thickness of the CNS layer was controlled by the deposition time, and a thin layer of CNSs can effectively cover the entire metal surface while maintaining the tip size within the sub micrometer scale. The etched tungsten wires produced tapered conical nanotips, while the etched niobium wires were long and thin. Both showed excellent sensitivity for the detection of outer sphere ruthenium hexamine and the inner sphere test compound ferricyanide. The CNS nanosensors were used for the measurement of dopamine, serotonin, ascorbic acid and DOPAC with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. The CNS nanoelectrodes had a large surface area and numerous defect sites, which improved the sensitivity, electron transfer kinetics and adsorption. Finally, the CNS nanoelectrodes were compared with other nanoelectrode fabrication methods, including flame etching, 3D printing, and nanopipettes, which are slower to make and more difficult for mass fabrication. Thus, CNS nanoelectrodes are a promising strategy for the mass fabrication of nanoelectrode sensors for neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA.
| | - Zijun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA.
| | - Dale Hensley
- Center for Nanophase Material Science, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA.
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23
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Yue Q, Wang K, Guan M, Zhao Z, Li X, Yu P, Mao L. Single-Vesicle Electrochemistry Reveals Sex Difference in Vesicular Storage and Release of Catecholamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117596. [PMID: 35112448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of sex difference in vesicle chemistry (i.e., chemical storage and release) at the single-vesicle level are essential to understand sex differences in cognitive behaviors; however, such measurements are very challenging to conventional analytical methods. By using single-vesicle electrochemistry, we find the duration of single exocytotic events of chromaffin cells prepared from male rats is statistically longer than that from female rats, leading to more neurotransmitter released in the male group. Further analysis reveals that a higher percentage of vesicles in the female group release part of the neurotransmitter, i.e., partial release, during exocytosis than that in male group. This sex dimorphism in neurotransmitter release in exocytosis might relate to the sex difference in the expression of voltage-dependent calcium channels and membrane lipid composition. Our finding offers the first experimental evidence that sex dimorphism even exists in vesicle chemistry, providing a brand new viewpoint for understanding the sex dimorphism in exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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24
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Mo X, Liu M, Gong J, Mei Y, Chen H, Mo H, Yang X, Li J. PTPRM Is Critical for Synapse Formation Regulated by Zinc Ion. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:822458. [PMID: 35386272 PMCID: PMC8977644 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.822458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, the trace metal ion zinc is required for normal mammalian brain development and physiology. Zinc homeostasis is essential for the control of physiological and pathophysiological brain functions. Synapses, the junctions between neurons, are the center of the brain’s information transmission. Zinc deficiency or excess leads to neurological disorders. However, it is still unclear whether and how zinc ion regulates synapse formation. Here, we investigated the effect of zinc on synapse formation in a cultured neuron system, and found that synapse formation and synaptic transmission were regulated by zinc ions. Finally, we identified that PTPRM is the key gene involved in synapse formation regulated by zinc ions. This study provides a new perspective to understanding the regulation of brain function by zinc ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Mo
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Huidan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajun Mo
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Yang Jun Li
| | - Jun Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Yang Jun Li
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25
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Jia Q, Yang C, Venton BJ, DuBay KH. Atomistic Simulations of Dopamine Diffusion Dynamics on a Pristine Graphene Surface. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100783. [PMID: 34939307 PMCID: PMC9933135 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbon microelectrodes enable in vivo detection of neurotransmitters, and new electrodes aim to optimize the carbon surface. However, atomistic detail on the diffusion and orientation of neurotransmitters near these surfaces is lacking. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the surface diffusion of dopamine (DA), its oxidation product dopamine-o-quinone (DOQ), and their protonated forms on the pristine basal plane of flat graphene. We find that all DA species rapidly adsorb to the surface and remain adsorbed, even without a holding potential or graphene surface defects. We also find that the diffusivities of the adsorbed and the fully solvated DA are similar and that the protonated species diffuse more slowly on the surface than their corresponding neutral forms, while the oxidized species diffuse more rapidly. Structurally, we find that the underlying graphene lattice has little influence over the molecular adsorbate's lateral position, and the vertical placement of the amine group on dopamine is highly dependent upon its charge. Finally, we find that solvation has a large effect on surface diffusivities. These first results from molecular dynamics simulations of dopamine at the aqueous-graphene interface show that dopamine diffuses rapidly on the surface, even without an applied potential, and provide a basis for future simulations of neurotransmitter structure and dynamics on advanced carbon materials electrodes.
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Yue Q, Wang K, Guan M, Zhao Z, Li X, Yu P, Mao L. Single‐Vesicle Electrochemistry Reveals Sex Difference in Vesicular Storage and Release of Catecholamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ming Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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27
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Böhm J, Scherzer S. Signaling and transport processes related to the carnivorous lifestyle of plants living on nutrient-poor soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2017-2031. [PMID: 35235668 PMCID: PMC8890503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Eukaryotes, long-distance and rapid signal transmission is required in order to be able to react fast and flexibly to external stimuli. This long-distance signal transmission cannot take place by diffusion of signal molecules from the site of perception to the target tissue, as their speed is insufficient. Therefore, for adequate stimulus transmission, plants as well as animals make use of electrical signal transmission, as this can quickly cover long distances. This update summarises the most important advances in plant electrical signal transduction with a focus on the carnivorous Venus flytrap. It highlights the different types of electrical signals, examines their underlying ion fluxes and summarises the carnivorous processes downstream of the electrical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Su X, Li W, Li Z, Liu K, Song M, Shao M, Lv L, Chang X. Chronic developmental exposure to low-dose ([C8mim][PF6]) induces neurotoxicity and behavioural abnormalities in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112806. [PMID: 34555716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used for their physical and chemical properties. Toxicological assessments of ILs could help to avoid their threat to human health, but these are rarely reported, and no assessments of IL neurotoxicity in mammals have been performed. Here, we aimed to evaluate the neurotoxicity of chronic 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]) (0, 1 mg/kg) exposure during development on rats. Our results indicated that chronic exposure to low-dose ([C8mim][PF6]) induces behavioural abnormalities, including cognitive deficits, social communication disorders, and sensory gating function impairment. Moreover, rats subjected to chronic ([C8mim][PF6]) exposure showed hypofunction of glutamatergic excitatory synapses, including increased expression of NMDA receptor subunits, increased density and immaturity of dendritic spines, and increased expression of PSD95. Additionally, ([C8mim][PF6]) exposure resulted in hippocampal-specific inflammatory activation, indicated by increased levels of proinflammatory factors, elevated nuclear localisation of NF-κB, and activation of microglia and astrocytes. In conclusion, chronic exposure to low-dose ([C8mim][PF6]) induced neurotoxicity, including damage to glutamatergic excitatory synapses and inflammatory activation, which may illuminate the associated behavioural abnormalities. The results presented here may be helpful for the safe use of ILs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Kang Liu
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Meng Song
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Ganesana M, Venton BJ. Spontaneous, transient adenosine release is not enhanced in the CA1 region of hippocampus during severe ischemia models. J Neurochem 2021; 159:887-900. [PMID: 34453336 PMCID: PMC8627433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes damage in the brain, and a slow buildup of adenosine is neuroprotective during ischemic injury. Spontaneous, transient adenosine signaling, lasting only 3 s per event, has been discovered that increases in frequency in the caudate-putamen during early stages of mild ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, spontaneous adenosine changes have not been studied in the hippocampus during ischemia, an area highly susceptible to stroke. Here, we investigated changes of spontaneous, transient adenosine in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus during three different models of the varied intensity of ischemia. During the early stages of the milder bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model, there were fewer spontaneous, transient adenosine, but no change in the concentration of individual events. In contrast, during the moderate 2 vertebral artery occlusion (2VAO) and severe 4 vessel occlusion (4VO) models, both the frequency of spontaneous, transient adenosine and the average event adenosine concentration decreased. Blood flow measurements validate that the ischemia models decreased blood flow, and corresponding pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 4VO occlusion showed the most severe damage in histology and BCCAO showed the least. Overall, our data suggest that there is no enhanced spontaneous adenosine release in the hippocampus during moderate and severe ischemia, which could be due to depletion of the rapidly releasable adenosine pool. Thus, during ischemic stroke, there are fewer spontaneous adenosine events that could inhibit neurotransmission, which might lead to more damage and less neuroprotection in the hippocampus CA1 region. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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30
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Weltin A, Kieninger J. Electrochemical methods for neural interface electrodes. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34547734 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac28d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Neural interfaces often rely on charge transfer processes between electrodes and the tissue or electrolyte. Electrochemical processes are at the core of electrode function and, therefore, the key to neural interface stability, electrode performance characterization, and utilization of electrodes as chemical sensors. Electrochemical techniques offer a variety of options to investigate the charge transfer and electrocatalytic properties of electrodes.Approach. In this tutorial, we present various experiments to illustrate the power of electrochemical methods, serve as a reference and guideline, and stimulate deeper understanding of the subject.Main results.As a basis for the following experiments, we discuss the platinum cyclic voltammogram and focus on understanding surface processes and roughness determination. We highlight the importance of appropriate instrumentation using potentiostats and how strongly it can influence results. We then discuss a number of potential-controlled and current-controlled methods for electrode characterization, including chronocoulometry, chronoamperometry, (active) potentiometry, and chronopotentiometry. They illustrate charge transfer caused by both electrode surface processes and the presence of redox-active species, such as dissolved oxygen and hydrogen, or hydrogen peroxide. We also discuss the electrode potential with respect to a reference electrode under various conditions and how it affects its electrochemical properties like surface state, catalytic properties and capability to transfer charge.Significance.Electrochemical methods are still underutilized in neural engineering, and valuable information is therefore often not accessed. Many studies on electrode characterization would benefit from a more consistent and target-oriented electrochemical methodology and instrumentation. That ranges from the investigation of new materials and processes, over electrode performance assessment to the development of more long-term stable and biocompatible neural interfaces. Ultimately, standardization, consistency and comparability will play a key role in the translation of microtechnology into biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weltin
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kieninger
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Tsujimura A, Kamae Y, Kawasaki H, Nagai H, Kano M, Tabata T. Carbon powder-filled microelectrode: An easy-to-fabricate probe for cellular electrochemistry. Anal Biochem 2021; 629:114316. [PMID: 34314725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber and carbon fiber disc microelectrodes are widely used for electrochemical detection of biochemicals released from cells. However, fabricating these types of microelectrodes is difficult and time-consuming. Here, we report an easy-to-fabricate, carbon powder-filled microelectrode consisting of a pulled glass capillary backfilled with carbon powder. Carbon tip size and responsiveness can be controlled by adjusting the settings of the puller. Carbon powder-filled microelectrodes with tip opening diameters of 7-24 μm detected sub-micromolar to sub-millimolar levels of dopamine and catecholamines released from PC-12 cells. This simple microelectrode should promote further work on cellular and tissue electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Tsujimura
- Laboratory for Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuhi Kamae
- Laboratory for Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Kawasaki
- Laboratory for Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Haruki Nagai
- Laboratory for Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Tabata
- Laboratory for Biological Information Processing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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Electrochemical treatment in KOH renews and activates carbon fiber microelectrode surfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6737-6746. [PMID: 34302181 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) are the standard electrodes for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) detection of neurotransmitters. CFMEs are generally used untreated but the surface can be activated with different treatments to improve electrochemical performance. In this work, we explored electrochemical treatments to clean and activate the CFME surface. We used different solution conditions for electrochemical treatment and found that electrochemical pretreatment in KOH outperforms treatment in KCl, H2O2, or HCl by accelerating the surface renewal process. The etching rate of carbon with electrochemical treatment in KOH is 37 nm/min, which is 10 times faster than that in the other solutions. Electrochemical treatment in KOH for several minutes regenerates a new carbon surface, which introduces more oxygen functional groups beneficial for adsorption and electron transfer. The KOH-treated CFMEs improved the limit of detection (LOD) to 9 ± 2 nM from 14 ± 4 nM for untreated CFMEs, and they successfully detected stimulated dopamine release in rat brain slices, demonstrating that they are stable and sensitive enough to use in biological systems. Electrochemical treatment in KOH completely restores the electrode sensitivity after biofouling. The proposed electrochemical treatment is simple and fast and can be applied prior to using CFMEs or after use to restore the surface. Thus, the method has potential to be a standard step to clean the carbon surface, or restore the sensitivity of electrodes from biofouling.
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33
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Bouret Y, Guille-Collignon M, Lemaître F. Simulations of amperometric monitoring of exocytosis: moderate pH variations within the cell-electrode cleft with the buffer diffusion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6769-6776. [PMID: 34120197 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amperometry with ultramicroelectrodes is nowadays a routine technique to investigate neurotransmitter secretion by vesicular exocytosis at the single-cell level. This electroanalytical tool allows one to understand many aspects of the vesicular release in terms of mechanisms. However, the electrochemical detection relies on the oxidation of released neurotransmitters that produce 2H+ and thus the possible acidification of the cell-electrode cleft. In a previous work, we considered a model involving the H+ diffusion or/and its reaction with buffer species. In this article, we report a more general model which takes into account the ability of buffer species to move and to be regenerated within the cell-electrode cleft. As a consequence, the pH within the cleft is still equal to its physiological value regardless of the electrochemical detection of the vesicular release for usual exocytotic cell frequencies. This confirms that amperometry at the single-cell level is a very robust technique for investigating vesicular exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bouret
- CNRS-UMR 7010 Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Av. Joseph Vallot, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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34
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Huang M, Dorta-Quiñones CI, Minch BA, Lindau M. On-Chip Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements Using a Compact 1024-Electrode CMOS IC. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8027-8034. [PMID: 34038637 PMCID: PMC8650766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) microelectrode arrays integrate amplifier arrays with on-chip electrodes, offering high-throughput platforms for electrochemical sensing with high spatial and temporal resolution. Such devices have been developed for highly parallel constant voltage amperometric detection of transmitter release from multiple cells with single-vesicle resolution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical method that applies voltage waveforms, which provides additional information about electrode properties and about the nature of analytes. A 16-channel, 64-electrode-per-channel CMOS integrated circuit (IC) fabricated in a 0.5 μm CMOS process for CV is demonstrated. Each detector consists of only 11 transistors and an integration capacitor with a unit dimension of 0.0015 mm2. The device was postfabricated using Pt as the working electrode material with a shifted electrode design, which makes it possible to redefine the size and the location of working electrodes. The system incorporating cell-sized (8 μm radius) microelectrodes was validated with dopamine injection tests and CV measurements of potassium ferricyanide at a 1 V/s scanning rate. The cyclic voltammograms were in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The technology enables rigorous characterization of electrode performance for the application of CMOS microelectrode arrays in low-noise amperometric measurements of quantal transmitter release as well as other biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Carlos I Dorta-Quiñones
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Bradley A Minch
- Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, Massachusetts 02492, United States
| | - Manfred Lindau
- School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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35
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Dunham KE, Venton BJ. Improving serotonin fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection: new waveforms to reduce electrode fouling. Analyst 2021; 145:7437-7446. [PMID: 32955048 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a neuromodulator implicated in depression that is often measured in real-time by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). A specialized "Jackson" waveform (JW, 0.2, 1.0 V, -0.1 V, 0.2 V, 1000 V s-1) was developed to reduce serotonin fouling, but the 1.0 V switching potential limits sensitivity and electrodes still foul. The goal of this study was to test the effects of extending the FSCV switching potential to increase serotonin sensitivity and decrease fouling. We compared the Jackson waveform, the dopamine waveform (DA, -0.4 V, 1.3 V, 400 V s-1), and two new waveforms: the extended serotonin waveform (ESW, 0.2, 1.3, -0.1, 0.2, 1000 V s-1) and extended hold serotonin waveform (EHSW, 0.2, 1.3 (hold 1 ms), -0.1, 0.2, 400 V s-1). The EHSW was the most sensitive (LOD = 0.6 nM), and the JW the least sensitive (LOD = 2.4 nM). With the Jackson waveform, electrode fouling was significant with repeated injections of serotonin or exposure to its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Using the extended waveforms, electrodes fouled 50% less than with the Jackson waveform for both analytes. No electrode fouling was observed with the dopamine waveform because of the negative holding potential. The Jackson waveform was the most selective for serotonin over dopamine (800×), and the ESW was also highly selective. All waveforms were useful for measuring serotonin with optogenetic stimulation in Drosophila larvae. These results provide new FSCV waveforms to measure dynamic serotonin changes with different experimental requirements, like high sensitivity (EHSW), high selectivity (ESW, JW), or eliminating electrode fouling (DA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Dunham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
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36
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A test potential booster for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with an electrophysiological amplifier. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Shin M, Copeland JM, Venton BJ. Real-Time Measurement of Stimulated Dopamine Release in Compartments of the Adult Drosophila melanogaster Mushroom Body. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14398-14407. [PMID: 33048531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, is an exquisite model organism to understand neurotransmission. Dopaminergic signaling in the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) is involved in olfactory learning and memory, with different compartments controlling aversive learning (heel) vs. appetitive learning (medial tip). Here, the goal was to develop techniques to measure endogenous dopamine in compartments of the MB for the first time. We compared three stimulation methods: acetylcholine (natural stimulus), P2X2 (chemogenetics), and CsChrimson (optogenetics). Evoked dopamine release was measured with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in isolated adult Drosophila brains. Acetylcholine stimulated the largest dopamine release (0.40 μM) followed by P2X2 (0.14 μM) and CsChrimson (0.07 μM). With the larger acetylcholine and P2X2 stimulations, there were no regional or sex differences in dopamine release. However, with CsChrimson, dopamine release was significantly higher in the heel than the medial tip, and females had more dopamine than males. Michaelis-Menten modeling of the single-light pulse revealed no significant regional differences in Km, but the heel had a significantly lower Vmax (0.12 μM/s vs. 0.19 μM/s) and higher dopamine release (0.05 μM vs. 0.03 μM). Optogenetic experiments are challenging because CsChrimson is also sensitive to blue light used to activate green fluorescent protein, and thus, light exposure during brain dissection must be minimized. These experiments expand the toolkit for measuring endogenous dopamine release in Drosophila, introducing chemogenetic and optogenetic experiments for the first time. With a variety of stimulations, different experiments will help improve our understanding of neurochemical signaling in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Copeland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States.,Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22802, United States
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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38
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Wei H, Wu F, Li L, Yang X, Xu C, Yu P, Ma F, Mao L. Natural Leukocyte Membrane-Masked Microelectrodes with an Enhanced Antifouling Ability and Biocompatibility for In Vivo Electrochemical Sensing. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11374-11379. [PMID: 32664720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Probing chemical information in the central nervous system is essential for understanding the molecular mechanism of brain function. Electrochemistry with tissue-implantable carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) provides a powerful tool for monitoring the dynamics of neurochemicals in a subsecond time scale; however, the implantation of CFEs into brain tissue immediately causes the nonspecific adsorption of proteins on electrode surfaces. This process can dramatically impact the performance of the electrochemical method in terms of reduced sensitivity and accuracy. Herein, we report a strategy to minimize the electrode biofouling by masking CFEs with leukocyte membranes (LMs). We find that the LM masking endows CFEs with a highly hydrophilic surface that gains a high resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. The electrode reactivity to target molecules decreases by a small degree due to the membrane coating, but the sensitivity loss of the LM-masked CFEs is greatly lessened even after in vivo implantation for 8 h. This study offers a new method of microelectrode modification by natural cell membranes for sustained sensing performance during long-term in vivo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoti Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Furong Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lim GN, Regan SL, Ross AE. Subsecond spontaneous catecholamine release in mesenteric lymph node ex vivo. J Neurochem 2020; 155:417-429. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Lim
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Samantha L. Regan
- Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children’s Research Foundation Cincinnati OH USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
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40
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Wei H, Li L, Jin J, Wu F, Yu P, Ma F, Mao L. Galvanic Redox Potentiometry Based Microelectrode Array for Synchronous Ascorbate and Single-Unit Recordings in Rat Brain. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10177-10182. [PMID: 32600032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal communication relies on cooperation between the chemical and electrical patterns of neurons. Thus, techniques for illustrating the linkage of the neurochemical events and action potentials with high temporal and spatial resolution is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of brain function. Herein, we integrate galvanic redox potentiometry (GRP) and electrophysiological recording onto a 16-site Au microelectrode array (MEA), one of which is for indicating the ascorbate concentration while the others for single-unit activity assessment. The electrochemical probing site was modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes to promote electron-transfer kinetics of ascorbate at low overpotential so as to enlarge the driving force for the spontaneous ascorbate/O2 cell reaction. The resulting GRP-based MEA outputs open-circuit potential that is in a linear relationship with the logarithmic ascorbate concentration and exhibits high selectivity against a set of coexisting electroactive species. Furthermore, no reciprocal interference between the two recording systems is observed during concurrent GRP sensing of ascorbate and single-unit recording in a rat brain. In vivo feasibility of the GRP-based MEA is demonstrated by synchronous real-time measurement of ascorbate release and electrical activity from multiple neuronal populations during spreading depression. Our GRP-based MEA sensor creates new opportunities to realize high-throughput screening or mapping of neurochemical patterns in a larger dimension and correlate them to neuron functions across a spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Furong Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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41
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Gupta P, Tsai K, Ruhunage CK, Gupta VK, Rahm CE, Jiang D, Alvarez NT. True Picomolar Neurotransmitter Sensor Based on Open-Ended Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8536-8545. [PMID: 32406234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are important chemicals in human physiological systems for initiating neuronal signaling pathways and in various critical health illnesses. However, concentration of neurotransmitters in the human body is very low (nM or pM level) and it is extremely difficult to detect the fluctuation of their concentrations in patients using existing electrochemical biosensors. In this work, we report the performance of highly densified carbon nanotubes fiber (HD-CNTf) cross-sections called rods (diameter ∼ 69 μm, and length ∼ 40 μm) as an ultrasensitive platform for detection of common neurotransmitters. HD-CNTf rods microelectrodes have open-ended CNTs exposed at the interface with electrolytes and cells and display a low impedance value, i.e., 1050 Ω. Their fabrication starts with dry spun CNT fibers that are encapsulated in an insulating polymer to preserve their structure and alignment. Arrays of HD-CNTf rods microelectrodes were applied to detect neurotransmitters, i.e., dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine (Epn), and norepinephrine (Norepn), using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). They demonstrate good linearity in a broad linear range (1 nM to 100 μM) with an excellent limit of detection, i.e., 32 pM, 31 pM, 64 pM, and 9 pM for DA, 5-HT, Epn, and Norepn, respectively. To demonstrate practical application of HD-CNTf rod arrays, detection of DA in human biological fluids and real time monitoring of DA release from living pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Kyrus Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Chethani K Ruhunage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Vandna K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Connor E Rahm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Dehua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Noe T Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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42
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Expression of Genes Involved in Axon Guidance: How Much Have We Learned? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103566. [PMID: 32443632 PMCID: PMC7278939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal axons are guided to their target during the development of the brain. Axon guidance allows the formation of intricate neural circuits that control the function of the brain, and thus the behavior. As the axons travel in the brain to find their target, they encounter various axon guidance cues, which interact with the receptors on the tip of the growth cone to permit growth along different signaling pathways. Although many scientists have performed numerous studies on axon guidance signaling pathways, we still have an incomplete understanding of the axon guidance system. Lately, studies on axon guidance have shifted from studying the signal transduction pathways to studying other molecular features of axon guidance, such as the gene expression. These new studies present evidence for different molecular features that broaden our understanding of axon guidance. Hence, in this review we will introduce recent studies that illustrate different molecular features of axon guidance. In particular, we will review literature that demonstrates how axon guidance cues and receptors regulate local translation of axonal genes and how the expression of guidance cues and receptors are regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Moreover, we will highlight the pathological relevance of axon guidance molecules to specific diseases.
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43
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Yue Q, Li X, Wu F, Ji W, Zhang Y, Yu P, Zhang M, Ma W, Wang M, Mao L. Unveiling the Role of DJ-1 Protein in Vesicular Storage and Release of Catecholamine with Nano/Micro-Tip Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11061-11065. [PMID: 32249515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DJ-1 protein deficiency caused by PARK7 gene mutation has been suggested to closely relate to Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly through the attenuation D2 dopamine receptor activity in mice; however, whether or how it affects the vesicular storage and exocytosis of neurochemicals remains unclear. By using electrochemical methods at a single vesicle/cell level with nano/micro-tip electrodes, we for the first time find that DJ-1 protein deficiency caused by PARK7 gene knockout (KO) in mice has little effect on vesicular catecholamine content but significantly prolongs the exocytotic events, especially the closing time of exocytotic fusion pores. Further studies suggest the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation by DJ-1 protein might be one way that DJ-1 protein acts on neurotransmission. This finding offers the first direct link between DJ-1 protein deficiency and vesicular chemical storage and release of chemicals, providing a new chemical insight into the pathology of PD caused by PARK7 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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44
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Yue Q, Li X, Wu F, Ji W, Zhang Y, Yu P, Zhang M, Ma W, Wang M, Mao L. Unveiling the Role of DJ‐1 Protein in Vesicular Storage and Release of Catecholamine with Nano/Micro‐Tip Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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45
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Borgus JR, Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Complex sex and estrous cycle differences in spontaneous transient adenosine. J Neurochem 2020; 153:216-229. [PMID: 32040198 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator that plays a role in sleep, vasodilation, and immune response and manipulating the adenosine system could be therapeutic for Parkinson's disease or ischemic stroke. Spontaneous transient adenosine release provides rapid neuromodulation; however, little is known about the effect of sex as a biological variable on adenosine signaling and this is vital information for designing therapeutics. Here, we investigate sex differences in spontaneous, transient adenosine release using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure adenosine in vivo in the hippocampus CA1, basolateral amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The frequency and concentration of transient adenosine release were compared by sex and brain region, and in females, the stage of estrous. Females had larger concentration transients in the hippocampus (0.161 ± 0.003 µM) and the amygdala (0.182 ± 0.006 µM) than males (hippocampus: 0.134 ± 0.003, amygdala: 0.115 ± 0.002 µM), but the males had a higher frequency of events. In the prefrontal cortex, the trends were reversed. Males had higher concentrations (0.189 ± 0.003 µM) than females (0.170 ± 0.002 µM), but females had higher frequencies. Examining stages of the estrous cycle, in the hippocampus, adenosine transients are higher concentration during proestrus and diestrus. In the cortex, adenosine transients were higher in concentration during proestrus, but were lower during all other stages. Thus, sex and estrous cycle differences in spontaneous adenosine are complex, and not completely consistent from region to region. Understanding these complex differences in spontaneous adenosine between the sexes and during different stages of estrous is important for designing effective treatments manipulating adenosine as a neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Borgus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) is a versatile electrochemical technique to probe neurochemical dynamics in vivo. Progress in FSCV methodology continues to address analytical challenges arising from biological needs to measure low concentrations of neurotransmitters at specific sites. This review summarizes recent advances in FSCV method development in three areas: (1) waveform optimization, (2) electrode development, and (3) data analysis. First, FSCV waveform parameters such as holding potential, switching potential, and scan rate have been optimized to monitor new neurochemicals. The new waveform shapes introduce better selectivity toward specific molecules such as serotonin, histamine, hydrogen peroxide, octopamine, adenosine, guanosine, and neuropeptides. Second, CFMEs have been modified with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or replaced with conducting polymers to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and antifouling properties. Different geometries can be obtained by 3D-printing, manufacturing arrays, or fabricating carbon nanopipettes. Third, data analysis is important to sort through the thousands of CVs obtained. Recent developments in data analysis include preprocessing by digital filtering, principal components analysis for distinguishing analytes, and developing automated algorithms to detect peaks. Future challenges include multisite measurements, machine learning, and integration with other techniques. Advances in FSCV will accelerate research in neurochemistry to answer new biological questions about dynamics of signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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47
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Measurement of natural variation of neurotransmitter tissue content in red harvester ant brains among different colonies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6167-6175. [PMID: 31912181 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Colonies of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, regulate foraging activity based on food availability and local conditions. Colony variation in foraging behavior is thought to be linked to biogenic amine signaling and metabolism. Measurements of differences in neurotransmitters have not been made among ant colonies in a natural environment. Here, for the first time, we quantified tissue content of 4 biogenic amines (dopamine, serotonin, octopamine, and tyramine) in single forager brains from 9 red harvester ant colonies collected in the field. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (CE-FSCV) was used to separate and detect the amines in individual ant brains. Low levels of biogenic amines were detected using field-amplified sample stacking by preparing a single brain tissue sample in acetonitrile and perchloric acid. The method provides low detection limits: 1 nM for dopamine, 2 nM for serotonin, 5 nM for octopamine, and 4 nM for tyramine. Overall, the content of dopamine (47 ± 9 pg/brain) was highest, followed by octopamine (36 ± 10 pg/brain), serotonin (20 ± 4 pg/brain), and tyramine (14 ± 3 pg/brain). Relative standard deviations were high, but there was less variation within a colony than among colonies, so the neurotransmitter content of each colony might change with environmental conditions. This study demonstrates that CE-FSCV is a useful method for investigating natural variation in neurotransmitter content in single ant brains and could be useful for future studies correlating tissue content with colony behavior such as foraging. Graphical abstract.
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48
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Bacil RP, Chen L, Serrano SHP, Compton RG. Dopamine oxidation at gold electrodes: mechanism and kinetics near neutral pH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:607-614. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The two-electron electrochemical oxidation of dopamine is studied voltammetrically at Gold macroelectrodes around neutral pH with simulations used to give kinetic and mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P. Bacil
- University of Oxford
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- South Parks Road
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Lifu Chen
- University of Oxford
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- South Parks Road
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Silvia H. P. Serrano
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes
- 748 - Butantã - São Paulo – SP
| | - Richard G. Compton
- University of Oxford
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- South Parks Road
- Oxford
- UK
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