1
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Liu X, Zheng W, Kumar R, Kumar M, Zhang J. Conducting polymer-based nanostructures for gas sensors. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of recent developments in the field of volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors, which are finding uses in healthcare, safety, environmental monitoring, food and agriculture, oil industry, and other fields. It starts by briefly explaining the basics of VOC sensing and reviewing the currently available and quickly progressing VOC sensing approaches. It then discusses the main trends in materials' design with special attention to nanostructuring and nanohybridization. Emerging sensing materials and strategies are highlighted and their involvement in the different types of sensing technologies is discussed, including optical, electrical, and gravimetric sensors. The review also provides detailed discussions about the main limitations of the field and offers potential solutions. The status of the field and suggestions of promising directions for future development are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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3
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Prete D, Demontis V, Zannier V, Rodriguez-Douton MJ, Guazzelli L, Beltram F, Sorba L, Rossella F. Impact of electrostatic doping on carrier concentration and mobility in InAs nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:145204. [PMID: 33361570 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate dual-gated electric double layer (EDL) field effect transistors based on InAs nanowires gated with an ionic liquid, and we perform electrical transport measurements in the temperature range from room temperature to 4.2 K. By adjusting the spatial distribution of ions inside the ionic liquid employed as gate dielectric, we electrostatically induce doping in the nanostructures under analysis. We extract low-temperature carrier concentration and mobility in very different doping regimes from the analysis of current-voltage characteristics and transconductances measured exploiting global back-gating. In the liquid gate voltage interval from -2 to 2 V, carrier concentration can be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, the effect of the ionic accumulation on the nanowire surface turns out to be detrimental to the electron mobility of the semiconductor nanostructure: the electron mobility is quenched irrespectively to the sign of the accumulated ionic species. The reported results shine light on the effective impact on crucial transport parameters of EDL gating in semiconductor nanodevices and they should be considered when designing experiments in which electrostatic doping of semiconductor nanostructures via electrolyte gating is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Prete
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Demontis
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, via Bonanno 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossella
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Sedki M, Shen Y, Mulchandani A. Nano-FET-enabled biosensors: Materials perspective and recent advances in North America. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures and nanomaterials play essential roles in modern bio medicine and technology. Proper surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) allows the selective bonding thus application of magnetic forces to a vast range of cellular structures and biomolecules. However, the spherical geometry of NPs poises a series of limitations in various potential applications. Mostly, typical spherical core shell structure consists of magnetic and non-magnetic layers have little tunability in terms of magnetic responses, and their single surface functionality also limits chemical activity and selectivity. In comparison to spherical NPs, nanowires (NWs) possess more degrees of freedom in achieving magnetic and surface chemical tenability. In addition to adjustment of magnetic anisotropy and inter-layer interactions, another important feature of NWs is their ability to combine different components along their length, which can result in diverse bio-magnetic applications. Magnetic NWs have become the candidate material for biomedical applications owing to their high magnetization, cheapness and cost effective synthesis. With large magnetic moment, anisotropy, biocompatibility and low toxicity, magnetic NWs have been recently used in living cell manipulation, magnetic cell separation and magnetic hyperthermia. In this review, the basic concepts of magnetic characteristics of nanoscale objects and the influences of aspect ratio, composition and diameter on magnetic properties of NWs are addressed. Some underpinning physical principles of magnetic hyperthermia (MH), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic separation (MS) have been discussed. Finally, recent studies on magnetic NWs for the applications in MH, MRI and MS were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Mukhtar
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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6
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Landini N, Anania G, Astolfi M, Fabbri B, Guidi V, Rispoli G, Valt M, Zonta G, Malagù C. Nanostructured Chemoresistive Sensors for Oncological Screening and Tumor Markers Tracking: Single Sensor Approach Applications on Human Blood and Cell Samples. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051411. [PMID: 32143491 PMCID: PMC7085750 DOI: 10.3390/s20051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preventive screening does not only allow to preemptively intervene on pathologies before they can harm the host; but also to reduce the costs of the intervention itself; boosting the efficiency of the NHS (National Health System) by saving resources for other purposes. To improve technology advancements in this field; user-friendly yet low-cost devices are required; and various applications for gas sensors have been tested and proved reliable in past studies. In this work; cell cultures and blood samples have been studied; using nanostructured chemoresistive sensors; to both verify if this technology can reliably detect tumor markers; and if correlations between responses from tumor line metabolites and the screening outcomes on human specimens could be observed. The results showed how sensors responded differently to the emanations from healthy and mutant (for cells) or tumor affected (for blood) samples, and how those results were consistent between them, since the tumoral specimens had higher responses compared to the ones of their healthy counterparts. Even though the patterns in the responses require a bigger population to be defined properly; it appeared that the different macro-groups between the same kind of samples are distinguishable from some of the sensors chosen in the study; giving promising outcomes for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Landini
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Anania
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Michele Astolfi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
- SCENT S.r.l, Via Quadrifoglio 11, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Fabbri
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Guidi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giorgio Rispoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Matteo Valt
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giulia Zonta
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Cesare Malagù
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (M.A.); (B.F.); (V.G.); (M.V.); (G.Z.)
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7
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Abariute L, Lard M, Hebisch E, Prinz CN. Uptake of nanowires by human lung adenocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218122. [PMID: 31226121 PMCID: PMC6588221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires are increasingly used in optoelectronic devices. However, their effects on human health have not been assessed fully. Here, we investigate the effects of gallium phosphide nanowires on human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Four different geometries of nanowires were suspended in the cell culture for 48 hours. We show that cells internalize the nanowires and that the nanowires have no effect on cell proliferation rate, motility, viability and intracellular ROS levels. By blocking specific internalization pathways, we demonstrate that the nanowire uptake is the result of a combination of processes, requiring dynamin and actin polymerization, which suggests an internalization through macropinocytosis and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abariute
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mercy Lard
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elke Hebisch
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christelle N. Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Ayalew H, Wang TL, Yu HH. Deprotonation-Induced Conductivity Shift of Polyethylenedioxythiophenes in Aqueous Solutions: The Effects of Side-Chain Length and Polymer Composition. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E659. [PMID: 30974910 PMCID: PMC6523877 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprotonation-induced conductivity shift of poly(3,4-ethylenedixoythiophene)s (PEDOTs) in aqueous solutions is a promising platform for chemical or biological sensor due to its large signal output and minimum effect from material morphology. Carboxylic acid group functionalized poly(Cn-EDOT-COOH)s are synthesized and electrodeposited on microelectrodes. The microelectrodes are utilized to study the effect of carboxylic acid side-chain length on the conductivity curve profiles in aqueous buffer with different pH. The conductivity shifts due to the buffer pH are effected by the length of the carboxylic acid side-chains. The shifts can be explained by the carboxylic acid dissociation property (pKa) at the solid-liquid interface, self-doping effect, and effective conjugation length. Conductivity profiles of poly(EDOT-OH-co-C₂-EDOT-COOH) copolymers are also studied. The shifts show linear relationship with the feed monomer composition used in electrochemical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael Ayalew
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Lin Wang
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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9
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Rani D, Pachauri V, Madaboosi N, Jolly P, Vu XT, Estrela P, Chu V, Conde JP, Ingebrandt S. Top-Down Fabricated Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Field-Effect Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8471-8482. [PMID: 31458975 PMCID: PMC6644640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive electrical detection of biomarkers for the early stage screening of cancer is desired for future, ultrafast diagnostic platforms. In the case of prostate cancer (PCa), the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is of prime interest and its detection in combination with other PCa-relevant biomarkers in a multiplex approach is advised. Toward this goal, we demonstrate the label-free, potentiometric detection of PSA with silicon nanowire ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (Si NW-ISFET) arrays. To realize the field-effect detection, we utilized the DNA aptamer-receptors specific for PSA, which were covalently and site-specifically immobilized on Si NW-ISFETs. The platform was used for quantitative detection of PSA and the change in threshold voltage of the Si NW-ISEFTs was correlated with the concentration of PSA. Concentration-dependent measurements were done in a wide range of 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL, which covers the clinical range of interest. To confirm the PSA-DNA aptamer binding on the Si NW surfaces, a sandwich-immunoassay based on chemiluminescence was implemented. The electrical approach using the Si NW-ISFET platform shows a lower limit of detection and a wide dynamic range of the assay. In future, our platform should be utilized to detect multiple biomarkers in one assay to obtain more reliable information about cancer-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Rani
- Department
of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Department
of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- INESC
Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol, 91000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan-Thang Vu
- Department
of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
- Institute
of Physics I, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstr. 14, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Chu
- INESC
Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol, 91000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- INESC
Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol, 91000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Department
of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
- E-mail:
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10
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Broza YY, Vishinkin R, Barash O, Nakhleh MK, Haick H. Synergy between nanomaterials and volatile organic compounds for non-invasive medical evaluation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4781-4859. [PMID: 29888356 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is an overview of the present and ongoing developments in the field of nanomaterial-based sensors for enabling fast, relatively inexpensive and minimally (or non-) invasive diagnostics of health conditions with follow-up by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) excreted from one or combination of human body fluids and tissues (e.g., blood, urine, breath, skin). Part of the review provides a didactic examination of the concepts and approaches related to emerging sensing materials and transduction techniques linked with the VOC-based non-invasive medical evaluations. We also present and discuss diverse characteristics of these innovative sensors, such as their mode of operation, sensitivity, selectivity and response time, as well as the major approaches proposed for enhancing their ability as hybrid sensors to afford multidimensional sensing and information-based sensing. The other parts of the review give an updated compilation of the past and currently available VOC-based sensors for disease diagnostics. This compilation summarizes all VOCs identified in relation to sickness and sampling origin that links these data with advanced nanomaterial-based sensing technologies. Both strength and pitfalls are discussed and criticized, particularly from the perspective of the information and communication era. Further ideas regarding improvement of sensors, sensor arrays, sensing devices and the proposed workflow are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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11
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D'Arsié L, Alijani V, Brunelli STS, Rigoni F, Di Santo G, Caputo M, Panighel M, Freddi S, Sangaletti L, Goldoni A. Improved recovery time and sensitivity to H 2 and NH 3 at room temperature with SnO x vertical nanopillars on ITO. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10028. [PMID: 29968779 PMCID: PMC6030158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured SnO2 is a promising material for the scalable production of portable gas sensors. To fully exploit their potential, these gas sensors need a faster recovery rate and higher sensitivity at room temperature than the current state of the art. Here we demonstrate a chemiresistive gas sensor based on vertical SnOx nanopillars, capable of sensing < 5 ppm of H2 at room temperature and 10 ppt at 230 °C. We test the sample both in vacuum and in air and observe an exceptional improvement in the performance compared to commercially available gas sensors. In particular, the recovery time for sensing NH3 at room temperature is more than one order of magnitude faster than a commercial SnO2 sensor. The sensor shows an unique combination of high sensitivity and fast recovery time, matching the requirements on materials expected to foster widespread use of portable and affordable gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D'Arsié
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, United Kingdom.
| | - V Alijani
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - S T Suran Brunelli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Rigoni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials Physics and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Di Santo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Caputo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Panighel
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Freddi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials Physics and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Sangaletti
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials Physics and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Goldoni
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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12
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Juang DS, Lin CH, Huo YR, Tang CY, Cheng CR, Wu HS, Huang SF, Kalnitsky A, Lin CC. Proton-ELISA: Electrochemical immunoassay on a dual-gated ISFET array. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:175-182. [PMID: 29902633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an electrochemical immunoassay platform called Proton-ELISA (H-ELISA) for the detection of bioanalytes. H-ELISA uniquely utilizes protons as an immunoassay detection medium, generated by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) coupled with Fenton's reagent in a proton amplification reaction cascade that results in a highly amplified signal. A proton-sensitive dual-gated ion-sensitive field effect transistor (DG-ISFET) sensor was also developed for sensitive and accurate detection of the proton signal in H-ELISA. The DG-ISFET sensor comprises of a 128 × 128 array of 16,384 sensing transistors each with an individually addressable back gate to allow for a very high signal throughput and improved accuracy. We then demonstrated that the platform could detect C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin E down to concentrations of 12.5 and 125 pg/mL, respectively. We further showed that the platform is compatible with complex biological sample conditions such as human serum, suggesting that the platform is sufficiently robust for potential diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane S Juang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Lin
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Huo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ren Cheng
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shu Wu
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fen Huang
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Kalnitsky
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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13
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Chmela O, Sadílek J, Domènech-Gil G, Samà J, Somer J, Mohan R, Romano-Rodriguez A, Hubálek J, Vallejos S. Selectively arranged single-wire based nanosensor array systems for gas monitoring. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9087-9096. [PMID: 29718039 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01588k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gas nanosensors, comprised of arrays of nanoelectrodes with finger-widths of ∼100 nm developed by electron beam lithography and aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposited non-functionalized and Pt-functionalized tungsten oxide nanowires (<100 nm) subsequently integrated across the pairs of electrodes via the dielectrophoresis method, are developed in this work. The functionality of these devices is validated towards various concentrations of NO2 and C2H5OH. The results demonstrate reproducible and consistent responses with better sensitivity and partial selectivity for the non-functionalized systems to NO2, as opposed to the Pt-functionalized systems, which display better sensing properties towards C2H5OH with a loss of response to NO2. These results are explained on the basis of the additional chemical and electronic interactions at the Pt/tungsten oxide interface, which increase the pre-adsorption of oxygen species and make the functionalized surface rather more sensitive to C2H5OH than to NO2, in contrast to the non-functionalized surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chmela
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Tang N, Jiang Y, Qu H, Duan X. Conductive polymer nanowire gas sensor fabricated by nanoscale soft lithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:485301. [PMID: 28968225 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa905b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistive devices composed of one-dimensional nanostructures are promising candidates for the next generation of gas sensors. However, the large-scale fabrication of nanowires is still challenging, which restricts the commercialization of such devices. Here, we report a highly efficient and facile approach to fabricating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanowire chemiresistive gas sensors by nanoscale soft lithography. Well-defined sub-100 nm nanowires are fabricated on silicon substrate, which facilitates device integration. The nanowire chemiresistive gas sensor is demonstrated for NH3 and NO2 detection at room temperature and shows a limit of detection at ppb level, which is compatible with nanoscale PEDOT:PSS gas sensors fabricated with the conventional lithography technique. In comparison with PEDOT:PSS thin-film gas sensors, the nanowire gas sensor exhibits higher sensitivity and a much faster response to gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Pelaz B, Alexiou C, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Alves F, Andrews AM, Ashraf S, Balogh LP, Ballerini L, Bestetti A, Brendel C, Bosi S, Carril M, Chan WCW, Chen C, Chen X, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cui D, Du J, Dullin C, Escudero A, Feliu N, Gao M, George M, Gogotsi Y, Grünweller A, Gu Z, Halas NJ, Hampp N, Hartmann RK, Hersam MC, Hunziker P, Jian J, Jiang X, Jungebluth P, Kadhiresan P, Kataoka K, Khademhosseini A, Kopeček J, Kotov NA, Krug HF, Lee DS, Lehr CM, Leong KW, Liang XJ, Ling Lim M, Liz-Marzán LM, Ma X, Macchiarini P, Meng H, Möhwald H, Mulvaney P, Nel AE, Nie S, Nordlander P, Okano T, Oliveira J, Park TH, Penner RM, Prato M, Puntes V, Rotello VM, Samarakoon A, Schaak RE, Shen Y, Sjöqvist S, Skirtach AG, Soliman MG, Stevens MM, Sung HW, Tang BZ, Tietze R, Udugama BN, VanEpps JS, Weil T, Weiss PS, Willner I, Wu Y, Yang L, Yue Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang XE, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Parak WJ. Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2313-2381. [PMID: 28290206 PMCID: PMC5371978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sumaira Ashraf
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lajos P. Balogh
- AA Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Consultants, North Andover, Massachusetts 01845, United States
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bestetti
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 639798
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine,
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument
Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronical
Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alberto Escudero
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla. CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry,
and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- University Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- CLINAM,
European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Jian
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum
Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- EMPA, Federal Institute for Materials
Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmhotz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Ciber-BBN, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Laboratory of Bioengineering Regenerative Medicine (BioReM), Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Huan Meng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andre E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Teruo Okano
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Tai Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Reginald M. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital
Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amila Samarakoon
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Raymond E. Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud G. Soliman
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials,
Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan,
ROC 300
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buddhisha N. Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhao Yue
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,
CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
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16
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Ng AL, Chen CF, Kwon H, Peng Z, Lee CS, Wang Y. Chemical Gating of a Synthetic Tube-in-a-Tube Semiconductor. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3045-3051. [PMID: 28169545 PMCID: PMC5335872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A critical challenge to translating
field effect transistors into
biochemical sensor platforms is the requirement of a gate electrode,
which imposes restrictions on sensor device architectures and results
in added expense, poorer scalability, and electrical noise. Here we
show that it is possible to eliminate the need of the physical gate
electrode and dielectrics altogether using a synthetic tube-in-a-tube
(Tube∧2) semiconductor. Composed of a semiconducting
single-walled carbon nanotube nested in a charged, impermeable covalent
functional shell, Tube∧2 allows the semiconducting
conduction pathway to be modulated solely by surface functional groups
in a chemically gated-all-around configuration. The removal of physical
gates significantly simplifies the device architecture and enables
photolithography-free, highly scalable fabrication of transistor sensors
in nonconventional configurations that are otherwise impossible. We
show that concomitant FET sensitivity and single-mismatch selectivity
can be achieved with Tube∧2 even in a two-terminal,
thin film transistor device configuration that is as simple as a chemiresistor.
Miniaturized two-terminal field effect point sensors can also be fabricated,
using a straightforward dice-and-dip procedure, for the detection
of tuberculosis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen L Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Cheng S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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17
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Yan H, Zhang L, Yu P, Mao L. Sensitive and Fast Humidity Sensor Based on A Redox Conducting Supramolecular Ionic Material for Respiration Monitoring. Anal Chem 2016; 89:996-1001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Chandran GT, Li X, Ogata A, Penner RM. Electrically Transduced Sensors Based on Nanomaterials (2012-2016). Anal Chem 2016; 89:249-275. [PMID: 27936611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija Thesma Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Alana Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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19
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Namdari P, Daraee H, Eatemadi A. Recent Advances in Silicon Nanowire Biosensors: Synthesis Methods, Properties, and Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:406. [PMID: 27639579 PMCID: PMC5026984 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of silicon nanowire (SiNW) biosensor as a subtle, label-free, and electrical tool has been extensively demonstrated by several researchers over the past few decades. Human ability to delicately fabricate and control its chemical configuration, morphology, and arrangement either separately or in combination with other materials as lead to the development of a nanomaterial with specific and efficient electronic and catalytic properties useful in the fields of biological sciences and renewable energy. This review illuminates on the various synthetic methods of SiNW, with its optical and electrical properties that make them one of the most applicable nanomaterials in the field of biomolecule sensing, photoelectrochemical conversion, and diseases diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Namdari
- Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Daraee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advance Science in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 69971-18544 Iran
| | - Ali Eatemadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advance Science in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 69971-18544 Iran
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20
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Abstract
As the future of health care diagnostics moves toward more portable and personalized techniques, there is immense potential to harness the power of electrical signals for biological sensing and diagnostic applications at the point of care. Electrical biochips can be used to both manipulate and sense biological entities, as they can have several inherent advantages, including on-chip sample preparation, label-free detection, reduced cost and complexity, decreased sample volumes, increased portability, and large-scale multiplexing. The advantages of fully integrated electrical biochip platforms are particularly attractive for point-of-care systems. This review summarizes these electrical lab-on-a-chip technologies and highlights opportunities to accelerate the transition from academic publications to commercial success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Reddy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Eric Salm
- Department of Bioengineering, and
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
- Department of Bioengineering, and
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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21
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Ma C, Xu W, Wichert WRA, Bohn PW. Ion Accumulation and Migration Effects on Redox Cycling in Nanopore Electrode Arrays at Low Ionic Strength. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3658-64. [PMID: 26910572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion permselectivity can lead to accumulation in zero-dimensional nanopores, producing a significant increase in ion concentration, an effect which may be combined with unscreened ion migration to improve sensitivity in electrochemical measurements, as demonstrated by the enormous current amplification (∼2000-fold) previously observed in nanopore electrode arrays (NEA) in the absence of supporting electrolyte. Ionic strength is a key experimental factor that governs the magnitude of the additional current amplification (AFad) beyond simple redox cycling through both ion accumulation and ion migration effects. Separate contributions from ion accumulation and ion migration to the overall AFad were identified by studying NEAs with varying geometries, with larger AFad values being achieved in NEAs with smaller pores. In addition, larger AFad values were observed for Ru(NH3)6(3/2+) than for ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc(+)/Fc) in aqueous solution, indicating that coupling efficiency in redox cycling can significantly affect AFad. While charged species are required to observe migration effects or ion accumulation, poising the top electrode at an oxidizing potential converts neutral species to cations, which can then exhibit current amplification similar to starting with the cation. The electrical double layer effect was also demonstrated for Fc/Fc(+) in acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane, producing AFad up to 100× at low ionic strength. The pronounced AFad effects demonstrate the advantage of coupling redox cycling with ion accumulation and migration effects for ultrasensitive electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R A Wichert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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22
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Fennell JF, Liu SF, Azzarelli JM, Weis JG, Rochat S, Mirica KA, Ravnsbæk JB, Swager TM. Nanowire Chemical/Biological Sensors: Status and a Roadmap for the Future. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1266-81. [PMID: 26661299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemiresistive sensors are becoming increasingly important as they offer an inexpensive option to conventional analytical instrumentation, they can be readily integrated into electronic devices, and they have low power requirements. Nanowires (NWs) are a major theme in chemosensor development. High surface area, interwire junctions, and restricted conduction pathways give intrinsically high sensitivity and new mechanisms to transduce the binding or action of analytes. This Review details the status of NW chemosensors with selected examples from the literature. We begin by proposing a principle for understanding electrical transport and transduction mechanisms in NW sensors. Next, we offer the reader a review of device performance parameters. Then, we consider the different NW types followed by a summary of NW assembly and different device platform architectures. Subsequently, we discuss NW functionalization strategies. Finally, we propose future developments in NW sensing to address selectivity, sensor drift, sensitivity, response analysis, and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Fennell
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie F Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Azzarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Weis
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sébastien Rochat
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jens B Ravnsbæk
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Fennell JF, Liu SF, Azzarelli JM, Weis JG, Rochat S, Mirica KA, Ravnsbæk JB, Swager TM. Nanodrähte in Chemo‐ und Biosensoren: aktueller Stand und Fahrplan für die Zukunft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Fennell
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Sophie F. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Joseph M. Azzarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jonathan G. Weis
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Sébastien Rochat
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jens B. Ravnsbæk
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
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24
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Kindra LR, Eggers CJ, Liu AT, Mendoza K, Mendoza J, Klein Myers AR, Penner RM. Lithographically Patterned PEDOT Nanowires for the Detection of Iron(III) with Nanomolar Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11492-500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew T. Liu
- Oxford Academy, 5172 Orange
Avenue, Cypress, California 90630, United States
| | - Kelly Mendoza
- Godinez Fundamental School, 3002
Centennial Road, Santa Ana, California 92704, United States
| | - Jennifer Mendoza
- Santa Ana High School, 520
West Walnut Street, Santa Ana, California 92701, United States
| | - Aviva R. Klein Myers
- Laguna Beach High School, 625
Park Avenue, Laguna Beach, California 92651, United States
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25
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Rizal B, Merlo JM, Burns MJ, Chiles TC, Naughton MJ. Nanocoaxes for optical and electronic devices. Analyst 2015; 140:39-58. [PMID: 25279400 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of micro/nanoelectronics technology, including the shrinking of devices and integrated circuit components, has included the miniaturization of linear and coaxial structures to micro/nanoscale dimensions. This reduction in the size of coaxial structures may offer advantages to existing technologies and benefit the exploration and development of new technologies. The reduction in the size of coaxial structures has been realized with various permutations between metals, semiconductors and dielectrics for the core, shield, and annulus. This review will focus on fabrication schemes of arrays of metal - nonmetal - metal nanocoax structures using non-template and template methods, followed by possible applications. The performance and scientific advantages associated with nanocoax-based optical devices including waveguides, negative refractive index materials, light emitting diodes, and photovoltaics are presented. In addition, benefits and challenges that accrue from the application of novel nanocoax structures in energy storage, electronic and sensing devices are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Rizal
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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26
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Johnson KJ, Rose-Pehrsson SL. Sensor Array Design for Complex Sensing Tasks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:287-310. [PMID: 26132346 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical detection in complex environments presents numerous challenges for successful implementation. Arrays of sensors are often implemented for complex chemical sensing tasks, but systematic understanding of how individual sensor response characteristics contribute overall detection system performance remains elusive, with generalized strategies for design and optimization of these arrays rarely reported and even less commonly adopted by practitioners. This review focuses on the literature of nonspecific sensor array design and optimization strategies as well as related work that may inform future efforts in complex sensing with arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Johnson
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375; ,
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27
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Halpern JM, Wang B, Haick H. Controlling the Sensing Properties of Silicon Nanowires via the Bonds Nearest to the Silicon Nanowire Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11315-11321. [PMID: 25961907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the sensing properties of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is dependent on the surface chemistry of the silicon nanowire. A standard silicon nanowire has a passive oxide layer (native oxide), which has trap states that cause sensing inaccuracies and desensitize the surface to nonpolar molecules. In this paper, we successfully modified the silicon nanowire surface with different nonoxide C3 alkyl groups, specifically, propyl (Si-CH2-CH2-CH3), propenyl (Si-CH═CH-CH3), and propynyl (Si-C≡C-CH3) modifications. The effect of the near surface bond on the sensor sensitivity and stability was explored by comparing three C3 surface modifications. A reduction of trap-states led to greater sensor stability and accuracy. The propenyl-modified sensor was consistently the most stable and sensitive sensor, among the applied sensors. The propenyl- and propynyl-modified sensors consistently performed with the best accuracy in identifying specific analytes with similar polarity or similar molecular weights. A combination of features from different sensing surfaces led to the best rubric for specific analytes identification. These results indicate that nonoxide sensor surfaces are useful in identifying specific analytes and that a combination of sensors with different surfaces in a cross-reactive array can lead to specific analytes detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Mark Halpern
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Bin Wang
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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28
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Hwang SW, Lee CH, Cheng H, Jeong JW, Kang SK, Kim JH, Shin J, Yang J, Liu Z, Ameer GA, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Biodegradable elastomers and silicon nanomembranes/nanoribbons for stretchable, transient electronics, and biosensors. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2801-8. [PMID: 25706246 DOI: 10.1021/nl503997m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transient electronics represents an emerging class of technology that exploits materials and/or device constructs that are capable of physically disappearing or disintegrating in a controlled manner at programmed rates or times. Inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials such as silicon nanomembranes/nanoribbons provide attractive choices for active elements in transistors, diodes and other essential components of overall systems that dissolve completely by hydrolysis in biofluids or groundwater. We describe here materials, mechanics, and design layouts to achieve this type of technology in stretchable configurations with biodegradable elastomers for substrate/encapsulation layers. Experimental and theoretical results illuminate the mechanical properties under large strain deformation. Circuit characterization of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverters and individual transistors under various levels of applied loads validates the design strategies. Examples of biosensors demonstrate possibilities for stretchable, transient devices in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Hwang
- †KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- ∥Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiho Shin
- ⊥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- #Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- ∇Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- #Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yonggang Huang
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- ○Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- ◆Department of Chemistry, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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29
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Alivov Y, Funke HH, Singh V, Nagpal P. Air-pressure tunable depletion width, rectification behavior, and charge conduction in oxide nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2153-2159. [PMID: 25594471 DOI: 10.1021/am5076666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxide nanotubes provide large surface areas and functionalizable surfaces for a variety of optical and electronic applications. Here we report air-tunable rectifying behavior, depletion width modulation, and two-dimensional (2D) charge conduction in hollow titanium-dioxide nanotubes. The metal contact forms a Schottky-diode in the nanotubes, and the rectification factor (on/off ratio) can be varied by more than 3 orders of magnitude (1-2 × 10(3)) as the air pressure is increased from 2 mTorr to atmospheric pressure. This behavior is explained using a change in depletion width of these thin nanotubes by adsorption of water vapor on both surfaces of a hollow nanotube, and the resulting formation of a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction, which controls the 2D charge conduction properties in thin oxide nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Alivov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Materials Science and Engineering, and §Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado, United States
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30
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Dielacher B, Tiefenauer RF, Junesch J, Vörös J. Iodide sensing via electrochemical etching of ultrathin gold films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:025202. [PMID: 25513753 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/2/025202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Iodide is an essential element for humans and animals and insufficient intake is still a major problem. Affordable and accurate methods are required to quantify iodide concentrations in biological and environmental fluids. A simple and low cost sensing device is presented which is based on iodide induced electrochemical etching of ultrathin gold films. The sensitivity of resistance measurements to film thickness changes is increased by using films with a thickness smaller than the electron mean free path. The underlying mechanism is demonstrated by simultaneous cyclic voltammetry experiments and resistance change measurements in a buffer solution. Iodide sensing is conducted in buffer solutions as well as in lake water with limits of detection in the range of 1 μM (127 μg L(-1)) and 2 μM (254 μg L(-1)), respectively. In addition, nanoholes embedded in the thin films are tested for suitability of optical iodide sensing based on localized surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Dielacher
- Laboratory of Biosensors & Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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31
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Hoffmann MWG, Mayrhofer L, Casals O, Caccamo L, Hernandez-Ramirez F, Lilienkamp G, Daum W, Moseler M, Waag A, Shen H, Prades JD. A highly selective and self-powered gas sensor via organic surface functionalization of p-Si/n-ZnO diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:8017-22. [PMID: 25355241 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity and low power consumption are major challenges in the development of sophisticated gas sensor devices. A sensor system is presented that unifies selective sensor-gas interactions and energy-harvesting properties, using defined organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Simulations of chemical-binding interactions and the consequent electronic surface modulation give more insight into the complex sensing mechanism of selective gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W G Hoffmann
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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32
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Silver nanowire-functionalized cotton fabric. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 117:160-168. [PMID: 25498621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, general functionalization of cotton fabric by loading silver nanowires (AgNWs) on cotton surface is reported. Initially, AgNWs were synthesized by a polyol process and then were conformal coated onto individual cotton fibers through a simple "dip and dry" process. SEM images revealed a thin and uniform AgNWs coating on the cotton microfibers which was supported by a surface chemical analysis by EDX. The average electrical surface resistivity of the fabric coated with conductive network of AgNWs was measured to be 27.4 Ω/sq. Incubating the modified fabric with either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the fabric had substantial antimicrobial capacity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (100% microbial death). The fabric also showed excellent UV-blocking ability with the UV protection factor of 113.14. The fluorosilane coated AgNWs-loaded fabric displayed stable superhydrophobicity with CA and SHA values of 156.2°±3.2° and 7°, respectively.
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33
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Li W, Wei A, Zhang H, Kim D. One-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Synthesized with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Templates. MATERIALS 2014; 7:5858-5865. [PMID: 28788165 PMCID: PMC5456174 DOI: 10.3390/ma7085858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as templates for the preparation of 1D porous organic-inorganic hybrid composites. The in situ deposited SWCNT were sputter coated with Sn metal and thermally oxidized in air to form a SnO2/SWCNT nanowire framework on SiO2/Si substrate. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was coated onto this scaffold through UV light-induced radical polymerization, which resulted in the final formation of hybrid composites. The structures of hybrid composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that PAA was successfully coated and the structural advantage of nanowire was fairly maintained, which indicates that this framework is very stable for organic functionalization in solution. The simplicity of this method for the formation of porous organic-inorganic hybrid composites provides a potential application for nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Aili Wei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Huaiping Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Dojin Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305764, Korea.
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34
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Li R, Yang J, Huo N, Fan C, Lu F, Yan T, Wei Z, Li J. Effect of Electrical Contact on the Performance of Bi2S3Single Nanowire Photodetectors. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2510-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Duarte-Guevara C, Lai FL, Cheng CW, Reddy B, Salm E, Swaminathan V, Tsui YK, Tuan HC, Kalnitsky A, Liu YS, Bashir R. Enhanced Biosensing Resolution with Foundry Fabricated Individually Addressable Dual-Gated ISFETs. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8359-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501912x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Duarte-Guevara
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, 1406 West
Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fei-Lung Lai
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Bobby Reddy
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, 1406 West
Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Eric Salm
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vikhram Swaminathan
- Department
of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying-Kit Tsui
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao Chin Tuan
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Alex Kalnitsky
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shao Liu
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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36
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Kisner A, Heggen M, Mayer D, Simon U, Offenhäusser A, Mourzina Y. Probing the effect of surface chemistry on the electrical properties of ultrathin gold nanowire sensors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5146-5155. [PMID: 24589626 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin metal nanowires are ultimately analytical tools that can be used to survey the interfacial properties of the functional groups of organic molecules immobilized on nanoelectrodes. The high ratio of surface to bulk atoms makes such ultrathin nanowires extremely electrically sensitive to adsorbates and their charge and/or polarity, although little is known about the nature of surface chemistry interactions on metallic ultrathin nanowires. Here we report the first studies about the effect of functional groups of short-chain alkanethiol molecules on the electrical resistance of ultrathin gold nanowires. We fabricated ultrathin nanowire electrical sensors based on chemiresistors using conventional microfabrication techniques, so that the contact areas were passivated to leave only the surface of the nanowires exposed to the environment. By immobilizing alkanethiol molecules with head groups such as -CH3, -NH2 and -COOH on gold nanowires, we examined how the charge proximity due to protonation/deprotonation of the functional groups affects the resistance of the sensors. Electrical measurements in air and in water only indicate that beyond the gold-sulfur moiety interactions, the interfacial charge due to the acid-base chemistry of the functional groups of the molecules has a significant impact on the electrical resistance of the wires. Our data demonstrate that the degree of dissociation of the corresponding functional groups plays a major role in enhancing the surface-sensitive resistivity of the nanowires. These results stress the importance of recognizing the effect of protonation/deprotonation of the surface chemistry on the resulting electrical sensitivity of ultrathin metal nanowires and the applicability of such sensors for studying interfacial properties using electrodes of comparable size to the electrochemical double layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kisner
- Peter Grünberg Institut-8, 2Peter Grünberg Institut-5, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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37
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Lovera P, Creedon N, Alatawi H, Mitchell M, Burke M, Quinn AJ, O'Riordan A. Low-cost silver capped polystyrene nanotube arrays as super-hydrophobic substrates for SERS applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:175502. [PMID: 24717806 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/17/175502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the fabrication, simulation and characterization of dense arrays of freestanding silver capped polystyrene nanotubes, and demonstrate their suitability for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. Substrates are fabricated in a rapid, low-cost and scalable way by melt wetting of polystyrene (PS) in an anodized alumina (AAO) template, followed by silver evaporation. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that substrates are composed of a dense array of freestanding polystyrene nanotubes topped by silver nanocaps. SERS characterization of the substrates, employing a monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ABT) as a model molecule, exhibits an enhancement factor of ∼1.6 × 10(6), in agreement with 3D finite difference time domain simulations. Contact angle measurements of the substrates revealed super-hydrophobic properties, allowing pre-concentration of target analyte into a small volume. These super-hydrophobic properties of the samples are taken advantage of for sensitive detection of the organic pollutant crystal violet, with detection down to ∼400 ppt in a 2 μl aliquot demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lovera
- Nanotechnology Group, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
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38
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Silicon nanowires as field-effect transducers for biosensor development: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 825:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Dale SE, Vuorema A, Sillanpää M, Weber J, Wain AJ, Barnes EO, Compton RG, Marken F. Nano-Litre Proton/Hydrogen Titration in a Dual-Plate Platinum-Platinum Generator-Collector Electrode Micro-Trench. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Loget G, Corn RM. Silica nanowire arrays for diffraction-based bioaffinity sensing. Chemistry 2014; 20:10802-10. [PMID: 24590560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arrays of electrodeposited silica nanowires (SiO2 NWs) have been fabricated over large areas (cm(2)) on fluoropolymer thin films attached to glass substrates by a combination of photolithography and electrochemically triggered sol-gel nanoscale deposition. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements revealed that the SiO2 NW arrays had an average spacing of ten micrometers and an average width of 700 nm with a significant grain structure that was a result of the sol-gel deposition process. The optical diffraction properties at 633 nm of the SiO2 NW arrays were characterized when placed in contact with solutions by using a prism-coupled total internal reflection geometry; quantification of changes in these diffraction properties was applied in various sensing applications. Bulk refractive index sensing by using the SiO2 NW grating was demonstrated with a sensitivity of 1.30×10(-5) RIU. Toposelectively chemically modified SiO2 NW arrays were used for diffraction biosensing measurements of surface binding events, such as the electrostatic adsorption of gold nanoparticles and the bioaffinity adsorption of streptavidin onto a biotin monolayer. Finally, the application of the SiO2 NW arrays for practical medical-diagnostic applications was demonstrated by monitoring the diffraction of SiO2 NW arrays functionalized with a single-stranded (ss)DNA aptamer to detect human α-thrombin from solutions at sub-pathologic nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Loget
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA).
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Balasubramanian K, Kern K. 25th anniversary article: label-free electrical biodetection using carbon nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1154-75. [PMID: 24452968 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures are promising candidates for use as active materials for the detection of chemical and biological species, mainly due to the high surface-to-volume ratio and the unique physical properties arising at the nanoscale. Among the various nanostructures, materials comprised of sp(2) -carbon enjoy a unique position due to the possibility to readily prepare them in various dimensions ranging from 0D, through 1D to 2D. This review focuses on the use of 1D (carbon nanotubes) and 2D (graphene) carbon nanostructures for the detection of biologically relevant molecules. A key advantage is the possibility to perform the sensing operation without the use of any labels or complex reaction schemes. Along this spirit, various strategies reported for the label-free electrical detection of biomolecules using carbon nanostructures are discussed. With their promise for ultimate sensitivity and the capability to attain high selectivity through controlled chemical functionalization, carbon-based nanobiosensors are expected to open avenues to novel diagnostic tools as well as to obtain new fundamental insight into biomolecular interactions down to the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Balasubramanian
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Smith BD, Fichthorn KA, Kirby DJ, Quimby LM, Triplett DA, González P, Hernández D, Keating CD. Asymmetric van der Waals forces drive orientation of compositionally anisotropic nanocylinders within smectic arrays: experiment and simulation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:657-70. [PMID: 24308771 PMCID: PMC3926316 DOI: 10.1021/nn405312x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how micro- and nanoparticles interact is important for achieving bottom-up assembly of desired structures. Here, we examine the self-assembly of two-component, compositionally asymmetric nanocylinders that sediment from solution onto a solid surface. These particles spontaneously formed smectic arrays. Within the rows of an array, nanocylinders tended to assemble such that neighboring particles had the same orientation of their segments. As a probe of interparticle interactions, we classified nanocylinder alignments by measuring the segment orientations of many sets of neighboring particles. Monte Carlo simulations incorporating an exact expression for the van der Waals (vdW) energy indicate that differences in the vdW interactions, even when small, are the key factor in producing observed segment alignment. These results point to asymmetrical vdW interactions as a potentially powerful means of controlling orientation in multicomponent cylinder arrays, and suggest that designing for these interactions could yield new ways to control self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Kristen A. Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - David J. Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Lisa M. Quimby
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Derek A. Triplett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Pedro González
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Darimar Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Christine D. Keating
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Satheeshkumar E, Yang J. Preparation and characterization of silver film coated ZnO nanowire gas sensors based on the infrared surface enhancement effect for detection of VOCs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cao A, Sudhölter EJR, de Smet LCPM. Silicon nanowire-based devices for gas-phase sensing. SENSORS 2013; 14:245-71. [PMID: 24368699 PMCID: PMC3926556 DOI: 10.3390/s140100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 2001, SiNW-based sensor devices have attracted considerable interest as a general platform for ultra-sensitive, electrical detection of biological and chemical species. Most studies focus on detecting, sensing and monitoring analytes in aqueous solution, but the number of studies on sensing gases and vapors using SiNW-based devices is increasing. This review gives an overview of selected research papers related to the application of electrical SiNW-based devices in the gas phase that have been reported over the past 10 years. Special attention is given to surface modification strategies and the sensing principles involved. In addition, future steps and technological challenges in this field are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis C P M de Smet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2628 BL, The Netherlands.
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Ma Y, Qu Y, Zhou W. Surface engineering of one-dimensional tin oxide nanostructures for chemical sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Presnov DE, Amitonov SV, Krutitskii PA, Kolybasova VV, Devyatov IA, Krupenin VA, Soloviev II. A highly pH-sensitive nanowire field-effect transistor based on silicon on insulator. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 4:330-335. [PMID: 23766958 PMCID: PMC3678403 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An experimental and theoretical study of a silicon-nanowire field-effect transistor made of silicon on insulator by CMOS-compatible methods is presented. RESULTS A maximum Nernstian sensitivity to pH change of 59 mV/pH was obtained experimentally. The maximum charge sensitivity of the sensor was estimated to be on the order of a thousandth of the electron charge in subthreshold mode. CONCLUSION The sensitivity obtained for our sensor built in the CMOS-compatible top-down approach does not yield to the one of sensors built in bottom-up approaches. This provides a good background for the development of CMOS-compatible probes with primary signal processing on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Presnov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory of Cryoelectronics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey V Amitonov
- Laboratory of Cryoelectronics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor A Devyatov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Krupenin
- Laboratory of Cryoelectronics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor I Soloviev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Wang B, Haick H. Effect of functional groups on the sensing properties of silicon nanowires toward volatile compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2289-2299. [PMID: 23452335 DOI: 10.1021/am4004649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular layers attached to a silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW FET) can serve as antennas for signal transduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nevertheless, the mutual relationship between the molecular layers and VOCs is still a puzzle. In the present paper, we explore the effect of the molecular layer's end (functional) groups on the sensing properties of VOCs. Toward this end, SiNW FETs were modified with tailor-made molecular layers that have the same backbone but differ in their end groups. Changes in the threshold voltage (ΔVth) and changes in the mobility (Δμh) were then recorded upon exposure to various VOCs. Model-based analysis indicates that the interaction between molecular layers and VOCs can be classified to three main scenarios: (a) dipole-dipole interaction between the molecular layer and the polar VOCs; (b) induced dipole-dipole interaction between the molecular layers and the nonpolar VOCs; and (c) molecular layer tilt as a result of VOCs diffusion. Based on these scenarios, it is likely that the electron-donating/withdrawing properties of the functional groups control the dipole moment orientation of the adsorbed VOCs and, as a result, determine the direction (or sign) of the ΔVth. Additionally, it is likely the diffusion of VOCs into the molecular layer, determined by the type of functional groups, is the main reason for the Δμh responses. The reported findings are expected to provide an efficient way to design chemical sensors that are based on SiNW FETs to nonpolar VOCs, which do not exchange carriers with the molecular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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McKelvey K, O'Connell MA, Unwin PR. Meniscus confined fabrication of multidimensional conducting polymer nanostructures with scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2986-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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