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Farhang Doost N, Srivastava SK. A Comprehensive Review of Organ-on-a-Chip Technology and Its Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:225. [PMID: 38785699 PMCID: PMC11118005 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging technology that simulates an artificial organ within a microfluidic cell culture chip. Current cell biology research focuses on in vitro cell cultures due to various limitations of in vivo testing. Unfortunately, in-vitro cell culturing fails to provide an accurate microenvironment, and in vivo cell culturing is expensive and has historically been a source of ethical controversy. OOC aims to overcome these shortcomings and provide the best of both in vivo and in vitro cell culture research. The critical component of the OOC design is utilizing microfluidics to ensure a stable concentration gradient, dynamic mechanical stress modeling, and accurate reconstruction of a cellular microenvironment. OOC also has the advantage of complete observation and control of the system, which is impossible to recreate in in-vivo research. Multiple throughputs, channels, membranes, and chambers are constructed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) array to simulate various organs on a chip. Various experiments can be performed utilizing OOC technology, including drug delivery research and toxicology. Current technological expansions involve multiple organ microenvironments on a single chip, allowing for studying inter-tissue interactions. Other developments in the OOC technology include finding a more suitable material as a replacement for PDMS and minimizing artefactual error and non-translatable differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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2
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Filan C, Charles S, Casteleiro Costa P, Niu W, Cheng BF, Wen Z, Lu H, Robles FE. Non-Invasive Label-free Analysis Pipeline for In Situ Characterization of Differentiation in 3D Brain Organoid Models. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4049577. [PMID: 38645145 PMCID: PMC11030508 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4049577/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids provide a unique opportunity to model organ development in a system similar to human organogenesis in vivo. Brain organoids thus hold great promise for drug screening and disease modeling. Conventional approaches to organoid characterization predominantly rely on molecular analysis methods, which are expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and involve the destruction of the valuable 3D architecture of the organoids. This reliance on end-point assays makes it challenging to assess cellular and subcellular events occurring during organoid development in their 3D context. As a result, the long developmental processes are not monitored nor assessed. The ability to perform non-invasive assays is critical for longitudinally assessing features of organoid development during culture. In this paper, we demonstrate a label-free high-content imaging approach for observing changes in organoid morphology and structural changes occurring at the cellular and subcellular level. Enabled by microfluidic-based culture of 3D cell systems and a novel 3D quantitative phase imaging method, we demonstrate the ability to perform non-destructive high-resolution imaging of the organoid. The highlighted results demonstrated in this paper provide a new approach to performing live, non-destructive monitoring of organoid systems during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Filan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Seleipiri Charles
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Paloma Casteleiro Costa
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Weibo Niu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Brian F. Cheng
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology and Neurology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
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3
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Wang X, Almet AA, Nie Q. The promising application of cell-cell interaction analysis in cancer from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:42-51. [PMID: 37454878 PMCID: PMC10627116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions instruct cell fate and function. These interactions are hijacked to promote cancer development. Single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics have become powerful new tools for researchers to profile the transcriptional landscape of cancer at unparalleled genetic depth. In this review, we discuss the rapidly growing array of computational tools to infer cell-cell interactions from non-spatial single-cell RNA-sequencing and the limited but growing number of methods for spatial transcriptomics data. Downstream analyses of these computational tools and applications to cancer studies are highlighted. We finish by suggesting several directions for further extensions that anticipate the increasing availability of multi-omics cancer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Axel A Almet
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
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4
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Fattahi P, de Hoyos-Vega JM, Choi JH, Duffy CD, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Ishida Y, Nguyen KM, Gwon K, Peterson QP, Saito T, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Guiding Hepatic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using 3D Microfluidic Co-Cultures with Human Hepatocytes. Cells 2023; 12:1982. [PMID: 37566061 PMCID: PMC10417547 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are capable of unlimited proliferation and can undergo differentiation to give rise to cells and tissues of the three primary germ layers. While directing lineage selection of hPSCs has been an active area of research, improving the efficiency of differentiation remains an important objective. In this study, we describe a two-compartment microfluidic device for co-cultivation of adult human hepatocytes and stem cells. Both cell types were cultured in a 3D or spheroid format. Adult hepatocytes remained highly functional in the microfluidic device over the course of 4 weeks and served as a source of instructive paracrine cues to drive hepatic differentiation of stem cells cultured in the neighboring compartment. The differentiation of stem cells was more pronounced in microfluidic co-cultures compared to a standard hepatic differentiation protocol. In addition to improving stem cell differentiation outcomes, the microfluidic co-culture system described here may be used for parsing signals and mechanisms controlling hepatic cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose M. de Hoyos-Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Jong Hoon Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Caden D. Duffy
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Alan M. Gonzalez-Suarez
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.I.); (T.S.)
- Research and Development Unit, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kianna M. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Kihak Gwon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Quinn P. Peterson
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.F.); (J.M.d.H.-V.); (J.H.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.M.G.-S.); (K.M.N.); (K.G.); (Q.P.P.); (G.S.)
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5
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McElroy M, Green K, Voulgarakis NK. Self-Regulated Symmetry Breaking Model for Stem Cell Differentiation. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25050815. [PMID: 37238570 DOI: 10.3390/e25050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In conventional disorder-order phase transitions, a system shifts from a highly symmetric state, where all states are equally accessible (disorder) to a less symmetric state with a limited number of available states (order). This transition may occur by varying a control parameter that represents the intrinsic noise of the system. It has been suggested that stem cell differentiation can be considered as a sequence of such symmetry-breaking events. Pluripotent stem cells, with their capacity to develop into any specialized cell type, are considered highly symmetric systems. In contrast, differentiated cells have lower symmetry, as they can only carry out a limited number of functions. For this hypothesis to be valid, differentiation should emerge collectively in stem cell populations. Additionally, such populations must have the ability to self-regulate intrinsic noise and navigate through a critical point where spontaneous symmetry breaking (differentiation) occurs. This study presents a mean-field model for stem cell populations that considers the interplay of cell-cell cooperativity, cell-to-cell variability, and finite-size effects. By introducing a feedback mechanism to control intrinsic noise, the model can self-tune through different bifurcation points, facilitating spontaneous symmetry breaking. Standard stability analysis showed that the system can potentially differentiate into several cell types mathematically expressed as stable nodes and limit cycles. The existence of a Hopf bifurcation in our model is discussed in light of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelynn McElroy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kaylie Green
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Voulgarakis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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6
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A Cataño J, Farthing S, Mascarenhas Z, Lake N, Yarlagadda PKDV, Li Z, Toh YC. A User-Centric 3D-Printed Modular Peristaltic Pump for Microfluidic Perfusion Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050930. [PMID: 37241553 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology has enabled studies on dynamic physiological conditions as well as being deployed in drug testing applications. A microfluidic pump is an essential component to perform perfusion cell culture in OoC devices. However, it is challenging to have a single pump that can fulfil both the customization function needed to mimic a myriad of physiological flow rates and profiles found in vivo and multiplexing requirements (i.e., low cost, small footprint) for drug testing operations. The advent of 3D printing technology and open-source programmable electronic controllers presents an opportunity to democratize the fabrication of mini-peristaltic pumps suitable for microfluidic applications at a fraction of the cost of commercial microfluidic pumps. However, existing 3D-printed peristaltic pumps have mainly focused on demonstrating the feasibility of using 3D printing to fabricate the structural components of the pump and neglected user experience and customization capability. Here, we present a user-centric programmable 3D-printed mini-peristaltic pump with a compact design and low manufacturing cost (~USD 175) suitable for perfusion OoC culture applications. The pump consists of a user-friendly, wired electronic module that controls the operation of a peristaltic pump module. The peristaltic pump module comprises an air-sealed stepper motor connected to a 3D-printed peristaltic assembly, which can withstand the high-humidity environment of a cell culture incubator. We demonstrated that this pump allows users to either program the electronic module or use different-sized tubing to deliver a wide range of flow rates and flow profiles. The pump also has multiplexing capability as it can accommodate multiple tubing. The performance and user-friendliness of this low-cost, compact pump can be easily deployed for various OoC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Cataño
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
| | - Steven Farthing
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Zeus Mascarenhas
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Lake
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central 4300, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
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7
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Xu W, Gao L, Li W, Wang J, Yue Y, Li X. The adaptation of bovine embryonic stem cells to the changes of feeder layers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:85-99. [PMID: 36847888 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the feeder-free culture system has been established, the microenvironment provided by the feeder cells still possesses a unique advantage in maintaining the long-term stability and the rapid proliferation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The aim of this study is to discover the adaptive ability of PSCs upon changes of feeder layers. In this study, the morphology, pluripotent marker expression, differentiation ability of bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs) cultured on low-density, or methanol fixed mouse embryonic fibroblasts were examined by immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and RNA-seq. The results showed that the changes of feeder layers did not induce the rapid differentiation of bESCs, while resulting in the differentiation initiation and alteration of pluripotent state of bESCs. More importantly, the expression of endogenous growth factors and extracellular matrix were increased, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules was altered, which indicated that bESCs may compensate some functions of the feeder layers upon its changes. This study shows the PSCs have the self-adaptive ability responded to the feeder layer alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingna Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Vega JMDH, Hong HJ, Loutherback K, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. A Microfluidic Device for Long-Term Maintenance of Organotypic Liver Cultures. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201121. [PMID: 36818276 PMCID: PMC9937715 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cultures may be used for disease modeling, testing therapies and predicting drug-induced injury. The complexity of the liver cultures has evolved from hepatocyte monocultures to co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells and finally to precision-cut liver slices. The latter culture format retains liver's native biomolecular and cellular complexity and therefore holds considerable promise for in vitro testing. However, liver slices remain functional for ~72 h in vitro and display limited utility for some disease modeling and therapy testing applications that require longer culture times. This paper describes a microfluidic device for longer-term maintenance of functional organotypic liver cultures. Our microfluidic culture system was designed to enable direct injection of liver tissue into a culture chamber through a valve-enabled side port. Liver tissue was embedded in collagen and remained functional for up to 31 days, highlighted by continued production of albumin and urea. These organotypic cultures also expressed several enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Conversely, matched liver tissue embedded in collagen in a 96-well plate lost its phenotype and function within 3-5 days. The microfluidic organotypic liver cultures described here represent a significant advance in liver cultivation and may be used for future modeling of liver diseases or for individualized liver-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. de Hoyos Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Loutherback
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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9
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Zommiti M, Connil N, Tahrioui A, Groboillot A, Barbey C, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ. Organs-on-Chips Platforms Are Everywhere: A Zoom on Biomedical Investigation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:646. [PMID: 36354557 PMCID: PMC9687856 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, conventional in vitro culture systems and animal models have been used to study physiology, nutrient or drug metabolisms including mechanical and physiopathological aspects. However, there is an urgent need for Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) and more sophisticated platforms and devices to approach the real complexity of human physiology and provide reliable extrapolations for clinical investigations and personalized medicine. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC), also known as a microphysiological system, is a state-of-the-art microfluidic cell culture technology that sums up cells or tissue-to-tissue interfaces, fluid flows, mechanical cues, and organ-level physiology, and it has been developed to fill the gap between in vitro experimental models and human pathophysiology. The wide range of OOC platforms involves the miniaturization of cell culture systems and enables a variety of novel experimental techniques. These range from modeling the independent effects of biophysical forces on cells to screening novel drugs in multi-organ microphysiological systems, all within microscale devices. As in living biosystems, the development of vascular structure is the salient feature common to almost all organ-on-a-chip platforms. Herein, we provide a snapshot of this fast-evolving sophisticated technology. We will review cutting-edge developments and advances in the OOC realm, discussing current applications in the biomedical field with a detailed description of how this technology has enabled the reconstruction of complex multi-scale and multifunctional matrices and platforms (at the cellular and tissular levels) leading to an acute understanding of the physiopathological features of human ailments and infections in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
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10
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Kim H, Sa JK, Kim J, Cho HJ, Oh HJ, Choi D, Kang S, Jeong DE, Nam D, Lee H, Lee HW, Chung S. Recapitulated Crosstalk between Cerebral Metastatic Lung Cancer Cells and Brain Perivascular Tumor Microenvironment in a Microfluidic Co-Culture Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201785. [PMID: 35657027 PMCID: PMC9353479 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which affects the brain, is fatal and resistant to anti-cancer therapies. Despite innate, distinct characteristics of the brain from other organs, the underlying delicate crosstalk between brain metastatic NSCLC (BM-NSCLC) cells and brain tumor microenvironment (bTME) associated with tumor evolution remains elusive. Here, a novel 3D microfluidic tri-culture platform is proposed for recapitulating positive feedback from BM-NSCLC and astrocytes and brain-specific endothelial cells, two major players in bTME. Advanced imaging and quantitative functional assessment of the 3D tri-culture model enable real-time live imaging of cell viability and separate analyses of genomic/molecular/secretome from each subset. Susceptibility of multiple patient-derived BM-NSCLCs to representative targeted agents is altered and secretion of serpin E1, interleukin-8, and secreted phosphoprotein 1, which are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome, is increased in tri-culture. Notably, multiple signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and cancer metastasis are activated in BM-NSCLC through interaction with two bTME cell types. This novel platform offers a tool to elucidate potential molecular targets and for effective anti-cancer therapy targeting the crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells and adjacent components of bTME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jason K. Sa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesKorea University College of MedicineSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and TechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hee Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Seok‐Hyeon Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Bioscience division, Life Sciences and Laboratory Products GroupThermo Fisher Scientific SolutionsSeoul06349Republic of Korea
| | - Do‐Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer ResearchSamsung Medical CenterSeoul06351Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul06351Republic of Korea
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic CancerNational Cancer CenterGoyang10408Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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11
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Blocking phospholamban with VHH intrabodies enhances contractility and relaxation in heart failure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3018. [PMID: 35641497 PMCID: PMC9156741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulated physical interaction between two intracellular membrane proteins, the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase and its reversible inhibitor phospholamban, induces heart failure by inhibiting calcium cycling. While phospholamban is a bona-fide therapeutic target, approaches to selectively inhibit this protein remain elusive. Here, we report the in vivo application of intracellular acting antibodies (intrabodies), derived from the variable domain of camelid heavy-chain antibodies, to modulate the function of phospholamban. Using a synthetic VHH phage-display library, we identify intrabodies with high affinity and specificity for different conformational states of phospholamban. Rapid phenotypic screening, via modified mRNA transfection of primary cells and tissue, efficiently identifies the intrabody with most desirable features. Adeno-associated virus mediated delivery of this intrabody results in improvement of cardiac performance in a murine heart failure model. Our strategy for generating intrabodies to investigate cardiac disease combined with modified mRNA and adeno-associated virus screening could reveal unique future therapeutic opportunities. Here the authors use modified RNA and VHH libraries to generate intrabodies that target dysregulated interactions between two calcium handling proteins in failing cardiomyocytes. Heart specific expression of the intrabodies in a murine heart failure model results in improved cardiac function.
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12
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Abstract
Cell manipulation in droplets has emerged as one of the great successes of microfluidic technologies, with the development of single-cell screening. However, the droplet format has also served to go beyond single-cell studies, namely by considering the interactions between different cells or between cells and their physical or chemical environment. These studies pose specific challenges linked to the need for long-term culture of adherent cells or the diverse types of measurements associated with complex biological phenomena. Here we review the emergence of droplet microfluidic methods for culturing cells and studying their interactions. We begin by characterizing the quantitative aspects that determine the ability to encapsulate cells, transport molecules, and provide sufficient nutrients within the droplets. This is followed by an evaluation of the biological constraints such as the control of the biochemical environment and promoting the anchorage of adherent cells. This first part ends with a description of measurement methods that have been developed. The second part of the manuscript focuses on applications of these technologies for cancer studies, immunology, and stem cells while paying special attention to the biological relevance of the cellular assays and providing guidelines on improving this relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gustave Ronteix
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shreyansh Jain
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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13
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Riggs MJ, Sheridan SD, Rao RR. ARHGDIA Confers Selective Advantage to Dissociated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:705-713. [PMID: 34036793 PMCID: PMC8309423 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have generated significant interest in the scientific community based on their potential applications in regenerative medicine. However, numerous research groups have reported a propensity for genomic alterations during hPSC culture that poses concerns for basic research and clinical applications. Work from our laboratory and others has demonstrated that amplification of chromosomal regions is correlated with increased gene expression. To date, the phenotypic association of common genomic alterations remains unclear and is a cause for concern during clinical use. In this study, we focus on trisomy 17 and a list of candidate genes with increased gene expression to hypothesize that overexpressing 17q25 located ARHGDIA will confer selective advantage to hPSCs. HPSC lines overexpressing ARHGDIA exhibited culture dominance in co-cultures of overexpression lines with nonoverexpression lines. Furthermore, during low-density seeding, we demonstrate increased clonality of our ARHGDIA lines against matched controls. A striking observation is that we could reduce this selective advantage by varying the hPSC culture conditions with the addition of ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi). This work is unique in (1) demonstrating a novel gene that confers selective advantage to hPSCs when overexpressed and may help explain a common trisomy dominance, (2) providing a selection model for studying culture conditions that reduce the appearance of genomically altered hPSCs, and (3) aiding in elucidation of a mechanism that may act as a molecular switch during culture adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Riggs
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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14
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Vollertsen AR, Den SAT, Schwach V, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD, Odijk M. Highly parallelized human embryonic stem cell differentiation to cardiac mesoderm in nanoliter chambers on a microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 34059973 PMCID: PMC8166733 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived cells and tissues hold considerable potential for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. The generation, culture and differentiation of stem cells in low-volume, automated and parallelized microfluidic chips hold great promise to accelerate the research in this domain. Here, we show that we can differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to early cardiac mesodermal cells in microfluidic chambers that have a volume of only 30 nanoliters, using discontinuous medium perfusion. 64 of these chambers were parallelized on a chip which contained integrated valves to spatiotemporally isolate the chambers and automate cell culture medium exchanges. To confirm cell pluripotency, we tracked hESC proliferation and immunostained the cells for pluripotency markers SOX2 and OCT3/4. During differentiation, we investigated the effect of different medium perfusion frequencies on cell reorganization and the expression of the early cardiac mesoderm reporter MESP1mCherry by live-cell imaging. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic technology can be used to automatically culture, differentiate and study hESC in very low-volume culture chambers even without continuous medium perfusion. This result is an important step towards further automation and parallelization in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Vollertsen
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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15
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Spiteri C, Caprettini V, Chiappini C. Biomaterials-based approaches to model embryogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:6992-7013. [PMID: 33136109 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding, reproducing, and regulating the cellular and molecular processes underlying human embryogenesis is critical to improve our ability to recapitulate tissues with proper architecture and function, and to address the dysregulation of embryonic programs that underlies birth defects and cancer. The rapid emergence of stem cell technologies is enabling enormous progress in understanding embryogenesis using simple, powerful, and accessible in vitro models. Biomaterials are playing a central role in providing the spatiotemporal organisation of biophysical and biochemical signalling necessary to mimic, regulate and dissect the evolving embryonic niche in vitro. This contribution is rapidly improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying embryonic patterning, in turn enabling the development of more effective clinical interventions for regenerative medicine and oncology. Here we highlight how key biomaterial approaches contribute to organise signalling in human embryogenesis models, and we summarise the biological insights gained from these contributions. Importantly, we highlight how nanotechnology approaches have remained largely untapped in this space, and we identify their key potential contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Spiteri
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
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16
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Morshedi Rad D, Alsadat Rad M, Razavi Bazaz S, Kashaninejad N, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A Comprehensive Review on Intracellular Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005363. [PMID: 33594744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is considered an indispensable process for various studies, ranging from medical applications (cell-based therapy) to fundamental (genome-editing) and industrial (biomanufacture) approaches. Conventional macroscale delivery systems critically suffer from such issues as low cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inconsistent material delivery, which have opened up an interest in the development of more efficient intracellular delivery systems. In line with the advances in microfluidics and nanotechnology, intracellular delivery based on micro- and nanoengineered platforms has progressed rapidly and held great promises owing to their unique features. These approaches have been advanced to introduce a smorgasbord of diverse cargoes into various cell types with the maximum efficiency and the highest precision. This review differentiates macro-, micro-, and nanoengineered approaches for intracellular delivery. The macroengineered delivery platforms are first summarized and then each method is categorized based on whether it employs a carrier- or membrane-disruption-mediated mechanism to load cargoes inside the cells. Second, particular emphasis is placed on the micro- and nanoengineered advances in the delivery of biomolecules inside the cells. Furthermore, the applications and challenges of the established and emerging delivery approaches are summarized. The topic is concluded by evaluating the future perspective of intracellular delivery toward the micro- and nanoengineered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maryam Alsadat Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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17
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Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Miranda CC, Cabral JMS. Modeling the Human Body on Microfluidic Chips. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:838-852. [PMID: 33581889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals often fail to faithfully mimic human diseases and drug toxicities, and most in vitro models are not complex enough to recapitulate human body function and pathophysiology. Organ-on-chip culture technology, however, offers a promising tool for the study of tissue development and homeostasis, which has brought us one step closer to performing human experimentation in vitro. To recapitulate the complex functionality of multiple organs at once, their respective on-chip models can be linked to create a functional human body-on-chip platform. Here, we highlight the advantages and translational potentials of body-on-chip platforms in disease modeling, therapeutic development, and personalized medicine. We provide the reader with current limitations of the body-on-chip approach and new ideas to address the pending issues moving forwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cláudia C Miranda
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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18
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Sart S, Jeske R, Chen X, Ma T, Li Y. Engineering Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrices: Decellularization, Characterization, and Biological Function. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:402-422. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Department of Genome and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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19
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Jackson-Holmes EL, Schaefer AW, McDevitt TC, Lu H. Microfluidic perfusion modulates growth and motor neuron differentiation of stem cell aggregates. Analyst 2020; 145:4815-4826. [PMID: 32515433 PMCID: PMC8102133 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies provide many advantages for studying differentiation of three-dimensional (3D) stem cell aggregates, including the ability to control the culture microenvironment, isolate individual aggregates for longitudinal tracking, and perform imaging-based assays. However, applying microfluidics to studying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation requires an understanding of how microfluidic culture conditions impact cell phenotypes. Conventional cell culture techniques cannot directly be applied to the microscale, as microscale culture varies from macroscale culture in multiple aspects. Therefore, the objective of this work was to explore key parameters in microfluidic culture of 3D stem cell aggregates and to understand how these parameters influence stem cell behavior and differentiation. These studies were done in the context of differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to motor neurons (MNs). We assessed how media exchange frequency modulates the biochemical microenvironment, including availability of exogenous factors (e.g. nutrients, small molecule additives) and cell-secreted molecules, and thereby impacts differentiation. The results of these studies provide guidance on how key characteristics of 3D cell cultures can be considered when designing microfluidic culture parameters. We demonstrate that discontinuous perfusion is effective at supporting stem cell aggregate growth. We find that there is a balance between the frequency of media exchange, which is needed to ensure that cells are not nutrient-limited, and the need to allow accumulation of cell-secreted factors to promote differentiation. Finally, we show how microfluidic device geometries can influence transport of biomolecules and potentially promote asymmetric spatial differentiation. These findings are instructive for future work in designing devices and experiments for culture of cell aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Jackson-Holmes
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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Cheng CL, Yang SC, Lai CY, Wang CK, Chang CF, Lin CY, Chen WJ, Lin PY, Wu HC, Ma N, Lu FL, Lu J. CXCL14 Maintains hESC Self-Renewal through Binding to IGF-1R and Activation of the IGF-1R Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071706. [PMID: 32708730 PMCID: PMC7407311 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have important roles in regenerative medicine, but only a few studies have investigated the cytokines secreted by hESCs. We screened and identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14), which plays crucial roles in hESC renewal. CXCL14, a C-X-C motif chemokine, is also named as breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK), B cell and monocyte-activated chemokine (BMAC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2γ (MIP-2γ). Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupted the hESC self-renewal, changed cell cycle distribution, and further increased the expression levels of mesoderm and endoderm differentiated markers. Interestingly, we demonstrated that CXCL14 is the ligand for the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and it can activate IGF-1R signal transduction to support hESC renewal. Currently published literature indicates that all receptors in the CXCL family are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This report is the first to demonstrate that a CXCL protein can bind to and activate a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and also the first to show that IGF-1R has another ligand in addition to IGFs. These findings broaden our understanding of stem cell biology and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Shang-Chih Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan;
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jean Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, National RNAi Platform, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
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21
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Cui KW, Engel L, Dundes CE, Nguyen TC, Loh KM, Dunn AR. Spatially controlled stem cell differentiation via morphogen gradients: A comparison of static and dynamic microfluidic platforms. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. A, VACUUM, SURFACES, AND FILMS : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY 2020; 38:033205. [PMID: 32255900 PMCID: PMC7093209 DOI: 10.1116/1.5142012#suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to harness the processes by which complex tissues arise during embryonic development would improve the ability to engineer complex tissuelike constructs in vitro-a longstanding goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In embryos, uniform populations of stem cells are exposed to spatial gradients of diffusible extracellular signaling proteins, known as morphogens. Varying levels of these signaling proteins induce stem cells to differentiate into distinct cell types at different positions along the gradient, thus creating spatially patterned tissues. Here, the authors describe two straightforward and easy-to-adopt microfluidic strategies to expose human pluripotent stem cells in vitro to spatial gradients of desired differentiation-inducing extracellular signals. Both approaches afford a high degree of control over the distribution of extracellular signals, while preserving the viability of the cultured stem cells. The first microfluidic platform is commercially available and entails static culture, whereas the second microfluidic platform requires fabrication and dynamic fluid exchange. In each platform, the authors first computationally modeled the spatial distribution of differentiation-inducing extracellular signals. Then, the authors used each platform to expose human pluripotent stem cells to a gradient of these signals (in this case, inducing a cell type known as the primitive streak), resulting in a regionalized culture with differentiated primitive streak cells predominately localized on one side and undifferentiated stem cells at the other side of the device. By combining this approach with a fluorescent reporter for differentiated cells and live-cell fluorescence imaging, the authors characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of primitive streak differentiation within the induced signaling gradients. Microfluidic approaches to create precisely controlled morphogen gradients will add to the stem cell and developmental biology toolkit, and may eventually pave the way to create increasingly spatially patterned tissuelike constructs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara W Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Leeya Engel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Carolyn E Dundes
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Tina C Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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22
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Cui KW, Engel L, Dundes CE, Nguyen TC, Loh KM, Dunn AR. Spatially controlled stem cell differentiation via morphogen gradients: A comparison of static and dynamic microfluidic platforms. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. A, VACUUM, SURFACES, AND FILMS : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY 2020; 38:033205. [PMID: 32255900 PMCID: PMC7093209 DOI: 10.1116/1.5142012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to harness the processes by which complex tissues arise during embryonic development would improve the ability to engineer complex tissuelike constructs in vitro-a longstanding goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In embryos, uniform populations of stem cells are exposed to spatial gradients of diffusible extracellular signaling proteins, known as morphogens. Varying levels of these signaling proteins induce stem cells to differentiate into distinct cell types at different positions along the gradient, thus creating spatially patterned tissues. Here, the authors describe two straightforward and easy-to-adopt microfluidic strategies to expose human pluripotent stem cells in vitro to spatial gradients of desired differentiation-inducing extracellular signals. Both approaches afford a high degree of control over the distribution of extracellular signals, while preserving the viability of the cultured stem cells. The first microfluidic platform is commercially available and entails static culture, whereas the second microfluidic platform requires fabrication and dynamic fluid exchange. In each platform, the authors first computationally modeled the spatial distribution of differentiation-inducing extracellular signals. Then, the authors used each platform to expose human pluripotent stem cells to a gradient of these signals (in this case, inducing a cell type known as the primitive streak), resulting in a regionalized culture with differentiated primitive streak cells predominately localized on one side and undifferentiated stem cells at the other side of the device. By combining this approach with a fluorescent reporter for differentiated cells and live-cell fluorescence imaging, the authors characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of primitive streak differentiation within the induced signaling gradients. Microfluidic approaches to create precisely controlled morphogen gradients will add to the stem cell and developmental biology toolkit, and may eventually pave the way to create increasingly spatially patterned tissuelike constructs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara W Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Leeya Engel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Carolyn E Dundes
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Tina C Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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23
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Curtis A, Cheng JJ, Hui EE. Cell patterning by surface tension pinning in microfluidic channels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:024102. [PMID: 32161633 PMCID: PMC7058426 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method to pattern multiple cell populations inside a microfluidic channel. The microchannel is partially filled with a cell suspension, and the position of the liquid boundary remains pinned by surface tension. Cells then adhere only in the filled portion of the channel, producing a very sharp boundary. The process can be performed in an unmodified microfluidic channel with only a manual syringe and can be repeated multiple times to pattern cocultures or tricultures. We demonstrate the patterning method with two different mammalian cell types, 3T3 fibroblasts and NMuMG epithelial cells, and channel heights of 1.5 mm and 0.5 mm. We anticipate that this method will be useful for studies of cell-cell interactions where precise control of the fluidic microenvironment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Curtis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2715, USA
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24
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The Influence of Cell Culture Density on the Cytotoxicity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Induced by L-Ascorbic Acid-2-Phosphate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:104. [PMID: 31919399 PMCID: PMC6952413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (A2-P) is an oxidation-resistant derivative of ascorbic acid that has been widely employed in culturing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for faster expansion and cell sheet formation. While high dose ascorbic acid is known to induce cellular apoptosis via metabolic stress and genotoxic effects, potential cytotoxic effects of A2-P at high concentrations has not been explored. In this study, the relationship between ASC seeding density and A2-P-induced cytotoxicity was investigated. Spheroid-derived ASCs with smaller cellular dimensions were generated to investigate the effect of cell-cell contact on the resistance to A2-P-induced cytotoxicity. Decreased viability of ASC, fibroblast, and spheroid-derived ASC was noted at higher A2-P concentration, and it could be reverted with high seeding density. Compared to control ASCs, spheroid-derived ASCs seeded at the same density exhibited decreased viability in the A2-P-supplemented medium. The expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD1, and SOD2) was enhanced in ASCs at higher seeding densities. However, their enhanced expression in spheroid-derived ASCs was less evident. Furthermore, we found that co-administration of catalase or N-acetylcysteine nullified the observed cytotoxicity. Collectively, A2-P can induce ASC cytotoxicity at higher concentrations, which can be prevented by seeding ASCs at high density or co-administration of another antioxidant.
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25
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Fattahi P, Haque A, Son KJ, Guild J, Revzin A. Microfluidic devices, accumulation of endogenous signals and stem cell fate selection. Differentiation 2019; 112:39-46. [PMID: 31884176 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amranul Haque
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Guild
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Arora S, Lam AJY, Cheung C, Yim EKF, Toh YC. Determination of critical shear stress for maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells towards an arterial subtype. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1164-1175. [PMID: 30597522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) present an attractive alternative to primary EC sources for vascular grafting. However, there is a need to mature them towards either an arterial or venous subtype. A vital environmental factor involved in the arteriovenous specification of ECs during early embryonic development is fluid shear stress; therefore, there have been attempts to employ adult arterial shear stress conditions to mature hPSC-ECs. However, hPSC-ECs are naïve to fluid shear stress, and their shear responses are still not well understood. Here, we used a multiplex microfluidic platform to systematically investigate the dose-time shear responses on hPSC-EC morphology and arterial-venous phenotypes over a range of magnitudes coincidental with physiological levels of embryonic and adult vasculatures. The device comprised of six parallel cell culture chambers that were individually linked to flow-setting resistance channels, allowing us to simultaneously apply shear stress ranging from 0.4 to 15 dyne/cm 2 . We found that hPSC-ECs required up to 40 hr of shear exposure to elicit a stable phenotypic change. Cell alignment was visible at shear stress <1 dyne/cm 2 , which was independent of shear stress magnitude and duration of exposure. We discovered that the arterial markers NOTCH1 and EphrinB2 exhibited a dose-dependent increase in a similar manner beyond a threshold level of 3.8 dyne/cm 2 , whereas the venous markers COUP-TFII and EphB4 expression remained relatively constant across different magnitudes. These findings indicated that hPSC-ECs were sensitive to relatively low magnitudes of shear stress, and a critical level of ~4 dyne/cm 2 was sufficient to preferentially enhance their maturation into an arterial phenotype for future vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adele Jing Ying Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Sances S, Ho R, Vatine G, West D, Laperle A, Meyer A, Godoy M, Kay PS, Mandefro B, Hatata S, Hinojosa C, Wen N, Sareen D, Hamilton GA, Svendsen CN. Human iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells and Microengineered Organ-Chip Enhance Neuronal Development. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1222-1236. [PMID: 29576540 PMCID: PMC5998748 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived models of development and neurodegenerative diseases are challenged by cellular immaturity in vitro. Microengineered organ-on-chip (or Organ-Chip) systems are designed to emulate microvolume cytoarchitecture and enable co-culture of distinct cell types. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) share common signaling pathways with neurons early in development, but their contribution to human neuronal maturation is largely unknown. To study this interaction and influence of microculture, we derived both spinal motor neurons and BMECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells and observed increased calcium transient function and Chip-specific gene expression in Organ-Chips compared with 96-well plates. Seeding BMECs in the Organ-Chip led to vascular-neural interaction and specific gene activation that further enhanced neuronal function and in vivo-like signatures. The results show that the vascular system has specific maturation effects on spinal cord neural tissue, and the use of Organ-Chips can move stem cell models closer to an in vivo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sances
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Ritchie Ho
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gad Vatine
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dylan West
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Alex Laperle
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Amanda Meyer
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Marlesa Godoy
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul S Kay
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Berhan Mandefro
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Seigo Hatata
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chris Hinojosa
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Norman Wen
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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28
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Gheibi P, Son KJ, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Harnessing endogenous signals from hepatocytes using a low volume multi-well plate. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:427-435. [PMID: 28353687 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells that lose their phenotype and function when removed from the in vivo environment. Given the importance of hepatic cultures for drug toxicity, bioartificial liver assist devices and basic biology studies, considerable efforts have been focused on the maintenance of hepatic function in vitro. The methods used to date include co-cultivation of hepatocytes with stromal cells, organizing these cells into spheroids and imbedding them into bioactive gels. Our team has recently demonstrated that primary rat hepatocytes confined to microfluidic channels in the absence of convection maintained the epithelial phenotype through upregulation of endogenous signals including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The objective of the present study was to transition from microfluidic devices, which are somewhat specialized and challenging to use, towards low volume multiwell plates ubiquitous in biology laboratories. Using a combination of 3D printing and micromolding we have constructed inserts that can be placed into standard 12-well plates and can be used to create low volume culture conditions under which primary hepatocytes maintained a differentiated phenotype. This phenotype enhancement was confirmed by hepatic function assays including albumin synthesis and expression. Importantly we confirmed upregulation of HGF inside the low volume culture plates and demonstrated that inhibition of HGF signaling degraded the hepatic phenotype in our cell culture platform. Overall, this study outlines a new cell culture system that leverages the low volume effects of microfluidic channels in a multiwell plate format. Beyond hepatocytes, such a system may be of use in the maintenance of other difficult-to-culture cells including stem cells and primary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantea Gheibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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29
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Charmet J, Arosio P, Knowles TP. Microfluidics for Protein Biophysics. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:565-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Jackson-Holmes EL, McDevitt TC, Lu H. A microfluidic trap array for longitudinal monitoring and multi-modal phenotypic analysis of individual stem cell aggregates. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3634-3642. [PMID: 28952622 PMCID: PMC5656523 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures have the ability to undergo differentiation, self-organization, and morphogenesis to yield complex, in vitro tissue models that recapitulate key elements of native tissues. These tissue models offer a system for studying mechanisms of tissue development, investigating disease mechanisms, and performing drug screening. It remains challenging, however, to standardize PSC aggregate differentiation and morphogenesis methods due to heterogeneity stemming from biological and environmental sources. It is also difficult to monitor and assess large numbers of individual samples longitudinally throughout culture using typical batch-based culture methods. To address these challenges, we have developed a microfluidic platform for culture, longitudinal monitoring, and phenotypic analysis of individual stem cell aggregates. This platform uses a hydrodynamic loading principle to capture pre-formed stem cell aggregates in independent traps. We demonstrated that multi-day culture of aggregates in this platform reduces heterogeneity in phenotypic parameters such as size and morphology. Additionally, we showed that culture and analysis steps can be performed sequentially in the same platform, enabling correlation of multiple modes of analysis for individual samples. We anticipate this platform being applied to improve abilities for phenotypic analysis of PSC aggregate tissues and to facilitate research in standardizing culture systems in order to dually increase the yield and reduce the heterogeneity of PSC-derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Jackson-Holmes
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Automated chemical transfection in a microfluidic device for long-term homogeneous cell culture. Transfection reagent mixture uniformly exposed to cells growing in the device. Embryonic stem cells transfected with GFP show improved efficiency and an increased median fluorescence intensity on-chip relative to 24 well plate.
Automated microfluidic devices are a promising route towards a point-of-care autologous cell therapy. The initial steps of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivation involve transfection and long term cell culture. Integration of these steps would help reduce the cost and footprint of micro-scale devices with applications in cell reprogramming or gene correction. Current examples of transfection integration focus on maximising efficiency rather than viable long-term culture. Here we look for whole process compatibility by integrating automated transfection with a perfused microfluidic device designed for homogeneous culture conditions. The injection process was characterised using fluorescein to establish a LabVIEW-based routine for user-defined automation. Proof-of-concept is demonstrated by chemically transfecting a GFP plasmid into mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Cells transfected in the device showed an improvement in efficiency (34%, n = 3) compared with standard protocols (17.2%, n = 3). This represents a first step towards microfluidic processing systems for cell reprogramming or gene therapy.
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32
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Titmarsh DM, Tan CLL, Glass NR, Nurcombe V, Cooper-White JJ, Cool SM. Microfluidic Screening Reveals Heparan Sulfate Enhances Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth by Modulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Transport. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1178-1190. [PMID: 28205415 PMCID: PMC5442852 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost‐effective expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) remains a key challenge for their widespread clinical deployment. Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) is a key hMSC mitogen often supplemented to increase hMSC growth rates. However, hMSCs also produce endogenous FGF‐2, which critically interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). We assessed the interplay of FGF‐2 with a heparan sulfate variant (HS8) engineered to bind FGF‐2 and potentiate its activity. Bone marrow‐derived hMSCs were screened in perfused microbioreactor arrays (MBAs), showing that HS8 (50 μg/ml) increased hMSC proliferation and cell number after 3 days, with an effect equivalent to FGF‐2 (50 ng/ml). In combination, the effects of HS8 and FGF‐2 were additive. Differential cell responses, from upstream to downstream culture chambers under constant flow of media in the MBA, provided insights into modulation of FGF‐2 transport by HS8. HS8 treatment induced proliferation mainly in the downstream chambers, suggesting a requirement for endogenous FGF‐2 accumulation, whereas responses to FGF‐2 occurred primarily in the upstream chambers. Adding HS8 along with FGF‐2, however, maximized the range of FGF‐2 effectiveness. Measurements of FGF‐2 in static cultures then revealed that this was because HS8 caused increased endogenous FGF‐2 production and liberated FGF‐2 from the cell surface into the supernatant. HS8 also sustained levels of supplemented FGF‐2 available over 3 days. These results suggest HS8 enhances hMSC proliferation and expansion by leveraging endogenous FGF‐2 production and maximizing the effect of supplemented FGF‐2. This is an exciting strategy for cost‐effective expansion of hMSCs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1178–1190
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Titmarsh
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Clarissa L L Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nick R Glass
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, Singapore
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology.,School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Biomedical Manufacturing, Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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33
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Son KJ, Gheibi P, Stybayeva G, Rahimian A, Revzin A. Detecting cell-secreted growth factors in microfluidic devices using bead-based biosensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17025. [PMID: 29963323 PMCID: PMC6023413 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems provide an interesting alternative to standard macroscale cell cultures due to the decrease in the number of cells and reagents as well as the improved physiology of cells confined to small volumes. However, the tools available for cell-secreted molecules inside microfluidic devices remain limited. In this paper, we describe an integrated microsystem composed of a microfluidic device and a fluorescent microbead-based assay for the detection of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 secreted by primary hepatocytes. This microfluidic system is designed to separate a cell culture chamber from sensing chambers using a permeable hydrogel barrier. Cell-secreted HGF and TGF-β1 diffuse through the hydrogel barrier into adjacent sensing channels and are detected using fluorescent microbead-based sensors. The specificity of sensing microbeads is defined by the choice of antibodies; therefore, our microfluidic culture system and sensing microbeads may be applied to a variety of cells and cell-secreted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Pantea Gheibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Ali Rahimian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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34
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Ductular reaction-on-a-chip: Microfluidic co-cultures to study stem cell fate selection during liver injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36077. [PMID: 27796316 PMCID: PMC5086854 DOI: 10.1038/srep36077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury modulates local microenvironment, triggering production of signals that instruct stem cell fate choices. In this study, we employed a microfluidic co-culture system to recreate important interactions in the liver stem cell niche, those between adult hepatocytes and liver progenitor cells (LPCs). We demonstrate that pluripotent stem cell-derived LPCs choose hepatic fate when cultured next to healthy hepatocytes but begin biliary differentiation program when co-cultured with injured hepatocytes. We connect this fate selection to skewing in production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 caused by injury. Significantly, biliary fate selection of LPCs was not observed in the absence of hepatocytes nor did it happen in the presence of TGF-β inhibitors. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic culture systems may offer an interesting new tool for dissecting cellular interactions leading to aberrant stem cell differentiation during injury.
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35
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Haque A, Gheibi P, Gao Y, Foster E, Son KJ, You J, Stybayeva G, Patel D, Revzin A. Cell biology is different in small volumes: endogenous signals shape phenotype of primary hepatocytes cultured in microfluidic channels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33980. [PMID: 27681582 PMCID: PMC5041105 DOI: 10.1038/srep33980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The approaches for maintaining hepatocytes in vitro are aimed at recapitulating aspects of the native liver microenvironment through the use of co-cultures, surface coatings and 3D spheroids. This study highlights the effects of spatial confinement-a less studied component of the in vivo microenvironment. We demonstrate that hepatocytes cultured in low-volume microfluidic channels (microchambers) retain differentiated hepatic phenotype for 21 days whereas cells cultured in regular culture plates under identical conditions de-differentiate after 7 days. Careful consideration of nutrient delivery and oxygen tension suggested that these factors could not solely account for enhanced cell function in microchambers. Through a series of experiments involving microfluidic chambers of various heights and inhibition of key molecular pathways, we confirmed that phenotype of hepatocytes in small volumes was shaped by endogenous signals, both hepato-inductive growth factors (GFs) such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepato-disruptive GFs such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Hepatocytes are not generally thought of as significant producers of GFs–this role is typically assigned to nonparenchymal cells of the liver. Our study demonstrates that, in an appropriate microenvironment, hepatocytes produce hepato-inductive and pro-fibrogenic signals at the levels sufficient to shape their phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amranul Haque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pantea Gheibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yandong Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elena Foster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Youngin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dipali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
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36
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Heemskerk I, Warmflash A. Pluripotent stem cells as a model for embryonic patterning: From signaling dynamics to spatial organization in a dish. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:976-90. [PMID: 27404482 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo studies have identified the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in patterning the vertebrate embryo, but much remains unknown about how these are organized in space and time to orchestrate embryogenesis. Recently, embryonic stem cells have been established as a platform for studying spatial pattern formation and differentiation dynamics in the early mammalian embryo. The ease of observing and manipulating stem cell systems promises to fill gaps in our understanding of developmental dynamics and identify aspects that are uniquely human. Developmental Dynamics 245:976-990, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
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Teng L, Lei HM, Sun F, An SM, Tang YB, Meng S, Wang CH, Shen Y, Chen HZ, Zhu L. Autocrine glutamatergic transmission for the regulation of embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:49552-49564. [PMID: 27322683 PMCID: PMC5226528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate behaves as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system and recently demonstrates intercellular signaling activities in periphery cancer cells. How the glutamatergic transmission is organized and operated in cancer stem cells remains undefined. We have identified a glutamatergic transmission circuit in embryonal carcinoma stem cells. The circuit is organized and operated in an autocrine mechanism and suppresses the cell proliferation and motility. Biological analyses determined a repertoire of glutamatergic transmission components, glutaminase, vesicular glutamate transporter, glutamate NMDA receptor, and cell membrane excitatory amino-acid transporter, for glutamate biosynthesis, package for secretion, reaction, and reuptake in mouse and human embryonal carcinoma stem cells. The glutamatergic components were also identified in mouse transplanted teratocarcinoma and in human primary teratocarcinoma tissues. Released glutamate acting as the signal was directly quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Genetic and pharmacological abolishment of the endogenously released glutamate-induced tonic activation of the NMDA receptors increased the cell proliferation and motility. The finding suggests that embryonal carcinoma stem cells can be actively regulated by establishing a glutamatergic autocrine/paracrine niche via releasing and responding to the transmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Teng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Present address: Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Hui-Min Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shi-Min An
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ya-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cong-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Hodgkinson CP, Bareja A, Gomez JA, Dzau VJ. Emerging Concepts in Paracrine Mechanisms in Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine and Biology. Circ Res 2016; 118:95-107. [PMID: 26837742 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, substantial evidence supports the paradigm that stem cells exert their reparative and regenerative effects, in large part, through the release of biologically active molecules acting in a paracrine fashion on resident cells. The data suggest the existence of a tissue microenvironment where stem cell factors influence cell survival, inflammation, angiogenesis, repair, and regeneration in a temporal and spatial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P Hodgkinson
- From the Department of Medicine, Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Akshay Bareja
- From the Department of Medicine, Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - José A Gomez
- From the Department of Medicine, Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Victor J Dzau
- From the Department of Medicine, Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
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Triana-Martínez F, Pedraza-Vázquez G, Maciel-Barón LA, Königsberg M. Reflections on the role of senescence during development and aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 598:40-9. [PMID: 27059850 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New and stimulating results have challenged the concept that cellular senescence might not be synonymous with aging. It is indisputable that during aging, senescent cell accumulation has an impact on organismal health. Nevertheless, senescent cells are now known to display physiological roles during embryonic development, during wound healing repair and as a cellular response to stress. The fact that senescence has been found in cells that did not attain their maximal round of replications, nor have metabolic alterations or DNA damage, also challenges the paradigm that senescence is cellular aging, and it is in favor of the idea that cellular senescence is a phenomenon that has a function by itself. Therefore, in order to understand this phenomenon it is important to analyze the relationship between senescence and other cellular responses that have many features in common, such as apoptosis, cancer and autophagy, particularly highlighting their role during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Triana-Martínez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - G Pedraza-Vázquez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - L A Maciel-Barón
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico.
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Patel D, Haque A, Gao Y, Revzin A. Using reconfigurable microfluidics to study the role of HGF in autocrine and paracrine signaling of hepatocytes. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 7:815-24. [PMID: 26108037 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, developmental biology and tissue injury present multiple examples where groups of cells residing in close proximity communicate via paracrine factors. It is nearly impossible to dissect such cellular interactions in vivo and is quite challenging in vitro. The goal of this study is to utilize a reconfigurable microfluidic device in order to study paracrine signal exchange between groups of primary hepatocytes in vitro. Previously, we demonstrated that hepatocytes residing on protein spots containing collagen and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) spots expressed epithelial (hepatic) phenotypes and also rescued them in neighboring hepatocytes on collagen spots that did not receive direct HGF stimulus. Herein, we designed a microfluidic device with parallel fluidic channels separated by retractable (reconfigurable) walls and employed this device to investigate interactions between groups of HGF-stimulated and unstimulated hepatocytes. Using a novel reconfigurable microfluidic device, we demonstrate that cultivation of HGF-containing protein spots upregulates the production of endogenous HGF in hepatocytes and that these HGF molecules diffuse over, causing phenotype enhancement in the recipient cells. We also show that selective treatment of the recipient hepatocytes with a c-met inhibitor (SU11274) diminishes the rescue effect, as gauged by the down-regulation of albumin and HGF expression. Our study is one of the first to demonstrate paracrine signaling via HGF in primary hepatocytes. More broadly, tools and methods described here may be used to study paracrine signaling in other types of cells and will have relevance for various fields of biomedical research from cancer to immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 East Health Sciences St. #2619, Davis, CA, USA.
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Shen Y, Zuo S, Wang Y, Shi H, Yan S, Chen D, Xiao B, Zhang J, Gong Y, Shi M, Tang J, Kong D, Lu L, Yu Y, Zhou B, Duan SZ, Schneider C, Funk CD, Yu Y. Thromboxane Governs the Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Toward Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Circ Res 2016; 118:1194-207. [PMID: 26957525 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) offer great promise as angiogenic cell therapy for ischemic diseases. Because of their limited self-renewal capacity and pluripotentiality, the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs is still relatively low. Thromboxane has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. However, little is known about the effects of thromboxane on ASC-mediated angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP) in mediating the angiogenic capacity of ASCs in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS ASCs were prepared from mouse epididymal fat pads and induced to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) by vascular endothelial growth factor. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression, thromboxane production, and TP expression were upregulated in ASCs on vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TP in mouse or human ASCs accelerated EC differentiation and increased tube formation in vitro, enhanced angiogenesis in in vivo Matrigel plugs and ischemic mouse hindlimbs. TP deficiency resulted in a significant cellular accumulation of β-catenin by suppression of calpain-mediated degradation in ASCs. Knockdown of β-catenin completely abrogated the enhanced EC differentiation of TP-deficient ASCs, whereas inhibition of calpain reversed the suppressed angiogenic capacity of TP re-expressed ASCs. Moreover, TP was coupled with Gαq to induce calpain-mediated suppression of β-catenin signaling through calcium influx in ASCs. CONCLUSION Thromboxane restrained EC differentiation of ASCs through TP-mediated repression of the calpain-dependent β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate that TP inhibition could be a promising strategy for therapy utilizing ASCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Shen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Hongfei Shi
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Shuai Yan
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Di Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Bing Xiao
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yanjun Gong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Maohua Shi
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Juan Tang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Deping Kong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Luheng Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yu Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Claudio Schneider
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Colin D Funk
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Ying Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.).
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Guild J, Haque A, Gheibi P, Gao Y, Son KJ, Foster E, Dumont S, Revzin A. Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Microfluidic Chambers Take Control of Their Fate by Producing Endogenous Signals Including LIF. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1501-12. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Guild
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
| | - Amranul Haque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
| | - Pantea Gheibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
| | - Yandong Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
| | - Elena Foster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology; University of California; San Francisco, San Francisco California USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of California, Davis; Davis California USA
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Kamei KI, Mashimo Y, Koyama Y, Fockenberg C, Nakashima M, Nakajima M, Li J, Chen Y. 3D printing of soft lithography mold for rapid production of polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic devices for cell stimulation with concentration gradients. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 17:36. [PMID: 25686903 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is advantageous over conventional technologies for the fabrication of sophisticated structures such as 3D micro-channels for future applications in tissue engineering and drug screening. We aimed to apply this technology to cell-based assays using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the most commonly used material for fabrication of micro-channels used for cell culture experiments. Useful properties of PDMS include biocompatibility, gas permeability and transparency. We developed a simple and robust protocol to generate PDMS-based devices using a soft lithography mold produced by 3D printing. 3D chemical gradients were then generated to stimulate cells confined to a micro-channel. We demonstrate that concentration gradients of growth factors, important regulators of cell/tissue functions in vivo, influence the survival and growth of human embryonic stem cells. Thus, this approach for generation of 3D concentration gradients could have strong implications for tissue engineering and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan,
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Yang K, Park HJ, Han S, Lee J, Ko E, Kim J, Lee JS, Yu JH, Song KY, Cheong E, Cho SR, Chung S, Cho SW. Recapitulation of in vivo-like paracrine signals of human mesenchymal stem cells for functional neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells in a 3D microfluidic system. Biomaterials 2015; 63:177-88. [PMID: 26113074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine signals produced from stem cells influence tissue regeneration by inducing the differentiation of endogenous stem or progenitor cells. However, many recent studies that have investigated paracrine signaling of stem cells have relied on either two-dimensional transwell systems or conditioned medium culture, neither of which provide optimal culture microenvironments for elucidating the effects of paracrine signals in vivo. In this study, we recapitulated in vivo-like paracrine signaling of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to enhance functional neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices (ECMs) within a microfluidic array platform. In order to amplify paracrine signaling, hMSCs were genetically engineered using cationic polymer nanoparticles to overexpress glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). hNSCs were cultured in 3D ECM hydrogel used to fill central channels of the microfluidic device, while GDNF-overexpressing hMSCs (GDNF-hMSCs) were cultured in channels located on both sides of the central channel. This setup allowed for mimicking of paracrine signaling between genetically engineered hMSCs and endogenous hNSCs in the brain. Co-culture of hNSCs with GDNF-hMSCs in the 3D microfluidic system yielded reduced glial differentiation of hNSCs while significantly enhancing differentiation into neuronal cells including dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal cells produced from hNSCs differentiating in the presence of GDNF-hMSCs exhibited functional neuron-like electrophysiological features. The enhanced paracrine ability of GDNF-hMSCs was finally confirmed using an animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This study demonstrates the presented 3D microfluidic array device can provide an efficient co-culture platform and provide an environment for paracrine signals from transplanted stem cells to control endogenous neuronal behaviors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoon Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Joan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeong Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Chang L, Howdyshell M, Liao WC, Chiang CL, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z, Lu W, Byrd JC, Muthusamy N, Lee LJ, Sooryakumar R. Magnetic tweezers-based 3D microchannel electroporation for high-throughput gene transfection in living cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1818-1828. [PMID: 25469659 PMCID: PMC4397144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-throughput magnetic tweezers-based 3D microchannel electroporation system capable of transfecting 40 000 cells/cm(2) on a single chip for gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and intracellular detection of target mRNA for screening cellular heterogeneity is reported. A single cell or an ordered array of individual cells are remotely guided by programmable magnetic fields to poration sites with high (>90%) cell alignment efficiency to enable various transfection reagents to be delivered simultaneously into the cells. The present technique, in contrast to the conventional vacuum-based approach, is significantly gentler on the cellular membrane yielding >90% cell viability and, moreover, allows transfected cells to be transported for further analysis. Illustrating the versatility of the system, the GATA2 molecular beacon is delivered into leukemia cells to detect the regulation level of the GATA2 gene that is associated with the initiation of leukemia. The uniform delivery and a sharp contrast of fluorescence intensity between GATA2 positive and negative cells demonstrate key aspects of the platform for gene transfer, screening and detection of targeted intracellular markers in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Chang
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Marci Howdyshell
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Liao
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Division of Hematology, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Wu Lu
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - John C. Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA. Division of Hematology, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA
| | - L. James. Lee
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
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Abstract
Anchorage-dependent cells are of great interest for various biotechnological applications. (i) They represent a formidable production means of viruses for vaccination purposes at very large scales (in 1000-6000 l reactors) using microcarriers, and in the last decade many more novel viral vaccines have been developed using this production technology. (ii) With the advent of stem cells and their use/potential use in clinics for cell therapy and regenerative medicine purposes, the development of novel culture devices and technologies for adherent cells has accelerated greatly with a view to the large-scale expansion of these cells. Presently, the really scalable systems--microcarrier/microcarrier-clump cultures using stirred-tank reactors--for the expansion of stem cells are still in their infancy. Only laboratory scale reactors of maximally 2.5 l working volume have been evaluated because thorough knowledge and basic understanding of critical issues with respect to cell expansion while retaining pluripotency and differentiation potential, and the impact of the culture environment on stem cell fate, etc., are still lacking and require further studies. This article gives an overview on critical issues common to all cell culture systems for adherent cells as well as specifics for different types of stem cells in view of small- and large-scale cell expansion and production processes.
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Nahavandi S, Tang SY, Baratchi S, Soffe R, Nahavandi S, Kalantar-zadeh K, Mitchell A, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic platforms for the investigation of intercellular signalling mechanisms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4810-26. [PMID: 25238429 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular signalling has been identified as a highly complex process, responsible for orchestrating many physiological functions. While conventional methods of investigation have been useful, their limitations are impeding further development. Microfluidics offers an opportunity to overcome some of these limitations. Most notably, microfluidic systems can emulate the in-vivo environments. Further, they enable exceptionally precise control of the microenvironment, allowing complex mechanisms to be selectively isolated and studied in detail. There has thus been a growing adoption of microfluidic platforms for investigation of cell signalling mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the different signalling mechanisms and discusses the methods used to study them, with a focus on the microfluidic devices developed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Elitas M, Brower K, Lu Y, Chen JJ, Fan R. A microchip platform for interrogating tumor-macrophage paracrine signaling at the single-cell level. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3582-8. [PMID: 25057779 PMCID: PMC4145007 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that infiltrating immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide range of solid tumors. The paracrine signaling between the tumor and the immune cells alters the functional state of individual tumor cells and, correspondingly, the anticipated response to radiation or chemotherapies, which is of great importance to clinical oncology. Here we present a high-density microchip platform capable of measuring a panel of paracrine signals associated with heterotypic tumor-immune cell interactions in the single-cell, pair-wise manner. The device features a high-content cell capture array of 5000+ sub-nanoliter microchambers for the isolation of single and multi-cell combinations and a multi-plex antibody "barcode" array for multiplexed protein secretion analysis from each microchamber. In this work, we measured a panel of 16 proteins produced from individual glioma cells, individual macrophage cells and varying heterotypic multi-cell combinations of both on the same device. The results show changes of tumor cell functional phenotypes that cannot be explained by an additive effect from isolated single cells and, presumably, can be attributed to the paracrine signaling between macrophage and glioma cells. The protein correlation analysis reveals the key signaling nodes altered by tumor-macrophage communication. This platform enables the novel pair-wise interrogation of heterotypic cell-cell paracrine signaling at the individual cell level with an in-depth analysis of the changing functional phenotypes for different co-culture cell combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Elitas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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49
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Patel D, Haque A, Jones CN, Tuleouva N, Foster E, Vu T, Reddi AH, Revzin A. Local control of hepatic phenotype with growth factor-encoded surfaces. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:44-52. [PMID: 24247788 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to modulate the phenotype expression of hepatocytes in vitro on surfaces imprinted with growth factors (GFs). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or transforming-growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were mixed with collagen (I) and robotically printed onto standard glass slides to create arrays of 300 μm or 500 μm diameter spots. Primary rat hepatocytes were seeded on top of the arrays, forming clusters corresponding in size to the underlying protein spots. The TGF-β1 spots appeared to downregulate markers of hepatic (epithelial) phenotype while upregulating expression of mesenchymal markers. Conversely, hepatocytes cultured on HGF spots maintained high level of epithelial markers. When hepatocytes were seeded onto alternating spots of HGF and TGF-β1, their phenotype was found to depend on center-to-center distance between the spots. At shorter distances cross-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was observed while at distances exceeding 1.25 mm divergence of phenotypes, epithelial on HGF and mesenchymal on TGF-β was seen. Overall, our results demonstrate that GF-encoded surfaces can modulate phenotype within groups of cells cultured on the same surface. Given the importance of phenotype switching in development, fibrosis and cancer, this platform may be used to gain useful insights into the mechanisms of processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or stem cell fate selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 East Health Sciences St. #2619, Davis, CA, USA.
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50
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Titmarsh DM, Chen H, Glass NR, Cooper-White JJ. Concise review: microfluidic technology platforms: poised to accelerate development and translation of stem cell-derived therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:81-90. [PMID: 24311699 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a powerful resource for producing a variety of cell types with utility in clinically associated applications, including preclinical drug screening and development, disease and developmental modeling, and regenerative medicine. Regardless of the type of stem cell, substantial barriers to clinical translation still exist and must be overcome to realize full clinical potential. These barriers span processes including cell isolation, expansion, and differentiation; purification, quality control, and therapeutic efficacy and safety; and the economic viability of bioprocesses for production of functional cell products. Microfluidic systems have been developed for a myriad of biological applications and have the intrinsic capability of controlling and interrogating the cellular microenvironment with unrivalled precision; therefore, they have particular relevance to overcoming such barriers to translation. Development of microfluidic technologies increasingly utilizes stem cells, addresses stem cell-relevant biological phenomena, and aligns capabilities with translational challenges and goals. In this concise review, we describe how microfluidic technologies can contribute to the translation of stem cell research outcomes, and we provide an update on innovative research efforts in this area. This timely convergence of stem cell translational challenges and microfluidic capabilities means that there is now an opportunity for both disciplines to benefit from increased interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Titmarsh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and
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