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Neoh GKS, Tan X, Chen S, Roura E, Dong X, Gilbert RG. Glycogen metabolism and structure: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122631. [PMID: 39245499 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a glucose polymer that plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by functioning as a short-term energy storage reservoir in animals and bacteria. Abnormalities in its metabolism and structure can cause several problems, including diabetes, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) and muscular disorders. Defects in the enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis or breakdown, resulting in either excessive accumulation or insufficient availability of glycogen in cells seem to account for the most common pathogenesis. This review discusses glycogen metabolism and structure, including molecular architecture, branching dynamics, and the role of associated components within the granules. The review also discusses GSD type XV and Lafora disease, illustrating the broader implications of aberrant glycogen metabolism and structure. These conditions also impart information on important regulatory mechanisms of glycogen, which hint at potential therapeutic targets. Knowledge gaps and potential future research directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galex K S Neoh
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xinle Tan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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2
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Ahmad D, Ying Y, Bao J. Understanding starch biosynthesis in potatoes for metabolic engineering to improve starch quality: A detailed review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122592. [PMID: 39245484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Potato tubers accumulate substantial quantities of starch, which serves as their primary energy reserve. As the predominant component of potato tubers, starch strongly influences tuber yield, processing quality, and nutritional attributes. Potato starch is distinguished from other food starches by its unique granule morphology and compositional attributes. It possesses large, oval granules with amylose content ranging from 20 to 33 % and high phosphorus levels, which collectively determine the unique physicochemical characteristics. These physicochemical properties direct the utility of potato starch across diverse food and industrial applications. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular factors controlling potato starch biosynthesis and structure-function relationships. Key topics covered are starch granule morphology, the roles and regulation of major biosynthetic enzymes, transcriptional and hormonal control, genetic engineering strategies, and opportunities to tailor starch functionality. Elucidating the contributions of different enzymes in starch biosynthesis has enabled targeted modification of potato starch composition and properties. However, realizing the full potential of this knowledge faces challenges in optimizing starch quality without compromising plant vigor and yield. Overall, integrating multi-omics datasets with advanced genetic and metabolic engineering tools can facilitate the development of elite cultivars with enhanced starch yield and tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraz Ahmad
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yining Ying
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China.
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3
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de Oliveira LP, de Jesus Pereira JP, Navarro BV, Martins MCM, Riaño-Pachón DM, Buckeridge MS. Bioinformatic insights into sugar signaling pathways in sugarcane growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24935. [PMID: 39438542 PMCID: PMC11496834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-75220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The SnRK1, hexokinase, and TORC1 (TOR, LST8, RAPTOR) are three pivotal kinases at the core of sugar level sensing, significantly impacting plant metabolism and development. We retrieved and analyzed protein sequences of these three kinase pathways from seven sugarcane transcriptome and genome datasets, identifying protein domains, phylogenetic relationships, sequence ancestry, and in silico expression levels. Additionally, we predicted HXK subcellular localization and assessed its enzymatic activity in sugarcane leaves and culms along development in the field. We retrieved 11 TOR, 23 RAPTOR, 55 LST8, 95 SnRK1α, 98 HXK, and 14 HXK-like putative full-length sequences containing all the conserved domains. Most of these transcripts seem to share a common origin with the three ancestral species of sugarcane: Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum spontaneum, and Saccharum barberi. We accessed the expression profile of sequences from one sugarcane transcriptome. We found the highest enzymatic activity of HXK in culms in the first month, which, at this stage, provides carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (amino acids) for initial plant development. Our approach places novel sugar sensing sequences that work as a guideline for further research into the underlying signaling mechanisms and biotechnology applications in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauana Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Do Bioetanol, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro de Jesus Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Do Bioetanol, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Viana Navarro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Do Bioetanol, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina C M Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Do Bioetanol, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional, Evolutiva e de Sistemas, Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Do Bioetanol, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Do Bioetanol, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liang M, Tu S, Fu J, Wang J, Sheng O. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization of Resistant Starch from Sixteen Banana Cultivars across Three Genome Groups. Foods 2024; 13:3277. [PMID: 39456339 PMCID: PMC11506981 DOI: 10.3390/foods13203277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 10/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Banana fruits are rich in starch, and unripe banana flour is considered a beneficial ingredient in the food industry because it has high levels of resistant starch, which significantly aids in promoting gut health and regulating blood sugar and lipid levels. However, the associations between banana cultivars with various genotypes cultivated globally and their resistant starch properties remain unclear. Herein, we investigated resistant starches from 16 banana cultivars covering three genome groups (ABB, AAB, and AAA) in order to reveal the differences and similarities among these cultivars. The results showed that there was a genotype-specific pattern in banana resistant starch (BRS) degradation. The AAA genome BRS exhibited a high degree of resistant starch degradation. The genotypes of the banana cultivars also impacted the granular morphology of the resistant starch. The ABB and AAB genome BRS were more conducive to forming resistant starch. The BRS samples from the three genome groups displayed either B-type or C-type structures. Even within the same genome group, the BRS samples exhibited differences in thermal and pasting properties. These findings reveal the impact of genotypes on BRS content and characteristics, providing a basis for future breeding and resistant starch utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Shiyun Tu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Jinfeng Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Ou Sheng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Karmakar B, Sarkar S, Chakraborty R, Saha SP, Thirugnanam A, Roy PK, Roy S. Starch-based biodegradable films amended with nano-starch and tannic acid-coated nano-starch exhibit enhanced mechanical and functional attributes with antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122321. [PMID: 38876723 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Starch-based biofilms are biodegradable, but their application is limited by lower mechanical strength and absence of antimicrobial properties. In this context, the present study attempted to unleash the potential of nanotechnology for synthesizing nano-starch (NS) and tannic acid-coated nano-starch (T-NS) for augmenting the tensile strength and antimicrobial properties of starch-based biofilms. Moreover, this study reports one of the first such attempts to improve the commercial viability of starch extracted from the corms of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. In this study, NS and T-NS samples were first synthesized by the physical and chemical modification of the native starch (S) molecules. The NS and T-NS samples showed significantly smaller granule size, lower moisture content, and swelling power. Further, amendments with NS and T-NS samples (25 % and 50 %) to the native starch molecules were performed to obtain biofilm samples. The NSB (NS amended) and T-NSB (T-NS amended) biofilms showed comparatively higher tensile strength than SB films (100 % starch-based). The T-NSB showed greater antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All the biofilms showed almost complete biodegradation in soil (in 10 days). Therefore, it can be concluded that additives like NS and T-NS can improve starch-based biofilms' mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties with considerable biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Karmakar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayani Sarkar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Govt. College, Himachal Vihar, Matigara, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunachalam Thirugnanam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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6
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Kaur H, Kaur G, Sirhindi G, Bhardwaj R, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Exploring the role of 28-homobrassinolide in regulation of temperature induced clastogenic aberrations and sugar metabolism of Brassica juncea L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108893. [PMID: 39018776 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The present research primarily focuses on Brassica juncea's physiological and cytological responses to low and high temperature stress at 4 °C and 44 °C respectively, along with elucidating the protective role of 28-Homobrassinolide (28-homoBL). Cytological investigations performed in floral buds of Brassica juncea L. under temperature (24, 4, 44 °C) stress conditions depict the presence of some abnormalities associated with cytomixis such as chromosome stickiness or agglutination, pycnotic nature of chromatin, irregularities in spindle formation, disoriented chromatins, and non-synchronous chromatin material condensation in Brassicaceae family that subsisted at diploid level (2n = 36). Spindle abnormalities produce various size pollen grains such as sporads micronuclei at some stages of microsporogenesis, polyads, triads, dyads that irrupted the productiveness of pollen grains. Furthermore, sugars play an imperative role in protecting plants under stress besides being energy sources. Therefore, the present study revealed accumulation of total soluble sugars (TSS), with 28-homoBL treatment which pinpoints protective role of 28-homoBL under temperature stress. Sugar profiling was done by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which helped in analyzing different sugars both quantitatively and qualitatively under 28-homoBL and temperature stress conditions. The results indicate that the 28-homoBL treatment substantially enhances plant tolerance to heat stress, as evident by higher mitotic indices, fewer chromosomal abnormalities, and significantly more sugar accumulation. The findings of the study acknowledge the potential of 28-homoBL in inducing temperature stress tolerance in B. juncea along with improving the metabolic stability thereby implying application of 28-homoBL in crop strengthening under variable temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- P.G. Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar, 143001, Punjab, India; Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurvarinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, GNDU, Amritsar, India
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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7
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Lin C, Lu P, Ma J, Li Z, Han X, Ji Z, Liu S, Mao J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Variations in Enzyme Production of Saccharopolyspora rosea A22 under Different Temperatures. Foods 2024; 13:2696. [PMID: 39272461 PMCID: PMC11394526 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharopolyspora is a key microorganism in the fermentation of traditional fermented foods, capable of producing saccharifying and liquefying enzymes at elevated temperatures. However, the specific mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing Saccharopolyspora's response to ambient temperatures are not yet fully understood. In this study, the morphological differences in Saccharopolyspora rosea screened from traditional handmade wheat Qu at different temperatures were initially explored. At 37 °C, the mycelium exhibited abundant growth and radiated in a network-like pattern. As the temperature increased, the mycelium aggregated into clusters. At 50 °C, it formed highly aggregated ellipsoidal structures, with the mycelium distributed on the spherical surface. Subsequently, we assessed the biomass, saccharifying enzyme activity and liquefying enzyme activity of Saccharopolyspora rosea cultured at 37 °C, 42 °C and 50 °C. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that Saccharopolyspora rosea employs mechanisms related to the carbon metabolism, the TCA cycle, glycine, serine and threonine metabolisms, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments to coordinate its responses to changes in environmental temperature, as verified by the expression of typical genes. This study enhances our understanding of the differences in high-temperature enzyme production by Saccharopolyspora, and offers valuable guidance for the traditional fermented food industry to drive innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Peiqi Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingqiu Ma
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 646000, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 646000, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 646000, China
| | - Jian Mao
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 646000, China
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Qu L, Huang X, Su X, Zhu G, Zheng L, Lin J, Wang J, Xue H. Potato: from functional genomics to genetic improvement. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:34. [PMID: 39160633 PMCID: PMC11331666 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Potato is the most widely grown non-grain crop and ranks as the third most significant global food crop following rice and wheat. Despite its long history of cultivation over vast areas, slow breeding progress and environmental stress have led to a scarcity of high-yielding potato varieties. Enhancing the quality and yield of potato tubers remains the ultimate objective of potato breeding. However, conventional breeding has faced challenges due to tetrasomic inheritance, high genomic heterozygosity, and inbreeding depression. Recent advancements in molecular biology and functional genomic studies of potato have provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of physiological processes and facilitated trait improvement. In this review, we present a summary of identified factors and genes governing potato growth and development, along with progress in potato genomics and the adoption of new breeding technologies for improvement. Additionally, we explore the opportunities and challenges in potato improvement, offering insights into future avenues for potato research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Huang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Su
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingli Zheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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9
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Gutschker S, Ruescher D, Rabbi IY, Rosado-Souza L, Pommerrenig B, Pauly M, Robertz S, van Doorn AM, Schlereth A, Neuhaus HE, Fernie AR, Reinert S, Sonnewald U, Zierer W. Carbon usage in yellow-fleshed Manihot esculenta storage roots shifts from starch biosynthesis to cell wall and raffinose biosynthesis via the myo-inositol pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2045-2062. [PMID: 38961707 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cassava is a crucial staple crop for smallholder farmers in tropical Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Although high yield remains the top priority for farmers, the significance of nutritional values has increased in cassava breeding programs. A notable negative correlation between provitamin A and starch accumulation poses a significant challenge for breeding efforts. The negative correlation between starch and carotenoid levels in conventional and genetically modified cassava plants implies the absence of a direct genomic connection between the two traits. The competition among various carbon pathways seems to account for this relationship. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of 49 African cassava genotypes with varying levels of starch and provitamin A. Our goal was to identify factors contributing to differential starch accumulation. Considering carotenoid levels as a confounding factor in starch production, we found that yellow- and white-fleshed storage roots did not differ significantly in most measured components of starch or de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. However, genes and metabolites associated with myo-inositol synthesis and cell wall polymer production were substantially enriched in high provitamin A genotypes. These results indicate that yellow-fleshed cultivars, in comparison to their white-fleshed counterparts, direct more carbon toward the synthesis of raffinose and cell wall components. This finding is underlined by a significant rise in cell wall components measured within the 20 most contrasting genotypes for carotenoid levels. Our findings enhance the comprehension of the biosynthesis of starch and carotenoids in the storage roots of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Gutschker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Ruescher
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ismail Y Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Markus Pauly
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Robertz
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna M van Doorn
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Reinert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Tagami T. Structural insights into starch-metabolizing enzymes and their applications. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:864-871. [PMID: 38806254 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Starch is a polysaccharide produced exclusively through photosynthesis in plants and algae; however, is utilized as an energy source by most organisms, from microorganisms to higher organisms. In mammals and the germinating seeds of plants, starch is metabolized by simple hydrolysis pathways. Moreover, starch metabolic pathways via unique oligosaccharides have been discovered in some bacteria. Each organism has evolved enzymes responsible for starch metabolism that are diverse in their enzymatic properties. This review, focusing on eukaryotic α-glucosidases and bacterial α-glucoside-hydrolyzing enzymes, summarizes the structural aspects of starch-metabolizing enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 15, 31, and 77 and their application for oligosaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Tagami
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Adegbaju MS, Ajose T, Adegbaju IE, Omosebi T, Ajenifujah-Solebo SO, Falana OY, Shittu OB, Adetunji CO, Akinbo O. Genetic engineering and genome editing technologies as catalyst for Africa's food security: the case of plant biotechnology in Nigeria. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1398813. [PMID: 39045572 PMCID: PMC11263695 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1398813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many African countries are unable to meet the food demands of their growing population and the situation is worsened by climate change and disease outbreaks. This issue of food insecurity may lead to a crisis of epic proportion if effective measures are not in place to make more food available. Thus, deploying biotechnology towards the improvement of existing crop varieties for tolerance or resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial to increasing crop production. In order to optimize crop production, several African countries have implemented strategies to make the most of this innovative technology. For example, Nigerian government has implemented the National Biotechnology Policy to facilitate capacity building, research, bioresource development and commercialization of biotechnology products for over two decades. Several government ministries, research centers, universities, and agencies have worked together to implement the policy, resulting in the release of some genetically modified crops to farmers for cultivation and Commercialization, which is a significant accomplishment. However, the transgenic crops were only brought to Nigeria for confined field trials; the manufacturing of the transgenic crops took place outside the country. This may have contributed to the suspicion of pressure groups and embolden proponents of biotechnology as an alien technology. Likewise, this may also be the underlying issue preventing the adoption of biotechnology products in other African countries. It is therefore necessary that African universities develop capacity in various aspects of biotechnology, to continuously train indigenous scientists who can generate innovative ideas tailored towards solving problems that are peculiar to respective country. Therefore, this study intends to establish the role of genetic engineering and genome editing towards the achievement of food security in Africa while using Nigeria as a case study. In our opinion, biotechnology approaches will not only complement conventional breeding methods in the pursuit of crop improvements, but it remains a viable and sustainable means of tackling specific issues hindering optimal crop production. Furthermore, we suggest that financial institutions should offer low-interest loans to new businesses. In order to promote the growth of biotechnology products, especially through the creation of jobs and revenues through molecular farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyiwa Seyi Adegbaju
- Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Titilayo Ajose
- Fruits and Spices Department, National Horticultural Institute, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | - Temitayo Omosebi
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Olaitan Yetunde Falana
- Department of Genetics, Genomic and Bioinformatics, National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Bolatito Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Olalekan Akinbo
- African Union Development Agency-NEPAD, Office of Science, Technology and Innovation, Midrand, South Africa
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12
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Peng Y, Liang Z, Cai M, Wang J, Li D, Chen Q, Du X, Gu R, Wang G, Schnable PS, Wang J, Li L. ZmPTOX1, a plastid terminal oxidase, contributes to redox homeostasis during seed development and germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:460-477. [PMID: 38678554 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Maize plastid terminal oxidase1 (ZmPTOX1) plays a pivotal role in seed development by upholding redox balance within seed plastids. This study focuses on characterizing the white kernel mutant 3735 (wk3735) mutant, which yields pale-yellow seeds characterized by heightened protein but reduced carotenoid levels, along with delayed germination compared to wild-type (WT) seeds. We successfully cloned and identified the target gene ZmPTOX1, responsible for encoding maize PTOX-a versatile plastoquinol oxidase and redox sensor located in plastid membranes. While PTOX's established role involves regulating redox states and participating in carotenoid metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves and tomato fruits, our investigation marks the first exploration of its function in storage organs lacking a photosynthetic system. Through our research, we validated the existence of plastid-localized ZmPTOX1, existing as a homomultimer, and established its interaction with ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase 1 (ZmFNR1), a crucial component of the electron transport chain (ETC). This interaction contributes to the maintenance of redox equilibrium within plastids. Our findings indicate a propensity for excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wk3735 seeds. Beyond its known role in carotenoids' antioxidant properties, ZmPTOX1 also impacts ROS homeostasis owing to its oxidizing function. Altogether, our results underscore the critical involvement of ZmPTOX1 in governing seed development and germination by preserving redox balance within the seed plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Delin Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Quanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Riliang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Patrick S Schnable
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2035 Roy J. Carver Co-Lab, Ames, 50011-3650, Iowa, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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13
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Zhong C, Nidetzky B. Bottom-Up Synthesized Glucan Materials: Opportunities from Applied Biocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400436. [PMID: 38514194 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Linear d-glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of d-glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the d-glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline-organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of d-glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top-down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top-down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom-up approaches of d-glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top-down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for d-glucan polymerization are described and the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom-up assembly of specific d-glucan structures is shown. Advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products are further shown and their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio-based circular economy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz, 8010, Austria
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14
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Duan Y, Jin L. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the α-Amylase ( AMY) Gene Family in Potato. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:793. [PMID: 38927729 PMCID: PMC11202818 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Starch degradation provides energy and signaling molecules for plant growth, development, defense, and stress response. α-amylase (AMY) is one of the most important enzymes in this process. Potato tubers are rich in starch, and the hydrolysis of starch into sugar negatively impacts the frying quality of potato. Despite its importance, the AMY gene family has not been fully explored in potatoes. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the StAMY gene family to determine its role in potato. Twenty StAMY genes were identified across the potato genome and were divided into three subgroups. The promoters of StAMY genes contained an array of cis-acting elements involved in growth and development, phytohormone signaling, and stress and defense responses. StAMY8, StAMY9, StAMY12, and StAMY20 were specifically expressed in mature tubers. Different StAMY gene family members tended to be upregulated in response to β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), benzothiadiazole (BTH), heat, salt, and drought stress. In addition, different StAMY gene family members tended to be responsive to abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) treatment. These results suggest that StAMY gene family members may be involved in starch and sugar metabolism, defense, stress response, and phytohormone signaling. The results of this study may be applicable to other starchy crops and lay a foundation for further research on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of AMY genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
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15
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Mao M, Ahrens L, Luka J, Contreras F, Kurkina T, Bienstein M, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Schirinzi G, Mehn D, Valsesia A, Desmet C, Serra MÁ, Gilliland D, Schwaneberg U. Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6445-6510. [PMID: 38747901 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Material-binding peptides (MBPs) have emerged as a diverse and innovation-enabling class of peptides in applications such as plant-/human health, immobilization of catalysts, bioactive coatings, accelerated polymer degradation and analytics for micro-/nanoplastics quantification. Progress has been fuelled by recent advancements in protein engineering methodologies and advances in computational and analytical methodologies, which allow the design of, for instance, material-specific MBPs with fine-tuned binding strength for numerous demands in material science applications. A genetic or chemical conjugation of second (biological, chemical or physical property-changing) functionality to MBPs empowers the design of advanced (hybrid) materials, bioactive coatings and analytical tools. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview comprising naturally occurring MBPs and their function in nature, binding properties of short man-made MBPs (<20 amino acids) mainly obtained from phage-display libraries, and medium-sized binding peptides (20-100 amino acids) that have been reported to bind to metals, polymers or other industrially produced materials. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular interactions between materials and material-specific binding peptides, and thereby empower the use of MBPs in material science applications. Protein engineering methodologies and selected examples to tailor MBPs toward applications in agriculture with a focus on plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and environmental monitoring serve as examples of the transformative power of MBPs for various industrial applications. An emphasis will be given to MBPs' role in detecting and quantifying microplastics in high throughput, distinguishing microplastics from other environmental particles, and thereby assisting to close an analytical gap in food safety and monitoring of environmental plastic pollution. In essence, this review aims to provide an overview among researchers from diverse disciplines in respect to material-(specific) binding of MBPs, protein engineering methodologies to tailor their properties to application demands, re-engineering for material science applications using MBPs, and thereby inspire researchers to employ MBPs in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Mao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julian Luka
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisca Contreras
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Bax HHM, Jurak E. Characterization of Two Glycoside Hydrolases of Family GH13 and GH57, Present in a Polysaccharide Utilization Locus (PUL) of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037. Molecules 2024; 29:2788. [PMID: 38930854 PMCID: PMC11206854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen, an α-glucan polymer serving as an energy storage compound in microorganisms, is synthesized through distinct pathways (GlgC-GlgA or GlgE pathway). Both pathways involve multiple enzymes, with a shared glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). GBEs play a pivotal role in establishing α-1,6-linkages within the glycogen structure. GBEs are also used for starch modification. Understanding how these enzymes work is interesting for both glycogen synthesis in microorganisms, as well as novel applications for starch modification. This study focuses on a putative enzyme GH13_9 GBE (PoGBE13), present in a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037, and related to the GlgE glycogen synthesis pathway. While the PUL of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037 contains glycogen-degrading enzymes, the branching enzyme (PoGBE13) was also found due to genetic closeness. Characterization revealed that PoGBE13 functions as a typical branching enzyme, exhibiting a relatively high branching over non-branching (hydrolysis and α-1,4-transferase activity) ratio on linear maltooctadecaose (3.0 ± 0.4). Besides the GH13_9 GBE, a GH57 (PoGH57) enzyme was selected for characterization from the same PUL due to its undefined function. The combined action of both GH13 and GH57 enzymes suggested 4-α-glucanotransferase activity for PoGH57. The characterization of these unique enzymes related to a GlgE glycogen synthesis pathway provides a more profound understanding of their interactions and synergistic roles in glycogen synthesis and are potential enzymes for use in starch modification processes. Due to the structural similarity between glycogen and starch, PoGBE13 can potentially be used for starch modification with different applications, for example, in functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edita Jurak
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
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17
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Yao R, Liu H, Wang J, Shi S, Zhao G, Zhou X. Cytological structures and physiological and biochemical characteristics of covered oat (Avena sativa L.) and naked oat (Avena nuda L.) seeds during high-temperature artificial aging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:530. [PMID: 38862888 PMCID: PMC11165783 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed aging, a natural and inevitable process occurring during storage. Oats, an annual herb belonging to the Gramineae family and pooideae. In addition to being a healthy food, oats serve as ecological pastures, combating soil salinization and desertification. They also play a role in promoting grassland agriculture and supplementing winter livestock feed. However, the high lipid and fat derivatives contents of oat seeds make them susceptible to deterioration, as fat derivatives are prone to rancidity, affecting oat seed production, storage, development, and germplasm resource utilization. Comparative studies on the effects of aging on physiology and cytological structure in covered and naked oat seeds are limited. Thus, our study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying seed deterioration in artificially aged 'LongYan No. 3' (A. sativa) and 'BaiYan No. 2' (A. nuda) seeds, providing a basis for the physiological evaluation of oat seed aging and serving as a reference for scientifically safe storage and efficient utilization of oats. RESULTS In both oat varieties, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in seeds showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Variance analysis revealed significant differences and interaction in all measured indicators of oat seeds between the two varieties at different aging times. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds, aged for 24-96 h, exhibited a germination rate of < 30%, Conductivity, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and soluble protein levels increased more significantly than the 'BaiYan No. 2'. With prolonged aging leading to cell membrane degradation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, disrupted antioxidant enzyme system, evident embryo cell swelling, and disordered cell arrangement, blocking the nutrient supply route. Simultaneously, severely concentrated chromatin in the nucleus, damaged mitochondrial structure, and impaired energy metabolism were noted, resulting in the loss of 'LongYan No. 3' seed vitality and value. Conversely, 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds showed a germination rate of 73.33% after 96 h of aging, consistently higher antioxidant enzyme activity during aging, normal embryonic cell shape, and existence of the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme system damage in aged oat seeds, nuclear chromatin condensation, mitochondrial structure damage, nucleic acid metabolism and respiration weakened, oat seed vigor decreased. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds were more severely damaged under artificial aging than 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds, highlighting their heightened susceptibility to aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiangrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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18
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Scholtysek L, Poetsch A, Hofmann E, Hemschemeier A. The activation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alpha amylase 2 by glutamine requires its N-terminal aspartate kinase-chorismate mutase-tyrA (ACT) domain. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e609. [PMID: 38911017 PMCID: PMC11190351 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of assimilation pathways for all the elements that make up cellular components is a vital task for every organism. Integrating the assimilation and use of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is of particular importance because of the high cellular abundance of these elements. Starch is one of the most important storage polymers of photosynthetic organisms, and a complex regulatory network ensures that biosynthesis and degradation of starch are coordinated with photosynthetic activity and growth. Here, we analyzed three starch metabolism enzymes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that we captured by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) affinity chromatography approach, namely, soluble starch synthase STA3, starch-branching enzyme SBE1, and α-amylase AMA2. While none of the recombinant enzymes was directly affected by the presence of cGMP or other nucleotides, suggesting an indirect binding to cGMP, AMA2 activity was stimulated in the presence of L-glutamine (Gln). This activating effect required the enzyme's N-terminal aspartate kinase-chorismate mutase-tyrA domain. Gln is the first N assimilation product and not only a central compound for the biosynthesis of N-containing molecules but also a recognized signaling molecule for the N status. Our observation suggests that AMA2 might be a means to coordinate N and C metabolism at the enzymatic level, increasing the liberation of C skeletons from starch when high Gln levels signal an abundance of assimilated N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Scholtysek
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department for Plant BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Protein CrystallographyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
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19
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Liang G, Wang H, Gou H, Li M, Cheng Y, Zeng B, Mao J, Chen B. Overexpression of VaBAM3 from Vitis amurensis enhances seedling cold tolerance by promoting soluble sugar accumulation and reactive oxygen scavenging. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:151. [PMID: 38802546 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The VaBAM3 cloned from Vitis amurensis can enhance the cold tolerance of overexpressed plants, but VaBAM3 knock out by CRISPR/Cas9 system weakened grape callus cold tolerance. In grape production, extreme cold conditions can seriously threaten plant survival and fruit quality. Regulation of starch content by β-amylase (BAM, EC: 3.2.1.2) contributes to cold tolerance in plants. In this study, we cloned the VaBAM3 gene from an extremely cold-tolerant grape, Vitis amurensis, and overexpressed it in tomato and Arabidopsis plants, as well as in grape callus for functional characterization. After exposure to cold stress, leaf wilting in the VaBAM3-overexpressing tomato plants was slightly less pronounced than that in wild-type tomato plants, and these plants were characterized by a significant accumulation of autophagosomes. Additionally, the VaBAM3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants had a higher freezing tolerance than the wild-type counterparts. Under cold stress conditions, the activities of total amylase, BAM, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in VaBAM3-overexpressing plants were significantly higher than those in the corresponding wild-type plants. Furthermore, sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents in these lines were similarly significantly higher, whereas starch contents were reduced in comparison to the levels in the wild-type plants. Furthermore, we detected high CBF and COR gene expression levels in cold-stressed VaBAM3-overexpressing plants. Compared with those in VaBAM3-overexpressing grape callus, the aforementioned indicators tended to change in the opposite direction in grape callus with silenced VaBAM3. Collectively, our findings indicate that heterologous overexpression of VaBAM3 enhanced cold tolerance of plants by promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars and scavenging of excessive reactive oxygen species. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of cold-resistant grape and support creation of germplasm resources for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huimin Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongjuan Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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20
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Wang J, Li Y, Guo X, Zhu K, Wu Z. A Review of the Impact of Starch on the Quality of Wheat-Based Noodles and Pasta: From the View of Starch Structural and Functional Properties and Interaction with Gluten. Foods 2024; 13:1507. [PMID: 38790811 PMCID: PMC11121694 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Starch, as a primary component of wheat, plays a crucial role in determining the quality of noodles and pasta. A deep understanding of the impact of starch on the quality of noodles and pasta is fundamentally important for the industrial progression of these products. The starch structure exerts an influence on the quality of noodles and pasta by affecting its functional attributes and the interaction of starch-gluten proteins. The effects of starch structure (amylopectin structure, amylose content, granules size, damaged starch content) on the quality of noodles and pasta is discussed. The relationship between the functional properties of starch, particularly its swelling power and pasting properties, and the texture of noodles and pasta is discussed. It is important to note that the functional properties of starch can be modified during the processing of noodles and pasta, potentially impacting the quality of the end product, However, this aspect is often overlooked. Additionally, the interaction between starch and gluten is addressed in relation to its impact on the quality of noodles and pasta. Finally, the application of exogenous starch in improving the quality of noodles and pasta is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Xiaona Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (K.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (K.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Cold Chain for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300134, China
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21
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Shi Q, Xia Y, Xue N, Wang Q, Tao Q, Li M, Xu D, Wang X, Kong F, Zhang H, Li G. Modulation of starch synthesis in Arabidopsis via phytochrome B-mediated light signal transduction. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:973-985. [PMID: 38391049 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Starch is a major storage carbohydrate in plants and is critical in crop yield and quality. Starch synthesis is intricately regulated by internal metabolic processes and external environmental cues; however, the precise molecular mechanisms governing this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that high red to far-red (high R:FR) light significantly induces the synthesis of leaf starch and the expression of synthesis-related genes, whereas low R:FR light suppress these processes. Arabidopsis phytochrome B (phyB), the primary R and FR photoreceptor, was identified as a critical positive regulator in this process. Downstream of phyB, basic leucine zipper transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) was found to enhance starch synthesis, whereas the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5) inhibit starch synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. Notably, HY5 and PIFs directly compete for binding to a shared G-box cis-element in the promoter region of genes encoding starch synthases GBSS, SS3, and SS4, which leads to antagonistic regulation of their expression and, consequently, starch synthesis. Our findings highlight the vital role of phyB in enhancing starch synthesis by stabilizing HY5 and facilitating PIFs degradation under high R:FR light conditions. Conversely, under low R:FR light, PIFs predominantly inhibit starch synthesis. This study provides insight into the physiological and molecular functions of phyB and its downstream transcription factors HY5 and PIFs in starch synthesis regulation, shedding light on the regulatory mechanism by which plants synchronize dynamic light signals with metabolic cues to module starch synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ying Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Na Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mingjing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Di Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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22
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Yan H, Zhang W, Wang Y, Jin J, Xu H, Fu Y, Shan Z, Wang X, Teng X, Li X, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhang W, Zhu C, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Cai Y, You X, Chen J, Ge X, Wang L, Xu J, Jiang L, Liu S, Lei C, Zhang X, Wang H, Ren Y, Wan J. Rice LIKE EARLY STARVATION1 cooperates with FLOURY ENDOSPERM6 to modulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1892-1912. [PMID: 38262703 PMCID: PMC11062441 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In cereal grains, starch is synthesized by the concerted actions of multiple enzymes on the surface of starch granules within the amyloplast. However, little is known about how starch-synthesizing enzymes access starch granules, especially for amylopectin biosynthesis. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) floury endosperm9 (flo9) mutant is defective in amylopectin biosynthesis, leading to grains exhibiting a floury endosperm with a hollow core. Molecular cloning revealed that FLO9 encodes a plant-specific protein homologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) LIKE EARLY STARVATION1 (LESV). Unlike Arabidopsis LESV, which is involved in starch metabolism in leaves, OsLESV is required for starch granule initiation in the endosperm. OsLESV can directly bind to starch by its C-terminal tryptophan (Trp)-rich region. Cellular and biochemical evidence suggests that OsLESV interacts with the starch-binding protein FLO6, and loss-of-function mutations of either gene impair ISOAMYLASE1 (ISA1) targeting to starch granules. Genetically, OsLESV acts synergistically with FLO6 to regulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development. Together, our results identify OsLESV-FLO6 as a non-enzymatic molecular module responsible for ISA1 localization on starch granules, and present a target gene for use in biotechnology to control starch content and composition in rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hancong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yushuang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoman You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang C, Lin J, Bu Y, Sun R, Lu Y, Gai J, Xing H, Guo N, Zhao J. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals key regulatory networks and genes involved in the determination of seed hardness in vegetable soybean. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae084. [PMID: 38766533 PMCID: PMC11101316 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Seed hardness is an important quality trait of vegetable soybean. To determine the factors underlying seed hardness, two landraces with contrasting seed hardness, Niumaohuang (low seed hardness) and Pixiansilicao (high seed hardness), were selected from 216 soybean accessions originating from 26 provinces in China. The contents of the main components in vegetable soybean seeds such as water, soluble sugar, starch, protein and oil were measured, and transcriptome analyses performed during five stages of seed developmental. Transcriptome analysis indicates that during the middle and late stages of seed development, a large number of genes involved in the synthesis or degradation of starch, storage protein, and fatty acids were differentially expressed, leading to differences in the accumulation of stored substances during seed maturation among Niumaohuang and Pixiansilicao. The activity of cell proliferation and the formation of cell walls in the middle and late stages of seed development may also affect the hardness of seeds to a certain extent. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was undertaken to identify co-expressed gene modules and hub genes that regulate seed hardness. Overexpression of a candidate seed hardness regulatory hub gene, GmSWEET2, resulted in increased seed hardness. In this study, the important role of GmSWEET2 in regulating the hardness of vegetable soybean seeds was verified and numerous potential key regulators controlling seed hardness and the proportion of seed components were identified, laying the groundwork for improving the texture of vegetable soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanpeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruidong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - JunYi Gai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Han Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL) / National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration / State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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24
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Van Brenk JB, Courbier S, Kleijweg CL, Verdonk JC, Marcelis LFM. Paradise by the far-red light: Far-red and red:blue ratios independently affect yield, pigments, and carbohydrate production in lettuce, Lactuca sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383100. [PMID: 38745919 PMCID: PMC11091871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In controlled environment agriculture, customized light treatments using light-emitting diodes are crucial to improving crop yield and quality. Red (R; 600-700 nm) and blue light (B; 400-500 nm) are two major parts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), often preferred in crop production. Far-red radiation (FR; 700-800 nm), although not part of PAR, can also affect photosynthesis and can have profound effects on a range of morphological and physiological processes. However, interactions between different red and blue light ratios (R:B) and FR on promoting yield and nutritionally relevant compounds in crops remain unknown. Here, lettuce was grown at 200 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR under three different R:B ratios: R:B87.5:12.5 (12.5% blue), R:B75:25 (25% blue), and R:B60:40 (40% blue) without FR. Each treatment was also performed with supplementary FR (50 µmol m-2 s-1; R:B87.5:12.5+FR, R:B75:25+FR, and R:B60:40+FR). White light with and without FR (W and W+FR) were used as control treatments comprising of 72.5% red, 19% green, and 8.5% blue light. Increasing the R:B ratio from R:B87.5:12.5 to R:B60:40, there was a decrease in fresh weight (20%) and carbohydrate concentration (48% reduction in both sugars and starch), whereas pigment concentrations (anthocyanins, chlorophyll, and carotenoids), phenolic compounds, and various minerals all increased. These results contrasted the effects of FR supplementation in the growth spectra; when supplementing FR to different R:B backgrounds, we found a significant increase in plant fresh weight, dry weight, total soluble sugars, and starch. Additionally, FR decreased concentrations of anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and various minerals. Although blue light and FR effects appear to directly contrast, blue and FR light did not have interactive effects together when considering plant growth, morphology, and nutritional content. Therefore, the individual benefits of increased blue light fraction and supplementary FR radiation can be combined and used cooperatively to produce crops of desired quality: adding FR increases growth and carbohydrate concentration while increasing the blue fraction increases nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B. Van Brenk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Courbier
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Celestin L. Kleijweg
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Julian C. Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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25
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Lu XH, Wang YJ, Zhen XH, Yu H, Pan M, Fu DQ, Li RM, Liu J, Luo HY, Hu XW, Yao Y, Guo JC. Functional Characterization of the MeSSIII-1 Gene and Its Promoter from Cassava. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4711. [PMID: 38731930 PMCID: PMC11083483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble starch synthases (SSs) play important roles in the synthesis of cassava starch. However, the expression characteristics of the cassava SSs genes have not been elucidated. In this study, the MeSSIII-1 gene and its promoter, from SC8 cassava cultivars, were respectively isolated by PCR amplification. MeSSIII-1 protein was localized to the chloroplasts. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the MeSSIII-1 gene was expressed in almost all tissues tested, and the expression in mature leaves was 18.9 times more than that in tuber roots. MeSSIII-1 expression was induced by methyljasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET) hormones in cassava. MeSSIII-1 expression patterns were further confirmed in proMeSSIII-1 transgenic cassava. The promoter deletion analysis showed that the -264 bp to -1 bp MeSSIII-1 promoter has basal activity. The range from -1228 bp to -987 bp and -488 bp to -264 bp significantly enhance promoter activity. The regions from -987 bp to -747 bp and -747 bp to -488 bp have repressive activity. These findings will provide an important reference for research on the potential function and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of the MeSSIII-1 gene and for further in-depth exploration of the regulatory network of its internal functional elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xing-Hou Zhen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Hui Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Mu Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Dong-Qing Fu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Rui-Mei Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hai-Yan Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Xin-Wen Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Yuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian-Chun Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
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26
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Cao D, Dang B, Yang X, Fan S, Shen Y, Li G, Liu B. Creating a zero amylose barley with high soluble sugar content by genome editing. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:50. [PMID: 38656412 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Amylose biosynthesis is strictly associated with granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoded by the Waxy gene. Mutagenesis of single bases in the Waxy gene, which induced by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, caused absence of intact GBSSI protein in grain of the edited line. The amylose and amylopectin contents of waxy mutants were zero and 31.73%, while those in the wild type were 33.50% and 39.00%, respectively. The absence of GBSSI protein led to increase in soluble sugar content to 37.30% compared with only 10.0% in the wild type. Sucrose and β-glucan, were 39.16% and 35.40% higher in waxy mutants than in the wild type, respectively. Transcriptome analysis identified differences between the wild type and waxy mutants that could partly explain the reduction in amylose and amylopectin contents and the increase in soluble sugar, sucrose and β-glucan contents. This waxy flour, which showed lower final viscosity and setback, and higher breakdown, could provide more option for food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Qinghai academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Bin Dang
- Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xijuan Yang
- Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shiting Fan
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuhu Shen
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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Huwanixi A, Peng Z, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Wan C. Comparative proteomic analysis of seed germination between allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense. J Proteomics 2024; 297:105130. [PMID: 38401592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination, a key initial event in the plant life cycle, directly affects cotton yield and quality. Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum gradually evolved through polyploidization, resulting in different characteristics, and this interspecific variation lacks genetic and molecular explanation. This work aimed to compare the proteomes between G. barbadense and G. hirsutum during seed germination. Here, we identified 2740 proteins for G. barbadense and 3758 for G. hirsutum. In the initial state, proteins in two cotton involved similar bioprocess, such as sugar metabolism, DNA repairing, and ABA signaling pathway. However, in the post-germination stage, G. hirsutum expressed more protein related to redox homeostasis, peroxidase activity, and pathogen interactions. Analyzing the different expression patterns of 915 single-copy orthogroups between the two kinds of cotton indicated that most of the differentially expressed proteins in G. barbadense were related to carbon metabolism. In contrast, most proteins in G. hirsutum were associated with stress response. Besides that, by proteogenomic analysis, we found 349 putative non-canonical peptides, which may be involved in plant development. These results will help to understand the different characteristics of these two kinds of cotton, such as fiber quality, yield, and adaptability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cotton is the predominant natural fiber crop worldwide; Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum have evolved through polyploidization to produce differing traits. However, given their specific features, the divergence of mechanisms underlying seed germination between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense has not been discussed. Here, we explore what protein contributes to interspecific differences between G. barbadense and G. hirsutum during the seed germination period. This study helps to elucidate the evolution and domestication history of cotton polyploids and may allow breeders to understand their domestication history better and improve fiber quality and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishuake Huwanixi
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Peng
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixian Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Shirani-Bidabadi M, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Sorkheh K, Ismaili A. Transcriptomic analysis of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber development reveals new insights into starch biosynthesis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297334. [PMID: 38574179 PMCID: PMC10994339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato tubers are rich sources of various nutrients and unique sources of starch. Many genes play major roles in different pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism during the potato tuber's life cycle. Despite substantial scientific evidence about the physiological and morphological development of potato tubers, the molecular genetic aspects of mechanisms underlying tuber formation have not yet been fully understood. In this study, for the first time, RNA-seq analysis was performed to shed light on the expression of genes involved in starch biosynthesis during potato tuber development. To this end, samples were collected at the hook-like stolon (Stage I), swollen tips stolon (Stage II), and tuber initiation (Stage III) stages of tuber formation. Overall, 23 GB of raw data were generated and assembled. There were more than 20000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); the expression of 73 genes involved in starch metabolism was further studied. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression profile of the starch biosynthesis DEGs was consistent with that of the RNA-seq data, which further supported the role of the DEGs in starch biosynthesis. This study provides substantial resources on potato tuber development and several starch synthesis isoforms associated with starch biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirani-Bidabadi
- Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi
- Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Karim Sorkheh
- Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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29
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He R, Li M, Huang B, Zou X, Li S, Sang X, Yang L. Comparative analysis of multi-angle structural alterations and cold-water solubility of kudzu starch modifications using different methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130522. [PMID: 38428777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Kudzu, a plant known for its medicinal value and health benefits, is typically consumed in the form of starch. However, the use of native kudzu starch is limited by its high pasting temperature and low solubility, leading to a poor consumer experience. In this study, kudzu starch was treated using six modification techniques: ball milling, extrusion puffing, alcoholic-alkaline, urea-alkaline, pullulanase, and extrusion puffing-pullulanase. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the intensity ratio of 1047/1022 cm-1 for the modified starches (1.02-1.21) was lower than that of the native kudzu starch (1.22). The relative crystallinity of modified kudzu starch significantly decreased, especially after ball milling, extrusion puffing, and alcoholic-alkaline treatment. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant changes in the granular structures of the modified starches. After modification, the pasting temperature of kudzu starch decreased (except for the urea-alkaline treatment), and the apparent viscosity of kudzu starch decreased from 517.95 Pa·s to 0.47 Pa·s. The cold-water solubility of extrusion-puffing and extrusion puffing-pullulanase modified kudzu starch was >70 %, which was significantly higher than that of the native starch (0.11 %). These findings establish a theoretical basis for the potential development of instant kudzu powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidi He
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Mingmei Li
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Biao Huang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaochen Zou
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China.
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30
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Li X, Ahmad AM, Zhong Y, Ding L, Blennow A, Fettke J. Starch phosphorylation regulates starch granule morphological homogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2600-2615. [PMID: 38060678 PMCID: PMC10980398 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Starch granule morphological homogeneity presents a gap in starch research. Transitory starch granules in wild-type plants are discoid, regardless of species. Notably, while the shape of starch granules can differ among mutants, it typically remains homogeneous within a genotype. We found an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, dpe2sex4, lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and glucan phosphatase SEX4, showing an unprecedented bimodal starch granule diameter distribution when grown under a light/dark rhythm. dpe2sex4 contained 2 types of starch granules: large granules and small granules. In contrast to the double starch initiation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm, where A-type granules are initiated first and B-type granules are initiated later, dpe2sex4 small and large granules developed simultaneously in the same chloroplast. Compared with the large granules, the small granules had more branched amylopectin and less surface starch-phosphate, thus having a more compact structure that may hinder starch synthesis. During plant aging, the small granules barely grew. In in vitro experiments, fewer glucosyl residues were incorporated in small granules. Under continuous light, dpe2sex4 starch granules were morphologically homogeneous. Omitting the dark phase after a 2-wk light/dark cycle by moving plants into continuous light also reduced morphological variance between these 2 types of granules. These data shed light on the impact of starch phosphorylation on starch granule morphology homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
| | - Abubakar Musa Ahmad
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
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31
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Li H, Brouwer M, Pup ED, van Lieshout N, Finkers R, Bachem CWB, Visser RGF. Allelic variation in the autotetraploid potato: genes involved in starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid metabolism as a case study. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:274. [PMID: 38475714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuber starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA)-related traits have been consistently prioritized in potato breeding, while allelic variation pattern of genes that underlie these traits is less explored. RESULTS Here, we focused on the genes involved in two important metabolic pathways in the potato: starch metabolism and SGA biosynthesis. We identified 119 genes consisting of 81 involved in starch metabolism and 38 in the biosynthesis of steroidal glycoalkaloids, and discovered 96,166 allelic variants among 2,169 gene haplotypes in six autotetraploid potato genomes. Comparative analyses revealed an uneven distribution of allelic variants among gene haplotypes and that the vast majority of deleterious mutations in these genes are retained in heterozygous state in the autotetraploid potato genomes. Leveraging full-length cDNA sequencing data, we find that approximately 70% of haplotypes of the 119 genes are transcribable. Population genetic analyses identify starch and SGA biosynthetic genes that are potentially conserved or diverged between potato varieties with varying starch or SGA content. CONCLUSIONS These results deepen the understanding of haplotypic diversity within functionally important genes in autotetraploid genomes and may facilitate functional characterization of genes or haplotypes contributing to traits related to starch and SGA in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Matthijs Brouwer
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Del Pup
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Natascha van Lieshout
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
- , SURFsara, Science Park 140, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Finkers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
- Gennovation B.V, Agro Business Park 10, Wageningen, 6708 PW, the Netherlands
| | - Christian W B Bachem
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands.
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32
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Muthui SW, Wei L, Ochieng WA, Linda EL, Otieno DO, Nyongesa EW, Liu F, Xian L. The distinctive level of interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in the leaves of submerged macrophytes plays a key role in ammonium detoxification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106840. [PMID: 38278063 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Possible ammonium detoxification mechanisms have been proposed recently, on submerged macrophytes, evidently illustrating that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays a greater role in ammonium detoxification compared to the primary glutamine synthetase/glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GS/GOGAT) pathway. In the current investigation, we cultured three submerged macrophytes to extreme concentrations of [NH4+-N] of up to 50 mg/L with the aim of clarifying the interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. The activities of carboxylation enzymes pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), in lieu of Rubisco, increased almost two-fold for ammonium tolerant species P. maackianus and M. spicatum, compared with the sensitive species P. lucens. While these enzymes are well known for their central role in CO2 fixation, their inference in conferring resistance to ammonium stress has not been well elucidated before. In this study, we demonstrate that the overproduction of PEPC and PPDK led to improved photosynthesis, better ammonium assimilation and overall ammonium detoxification in M. spicatum and P. maackianus. These findings propose likelihood for the existence of a complementary ammonium detoxification pathway that targets carbon metabolism, thus, presenting a relatively efficient linkage between nitrogen and carbon metabolisms and identify candidate species for practical restoration of fresh water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wamburu Muthui
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wei
- Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Wyckliffe Ayoma Ochieng
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Elive Limunga Linda
- Hubei University, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Duncan Ochieng Otieno
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Emmanuel Waswa Nyongesa
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xian
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Yu J, Yang J, Dai S, Xie N, Tang Y, Pi S, Zhu M. PpAmy1 Plays a Role in Fruit-Cracking by Regulating Mesocarp Starch Hydrolysis of Nectarines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2667-2677. [PMID: 38287914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var.] fruits are highly susceptible to cracking during the ripening process, which significantly decreases their commercial value. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of nectarine fruit-cracking using two nectarine varieties, namely, "Qiannianhong" (cracking-susceptible) and "CR1012" (cracking-resistant). Our findings indicate that nectarine fruit-cracking occurs during the second stage of fruit expansion. Despite no differences in epicarp cell size between "Qiannianhong" and "CR1012", the mesocarp cells of "Qiannianhong" were larger than those of "CR1012". Moreover, a comparison of starch hydrolysis between the two varieties revealed that "CR1012" had higher starch content in the mesocarp but lower soluble sugar content compared to "Qiannianhong". Additionally, by testing the α-amylase and β-amylase activity of the mesocarp, our results showed a difference only in α-amylase activity between the two varieties. Furthermore, qRT-PCR detection indicated a higher expression level of the PpAmy1 (α-amylase synthesis gene) in "Qiannianhong" compared to "CR1012". To further investigate the role of PpAmy1, we employed RNAi technology to suppress its expression in "Qiannianhong" fruits. The results showed a significant reduction in α-amylase activity, starch hydrolysis, soluble sugar content, cell size of the mesocarp, and fruit-cracking. These findings underscore the pivotal role of PpAmy1 in the occurrence of nectarine fruit cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiangheng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Shuoyue Dai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Ningzhen Xie
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Yuenan Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Shuiqin Pi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Mingtao Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Jacomassi LM, Pacola M, Momesso L, Viveiros J, Júnior OA, de Siqueira GF, de Campos M, Crusciol CAC. Foliar Application of Amino Acids and Nutrients as a Tool to Mitigate Water Stress and Stabilize Sugarcane Yield and Bioenergy Generation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38337992 PMCID: PMC10857448 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Extended periods of water stress negatively affect sugarcane crop production. The foliar application of supplements containing specific nutrients and/or organic molecules such as amino acids can improve sugarcane metabolism, stalk and sugar yields, and the quality of the extracted juice. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the foliar application of an abiotic stress protection complement (ASPC) composed of 18 amino acids and 5 macronutrients. The experiments were carried out in the field with two treatments and twelve replicates. The two treatments were no application of ASPC (control) and foliar application of ASPC. The foliar application of ASPC increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was higher in ASPC-treated plants than in control plants, reflecting higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The level of H2O2 was 11.27 nM g-1 protein in plants treated with ASPC but 23.71 nM g-1 protein in control plants. Moreover, the application of ASPC increased stalk yield and sucrose accumulation, thus increasing the quality of the raw material. By positively stabilizing the cellular redox balance in sugarcane plants, ASPC application also increased energy generation. Therefore, applying ASPC is an effective strategy for relieving water stress while improving crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moraes Jacomassi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Marcela Pacola
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Letusa Momesso
- Department of Agriculutre, School of Agriculture, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Josiane Viveiros
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Osvaldo Araújo Júnior
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Gabriela Ferraz de Siqueira
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Murilo de Campos
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
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35
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Zhang Q, Charles PD, Bendif EM, Hester SS, Mohammad S, Rickaby REM. Stimulating and toxic effect of chromium on growth and photosynthesis of a marine chlorophyte. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:676-686. [PMID: 37974482 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton can interchange trace metals in various biochemical functions, particularly under metal-limiting conditions. Here, we investigate the stimulating and toxicity effect of chromium (Cr) on a marine Chlorophyceae Osetreococcus tauri under Fe-replete and Fe-deficient conditions. We determined the growth, photosynthesis, and proteome expressions of Osetreococcus tauri cultured under different Cr and Fe concentrations. In Fe-replete conditions, the presence of Cr(VI) stimulated significantly the growth rate and the maximum yield of photochemistry of photosystem II (Fv /Fm ) of the phytoplankton, while the functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II (σPSII ) did not change. Minor additions of Cr(VI) partially rescued phytoplankton growth under Fe-limited conditions. Proteomic analysis of this alga grown in Fe-replete normal and Fe-replete with Cr addition media (10 μM Cr) showed that the presence of Cr significantly decreased the expression of phosphate-transporting proteins and photosynthetic proteins, while increasing the expression of proteins related to carbon assimilation. Cr can stimulate the growth and photosynthesis of O. tauri, but the effects are dependent on both the Cr(VI) concentration and the availability of Fe. The proteomic results further suggest that Cr(VI) addition might significantly increase starch production and carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau (CORE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Tang Qi Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Philip D Charles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - El Mahdi Bendif
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, QC, Canada
| | - Svenja S Hester
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rosalind E M Rickaby
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
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36
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Kawada Y, Hayashi E, Katsuragi Y, Imamura-Jinda A, Hirokawa T, Mizukami T, Hayashi M. Identification of Chemicals That Abrogate Folate-Dependent Inhibition of Starch Accumulation in Non-Photosynthetic Plastids of Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1551-1562. [PMID: 37801291 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is an essential cofactor for a variety of enzymes and plays a crucial role in many biological processes. We previously reported that plastidial folate prevents starch biosynthesis triggered by the influx of sugar into non-starch-accumulating plastids, such as etioplasts, and chloroplasts under darkness; hence the loss of plastidial folate induces the accumulation of starch in plastids. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we screened our in-house chemical library and searched their derivatives to identify chemicals capable of inducing starch accumulation in etioplasts. The results revealed four chemicals, compounds #120 and #375 and their derivatives, compounds #120d and #375d, respectively. The derivative compounds induced starch accumulation in etioplasts and suppressed hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. They also inhibited the post-germinative growth of seedlings under illumination. All four chemicals contained the sulfonamide group as a consensus structure. The sulfonamide group is also found in sulfa drugs, which exhibit antifolate activity, and in sulfonylurea herbicides. Further analyses revealed that compound #375d induces starch accumulation by inhibiting folate biosynthesis. By contrast, compound #120d neither inhibited folate biosynthesis nor exhibited the herbicide activity. Protein and metabolite analyses suggest that compound #120d abrogates folate-dependent inhibition of starch accumulation in etioplasts by enhancing starch biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kawada
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Eriko Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Yuya Katsuragi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Aya Imamura-Jinda
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Tsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tenmondai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-8577 Japan
| | - Tamio Mizukami
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
- Frontier Pharma, 1281-8 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
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Zhang N, Yang J, Li Z, Haider J, Zhou Y, Ji Y, Schwaneberg U, Zhu L. Influences of the Carbohydrate-Binding Module on a Fungal Starch-Active Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18405-18413. [PMID: 37962542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Noncatalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) play important roles in the function of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) but have not been well demonstrated for starch-active AA13 LPMO. In this study, four new CBMs were investigated systematically for their influence on MtLPMO toward starch in terms of substrate binding, H2O2 production activity, oxidative product yields, and the degradation effect with α-amylase and glucoamylase toward different starch substrates. Among the four MtLPMO-CBM chimeras, MtLPMO-CnCBM harboring the CBM fromColletotrichum nymphaeae showed the highest substrate binding toward different types of starch compared to MtLPMO without CBM. MtLPMO-PvCBM harboring the CBM from Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus and MtLPMO-CnCBM showed dramatically enhanced H2O2 production activity of 4.6-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively, than MtLPMO without CBM. More importantly, MtLPMO-CBM generated more oxidative products from starch polysaccharides degradation than MtLPMO alone, with 6.0-fold and 4.6-fold enhancement obtained from the oxidation of amylopectin and corn starch with MtLPMO-CnCBM, and a 5.2-fold improvement obtained with MtLPMO-AcCBM for amylose. MtLPMO-AcCBM significantly boosted the yields of reducing sugar with α-amylase upon degrading amylopectin and corn starch. These findings demonstrate that CBMs greatly influence the performance of starch-active AA13 LPMOs due to their enhanced binding and H2O2 production activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 21 West 15th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Junaid Haider
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ji
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
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Sissons M, Palombieri S, Sestili F, Lafiandra D. Impact of Variation in Amylose Content on Durum Wheat cv. Svevo Technological and Starch Properties. Foods 2023; 12:4112. [PMID: 38002170 PMCID: PMC10670430 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reserve starch, the main component of durum wheat semolina, is constituted of two glucan homopolymers (amylose and amylopectin) that differ in their chemical structure. Amylose is mainly a linear structure formed of α-1,4-linked glucose units, with a lower polymerization degree, whereas amylopectin is a highly branched structure of α-1,4-chains linked by α-1,6-bonds. Variation of the amylose/amylopectin ratio has a profound effect on the starch properties which may impact the wheat technological and nutritional characteristics and their possible use in the food and non-food sector. In this work a set of genotypes, with a range of amylose from 14.9 to 57.8%, derived from the durum wheat cv. Svevo was characterised at biochemical and rheological level and used to produce pasta to better understand the role of amylose content in a common genetic background. A negative correlation was observed between amylose content and semolina swelling power, starch peak viscosity, and pasta stickiness. A worsening of the firmness was observed in the low amylose pasta compared to the control (cv. Svevo), whereas no difference was highlighted in the high amylose samples. The resistant starch was higher in the high amylose (HA) pasta compared to the control and low amylose (LA) pasta. Noteworthy, the extent of starch digestion was reduced in the HA pasta while the LA genotypes offered a higher starch digestion, suggesting other possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Sissons
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (D.L.)
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Morin A, Porcheron B, Kodjovi GC, Moumen B, Vriet C, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N, Doidy J. Genome-wide transcriptional responses to water deficit during seed development in Pisum sativum, focusing on sugar transport and metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14062. [PMID: 38148238 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is particularly impacted by global changes, drought being a main limiting factor of crop production. Here, we focus on pea (Pisum sativum), a model legume cultivated for its seed nutritional value. A water deficit (WD) was applied during its early reproductive phase, harvesting plant organs at two key developmental stages, either at the embryonic or the seed-filling stages. We combined phenotypic, physiological and transcriptome analyses to better understand the adaptive response to drought. First, we showed that apical growth arrest is a major phenotypic indicator of water stress. Sugar content was also greatly impacted, especially leaf fructose and starch contents. Our RNA-seq analysis identified 2001 genes regulated by WD in leaf, 3684 genes in root and 2273 genes in embryonic seed, while only 80 genes were regulated during seed-filling. Hence, a large transcriptional reprogramming occurred in response to WD in seeds during early embryonic stage, but no longer during the later stage of nutritional filling. Biological processes involved in transcriptional regulation, carbon transport and metabolism were greatly regulated by WD in both source and sink organs, as illustrated by the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, sugar transporters and enzymes of the starch synthesis pathway. We then looked at the transcriptomic changes during seed development, highlighting a transition from monosaccharide utilization at the embryonic stage to sucrose transport feeding the starch synthesis pathway at the seed-filling stage. Altogether, our study presents an integrative picture of sugar transport and metabolism in response to drought and during seed development at a genome-wide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Morin
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
- Team "Environment, Bioenergies, Microalgae and Plants", BiAM DRF, CEA Cadarache, France
| | - Benoit Porcheron
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Gatepe Cedoine Kodjovi
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
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40
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Xu L, Zang E, Sun S, Li M. Main flavor compounds and molecular regulation mechanisms in fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11859-11879. [PMID: 35816297 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are an indispensable part of a healthy diet. The volatile and nonvolatile compounds present in F&V constitute unique flavor substances. This paper reviews the main flavor substances present in F&V, as well as the biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulation mechanisms of these compounds. A series of compounds introduced include aromatic substances, soluble sugars and organic acids, which constitute the key flavor substances of F&V. Esters, phenols, alcohols, amino acids and terpenes are the main volatile aromatic substances, and nonvolatile substances are represented by amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates; The combination of these ingredients is the cause of the sour, sweet, bitter, astringent and spicy taste of these foods. This provides a theoretical basis for the study of the interaction between volatile and nonvolatile substances in F&V, and also provides a research direction for the healthy development of food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Shuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, China
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41
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Jin SK, Xu LN, Leng YJ, Zhang MQ, Yang QQ, Wang SL, Jia SW, Song T, Wang RA, Tao T, Liu QQ, Cai XL, Gao JP. The OsNAC24-OsNAP protein complex activates OsGBSSI and OsSBEI expression to fine-tune starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2224-2240. [PMID: 37432878 PMCID: PMC10579716 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch accounts for up to 90% of the dry weight of rice endosperm and is a key determinant of grain quality. Although starch biosynthesis enzymes have been comprehensively studied, transcriptional regulation of starch-synthesis enzyme-coding genes (SECGs) is largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of a NAC transcription factor, OsNAC24, in regulating starch biosynthesis in rice. OsNAC24 is highly expressed in developing endosperm. The endosperm of osnac24 mutants is normal in appearance as is starch granule morphology, while total starch content, amylose content, chain length distribution of amylopectin and the physicochemical properties of the starch are changed. In addition, the expression of several SECGs was altered in osnac24 mutant plants. OsNAC24 is a transcriptional activator that targets the promoters of six SECGs; OsGBSSI, OsSBEI, OsAGPS2, OsSSI, OsSSIIIa and OsSSIVb. Since both the mRNA and protein abundances of OsGBSSI and OsSBEI were decreased in the mutants, OsNAC24 functions to regulate starch synthesis mainly through OsGBSSI and OsSBEI. Furthermore, OsNAC24 binds to the newly identified motifs TTGACAA, AGAAGA and ACAAGA as well as the core NAC-binding motif CACG. Another NAC family member, OsNAP, interacts with OsNAC24 and coactivates target gene expression. Loss-of-function of OsNAP led to altered expression in all tested SECGs and reduced the starch content. These results demonstrate that the OsNAC24-OsNAP complex plays key roles in fine-tuning starch synthesis in rice endosperm and further suggest that manipulating the OsNAC24-OsNAP complex regulatory network could be a potential strategy for breeding rice cultivars with improved cooking and eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kui Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Lian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Wen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-An Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ping Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Hammock HA, Kopsell DA, Sams CE. Application timing and duration of LED and HPS supplements differentially influence yield, nutrient bioaccumulation, and light use efficiency of greenhouse basil across seasons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174823. [PMID: 38023892 PMCID: PMC10644351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Three primary factors that impact plant growth and development are light quantity, quality, and duration. Commercial growers can manipulate these parameters using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to optimize biomass yield and plant quality. There is significant potential to synergize supplemental lighting (SL) parameters with seasonal variation of ambient sunlight to optimize crop light use efficiency (LUE), which could increase biomass while reducing SL electricity costs. To determine the best lighting characteristics and durations for different crops, particularly for enhancing the yield and nutritional quality of high-value specialty crops produced in greenhouses during the winter, a thorough efficacy comparison of progressive incremental daily light integrals (DLIs) using LED and high-pressure sodium (HPS) sources is required. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of differential application timing and DLIs of supplemental blue (B)/red (R) narrowband wavelengths from LED lighting systems and HPS lamps on greenhouse hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. 'Genovese') production. We assessed edible biomass, nutrient bioaccumulation, and LUE. Nine light treatments included: one non-supplemented natural light (NL) control, two end-of-day (EOD) HPS treatments applied for 6 h and 12 h, five EOD 20B/80R LED treatments applied for 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, 18 h, and one continuous LED treatment (24 h). Each SL treatment provided 100 µmol·m-2·s-1. The DLI of the NL control averaged 9.9 mol·m-2·d-1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol·m-2·d-1). SL treatments and growing seasons significantly impacted biomass and nutrient bioaccumulation; some SL treatments had lower yields than the non-supplemented NL control. January growing season produced the lowest fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) values compared to November, which had the highest. Mineral analyses revealed that both growing seasons and lighting types impacted macro and micronutrient accumulation. Additionally, the efficiency of each treatment in converting electrical energy into biomass varied greatly. EOD supplements using LED and HPS lighting systems both have merits for efficiently optimizing yield and nutrient accumulation in basil; however, biomass and nutrient tissue concentrations highly depend on seasonal variation in ambient sunlight in conjunction with a supplement's spectral quality, DLI, and application schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl E. Sams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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43
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Boehlein SK, Pfister B, Hennen-Bierwagen TA, Liu C, Ritter M, Hannah LC, Zeeman SC, Resende MFR, Myers AM. Soluble and insoluble α-glucan synthesis in yeast by enzyme suites derived exclusively from maize endosperm. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1456-1478. [PMID: 37339339 PMCID: PMC10517254 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that distinguish the synthesis of semi-crystalline α-glucan polymers found in plant starch granules from the synthesis of water-soluble polymers by nonplant species are not well understood. To address this, starch biosynthetic enzymes from maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm were isolated in a reconstituted environment using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a test bed. Ninety strains were constructed containing unique combinations of 11 synthetic transcription units specifying maize starch synthase (SS), starch phosphorylase (PHO), starch branching enzyme (SBE), or isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme (ISA). Soluble and insoluble branched α-glucans accumulated in varying proportions depending on the enzyme suite, with ISA function stimulating distribution into the insoluble form. Among the SS isoforms, SSIIa, SSIII, and SSIV individually supported the accumulation of glucan polymer. Neither SSI nor SSV alone produced polymers; however, synergistic effects demonstrated that both isoforms can stimulate α-glucan accumulation. PHO did not support α-glucan production by itself, but it had either positive or negative effects on polymer content depending on which SS or a combination thereof was present. The complete suite of maize enzymes generated insoluble particles resembling native starch granules in size, shape, and crystallinity. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a hierarchical assembly starting with subparticles of approximately 50 nm diameter that coalesce into discrete structures of approximately 200 nm diameter. These are assembled into semi-crystalline α-glucan superstructures up to 4 μm in length filling most of the yeast cytosol. ISA was not essential for the formation of such particles, but their abundance was increased dramatically by ISA presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Boehlein
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Barbara Pfister
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tracie A Hennen-Bierwagen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Ritter
- Institute for Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - L Curtis Hannah
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Alan M Myers
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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44
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He S, Crans VL, Jonikas MC. The pyrenoid: the eukaryotic CO2-concentrating organelle. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3236-3259. [PMID: 37279536 PMCID: PMC10473226 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pyrenoid is a phase-separated organelle that enhances photosynthetic carbon assimilation in most eukaryotic algae and the land plant hornwort lineage. Pyrenoids mediate approximately one-third of global CO2 fixation, and engineering a pyrenoid into C3 crops is predicted to boost CO2 uptake and increase yields. Pyrenoids enhance the activity of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco by supplying it with concentrated CO2. All pyrenoids have a dense matrix of Rubisco associated with photosynthetic thylakoid membranes that are thought to supply concentrated CO2. Many pyrenoids are also surrounded by polysaccharide structures that may slow CO2 leakage. Phylogenetic analysis and pyrenoid morphological diversity support a convergent evolutionary origin for pyrenoids. Most of the molecular understanding of pyrenoids comes from the model green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). The Chlamydomonas pyrenoid exhibits multiple liquid-like behaviors, including internal mixing, division by fission, and dissolution and condensation in response to environmental cues and during the cell cycle. Pyrenoid assembly and function are induced by CO2 availability and light, and although transcriptional regulators have been identified, posttranslational regulation remains to be characterized. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of pyrenoid function, structure, components, and dynamic regulation in Chlamydomonas and extrapolate to pyrenoids in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Victoria L Crans
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Martin C Jonikas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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45
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Yi K, Yue J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Hong L, Zeng H, Wei K, Mao P, Sun Y, Dou L, Li M. Germination of aged oat seeds associated with changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and storage compounds mobilization. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14020. [PMID: 37882312 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Germination of aged seeds may be associated with specific metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to examine physiological and metabolic alterations before and after germination of control and aged oat (Avena sativa) seeds. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of storage compounds were measured in the embryo and endosperm at 0, 4, 16, and 32 h of imbibition for control seeds and 0, 4, 16, 32, and 60 h of imbibition for medium vigor seeds after artificially accelerated aging; metabolomic changes were determined in embryos at 16 and 32 h of seed imbibition. In aged oat seeds, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity increased in the late imbibition stage. The content of soluble sugars decreased significantly in the later stages of imbibition, while the content of proteins increased in 32 h of seed imbibition eventually producing mannitol and proline. The mobilization of fat in deteriorated seeds was mainly through the sphingolipid metabolic pathway generated by cell growth-promoting dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate. Ascorbic acid, avenanthramide and proline levels increased significantly at 60 h of imbibition, playing an important role in the germination of aged oat seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yi
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Yue
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liu Hong
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanguo Zeng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liru Dou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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46
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Chang H, Bai J, Zhang H, Huang R, Chu H, Wang Q, Liu H, Cheng J, Jiang H. Origin and evolution of the main starch biosynthetic enzymes. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:462-468. [PMID: 37692203 PMCID: PMC10485787 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch, a semi-crystalline energy storage form primarily found in plant plastids plays a crucial role in various food or no-food applications. Despite the starch biosynthetic pathway's main enzymes have been characterized, their origin and evolution remained a subject of debate. In this study, we conducted the comprehensive phylogenetic and structural analysis of three types of starch biosynthetic enzymes: starch synthase (SS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and isoamylase-type debranching enzyme (ISA) from 51,151 annotated genomes. Our findings provide valuable insights into the possible scenario for the origin and evolution of the starch biosynthetic pathway. Initially, the ancestor of SBE can be traced back to an unidentified bacterium that existed before the formation of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This transfer event likely provided the eukaryote ancestor with the ability to synthesize glycogen. Furthermore, during the emergence of Archaeplastida, one clade of SS was transferred from Deltaproteobacteria by HGT, while ISA and the other clade of SS originated from Chlamydiae through endosymbiosis gene transfer (EGT). Both these transfer events collectively contributed to the establishment of the original starch biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, after the divergence of Viridiplantae from Rhodophyta, all three enzymes underwent multiple duplications and N-terminus extension domain modifications, resulting in the formation of functionally specialized isoforms and ultimately leading to the complete starch biosynthetic pathway. By shedding light on the evolutionary origins of key enzymes involved in the starch biosynthetic pathway, this study provides important insights into the evolutionary events of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Hejian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Huanyu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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47
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An Y, Wang D, Du J, Wang X, Xiao J. Pyrenoid: Organelle with efficient CO 2-Concentrating mechanism in algae. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154044. [PMID: 37392525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The carbon dioxide emitted by human accounts for only a small fraction of global photosynthesis consumption, half of which is due to microalgae. The high efficiency of algae photosynthesis is attributed to the pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). The formation of pyrenoid which has a variety of Rubisco-binding proteins mainly depends on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Rubisco, a CO2 fixing enzyme. At present, our understanding of pyrenoid at the molecular level mainly stems from studies of the model algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this article, we summarize the current research on the structure, assembly and application of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pyrenoids, providing new ideas for improving crop photosynthetic performance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jingxia Du
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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48
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Liu M, Li Q, Liu X, Zhang P, Zhang H. Improved thermostability of type I pullulanase from Bacillus thermoliquefaciens by error-prone PCR. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110290. [PMID: 37473696 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pullulanase (PulB) is a starch-debranching enzyme. In order to improve its catalytic performance, random mutagenesis was performed on the pullulanase gene derived from Bacillus thermoliquefaciens. Two rounds of error-prone PCR were carried out. Mutant T252S was screened in the first round of error-prone library, which had the highest catalytic activity. During the second round of mutations, mutant enzyme G250P/T252S/G253T/N255K was screened, which had further improved catalytic activity and the best thermostability. Compared with the parent enzyme, the specific activity of mutant enzyme G250P/T252S/G253T/N255K increased by 1.9 times, Km decreased by 22.7 %, kcat increased by 28.7 %, and kcat/Km increased by 68.4 %. The thermostability of the mutant enzyme improved significantly, showing that the half-life at 60 °C was extended to 7.5 h, which was 87.5 % higher than that of the parent enzyme. The mutation sites in these two rounds were concentrated in the 250-255 regions, indicating that this region was an important region affecting the catalytic activity and Thermostability. The reasons for the change of enzymtic properties was also preliminarily analyzed through three-dimensional simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Pengpai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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49
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He R, Li S, Zhao G, Zhai L, Qin P, Yang L. Starch Modification with Molecular Transformation, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Industrial Usability: A State-of-the-Art Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2935. [PMID: 37447580 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is a readily available and abundant source of biological raw materials and is widely used in the food, medical, and textile industries. However, native starch with insufficient functionality limits its utilization in the above applications; therefore, it is modified through various physical, chemical, enzymatic, genetic and multiple modifications. This review summarized the relationship between structural changes and functional properties of starch subjected to different modified methods, including hydrothermal treatment, microwave, pre-gelatinization, ball milling, ultrasonication, radiation, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical CO2, oxidation, etherification, esterification, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic modification, genetic modification, and their combined modifications. A better understanding of these features has the potential to lead to starch-based products with targeted structures and optimized properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidi He
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gongqi Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Ligong Zhai
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Peng Qin
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China
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50
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Zhang K, Wu Z, Wu X, Han H, Ju X, Fan Y, Yang C, Tang D, Cao Q, Wang J, Lv C. Regulatory and functional divergence among members of Ibβfruct2, a sweet potato vacuolar invertase gene controlling starch and glucose content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192417. [PMID: 37441177 PMCID: PMC10333694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is an important food and industrial crop. Its storage root is rich in starch, which is present in the form of granules and represents the principal storage carbohydrate in plants. Starch content is an important trait of sweet potato controlling the quality and yield of industrial products. Vacuolar invertase encoding gene Ibβfruct2 was supposed to be a key regulator of starch content in sweet potato, but its function and regulation were unclear. In this study, three Ibβfruct2 gene members were detected. Their promoters displayed differences in sequence, activity, and cis-regulatory elements and might interact with different transcription factors, indicating that the three Ibβfruct2 family members are governed by different regulatory mechanisms at the transcription level. Among them, we found that only Ibβfruct2-1 show a high expression level and promoter activity, and encodes a protein with invertase activity, and the conserved domains and three conserved motifs NDPNG, RDP, and WEC are critical to this activity. Only two and six amino acid residue variations were detected in sequences of proteins encoded by Ibβfruct2-2 and Ibβfruct2-3, respectively, compared with Ibβfruct2-1; although not within key motifs, these variations affected protein structure and affinities for the catalytic substrate, resulting in functional deficiency and low activity. Heterologous expression of Ibβfruct2-1 in Arabidopsis decreased starch content but increased glucose content in leaves, indicating Ibβfruct2-1 was a negative regulator of starch content. These findings represent an important advance in understanding the regulatory and functional divergence among duplicated genes in sweet potato, and provide critical information for functional studies and utilization of these genes in genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengdan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Haohao Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xisan Ju
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaobin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweet potato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Changwen Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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