1
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Ahmad F, Muhmood T. Clinical translation of nanomedicine with integrated digital medicine and machine learning interventions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114041. [PMID: 38897022 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials based therapeutics transform the ways of disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment with increasing sophistications in nanotechnology at a breakneck pace, but very few could reach to the clinic due to inconsistencies in preclinical studies followed by regulatory hinderances. To tackle this, integrating the nanomedicine discovery with digital medicine provide technologies as tools of specific biological activity measurement. Hence, overcome the redundancies in nanomedicine discovery by the on-site data acquisition and analytics through integrating intelligent sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML). Integrated AI/ML wearable sensors directly gather clinically relevant biochemical information from the subject's body and process data for physicians to make right clinical decision(s) in a time and cost-effective way. This review summarizes insights and recommend the infusion of actionable big data computation enabled sensors in burgeoning field of nanomedicine at academia, research institutes, and pharmaceutical industries, with a potential of clinical translation. Furthermore, many blind spots are present in modern clinically relevant computation, one of which could prevent ML-guided low-cost new nanomedicine development from being successfully translated into the clinic was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Tahir Muhmood
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
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2
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Zhang SY, Zhang LY, Wen R, Yang N, Zhang TN. Histone deacetylases and their inhibitors in inflammatory diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117295. [PMID: 39146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research efforts, inflammatory diseases remain a heavy burden on human health, causing significant economic losses annually. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a significant role in regulating inflammation (via histone and non-histone protein deacetylation) and chromatin structure and gene expression regulation. Herein, we present a detailed description of the different HDACs and their functions and analyze the role of HDACs in inflammatory diseases, including pro-inflammatory cytokine production reduction, immune cell function modulation, and anti-inflammatory cell activity enhancement. Although HDAC inhibitors have shown broad inflammatory disease treatment potentials, their clinical applicability remains limited because of their non-specific effects, adverse effects, and drug resistance. With further research and insight, these inhibitors are expected to become important tools for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. This review aims to explore the mechanisms and application prospects of HDACs and their inhibitors in multiple inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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3
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Gonzalez-Rivera JC, Galvan A, Ryder T, Milman M, Agarwal K, Kandari L, Khetan A. A high-titer scalable Chinese hamster ovary transient expression platform for production of biotherapeutics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39101569 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Transient gene expression (TGE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells offers a route to accelerate biologics development by delivering material weeks to months earlier than what is possible with conventional cell line development. However, low productivity, inconsistent product quality profiles, and scalability challenges have prevented its broader adoption. In this study, we develop a scalable CHO-based TGE system achieving 1.9 g/L of monoclonal antibody in an unmodified host. We integrated continuous flow-electroporation and alternate tangential flow (ATF) perfusion to enable an end-to-end closed system from N-1 perfusion to fed-batch 50-L bioreactor production. Optimization of both the ATF operation for three-in-one application-cell growth, buffer exchange, and cell mass concentration-and the flow-electroporation process, led to a platform for producing biotherapeutics using transiently transfected cells. We demonstrate scalability up to 50-L bioreactor, maintaining a titer over 1 g/L. We also show comparable quality between both transiently and stably produced material, and consistency across batches. The results confirm that purity, charge variants and N-glycan profiles are similar. Our study demonstrates the potential of CHO-based TGE platforms to accelerate biologics process development timelines and contributes evidence supporting its feasibility for manufacturing early clinical material, aiming to strengthen endorsement for TGE's wider implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Galvan
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Todd Ryder
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Monica Milman
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kitty Agarwal
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kandari
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Meza-Menchaca T, Albores-Medina A, Heredia-Mendez AJ, Ruíz-May E, Ricaño-Rodríguez J, Gallegos-García V, Esquivel A, Vettoretti-Maldonado G, Campos-Parra AD. Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7927. [PMID: 39063168 PMCID: PMC11276703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of the post-genomic era, epigenetics brings about an opportunity to better understand how the molecular machinery works and is led by a complex dynamic set of mechanisms, often intricate and complementary in many aspects. In particular, epigenetics links developmental biology and genetics, as well as many other areas of knowledge. The present work highlights substantial scopes and relevant discoveries related to the development of the term from its first notions. To our understanding, the concept of epigenetics needs to be revisited, as it is one of the most relevant and multifaceted terms in human knowledge. To redirect future novel experimental or theoretical efforts, it is crucial to compile all significant issues that could impact human and ecological benefit in the most precise and accurate manner. In this paper, the reader can find one of the widest compilations of the landmarks and epistemic considerations of the knowledge of epigenetics across the history of biology from the earliest epigenetic formulation to genetic determinism until the present. In the present work, we link the current body of knowledge and earlier pre-genomic concepts in order to propose a new definition of epigenetics that is faithful to its regulatory nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuluz Meza-Menchaca
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Médico-Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos s/n, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91010, Mexico; (A.J.H.-M.); (A.E.); (G.V.-M.)
| | - Arnulfo Albores-Medina
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Alma Jaqueline Heredia-Mendez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Médico-Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos s/n, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91010, Mexico; (A.J.H.-M.); (A.E.); (G.V.-M.)
| | - Eliel Ruíz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Cluster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Ricaño-Rodríguez
- Centro de Eco-Alfabetización y Diálogo de Saberes, Universidad Veracruzana, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91090, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Gallegos-García
- Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Médico-Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos s/n, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91010, Mexico; (A.J.H.-M.); (A.E.); (G.V.-M.)
| | - Giancarlo Vettoretti-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Médico-Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos s/n, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91010, Mexico; (A.J.H.-M.); (A.E.); (G.V.-M.)
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Abebe BK, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:235-256. [PMID: 38146089 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, genomic selection and other refined strategies have been used to increase the growth rate and lean meat production of beef cattle. Nevertheless, the fast growth rates of cattle breeds are often accompanied by a reduction in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, impairing meat quality. Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. Meanwhile, understanding the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle has gained significant attention to increase IMF deposition and meat quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive summary and valuable insight into the complex role of transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. This review summarizes the contemporary studies in transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, genome-wide analysis of transcription factors, epigenetic regulation of transcription factors, nutritional regulation of transcription factors, metabolic signalling pathways, functional genomics methods, transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissues, transcription factors and meat quality and comparative genomics with other livestock species. In conclusion, transcription factors play a crucial role in promoting adipocyte development and fatty acid biosynthesis in beef cattle. They control adipose tissue formation and metabolism, thereby improving meat quality and maintaining metabolic balance. Understanding the processes by which these transcription factors regulate adipose tissue deposition and lipid metabolism will simplify the development of marbling or IMF composition in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Adisasmita M, Lee HK, An Y, Kim M, Mamo MG, Hur JK, Choi D, Shin JH, Jung YK. Epigenetic modulation inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-driven fibrogenesis and enhances characteristics of chemically-derived hepatic progenitors. Ann Surg Treat Res 2024; 106:274-283. [PMID: 38725803 PMCID: PMC11076951 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2024.106.5.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the novel cell sources of cell-based liver regenerative medicine is human chemically-derived hepatic progenitors (hCdHs). We previously established this cell by direct hepatocyte reprogramming with a combination of small molecules (hepatocyte growth factor, A83-01, CHIR99021). However, there have been several issues concerning the cell's stability and maintenance, namely the occurrences of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that develop fibrotic phenotypes, resulting in the loss of hepatic progenitor characteristics. These hepatic progenitor attributes are thought to be regulated by SOX9, a transcription factor essential for hepatic progenitor cells and cholangiocytes. Methods To suppress the fibrotic phenotype and improve our long-term hCdHs culture technology, we utilized the epigenetic modulating drugs DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (sodium butyrate) that have been reported to suppress and revert hepatic fibrosis. To confirm the essential role of SOX9 to our cell, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-interference (CRISPRi) to repress the SOX9 expression. Results The treatment of only 5-azacytidine significantly reduces the fibrosis/mesenchymal marker and EMT-related transcription factor expression level in the early passages. Interestingly, this treatment also increased the hepatic progenitor markers expression, even during the reprogramming phase. Then, we confirmed the essential role of SOX9 by repressing the SOX9 expression with CRISPRi which resulted in the downregulation of several essential hepatic progenitor cell markers. Conclusion These results highlight the capacity of 5-azacytidine to inhibit EMT-driven hepatic fibrosis and the significance of SOX9 on hepatic progenitor cell stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adisasmita
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyomin K Lee
- Major in Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Genetics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yohan An
- Department of Genetics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myounghoi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael Girma Mamo
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho K. Hur
- Department of Genetics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Surendran A, Huang C, Liu L. Circular RNAs and their roles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:77. [PMID: 38321530 PMCID: PMC10848557 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with limited treatment options. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of non-coding RNAs with diverse functions in cellular processes. This review paper aims to explore the potential involvement of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of IPF and their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We begin by providing an overview of the epidemiology and risk factors associated with IPF, followed by a discussion of the pathophysiology underlying this complex disease. Subsequently, we delve into the history, types, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and then emphasize their regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of IPF. Furthermore, we examine the current methodologies for detecting circRNAs and explore their diagnostic applications in IPF. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of circRNAs in the treatment of IPF. In conclusion, circRNAs hold great promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Surendran
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Peng M, Zhang Y, Li C, Shu L, Hu Y, Su J, Xu J. scDMV: a zero-one inflated beta mixture model for DNA methylation variability with scBS-seq data. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btad772. [PMID: 38141207 PMCID: PMC10786675 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The utilization of single-cell bisulfite sequencing (scBS-seq) methods allows for precise analysis of DNA methylation patterns at the individual cell level, enabling the identification of rare populations, revealing cell-specific epigenetic changes, and improving differential methylation analysis. Nonetheless, the presence of sparse data and an overabundance of zeros and ones, attributed to limited sequencing depth and coverage, frequently results in reduced precision accuracy during the process of differential methylation detection using scBS-seq. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for an innovative differential methylation analysis approach that effectively tackles these data characteristics and enhances recognition accuracy. RESULTS We propose a novel beta mixture approach called scDMV for analyzing methylation differences in single-cell bisulfite sequencing data, which effectively handles excess zeros and ones and accommodates low-input sequencing. Our extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the scDMV approach outperforms several alternative methods in terms of sensitivity, precision, and controlling the false positive rate. Moreover, in real data applications, we observe that scDMV exhibits higher precision and sensitivity in identifying differentially methylated regions, even with low-input samples. In addition, scDMV reveals important information for GO enrichment analysis with single-cell whole-genome sequencing data that are often overlooked by other methods. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The scDMV method, along with a comprehensive tutorial, can be accessed as an R package on the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/PLX-m/scDMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Statistical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Machine Learning and Applications, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Statistical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Machine Learning and Applications, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minjiao Peng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and KLAS, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lianjie Shu
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yaohua Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Statistical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Machine Learning and Applications, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Shakour N, Karami S, Iranshahi M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Antifibrotic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102934. [PMID: 38154403 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Scar tissue accumulation in organs is the underlying cause of many fibrotic diseases. Due to the extensive array of organs affected, the long-term nature of fibrotic processes and the large number of people who suffer from the negative impact of these diseases, they constitute a serious health problem for modern medicine and a huge economic burden on society. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a relatively new class of anti-diabetic pharmaceuticals that offer additional benefits over and above their glucose-lowering properties; these medications modulate a variety of diseases, including fibrosis. Herein, we have collated and analyzed all available research on SGLT2is and their effects on organ fibrosis, together with providing a proposed explanation as to the underlying mechanisms. METHODS PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched spanning the period from 2012 until April 2023 to find relevant articles describing the antifibrotic effects of SGLT2is. RESULTS The majority of reports have shown that SGLT2is are protective against lung, liver, heart and kidney fibrosis as well as arterial stiffness. According to the results of clinical trials and animal studies, many SGLT2 inhibitors are promising candidates for the treatment of fibrosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that SGLT2is affect an array of cellular processes, including hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system and metabolic activities, all of which have been linked to fibrosis. CONCLUSION Extensive evidence indicates that SGLT2is are promising treatments for fibrosis, demonstrating protective effects in various organs and influencing key cellular processes linked to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Karami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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10
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Flora P, Ezhkova E. Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) of Histone Modifications in Epidermal Stem Cells of Adult Murine Skin. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2736:9-21. [PMID: 37615890 PMCID: PMC10841116 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) has swiftly become the preferred procedure over the past few years for genomic mapping and detecting interactions between chromatin and its bound proteins. CUT&RUN is now being widely used for characterizing the epigenetic landscape in many cell types as it utilizes far less cell numbers when compared to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), thereby making it a powerful tool for researchers working with limited material. This protocol has been specifically optimized for detecting histone modifications in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-isolated epidermal stem cells from adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Adiga D, Eswaran S, Sriharikrishnaa S, Khan NG, Prasada Kabekkodu S, Kumar D. Epigenetics of Alzheimer’s Disease: Past, Present and Future. ENZYMATIC TARGETS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 2023:27-72. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815136142123010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exemplifies a looming epidemic lacking effective
treatment and manifests with the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-β
plaques, neuroinflammation, behavioral changes, and acute cognitive impairments. It is
a complex, multifactorial disorder that arises from the intricate interaction between
environment and genetic factors, restrained via epigenetic machinery. Though the
research progress has improved the understanding of clinical manifestations and
disease advancement, the causal mechanism of detrimental consequences remains
undefined. Despite the substantial improvement in recent diagnostic modalities, it is
challenging to distinguish AD from other forms of dementia. Accurate diagnosis is a
major glitch in AD as it banks on the symptoms and clinical criteria. Several studies are
underway in exploring novel and reliable biomarkers for AD. In this direction,
epigenetic alterations have transpired as key modulators in AD pathogenesis with the
impeding inferences for the management of this neurological disorder. The present
chapter aims to discuss the significance of epigenetic modifications reported in the
pathophysiology of AD such as DNA methylation, hydroxy-methylation, methylation
of mtDNA, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Additionally, the chapter also
describes the possible therapeutic avenues that target epigenetic modifications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Sriharikrishnaa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nadeem G. Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune – 411038, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Perschinka F, Boyer N, Forni LG, Joannidis M. Renal function in very old critically ill patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:534-541. [PMID: 37861208 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current demographic change leads to higher number of elderly patients admitted to an ICU. Among other organs also the kidneys show age-related changes, which are associated with a decline in various aspects of renal function. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of structural and functional changes in elderly and also to specifically address the increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in this population. RECENT FINDINGS Ageing in the kidneys is affected by many different factors, such as low grade chronic inflammation, called inflammageing, and various comorbidities. Nevertheless, a decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) occurs independent of the presence of comorbidities and a steady decline of GFR has been reported in both healthy men and women. Pharmacodynamic of many drugs is altered by these changes. Additionally the rate of diuretic resistance appears to be increased. The cause of AKI occurrence in older age is, multifactorial and includes preventable triggers (hypovolemia, hypotension, nephrotoxins) as well as changes associated with aging. SUMMARY Age-related alterations of the kidneys were found at microscopic and macroscopic levels of the cell. These changes lead to a reduced renal reserve and subsequently to an increased vulnerability of aged kidneys when an additional stressor is added. Age is an independent risk factor for developing AKI. Physicians should take into account the altered renal function in elderly patients and take renal protective measures at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Perschinka
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Naomi Boyer
- Department of Critical Care, Royal Surrey Foundation Trust
| | - Lui G Forni
- Department of Critical Care, Royal Surrey Foundation Trust
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Heuts BMH, Martens JHA. Understanding blood development and leukemia using sequencing-based technologies and human cell systems. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1266697. [PMID: 37886034 PMCID: PMC10598665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1266697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of human hematopoiesis has undergone significant transformation throughout the years, challenging conventional views. The evolution of high-throughput technologies has enabled the accumulation of diverse data types, offering new avenues for investigating key regulatory processes in blood cell production and disease. In this review, we will explore the opportunities presented by these advancements for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Specifically, we will focus on the importance of enhancer-associated regulatory networks and highlight the crucial role of enhancer-derived transcription regulation. Additionally, we will discuss the unprecedented power of single-cell methods and the progression in using in vitro human blood differentiation system, in particular induced pluripotent stem cell models, in dissecting hematopoietic processes. Furthermore, we will explore the potential of ever more nuanced patient profiling to allow precision medicine approaches. Ultimately, we advocate for a multiparameter, regulatory network-based approach for providing a more holistic understanding of normal hematopoiesis and blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branco M H Heuts
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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14
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Dogaru BG, Munteanu C. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12555. [PMID: 37628735 PMCID: PMC10454626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the emerging role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in modulating epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has begun to elucidate the multifaceted ways in which H2S influences the epigenetic landscape and, subsequently, the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. H2S can modulate key components of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, impacting gene expression and cellular functions relevant to neuronal survival, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity. We synthesize recent research that positions H2S as an essential player within this intricate network, with the potential to open new therapeutic avenues for these currently incurable conditions. Despite significant progress, there remains a considerable gap in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating H2S levels or its downstream targets. We conclude by identifying future directions for research aimed at exploiting the therapeutic potential of H2S in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombonica Gabriela Dogaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 400437 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni” (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
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15
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Sharma C, Kadosh D. Post-transcriptional control of antifungal resistance in human fungal pathogens. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:469-484. [PMID: 35634915 PMCID: PMC9766424 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global estimates suggest that over 300 million individuals of all ages are affected by serious fungal infections every year, culminating in about 1.7 million deaths. The societal and economic burden on the public health sector due to opportunistic fungal pathogens is quite significant, especially among immunocompromised patients. Despite the high clinical significance of these infectious agents, treatment options are limited with only three major classes of antifungal drugs approved for use. Clinical management of fungal diseases is further compromised by the emergence of antifungal resistant strains. Transcriptional and genetic mechanisms that control drug resistance in human fungal pathogens are well-studied and include drug target alteration, upregulation of drug efflux pumps as well as changes in drug affinity and abundance of target proteins. In this review, we highlight several recently discovered novel post-transcriptional mechanisms that control antifungal resistance, which involve regulation at the translational, post-translational, epigenetic, and mRNA stability levels. The discovery of many of these novel mechanisms has opened new avenues for the development of more effective antifungal treatment strategies and new insights, perspectives, and future directions that will facilitate this process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheshta Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - David Kadosh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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16
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Ortega MA, De Leon-Oliva D, Garcia-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Boaru DL, Del Val Toledo Lobo M, García-Tuñón I, Royuela M, García-Honduvilla N, Bujan J, Guijarro LG, Alvarez-Mon M, Alvarez-Mon MÁ. Understanding HAT1: A Comprehensive Review of Noncanonical Roles and Connection with Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040915. [PMID: 37107673 PMCID: PMC10137880 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays a vital role in organizing chromatin, regulating gene expression and controlling the cell cycle. The first histone acetyltransferase to be identified was histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1), but it remains one of the least understood acetyltransferases. HAT1 catalyzes the acetylation of newly synthesized H4 and, to a lesser extent, H2A in the cytoplasm. However, 20 min after assembly, histones lose acetylation marks. Moreover, new noncanonical functions have been described for HAT1, revealing its complexity and complicating the understanding of its functions. Recently discovered roles include facilitating the translocation of the H3H4 dimer into the nucleus, increasing the stability of the DNA replication fork, replication-coupled chromatin assembly, coordination of histone production, DNA damage repair, telomeric silencing, epigenetic regulation of nuclear lamina-associated heterochromatin, regulation of the NF-κB response, succinyl transferase activity and mitochondrial protein acetylation. In addition, the functions and expression levels of HAT1 have been linked to many diseases, such as many types of cancer, viral infections (hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus and viperin synthesis) and inflammatory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke). The collective data reveal that HAT1 is a promising therapeutic target, and novel therapeutic approaches, such as RNA interference and the use of aptamers, bisubstrate inhibitors and small-molecule inhibitors, are being evaluated at the preclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Val Toledo Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Mar Royuela
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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18
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Ting L, Feng Y, Zhou Y, Tong Z, Dong Z. IL-27 induces autophagy through regulation of the DNMT1/lncRNA MEG3/ERK/p38 axis to reduce pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:67. [PMID: 36869378 PMCID: PMC9985266 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that interleukin-27 (IL-27) can reduce bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the underlying mechanism by which IL-27 attenuates PF is not fully clear. METHODS In this research, we used BLM to construct a PF mouse model, and MRC-5 cells stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were used to construct a PF model in vitro. The lung tissue status was observed by Masson and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. To detect gene expression, RT‒qPCR was used. The protein levels were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. EdU and ELISA were used to detect cell proliferation viability and hydroxyproline (HYP) content, respectively. RESULTS Aberrant IL-27 expression was observed in BLM-induced mouse lung tissues, and the use of IL-27 attenuated mouse lung tissue fibrosis. TGF-β1 induced autophagy inhibition in MRC-5 cells, and IL-27 alleviated MRC-5 cell fibrosis by activating autophagy. The mechanism is inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated lncRNA MEG3 methylation and ERK/p38 signaling pathway activation. Overexpression of DNMT1, knockdown of lncRNA MEG3, autophagy inhibitor or ERK/p38 signaling pathway inhibitors reversed the positive effect of IL-27 in a lung fibrosis model in vitro. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study shows that IL-27 upregulates MEG3 expression through inhibition of DNMT1-mediated lncRNA MEG3 promoter methylation, which in turn inhibits ERK/p38 signaling pathway-induced autophagy and attenuates BLM-induced PF, providing a contribution to the elucidation of the potential mechanisms by which IL-27 attenuates PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ting
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Huamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Huamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongkai Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Huamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Huamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Rabaan AA, Eljaaly K, Alfouzan WA, Mutair AA, Alhumaid S, Alfaraj AH, Aldawood Y, Alsaleh AA, Albayat H, Azmi RA, AlKaabi N, Alzahrani SJ, AlBahrani S, Sulaiman T, Alshukairi AN, Abuzaid AA, Garout M, Ahmad R, Muhammad J. Psychogenetic, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in Candida auris: Role in drug resistance. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:257-263. [PMID: 36608452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we are facing the challenge of drug resistance emergence in fungi. The availability of limited antifungals and development of multi-drug resistance in fungal pathogens has become a serious concern in the past years in the health sector. Although several cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the drug resistance mechanism in fungi, but a complete understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms is still lacking. Besides the genetic mechanism, epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in the fungal lifecycle and disease biology. However, very little is understood about the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the emergence of multi-drug resistance in fungi, especially in Candida auris (C. auris). The current narrative review summaries the clinical characteristics, genomic organization, and molecular/genetic/epigenetic mechanisms underlying the emergence of drug resistance in C. auris. A very few studies have attempted to evaluate the role of epigenetic mechanisms in C. auris. Furthermore, advanced genetic tools such as the CRISP-Cas9 system can be utilized to elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms and their role in the emergence of multi-drug resistance in C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
| | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy Practice and Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wadha A Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait; Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Aldawood
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reyouf Al Azmi
- Infection Prevention and Control, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal AlKaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, 51900, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samira J Alzahrani
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 31932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma AlBahrani
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 31932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Abuzaid
- Medical Microbiology Department, Security Forces Hospital Programme, Dammam 32314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Javed Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
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20
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Huang Z, Wang J, Yan Z, Wan L, Guo M. Differential Gene Expression Prediction by Ensemble Deep Networks on Histone Modification Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:340-351. [PMID: 34971538 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3139634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Predicting differential gene expression (DGE) from Histone modifications (HM) signal is crucial to understand how HM controls cell functional heterogeneity through influencing differential gene regulation. Most existing prediction methods use fixed-length bins to represent HM signals and transmit these bins into a single machine learning model to predict differential expression genes of single cell type or cell type pair. However, the inappropriate bin length may cause the splitting of the important HM segment and lead to information loss. Furthermore, the bias of single learning model may limit the prediction accuracy. Considering these problems, in this paper, we proposes an Ensemble deep neural networks framework for predicting Differential Gene Expression (EnDGE). EnDGE employs different feature extractors on input HM signal data with different bin lengths and fuses the feature vectors for DGE prediction. Ensemble multiple learning models with different HM signal cutting strategies helps to keep the integrity and consistency of genetic information in each signal segment, and offset the bias of individual models. Besides the popular feature extractors, we also propose a new Residual Network based model with higher prediction accuracy to increase the diversity of feature extractors. Experiments on the real datasets from the Roadmap Epigenome Project (REMC) show that for all cell type pairs, EnDGE significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines for differential gene expression prediction.
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21
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Raval M, Mishra S, Tiwari AK. Epigenetic regulons in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:185-247. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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22
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Pan ZY, Ling YY, Zhang H, Hao L, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Pt(IV)-Deferasirox Prodrug Combats DNA Damage Repair by Regulating RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Methylation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14692-14700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yi Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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23
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Xu N, Liu J, Li X. Lupus nephritis: The regulatory interplay between epigenetic and MicroRNAs. Front Physiol 2022; 13:925416. [PMID: 36187762 PMCID: PMC9523357 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.925416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNA molecules that act as epigenetic modifiers to regulate the protein levels of target messenger RNAs without altering their genetic sequences. The highly complex role of miRNAs in the epigenetics of lupus nephritis (LN) is increasingly being recognized. DNA methylation and histone modifications are focal points of epigenetic research. miRNAs play a critical role in renal development and physiology, and dysregulation may result in abnormal renal cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis of the kidneys in LN. However, epigenetic and miRNA-mediated regulation are not mutually exclusive. Further research has established a link between miRNA expression and epigenetic regulation in various disorders, including LN. This review summarizes the most recent evidence regarding the interaction between miRNAs and epigenetics in LN and highlights potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangling Li,
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24
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Mahadevan S, Kwong K, Lu M, Kelly E, Chami B, Romin Y, Fujisawa S, Manova K, Moore MAS, Zoellner H. A Novel Cartesian Plot Analysis for Fixed Monolayers That Relates Cell Phenotype to Transfer of Contents between Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells by Cell-Projection Pumping. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147949. [PMID: 35887295 PMCID: PMC9316567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently described cell-projection pumping as a mechanism transferring cytoplasm between cells. The uptake of fibroblast cytoplasm by co-cultured SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells changes SAOS-2 morphology and increases cell migration and proliferation, as seen by single-cell tracking and in FACS separated SAOS-2 from co-cultures. Morphological changes in SAOS-2 seen by single cell tracking are consistent with previous observations in fixed monolayers of SAOS-2 co-cultures. Notably, earlier studies with fixed co-cultures were limited by the absence of a quantitative method for identifying sub-populations of co-cultured cells, or for quantitating transfer relative to control populations of SAOS-2 or fibroblasts cultured alone. We now overcome that limitation by a novel Cartesian plot analysis that identifies individual co-cultured cells as belonging to one of five distinct cell populations, and also gives numerical measure of similarity to control cell populations. We verified the utility of the method by first confirming the previously established relationship between SAOS-2 morphology and uptake of fibroblast contents, and also demonstrated similar effects in other cancer cell lines including from melanomas, and cancers of the ovary and colon. The method was extended to examine global DNA methylation, and while there was no clear effect on SAOS-2 DNA methylation, co-cultured fibroblasts had greatly reduced DNA methylation, similar to cancer associated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Mahadevan
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (E.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Kenelm Kwong
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (E.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Mingjie Lu
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (E.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Kelly
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (E.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Belal Chami
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (E.K.); (B.C.)
- The School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology, The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 415-417 E 68 Street, ZRC 1962, New York, NY 10065, USA; (Y.R.); (S.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Sho Fujisawa
- Molecular Cytology, The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 415-417 E 68 Street, ZRC 1962, New York, NY 10065, USA; (Y.R.); (S.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Katia Manova
- Molecular Cytology, The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 415-417 E 68 Street, ZRC 1962, New York, NY 10065, USA; (Y.R.); (S.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Malcolm A. S. Moore
- Cell Biology, The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 E 67th St, RRL 717, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Hans Zoellner
- The Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (E.K.); (B.C.)
- Cell Biology, The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 E 67th St, RRL 717, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Strongarch Pty Ltd., Pennant Hills, NSW 2120, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-466400028
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Shen C, Han L, Liu B, Zhang G, Cai Z, Yin X, Yin Y, Chen Z, Zhang B. The KDM6A-SPARCL1 axis blocks metastasis and regulates the tumour microenvironment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1457-1469. [PMID: 35136209 PMCID: PMC9090789 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is urgent to explore the pathogenic mechanism of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). KDM6A, a histone demethylase, can activate gene transcription and has not been reported in GISTs. SPARCL1 may serve as a metastasis marker in GIST, but the molecular mechanism remains to be further explored. This study aimed to explore the biological function and molecular mechanism of KDM6A and SPARCL1 in GIST. METHODS CCK-8, live cell count, colony formation, wound-healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to detect the cell proliferation, migration and invasion. A xenograft model and hepatic metastasis model were used to assess the role of KDM6A and SPARCL1 in vivo. RESULTS KDM6A inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GIST cells. Mechanistically, KDM6A promotes the transcription of SPARCL1 by demethylating histone H3 lysine trimethylation and consequently leads to the inactivation of p65. SPARCL1 affected the metastasis of GIST cells in a mesenchymal-epithelial transition- and matrix-metalloproteinase-dependent manner. SPARCL1 knockdown promoted angiogenesis, M2 polarisation and macrophage recruitment by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65. Moreover, KDM6A and SPARCL1 inhibited hepatic metastasis and macrophage infiltration in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish the critical role of the KDM6A-SPARCL1-p65 axis in restraining the malignancy of GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyin Han
- Intensive care unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baike Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaonan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dwibedi V, Jain S, Singhal D, Mittal A, Rath SK, Saxena S. Inhibitory activities of grape bioactive compounds against enzymes linked with human diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1399-1417. [PMID: 35106636 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A quest for identification of novel, safe and efficient natural compounds, as additives in the modern food and cosmetic industries, has been prompted by concerns about toxicity and side effects of synthetic products. Plant phenolic compounds are one of the most documented natural products due to their multifarious biological applications. Grape (Vitis vinifera) is an important source of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, tannins, quinones, coumarins and, most importantly, flavonoids/flavones. This review crisply encapsulates enzyme inhibitory activities of various grape polyphenols towards different key human-ailment-associated enzymes: xanthine oxidase (gout), tyrosinase (hyperpigmentation), α-amylase and α-glucosidase (diabetes mellitus), pancreatic lipase (obesity), cholinesterase (Alzheimer's disease), angiotensin i-converting enzymes (hypertension), α-synuclein (Parkinson's disease) and histone deacetylase (various diseases). The review also depicts the enzyme inhibitory mechanism of various grape polyphenols and briefly discusses their stature as potential therapeutic and drug development candidates. KEY POINTS: • Nineteen major bioactive polyphenols from the grape/grape products and their disease targets are presented • Sixty-two important polyphenols as enzyme inhibitors from grape/grape products are presented • A thorough description and graphical presentation of biological significance of polyphenols against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147001, India
| | - Sahil Jain
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Divya Singhal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Anuradha Mittal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Danteswari College of Pharmacy, Borpadar, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, 494221, India.
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147001, India
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Mei Q, Liu Z, Zuo H, Yang Z, Qu J. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Update on Pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797292. [PMID: 35126134 PMCID: PMC8807692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, lethal fibrotic lung disease that occurs primarily in middle-aged and elderly adults. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With an increase in life expectancy, the economic burden of IPF is expected to continuously rise in the near future. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IPF remain not known. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disease in last decade. The current paradigm assumes that IPF results from sustained or repetitive lung epithelial injury and subsequent activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblast differentiation. Persistent myofibroblast phenotype contributes to excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and aberrant lung repair, leading to tissue scar formation, distortion of the alveolar structure, and irreversible loss of lung function. Treatments of patients with IPF by pirfenidone and nintedanib have shown significant reduction of lung function decline and slowing of disease progression in patients with IPF. However, these drugs do not cure the disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the pathogenesis of IPF and highlight the development of novel therapeutic strategies against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Qu
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Yang, ; Jing Qu,
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St Germain C, Zhao H, Sinha V, Sanz LA, Chédin F, Barlow J. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2051-2073. [PMID: 35100392 PMCID: PMC8887484 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicts between transcription and replication machinery are a potent source of replication stress and genome instability; however, no technique currently exists to identify endogenous genomic locations prone to transcription–replication interactions. Here, we report a novel method to identify genomic loci prone to transcription–replication interactions termed transcription–replication immunoprecipitation on nascent DNA sequencing, TRIPn-Seq. TRIPn-Seq employs the sequential immunoprecipitation of RNA polymerase 2 phosphorylated at serine 5 (RNAP2s5) followed by enrichment of nascent DNA previously labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. Using TRIPn-Seq, we mapped 1009 unique transcription–replication interactions (TRIs) in mouse primary B cells characterized by a bimodal pattern of RNAP2s5, bidirectional transcription, an enrichment of RNA:DNA hybrids, and a high probability of forming G-quadruplexes. TRIs are highly enriched at transcription start sites and map to early replicating regions. TRIs exhibit enhanced Replication Protein A association and TRI-associated genes exhibit higher replication fork termination than control transcription start sites, two marks of replication stress. TRIs colocalize with double-strand DNA breaks, are enriched for deletions, and accumulate mutations in tumors. We propose that replication stress at TRIs induces mutations potentially contributing to age-related disease, as well as tumor formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Commodore P St Germain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- School of Mathematics and Science, Solano Community College, 4000 Suisun Valley Road, Fairfield, CA 94534, USA
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vrishti Sinha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lionel A Sanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Frédéric Chédin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jacqueline H Barlow
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 530 752 9529; Fax: +1 530 752 9014;
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Kim D, Yoon C, Lee GM. Small molecule epigenetic modulators for enhancing recombinant antibody production in CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:820-831. [PMID: 34961935 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule epigenetic modulators that modify epigenetic states in cells are useful tools for regulating gene expression by inducing chromatin remodeling. To identify small molecule epigenetic modulators that enhance recombinant protein expression in CHO cells, we examined eight histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) and six DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as chemical additives in recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell cultures. Among these, a benzamide-based iHDAC, CI994, was the most effective in increasing monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. Despite suppressing cell growth, the addition of CI994 to mAb-expressing GSR cell cultures at 10 μM resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in maximum mAb concentration due to a 3.0-fold increase in specific mAb productivity (q mAb ). CI994 increased mAb mRNA levels and histone H3 acetylation in GSR cells, and ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed that CI994 significantly increased the histone H3 acetylation level at the CMV promoter driving mAb gene expression, indicating that chromatin remodeling in the promoter region results in enhanced mAb gene transcription and q mAb . Similar beneficial effects of CI994 on mAb production were observed in mAb-expressing CS13-1.00 cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that CI994 increases mAb production in rCHO cell cultures by chromatin remodeling resulting from acetylation of histones in the mAb gene promoter. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chansik Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Liu S, Chong W. Roles of LncRNAs in Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Septic Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:802085. [PMID: 34899764 PMCID: PMC8652231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an abnormal systemic inflammatory response of the host immune system to infection and can lead to fatal multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Epidemiological studies have shown that approximately 10-70% of sepsis cases can lead to septic cardiomyopathy. Since the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy is not clear, it is difficult for medical doctors to treat the disease. Therefore, finding effective interventions to prevent and reduce myocardial damage in septic cardiomyopathy is clinically significant. Epigenetics is the study of stable genetic phenotype inheritance that does not involve changing gene sequences. Epigenetic inheritance is affected by both gene and environmental regulation. Epigenetic studies focus on the modification and influence of chromatin structure, mainly including chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-related mechanisms. Recently, long ncRNA (lncRNA)-related mechanisms have been the focus of epigenetic studies. LncRNAs are expected to become important targets to prevent, diagnose and treat human diseases. As the energy metabolism centre of cells, mitochondria are important targets in septic cardiomyopathy. Intervention measures to prevent and treat mitochondrial damage are of great significance for improving the prognosis of septic cardiomyopathy. LncRNAs play important roles in life activities. Recently, studies have focused on the involvement of lncRNAs in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction. However, few studies have revealed the involvement of lncRNAs in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. In this article, we briefly review recent research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Siblini Y, Chéry C, Rouyer P, Raso J, Julien A, Hergalant S, François A, Bezdetnaya L, Vogin G, Guéant JL, Oussalah A. Ionizing radiations induce shared epigenomic signatures unraveling adaptive mechanisms of cancerous cell lines with or without methionine dependency. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:212. [PMID: 34852845 PMCID: PMC8638416 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although radiation therapy represents a core cancer treatment modality, its efficacy is hampered by radioresistance. The effect of ionizing radiations (IRs) is well known regarding their ability to induce genetic alterations; however, their impact on the epigenome landscape in cancer, notably at the CpG dinucleotide resolution, remains to be further deciphered. In addition, no evidence is available regarding the effect of IRs on the DNA methylome profile according to the methionine dependency phenotype, which represents a hallmark of metabolic adaptation in cancer. METHODS We used a case-control study design with a fractionated irradiation regimen on four cancerous cell lines representative of HCC (HepG2), melanoma (MeWo and MeWo-LC1, which exhibit opposed methionine dependency phenotypes), and glioblastoma (U251). We performed high-resolution genome-wide DNA methylome profiling using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip on baseline conditions, irradiated cell lines (cumulative dose of 10 Gy), and non-irradiated counterparts. We performed epigenome-wide association studies to assess the effect of IRs and methionine-dependency-oriented analysis by carrying out epigenome-wide conditional logistic regression. We looked for epigenome signatures at the locus and single-probe (CpG dinucleotide) levels and through enrichment analyses of gene ontologies (GO). The EpiMet project was registered under the ID#AAP-BMS_003_211. RESULTS EWASs revealed shared GO annotation pathways associated with increased methylation signatures for several biological processes in response to IRs, including blood circulation, plasma membrane-bounded cell projection organization, cell projection organization, multicellular organismal process, developmental process, and animal organ morphogenesis. Epigenome-wide conditional logistic regression analysis on the methionine dependency phenotype highlighted several epigenome signatures related to cell cycle and division and responses to IR and ultraviolet light. CONCLUSIONS IRs generated a variation in the methylation level of a high number of CpG probes with shared biological pathways, including those associated with cell cycle and division, responses to IRs, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis. These results provide insight on shared adaptive mechanisms of the epigenome in cancerous cell lines in response to IR. Future experiments should focus on the tryptic association between IRs, the initiation of a radioresistance phenotype, and their interaction with methionine dependency as a hallmark of metabolic adaptation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Siblini
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Céline Chéry
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Rouyer
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Jérémie Raso
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Amélia Julien
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Lorraine Institute of Oncology, 54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, UMR_7039, CRAN (Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Vogin
- UMR_7365, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire Et Ingénierie Articulaire), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, CNRS-UL, University of Lorraine, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- INSERM, UMR_S1256, NGERE (Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Chandrasekaran M, Boopathi T, Paramasivan M. A status-quo review on CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing applications in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:120-129. [PMID: 34474054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are emancipated in horticultural crops including tomato due to a variety of environmental factors. These modifications rely on plant phenotypes mediated by genetic architecture consequently resulting in hereditary epigenetic memory. Genome editing strategies like CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technologies have revolutionized plants biology foreseeing stable inheritance of epigenetic modifications. CRISPR/Cas9 strategy poses as explicit advancement in providing precise genome editing with minimal off-target mutations, ease of experimental design, higher efficiency, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Dicot crops, especially tomato remain an ideal candidate for CRISPR/Cas9 based gene modulations thereby augmenting productivity and yields. In the present review, key questions on CRISPR/Cas9 applications aid in enhanced growth based on optimal gene discovery, de novo modification, trait improvement, and biotic/abiotic stress management are discussed. In addition, comparative scenario in tomato and similar horticultural crops are adequately summarized for the pros and cons. Further, limitations hampering potential benefits and success phenomena of the lab to field transition of gene editing alterations are discussed collaterally in addressing futuristic optimization for CRISPR/Cas9 research in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Yu S, Meng S, Xiang M, Ma H. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cell metabolism: Roles and mechanisms beyond gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101257. [PMID: 34020084 PMCID: PMC8190478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) has been almost exclusively recognized as a critical enzyme in gluconeogenesis, especially in the liver and kidney. Accumulating evidence has shown that the enhanced activity of PCK leads to increased glucose output and exacerbation of diabetes, whereas the defects of PCK result in lethal hypoglycemia. Genetic mutations or polymorphisms are reported to be related to the onset and progression of diabetes in humans. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent studies revealed that the PCK pathway is more complex than just gluconeogenesis, depending on the health or disease condition. Dysregulation of PCK may contribute to the development of obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, and cancer. Moreover, a regulatory network with multiple layers, from epigenetic regulation, transcription regulation, to posttranscription regulation, precisely tunes the expression of PCK. Deciphering the molecular basis that regulates PCK may pave the way for developing practical strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of the PCK enzyme in cells, especially beyond gluconeogenesis. We highlight the distinct functions of PCK isoforms (PCK1 and PCK2), depict a detailed network regulating PCK's expression, and discuss its clinical relevance. We also discuss the therapeutic potential targeting PCK and the future direction that is highly in need to better understand PCK-mediated signaling under diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns of Epigenetic Enzymes Dnmt3a, Tet1 and Ogt in Murine Chondrogenic Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102678. [PMID: 34685658 PMCID: PMC8534543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the gene expression pattern of selected enzymes involved in DNA methylation and the effects of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine during in vitro and in vivo cartilage formation. Based on the data of a PCR array performed on chondrifying BMP2-overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells, the relative expressions of Tet1 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1), Dnmt3a (DNA methyltransferase 3), and Ogt (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase) were further examined with RT-qPCR in murine cell line-based and primary chondrifying micromass cultures. We found very strong but gradually decreasing expression of Tet1 throughout the entire course of in vitro cartilage differentiation along with strong signals in the cartilaginous embryonic skeleton using specific RNA probes for in situ hybridization on frozen sections of 15-day-old mouse embryos. Dnmt3a and Ogt expressions did not show significant changes with RT-qPCR and gave weak in situ hybridization signals. The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine reduced cartilage-specific gene expression and cartilage formation when applied during the early stages of chondrogenesis. In contrast, it had a stimulatory effect when added to differentiated chondrocytes, and quantitative methylation-specific PCR proved that the DNA methylation pattern of key chondrogenic marker genes was altered by the treatment. Our results indicate that the DNA demethylation inducing Tet1 plays a significant role during chondrogenesis, and inhibition of DNA methylation exerts distinct effects in different phases of in vitro cartilage formation.
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Chen ZB, Liu X, Chen AT. "Enhancing" mechanosensing: Enhancers and enhancer-derived long non-coding RNAs in endothelial response to flow. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:153-169. [PMID: 34696884 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), uniquely localized and strategically forming the inner lining of vascular wall, constitute the largest cell surface by area in the human body. The dynamic sensing and response of ECs to mechanical cues, especially shear stress, is crucial for maintenance of vascular homeostasis. It is well recognized that different flow patterns associated with atheroprotective vs atheroprone regions in the arterial tree, result in distinct EC functional phenotypes with differential transcriptome profiles. Mounting evidence has demonstrated an integrative and essential regulatory role of non-coding genome in EC biology. In particular, recent studies have begun to reveal the importance of enhancers and enhancer-derived transcripts in flow-regulated EC gene expression and function. In this minireview, we summarize studies in this area and discuss examples in support of the emerging importance of enhancers and enhancer(-derived) long non-coding RNAs (elncRNAs) in EC mechanosensing, with a focus on flow-responsive EC transcription. Finally, we will provide perspective and discuss standing questions to elucidate the role of these novel regulators in EC mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA, United States; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Aleysha T Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Qi D, Song X, Xue C, Yao W, Shen P, Yu H, Zhang Z. AKT1/FOXP3 axis-mediated expression of CerS6 promotes p53 mutant pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:105-118. [PMID: 34343636 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CerSs) catalyze the formation of ceramides from sphingoid bases and acyl-CoA substrates. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells generally exhibit altered sphingolipid metabolism in the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers. However, there is no evidence that CerSs are associated with pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). In the present study, we examined CerS expression in clinical tissue and conducted data mining to investigate the clinical significance of CerSs in the TCGA-PAAD database. We found that high CerS6 expression positively correlated with progression and predicted worse prognosis in PDAC patients, establishing CerS6 as a potential biomarker for PDAC. Furthermore, CerS6 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion by producing C16-ceramide and was required for tumor formation. Mechanistically, AKT1 interacted with and phosphorylated FOXP3 at S418, which decreased the binding of FOXP3 to the CERS6 promoter and in turn induced CerS6 expression by reconstituting an activated state on the CERS6 promoter. The AKT1/FOXP3 axis mediated the CerS6 expression and promoted p53 mutant pancreatic tumorigenesis by producing excessive C16-ceramide, which induced the accumulation of mutant p53. Thus, our study explores the relationship between PI3K/AKT signaling and sphingolipid metabolism, revealing an oncogenic role for CerS6, which may represent a potential target for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachuan Qi
- General Surgery Department II of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Xuwei Song
- General Surgery Department II of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Chunhua Xue
- General Surgery Department II of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- General Surgery Department II of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Penghui Shen
- General Surgery Department II of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Hua Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- General Surgery Department II of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
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Sahm A, Koch P, Horvath S, Hoffmann S. An analysis of methylome evolution in primates. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4700-4714. [PMID: 34175932 PMCID: PMC8557466 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the investigation of the epigenome becomes increasingly important, still little is known about the long-term evolution of epigenetic marks and systematic investigation strategies are still lacking. Here, we systematically demonstrate the transfer of classic phylogenetic methods such as maximum likelihood based on substitution models, parsimony, and distance-based to interval-scaled epigenetic data. Using a great apes blood data set, we demonstrate that DNA methylation is evolutionarily conserved at the level of individual CpGs in promotors, enhancers, and genic regions. Our analysis also reveals that this epigenomic conservation is significantly correlated with its transcription factor binding density. Binding sites for transcription factors involved in neuron differentiation and components of AP-1 evolve at a significantly higher rate at methylation than at the nucleotide level. Moreover, our models suggest an accelerated epigenomic evolution at binding sites of BRCA1, chromobox homolog protein 2, and factors of the polycomb repressor 2 complex in humans. For most genomic regions, the methylation-based reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is at par with sequence-based reconstruction. Most strikingly, phylogenetic reconstruction using methylation rates in enhancer regions was ineffective independently of the chosen model. We identify a set of phylogenetically uninformative CpG sites enriched in enhancers controlling immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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Kuchaříková H, Dobrovolná P, Lochmanová G, Zdráhal Z. Trimethylacetic Anhydride-Based Derivatization Facilitates Quantification of Histone Marks at the MS1 Level. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100114. [PMID: 34129942 PMCID: PMC8283018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) are epigenetic marks that strongly affect numerous processes, including cell cycling and protein interactions. They have been studied by both antibody- and MS-based methods for years, but the analyses are still challenging, mainly because of the diversity of histones and their modifications arising from high contents of reactive amine groups in their amino acid sequences. Here, we introduce use of trimethylacetic anhydride (TMA) as a new reagent for efficient histone derivatization, which is a requirement for bottom-up proteomic hPTM analysis. TMA can derivatize unmodified amine groups of lysine residues and amine groups generated at peptide N-termini by trypsin digestion. The derivatization is facilitated by microwave irradiation, which also reduces incubation times to minutes. We demonstrate that histone derivatization with TMA reliably provides high yields of fully derivatized peptides and thus is an effective alternative to conventional methods. TMA afforded more than 98% and 99% labeling efficiencies for histones H4 and H3, respectively, thereby enabling accurate quantification of peptide forms. Trimethylacetylation substantially improves chromatographic separation of peptide forms, which is essential for direct quantification based on signals extracted from MS1 data. For this purpose, software widely applied by the proteomics community can be used without additional computational development. Thorough comparison with widely applied propionylation highlights the advantages of TMA-based histone derivatization for monitoring hPTMs in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kuchaříková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Dobrovolná
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Lochmanová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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YTHDF2 mediates LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory response via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110060. [PMID: 34089814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant elevation of osteoclast differentiation and function is responsible for disrupting bone homeostasis in various inflammatory bone diseases. YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2) is a well-known m6A-binding protein that plays an essential role in regulating cell differentiation and inflammatory processes by mediating mRNA degradation. However, the regulatory role of YTHDF2 in inflammatory osteoclast differentiation remains unelucidated. Here, we detected the expression of m6A-related genes and found that YTHDF2 was upregulated in RANKL-primed osteoclast precursors stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ythdf2 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) enhanced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, which was assessed by TRAP staining assay and pit formation assay. Ythdf2 depletion upregulated osteoclast-related gene expression and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In contrast, overexpression of Ythdf2 produced the reverse effect. Furthermore, Ythdf2 knockdown enhanced the phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, ERK, P38 and JNK. NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors effectively abrogated the enhanced expression of Nfact1, c-Fos, IL-1β and TNF-α caused by Ythdf2 knockdown. Mechanistically, the mRNA stability assay revealed that Ythdf2 depletion led to stabilization of Tnfrsf11a, Traf6, Map4k4, Map2k3, Map2k4 and Nfatc1 mRNA. In summary, our findings demonstrated that YTHDF2 has a negative regulatory role in LPS-induced osteoclast differentiation and the inflammatory response via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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41
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Methylation of Estrogen Receptor 1 Gene in the Paraspinal Muscles of Girls with Idiopathic Scoliosis and Its Association with Disease Severity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060790. [PMID: 34064195 PMCID: PMC8224318 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a multifactorial disease with epigenetic modifications. Tissue dependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs) may regulate tissue-specific expression of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1). This study aimed to analyze methylation levels within T-DMR1 and T-DMR2 and its concatenation with ESR1 expression of IS patients. The study involved 87 tissue samples (deep paravertebral muscles, both on the convex and the concave side of the curve, and from back superficial muscles) from 29 girls who underwent an operation due to IS. Patient subgroups were analyzed according to Cobb angle ≤70° vs. >70°. Methylation was significantly higher in the superficial muscles than in deep paravertebral muscles in half of the T-DMR1 CpGs and all T-DMR2 CpGs. The methylation level correlated with ESR1 expression level on the concave, but not convex, side of the curvature in a majority of the T-DMR2 CpGs. The T-DMR2 methylation level in the deep paravertebral muscles on the curvature's concave side was significantly lower in patients with a Cobb angle ≤70° in four CpGs. DNA methylation of the T-DMRs is specific to muscle tissue location and may be related to ESR1 expression regulation. Additionally, the difference in T-DMR2 methylation may be associated with IS severity.
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42
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Liu L, Cui J, Zhao Y, Liu X, Chen L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Sun S, Shi B, Zou Y. KDM6A-ARHGDIB axis blocks metastasis of bladder cancer by inhibiting Rac1. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 34006303 PMCID: PMC8130406 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KDM6A, a histone demethylase, is frequently mutated in bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role and detailed molecular mechanism of KDM6A involved in bladder cancer progression remains unknown. Methods Tissue specimens were used to determine the expression levels and prognostic values of KDM6A and ARHGDIB. The MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to detect the BCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Chemotaxis of macrophages was used to evaluate the ability of KDM6A to recruit macrophages. A subcutaneous tumour model and tail vein tumour injection in nude mice were used to assess the role of KDM6A in vivo. RNA sequencing, qPCR, Western blot, ChIP and phalloidin staining assay were performed to investigate the molecular functions of KDM6A. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the effects of KDM6A and FOXA1 on the promoters of the ARHGDIB and KDM6A. Results We showed that the KDM6A inhibited the motility and invasiveness of the BCa cells. Mechanistically, KDM6A promotes the transcription of ARHGDIB by demethylating histone H3 lysine di/trimethylation (H3K27me2/3) and consequently leads to inhibition of Rac1. EZH2, which catalyses the methylation of H3K27, functions to silence ARHGDIB expression, and an EZH2 inhibitor can neutralize the metastatic effect caused by KDM6A deficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FOXA1 directly binds to the KDM6A promoter and thus transactivates KDM6A, leading to diminished metastatic potential. Conclusion Our findings establish the critical role of the FOXA1-KDM6A-ARHGDIB axis in restraining the malignancy of BCa and identify KDM6A and EZH2 as potential therapeutic targets in the management of BCa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01369-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Ghiboub M, Elfiky AMI, de Winther MPJ, Harker NR, Tough DF, de Jonge WJ. Selective Targeting of Epigenetic Readers and Histone Deacetylases in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 33922725 PMCID: PMC8145108 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) play a key role in chromatin remodeling. Based on their ability to regulate inducible gene expression in the context of inflammation and cancer, HDACs and BCPs have been the focus of drug discovery efforts, and numerous small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, dose-limiting toxicities of the first generation of inhibitors, which typically target multiple HDACs or BCPs, have limited translation to the clinic. Over the last decade, an increasing effort has been dedicated to designing class-, isoform-, or domain-specific HDAC or BCP inhibitors, as well as developing strategies for cell-specific targeted drug delivery. Selective inhibition of the epigenetic modulators is helping to elucidate the functions of individual epigenetic proteins and has the potential to yield better and safer therapeutic strategies. In accordance with this idea, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the ability of more selective HDAC/BCP inhibitors to recapitulate the beneficial effects of pan-inhibitors with less unwanted adverse events. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances with these strategies, discussing advantages and limitations of these approaches as well as some therapeutic perspectives, focusing on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (A.M.I.E.)
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - Ahmed M. I. Elfiky
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (A.M.I.E.)
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola R. Harker
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - David F. Tough
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (A.M.I.E.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Jeffet J, Margalit S, Michaeli Y, Ebenstein Y. Single-molecule optical genome mapping in nanochannels: multidisciplinarity at the nanoscale. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:51-66. [PMID: 33739394 PMCID: PMC8056043 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains multiple layers of information that extend beyond the genetic sequence. In fact, identical genetics do not necessarily yield identical phenotypes as evident for the case of two different cell types in the human body. The great variation in structure and function displayed by cells with identical genetic background is attributed to additional genomic information content. This includes large-scale genetic aberrations, as well as diverse epigenetic patterns that are crucial for regulating specific cell functions. These genetic and epigenetic patterns operate in concert in order to maintain specific cellular functions in health and disease. Single-molecule optical genome mapping is a high-throughput genome analysis method that is based on imaging long chromosomal fragments stretched in nanochannel arrays. The access to long DNA molecules coupled with fluorescent tagging of various genomic information presents a unique opportunity to study genetic and epigenetic patterns in the genome at a single-molecule level over large genomic distances. Optical mapping entwines synergistically chemical, physical, and computational advancements, to uncover invaluable biological insights, inaccessible by sequencing technologies. Here we describe the method's basic principles of operation, and review the various available mechanisms to fluorescently tag genomic information. We present some of the recent biological and clinical impact enabled by optical mapping and present recent approaches for increasing the method's resolution and accuracy. Finally, we discuss how multiple layers of genomic information may be mapped simultaneously on the same DNA molecule, thus paving the way for characterizing multiple genomic observables on individual DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jeffet
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sapir Margalit
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yael Michaeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Histone Epigenetic Signatures in Embryonic Limb Interdigital Cells Fated to Die. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040911. [PMID: 33921015 PMCID: PMC8071442 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During limb formation in vertebrates with free digits, the interdigital mesoderm is eliminated by a massive degeneration process that involves apoptosis and cell senescence. The degradation process is preceded by intense DNA damage in zones located close to methylated DNA, accompanied by the activation of the DNA repair response. In this study, we show that trimethylated histone 3 (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3) overlaps with zones positive for 5mC in the nuclei of interdigital cells. This pattern contrasts with the widespread distribution of acetylated histones (H3K9ac and H4ac) and the histone variant H3.3 throughout the nucleoplasm. Consistent with the intense labeling of acetylated histones, the histone deacetylase genes Hdac1, Hdac2, Hdac3, and Hdac8, and at a more reduced level, Hdac10, are expressed in the interdigits. Furthermore, local treatments with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, which promotes an open chromatin state, induces massive cell death and transcriptional changes reminiscent of, but preceding, the physiological process of interdigit remodeling. Together, these findings suggest that the epigenetic profile of the interdigital mesoderm contributes to the sensitivity to DNA damage that precedes apoptosis during tissue regression.
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Javed F, Shahbaz HM, Nawaz A, Olaimat AN, Stratakos AC, Wahyono A, Munir S, Mueen-Ud-Din G, Ali Z, Park J. Formation of furan in baby food products: Identification and technical challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2699-2715. [PMID: 33719191 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Furan is generally produced during thermal processing of various foods including baked, fried, and roasted food items such as cereal products, coffee, canned, and jarred prepared foods as well as in baby foods. Furan is a toxic and carcinogenic compound to humans and may be a vital hazard to infants and babies. Furan could be formed in foods through thermal degradation of carbohydrates, dissociation of amino acids, and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The detection of furan in food products is difficult due to its high volatility and low molecular weight. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) is generally used for analysis of furan in food samples. The risk assessment of furan can be characterized using margin of exposure approach (MOE). Conventional strategies including cooking in open vessels, reheating of commercially processed foods with stirring, and physical removal using vacuum treatment have remained unsuccessful for the removal of furan due to the complex production mechanisms and possible precursors of furan. The innovative food-processing technologies such as high-pressure processing (HPP), high-pressure thermal sterilization (HPTS), and Ohmic heating have been adapted for the reduction of furan levels in baby foods. But in recent years, only HPP has gained interest due to successful reduction of furan because of its nonthermal mechanism. HPP-treated baby food products are commercially available from different food companies. This review summarizes the mechanism involved in the formation of furan in foods, its toxicity, and identification in infant foods and presents a solution for limiting its formation, occurrence, and retention using novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Javed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Alexandros Ch Stratakos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Agung Wahyono
- Department of Food Engineering Technology, State Polytechnic of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Sadia Munir
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ghulam Mueen-Ud-Din
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zeshan Ali
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang G, Yuan Y, Yuan H, Wang J, Yun H, Geng Y, Zhao M, Li L, Weng Y, Liu Z, Feng J, Bu Y, Liu L, Wang B, Zhang X. Histone acetyltransferase 1 is a succinyltransferase for histones and non-histones and promotes tumorigenesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50967. [PMID: 33372411 PMCID: PMC7857430 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation (Ksucc) is an evolutionarily conserved and widespread post-translational modification. Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) is a type B histone acetyltransferase, regulating the acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins. However, the role of HAT1 in succinylation modulation remains unclear. Here, we employ a quantitative proteomics approach to study succinylation in HepG2 cancer cells and find that HAT1 modulates lysine succinylation on various proteins including histones and non-histones. HAT1 succinylates histone H3 on K122, contributing to epigenetic regulation and gene expression in cancer cells. Moreover, HAT1 catalyzes the succinylation of PGAM1 on K99, resulting in its increased enzymatic activity and the stimulation of glycolytic flux in cancer cells. Clinically, HAT1 is significantly elevated in liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Functionally, HAT1 succinyltransferase activity and the succinylation of PGAM1 by HAT1 play critical roles in promoting tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that HAT1 is a succinyltransferase for histones and non-histones in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongfeng Yuan
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiapei Wang
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Haolin Yun
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Linhan Li
- Jingjie PTM BioLab Co. Ltd.Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development AreaHangzhouChina
| | - Yejing Weng
- Jingjie PTM BioLab Co. Ltd.Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development AreaHangzhouChina
| | - Zixian Liu
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jinyan Feng
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yanan Bu
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bingnan Wang
- Jingjie PTM BioLab Co. Ltd.Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development AreaHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cancer ResearchInstitute of Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Kobayashi S, Phung HT, Tayama S, Kagawa Y, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Maruyama T, Ishii N, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 regulates differentiation of IgM-producing plasma cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:1130-1141. [PMID: 32578350 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs), which aim to protect host health, produce various subsets of immunoglobulin (Ig) in response to extracellular pathogens. Blimp-1 (encoded by Prdm1)-a protein that is highly expressed by PCs-is important for PC functions, including the generation of Igs. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a carrier protein of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and participates in multiple cellular functions. Although the functions of FABP3 in neurons and cardiac myocytes are well-noted, their roles in immune cells remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP3 is expressed in activated B cells and that FABP3 promotes PC development and IgM secretion. Moreover, we provide the first evidence that FABP3 is necessary for Blimp-1 expression, by regulating the histone modification of its promoter region. Taken together, our findings reveal that FABP3 acts as a positive regulator of B-cell activation by controlling histone acetylation of the Blimp-1 gene, thereby playing a role in host defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hai The Phung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunichi Tayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Videtic Paska A, Konjevod M, Kouter K, Svob Strac D, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N. Epigenetics of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020195. [PMID: 33573255 PMCID: PMC7911414 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no validated biomarkers which can be used to accurately diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or to distinguish it from other dementia-causing neuropathologies. Moreover, to date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In the search for new, more reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic options, epigenetic modifications have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of the article was to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of epigenetics (including mitoepigenetics) in AD, and the possibility of applying these advances for future AD therapy. Extensive research has suggested an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation (with the emphasis on microRNAs) in the course and development of AD. Recent studies also indicated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as an interesting biomarker of AD, since dysfunctions in the mitochondria and lower mtDNA copy number have been associated with AD pathophysiology. The current evidence suggests that epigenetic changes can be successfully detected, not only in the central nervous system, but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and on the periphery, contributing further to their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Alja Videtic Paska
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-514-571-207
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Guo L, Lee YT, Zhou Y, Huang Y. Targeting epigenetic regulatory machinery to overcome cancer therapy resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:487-502. [PMID: 33421619 PMCID: PMC8257754 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, represents a major hurdle to achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes during cancer treatment. In addition to acquisition of resistance-conferring genetic mutations, accumulating evidence suggests an intimate involvement of the epigenetic machinery in this process as well. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic reprogramming, such as altered expression or relocation of DNA/histone modulators accompanied with chromatin structure remodeling, can lead to transcriptional plasticity in tumor cells, thereby driving their transformation towards a persistent state. These "persisters" represent a pool of slow-growing cells that can either re-expand when treatment is discontinued or acquire permanent resistance. Targeting epigenetic reprogramming or plasticity represents a new strategy to prevent the emergence of drug-refractory populations and to enable more consistent clinical responses. With the growing numbers of drugs or drug candidates developed to target epigenetic regulators, more and more epigenetic therapies are under preclinical evaluation, early clinical trials or approved by FDA as single agent or in combination with existing antitumor drugs. In this review, we highlight latest discoveries in the mechanistic understanding of epigenetically-induced drug resistance. In parallel, we discuss the potential of combining epigenetic drugs with existing anticancer regimens as a promising strategy for overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Tsang Lee
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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