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Jin L, Yu Z, Au A, Serles P, Wang N, Lant JT, Filleter T, Yip CM. P-TDHM: Open-source portable telecentric digital holographic microscope. HARDWAREX 2024; 17:e00508. [PMID: 38327674 PMCID: PMC10847153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We present the design of a low-cost, portable telecentric digital holographic microscope (P-TDHM) that utilizes off-the-shelf components. We describe the system's hardware and software elements and evaluate its performance by imaging samples ranging from nano-printed targets to live HeLa cells, HEK293 cells, and Dolichospermum via both in-line and off-axis modes. Our results demonstrate that the system can acquire high quality quantitative phase images with nanometer axial and sub-micron lateral resolution in a small form factor, making it a promising candidate for resource-limited settings and remote locations. Our design represents a significant step forward in making telecentric digital holographic microscopy accessible and affordable to the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ziyang Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron Au
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 527 College Avenue, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Lant
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Yip
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, 200 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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2
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Observation on the Droplet Ranging from 2 to 16 μm in Cloud Droplet Size Distribution Based on Digital Holography. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cloud droplets size distribution (DSD) is one of the significant characteristics for liquid clouds. It plays an important role for the aerosol–droplet–cloud mechanism and variation in cloud microphysics. However, the minuscule sampling space is insufficient for the observation of whole DSD when using high-magnification optical systems. In this paper, we propose an observation method for cloud droplets ranging from 2 to 16 μm, by which the balance relationship between sampling space and optical magnification is realized. The method combines an in-line digital holographic interferometer (DHI) with the optical magnification of 5.89× and spatial stitching technique. The minimum size in DSD is extended to 2 μm, which improves the integrity of size distribution. Simultaneously, the stability of DSD is enhanced by increasing the tenfold sampling volume of cloud droplets. The comparative experiment between the in-line DHI and fog monitor demonstrates that the DSD obtained by this method is reliable, which can be used for the analysis of microphysical parameters. In the Beijing Aerosol and Cloud Interaction Chamber (BACIC), the observation results show that the size of cloud droplets follows the Gamma distribution, which is consistent with the theoretical DSD. The results of cloud microphysical parameters indicate that each pair of parameters has a positive correlation, and then the validity of observation method is confirmed. Additionally, the high-concentration aerosol condition significantly mitigates the effect of random turbulence and enhances the robustness of the microphysical parameter data.
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3
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Géloën A, Isaieva K, Isaiev M, Levinson O, Berger E, Lysenko V. Intracellular Detection and Localization of Nanoparticles by Refractive Index Measurement. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155001. [PMID: 34372238 PMCID: PMC8347443 DOI: 10.3390/s21155001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The measuring of nanoparticle toxicity faces an important limitation since it is based on metrics exposure, the concentration at which cells are exposed instead the true concentration inside the cells. In vitro studies of nanomaterials would benefit from the direct measuring of the true intracellular dose of nanoparticles. The objective of the present study was to state whether the intracellular detection of nanodiamonds is possible by measuring the refractive index. Based on optical diffraction tomography of treated live cells, the results show that unlabeled nanoparticles can be detected and localized inside cells. The results were confirmed by fluorescence measurements. Optical diffraction tomography paves the way to measuring the true intracellular concentrations and the localization of nanoparticles which will improve the dose-response paradigm of pharmacology and toxicology in the field of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Géloën
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne Lyon (LEM), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Claude Bernard University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Research Team “Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment” (BPOE), University of Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karyna Isaieva
- IADI, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Mykola Isaiev
- LEMTA, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Olga Levinson
- Ray Techniques LTD, P.O. Box 39162, Jerusalem 9139101, Israel;
| | - Emmanuelle Berger
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne Lyon (LEM), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Claude Bernard University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Research Team “Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment” (BPOE), University of Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Vladimir Lysenko
- Light Matter Institute, UMR-5306, Claude Bernard University of Lyon, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
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Potcoava M, Mann C, Art J, Alford S. Spatio-temporal performance in an incoherent holography lattice light-sheet microscope (IHLLS). OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23888-23901. [PMID: 34614645 PMCID: PMC8327923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose an Incoherent holography detection technique for lattice light-sheet (IHLLS) systems for 3D imaging without moving either the sample stage or the detection microscope objective, providing intrinsic instrumental simplicity and high accuracy when compared to the original LLS schemes. The approach is based on a modified dual-lens Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography technique to produce a complex hologram and to provide the focal distance needed for the hologram reconstruction. We report such an IHLLS microscope, including characterization of the sensor performance, and demonstrate a significant contrast improvement on beads and neuronal structures within a biological test sample as well as quantitative phase imaging. The IHLLS has similar or better transverse performances when compared to the LLS technique. In addition, the IHLLS allows for volume reconstruction from fewer z-galvo displacements, thus facilitating faster volume acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Potcoava
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher Mann
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Development, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
| | - Jonathan Art
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Simon Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Lai X, Xiao S, Xu C, Fan S, Wei K. Aberration-free digital holographic phase imaging using the derivative-based principal component analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200385R. [PMID: 33840164 PMCID: PMC8035573 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.4.046501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Digital holographic microscopy is widely used to get the quantitative phase information of transparent cells. AIM However, the sample phase is superimposed with aberrations. To quantify the phase information, aberrations need to be fully compensated. APPROACH We propose a technique to obtain aberration-free phase imaging, using the derivative-based principal component analysis (dPCA). RESULTS With dPCA, almost all aberrations can be extracted and compensated without requirements on background segmentation, making it efficient and convenient. CONCLUSIONS It solves the problem that the conventional principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm cannot compensate the common but intricate higher order cross-term aberrations, such as astigmatism and coma. Moreover, the dPCA strategy proposed here is not only suitable for aberration compensation but also applicable for other cases where there exist cross-terms that cannot be analyzed with the PCA algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Lai
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, School of Automation and Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chen Xu
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, School of Automation and Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, School of Automation and Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Wei
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, School of Automation and Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou, China
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Yi F, Park S, Moon I. High-throughput label-free cell detection and counting from diffraction patterns with deep fully convolutional neural networks. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200328R. [PMID: 33686845 PMCID: PMC7939515 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a promising technique for the study of semitransparent biological specimen such as red blood cells (RBCs). It is important and meaningful to detect and count biological cells at the single cell level in biomedical images for biomarker discovery and disease diagnostics. However, the biological cell analysis based on phase information of images is inefficient due to the complexity of numerical phase reconstruction algorithm applied to raw hologram images. New cell study methods based on diffraction pattern directly are desirable. AIM Deep fully convolutional networks (FCNs) were developed on raw hologram images directly for high-throughput label-free cell detection and counting to assist the biological cell analysis in the future. APPROACH The raw diffraction patterns of RBCs were recorded by use of DHM. Ground-truth mask images were labeled based on phase images reconstructed from RBC holograms using numerical reconstruction algorithm. A deep FCN, which is UNet, was trained on the diffraction pattern images to achieve the label-free cell detection and counting. RESULTS The implemented deep FCNs provide a promising way to high-throughput and label-free counting of RBCs with a counting accuracy of 99% at a throughput rate of greater than 288 cells per second and 200 μm × 200 μm field of view at the single cell level. Compared to convolutional neural networks, the FCNs can get much better results in terms of accuracy and throughput rate. CONCLUSIONS High-throughput label-free cell detection and counting were successfully achieved from diffraction patterns with deep FCNs. It is a promising approach for biological specimen analysis based on raw hologram directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliu Yi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Clinical Science, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Seonghwan Park
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Robotics Engineering, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Moon
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Robotics Engineering, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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7
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Zheng Y, Montague SJ, Lim YJ, Xu T, Xu T, Gardiner EE, Lee WM. Label-free multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay for intrathrombus formation in vitro. Biophys J 2021; 120:791-804. [PMID: 33513336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics in vitro assays recapitulate a blood vessel microenvironment using surface-immobilized agonists under biofluidic flows. However, these assays do not quantify intrathrombus mass and activities of adhesive platelets at the agonist margin and use fluorescence labeling, therefore limiting clinical translation potential. Here, we describe a label-free multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay that combines rotating optical coherent scattering microscopy and quantitative phase microscopy. The combined imaging platform enables real-time evaluation of membrane fluctuations of adhesive-only platelets and total intrathrombus mass under physiological flow rates in vitro. We call this multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay coherent optical scattering and phase interferometry (COSI). COSI records intrathrombus mass to picogram accuracy and shape changes to a platelet membrane with high spatial-temporal resolution (0.4 μm/s) under physiological and pathophysiological fluid shear stress (1800 and 7500 s-1). With COSI, we generate an axial slice of 4 μm from the coverslip surface, approximately equivalent to the thickness of a single platelet, which permits nanoscale quantification of membrane fluctuation (activity) of adhesive platelets during initial adhesion, spreading, and recruitment into a developing thrombus (mass). Under fluid shear, pretreatment with a broad range metalloproteinase inhibitor (250 μM GM6001) blocked shedding of platelet adhesion receptors that shown elevated adhesive platelet activity at average of 42.1 μm/s and minimal change in intrathrombus mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zheng
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Samantha J Montague
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Yean J Lim
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research; ACRF Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy
| | - Tao Xu
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Tienan Xu
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research; ACRF Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy; The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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8
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Yoshizawa T, Nozawa RS, Jia TZ, Saio T, Mori E. Biological phase separation: cell biology meets biophysics. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:519-539. [PMID: 32189162 PMCID: PMC7242575 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in development of biophysical analytic approaches has recently crossed paths with macromolecule condensates in cells. These cell condensates, typically termed liquid-like droplets, are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). More and more cell biologists now recognize that many of the membrane-less organelles observed in cells are formed by LLPS caused by interactions between proteins and nucleic acids. However, the detailed biophysical processes within the cell that lead to these assemblies remain largely unexplored. In this review, we evaluate recent discoveries related to biological phase separation including stress granule formation, chromatin regulation, and processes in the origin and evolution of life. We also discuss the potential issues and technical advancements required to properly study biological phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryu-Suke Nozawa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tony Z Jia
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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9
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Gurram HPR, Panta P, Pandiyan VP, Ghori I, John R. Digital holographic microscopy for quantitative and label-free oral cytology evaluation. OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 59:1. [DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.59.2.024105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanu Phani Ram Gurram
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
| | - Prashanth Panta
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
| | | | - Inayathullah Ghori
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
| | - Renu John
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
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10
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Kim MK. Wide area quantitative phase microscopy by spatial phase scanning digital holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:784-786. [PMID: 32004311 DOI: 10.1364/ol.385322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new technique of digital holographic microscopy is introduced for large area quantitative phase microscopy, dubbed spatial phase scanning digital holography, where the object specimen in an interferometer is scanned across the tilted reference phase field, while acquiring camera frames at regular intervals. Both the large area scan and phase shift acquisition are achieved in one sweep, using a simple optomechanical system. The technique can be useful in diverse applications such as fast scans of blood smear, cell and tissue cultures, and microelectronic surface profiles.
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11
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Chidambaram SB, Rathipriya AG, Bolla SR, Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM, Guillemin GJ, Chandra R, Sakharkar MK. Dendritic spines: Revisiting the physiological role. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:161-193. [PMID: 30654089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that dendritic spines are complex structures consisting of a dense network of cytoskeletal, transmembrane and scaffolding molecules, and numerous surface receptors. Molecular signaling pathways, mainly Rho and Ras family small GTPases pathways that converge on actin cytoskeleton, regulate the spine morphology and dynamics bi-directionally during synaptic activity. During synaptic plasticity the number and shapes of dendritic spines undergo radical reorganizations. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induction promote spine head enlargement and the formation and stabilization of new spines. Long-term depression (LTD) results in their shrinkage and retraction. Reports indicate increased spine density in the pyramidal neurons of autism and Fragile X syndrome patients and reduced density in the temporal gyrus loci of schizophrenic patients. Post-mortem reports of Alzheimer's brains showed reduced spine number in the hippocampus and cortex. This review highlights the spine morphogenesis process, the activity-dependent structural plasticity and mechanisms by which synaptic activity sculpts the dendritic spines, the structural and functional changes in spines during learning and memory using LTP and LTD processes. It also discusses on spine status in neurodegenerative diseases and the impact of nootropics and neuroprotective agents on the functional restoration of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Damam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Arehally Marappa Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deb Bailey MND Research Laboratory, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Ambedkar Centre for BioMedical Research, Delhi University, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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12
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Flewellen JL, Zaid IM, Berry RM. A multi-mode digital holographic microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:023705. [PMID: 30831696 DOI: 10.1063/1.5066556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a transmission-mode digital holographic microscope that can switch easily between three different imaging modes: inline, dark field off-axis, and bright field off-axis. Our instrument can be used: to track through time in three dimensions microscopic dielectric objects, such as motile micro-organisms; localize brightly scattering nanoparticles, which cannot be seen under conventional bright field illumination; and recover topographic information and measure the refractive index and dry mass of samples via quantitative phase recovery. Holograms are captured on a digital camera capable of high-speed video recording of up to 2000 frames per second. The inline mode of operation can be easily configurable to a large range of magnifications. We demonstrate the efficacy of the inline mode in tracking motile bacteria in three dimensions in a 160 μm × 160 μm × 100 μm volume at 45× magnification. Through the use of a novel physical mask in a conjugate Fourier plane in the imaging path, we use our microscope for high magnification, dark field off-axis holography, demonstrated by localizing 100 nm gold nanoparticles at 225× magnification up to at least 16 μm from the imaging plane. Finally, the bright field off-axis mode facilitates quantitative phase microscopy, which we employ to measure the refractive index of a standard resolution test target and to measure the dry mass of human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Flewellen
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irwin M Zaid
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Berry
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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13
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Zhang X, Sun J, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Chen Q, Zuo C. Multi-step phase aberration compensation method based on optimal principal component analysis and subsampling for digital holographic microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:389-397. [PMID: 30645316 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a well-known powerful technique allowing measurement of the spatial distributions of both the amplitude and phase produced by a transparent sample. Nevertheless, in order to improve the transverse resolution of the DHM system, a microscope objective has to be introduced in the object beam path, which inevitably leads to phase aberration in the object wavefront. In recent decades, a multitude of techniques have been proposed to compensate for this phase aberration, and the principal component analysis (PCA) technique has proven to be one of the most promising approaches due to its high compensation accuracy, low computational complexity, and simplicity to implement. However, when it comes to high-order phase aberration, which is common for a mal-aligned DHM system, the PCA technique usually performs poorly since it is unable to fit the cross-terms of the standard Zernike polynomials. To address this problem, here we propose a multi-step phase-aberration-compensation method based on optimal PCA and sub-sampling where PCA is first applied to remove the non-cross-aberration terms, followed by sub-sampled fitting for the remaining cross-aberration correction. The key advantage of our approach is that it can handle both the conventional objective phase curvature and high-order aberrations such as astigmatism and anamorphism with very little computational overhead. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, and the compensation results are consistent with those obtained from the double-exposure method.
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14
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Huang C, Gu Y, Chen J, Bahrani AA, Abu Jawdeh EG, Bada HS, Saatman K, Yu G, Chen L. A Wearable Fiberless Optical Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2019; 25:1-9. [PMID: 31666792 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2018.2869613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and longitudinal monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in animal models provides information for studying the mechanisms and interventions of various cerebral diseases. Since anesthesia may affect brain hemodynamics, researchers have been seeking wearable devices for use in conscious animals. We present a wearable diffuse speckle contrast flowmeter (DSCF) probe for monitoring CBF variations in mice. The DSCF probe consists of a small low-power near-infrared laser diode as a point source and an ultra-small low-power CMOS camera as a 2D detector array, which can be affixed on a mouse head. The movement of red blood cells in brain cortex (i.e., CBF) produces spatial fluctuations of laser speckles, which are captured by the camera. The DSCF system was calibrated using tissue phantoms and validated in a human forearm and mouse brains for continuous monitoring of blood flow increases and decreases against the established technologies. Significant correlations were observed among these measurements (R2 ≥ 0.80, p < 10-5). This small fiberless probe has the potential to be worn by a freely moving conscious mouse. Moreover, the flexible source-detector configuration allows for varied probing depths up to ~8 mm, which is sufficient for transcranially detecting CBF in the cortices of rodents and newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Yutong Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089 USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Ahmed A Bahrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Elie G Abu Jawdeh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Henrietta S Bada
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Kathryn Saatman
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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15
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Lai X, Xiao S, Ge Y, Wei K, Wu K. Digital holographic phase imaging with aberrations totally compensated. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:283-292. [PMID: 30775100 PMCID: PMC6363187 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Digital holography is a well-accepted method for phase imaging. However, the phase of the object is always embedded in aberrations. Here, we present a digital holographic phase imaging with the aberrations fully compensated, including the high order aberrations. Instead of using pre-defined aberration models or 2D fitting, we used the simpler and more flexible 1D fitting. Although it is 1D fitting, data across the whole plane could be used. Theoretically, all types of aberrations can be compensated with this method. Experimental results show that the aberrations have been fully compensated and the pure object phase can be obtained for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Lai
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yakun Ge
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kaihua Wei
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kaihua Wu
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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16
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Chen S, Li C, Ma C, Poon TC, Zhu Y. Phase sensitivity of off-axis digital holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4993-4996. [PMID: 30320802 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In off-axis digital holography, the Fourier transform-based algorithm is commonly used for signal processing. Here, we derive the theoretical phase sensitivity of this algorithm, which can be calculated from a single 2D hologram. This algorithm sensitivity represents the best achievable sensitivity of a system using this algorithm. Our derivation treats the signal in its most general form, considering non-uniform illumination and the effect of sideband filtering. As a result, phase sensitivity varies spatially, determined by local signal-to-noise ratio. Sensitivity expressions for both shot noise and uniform noise models are given. These results are validated with simulations and experiments. Significantly, this theoretical sensitivity can serve as a baseline metric for assessing performance of a phase-imaging system, such as experimental sensitivity and hardware stability, which are critical for high-sensitivity quantitative phase imaging. In addition, the results are equally applicable to other interferometric techniques with similar interferogram patterns and signal processing algorithms.
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18
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Lévesque SA, Mugnes JM, Bélanger E, Marquet P. Sample and substrate preparation for exploring living neurons in culture with quantitative-phase imaging. Methods 2018; 136:90-107. [PMID: 29438830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative-phase imaging (QPI) has recently emerged as a powerful new quantitative microscopy technique suitable for the noninvasive exploration of the structure and dynamics of transparent specimens, including living cells in culture. Indeed, the quantitative-phase signal (QPS), induced by transparent living cells, can be detected with a nanometric axial sensitivity, and contains a wealth of information about both cell morphology and content. However, QPS is also sensitive to various sources of experimental noise. In this chapter, we emphasize how to properly and specifically measure the cell-mediated QPS in a wet-lab environment, when measuring with a digital holographic microscope (DHM). First, we present the substrate-requisite characteristics for properly achieving such cell-mediated QPS measurements at single-cell level. Then, we describe how quantitative-phase digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM) can be used to numerically process holograms and subsequently reshape wavefronts in association with post-processing algorithms, thereby allowing for highly stable QPS obtainable over extended periods of time. Such stable QPS is a prerequisite for exploring the dynamics of specific cellular processes. We also describe experimental procedures that make it possible to extract important biophysical cellular parameters from QPS including absolute cell volume, transmembrane water permeability, and the movements of water in and out of the cell. To illustrate how QP-DHM can reveal the dynamics of specific cellular processes, we show how the monitoring of transmembrane water movements can be used to resolve the neuronal network dynamics at single-cell level. This is possible because QPS can measure the activity of electroneutral cotransports, including NKCC1 and KCC2, during a neuronal firing mediated by glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Finally, we added a supplemental section, with more technical details, for readers who are interested in troubleshooting live-cell QP-DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien A Lévesque
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Mugnes
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Erik Bélanger
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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19
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Calin VL, Mihailescu M, Scarlat EI, Baluta AV, Calin D, Kovacs E, Savopol T, Moisescu MG. Evaluation of the metastatic potential of malignant cells by image processing of digital holographic microscopy data. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1527-1538. [PMID: 28979841 PMCID: PMC5623698 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell refractive index has been proposed as a putative cancer biomarker of great potential, being correlated with cell content and morphology, cell division rate and membrane permeability. We used digital holographic microscopy to compare the refractive index and dry mass density of two B16 murine melanoma sublines of different metastatic potential. Using statistical methods, the distribution of phase shifts within the reconstructed quantitative phase images was analyzed by the method of bimodality coefficients. The observed correlation of refractive index, dry mass density and bimodality profile with the metastatic potential of the cells was validated by real time impedance-based assay and clonogenic tests. We suggest that the refractive index and bimodality analysis of quantitative phase image histograms could be developed as optical biomarkers useful in label-free detection and quantitative evaluation of cell metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta L. Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Eugen I. Scarlat
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Alexandra V. Baluta
- Applied Electronics and Informatics Engineering DepartmentFaculty of ElectronicsTelecommunications and Information TechnologyPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Daniel Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Eugenia Kovacs
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Tudor Savopol
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
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20
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Kang S, Badea A, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, Rogers JA, Nuzzo RG. Quantitative Reflection Imaging for the Morphology and Dynamics of Live Aplysia californica Pedal Ganglion Neurons Cultured on Nanostructured Plasmonic Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8640-8650. [PMID: 28235182 PMCID: PMC5585034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a reflection imaging system that consists of a plasmonic crystal, a common laboratory microscope, and band-pass filters for use in the quantitative imaging and in situ monitoring of live cells and their substrate interactions. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) provides a highly sensitive method to monitor changes in physicochemical properties occurring at metal-dielectric interfaces. Polyelectrolyte thin films deposited using the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method provide a reference system for calibrating the reflection contrast changes that occur when the polyelectrolyte film thickness changes and provide insight into the optical responses that originate from the multiple plasmonic features supported by this imaging system. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of the optical responses measured experimentally from the polyelectrolyte reference system are used to provide a calibration of the optical system for subsequent use in quantitative studies investigating live cell dynamics in cultures supported on a plasmonic crystal substrate. Live Aplysia californica pedal ganglion neurons cultured in artificial seawater were used as a model system through which to explore the utility of this plasmonic imaging technique. Here, the morphology of cellular peripheral structures ≲80 nm in thickness were quantitatively analyzed, and the dynamics of their trypsin-induced surface detachment were visualized. These results illustrate the capacities of this system for use in investigations of the dynamics of ultrathin cellular structures within complex bioanalytical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Adina Badea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Ralph G. Nuzzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
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21
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Abstract
Volume is an essential characteristic of a cell, and this review describes the main methods of its measurement that have been used in the past several decades. The discussed methods include various implementations of light scattering, estimates based on one or two cell dimensions, surface scanning, fluorescence confocal and transmission slice-by-slice imaging, intracellular volume markers, displacement of extracellular solution, quantitative phase imaging, radioactive methods, and some others. Suitability of these methods to some typical samples and applications is discussed. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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22
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Brand AS. Phase Uncertainty in Digital Holographic Microscopy Measurements in the Presence of Solution Flow Conditions. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 122:1-41. [PMID: 34877088 PMCID: PMC7339615 DOI: 10.6028/jres.122.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a surface topography measurement technique with reported sub-nanometer vertical resolution. Although it has been made commercially available recently, few studies have evaluated the uncertainty or noise in the phase measurement by the DHM. As current research is using the DHM to monitor surface topography changes of dissolving materials under flowing water conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of water and flow rate on the uncertainty in the measurement. Uncertainty in this study was concerned with the temporal standard deviation per pixel of the reconstructed phase. Considering the effects of solution flow rate, magnification, objective lens type (air or immersion), and experimental configuration, measurements under static conditions in air and in water with an immersion lens yielded the smallest amount of uncertainty (mean of ≤ 0.5 nm up to 40× magnification). Increasing the water flow rate resulted in an increase in mean uncertainty to ≤ 0.6 nm up to 40× with an immersion lens. Observations of a sample through a glass window at 20× magnification in flowing water also yielded increasing uncertainty, with mean values of ≤ 0.5 nm, ≤ 0.8 nm, and ≤ 1.1 nm for flow rates of 0 mL min-1, 15 mL min-1, and 33 mL min-1. Different hologram acquisition rates (12.5 s-1 and 25 s-1) did not significantly impact the uncertainty in the phase. Collecting holograms in single-wavelength versus dual-wavelength modes did impact the uncertainty, with the mean uncertainty at 10× magnification for the same wavelength being ≤ 0.5 nm from the single-wavelength mode compared to ≤ 1.5 nm from the dual-wavelength mode. When the quantified uncertainty was applied to simulated dissolution data, lower limits of measured dissolution rates were found below which the measured data may not be distinguishable from the uncertainty in the measurement. The limiting surface-normal dissolution velocity is -10-11.7 m s-1 for experiments with an immersion lens in flowing water conditions and -10-11.7 m s-1, -10-11.4 m s-1, and -10-11.0 m s-1 for static (0 mL min-1), slow (≤ 15 mL min-1), and fast (≤ 109 mL min-1) flowing water conditions in experiments with a glass window, respectively. The data presented by this study will allow for better experimental design and methodology for future dissolution or precipitation studies using DHM and will provide confidence in the data produced in postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Brand
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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23
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Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Wanitchakool P, Sirianant L, Krautwald S, Linkermann A, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Ca 2+ signals, cell membrane disintegration, and activation of TMEM16F during necroptosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:173-181. [PMID: 27535660 PMCID: PMC11107605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activated receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) are essential components of the necroptotic pathway. Phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL) is thought to induce membrane leakage, leading to cell swelling and disintegration of the cell membrane. However, the molecular identity of the necroptotic membrane pore remains unclear, and the role of pMLKL for membrane permeabilization is currently disputed. We observed earlier that the phospholipid scramblase and ion channel TMEM16F/anoctamin 6 cause large membrane currents, cell swelling, and cell death when activated by a strong increase in intracellular Ca2+. We, therefore, asked whether TMEM16F is also central to necroptotic cell death and other cellular events during necroptosis. Necroptosis was induced by TNFα, smac mimetic, and Z-VAD (TSZ) in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and the four additional cell lines HT29, 16HBE, H441, and L929. Time-dependent changes in intracellular Ca2+, cell morphology, and membrane currents were recorded. TSZ induced a small and only transient oscillatory rise in intracellular Ca2+, which was paralleled by the activation of outwardly rectifying Cl- currents, which were typical for TMEM16F/ANO6. Ca2+ oscillations were due to Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, and were independent of extracellular Ca2+. The initial TSZ-induced cell swelling was followed by cell shrinkage. Using typical channel blockers and siRNA-knockdown, the Cl- currents were shown to be due to the activation of ANO6. However, the knockdown of ANO6 or inhibitors of ANO6 did not inhibit necroptotic cell death. The present data demonstrate the activation of ANO6 during necroptosis, which, however, is not essential for cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Podchanart Wanitchakool
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lalida Sirianant
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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24
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Zhang Y, Sriraman SK, Kenny HA, Luther E, Torchilin V, Lengyel E. Reversal of Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer by Co-Delivery of a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor and Paclitaxel in a Liposomal Platform. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2282-2293. [PMID: 27466355 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ABC transporter involved in the cellular exclusion of chemotherapeutic drugs, is a major factor in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. However, in clinical trials, co-administration of P-gp inhibitors and anticancer drugs has not resulted in the efficient reversal of drug resistance. To improve administration, we encapsulated the third-generation P-gp inhibitor tariquidar (XR-9576, XR), alone or in combination with paclitaxel (PCT) in liposomes (LP). After optimization, the liposomes demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties and the ability to reverse chemoresistance in experiments using chemosensitive/chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell line pairs. Analyzing publicly available datasets, we found that overexpression of P-gp in ovarian cancer is associated with a shorter progression-free and overall survival. In vitro, LP(XR) significantly increased the cellular retention of rhodamine 123, a P-gp substrate. LP(XR,PCT) synergistically inhibited cell viability, blocked proliferation, and caused G2-M arrest in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR and HeyA8-MDR cell lines overexpressing P-gp. Holographic imaging cytometry revealed that LP(XR,PCT) treatment of SKOV3-TR cells induced almost complete mitotic arrest, whereas laser scanning cytometry showed that the treatment induced apoptosis. In proof-of-concept preclinical studies, LP(XR,PCT), when compared with LP(PCT), significantly reduced tumor weight (43.2% vs. 16.9%, P = 0.0007) and number of metastases (44.4% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.012) in mice bearing orthotopic HeyA8-MDR ovarian tumors. In the xenografts, LP(XR,PCT) efficiently induced apoptosis and impaired proliferation. Our findings suggest that co-delivery of a P-gp inhibitor and paclitaxel using a liposomal platform can sensitize paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. LP(XR,PCT) should be considered for clinical testing in patients with P-gp-overexpressing tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2282-93. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shravan Kumar Sriraman
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ed Luther
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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25
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Jourdain P, Allaman I, Rothenfusser K, Fiumelli H, Marquet P, Magistretti PJ. L-Lactate protects neurons against excitotoxicity: implication of an ATP-mediated signaling cascade. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21250. [PMID: 26893204 PMCID: PMC4759786 DOI: 10.1038/srep21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging experimental data indicate a neuroprotective action of L-Lactate. Using Digital Holographic Microscopy, we observe that transient application of glutamate (100 μM; 2 min) elicits a NMDA-dependent death in 65% of mouse cortical neurons in culture. In the presence of L-Lactate (or Pyruvate), the percentage of neuronal death decreases to 32%. UK5099, a blocker of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier, fully prevents L-Lactate-mediated neuroprotection. In addition, L-Lactate-induced neuroprotection is not only inhibited by probenicid and carbenoxolone, two blockers of ATP channel pannexins, but also abolished by apyrase, an enzyme degrading ATP, suggesting that ATP produced by the Lactate/Pyruvate pathway is released to act on purinergic receptors in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Finally, pharmacological approaches support the involvement of the P2Y receptors associated to the PI3-kinase pathway, leading to activation of KATP channels. This set of results indicates that L-Lactate acts as a signalling molecule for neuroprotection against excitotoxicity through coordinated cellular pathways involving ATP production, release and activation of a P2Y/KATP cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jourdain
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, CHUV, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Allaman
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Rothenfusser
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, CHUV, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Fiumelli
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P Marquet
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, CHUV, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P J Magistretti
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, CHUV, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Maiti P, Manna J, McDonald MP. Merging advanced technologies with classical methods to uncover dendritic spine dynamics: A hot spot of synaptic plasticity. Neurosci Res 2015; 96:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Rooney WD, Li X, Sammi MK, Bourdette DN, Neuwelt EA, Springer CS. Mapping human brain capillary water lifetime: high-resolution metabolic neuroimaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:607-23. [PMID: 25914365 PMCID: PMC4920360 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Shutter-speed analysis of dynamic-contrast-agent (CA)-enhanced normal, multiple sclerosis (MS), and glioblastoma (GBM) human brain data gives the mean capillary water molecule lifetime (τ(b)) and blood volume fraction (v(b); capillary density-volume product (ρ(†)V)) in a high-resolution (1)H2O MRI voxel (40 μL) or ROI. The equilibrium water extravasation rate constant, k(po) (τ(b)(-1)), averages 3.2 and 2.9 s(-1) in resting-state normal white matter (NWM) and gray matter (NGM), respectively (n = 6). The results (italicized) lead to three major conclusions. (A) k(po) differences are dominated by capillary water permeability (P(W)(†)), not size, differences. NWM and NGM voxel k(po) and v(b) values are independent. Quantitative analyses of concomitant population-averaged k(po), v(b) variations in normal and normal-appearing MS brain ROIs confirm P(W)(†) dominance. (B) P(W)(†) is dominated (>95%) by a trans(endothelial)cellular pathway, not the P(CA)(†) paracellular route. In MS lesions and GBM tumors, P(CA)(†) increases but P(W)(†) decreases. (C) k(po) tracks steady-state ATP production/consumption flux per capillary. In normal, MS, and GBM brain, regional k(po) correlates with literature MRSI ATP (positively) and Na(+) (negatively) tissue concentrations. This suggests that the P(W)(†) pathway is metabolically active. Excellent agreement of the relative NGM/NWM k(po)v(b) product ratio with the literature (31)PMRSI-MT CMR(oxphos) ratio confirms the flux property. We have previously shown that the cellular water molecule efflux rate constant (k(io)) is proportional to plasma membrane P-type ATPase turnover, likely due to active trans-membrane water cycling. With synaptic proximities and synergistic metabolic cooperativities, polar brain endothelial, neuroglial, and neuronal cells form "gliovascular units." We hypothesize that a chain of water cycling processes transmits brain metabolic activity to k(po), letting it report neurogliovascular unit Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Cerebral k(po) maps represent metabolic (functional) neuroimages. The NGM 2.9 s(-1) k(po) means an equilibrium unidirectional water efflux of ~10(15) H2O molecules s(-1) per capillary (in 1 μL tissue): consistent with the known ATP consumption rate and water co-transporting membrane symporter stoichiometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Manoj K. Sammi
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Edward A. Neuwelt
- Blood‐Brain Barrier ProgramOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Charles S. Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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28
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Pavillon N, Marquet P. Cell volume regulation monitored with combined epifluorescence and digital holographic microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1254:21-32. [PMID: 25431054 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2152-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging emerged recently as a valuable tool for cell observation, by enabling label-free imaging through the intrinsic phase-contrast provided by transparent living cells, thus greatly simplifying observation protocols. The quantitative phase signal, unlike the one provided by the widely used phase-contrast microscope, can be related to relevant biological indicators including dry mass, cell volume regulation or transmembrane water movements. Here, we present quantitative phase imaging coupled with live fluorescence, making it possible to follow the phase signal in time to monitor the cell volume regulation, an early indicator of cell viability, along with specific information such as intracellular Ca2+ imaging with Fura-2 ratiometric fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pavillon
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan,
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29
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Park H, Ahn T, Kim K, Lee S, Kook SY, Lee D, Suh IB, Na S, Park Y. Three-dimensional refractive index tomograms and deformability of individual human red blood cells from cord blood of newborn infants and maternal blood. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:111208. [PMID: 26259511 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) from the cord blood of newborn infants have distinctive functions in fetal and infant development. To systematically investigate the biophysical characteristics of individual cord RBCs in newborn infants, a comparative study was performed on RBCs from the cord blood of newborn infants and from adult mothers or nonpregnant women using optical holographic microtomography. Optical measurements of the distributions of the three-dimensional refractive indices and the dynamic membrane fluctuations of individual RBCs were used to investigate the morphological, biochemical, and mechanical properties of cord, maternal, and adult RBCs at the individual cell level. The volume and surface area of the cord RBCs were significantly larger than those of the RBCs from nonpregnant women, and the cord RBCs had more flattened shapes than that of the RBCs in adults. In addition, the hemoglobin (Hb) content in the cord RBCs from newborns was significantly higher. The Hb concentration in the cord RBCs was higher than that in the nonpregnant women or maternal RBCs, but they were within the physiological range of adults. Interestingly, the amplitudes of the dynamic membrane fluctuations in cord RBCs were comparable to those in nonpregnant women and maternal RBCs, suggesting that the deformability of cord RBCs is similar to that of healthy RBCs in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJoo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Ahn
- Kangwon National University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Kook
- Kangwon National University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheon Lee
- Kangwon National University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Bum Suh
- Kangwon National University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Na
- Kangwon National University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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30
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Schubert R, Vollmer A, Ketelhut S, Kemper B. Enhanced quantitative phase imaging in self-interference digital holographic microscopy using an electrically focus tunable lens. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4213-22. [PMID: 25574433 PMCID: PMC4285600 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-interference digital holographic microscopy (DHM) has been found particular suitable for simplified quantitative phase imaging of living cells. However, a main drawback of the self-interference DHM principle are scattering patterns that are induced by the coherent nature of the laser light which affect the resolution for detection of optical path length changes. We present a simple and efficient technique for the reduction of coherent disturbances in quantitative phase images. Therefore, amplitude and phase of the sample illumination are modulated by an electrically focus tunable lens. The proposed method is in particular convenient with the self-interference DHM concept. Results from the characterization of the method show that a reduction of coherence induced disturbances up to 70 percent can be achieved. Finally, the performance for enhanced quantitative imaging of living cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schubert
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
- George Huntington Institute, Johann-Krane-Weg 27, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmer
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
| | - Steffi Ketelhut
- Biomedical Technology Center, University of Muenster, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center, University of Muenster, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
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31
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Marquet P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ. Review of quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy: promising novel imaging technique to resolve neuronal network activity and identify cellular biomarkers of psychiatric disorders. NEUROPHOTONICS 2014; 1:020901. [PMID: 26157976 PMCID: PMC4478935 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.1.2.020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has recently emerged as a new powerful quantitative imaging technique well suited to noninvasively explore a transparent specimen with a nanometric axial sensitivity. In this review, we expose the recent developments of quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM). Quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM) represents an important and efficient quantitative phase method to explore cell structure and dynamics. In a second part, the most relevant QPM applications in the field of cell biology are summarized. A particular emphasis is placed on the original biological information, which can be derived from the quantitative phase signal. In a third part, recent applications obtained, with QP-DHM in the field of cellular neuroscience, namely the possibility to optically resolve neuronal network activity and spine dynamics, are presented. Furthermore, potential applications of QPM related to psychiatry through the identification of new and original cell biomarkers that, when combined with a range of other biomarkers, could significantly contribute to the determination of high risk developmental trajectories for psychiatric disorders, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, Prilly/Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Christian Depeursinge
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, Prilly/Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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32
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Sala C, Segal M. Dendritic spines: the locus of structural and functional plasticity. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:141-88. [PMID: 24382885 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex structure-function relations in synapses of central spiny neurons. Standing issues, including the sequence of molecular and structural processes leading to formation, morphological change, and longevity of dendritic spines, as well as the functions of dendritic spines in neurological/psychiatric diseases are being addressed in a growing number of recent studies. There are still unsettled issues with respect to spine formation and plasticity: Are spines formed first, followed by synapse formation, or are synapses formed first, followed by emergence of a spine? What are the immediate and long-lasting changes in spine properties following exposure to plasticity-producing stimulation? Is spine volume/shape indicative of its function? These and other issues are addressed in this review, which highlights the complexity of molecular pathways involved in regulation of spine structure and function, and which contributes to the understanding of central synaptic interactions in health and disease.
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Jourdain P, Becq F, Lengacher S, Boinot C, Magistretti PJ, Marquet P. The human CFTR protein expressed in CHO cells activates aquaporin-3 in a cAMP-dependent pathway: study by digital holographic microscopy. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:546-56. [PMID: 24338365 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane water movements during cellular processes and their relationship to ionic channel activity remain largely unknown. As an example, in epithelial cells it was proposed that the movement of water could be directly linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein activity through a cAMP-stimulated aqueous pore, or be dependent on aquaporin. Here, we used digital holographic microscopy (DHM) an interferometric technique to quantify in situ the transmembrane water fluxes during the activity of the epithelial chloride channel, CFTR, measured by patch-clamp and iodide efflux techniques. We showed that the water transport measured by DHM is fully inhibited by the selective CFTR blocker CFTRinh172 and is absent in cells lacking CFTR. Of note, in cells expressing the mutated version of CFTR (F508del-CFTR), which mimics the most common genetic alteration encountered in cystic fibrosis, we also show that the water movement is profoundly altered but restored by pharmacological manipulation of F508del-CFTR-defective trafficking. Importantly, whereas activation of this endogenous water channel required a cAMP-dependent stimulation of CFTR, activation of CFTR or F508del-CFTR by two cAMP-independent CFTR activators, genistein and MPB91, failed to trigger water movements. Finally, using a specific small-interfering RNA against the endogenous aquaporin AQP3, the water transport accompanying CFTR activity decreased. We conclude that water fluxes accompanying CFTR activity are linked to AQP3 but not to a cAMP-stimulated aqueous pore in the CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jourdain
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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