1
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González-Ramírez EJ, García-Arribas AB, Artetxe I, Shaw WA, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Jiménez-Rojo N. (1-Deoxy)ceramides in bilayers containing sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 243:114155. [PMID: 39137529 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel sphingolipid subclass, the (1-deoxy)sphingolipids, which lack the 1-hydroxy group, attracted considerable attention in the last decade, mainly due to their involvement in disease. They differed in their physico-chemical properties from the canonical (or 1-hydroxy) sphingolipids and they were more toxic when accumulated in cells, inducing neurodegeneration and other dysfunctions. (1-Deoxy)ceramides, (1-deoxy)dihydroceramides, and (1- deoxymethyl)dihydroceramides, the latter two containing a saturated sphingoid chain, have been studied in this work using differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, to evaluate their behavior in bilayers composed of mixtures of three or four lipids. When compared to canonical ceramides (Cer), a C16:0 (1-deoxy)Cer shows a lower miscibility in mixtures of the kind C16:0 sphingomyelin/cholesterol/XCer, where XCer is any (1-deoxy)ceramide, giving rise to the coexistence of a liquid-ordered phase and a gel phase. The latter resembles, in terms of thermotropic behavior and nanomechanical resistance, the gel phase of the C16:0 sphingomyelin/cholesterol/C16:0 Cer mixture [Busto et al., Biophys. J. 2014, 106, 621-630]. Differences are seen between the various C16:0 XCer under study in terms of nanomechanical resistance, bilayer thickness and bilayer topography. When examined in a more fluid environment (bilayers based on C24:1 SM), segregated gel phases are still present. Probably related to such lateral separation, XCer preserve the capacity for membrane permeation, but their effects are significantly lower than those of canonical ceramides. Moreover, C24:1 XCer show significantly lower membrane permeation capacity than their C16:0 counterparts. The above data may be relevant in the pathogenesis of certain sphingolipid-related diseases, including certain neuropathies, diabetes, and glycogen storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - A B García-Arribas
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - I Artetxe
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - W A Shaw
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA
| | - F M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - A Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
| | - N Jiménez-Rojo
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
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2
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Mohamud Yusuf A, Zhang X, Gulbins E, Peng Y, Hagemann N, Hermann DM. Signaling roles of sphingolipids in the ischemic brain and their potential utility as therapeutic targets. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 201:106682. [PMID: 39332507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a class of lipids, which are composed of a sphingoid base backbone and are essential structural components of cell membranes. Beyond their role in maintaining cellular integrity, several sphingolipids are pivotally involved in signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. The brain exhibits a particularly high concentration of sphingolipids and dysregulation of the sphingolipid metabolism due to ischemic injury is implicated in consecutive pathological events. Experimental stroke studies revealed that the stress sphingolipid ceramide accumulates in the ischemic brain post-stroke. Specifically, counteracting ceramide accumulation protects against ischemic damage and promotes brain remodeling, which translates into improved behavioral outcome. Sphingomyelin substantially influences cell membrane fluidity and thereby controls the release of extracellular vesicles, which are important vehicles in cellular communication. By modulating sphingomyelin content, these vesicles were shown to contribute to behavioral recovery in experimental stroke studies. Another important sphingolipid that influences stroke pathology is sphingosine-1-phosphate, which has been attributed a pro-angiogenic function, that is presumably mediated by its effect on endothelial function and/or immune cell trafficking. In experimental and clinical studies, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators allowed to modify clinically significant stroke recovery. Due to their pivotal roles in cell signaling, pharmacological compounds modulating sphingolipids, their enzymes or receptors hold promise as therapeutics in human stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nina Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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3
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Sazzad MAA, Lönnfors M, Yang B. Effect of phosphatidylcholine regioisomerism on lateral segregation of milk sphingomyelin in bilayer membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 265:105445. [PMID: 39326817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) promotes the lateral phase separation of milk lipids and stabilizes the fat globules in milk. The composition and structures of lipids have a significant impact on physicochemical properties of MFGM, which in turn influences the digestion and absorption of milk lipids. Phospholipids (PL), sphingolipids, and cholesterol are the major lipid constituents of MFGM. While the effects of the head-group and structure of the fatty acids (FAs) on membrane properties are commonly studied, little is known on the impact of PL regioisomerism. The present study investigated the impact of phosphatidylcholine (PC) regioisomerism on lateral segregation of milk-sphingomyelin (milk-SM) as well as the influence on the interaction of milk-SM with ceramide and cholesterol in simulated membrane systems. The regioisomer pairs of four molecular species PC 16:0/18:1n-9, PC 16:0/18:2n-6, PC 16:0/18:3n-3, and PC 16:0/20:4n-6 were included in this study. The lateral segregation was determined using lifetime analysis of trans-parinaric acid (tPA) fluorescence. Thermostability of the domains was detected using steady-state anisotropy of tPA. Our results demonstrated a clear impact of PC regioisomerism on membrane properties. PC regioisomers having the unsaturated FAs at the sn-2 position enhanced the lateral segregation of milk-SM with and without the presence of ceramide and cholesterol compared to the regioiosmers having 16:0 at the sn-2 position. Furthermore, the characteristics i. e. the acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation of sn-2 FA of the PCs had a major impact on the milk-SM gel phase and the intermolecular forces between milk-SM and ceramide/cholesterol. This work is the first investigation showing the effect of PL regioisomerism on milk-SM domains, which might have significant influence on functional properties of MFGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Lönnfors
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
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Robinson BP, Bass NR, Bhakt P, Spiliotis ET. Septin-coated microtubules promote maturation of multivesicular bodies by inhibiting their motility. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308049. [PMID: 38668767 PMCID: PMC11046855 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton consists of microtubule subsets with distinct compositions of microtubule-associated proteins, which instruct the position and traffic of subcellular organelles. In the endocytic pathway, these microtubule-associated cues are poorly understood. Here, we report that in MDCK cells, endosomes with multivesicular body (MVB) and late endosome (LE) markers localize preferentially to microtubules coated with septin GTPases. Compared with early endosomes, CD63-containing MVBs/LEs are largely immotile on septin-coated microtubules. In vitro reconstitution assays revealed that the motility of isolated GFP-CD63 endosomes is directly inhibited by microtubule-associated septins. Quantification of CD63-positive endosomes containing the early endosome antigen (EEA1), the Rab7 effector and dynein adaptor RILP or Rab27a, showed that intermediary EEA1- and RILP-positive GFP-CD63 preferentially associate with septin-coated microtubules. Septin knockdown enhanced GFP-CD63 motility and decreased the percentage of CD63-positive MVBs/LEs with lysobiphosphatidic acid without impacting the fraction of EEA1-positive CD63. These results suggest that MVB maturation involves immobilization on septin-coated microtubules, which may facilitate multivesiculation and/or organelle-organelle contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi R. Bass
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhakt
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias T. Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Cs Szabo B, Szabo M, Nagy P, Varga Z, Panyi G, Kovacs T, Zakany F. Novel insights into the modulation of the voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3 activation gating by membrane ceramides. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100596. [PMID: 39019344 PMCID: PMC11367112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane lipids extensively modulate the activation gating of voltage-gated potassium channels (KV), however, much less is known about the mechanisms of ceramide and glucosylceramide actions including which structural element is the main intramolecular target and whether there is any contribution of indirect, membrane biophysics-related mechanisms to their actions. We used two-electrode voltage-clamp fluorometry capable of recording currents and fluorescence signals to simultaneously monitor movements of the pore domain (PD) and the voltage sensor domain (VSD) of the KV1.3 ion channel after attaching an MTS-TAMRA fluorophore to a cysteine introduced into the extracellular S3-S4 loop of the VSD. We observed rightward shifts in the conductance-voltage (G-V) relationship, slower current activation kinetics, and reduced current amplitudes in response to loading the membrane with C16-ceramide (Cer) or C16-glucosylceramide (GlcCer). When analyzing VSD movements, only Cer induced a rightward shift in the fluorescence signal-voltage (F-V) relationship and slowed fluorescence activation kinetics, whereas GlcCer exerted no such effects. These results point at a distinctive mechanism of action with Cer primarily targeting the VSD, while GlcCer only the PD of KV1.3. Using environment-sensitive probes and fluorescence-based approaches, we show that Cer and GlcCer similarly increase molecular order in the inner, hydrophobic regions of bilayers, however, Cer induces a robust molecular reorganization at the membrane-water interface. We propose that this unique ordering effect in the outermost membrane layer in which the main VSD rearrangement involving an outward sliding of the top of S4 occurs can explain the VSD targeting mechanism of Cer, which is unavailable for GlcCer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Cs Szabo
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mate Szabo
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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6
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SenthilKumar G, Zirgibel Z, Cohen KE, Katunaric B, Jobe AM, Shult CG, Limpert RH, Freed JK. Ying and Yang of Ceramide in the Vascular Endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1725-1736. [PMID: 38899471 PMCID: PMC11269027 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ceramides, a group of biologically active sphingolipids, have been described as the new cholesterol given strong evidence linking high plasma ceramide with endothelial damage, risk for early adverse cardiovascular events, and development of cardiometabolic disease. This relationship has sparked great interest in investigating therapeutic targets with the goal of suppressing ceramide formation. However, the growing data challenge this paradigm of ceramide as solely eliciting detrimental effects to the cardiovascular system. Studies show that ceramides are necessary for maintaining proper endothelial redox states, mechanosensation, and membrane integrity. Recent work in preclinical models and isolated human microvessels highlights that the loss of ceramide formation can in fact propagate vascular endothelial dysfunction. Here, we delve into these conflicting findings to evaluate how ceramide may be capable of exerting both beneficial and damaging effects within the vascular endothelium. We propose a unifying theory that while basal levels of ceramide in response to physiological stimuli are required for the production of vasoprotective metabolites such as S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), the chronic accumulation of ceramide can promote activation of pro-oxidative stress pathways in endothelial cells. Clinically, the evidence discussed here highlights the potential challenges associated with therapeutic suppression of ceramide formation as a means of reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Zachary Zirgibel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Katie E. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Boran Katunaric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Alyssa M. Jobe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Carolyn G. Shult
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Rachel H. Limpert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Julie K. Freed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
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7
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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 PMCID: PMC11381030 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Siemeling O, Slingerland S, van der Zee S, van Laar T. Study protocol of the GRoningen early-PD Ambroxol treatment (GREAT) trial: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single center trial with ambroxol in Parkinson patients with a GBA mutation. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:146. [PMID: 38693511 PMCID: PMC11061939 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no disease modifying therapies are available for Parkinson's disease (PD). Since PD is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, there is a high demand for such therapies. Both environmental and genetic risk factors play an important role in the etiology and progression of PD. The most common genetic risk factor for PD is a mutation in the GBA1(GBA)-gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The mucolytic ambroxol is a repurposed drug, which has shown the property to upregulate GCase activity in-vitro and in-vivo. Ambroxol therefore has the potency to become a disease modifying therapy in PD, which was the reason to design this randomized controlled trial with ambroxol in PD patients. METHODS This trial is a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, including 80 PD patients with a GBA mutation, receiving either ambroxol 1800 mg/day or placebo for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscore (part III) of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS-UPDRSIII) in the practically defined off-state at 60 weeks (after a 12-week washout period). Secondary outcomes include a 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluoro-I-phenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA) PET-scan of the brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (with resting state f-MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging), GCase activity, both intra- and extracellularly, sphingolipid profiles in plasma, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), quality of life (QoL) measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and the Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) questionnaire. DISCUSSION Ambroxol up to 1200 mg/day has shown effects on human cerebrospinal fluid endpoints, which supports at least passage of the blood-brain-barrier. The dose titration in this trial up to 1800 mg/day will reveal if this dose level is safe and also effective in modifying the course of the disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05830396. Registration date: March 20, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Siemeling
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S Slingerland
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Zee
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Merz N, Hartel JC, Grösch S. How ceramides affect the development of colon cancer: from normal colon to carcinoma. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x. [PMID: 38635059 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the colon and the development of colon cancer depend on the sphingolipid balance in colon epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ceramides and their complex derivatives influence normal colon development and colon cancer development. Ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingomyelin are essential membrane components and, due to their biophysical properties, can influence the activation of membrane proteins, affecting protein-protein interactions and downstream signalling pathways. Here, we review the cellular mechanisms known to be affected by ceramides and their effects on colon development. We also describe which ceramides are deregulated during colorectal carcinogenesis, the molecular mechanisms involved in ceramide deregulation and how this affects carcinogenesis. Finally, we review new methods that are now state of the art for studying lipid-protein interactions in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Merz
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Christina Hartel
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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10
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Chauhan N, Patro BS. Emerging roles of lysosome homeostasis (repair, lysophagy and biogenesis) in cancer progression and therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216599. [PMID: 38135207 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In the era of personalized therapy, precise targeting of subcellular organelles holds great promise for cancer modality. Taking into consideration that lysosome represents the intersection site in numerous endosomal trafficking pathways and their modulation in cancer growth, progression, and resistance against cancer therapies, the lysosome is proposed as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Based on the recent advances, the current review provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms of lysosome homeostasis under 3R responses: Repair, Removal (lysophagy) and Regeneration of lysosomes. These arms of 3R responses have distinct role in lysosome homeostasis although their interdependency along with switching between the pathways still remain elusive. Recent advances underpinning the crucial role of (1) ESCRT complex dependent/independent repair of lysosome, (2) various Galectins-based sensing and ubiquitination in lysophagy and (3) TFEB/TFE proteins in lysosome regeneration/biogenesis of lysosome are outlined. Later, we also emphasised how these recent advancements may aid in development of phytochemicals and pharmacological agents for targeting lysosomes for efficient cancer therapy. Some of these lysosome targeting agents, which are now at various stages of clinical trials and patents, are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Chauhan
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
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11
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR. Ceramide regulation of autophagy: A biophysical approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159444. [PMID: 38056762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific membrane lipids play unique roles in (macro)autophagy. Those include phosphatidylethanolamine, to which LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins become covalently bound in the process, or cardiolipin, an important effector in mitochondrial autophagy (or mitophagy). Ceramide (Cer), or N-acyl sphingosine, is one of the simplest sphingolipids, known as a stress signal in the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, Cer is increasingly being recognized as an autophagy activator, although its mechanism of action is unclear. In the present review, the proposed Cer roles in autophagy are summarized, together with some biophysical properties of Cer in membranes. Possible pathways for Cer activation of autophagy are discussed, including specific protein binding of the lipid, and Cer-dependent perturbation of bilayer properties. Cer generation of lateral inhomogeneities (domain formation) is given special attention. Recent biophysical results, including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy data, show Cer-promoted enhanced binding of LC3/GABARAP to lipid bilayers. These observations could be interpreted in terms of the putative formation of Cer-rich nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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12
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Ko JY, Kim MY, Jeon JY, Jung JY, Han YH, Kim JH. Syntheses of the ω-pyridinium-containing very-long-chain ceramides PyrCer(24:1(15Z)) and PyrCer(24:0) and their anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129585. [PMID: 38086468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides, crucial sphingolipids in cellular biology, play various roles ranging from structural membrane integrity to signaling pathway regulation. Structurally, a ceramide consists of a fatty acid connected to a sphingoid base. The characteristics of the fatty acid chain, including length and saturation, determine the physiological properties of the ceramide. Ceramides typically fall into the following categories based on chain length: medium, long, very-long, and ultra-long. Among them, two very-long-chain ceramides, Cer(24:1(15Z)) and Cer(24:0), have been extensively studied, and they are known for their regulatory functions. However, the hydrophobic natures of ceramides, arising from their long hydrocarbon chain impedes their solubilities and levels of cellular delivery. Although ω-pyridinium ceramide analogs (ω-PyrCers) have been developed to address this issue, ω-PyrCers with very-long fatty acid chains or unsaturation have not been developed, presumably due to limited access to the corresponding ω-bromo fatty acids required in their syntheses. In this study, we prepared the ω-PyrCers of Cer(24:1(15Z)) and Cer(24:0), PyrCer(24:1(15Z)) and PyrCer(24:0), respectively. The key in the synthesis is the Wittig reaction to prepare the ω-bromo fatty acid with an appropriate chain length and (Z)-double bond position. Preliminary evaluation of the PyrCer(24:1(15Z)) and PyrCer(24:0) revealed their potential in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Ko
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yi Jung
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Area-Gomez E, Schon EA. Towards a Unitary Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1243-1275. [PMID: 38578892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The "amyloid cascade" hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis invokes the accumulation in the brain of plaques (containing the amyloid-β protein precursor [AβPP] cleavage product amyloid-β [Aβ]) and tangles (containing hyperphosphorylated tau) as drivers of pathogenesis. However, the poor track record of clinical trials based on this hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of these peptides is not the only cause of AD. Here, an alternative hypothesis is proposed in which the AβPP cleavage product C99, not Aβ, is the main culprit, via its role as a regulator of cholesterol metabolism. C99, which is a cholesterol sensor, promotes the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM), a cholesterol-rich lipid raft-like subdomain of the ER that communicates, both physically and biochemically, with mitochondria. We propose that in early-onset AD (EOAD), MAM-localized C99 is elevated above normal levels, resulting in increased transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to membranes of intracellular organelles, such as ER/endosomes, thereby upregulating MAM function and driving pathology. By the same token, late-onset AD (LOAD) is triggered by any genetic variant that increases the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol that, in turn, boosts the levels of C99 and again upregulates MAM function. Thus, the functional cause of AD is upregulated MAM function that, in turn, causes the hallmark disease phenotypes, including the plaques and tangles. Accordingly, the MAM hypothesis invokes two key interrelated elements, C99 and cholesterol, that converge at the MAM to drive AD pathogenesis. From this perspective, AD is, at bottom, a lipid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development>, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Lantzanaki M, Vavilis T, Harizopoulou VC, Bili H, Goulis DG, Vavilis D. Ceramides during Pregnancy and Obstetrical Adverse Outcomes. Metabolites 2023; 13:1136. [PMID: 37999232 PMCID: PMC10673483 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are a group of sphingolipids located in the external plasma membrane layer and act as messengers in cellular pathways such as inflammatory processes and apoptosis. Plasma ceramides are biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, various autoimmune conditions and cancer. During pregnancy, ceramides play an important role as stress mediators, especially during implantation, delivery and lactation. Based on the current literature, plasma ceramides could be potential biomarkers of obstetrical adverse outcomes, although their role in metabolic pathways under such conditions remains unclear. This review aims to present current studies that examine the role of ceramides during pregnancy and obstetrical adverse outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lantzanaki
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.C.H.); (H.B.); (D.G.G.); (D.V.)
| | - Theofanis Vavilis
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vikentia C. Harizopoulou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.C.H.); (H.B.); (D.G.G.); (D.V.)
| | - Helen Bili
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.C.H.); (H.B.); (D.G.G.); (D.V.)
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.C.H.); (H.B.); (D.G.G.); (D.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.C.H.); (H.B.); (D.G.G.); (D.V.)
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
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15
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Dutta D, Kanca O, Byeon SK, Marcogliese PC, Zuo Z, Shridharan RV, Park JH, Lin G, Ge M, Heimer G, Kohler JN, Wheeler MT, Kaipparettu BA, Pandey A, Bellen HJ. A defect in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis impairs iron metabolism and causes elevated ceramide levels. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1595-1614. [PMID: 37653044 PMCID: PMC11151872 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In most eukaryotic cells, fatty acid synthesis (FAS) occurs in the cytoplasm and in mitochondria. However, the relative contribution of mitochondrial FAS (mtFAS) to the cellular lipidome is not well defined. Here we show that loss of function of Drosophila mitochondrial enoyl coenzyme A reductase (Mecr), which is the enzyme required for the last step of mtFAS, causes lethality, while neuronal loss of Mecr leads to progressive neurodegeneration. We observe a defect in Fe-S cluster biogenesis and increased iron levels in flies lacking mecr, leading to elevated ceramide levels. Reducing the levels of either iron or ceramide suppresses the neurodegenerative phenotypes, indicating an interplay between ceramide and iron metabolism. Mutations in human MECR cause pediatric-onset neurodegeneration, and we show that human-derived fibroblasts display similar elevated ceramide levels and impaired iron homeostasis. In summary, this study identifies a role of mecr/MECR in ceramide and iron metabolism, providing a mechanistic link between mtFAS and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul C Marcogliese
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rishi V Shridharan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gali Heimer
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benny A Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Haerinck J, Goossens S, Berx G. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:590-609. [PMID: 37169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several states across the epithelial-mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic features. This plasticity is crucial for embryonic development and wound healing, but also underlies the acquisition of several malignant traits during cancer progression. Recent research using systems biology and single-cell profiling methods has provided novel insights into the main forces that shape EMP, which include the microenvironment, lineage specification and cell identity, and the genome. Additionally, key roles have emerged for hysteresis (cell memory) and cellular noise, which can drive stochastic transitions between cell states. Here, we review these forces and the distinct but interwoven layers of regulatory control that stabilize EMP states or facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating the EMP landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Haerinck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Geiger O, Sanchez-Flores A, Padilla-Gomez J, Degli Esposti M. Multiple approaches of cellular metabolism define the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0066. [PMID: 37556552 PMCID: PMC10411912 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We breathe at the molecular level when mitochondria in our cells consume oxygen to extract energy from nutrients. Mitochondria are characteristic cellular organelles that derive from aerobic bacteria and carry out oxidative phosphorylation and other key metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells. The precise bacterial origin of mitochondria and, consequently, the ancestry of the aerobic metabolism of our cells remain controversial despite the vast genomic information that is now available. Here, we use multiple approaches to define the most likely living relatives of the ancestral bacteria from which mitochondria originated. These bacteria live in marine environments and exhibit the highest frequency of aerobic traits and genes for the metabolism of fundamental lipids that are present in the membranes of eukaryotes, sphingolipids, and cardiolipin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Geiger
- Center for Genomic Sciences, UNAM Campus de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformatica, Institute of Biotechnology, UNAM, Cuernavaca, México
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18
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Aguilera-Romero A, Lucena R, Sabido-Bozo S, Muñiz M. Impact of sphingolipids on protein membrane trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159334. [PMID: 37201864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential to maintain the spatiotemporal control of protein and lipid distribution within membrane systems of eukaryotic cells. To achieve their functional destination proteins are sorted and transported into lipid carriers that construct the secretory and endocytic pathways. It is an emerging theme that lipid diversity might exist in part to ensure the homeostasis of these pathways. Sphingolipids, a chemical diverse type of lipids with special physicochemical characteristics have been implicated in the selective transport of proteins. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge about how sphingolipids modulate protein trafficking through the endomembrane systems to guarantee that proteins reach their functional destination and the proposed underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Sabido-Bozo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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19
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Tse CM, Zhang Z, Lin R, Sarker R, Donowitz M, Singh V. The Air-Liquid Interface Reorganizes Membrane Lipids and Enhances the Recruitment of Slc26a3 to Lipid-Rich Domains in Human Colonoid Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8273. [PMID: 37175979 PMCID: PMC10179158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-rich membrane domains, also called lipid rafts (LRs), are specialized membrane domains that provide a platform for intracellular signal transduction. Membrane proteins often cluster in LRs that further aggregate into larger platform-like structures that are enriched in ceramides and are called ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs). The role of CRPs in the regulation of intestinal epithelial functions remains unknown. Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) is an intestinal Cl-/HCO3- antiporter that is enriched in LRs. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of DRA activity. The air-liquid interface (ALI) was created by removing apical media for a specified number of days; from 12-14 days post-confluency, Caco-2/BBe cells or a colonoid monolayer were grown as submerged cultures. Confocal imaging was used to examine the dimensions of membrane microdomains that contained DRA. DRA expression and activity were enhanced in Caco-2/BBe cells and human colonoids using an ALI culture method. ALI causes an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity, an enzyme responsible for enhancing ceramide content in the plasma membrane. ALI cultures expressed a larger number of DRA-containing platforms with dimensions >2 µm compared to cells grown as submerged cultures. ASMase inhibitor, desipramine, disrupted CRPs and reduced the ALI-induced increase in DRA expression in the apical membrane. Exposing normal human colonoid monolayers to ALI increased the ASMase activity and enhanced the differentiation of colonoids along with basal and forskolin-stimulated DRA activities. ALI increases DRA activity and expression by increasing ASMase activity and platform formation in Caco-2/BBe cells and by enhancing the differentiation of colonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ming Tse
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruxian Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rafiquel Sarker
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Varsha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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20
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Babiy B, Ramos-Molina B, Ocaña L, Sacristán S, Burgos-Santamaría D, Martínez-Botas J, Busto R, Perna C, Frutos MD, Albillos A, Pastor Ó. Dihydrosphingolipids are associated with steatosis and increased fibrosis damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159318. [PMID: 37059386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrosphingolipids are lipids biosynthetically related to ceramides. An increase in ceramides is associated with enhanced fat storage in the liver and inhibition of their synthesis is reported to prevent the appearance of steatosis in animal models. However, the precise association of dihydrosphingolipids with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet to be established. We employed a diet induced NAFLD mouse model to study the association between this class of compounds and disease progression. Mice fed a high-fat diet were sacrificed at 22, 30 and 40 weeks to reproduce the full spectrum of histological damage found in human disease, steatosis (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) with and without significant fibrosis. Blood and liver tissue samples were obtained from patients whose NAFLD severity was assessed histologically. To demonstrate the effect of dihydroceramides over NAFLD progression we treated mice with fenretinide an inhibitor of dihydroceramide desaturse-1 (DEGS1). Lipidomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and dihydrosphingolipids were increased in the liver of model mice in association with the degree of steatosis and fibrosis. Dihydroceramides increased with the histological severity observed in liver samples of mice (0.024 ± 0.003 nmol/mg vs 0.049 ± 0.005 nmol/mg, non-NAFLD vs NASH-fibrosis, p < 0.0001) and patients (0.105 ± 0.011 nmol/mg vs 0.165 ± 0.021 nmol/mg, p = 0.0221). Inhibition of DEGS1 induce a four-fold increase in dihydroceramides improving steatosis but increasing the inflammatory activity and fibrosis. In conclusion, the degree of histological damage in NAFLD correlate with dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingolipid accumulation. LAY SUMMARY: Accumulation of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester lipids is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Using lipidomics, we examined the role of dihydrosphingolipids in NAFLD progression. Our results demonstrate that de novo dihydrosphingolipid synthesis is an early event in NAFLD and the concentrations of these lipids are correlated with histological severity in both mouse and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Babiy
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, UCA-CCM, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña
- Servicio de Cirugía General, HCU Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Sacristán
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Perna
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Frutos
- Departamento de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, HU Virgen de la Arraixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Óscar Pastor
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, UCA-CCM, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Fandrei F, Havrišák T, Opálka L, Engberg O, Smith A, Pullmannová P, Kučerka N, Ondrejčeková V, Demé B, Nováková L, Steinhart M, Vávrová K, Huster D. The Intriguing Molecular Dynamics of Cer[EOS] in Rigid Skin Barrier Lipid Layers Requires Improvement of the Model. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100356. [PMID: 36948272 PMCID: PMC10154977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-O-acyl ceramides such as 32-linoleoyloxydotriacontanoyl sphingosine (Cer[EOS]) are essential components of the lipid skin barrier, which protects our body from excessive water loss and the penetration of unwanted substances. These ceramides drive the lipid assembly to epidermal-specific long periodicity phase (LPP), structurally much different than conventional lipid bilayers. Here, we synthesized Cer[EOS] with selectively deuterated segments of the ultralong N-acyl chain or deuterated or 13C-labeled linoleic acid and studied their molecular behavior in a skin lipid model. Solid-state 2H NMR data revealed surprising molecular dynamics for the ultralong N-acyl chain of Cer[EOS] with increased isotropic motion towards the isotropic ester-bound linoleate. The sphingosine moiety of Cer[EOS] is also highly mobile at skin temperature, in stark contrast to the other LPP components, N-lignoceroyl sphingosine acyl, lignoceric acid and cholesterol, which are predominantly rigid. The dynamics of the linoleic chain is quantitatively described by distributions of correlation times and using dynamic detector analysis. These NMR results along with neutron diffraction data suggest an LPP structure with alternating fluid (sphingosine chain-rich), rigid (acyl chain-rich), isotropic (linoleate-rich), rigid (acyl-chain rich), and fluid layers (sphingosine chain-rich). Such an arrangement of the skin barrier lipids with rigid layers separated with two different dynamic "fillings" i) agrees well with ultrastructural data, ii) satisfies the need for simultaneous rigidity (to ensure low permeability) and fluidity (to ensure elasticity, accommodate enzymes or antimicrobial peptides), and iii) offers a straightforward way to remodel the lamellar body lipids into the final lipid barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Fandrei
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomáš Havrišák
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar Engberg
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - AlbertA Smith
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Pullmannová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Kučerka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Ondrejčeková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Steinhart
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science in Prague, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Lipids in Mitochondrial Macroautophagy: Phase Behavior of Bilayers Containing Cardiolipin and Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065080. [PMID: 36982156 PMCID: PMC10049649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key lipid for damaged mitochondrial recognition by the LC3/GABARAP human autophagy proteins. The role of ceramide (Cer) in this process is unclear, but CL and Cer have been proposed to coexist in mitochondria under certain conditions. Varela et al. showed that in model membranes composed of egg sphingomyelin (eSM), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and CL, the addition of Cer enhanced the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins to bilayers. Cer gave rise to lateral phase separation of Cer-rich rigid domains but protein binding took place mainly in the fluid continuous phase. In the present study, a biophysical analysis of bilayers composed of eSM, DOPE, CL, and/or Cer was attempted to understand the relevance of this lipid coexistence. Bilayers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon the addition of CL and Cer, one continuous phase and two segregated ones were formed. In bilayers with egg phosphatidylcholine instead of eSM, in which the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins hardly increased with Cer in the former study, a single segregated phase was formed. Assuming that phase separation at the nanoscale is ruled by the same principles acting at the micrometer scale, it is proposed that Cer-enriched rigid nanodomains, stabilized by eSM:Cer interactions formed within the DOPE- and CL-enriched fluid phase, result in structural defects at the rigid/fluid nanointerfaces, thus hypothetically facilitatingLC3/GABARAP protein interaction.
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23
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Barisch C, Holthuis JCM, Cosentino K. Membrane damage and repair: a thin line between life and death. Biol Chem 2023; 404:467-490. [PMID: 36810295 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilayered membranes separate cells from their surroundings and form boundaries between intracellular organelles and the cytosol. Gated transport of solutes across membranes enables cells to establish vital ion gradients and a sophisticated metabolic network. However, an advanced compartmentalization of biochemical reactions makes cells also particularly vulnerable to membrane damage inflicted by pathogens, chemicals, inflammatory responses or mechanical stress. To avoid potentially lethal consequences of membrane injuries, cells continuously monitor the structural integrity of their membranes and readily activate appropriate pathways to plug, patch, engulf or shed the damaged membrane area. Here, we review recent insights into the cellular mechanisms that underly an effective maintenance of membrane integrity. We discuss how cells respond to membrane lesions caused by bacterial toxins and endogenous pore-forming proteins, with a primary focus on the intimate crosstalk between membrane proteins and lipids during wound formation, detection and elimination. We also discuss how a delicate balance between membrane damage and repair determines cell fate upon bacterial infection or activation of pro-inflammatory cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barisch
- Molecular Infection Biology Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katia Cosentino
- Molecular Cell Biophysics Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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24
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Quiroz-Acosta T, Bermeo K, Arenas I, Garcia DE. Inactivation of potassium channels by ceramide in rat pancreatic β-cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 735:109520. [PMID: 36646267 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid regulation of ion channels is a fundamental mechanism in physiological processes as of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion. Ceramide is a bioactive lipid proposed as a regulator of several voltage-gated ion channels including potassium channels (Kv). It is generated either de novo or by sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis in membranes of mammalian cells. In pancreatic β-cells, ceramide is the main sphingolipid associated with lipotoxicity and likely involved in cell dysfunction. Despite of the wealth of information regarding regulation of potassium channels by ceramides, the regulation of Kv channels by accumulated ceramide in native pancreatic β-cells has not been investigated. To do so, we used either the C2-ceramide, a cell-permeable short-chain analogue, or a sphingomyelinase (SMase C), a hydrolase causing ceramide to elevate from an endogenous production, in pancreatic β-cells of rat. C2-ceramide markedly accelerates steady-state current inactivation according to kinetic changes in the channel machinery. Interestingly, only C2-ceramide accelerates current inactivation while SMase C decreases both, peak-current and step-current amplitude supporting differential effects of ceramide derivatives. A specific inhibitor of the Kv2.1 channel (GxTX-1E), readily inhibits a fraction of the Kv channel current while no further inhibition by C2-ceramide superfusion can be observed supporting Kv2.1 channel involvement in the ceramide inhibition. Thus, intramembrane ceramide accumulation, as a lipidic metabolite released under cell-stress conditions, may alter pancreatic β-cell repolarization and secretion. These results may provide a new insight regarding lipid-protein regulation and advance our understanding in ceramide actions on Kv channels in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayde Quiroz-Acosta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina Bermeo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isabel Arenas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David E Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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25
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Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Coviello S, Tarantino A, La Rocca P, Lavota I, Creo P, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Sphingolipids and Atherosclerosis: The Dual Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010143. [PMID: 36671005 PMCID: PMC9855164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that play either pro- and anti-atherogenic roles in the formation and maturation of atherosclerotic plaques. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate showed antithetic properties in regulating various molecular mechanisms and have emerged as novel potential targets for regulating the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat is important to prevent the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, which is the trigger for the entire atherosclerotic process and is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress. In addition, these two sphingolipids, together with many other sphingolipid mediators, are directly involved in the progression of atherogenesis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by promoting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and influencing the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. The modulation of ceramide and S1P levels may therefore allow the development of new antioxidant therapies that can prevent or at least impair the onset of atherogenesis, which would ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and significantly reduce their mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Creo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0226437765
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26
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Roy A, Patra SK. Lipid Raft Facilitated Receptor Organization and Signaling: A Functional Rheostat in Embryonic Development, Stem Cell Biology and Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2-25. [PMID: 35997871 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular views of plasma membrane organization and dynamics are gradually changing over the past fifty years. Dynamics of plasma membrane instigate several signaling nexuses in eukaryotic cells. The striking feature of plasma membrane dynamics is that, it is internally transfigured into various subdomains of clustered macromolecules. Lipid rafts are nanoscale subdomains, enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, reside as floating entity mostly on the exoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. In terms of functionality, lipid rafts are unique among other membrane subdomains. Herein, advances on the roles of lipid rafts in cellular physiology and homeostasis are discussed, precisely, on how rafts dynamically harbor signaling proteins, including GPCRs, catalytic receptors, and ionotropic receptors within it and orchestrate multiple signaling pathways. In the developmental proceedings signaling are designed for patterning of overall organism and they differ from the somatic cell physiology and signaling of fully developed organisms. Some of the developmental signals are characteristic in maintenance of stemness and activated during several types of tumor development and cancer progression. The harmony between extracellular signaling and lineage specific transcriptional programs are extremely important for embryonic development. The roles of plasma membrane lipid rafts mediated signaling in lineage specificity, early embryonic development, stem cell maintenance are emerging. In view of this, we have highlighted and analyzed the roles of lipid rafts in receptor organization, cell signaling, and gene expression during embryonic development; from pre-implantation through the post-implantation phase, in stem cell and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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27
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Horbay R, Hamraghani A, Ermini L, Holcik S, Beug ST, Yeganeh B. Role of Ceramides and Lysosomes in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Cargo Sorting and Release. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315317. [PMID: 36499644 PMCID: PMC9735581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have the ability to communicate with their immediate and distant neighbors through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs facilitate intercellular signaling through the packaging of specific cargo in all type of cells, and perturbations of EV biogenesis, sorting, release and uptake is the basis of a number of disorders. In this review, we summarize recent advances of the complex roles of the sphingolipid ceramide and lysosomes in the journey of EV biogenesis to uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Horbay
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ali Hamraghani
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sophie Holcik
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Shawn T. Beug
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.T.B.); or (B.Y.); Tel.: +1-613-738-4176 (B.Y.); Fax: +1-613-738-4847 (S.T.B. & B.Y.)
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.T.B.); or (B.Y.); Tel.: +1-613-738-4176 (B.Y.); Fax: +1-613-738-4847 (S.T.B. & B.Y.)
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28
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Long chain ceramides raise the main phase transition of monounsaturated phospholipids to physiological temperature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20803. [PMID: 36460753 PMCID: PMC9718810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of ceramide-mediated cellular signaling. We examined the effects of palmitoyl ceramide (C16-ceramide) and stearoyl ceramide (C18-ceramide) on the phase behavior of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS). As previously published, the presence of ceramides increased the lamellar gel-to-lamellar liquid crystalline (Lβ-Lα) phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE and decreased the Lα-to-inverted hexagonal (Lα-HII) phase transition temperature of POPE. Interestingly, despite an ~ 30° difference in the main phase transition temperatures of POPC and POPE, the Lβ-Lα phase transition temperatures were very close between POPC/C18-ceramide and POPE/C18-ceramide and were near physiological temperature. A comparison of the results of C16-ceramide in published and our own results with those of C18-ceramide indicates that increase of the carbon chain length of ceramide from 16 to 18 and/or the small difference of ceramide content in the membrane dramatically change the phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE to near physiological temperature. Our results support the idea that ceramide signaling is mediated by the alteration of lipid phase-dependent partitioning of signaling proteins.
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29
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Goñi FM. Sphingomyelin: What is it good for? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:23-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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González-Ramírez EJ, Etxaniz A, Alonso A, Goñi FM. Phase behaviour of C18-N-acyl sphingolipids, the prevalent species in human brain. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112855. [PMID: 36137336 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis of the N-acyl components of sphingolipids in different mammalian tissues had revealed that brain tissue differed from all the other samples in that SM contained mainly C18:0 and C24:1N-acyl chains, and that the most abundant Cer species was C18:0. Only in the nervous system was C18:0 found in sizable proportions. The high levels of C18:0 and C16:0, respectively in brain and non-brain SM, were important because SM is by far the most abundant sphingolipid in the plasma membrane. In view of these observations, the present paper is devoted to a comparative study of the properties of C16:0 and C18:0 sphingolipids (SM and Cer) pure and in mixtures of increasing complexities, using differential scanning calorimetry, confocal microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles, and correlative fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy of supported lipid bilayers. Membrane rigidity was measured by force spectroscopy. It was found that in mixtures containing dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, i.e. representing the lipids predominant in the outer monolayer of cell membranes, lateral inhomogeneities occurred, with the formation of rigid domains within a continuous fluid phase. Inclusion of saturated Cer in the system was always found to increase the rigidity of the segregated domains. C18:0-based sphingolipids exhibit hydrocarbon chain-length asymmetry, and some singularities observed with this N-acyl chain, e.g. complex calorimetric endotherms, could be attributed to this property. Moreover, C18:0-based sphingolipids, that are typical of the excitable cells, were less miscible with the fluid phase than their C16:0 counterparts. The results could be interpreted as suggesting that the predominance of C18:0 Cer in the nervous system would contribute to the tightness of its plasma membranes, thus facilitating maintenance of the ion gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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31
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Benedyk TH, Connor V, Caroe ER, Shamin M, Svergun DI, Deane JE, Jeffries CM, Crump CM, Graham SC. Herpes simplex virus 1 protein pUL21 alters ceramide metabolism by activating the interorganelle transport protein CERT. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102589. [PMID: 36243114 PMCID: PMC9668737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 dramatically alters the architecture and protein composition of cellular membranes during infection, but its effects upon membrane lipid composition remain unclear. HSV-1 pUL21 is a virus-encoded protein phosphatase adaptor that promotes dephosphorylation of multiple cellular and virus proteins, including the cellular ceramide (Cer) transport protein CERT. CERT mediates nonvesicular Cer transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the trans-Golgi network, whereupon Cer is converted to sphingomyelin (SM) and other sphingolipids that play important roles in cellular proliferation, signaling, and membrane trafficking. Here, we use click chemistry to profile the kinetics of sphingolipid metabolism, showing that pUL21-mediated dephosphorylation activates CERT and accelerates Cer-to-SM conversion. Purified pUL21 and full-length CERT interact with submicromolar affinity, and we solve the solution structure of the pUL21 C-terminal domain in complex with the CERT Pleckstrin homology and steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domains using small-angle X-ray scattering. We identify a single amino acid mutation on the surface of pUL21 that disrupts CERT binding in vitro and in cultured cells. This residue is highly conserved across the genus Simplexvirus. In addition, we identify a pUL21 residue essential for binding to HSV-1 pUL16. Sphingolipid profiling demonstrates that Cer-to-SM conversion is severely diminished in the context of HSV-1 infection, a defect that is compounded when infecting with a virus encoding the mutated form of pUL21 that lacks the ability to activate CERT. However, virus replication and spread in cultured keratinocytes or epithelial cells is not significantly altered when pUL21-mediated CERT dephosphorylation is abolished. Collectively, we demonstrate that HSV-1 modifies sphingolipid metabolism via specific protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viv Connor
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eve R Caroe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Shamin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cy M Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Colin M Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen C Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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32
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Furse S, Kusinski LC, Ray A, Glenn-Sansum C, Williams HEL, Koulman A, Meek CL. Relative Abundance of Lipid Metabolites in Spermatozoa across Three Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911655. [PMID: 36232961 PMCID: PMC9569887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility, as manifest by the quantity and progressive motility of spermatozoa, is negatively impacted by obesity, dyslipidaemia and metabolic disease. However, the relative distribution of lipids in spermatozoa and the two compartments which supply lipids for spermatogenesis (seminal fluid and blood serum) has not been studied. We hypothesised that altered availability of lipids in blood serum and seminal fluid may affect the lipid composition and progressive motility of sperm. 60 men of age 35 years (median (range 20-45) and BMI 30.4 kg/m2 (24-36.5) under preliminary investigation for subfertility were recruited at an NHS clinic. Men provided samples of serum and semen, subject to strict acceptance criteria, for analysis of spermatozoa count and motility. Blood serum (n = 60), spermatozoa (n = 26) and seminal fluid (n = 60) were frozen for batch lipidomics analysis. Spermatozoa and seminal fluid had comparable lipid composition but showed marked differences with the serum lipidome. Spermatozoa demonstrated high abundance of ceramides, very-long-chain fatty acids (C20-22), and certain phospholipids (sphingomyelins, plasmalogens, phosphatidylethanolamines) with low abundance of phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol and triglycerides. Men with spermatozoa of low progressive motility had evidence of fewer concentration gradients for many lipid species between blood serum and spermatozoa compartments. Spermatozoa are abundant in multiple lipid species which are likely to contribute to key cellular functions. Lipid metabolism shows reduced regulation between compartments in men with spermatozoa with reduced progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura C. Kusinski
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alison Ray
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Coralie Glenn-Sansum
- R&D Department, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claire L. Meek
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1223-767176
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33
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Hullin-Matsuda F, Colosetti P, Rabia M, Luquain-Costaz C, Delton I. Exosomal lipids from membrane organization to biomarkers: Focus on an endolysosomal-specific lipid. Biochimie 2022; 203:77-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma M, Moulton MJ, Lu S, Bellen HJ. 'Fly-ing' from rare to common neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Trends Genet 2022; 38:972-984. [PMID: 35484057 PMCID: PMC9378361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing have enabled researchers and clinicians to probe vast numbers of human variants to distinguish pathogenic from benign variants. Model organisms have been crucial in variant assessment and in delineating the molecular mechanisms of some of the diseases caused by these variants. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has played a valuable role in this endeavor, taking advantage of its genetic technologies and established biological knowledge. We highlight the utility of the fly in studying the function of genes associated with rare neurological diseases that have led to a better understanding of common disease mechanisms. We emphasize that shared themes emerge among disease mechanisms, including the importance of lipids, in two prominent neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Moulton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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35
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Santos TCB, Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The sphingolipid anteome: implications for evolution of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2345-2363. [PMID: 35899376 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern cell membranes contain a bewildering complexity of lipids, among them sphingolipids (SLs). Advances in mass spectrometry have led to the realization that the number and combinatorial complexity of lipids, including SLs, is much greater than previously appreciated. SLs are generated de novo by four enzymes, namely serine palmitoyltransferase, 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase, ceramide synthase and dihydroceramide Δ4-desaturase 1. Some of these enzymes depend on the availability of specific substrates and cofactors, which are themselves supplied by other complex metabolic pathways. The evolution of these four enzymes is poorly understood and likely depends on the co-evolution of the metabolic pathways that supply the other essential reaction components. Here, we introduce the concept of the 'anteome', from the Latin ante ('before') to describe the network of metabolic ('omic') pathways that must have converged in order for these pathways to co-evolve and permit SL synthesis. We also suggest that current origin of life and evolutionary models lack appropriate experimental support to explain the appearance of this complex metabolic pathway and its anteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania C B Santos
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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36
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Ballesteros U, Montes LR, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Ceramide enhances binding of LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins to cardiolipin-containing membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:748-760. [PMID: 35839958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, or autophagy, is a process in which cell macromolecules, or even organelles, are engulfed in a double-membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, and directed to a lysosome. Among autophagy-related proteins, LC3/GABARAP constitute a protein family derived from yeast Atg8. They play important roles in autophagosome formation, binding future cargo organelles and promoting autophagosome growth. The involvement of specific lipids in this process is poorly understood. The present study explores the interaction of LC3/GABARAP proteins with phospholipid monolayers and bilayers based on phosphatidylcholine or on sphingomyelin. Cardiolipin is found to be essential for the protein interaction with such bilayers, as measured through gradient centrifugation experiments, while ceramide markedly increases binding. Giant unilamellar vesicles examined under confocal fluorescence microscopy reveal that ceramide segregates laterally into very rigid domains, while GABARAP binds only the more fluid regions, suggesting that the enhancing role of ceramide is exerted by the minority of ceramide molecules dispersed in the fluid phase. Although in further autophagy steps the LC3/GABARAP proteins are covalently bound to a phospholipid, this is not the case in our system, thus it is proposed that the observed ceramide effects would correspond to very early stages in the process, such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Uxue Ballesteros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain.
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37
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Contribution of specific ceramides to obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:395. [PMID: 35789435 PMCID: PMC9252958 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are a heterogeneous group of bioactive membrane sphingolipids that play specialized regulatory roles in cellular metabolism depending on their characteristic fatty acyl chain lengths and subcellular distribution. As obesity progresses, certain ceramide molecular species accumulate in metabolic tissues and cause cell-type-specific lipotoxic reactions that disrupt metabolic homeostasis and lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Several mechanisms for ceramide action have been inferred from studies in vitro, but only recently have we begun to better understand the acyl chain length specificity of ceramide-mediated signaling in the context of physiology and disease in vivo. New discoveries show that specific ceramides affect various metabolic pathways and that global or tissue-specific reduction in selected ceramide pools in obese rodents is sufficient to improve metabolic health. Here, we review the tissue-specific regulation and functions of ceramides in obesity, thus highlighting the emerging concept of selectively inhibiting production or action of ceramides with specific acyl chain lengths as novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate obesity-associated diseases.
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38
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Grundner M, Munjaković H, Tori T, Sepčić K, Gašperšič R, Oblak Č, Seme K, Guella G, Trenti F, Skočaj M. Ceramide Phosphoethanolamine as a Possible Marker of Periodontal Disease. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070655. [PMID: 35877858 PMCID: PMC9324278 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic oral inflammatory disorder initiated by pathobiontic bacteria found in dental plaques—complex biofilms on the tooth surface. The disease begins as an acute local inflammation of the gingival tissue (gingivitis) and can progress to periodontitis, which eventually leads to the formation of periodontal pockets and ultimately results in tooth loss. The main problem in periodontology is that the diagnosis is based on the assessment of the already obvious tissue damage. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the current diagnostics used to assess periodontal disease. Using lipidomic analyses, we show that both crucial periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, synthesize ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) species, membrane sphingolipids not typically found in vertebrates. Previously, it was shown that this particular lipid can be specifically detected by an aegerolysin protein, erylysin A (EryA). Here, we show that EryA can specifically bind to CPE species from the total lipid extract from P. gingivalis. Furthermore, using a fluorescently labelled EryA-mCherry, we were able to detect CPE species in clinical samples of dental plaque from periodontal patients. These results demonstrate the potential of specific periodontal pathogen-derived lipids as biomarkers for periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grundner
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Haris Munjaković
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tilen Tori
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Rok Gašperšič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.G.); (Č.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Čedomir Oblak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.G.); (Č.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Katja Seme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.G.); (Č.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Trenti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-3203-395
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39
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Millay DP. Regulation of the myoblast fusion reaction for muscle development, regeneration, and adaptations. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113134. [PMID: 35367215 PMCID: PMC9058940 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of plasma membranes is essential for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, exercise-induced adaptations, and results in a cell that contains hundreds to thousands of nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. The differentiation process in myocytes culminates in their fusion to form a new myofiber or fusion to an existing myofiber thereby contributing more synthetic material to the syncytium. The choice for two cells to fuse and become one could be a dangerous event if the two cells are not committed to an allied function. Thus, fusion events are highly regulated with positive and negative factors to fine-tune the process, and requires muscle-specific fusogens (Myomaker and Myomerger) as well as general cellular machinery to achieve the union of membranes. While a unified vertebrate myoblast fusion pathway is not yet established, recent discoveries should make this pursuit attainable. Not only does myocyte fusion impact the normal biology of skeletal muscle, but new evidence indicates dysregulation of the process impacts pathologies of skeletal muscle. Here, I will highlight the molecular players and biochemical mechanisms that drive fusion events in muscle, and discuss how this key myogenic process impacts skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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40
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Chao WS, Li X, Horvath DP, Anderson JV. Genetic loci associated with freezing tolerance in a European rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) diversity panel identified by genome-wide association mapping. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e405. [PMID: 35647480 PMCID: PMC9132609 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter biotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) require a vernalization treatment to enter the reproductive phase and generally produce greater yields than spring rapeseed. To find genetic loci associated with freezing tolerance in rapeseed, we first performed genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) on a diversity panel consisting of 222 rapeseed accessions originating primarily from Europe, which identified 69,554 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Model-based cluster analysis suggested that there were eight subgroups. The diversity panel was then phenotyped for freezing survival (visual damage and Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm) after 2 months of cold acclimation (5°C) and a freezing treatment (-15°C for 4 h). The genotypic and phenotypic data for each accession in the rapeseed diversity panel was then used to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS). GWAS results showed that 14 significant markers were mapped to seven chromosomes for the phenotypes scored. Twenty-four candidate genes located within the mapped loci were identified as previously associated with lipid, photosynthesis, flowering, ubiquitination, and cytochrome P450 in rapeseed or other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun S. Chao
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research UnitUSDA‐Agricultural Research ServiceFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Plant SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - David P. Horvath
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research UnitUSDA‐Agricultural Research ServiceFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - James V. Anderson
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research UnitUSDA‐Agricultural Research ServiceFargoNorth DakotaUSA
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41
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Ca 2+-activated sphingomyelin scrambling and turnover mediate ESCRT-independent lysosomal repair. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1875. [PMID: 35388011 PMCID: PMC8986845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are vital organelles vulnerable to injuries from diverse materials. Failure to repair or sequester damaged lysosomes poses a threat to cell viability. Here we report that cells exploit a sphingomyelin-based lysosomal repair pathway that operates independently of ESCRT to reverse potentially lethal membrane damage. Various conditions perturbing organelle integrity trigger a rapid calcium-activated scrambling and cytosolic exposure of sphingomyelin. Subsequent metabolic conversion of sphingomyelin by neutral sphingomyelinases on the cytosolic surface of injured lysosomes promotes their repair, also when ESCRT function is compromised. Conversely, blocking turnover of cytosolic sphingomyelin renders cells more sensitive to lysosome-damaging drugs. Our data indicate that calcium-activated scramblases, sphingomyelin, and neutral sphingomyelinases are core components of a previously unrecognized membrane restoration pathway by which cells preserve the functional integrity of lysosomes.
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42
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Abusukhun M, Winkler MS, Pöhlmann S, Moerer O, Meissner K, Tampe B, Hofmann-Winkler H, Bauer M, Gräler MH, Claus RA. Activation of Sphingomyelinase-Ceramide-Pathway in COVID-19 Purposes Its Inhibition for Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784989. [PMID: 34987511 PMCID: PMC8721106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment strategies for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain scarce. Hydrolysis of membrane-embedded, inert sphingomyelin by stress responsive sphingomyelinases is a hallmark of adaptive responses and cellular repair. As demonstrated in experimental and observational clinical studies, the transient and stress-triggered release of a sphingomyelinase, SMPD1, into circulation and subsequent ceramide generation provides a promising target for FDA-approved drugs. Here, we report the activation of sphingomyelinase-ceramide pathway in 23 intensive care patients with severe COVID-19. We observed an increase of circulating activity of sphingomyelinase with subsequent derangement of sphingolipids in serum lipoproteins and from red blood cells (RBC). Consistent with increased ceramide levels derived from the inert membrane constituent sphingomyelin, increased activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) accurately distinguished the patient cohort undergoing intensive care from healthy controls. Positive correlational analyses with biomarkers of severe clinical phenotype support the concept of an essential pathophysiological role of ASM in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as of a promising role for functional inhibition with anti-inflammatory agents in SARS-CoV-2 infection as also proposed in independent observational studies. We conclude that large-sized multicenter, interventional trials are now needed to evaluate the potential benefit of functional inhibition of this sphingomyelinase in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abusukhun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin S Winkler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Meissner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Hofmann-Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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43
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Shalaby YM, Al Aidaros A, Valappil A, Ali BR, Akawi N. Role of Ceramides in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Cardiometabolic Diseases: What we Know so Far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816301. [PMID: 35127726 PMCID: PMC8808480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides represent a class of biologically active lipids that are involved in orchestrating vital signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation. However, accumulating clinical evidence have shown that ceramides are playing a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity, collectively referred to as cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to study in depth the role of ceramides in the pathophysiology of such diseases, aiming to tailor more efficient treatment regimens. Furthermore, understanding the contribution of ceramides to the pathological molecular mechanisms of those interrelated conditions may improve not only the therapeutic but also the diagnostic and preventive approaches of the preceding hazardous events. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review currently available evidence on the role of ceramides as a common factor in the pathological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the mechanism of action of the latest ceramides-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Shalaby
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Anas Al Aidaros
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjana Valappil
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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44
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Zhao J, Chu T, Hu Q, Lei Y, Liu L, Zhang G, Gao C, Zhang T, Song W. The preparation of hydroxyapatite nanowires and nanorods via aliphatic micelles as soft templates. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were tunably synthesized via the use of an aliphatic–ethanol–water three-phase mixture system using micelles as soft templates via an emulsion–hydrothermal synergistic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Chu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Institute of ZheJiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinlin Lei
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of ZheJiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gongjun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chuanhua Gao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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45
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Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Antón Z, Montes LR, Alonso A. Molecular and mesoscopic geometries in autophagosome generation. A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183731. [PMID: 34419487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process in cell self-repair and survival. The centre of the autophagic event is the generation of the so-called autophagosome (AP), a vesicle surrounded by a double membrane (two bilayers). The AP delivers its cargo to a lysosome, for degradation and re-use of the hydrolysis products as new building blocks. AP formation is a very complex event, requiring dozens of specific proteins, and involving numerous instances of membrane biogenesis and architecture, including membrane fusion and fission. Many stages of AP generation can be rationalised in terms of curvature, both the molecular geometry of lipids interpreted in terms of 'intrinsic curvature', and the overall mesoscopic curvature of the whole membrane, as observed with microscopy techniques. The present contribution intends to bring together the worlds of biophysics and cell biology of autophagy, in the hope that the resulting cross-pollination will generate abundant fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Antón
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Ruiz M, Henricsson M, Borén J, Pilon M. Palmitic acid causes increased dihydroceramide levels when desaturase expression is directly silenced or indirectly lowered by silencing AdipoR2. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:173. [PMID: 34839823 PMCID: PMC8627610 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 (AdipoRs) are plasma membrane proteins often considered to act as adiponectin receptors with a ceramidase activity. Additionally, the AdipoRs and their yeast and C. elegans orthologs are emerging as membrane homeostasis regulators that counter membrane rigidification by promoting fatty acid desaturation and incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids, thus restoring fluidity. Methods Using cultured cells, the effects of AdipoR silencing or over-expression on the levels and composition of several sphingolipid classes were examined. Results AdipoR2 silencing in the presence of exogenous palmitic acid potently causes increased levels of dihydroceramides, a ceramide precursor in the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway. Conversely, AdipoR2 over-expression caused a depletion of dihydroceramides. Conclusions The results are consistent with AdipoR2 silencing leading to increased intracellular supply of palmitic acid that in turn leads to increased dihydroceramide synthesis via the rate-limiting serine palmitoyl transferase step. In agreement with this model, inhibiting the desaturase SCD or SREBF1/2 (positive regulators of SCD) also causes a strong increase in dihydroceramide levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01600-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Univ. of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Univ. of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Performance of Oleic Acid and Soybean Oil in the Preparation of Oil-in-Water Microemulsions for Encapsulating a Highly Hydrophobic Molecule. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work analyzes the dispersion of a highly hydrophobic molecule, (9Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctadecan-2-yl)octadec-9-enamide (ceramide-like molecule), with cosmetic and pharmaceutical interest, by exploiting oil-in-water microemulsions. Two different oils, oleic acid and soybean oil, were tested as an oil phase while mixtures of laureth-5-carboxylic acid (Akypo) and 2-propanol were used for the stabilization of the dispersions. This allowed us to obtain stable aqueous-based formulations with a relatively reduced content of oily phase (around 3% w/w), that may enhance the bioavailability of this molecule by its solubilization in nanometric oil droplets (with a size range of 30–80 nm), that allow the incorporation of a ceramide-like molecule of up to 3% w/w, to remain stable for more than a year. The nanometric size of the droplet containing the active ingredient and the stability of the formulations provide the basis for evaluating the efficiency of microemulsions in preparing formulations to enhance the distribution and availability of ceramide-like molecules, helping to reach targets in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Long-Chain and Very Long-Chain Ceramides Mediate Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111852. [PMID: 34769283 PMCID: PMC8584314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapeutic agent with cardiotoxicity associated with profibrotic effects. Dox increases ceramide levels with pro-inflammatory effects, cell death, and fibrosis. The purpose of our study was to identify the underlying ceramide signaling pathways. We aimed to characterize the downstream effects on cell survival, metabolism, and fibrosis. Human fibroblasts (hFSF) were treated with 0.7 µM of Dox or transgenically overexpressed ceramide synthase 2 (FLAG-CerS2). Furthermore, cells were pre-treated with MitoTempo (MT) (2 h, 20 µM) or Fumonisin B1 (FuB) (4 h, 100 µM). Protein expression was measured by Western blot or immunofluorescence (IF). Ceramide levels were determined with mass spectroscopy (MS). Visualizations were conducted using laser scanning microscopy (LSM) or electron microscopy. Mitochondrial activity was measured using seahorse analysis. Dox and CerS2 overexpression increased CerS2 protein expression. Coherently, ceramides were elevated with the highest peak for C24:0. Ceramide- induced mitochondrial ROS production was reduced with MT or FuB preincubation. Mitochondrial homeostasis was reduced and accompanied by reduced ATP production. Our data show that the increase in pro-inflammatory ceramides is an essential contributor to Dox side-effects. The accumulation of ceramides resulted in a lipotoxic shift and subsequently mitochondrial structural and functional damage, which was partially reversible following inhibition of ceramide synthesis.
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Bayoumi M, Arafa MG, Nasr M, Sammour OA. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles restore the normal miRNA expression and the chief defence antioxidant levels in skin cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20197. [PMID: 34642396 PMCID: PMC8511031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases, leading to massive losses and high death rates worldwide. Topical delivery of nutraceuticals is considered a suitable approach for efficient and safe treatment of skin cancer. Nobiletin; a flavone occurring in citrus fruits has been reported to inhibit proliferation of carcinogenesis since 1990s, is a promising candidate in this regard. Nobiletin was loaded in various vesicular systems to improve its cytotoxicity against skin cancer. Vesicles were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, TEM, ex-vivo skin deposition and physical stability. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) and composite transfersomes exhibited particle size 126.70 ± 11.80 nm, 110.10 ± 0.90 nm, zeta potential + 6.10 ± 0.40 mV, + 9.80 ± 2.60 mV, entrapment efficiency 93.50% ± 3.60, 95.60% ± 1.50 and total skin deposition 95.30% ± 3.40, 100.00% ± 2.80, respectively. These formulations were selected for cytotoxicity study on epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Nobiletin-loaded composite PEVs displayed the lowest IC50 value, thus was selected for the in vivo study, where it restored skin condition in DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis mice, as delineated by histological and immuno-histochemical analysis, biochemical assessment of skin oxidative stress biomarkers, in addition to miRNA21 and miRNA29A. The outcomes confirmed that nobiletin- loaded composite PEVs is an efficient delivery system combating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11561, Egypt.
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
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Ali AH, Wei W, Wang X. A review of milk gangliosides: Occurrence, biosynthesis, identification, and nutritional and functional significance. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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