1
|
Qiao Y, Yang R, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhao L, Huo P, Wang Z, Bu D, Wu Y, Zhao Y. DeepFusion: A deep bimodal information fusion network for unraveling protein-RNA interactions using in vivo RNA structures. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:617-625. [PMID: 38274994 PMCID: PMC10808905 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators, and the malfunctions of RBP-RNA binding lead to diverse human diseases. However, prediction of RBP binding sites is largely based on RNA sequence features, whereas in vivo RNA structural features based on high-throughput sequencing are rarely incorporated. Here, we designed a deep bimodal information fusion network called DeepFusion for unraveling protein-RNA interactions by incorporating structural features derived from DMS-seq data. DeepFusion integrates two sub-models to extract local motif-like information and long-term context information. We show that DeepFusion performs best compared with other cutting-edge methods with only sequence inputs on two datasets. DeepFusion's performance is further improved with bimodal input after adding in vivo DMS-seq structural features. Furthermore, DeepFusion can be used for analyzing RNA degradation, demonstrating significantly different RBP-binding scores in genes with slow degradation rates versus those with rapid degradation rates. DeepFusion thus provides enhanced abilities for further analysis of functional RNAs. DeepFusion's code and data are available at http://bioinfo.org/deepfusion/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Qiao
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lianhe Zhao
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peipei Huo
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dechao Bu
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parodis I, Lindblom J, Barturen G, Ortega-Castro R, Cervera R, Pers JO, Genre F, Hiepe F, Gerosa M, Kovács L, De Langhe E, Piantoni S, Stummvoll G, Vasconcelos C, Vigone B, Witte T, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Beretta L. Molecular characterisation of lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) and DORIS remission by whole-blood transcriptome-based pathways in a pan-European systemic lupus erythematosus cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:889-900. [PMID: 38373843 PMCID: PMC11187369 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To unveil biological milieus underlying low disease activity (LDA) and remission versus active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We determined differentially expressed pathways (DEPs) in SLE patients from the PRECISESADS project (NTC02890121) stratified into patients fulfilling and not fulfilling the criteria of (1) Lupus LDA State (LLDAS), (2) Definitions of Remission in SLE remission, and (3) LLDAS exclusive of remission. RESULTS We analysed data from 321 patients; 40.8% were in LLDAS, and 17.4% in DORIS remission. After exclusion of patients in remission, 28.3% were in LLDAS. Overall, 604 pathways differed significantly in LLDAS versus non-LLDAS patients with an false-discovery rate-corrected p (q)<0.05 and a robust effect size (dr)≥0.36. Accordingly, 288 pathways differed significantly between DORIS remitters and non-remitters (q<0.05 and dr≥0.36). DEPs yielded distinct molecular clusters characterised by differential serological, musculoskeletal, and renal activity. Analysis of partially overlapping samples showed no DEPs between LLDAS and DORIS remission. Drug repurposing potentiality for treating SLE was unveiled, as were important pathways underlying active SLE whose modulation could aid attainment of LLDAS/remission, including toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) activity, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-related inhibitory signalling, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time molecular signalling pathways distinguishing LLDAS/remission from active SLE. LLDAS/remission was associated with reversal of biological processes related to SLE pathogenesis and specific clinical manifestations. DEP clustering by remission better grouped patients compared with LLDAS, substantiating remission as the ultimate treatment goal in SLE; however, the lack of substantial pathway differentiation between the two states justifies LLDAS as an acceptable goal from a biological perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Julius Lindblom
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain, Medical Genomics, Granada, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hopital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Fernanda Genre
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ellen De Langhe
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Vigone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain, Medical Genomics, Granada, Spain
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ala U, Fagoonee S. RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1388294. [PMID: 38903178 PMCID: PMC11187294 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1388294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a persistent inflammatory liver condition that affects the bile ducts and is commonly diagnosed in young individuals. Despite efforts to incorporate various clinical, biochemical and molecular parameters for diagnosing PSC, it remains challenging, and no biomarkers characteristic of the disease have been identified hitherto. PSC is linked with an uncertain prognosis, and there is a pressing need to explore multiomics databases to establish a new biomarker panel for the early detection of PSC's gradual progression into Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Apart from non-coding RNAs, other components of the Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, such as RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs), also hold great promise as biomarkers due to their versatile expression in pathological conditions. In the present review, an update on the RBP transcripts that show dysregulated expression in PSC and CCA is provided. Moreover, by utilizing a bioinformatic data mining approach, we give insight into those RBP transcripts that also exhibit differential expression in liver and gall bladder, as well as in body fluids, and are promising as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of PSC. Expression data were bioinformatically extracted from public repositories usingTCGA Bile Duct Cancer dataset for CCA and specific NCBI GEO datasets for both PSC and CCA; more specifically, RBPs annotations were obtained from RBP World database. Interestingly, our comprehensive analysis shows an elevated expression of the non-canonical RBPs, FANCD2, as well as the microtubule dynamics regulator, ASPM, transcripts in the body fluids of patients with PSC and CCA compared with their respective controls, with the same trend in expression being observed in gall bladder and liver cancer tissues. Consequently, the manipulation of tissue expression of RBP transcripts might be considered as a strategy to mitigate the onset of CCA in PSC patients, and warrants further experimental investigation. The analysis performed herein may be helpful in the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of PSC and for predicting its progression into CCA. In conclusion, future clinical research should investigate in more depth the full potential of RBP transcripts as biomarkers for human pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Yang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li H. Bioinformatic Analysis of Roquin Family Reveals Their Potential Role in Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5859. [PMID: 38892048 PMCID: PMC11172303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Roquin family is a recognized RNA-binding protein family that plays vital roles in regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory target gene mRNA during the immune process in mammals. However, the evolutionary status of the Roquin family across metazoans remains elusive, and limited studies are found in fish species. In this study, we discovered that the RC3H genes underwent a single round of gene duplication from a primitive ancestor during evolution from invertebrates to vertebrates. Furthermore, there were instances of species-specific gene loss events or teleost lineage-specific gene duplications throughout evolution. Domain/motif organization and selective pressure analysis revealed that Roquins exhibit high homology both within members of the family within the same species and across species. The three rc3h genes in zebrafish displayed similar expression patterns in early embryos and adult tissues, with rc3h1b showing the most prominent expression among them. Additionally, the promoter regions of the zebrafish rc3h genes contained numerous transcription factor binding sites similar to those of mammalian homologs. Moreover, the interaction protein network of Roquin and the potential binding motif in the 3'-UTR of putative target genes analysis both indicated that Roquins have the potential to degrade target mRNA through mechanisms similar to those of mammalian homologs. These findings shed light on the evolutionary history of Roquin among metazoans and hypothesized their role in the immune systems of zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Cheng X, Zhou C, Huang S, Zhao W, Zong Z, Yang L. Targeting the "tumor microenvironment": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in colorectal cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111876. [PMID: 38493688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate among cancers. The development of CRC involves both genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and recent research has focused on exploring the ex-transcriptome, particularly post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional events. Dysregulation of RBPs can result in aberrant expression of downstream target genes, thereby affecting the progression of colorectal tumors and the prognosis of patients. Recent studies have shown that RBPs can influence CRC pathogenesis and progression by regulating various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although previous research on RBPs has primarily focused on their direct regulation of colorectal tumor development, their involvement in the remodeling of the TME has not been systematically reported. This review aims to highlight the significant role of RBPs in the intricate interactions within the CRC tumor microenvironment, including tumor immune microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, extracellular matrix, tumor vasculature, and CRC cancer stem cells. We also highlight several compounds under investigation for RBP-TME-based treatment of CRC, including small molecule inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, agonists, gene manipulation, and tumor vaccines. The insights gained from this review may lead to the development of RBP-based targeted novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, potentially inhibiting the progression and metastasis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The 3rd Clinical Department of China Medical University, 10159 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Z, Liu X, Xie F, Ma C, Lam EWF, Kang N, Jin D, Yan J, Jin B. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies the RNA-binding protein LRPPRC as a novel prognostic and immune biomarker. Life Sci 2024; 343:122527. [PMID: 38417544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and immunotherapy. Leucine-rich pentapeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC) is crucial for RNA polyadenylation, transport, and stability. Although recent studies have suggested LRPPRC's potential role in tumor progression, its significance in tumor prognosis, diagnosis, and immunology remains unclear. MAIN METHODS We comprehensively analyzed LRPPRC expression in tumors using various databases, including Human Transcriptome Cell Atlas (HTCA), University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Sangerbox, TISIDB, GeneMANIA, GSCALite, and CellMiner. We examined the correlation between LRPPRC expression level and prognosis, immune infiltration, immunotherapy, methylation, biological function, and drug sensitivity. Single-cell analysis was performed using Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub (TISCH) and CancerSEA software. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were categorized based on LRPPRC levels for functional and immune infiltration analyses. The role of LRPPRC in cancer was validated using in vitro experiments. KEY FINDINGS Our findings revealed that LRPPRC was highly expressed in almost all cancer types, indicating its significant prognostic and diagnostic potential. Notably, LRPPRC was associated with diverse immune features, such as immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability, suggesting its value in guiding immunotherapy strategies. Within AML, the high-expression group had lower levels of immune cells, including CD8+ T cells. In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effects of LRPPRC knockdown on AML cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights LRPPRC as a reliable pan-cancer prognostic and immune biomarker, particularly in AML. It lays the groundwork for future research on LRPPRC-targeted cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China; Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ning Kang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawai T, Ikegawa M, Ori D, Akira S. Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:649-673. [PMID: 38599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs, categorized into cell surface and endosomal subfamilies, recognize diverse PAMPs, and structural elucidation of TLRs and PAMP complexes has revealed their intricate mechanisms. TLRs activate common and specific signaling pathways to shape immune responses. Recent studies have shown the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Despite their protective functions, aberrant responses of TLRs contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the delicate balance between TLR activation and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for deciphering their dual role in immune defense and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the history of TLR discovery, elucidation of TLR ligands and signaling pathways, and their relevance to various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan; Life Science Collaboration Center (LiSCo), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DSS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Watanabe T, Hayashi S, Zhaoyu Y, Inada H, Nagaoka K, Tateyama M, Tanaka Y. A novel, small anti-HBV compound reduces HBsAg and HBV-DNA by destabilizing HBV-RNA. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:315-328. [PMID: 38315437 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, standard treatments for chronic hepatitis B such as nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs), effectively reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) loads but rarely result in a functional cure (defined as sustained HBsAg loss). We report the discovery of a novel, 4-pyridone compound, SAG-524, a potent and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of HBV replication. METHODS The antiviral characteristics and selectivity of SAG-524 and its derivative compound against HBV were evaluated in HBV-infection assays and HBV-infected chimeric urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immunodeficiency mice with humanized livers (PXB mice), alone or in combination with entecavir. Toxicity studies were conducted in mice and monkeys. RESULTS SAG-524 reduced HBV-DNA (IC50 = 0.92 nM) and HBsAg (IC50 = 1.4 nM) in the supernatant of the HepG2.2.15 cells. SAG-524 selectively destabilized HBV-RNA via PAPD5, but not GAPDH or albumin mRNA, by shortening the poly(A) tail. PAPD5 may also be involved in HBV regulation via ELAVL1. In a study of HBV-infected PXB mice, SAG-524 produced potent reductions of serum HBsAg and HBcrAg, and the minimum effective dose was estimated to be 6 mg/kg/day. The combination therapy with entecavir greatly reduced HBsAg and cccDNA in the liver due to reduction of human hepatocytes with good tolerability. Administration of SAG-524 to monkeys, up to 1000 mg/kg/day for two weeks, led to no significant toxicity, as determined by blood tests and pathological images. CONCLUSIONS We have identified SAG-524 as novel and orally bioavailable HBV-RNA destabilizers which can reduce HBsAg and HBV-DNA levels, and possibly contribute a functional cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yan Zhaoyu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masakuni Tateyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bolduan V, Palzer KA, Hieber C, Schunke J, Fichter M, Schneider P, Grabbe S, Pautz A, Bros M. The mRNA-Binding Protein KSRP Limits the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3884. [PMID: 38612694 PMCID: PMC11011855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding protein with multiple functions. It is known to bind AU-rich motifs within the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA species, which in many cases encode dynamically regulated proteins like cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the role of KSRP for the immunophenotype of macrophages using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from wild-type (WT) and KSRP-/- mice. RNA sequencing revealed that KSRP-/- BMDM displayed significantly higher mRNA expression levels of genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses, particularly type I interferon responses, following LPS stimulation. In line, time kinetics studies revealed increased levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA in KSRP-/- macrophages after 6 h subsequent to LPS stimulation as compared to WT cultures. At the protein level, KSRP-/- BMDM displayed higher levels of these cytokines after overnight stimulation. Matching results were observed for primary peritoneal macrophages of KSRP-/- mice. These showed higher IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL1) and CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) protein levels in response to LPS stimulation than the WT controls. As macrophages play a key role in sepsis, the in vivo relevance of KSRP deficiency for cytokine/chemokine production was analyzed in an acute inflammation model. In agreement with our in vitro findings, KSRP-deficient animals showed higher cytokine production upon LPS administration in comparison to WT mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that KSRP constitutes an important negative regulator of cytokine expression in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kim-Alicia Palzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany (A.P.)
| | - Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Schunke
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Fichter
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany (A.P.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramos-Velasco B, Naranjo R, Izquierdo JM. Bibliometric Overview on T-Cell Intracellular Antigens and Their Pathological Implications. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:195. [PMID: 38534464 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) and TIA1-like/related protein (TIAL1/TIAR) are two members of the classical family of RNA binding proteins. Through their selective interactions with distinct RNAs and proteins, these multifunctional regulators are involved in chromatin remodeling, RNA splicing and processing and translation regulation, linking them to a wide range of diseases including neuronal disorders, cancer and other pathologies. From their discovery to the present day, many studies have focused on the behavior of these proteins in order to understand their impact on molecular and cellular processes and to understand their relationship to human pathologies. The volume of research on these proteins in various fields, including molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and cancer, has steadily increased, indicating a growing interest in these gene expression regulators among researchers. This information can be used to know the most productive institutions working in the field, understand the focus of research, identify key areas of involvement, delve deeper into their relationship and impact on different diseases, and to establish the level of study associated with them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ramos-Velasco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Naranjo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Izquierdo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Chen H, Jiang Q, Yang L, Zhu R, Huang N. Genome-wide identification of dysregulated alternative splicing and RNA-binding proteins involved in atopic dermatitis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1287111. [PMID: 38495671 PMCID: PMC10940350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1287111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We explored the role and molecular mechanisms of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: We downloaded RNA-seq data (GSE121212) from 10 healthy control skin samples (healthy, Ctrl), 10 non-lesional skin samples with AD damage (non-lesional, NL), and 10 lesional skin samples with AD damage (lesional, LS). We performed the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed RBPs (DE-RBPs), alternative splicing (AS), functional enrichment, the co-expression of RBPs and RASEs, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: We identified 60 DE-RBP genes by intersecting 2141 RBP genes from existing reports with overall 2697 DEGs. Most of the DE-RBP genes were found to be upregulated in the AD LS group and related to immune and apoptosis pathways. We observed different ASEs and RASEs among the healthy, AD NL, and AD LS groups. In particular, alt3p and alt5p were the main ASEs and RASEs in AD NL and AD LS groups, compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, we constructed co-expression networks of DE-RBPs and RAS, with particular enrichment in biological pathways including cytoskeleton organization, inflammation, and immunity. Subsequently, we selected seven genes that are commonly present in these three pathways to assess their expression levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both healthy individuals and AD patients. The results demonstrated the upregulation of four genes (IFI16, S100A9, PKM, and ENO1) in the PBMCs of AD patients, which is highly consistent with DE-RBP genes analysis. Finally, we selected four RAS genes regulated by RBPs that were related to immune pathways and examined their RASEs in PBMCs from both AD patients and healthy controls. The results revealed an increased percentage of RASEs in the DDX60 gene in AD, which is highly consistent with AS analysis. Conclusion: Dysregulated RBPs and their associated RASEs may have a significant regulatory role in the development of AD and could be potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nan Huang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao Y, Chen J, Zheng H, Luo Y, An M, Lin Y, Pang M, Li Y, Kong Y, He W, Lin T, Chen C. SUMOylation-Driven mRNA Circularization Enhances Translation and Promotes Lymphatic Metastasis of Bladder Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:434-448. [PMID: 37991737 PMCID: PMC10831341 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression is a prominent feature of metastatic cancer. Translational initiation is a vital step in fine-tuning gene expression. Thus, exploring translation initiation regulators may identify therapeutic targets for preventing and treating metastasis. Herein, we identified that DHCR24 was overexpressed in lymph node (LN) metastatic bladder cancer and correlated with poor prognosis of patients. DHCR24 promoted lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DHCR24 mediated and recognized the SUMO2 modification at lysine 108 of hnRNPA2B1 to foster TBK1 mRNA circularization and eIF4F initiation complex assembly by enhancing hnRNPA2B1-eIF4G1 interaction. Moreover, DHCR24 directly anchored to TBK1 mRNA 3'-untranslated region to increase its stability, thus forming a feed forward loop to elevate TBK1 expression. TBK1 activated PI3K/Akt signaling to promote VEGFC secretion, resulting in lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis. DHCR24 silencing significantly impeded bladder cancer lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in a patient-derived xenograft model. Collectively, these findings elucidate DHCR24-mediated translation machinery that promotes lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer and supports the potential application of DHCR24-targeted therapy for LN-metastatic bladder cancer. SIGNIFICANCE DHCR24 is a SUMOylation regulator that controls translation initiation complex assembly and orchestrates TBK1 mRNA circularization to activate Akt/VEGFC signaling, which stimulates lymphangiogenesis and promotes lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hanhao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie An
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Pang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yao Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng X, Chen J, Deng M, Ning K, Peng Y, Liu Z, Li X, Zhou Z, Tang H, Li Y, Kang T, Liu Z. G3BP1 and SLU7 Jointly Promote Immune Evasion by Downregulating MHC-I via PI3K/Akt Activation in Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305922. [PMID: 38084438 PMCID: PMC10870071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise as second-line treatment for advanced bladder cancer (BLCA); however, their responsiveness is limited by the immune evasion mechanisms in tumor cells. This study conduct a Cox regression analysis to screen mRNA-binding proteins and reveals an association between Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and diminished effectiveness of ICI therapy in patients with advanced BLCA. Subsequent investigation demonstrates that G3BP1 enhances immune evasion in BLCA cells by downregulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling activation. Mechanistically, G3BP1 interacts with splicing factor synergistic lethal with U5 snRNA 7 (SLU7) to form a complex with poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1. This complex stabilizes the closed-loop structure of the mRNAs of class IA PI3Ks and consequently facilitates their translation and stabilization, thereby activating PI3K/Akt signaling to downregulate MHC-I. Consistently, targeting G3BP1 with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) impedes immune evasion and sensitizes BLCA cells to anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibodies in mice. Thus, G3BP1 and SLU7 collaboratively contribute to immune evasion in BLCA, indicating that EGCG is a precision therapeutic agent to enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianchong Zheng
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- Department of UrologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan)Foshan528000P. R. China
| | - Minhua Deng
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yulu Peng
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Gansu HospitalLanzhou730000P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Zhao M, Lu X, Du P, Feng S, Gong R, Chen H, Qi G, Yang F. HuR deficiency abrogated the enhanced NLRP3 signaling in experimental ischemic stroke. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23342. [PMID: 38038724 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300812r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a universally expressed RNA-binding protein that plays an essential role in governing the fate of mRNA transcripts. Accumulating evidence indicated that HuR is involved in the development and functions of several cell types. However, its role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) remains unclear. In this study, we found that HuR was significantly upregulated after CIRI. Moreover, we found that silencing HuR could inhibit the inflammatory response of microglia and reduce the damage to neurons caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion treatment. In vivo, we found that microglial HuR deficiency significantly ameliorated CIRI and reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, we found that HuR could regulate NLRP3 mRNA stability by binding to the AU-rich element (ARE) region within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of NLRP3 mRNA. In addition, we found that the upregulation of HuR was dependent on the upregulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS accumulation. Collectively, our studies revealed that HuR could regulate NLRP3 expression and that HuR deficiency abrogated the enhanced NLRP3 signaling in experimental ischemic stroke. Targeting HuR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiulian Lu
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jining, China
| | - Pengchao Du
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaobin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruo Gong
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jining, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoliang Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zong HX, Liu YQ, Wang XL, Miao JY, Luo LP, Wang JX, Chu YR, Tong WQ, Zhao X, Xu SQ. RIOK3 potentially regulates osteogenesis-related pathways in ankylosing spondylitis and the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Genomics 2023; 115:110730. [PMID: 37866658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are key effectors of gene expression, play critical roles in inflammation and immune regulation. However, the potential biological function of RBPs in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of five patients with AS and three healthy persons by RNA-seq, obtained differentially expressed RBPs by overlapping DEGs and RBPs summary table. RIOK3 was selected as a target RBP and knocked down in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs), and transcriptomic studies of siRIOK3 mBMSCs were performed again using RNA-seq. Results showed that RIOK3 knockdown inhibited the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation, ribosome function, and β-interferon pathways in mBMSCs. In vitro experiments have shown that RIOK3 knockdown reduced the osteogenic differentiation ability of mBMSCs. Collectively, RIOK3 may affect the differentiation of mBMSCs and participate in the pathogenesis of AS, especially pathological bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Xiang Zong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Qian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi-le Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie-Yu Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Ping Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Tong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng-Qian Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lodde V, Floris M, Zoroddu E, Zarbo IR, Idda ML. RNA-binding proteins in autoimmunity: From genetics to molecular biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1772. [PMID: 36658783 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic pathologies generated by the loss of immune tolerance to the body's own cells and tissues. There is growing recognition that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) critically govern immunity in healthy and pathological conditions by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally at all levels: nuclear mRNA splicing and modification, export to the cytoplasm, as well as cytoplasmic mRNA transport, storage, editing, stability, and translation. Despite enormous efforts to identify new therapies for ADs, definitive solutions are not yet available in many instances. Recognizing that many ADs have a strong genetic component, we have explored connections between the molecular biology and the genetics of RBPs in ADs. Here, we review the genetics and molecular biology of RBPs in four major ADs, multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We anticipate that gaining insights into the genetics and biology of ADs can facilitate the discovery of new therapies. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico Zoroddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roberto Zarbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari - Neurology Unit Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research - National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ladjevac N, Milovanovic M, Jevtovic A, Arsenijevic D, Stojanovic B, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Stojanovic B, Arsenijevic N, Arsenijevic A, Milovanovic J. The Role of IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9874. [PMID: 37373022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the inflammatory mechanisms underlying formation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is crucial for discovering new targeted therapeutics. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 has proven roles in tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. The presence of IL-17 is demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo models, and in OSCC patients, is mostly accompanied by enhanced proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. Here we review the known facts regarding the role of IL-17 in OSCC pathogenesis, namely the IL-17 mediated production of proinflammatory mediators that mobilize and activate myeloid cells with suppressive and proangiogenic activities and proliferative signals that directly induce proliferation of cancer cells and stem cells. The possibility of a potential IL-17 blockade in OSCC therapy is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Ladjevac
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital Uzice, 31000 Uzice, Serbia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andra Jevtovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Histology end Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qadir J, Wen SY, Yuan H, Yang BB. CircRNAs regulate the crosstalk between inflammation and tumorigenesis: The bilateral association and molecular mechanisms. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1514-1532. [PMID: 36518080 PMCID: PMC10278049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Chronic inflammation provides a favorable environment for tumorigenesis by inducing immunosuppression, whereas acute inflammation prompts tumor suppression by generating anti-tumor immune responses. Inflammatory factors derived from interstitial cells or tumor cells can stimulate cell proliferation and survival by modulating oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. Recently, a new class of RNAs, i.e., circular RNAs (circRNAs), has been implicated in inflammatory diseases. Although there are reports on circRNAs imparting functions in inflammatory insults, whether these circularized transcripts hold the potential to regulate inflammation-induced cancer or tumor-related inflammation, and modulate the interactions between tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inflammatory stromal/immune cells, awaits further elucidation. Contextually, the current review describes the molecular association between inflammation and cancer, and spotlights the regulatory mechanisms by which circRNAs can moderate TME in response to inflammatory signals/triggers. We also present comprehensive information about the immune cell(s)-specific expression and functions of the circRNAs in TME, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways to drive tumorigenesis, and their plausible roles in inflammasomes and tumor development. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of these circRNAs in harnessing inflammatory responses in cancer is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Qadir
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shuo-Yang Wen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Yuan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Popović B, Nicolet BP, Guislain A, Engels S, Jurgens AP, Paravinja N, Freen-van Heeren JJ, van Alphen FPJ, van den Biggelaar M, Salerno F, Wolkers MC. Time-dependent regulation of cytokine production by RNA binding proteins defines T cell effector function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112419. [PMID: 37074914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent T cell responses against infections and malignancies require a rapid yet tightly regulated production of toxic effector molecules. Their production level is defined by post-transcriptional events at 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators in this process. With an RNA aptamer-based capture assay, we identify >130 RBPs interacting with IFNG, TNF, and IL2 3' UTRs in human T cells. RBP-RNA interactions show plasticity upon T cell activation. Furthermore, we uncover the intricate and time-dependent regulation of cytokine production by RBPs: whereas HuR supports early cytokine production, ZFP36L1, ATXN2L, and ZC3HAV1 dampen and shorten the production duration, each at different time points. Strikingly, even though ZFP36L1 deletion does not rescue the dysfunctional phenotype, tumor-infiltrating T cells produce more cytokines and cytotoxic molecules, resulting in superior anti-tumoral T cell responses. Our findings thus show that identifying RBP-RNA interactions reveals key modulators of T cell responses in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Popović
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benoît P Nicolet
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Guislain
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Engels
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk P Jurgens
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natali Paravinja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian J Freen-van Heeren
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floris P J van Alphen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Fiamma Salerno
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu J, Liu X, Wu S, Zhang D, Liu X, Xia P, Ling J, Zheng K, Xu M, Shen Y, Zhang J, Yu P. RNA-binding proteins in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): From mechanism to therapy. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:21-37. [PMID: 36682800 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally and seriously increases the public health burden, affecting approximately one quarter of the world population. Recently, RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-related pathogenesis of MAFLD has received increasing attention. RBPs, vividly called the gate keepers of MAFLD, play an important role in the development of MAFLD through transcription regulation, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, stability and subcellular localization. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of different RBPs in the occurrence and development of MAFLD, as well as list some drugs that can improve MAFLD by targeting RBPs. Considering the important role of RBPs in the development of MAFLD, elucidating the RNA regulatory networks involved in RBPs will facilitate the design of new drugs and biomarkers discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Medical Care Strategic Customer Department, China Merchants Bank Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang S, Xu X, Zhang A, Wang Y, Ji G, Sun C, Li H. The evolution and immunomodulatory role of Zc3h12 proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124214. [PMID: 37001786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Zc3h12 family is an important RNA-binding protein family regulating mRNA of inflammatory cytokines in mammals. However, there are few studies on their post-transcriptional level regulation of inflammatory cytokines in fish. Here, we investigated the evolution of zebrafish Zc3h12 family and explored their immunomodulatory role. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis indicated the number of zc3h12 family members had increased ranging from a single member in invertebrates to a single copy of four members in mammals. As the most evolutionarily diverse group of vertebrates, the number of zc3h12 family members was more complex and diverse in the teleost, each member experienced different fates and followed different rules in multiple rounds of whole-genome duplication events. Thereinto, zebrafish contained three zc3h12 genes, among which zc3h12aa and zc3h12ab were duplicated from the same gene. Zebrafish Zc3h12 family could recognize the 3'-UTR regions of inflammatory cytokines through binding to the specific RNA secondary structure and negatively regulate their expression. Deletion of either Zc3h12 domains or mutation of the key amino acid in RNAase domain attenuated their modulatory effect, suggesting both domain and RNAase activity are important to the immunomodulatory role. These results elucidated the evolution of Zc3h12 family and uncovered Zc3h12-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of cytokines in zebrafish.
Collapse
|
22
|
RBP-RNA interactions in the control of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Cell Res 2023; 33:97-115. [PMID: 36599968 PMCID: PMC9892603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation arise from aberrant immunological and inflammatory responses toward self-components, contributing to various autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for immune cell development and function, mainly via exerting post-transcriptional regulation of RNA metabolism and function. Functional dysregulation of RBPs and abnormities in RNA metabolism are closely associated with multiple autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Distinct RBPs play critical roles in aberrant autoreactive inflammatory responses via orchestrating a complex regulatory network consisting of DNAs, RNAs and proteins within immune cells. In-depth characterizations of RBP-RNA interactomes during autoimmunity and autoinflammation will lead to a better understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of RBP-RNA interactions in controlling aberrant autoimmune inflammation and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
23
|
Konstorum A, Mohanty S, Zhao Y, Melillo A, Vander Wyk B, Nelson A, Tsang S, Blevins TP, Belshe R, Chawla DG, Rondina MT, Gill TM, Montgomery RR, Allore HG, Kleinstein SH, Shaw AC. Platelet response to influenza vaccination reflects effects of aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13749. [PMID: 36656789 PMCID: PMC9924941 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are uniquely positioned as mediators of not only hemostasis but also innate immunity. However, how age and geriatric conditions such as frailty influence platelet function during an immune response remains unclear. We assessed the platelet transcriptome at baseline and following influenza vaccination in Younger (age 21-35) and Older (age ≥65) adults (including community-dwelling individuals who were largely non-frail and skilled nursing facility (SNF)-resident adults who nearly all met criteria for frailty). Prior to vaccination, we observed an age-associated increase in the expression of platelet activation and mitochondrial RNAs and decrease in RNAs encoding proteins mediating translation. Age-associated differences were also identified in post-vaccination response trajectories over 28 days. Using tensor decomposition analysis, we found increasing RNA expression of genes in platelet activation pathways in young participants, but decreasing levels in (SNF)-resident adults. Translation RNA trajectories were inversely correlated with these activation pathways. Enhanced platelet activation was found in community-dwelling older adults at the protein level, compared to young individuals both prior to and post-vaccination; whereas SNF residents showed decreased platelet activation compared to community-dwelling older adults that could reflect the influence of decreased translation RNA expression. Our results reveal alterations in the platelet transcriptome and activation responses that may contribute to age-associated chronic inflammation and the increased incidence of thrombotic and pro-inflammatory diseases in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Anthony Melillo
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Allison Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sui Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Tamara P. Blevins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Robert B. Belshe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Daniel G. Chawla
- Program in Computational Biology and BioinformaticsYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and the Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Medicine and the GRECCGeorge E. Wahlen VAMCSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Thomas M. Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Heather G. Allore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Program in Computational Biology and BioinformaticsYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Forbes Beadle L, Love JC, Shapovalova Y, Artemev A, Rattray M, Ashe HL. Combined modelling of mRNA decay dynamics and single-molecule imaging in the Drosophila embryo uncovers a role for P-bodies in 5' to 3' degradation. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001956. [PMID: 36649329 PMCID: PMC9882958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA degradation is critical for a diverse array of cellular processes and developmental cell fate decisions. Many methods for determining mRNA half-lives rely on transcriptional inhibition or metabolic labelling. Here, we use a non-invasive method for estimating half-lives for hundreds of mRNAs in the early Drosophila embryo. This approach uses the intronic and exonic reads from a total RNA-seq time series and Gaussian process regression to model the dynamics of premature and mature mRNAs. We show how regulation of mRNA stability is used to establish a range of mature mRNA dynamics during embryogenesis, despite shared transcription profiles. Using single-molecule imaging, we provide evidence that, for the mRNAs tested, there is a correlation between short half-life and mRNA association with P-bodies. Moreover, we detect an enrichment of mRNA 3' ends in P-bodies in the early embryo, consistent with 5' to 3' degradation occurring in P-bodies for at least a subset of mRNAs. We discuss our findings in relation to recently published data suggesting that the primary function of P-bodies in other biological contexts is mRNA storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Forbes Beadle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C. Love
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yuliya Shapovalova
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artem Artemev
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MR); (HLA)
| | - Hilary L. Ashe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MR); (HLA)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li W, Wang X, Li C, Chen T, Zhou X, Li Z, Yang Q. Identification and validation of an m6A-related gene signature to predict prognosis and evaluate immune features of breast cancer. Hum Cell 2023; 36:393-408. [PMID: 36403174 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer, and it is accompanied by high heterogeneity. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification significantly contributes to breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. However, how m6A-related genes affect the clinical outcomes and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of breast cancer is largely unknown. Our study developed an m6A-related gene signature on the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The m6A-related gene signature was constructed using univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Breast cancer patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups depending on the median risk score. The reliability and efficiency of the signature were validated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and principal component analysis (PCA). The risk score was validated as an independent indicator associated with overall survival, and a nomogram model was created to estimate the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Functional annotation suggested that the risk score had a strong relationship with immune-related pathways. Different proportions of immune cell infiltration between the two groups were evaluated using various algorithms. The high-risk group had higher immune checkpoint expression levels. We discovered that one of the 6 prognostic genes, TMEM71, was downregulated in breast cancer tissues. In vitro experiments indicated that overexpression of TMEM71 suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the m6A-related gene signature may be a sensitive biomarker for overall survival prediction and guide the individualized treatment for breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xianyong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, JinanShandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Z, Deng H, Jin Y, Luo M, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang K, Wang L, Zhou J. Circular RNAs: biology and clinical significance of breast cancer. RNA Biol 2023; 20:859-874. [PMID: 37882644 PMCID: PMC10730165 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2272468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures that can regulate eukaryotic gene expression. Due to their stable structure, circRNAs are widely distributed in the cytoplasm and have important biological functions, including as microRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein conjugates, transcription regulators, and translation templates. Breast cancer is among the most common malignant cancers diagnosed in women worldwide. Despite the development of comprehensive treatments, breast cancer still has high mortality rates. Recent studies have unmasked critical roles for circRNAs in breast cancer as regulators of tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. Further, research has revealed that some circRNAs have the potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in clinical practice. Herein, we review the biogenesis and biological functions of circRNAs, as well as their roles in different breast cancer subtypes. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive summary of the clinical significance of circRNAs in breast cancer. CircRNAs are believed to be a hot focus in basic and clinical research of breast cancer, and innovative future research directions of circRNAs could be used as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or novel drugs.Abbreviations: CeRNA: Competitive endogenous RNA; ciRNA: Circular intronic RNA; circRNA: Circular RNA; EIciRNA: Exon-intron circRNA; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; IRES: Internal ribosome entry site; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; miRNA: MicroRNA; MRE: MiRNA response element; ncRNA: Non-coding RNA; RBP: RNA-binding protein; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Hao Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng M, Wang X, Xiong Z, Tang P. Control of RNA degradation in cell fate decision. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1164546. [PMID: 37025171 PMCID: PMC10070868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1164546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell fate is shaped by a unique gene expression program, which reflects the concerted action of multilayered precise regulation. Substantial research attention has been paid to the contribution of RNA biogenesis to cell fate decisions. However, increasing evidence shows that RNA degradation, well known for its function in RNA processing and the surveillance of aberrant transcripts, is broadly engaged in cell fate decisions, such as maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), stem cell differentiation, or somatic cell reprogramming. In this review, we first look at the diverse RNA degradation pathways in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Then, we summarize how selective transcript clearance is regulated and integrated into the gene expression regulation network for the establishment, maintenance, and exit from a special cellular state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Deng
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roles of RNA-binding proteins in immune diseases and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:310-324. [PMID: 35351611 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic information that is transcribed from DNA to mRNA, and then translated from mRNA to protein, is regulated by complex and sophisticated post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, it has become clear that mRNA degradation not only acts to remove unnecessary mRNA, but is also closely associated with the regulation of translation initiation, and is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been reported to play central roles in the mechanisms of mRNA stability and translation initiation through various signal transduction pathways, and to modulate gene expression faster than the transcription process via post-transcriptional modifications in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli, without de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand, inflammation is necessary for the elimination of pathogens associated with infection, and is tightly controlled to avoid the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It is increasingly becoming clear that RBPs play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of these immune responses. Furthermore, it has been shown that the aberrant regulation of RBPs leads to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Although it has been recognized since the time of Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century that cancer-associated inflammation contributes to tumor onset and progression, involvement of the disruption of the balance between anti-tumor immunity via the immune surveillance system and pro-tumor immunity by cancer-associated inflammation in the malignant transformation of cancer remains elusive. Recently, the dysregulated expression and activation of representative RBPs involved in regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be involved in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the functional roles of these RBPs in several types of immune responses, and the involvement of RBP dysregulation in the pathogenesis of immune diseases and cancer, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies against cancer by targeting RBPs, coupled with immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li J, Zhang X, Ren P, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang Z, Chao P. Landscape of RNA-binding proteins in diagnostic utility, immune cell infiltration and PANoptosis features of heart failure. Front Genet 2022; 13:1004163. [PMID: 36313471 PMCID: PMC9614340 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1004163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Heart failure remains a global public health problem linked to rising morbidity and mortality. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators in post-transcriptionally determining gene expression. Our study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the diagnostic utility and biological roles of RBPs in heart failure. Methods: Genomic data of human failing and nonfailing left ventricular myocardium specimens were retrieved from the GEO datasets. Heart failure-specific RBPs were screened with differential expression analyses, and RBP-based subtypes were clustered with consensus clustering approach. GSEA was implemented for comparing KEGG pathways across subtypes. RBP-based subtype-related genes were screened with WGCNA. Afterwards, characteristic genes were selected through integrating LASSO and SVM-RFE approaches. A nomogram based on characteristic genes was established and verified through calibration curve, decision curve and clinical impact curve analyses. The abundance of immune cell types was estimated with CIBERSORT approach. Results: Heart failure-specific RBPs were determined, which were remarkably linked to RNA metabolism process. Three RBP-based subtypes (namely C1, C2, C3) were established, characterized by distinct pathway activities and PANoptosis gene levels. C2 subtype presented the highest abundance of immune cells, followed by C1 and C3. Afterwards, ten characteristic genes were selected, which enabled to reliably diagnose heart failure risk. The characteristic gene-based nomogram enabled to accurately predict risk of heart failure, with the excellent clinical utility. Additionally, characteristic genes correlated to immune cell infiltration and PANoptosis genes. Conclusion: Our findings comprehensively described the roles of RBPs in heart failure. Further research is required for verifying the effectiveness of RBP-based subtypes and characteristic genes in heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Medical Administration, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaoguo Wang
- Department of Information Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzheng Zhou, ; Zhao Wang, ; Peng Chao,
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzheng Zhou, ; Zhao Wang, ; Peng Chao,
| | - Peng Chao
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzheng Zhou, ; Zhao Wang, ; Peng Chao,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Post-Transcriptional Control of mRNA Metabolism and Protein Secretion: The Third Level of Regulation within the NF-κB System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092108. [PMID: 36140209 PMCID: PMC9495616 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB system is a key transcriptional pathway that regulates innate and adaptive immunity because it triggers the activation and differentiation processes of lymphocytes and myeloid cells during immune responses. In most instances, binding to cytoplasmic inhibitory IκB proteins sequesters NF-κB into an inactive state, while a plethora of external triggers activate three complex signaling cascades that mediate the release and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB DNA-binding subunits. In addition to these cytosolic steps (level 1 of NF-κB regulation), NF-κB activity is also controlled in the nucleus by signaling events, cofactors and the chromatin environment to precisely determine chromatin recruitment and the specificity and timing of target gene transcription (level 2 of NF-κB regulation). Here, we discuss an additional layer of the NF-κB system that manifests in various steps of post-transcriptional gene expression and protein secretion. This less-studied regulatory level allows reduction of (transcriptional) noise and signal integration and endows time-shifted control of the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Detailed knowledge of these steps is important, as dysregulated post-transcriptional NF-κB signaling circuits are likely to foster chronic inflammation and contribute to the formation and maintenance of a tumor-promoting microenvironment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Velasco BR, Izquierdo JM. T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1-Like Protein in Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147836. [PMID: 35887183 PMCID: PMC9318959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1)-related/like (TIAR/TIAL1) protein is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in regulating many aspects of gene expression, independently or in combination with its paralog TIA1. TIAR was first described in 1992 by Paul Anderson’s lab in relation to the development of a cell death phenotype in immune system cells, as it possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte target cells. Similar to TIA1, it is characterized by a subcellular nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and ubiquitous expression in the cells of different tissues of higher organisms. In this paper, we review the relevant structural and functional information available about TIAR from a triple perspective (molecular, cellular and pathophysiological), paying special attention to its expression and regulation in cellular events and processes linked to human pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Krueger A, Łyszkiewicz M, Heissmeyer V. Post-transcriptional control of T-cell development in the thymus. Immunol Lett 2022; 247:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
33
|
Palzer KA, Bolduan V, Käfer R, Kleinert H, Bros M, Pautz A. The Role of KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) for Immune Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091482. [PMID: 35563788 PMCID: PMC9104899 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is one important mechanism that enables stringent and rapid modulation of cytokine, chemokines or growth factors expression, all relevant for immune or tumor cell function and communication. The RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) controls the mRNA stability of according genes by initiation of mRNA decay and inhibition of translation, and by enhancing the maturation of microRNAs. Therefore, KSRP plays a pivotal role in immune cell function and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about KSRP with regard to the regulation of immunologically relevant targets, and the functional role of KSRP on immune responses and tumorigenesis. KSRP is involved in the control of myeloid hematopoiesis. Further, KSRP-mediated mRNA decay of pro-inflammatory factors is necessary to keep immune homeostasis. In case of infection, functional impairment of KSRP is important for the induction of robust immune responses. In this regard, KSRP seems to primarily dampen T helper cell 2 immune responses. In cancer, KSRP has often been associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, aside of initiation of mRNA decay, the KSRP-mediated regulation of microRNA maturation seems to be especially important for its diverse biological functions, which warrants further in-depth examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Alicia Palzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-179276; Fax: +49-6131-179042
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ji C, Bao L, Yuan S, Qi Z, Wang F, You M, Yu G, Liu J, Cui X, Wang Z, Liu J, Guo W, Feng M, Chen F, Kang Y, Yu S. SRSF1 Deficiency Impairs the Late Thymocyte Maturation and the CD8 Single-Positive Lineage Fate Decision. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838719. [PMID: 35154164 PMCID: PMC8825371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of thymocyte development and lineage determination remain incompletely understood, and the emerging evidences demonstrated that RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are deeply involved in governing T cell fate in thymus. Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), as a classical splicing factor, is a pivotal RBP for gene expression in various biological processes. Our recent study demonstrated that SRSF1 plays essential roles in the development of late thymocytes by modulating the T cell regulatory gene networks post-transcriptionally, which are critical in response to type I interferon signaling for supporting thymocyte maturation. Here, we report SRSF1 also contributes to the determination of the CD8+ T cell fate. By specific ablation of SRSF1 in CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes, we found that SRSF1 deficiency impaired the maturation of late thymocytes and diminished the output of both CD4+ and CD8+ single positive T cells. Interestingly, the ratio of mature CD4+ to CD8+ cells was notably altered and more severe defects were exhibited in CD8+ lineage than those in CD4+ lineage, reflecting the specific function of SRSF1 in CD8+ T cell fate decision. Mechanistically, SRSF1-deficient cells downregulate their expression of Runx3, which is a crucial transcriptional regulator in sustaining CD8+ single positive (SP) thymocyte development and lineage choice. Moreover, forced expression of Runx3 partially rectified the defects in SRSF1-deficient CD8+ thymocyte maturation. Thus, our data uncovered the previous unknown role of SRSF1 in establishment of CD8+ cell identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunzong Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghao You
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Youmin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tants JN, Becker LM, McNicoll F, Müller-McNicoll M, Schlundt A. NMR-derived secondary structure of the full-length Ox40 mRNA 3'UTR and its multivalent binding to the immunoregulatory RBP Roquin. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4083-4099. [PMID: 35357505 PMCID: PMC9023295 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of posttranscriptional mRNA decay is a crucial determinant of cell homeostasis and differentiation. mRNA lifetime is governed by cis-regulatory elements in their 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). Despite ongoing progress in the identification of cis elements we have little knowledge about the functional and structural integration of multiple elements in 3′UTR regulatory hubs and their recognition by mRNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Structural analyses are complicated by inconsistent mapping and prediction of RNA fold, by dynamics, and size. We here, for the first time, provide the secondary structure of a complete mRNA 3′UTR. We use NMR spectroscopy in a divide-and-conquer strategy complemented with SAXS, In-line probing and SHAPE-seq applied to the 3′UTR of Ox40 mRNA, which encodes a T-cell co-receptor repressed by the protein Roquin. We provide contributions of RNA elements to Roquin-binding. The protein uses its extended bi-modal ROQ domain to sequentially engage in a 2:1 stoichiometry with a 3′UTR core motif. We observe differential binding of Roquin to decay elements depending on their structural embedment. Our data underpins the importance of studying RNA regulation in a full sequence and structural context. This study serves as a paradigm for an approach in analysing structured RNA-regulatory hubs and their binding by RBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Tants
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomagnetic Resonance Centre (BMRZ), Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Marie Becker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomagnetic Resonance Centre (BMRZ), Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - François McNicoll
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller-McNicoll
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomagnetic Resonance Centre (BMRZ), Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gargani S, Lourou N, Arapatzi C, Tzanos D, Saridaki M, Dushku E, Chatzimike M, Sidiropoulos ND, Andreadou M, Ntafis V, Hatzis P, Kostourou V, Kontoyiannis DL. Inactivation of AUF1 in Myeloid Cells Protects From Allergic Airway and Tumor Infiltration and Impairs the Adenosine-Induced Polarization of Pro-Angiogenic Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:752215. [PMID: 35222366 PMCID: PMC8873154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.752215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The four isoforms of the RNA-binding protein hnRNPD/AUF1 have been proposed to limit the use of inflammatory mRNAs in innate immune cells. Mice engineered to lack AUF1s in all tissues are sensitive to acute inflammatory assaults; however, they also manifest complex degenerations obscuring assessment of AUF1s’ roles in innate immune cells. Here, we restricted a debilitating AUF1 mutation to the mouse myeloid lineage and performed disease-oriented phenotypic analyses to assess the requirement of AUF1s in variable contexts of innate immune reactivity. Contrary to the whole-body mutants, the myeloid mutants of AUF1s did not show differences in their susceptibility to cytokine storms occurring during endotoxemia; neither in type-I cell-mediated reactions driving intestinal inflammation by chemical irritants. Instead, they were resistant to allergic airway inflammation and displayed reductions in inflammatory infiltrates and an altered T-helper balance. The ex-vivo analysis of macrophages revealed that the loss of AUF1s had a minimal effect on their proinflammatory gene expression. Moreover, AUF1s were dispensable for the classical polarization of cultured macrophages by LPS & IFNγ correlating with the unchanged response of mutant mice to systemic and intestinal inflammation. Notably, AUF1s were also dispensable for the alternative polarization of macrophages by IL4, TGFβ and IL10, known to be engaged in allergic reactions. In contrast, they were required to switch proinflammatory macrophages towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype induced by adenosine receptor signals. Congruent to this, the myeloid mutants of AUF1 displayed lower levels of vascular remodeling factors in exudates from allergen exposed lungs; were unable to support the growth and inflammatory infiltration of transplanted melanoma tumors; and failed to vascularize inert grafts unless supplemented with angiogenic factors. Mechanistically, adenosine receptor signals enhanced the association of AUF1s with the Vegfa, Il12b, and Tnf mRNAs to differentially regulate and facilitate the pro-angiogenic switch. Our data collectively demonstrates that AUF1s do not act as general anti-inflammatory factors in innate immune cells but have more specialized roles in regulons allowing specific innate immune cell transitions to support tissue infiltration and remodeling processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gargani
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niki Lourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Arapatzi
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tzanos
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Marania Saridaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Esmeralda Dushku
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margarita Chatzimike
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D. Sidiropoulos
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margarita Andreadou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Vasileios Ntafis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis, ;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Roles of mRNA poly(A) tails in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:93-106. [PMID: 34594027 PMCID: PMC7614307 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, poly(A) tails are present on almost every mRNA. Early experiments led to the hypothesis that poly(A) tails and the cytoplasmic polyadenylate-binding protein (PABPC) promote translation and prevent mRNA degradation, but the details remained unclear. More recent data suggest that the role of poly(A) tails is much more complex: poly(A)-binding protein can stimulate poly(A) tail removal (deadenylation) and the poly(A) tails of stable, highly translated mRNAs at steady state are much shorter than expected. Furthermore, the rate of translation elongation affects deadenylation. Consequently, the interplay between poly(A) tails, PABPC, translation and mRNA decay has a major role in gene regulation. In this Review, we discuss recent work that is revolutionizing our understanding of the roles of poly(A) tails in the cytoplasm. Specifically, we discuss the roles of poly(A) tails in translation and control of mRNA stability and how poly(A) tails are removed by exonucleases (deadenylases), including CCR4-NOT and PAN2-PAN3. We also discuss how deadenylation rate is determined, the integration of deadenylation with other cellular processes and the function of PABPC. We conclude with an outlook for the future of research in this field.
Collapse
|
38
|
Combinations of slow-translating codon clusters can increase mRNA half-life in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026362118. [PMID: 34911752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026362118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a single cluster of nonoptimal codons was found to decrease a transcript's half-life through the interaction of the ribosome-associated quality control machinery with stalled ribosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae The impact of multiple nonoptimal codon clusters on a transcript's half-life, however, is unknown. Using a kinetic model, we predict that inserting a second nonoptimal cluster near the 5' end can lead to synergistic effects that increase a messenger RNA's (mRNA's) half-life in S. cerevisiae Specifically, the 5' end cluster suppresses the formation of ribosome queues, reducing the interaction of ribosome-associated quality control factors with stalled ribosomes. We experimentally validate this prediction by introducing two nonoptimal clusters into three different genes and find that their mRNA half-life increases up to fourfold. The model also predicts that in the presence of two clusters, the cluster closest to the 5' end is the primary determinant of mRNA half-life. These results suggest the "translational ramp," in which nonoptimal codons are located near the start codon and increase translational efficiency, may have the additional biological benefit of allowing downstream slow-codon clusters to be present without decreasing mRNA half-life. These results indicate that codon usage bias plays a more nuanced role in controlling cellular protein levels than previously thought.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao H, Liu Y, Wang L, Jin G, Zhao X, Xu J, Zhang G, Ma Y, Yin N, Peng M. Genome-wide fitness gene identification reveals Roquin as a potent suppressor of CD8 T cell expansion and anti-tumor immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110083. [PMID: 34879274 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust expansion of adoptively transferred T cells is a prerequisite for effective cancer immunotherapy, but how many genes in the genome modulate T cell expansion remains unknown. Here, we perform in vivo and in vitro CRISPR screens to systematically identify genes influencing CD8 T cell expansion. In the mouse genome, ∼2,600 and ∼1,500 genes are required for optimal CD8 T cell expansion in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In vivo-specific CD8 T cell essential genes are enriched in metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial metabolism. The strongest repressor of CD8 T cell expansion is Roquin, the ablation of which drastically boosts T cell proliferation by enhancing cell-cycle progression and upregulation of IRF4. Roquin deficiency or IRF4 overexpression potently enhances anti-tumor immunity. These data provide a functional catalog of CD8 T cell fitness genes and suggest that targeting the Roquin-IRF4 axis is an effective strategy to enhance efficacy of adoptive transfer therapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangyue Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Na Yin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Peng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmidtke L, Meineck M, Saurin S, Otten S, Gather F, Schrick K, Käfer R, Roth W, Kleinert H, Weinmann-Menke J, Pautz A. Knockout of the KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein Drives Glomerulonephritis in MRL-Fas lpr Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3167. [PMID: 34831390 PMCID: PMC8624031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is an RNA-binding protein that promotes mRNA decay and thereby negatively regulates cytokine expression at the post-transcriptional level. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated cytokine expression causing multiple organ manifestations; MRL-Faslpr mice are an established mouse model to study lupus disease pathogenesis. To investigate the impact of KSRP on lupus disease progression, we generated KSRP-deficient MRL-Faslpr mice (MRL-Faslpr/KSRP-/- mice). In line with the predicted role of KSRP as a negative regulator of cytokine expression, lupus nephritis was augmented in MRL-Faslpr/KSRP-/- mice. Increased infiltration of immune cells, especially of IFN-γ producing T cells and macrophages, driven by enhanced expression of T cell-attracting chemokines and adhesion molecules, seems to be responsible for worsened kidney morphology. Reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist may be another reason for severe inflammation. The increase of FoxP3+ T cells detected in the kidney seems unable to dampen the massive kidney inflammation. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy was reduced in MRL-Faslpr/KSRP-/- mice. Altogether, KSRP appears to have a complex role in immune regulation; however, it is clearly able to ameliorate lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schmidtke
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Myriam Meineck
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Saurin
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Svenja Otten
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Fabian Gather
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Katharina Schrick
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kovarik P, Bestehorn A, Fesselet J. Conceptual Advances in Control of Inflammation by the RNA-Binding Protein Tristetraprolin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751313. [PMID: 34603339 PMCID: PMC8484758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated changes in mRNA stability are critical drivers of gene expression adaptations to immunological cues. mRNA stability is controlled mainly by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) which can directly cleave mRNA but more often act as adaptors for the recruitment of the RNA-degradation machinery. One of the most prominent RBPs with regulatory roles in the immune system is tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP targets mainly inflammation-associated mRNAs for degradation and is indispensable for the resolution of inflammation as well as the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recent advances in the transcriptome-wide knowledge of mRNA expression and decay rates together with TTP binding sites in the target mRNAs revealed important limitations in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of TTP action. Such orthogonal analyses lead to the discovery that TTP binding destabilizes some bound mRNAs but not others in the same cell. Moreover, comparisons of various immune cells indicated that an mRNA can be destabilized by TTP in one cell type while it remains stable in a different cell linage despite the presence of TTP. The action of TTP extends from mRNA destabilization to inhibition of translation in a subset of targets. This article will discuss these unexpected context-dependent functions and their implications for the regulation of immune responses. Attention will be also payed to new insights into the role of TTP in physiology and tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kovarik
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jurgens AP, Popović B, Wolkers MC. T cells at work: How post-transcriptional mechanisms control T cell homeostasis and activation. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2178-2187. [PMID: 34180545 PMCID: PMC8457102 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells are central players of the adaptive immune system by protecting us from recurring infections and by killing malignant cells. Protective T cell responses rely on the concerted production of effector molecules such as cytolytic mediators, granzymes, and perforins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Once activated, T cells drastically change their gene expression and rapidly respond to insults by producing ample amounts of effector molecules. In the absence of antigen, T cells remain in a quiescent state and survey our body for possible pathogenic insults. Resting T cells are, however, not inert, but continuously regulate their protein production to survive and to be prepared for possible re-infections. Here, we review our current knowledge on the regulation of gene expression in activated and quiescent T cells. We specifically focus on post-transcriptional mechanisms that define the protein output and that allow dormant cells to undergo active signaling and selective translation, keeping them poised for activation. Finally, we discuss which signals drive T cell survival and their preparedness to respond to insults and which mechanisms are involved in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk P. Jurgens
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monika C. Wolkers
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Makita S, Takatori H, Nakajima H. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Immune Responses and Inflammatory Diseases by RNA-Binding ZFP36 Family Proteins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711633. [PMID: 34276705 PMCID: PMC8282349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is involved in the regulation of many inflammatory genes. Zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) family proteins are RNA-binding proteins involved in messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolism pathways. The ZFP36 family is composed of ZFP36 (also known as tristetraprolin, TTP), ZFP36L1, ZFP36L2, and ZFP36L3 (only in rodents). The ZFP36 family proteins contain two tandemly repeated CCCH-type zinc-finger motifs, bind to adenine uridine-rich elements in the 3’-untranslated regions (3’ UTR) of specific mRNA, and lead to target mRNA decay. Although the ZFP36 family members are structurally similar, they are known to play distinct functions and regulate different target mRNAs, probably due to their cell-type-specific expression patterns. For instance, ZFP36 has been well-known to function as an anti-inflammatory modulator in murine models of systemic inflammatory diseases by down-regulating the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α. Meanwhile, ZFP36L1 is required for the maintenance of the marginal-zone B cell compartment. Recently, we found that ZFP36L2 reduces the expression of Ikzf2 (encoding HELIOS) and suppresses regulatory T cell function. This review summarizes the current understanding of the post-transcriptional regulation of immunological responses and inflammatory diseases by RNA-binding ZFP36 family proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Makita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takatori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rose-John S. Therapeutic targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling. Cytokine 2021; 144:155577. [PMID: 34022535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine, which is involved in innate and acquired immunity, in neural cell maintenance and in metabolism. IL-6 can be synthesized by many different cells including myeloid cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. The synthesis of IL-6 is strongly stimulated by Toll like receptors and by IL-1. Therefore, IL-6 levels in the body are high during infection and inflammatory processes. Moreover, IL-6 is a prominent growth factor of tumor cells and plays a major role in inflammation associated cancer. On target cells, IL-6 binds to an IL-6 receptor, which is not signaling competent. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor associate with a second receptor subunit, glycoprotein gp130, which dimerizes and initiates intracellular signaling. Cells, which do not express the IL-6 receptor are not responsive to IL-6. They can, however, be stimulated by the complex of IL-6 and a soluble form of the IL-6 receptor, which is generated by limited proteolysis and to a lesser extent by translation from an alternatively spliced mRNA. This process has been named IL-6 trans-signaling. This review article will explain the biology of IL-6 trans-signaling and the specific inhibition of this mode of signaling, which has been recognized to be fundamental in inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
|
45
|
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gnrhr: A Checkpoint for Metabolic Control of Female Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073312. [PMID: 33805020 PMCID: PMC8038027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs) by pituitary gonadotropes is critical for maintaining maximum reproductive capacity. GnRH receptor expression must be tightly regulated in order to maintain the normal pattern of expression through the estrous cycle in rodents, which is believed to be important for interpreting the finely tuned pulses of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Much work has shown that Gnrhr expression is heavily regulated at the level of transcription. However, researchers have also discovered that Gnrhr is regulated post-transcriptionally. This review will discuss how RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs may play critical roles in the regulation of GnRHR expression. We will also discuss how these post-transcriptional regulators may themselves be affected by metabolic cues, specifically with regards to the adipokine leptin. All together, we present evidence that Gnrhr is regulated post-transcriptionally, and that this concept must be further explored in order to fully understand the complex nature of this receptor.
Collapse
|