1
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Breton F, Souza GC, Lorke A, Dubois P, Jodeau M, Moilleron R, Vinçon-Leite B, Jan J, Borovec J, Lemaire BJ. Assessment of two non-invasive techniques for measuring turbulent benthic fluxes in a shallow lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124032. [PMID: 38670425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Benthic fluxes refer to the exchange rates of nutrients and other compounds between the water column and the sediment bed in aquatic ecosystems. Their quantification contributes to our understanding of aquatic ecosystem functioning. Near-bed hydrodynamics plays an important role at the sediment-water interface, especially in shallow lakes, but it is poorly considered by traditional measuring techniques of flux quantification, such as sediment incubations. Thus, alternative sampling techniques are needed to characterize key benthic fluxes under in-situ hydrodynamic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two promising methods: relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) and mass transfer coefficient (MTC). We applied them in a hyper-eutrophic shallow lake to measure the fluxes of ammonium, phosphate, iron, and manganese ions. For the first time, REA revealed hourly nutrient flux variations, indicating a strong lake biogeochemical dynamics at short time-scales. Daily average fluxes are of similar orders of magnitude for REA and MTC for ammonium (24 and 42 mmol m2 d-1), manganese (1.0 and 0.8), and iron (0.8 and 0.7) ions. They are one order of magnitude higher than fluxes estimated from sediment incubations, due to the difficulty in reproducing in-situ oxygen and hydrodynamic conditions in the laboratory. Although the accuracy of both techniques needs to be improved, the results revealed their potential: REA follows the short-term biogeochemical dynamics of sediments, while MTC could be widely used for lake monitoring because of its simpler implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Breton
- ISBB, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic.
| | - Guilherme Calabro Souza
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Marne-La-Vallée, France; LHSV, Ecole des Ponts, EDF R&D, Cerema, Chatou, France
| | - Andreas Lorke
- University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Philippe Dubois
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Marne-La-Vallée, France
| | - Magali Jodeau
- LHSV, Ecole des Ponts, EDF R&D, Cerema, Chatou, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Marne-La-Vallée, France
| | | | - Jiří Jan
- ISBB, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Borovec
- ISBB, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Hydrosystèmes Continentaux Anthropisés - Ressources, Risques, Restauration, Antony, France; Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
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2
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Attard K, Singh RK, Gattuso JP, Filbee-Dexter K, Krause-Jensen D, Kühl M, Sejr MK, Archambault P, Babin M, Bélanger S, Berg P, Glud RN, Hancke K, Jänicke S, Qin J, Rysgaard S, Sørensen EB, Tachon F, Wenzhöfer F, Ardyna M. Seafloor primary production in a changing Arctic Ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2303366121. [PMID: 38437536 PMCID: PMC10945780 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303366121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton and sea ice algae are traditionally considered to be the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean. In this Perspective, we explore the importance of benthic primary producers (BPPs) encompassing microalgae, macroalgae, and seagrasses, which represent a poorly quantified source of Arctic marine primary production. Despite scarce observations, models predict that BPPs are widespread, colonizing ~3 million km2 of the extensive Arctic coastal and shelf seas. Using a synthesis of published data and a novel model, we estimate that BPPs currently contribute ~77 Tg C y-1 of primary production to the Arctic, equivalent to ~20 to 35% of annual phytoplankton production. Macroalgae contribute ~43 Tg C y-1, seagrasses contribute ~23 Tg C y-1, and microalgae-dominated shelf habitats contribute ~11 to 16 Tg C y-1. Since 2003, the Arctic seafloor area exposed to sunlight has increased by ~47,000 km2 y-1, expanding the realm of BPPs in a warming Arctic. Increased macrophyte abundance and productivity is expected along Arctic coastlines with continued ocean warming and sea ice loss. However, microalgal benthic primary production has increased in only a few shelf regions despite substantial sea ice loss over the past 20 y, as higher solar irradiance in the ice-free ocean is counterbalanced by reduced water transparency. This suggests complex impacts of climate change on Arctic light availability and marine primary production. Despite significant knowledge gaps on Arctic BPPs, their widespread presence and obvious contribution to coastal and shelf ecosystem production call for further investigation and for their inclusion in Arctic ecosystem models and carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Attard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense M, Denmark
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QCG5L 3A1, Canada
- Center for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore119076, Singapore
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d’Océanographie, Villefranche-sur-Mer06230, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Paris75337, France
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
- Benthic Communities Group/Institute of Marine Research, His4817, Norway
- School of Biological Science and Indian Oceans Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth6009, WA, Australia
| | - Dorte Krause-Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, 3000Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Mikael K. Sejr
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
- ArcticNet, Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simon Bélanger
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QCG5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA400123
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Ocean and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 108-8477Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kasper Hancke
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0579Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Jänicke
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Rysgaard
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Esben B. Sørensen
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Foucaut Tachon
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense M, Denmark
- Helmholtz - Max Planck Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven27515, Germany
- Helmholtz - Max Planck Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen28359, Germany
| | - Mathieu Ardyna
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
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3
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Sun B, Liu X. Sediment respiration dynamics and its contribution to carbon emissions in stratified reservoirs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119472. [PMID: 37939472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment respiration, the relation between dissolved oxygen (DO) attribution and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, is an important index of the aquatic ecosystem and a key concern in the evaluation of reservoir cleanliness performance. To understand the sediment respiration dynamics regulated by the thermal stratification that is common in deep-water reservoirs, this study conducted in-situ measurements of thermal structures and benthic environments in the Daheiting Reservoir for 16 months. Then, the variations of DO and CO2 fluxes at the sediment-water interface (SWI) were obtained based on the aquatic eddy correlation method and the newly proposed virtual incubator method, respectively. The results show that the SWI fluxes dynamics can be decomposed into tendency variations dominated by thermal stratification and impulse variations induced by extreme events. The annual average SWI DO and CO2 fluxes of 3.80-6.62 and 1.92-3.15 mmol m-2·d-1 are estimated in the study site through the respiration dynamics, respectively, which CO2 flux is at a moderate level among the nearly 50 lakes and reservoirs worldwide but accounts for less than 15% of the total CO2 emission of this reservoir. Moreover, the sediment respiration quotient in stratified reservoirs is lower than in other aquatic environments, suggesting that the permanently flooded area is a weak net carbon source, while most carbon emissions from stratified reservoirs are carbon displacement or net carbon generated within the water. Sediment net carbon emissions correspond to human benefits such as flood control, power generation, and fisheries, whereas water net carbon emissions are usually not beneficial. Therefore, reducing net carbon emissions generated in the water may become an important way to achieve low-carbon operation of deep-water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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4
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Hutchins M, Sweetman A, Barry C, Berg P, George C, Pickard A, Qu Y. MAKING WAVES: Effluent to estuary: Does sunshine or shade reduce downstream footprints of cities? WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120815. [PMID: 37931359 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Riparian tree canopies are key components of river systems, and influence the provision of many essential ecosystem services. Their management provides the potential for substantial control of the downstream persistence of pollutants. The recent advent of new advances in mass spectrometry to detect a large suite of emerging contaminants, high-frequency observations of water quality and gas exchange (e.g., aquatic eddy covariance), and improved spatial resolution in remote sensing (e.g., hyperspectral measurements and high-resolution imagery), presents new opportunities to understand and more comprehensively quantify the role of riparian canopies as Nature-based Solutions. The paper outlines how we may now couple these advances in observational technologies with developments in water quality modelling to integrate simulation of eutrophication impacts with organic matter dynamics and fate of synthetic toxic compounds. In particular regarding solar radiation drivers, this enables us to scale-up new knowledge of canopy-mediated photodegradation processes at a basin level, and integrate it with ongoing improvements in understanding of thermal control, eutrophication, and ecosystem metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hutchins
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Andrew Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Christopher Barry
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles George
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Amy Pickard
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Yueming Qu
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
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5
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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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6
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Shakya AW, Allgeier JE. Water column contributions to coral reef productivity: overcoming challenges of context dependence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1812-1828. [PMID: 37315947 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are declining at an unprecedented rate. Effective management and conservation initiatives necessitate improved understanding of the drivers of production because the high rates found in these ecosystems are the foundation of the many services they provide. The water column is the nexus of coral reef ecosystem dynamics, and functions as the interface through which essentially all energy and nutrients are transferred to fuel both new and recycled production. Substantial research has described many aspects of water column dynamics, often focusing on specific components because water column dynamics are highly spatially and temporally context dependent. Although necessary, a cost of this approach is that these dynamics are often not well linked to the broader ecosystem or across systems. To help overcome the challenge of context dependence, we provide a comprehensive review of this literature, and synthesise it through the perspective of ecosystem ecology. Specifically, we provide a framework to organise the drivers of temporal and spatial variation in production dynamics, structured around five primary state factors. These state factors are used to deconstruct the environmental contexts in which three water column sub-food webs mediate 'new' and 'recycled' production. We then highlight critical pathways by which global change drivers are altering coral reefs via the water column. We end by discussing four key knowledge gaps hindering understanding of the role of the water column for mediating coral reef production, and how overcoming these could improve conservation and management strategies. Throughout, we identify areas of extensive research and those where studies remain lacking and provide a database of 84 published studies. Improved integration of water column dynamics into models of coral reef ecosystem function is imperative to achieve the understanding of ecosystem production necessary to develop effective conservation and management strategies needed to stem global coral loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali W Shakya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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7
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Roth F, Broman E, Sun X, Bonaglia S, Nascimento F, Prytherch J, Brüchert V, Lundevall Zara M, Brunberg M, Geibel MC, Humborg C, Norkko A. Methane emissions offset atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake in coastal macroalgae, mixed vegetation and sediment ecosystems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:42. [PMID: 36596795 PMCID: PMC9810657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems can efficiently remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and are thus promoted for nature-based climate change mitigation. Natural methane (CH4) emissions from these ecosystems may counterbalance atmospheric CO2 uptake. Still, knowledge of mechanisms sustaining such CH4 emissions and their contribution to net radiative forcing remains scarce for globally prevalent macroalgae, mixed vegetation, and surrounding depositional sediment habitats. Here we show that these habitats emit CH4 in the range of 0.1 - 2.9 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 to the atmosphere, revealing in situ CH4 emissions from macroalgae that were sustained by divergent methanogenic archaea in anoxic microsites. Over an annual cycle, CO2-equivalent CH4 emissions offset 28 and 35% of the carbon sink capacity attributed to atmospheric CO2 uptake in the macroalgae and mixed vegetation habitats, respectively, and augment net CO2 release of unvegetated sediments by 57%. Accounting for CH4 alongside CO2 sea-air fluxes and identifying the mechanisms controlling these emissions is crucial to constrain the potential of coastal ecosystems as net atmospheric carbon sinks and develop informed climate mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Roth
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland.
| | - Elias Broman
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaole Sun
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Stefano Bonaglia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Nascimento
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Prytherch
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker Brüchert
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Märta Brunberg
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Marc C Geibel
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Humborg
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Alf Norkko
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
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8
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Hu IH, Hemond HF. Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8984. [PMID: 36433578 PMCID: PMC9696887 DOI: 10.3390/s22228984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is an in situ technique for measuring fluxes in marine and freshwater systems that is based on the covariance of velocity and concentration measurements. To date, AEC has mainly been applied to the measurement of benthic oxygen fluxes. Here, development of a fast multiple-channel sensor enables the use of AEC for measurement of benthic fluxes of fluorescent material, salt, and heat at three distinct sites in Massachusetts, USA, including the Connecticut River, the Concord River, and Upper Mystic Lake. Benthic fluxes of salt, useful as a tracer for groundwater input (submarine groundwater discharge), were consistent with independent measurements made with seepage meters. Eddy fluxes of heat were consistent with the balance of incoming solar radiation and thermal conduction at the sediment surface. Benthic eddy fluxes of fluorescent dissolved organic material (FDOM) revealed a substantial net downward flux in the humic-rich Concord River, suggesting that microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the sediment was significant. Simultaneous measurement of several fluxes expands the utility of AEC as a biogeochemical tool while enabling checks for mutual consistency among data channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene H. Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Harold F. Hemond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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9
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Pessarrodona A, Filbee-Dexter K, Krumhansl KA, Pedersen MF, Moore PJ, Wernberg T. A global dataset of seaweed net primary productivity. Sci Data 2022; 9:484. [PMID: 35933515 PMCID: PMC9357081 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Net primary productivity (NPP) plays a pivotal role in the global carbon balance but estimating the NPP of underwater habitats remains a challenging task. Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) form the largest and most productive underwater vegetated habitat on Earth. Yet, little is known about the distribution of their NPP at large spatial scales, despite more than 70 years of local-scale studies being scattered throughout the literature. We present a global dataset containing NPP records for 246 seaweed taxa at 429 individual sites distributed on all continents from the intertidal to 55 m depth. All records are standardized to annual aerial carbon production (g C m-2 yr-1) and are accompanied by detailed taxonomic and methodological information. The dataset presented here provides a basis for local, regional and global comparative studies of the NPP of underwater vegetation and is pivotal for achieving a better understanding of the role seaweeds play in the global coastal carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kira A Krumhansl
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Morten F Pedersen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Pippa J Moore
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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10
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Platz MC, Arias ME, Byrne RH. Reef Metabolism Monitoring Methods and Potential Applications for Coral Restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 69:612-625. [PMID: 35079882 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef metabolism measurements have been used by scientists for decades to track reef responses to the globe's changing carbon budget and project shifts in reef function. Here, we propose that metabolism measurement tools and methods could also be used to monitor reef ecosystem change in response to coral restoration. This review paper provides a general introduction to net ecosystem metabolism and carbon chemistry for coral reef ecosystems, followed by a review of five metabolism monitoring methods with potential for application to coral reef restoration monitoring. Selected methodologies included those with measurement scales appropriate to assess outplant arrays and whole reef ecosystem outcomes associated with restoration interventions. Subsequently we discuss how water column and CO2 chemistry could be used to address coral restoration monitoring research gaps and scale up from biological, colony-level metrics to ecosystem-scale function and performance assessments. Such function-based measurements could potentially be used to inform several goal-based monitoring objectives highlighted in the Coral Reef Restoration Monitoring Guide. Lastly, this review discusses important methodological factors, such as scale, reef type, and flow environment, that should be considered when determining which metabolism monitoring technique would be most appropriate for a reef restoration project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Platz
- University of South Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG-030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Mauricio E Arias
- University of South Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG-030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Robert H Byrne
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 830 1st St S, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
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