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Ghasemian A, Christakis NA. The structure and function of antagonistic ties in village social networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401257121. [PMID: 38889155 PMCID: PMC11214085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401257121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative or antagonistic relationships are common in human social networks, but they are less often studied than positive or friendly relationships. The existence of a capacity to have and to track antagonistic ties raises the possibility that they may serve a useful function in human groups. Here, we analyze empirical data gathered from 24,770 and 22,513 individuals in 176 rural villages in Honduras in two survey waves 2.5 y apart in order to evaluate the possible relevance of antagonistic relationships for broader network phenomena. We find that the small-world effect is more significant in a positive world with negative ties compared to an otherwise similar hypothetical positive world without them. Additionally, we observe that nodes with more negative ties tend to be located near network bridges, with lower clustering coefficients, higher betweenness centralities, and shorter average distances to other nodes in the network. Positive connections tend to have a more localized distribution, while negative connections are more globally dispersed within the networks. Analysis of the possible impact of such negative ties on dynamic processes reveals that, remarkably, negative connections can facilitate the dissemination of information (including novel information experimentally introduced into these villages) to the same degree as positive connections, and that they can also play a role in mitigating idea polarization within village networks. Antagonistic ties hold considerable importance in shaping the structure and function of social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemian
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, 06511New Haven, CT
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2
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Li Q, Zhu Y, Qi X, Lu H, Han N, Xiang Y, Guo J, Wang L. Posttraumatic growth of medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:460. [PMID: 38355487 PMCID: PMC10865690 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented stress and challenges upon medical staff, potentially resulting in posttraumatic growth (PTG). This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on PTG among medical staff during the pandemic by identifying its current status and potential influencing factors. The findings may provide a foundation for future research and interventions to enhance the medical staff's psychological resilience and well-being. METHODS Literature was systematically searched on PTG among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Data. Eligibility criteria included: (1) medical staff as research subjects; (2) a focus on "posttraumatic growth" or "alternative posttraumatic growth" related to the COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic; (3) discussion of the situation and influencing factors of PTG; and (4) study types, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Two researchers independently selected and extracted study characteristics (study design, study population, region, measurement instruments, and primary outcomes) from the included literature. The data were synthesized qualitatively and descriptively. RESULTS Thirty-six papers from 12 countries met the inclusion criteria. Moderate PTG levels were observed among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on "interpersonal relationships," "changes in life philosophy," and "growth in personal competence." Influencing factors included trauma exposure, sociodemographics, psychological characteristics (resilience and positive qualities), coping, and social support. CONCLUSIONS This review discovered moderate PTG levels among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, with critical areas in interpersonal relationships, life philosophy, and personal competence. The identified influencing factors can inform future research and interventions to enhance healthcare workers' psychological resilience and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nafei Han
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Eyni S, Hashemi Z, Mousavi SE, Taghavi R. Spirituality, Trait Gratitude, and Post-Traumatic Growth in Iranian Veterans with PTSD: The Mediating Role of Ego Resilience. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:4072-4087. [PMID: 36670213 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Iran, spirituality is one of the most critical factors affecting veterans' health. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of ego resilience in the relationship between spirituality and trait gratitude with post-traumatic growth in Iranian veterans with PTSD. In the present descriptive and correlational study, 300 veterans with PTSD were hospitalized and treated at Isar Psychiatric Hospital in Ardabil in 2021 and were selected as the sample. Data were collected using Tedeschi and Calhoun's Traumatic Developmental Questionnaire, Parsian and Dunning, Mc Cullough et al.'s Trait Gratitude Questionnaire, and Block et al.'s Ego Resilience Questionnaire. Based on the obtained results and various fit indices, the direct and indirect relationships between spirituality, trait gratitude, ego resilience, and post-traumatic growth in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder were confirmed (p < 0.01). Also, spirituality and trait gratitude through ego resilience indirectly affected the post-traumatic growth of veterans with PTSD (P < 0.05). Thus, targeting these three components through psychological therapies may effectively increase post-traumatic growth in veterans experiencing trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Eyni
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Hashemi
- Department of Psychology, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Seyede Elham Mousavi
- Department of Educational Science, Psychological Counseling and Guidance Branch, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramin Taghavi
- Psychiatric Ward, Isar Psychiatric Hospital, Ardabil, Iran
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4
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Moore JB, Rubin KCR, Heaney CA. Benefit finding and well-being over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288332. [PMID: 37498840 PMCID: PMC10374125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on understanding benefit finding, the process of deriving growth from adversity, and its relationship to well-being amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 701) completed online surveys at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after a shelter-in-place mandate was announced in California, USA. Identifying as female or of Asian descent, having a supportive social network, and reporting more distress were associated with higher levels of general benefit finding at all data collection points, while other demographics were not. Benefit finding exhibited small but statistically significant associations with two measures of well-being. Understanding the extent to which various groups of people experience benefit finding during ongoing adversity and how such benefit finding is associated with well-being may help to promote mental health during a collective trauma like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie B Moore
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Katharine C R Rubin
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Heaney
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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5
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Gottfredson RK, Becker WJ. How past trauma impacts emotional intelligence: Examining the connection. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1067509. [PMID: 37275697 PMCID: PMC10234103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1067509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Backed by both research and practice, the organizational psychology field has come to value emotional intelligence (EI) as being vital for leader and employee effectiveness. While this field values EI, it has paid little attention to the antecedents of emotional intelligence, leaving the EI domain without clarity on (1) why EI might vary across individuals, and (2) how to best develop EI. In this article, we rely on neuroscience and psychology research to make the case that past psychological trauma impacts later EI capabilities. Specifically, we present evidence that psychological trauma impairs the brain areas and functions that support EI. Establishing psychological trauma has valuable theoretical and practical implications that include providing an explanation of why EI might vary across individuals and providing a focus for improving EI: healing from past trauma. Further theoretical and practical implications for the field of organizational psychology are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Gottfredson
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - William J Becker
- Department of Management, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Baumunk MJ, Tang X, Rumrill SP, Conder S, Rumrill PD. Post-traumatic growth and trauma-informed care in vocational rehabilitation through the lens of the conservation of resources theory. Work 2023; 75:3-10. [PMID: 37092208 DOI: 10.3233/wor-236014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma has high prevalent rates in populations of people with disabilities, and the effects of traumatic experiences can negatively impact employment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature regarding post-traumatic growth (PTG), trauma informed care (TIC), and the conservation of resources (COR) theory. METHOD We begin with an overview of PTG, TIC, and trauma in relation to disability and employment. Then, we review the personal, condition, object, and energy resources within the COR theory. RESULTS The remainder of the article focuses on applying PTG and TIC in State-Federal VR programs with a theoretical framework defined by COR. We conceptualize the application in four major VR phases: (a) eligibility determination, (b) rehabilitation plan development, (c) service provision, and (d) job placement. CONCLUSION By implementing TIC and considering the consumer's resources, VR counselors can help emphasize PTG throughout the process and prioritize PTG as the ultimate goal. The authors provide brief and preliminary implementation recommendations for VR counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandy Conder
- Human Development Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Phillip D Rumrill
- Human Development Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Seol JH, Sohn YW, Yoo M, Park Y. Decent Work, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Posttraumatic Growth From the Psychology of Working Perspective: A Three-Wave Study of Military Personnel. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727231163321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Scholarly interest in the relationship between decent work and mental health based on the Psychology of Working Theory has recently increased. This study evaluated the indirect effects of survival, social contribution, and self-determination needs satisfaction on the relationship between decent work and trauma-related mental health among military personnel. We conducted a three-wave survey over 1 year. Results showed that decent work predicted satisfaction of the three basic needs. Additionally, survival needs directly predicted posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, while social contribution and self-determination needs directly predicted posttraumatic growth. Finally, decent work had a significant indirect effect on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via survival needs, whereas decent work had significant indirect effects on posttraumatic growth via social contribution and self-determination needs. Our findings suggest that the more military personnel perceive their work as decent and feel that their three basic needs are fulfilled, the more posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms diminish, and posttraumatic growth increases. We discuss the implications and need for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Seol
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Yoo
- Department of Humanities, R.O.K Naval Academy, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonguk Park
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tu AK, Restivo Haney J, O'Neill K, Swaminathan A, Choi KW, Lee H, Smoller JW, Patel V, Barreira PJ, Liu CH, Naslund JA. Post-traumatic growth in PhD students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:100104. [PMID: 36743383 PMCID: PMC9886426 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, graduate students have faced increased risk of mental health challenges. Research suggests that experiencing adversity may induce positive psychological changes, called post-traumatic growth (PTG). These changes can include improved relationships with others, perceptions of oneself, and enjoyment of life. Few existing studies have explored this phenomenon among graduate students. This secondary data analysis of a survey conducted in November 2020 among graduate students at a private R1 University in the northeast United States examined graduate students' levels and correlates of PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students had a low level of PTG, with a mean score of 10.31 out of 50. Linear regression models showed significant positive relationships between anxiety and PTG and between a measure of self-reported impact of the pandemic and PTG. Non-White minorities also had significantly greater PTG than White participants. Experiencing more negative impact due to the pandemic and ruminating about the pandemic were correlated with greater PTG. These findings advance research on the patterns of PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic and can inform future studies of graduate students' coping mechanisms and support efforts to promote pandemic recovery and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Tu
- Harvard College, 86 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Juliana Restivo Haney
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kathryn O'Neill
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Akshay Swaminathan
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul J. Barreira
- Office of the Provost and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Cindy H. Liu
- Departments of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John A. Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Barnicot K, McCabe R, Bogosian A, Papadopoulos R, Crawford M, Aitken P, Christensen T, Wilson J, Teague B, Rana R, Willis D, Barclay R, Chung A, Rohricht F. Predictors of Post-Traumatic Growth in a Sample of United Kingdom Mental and Community Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3539. [PMID: 36834236 PMCID: PMC9965513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of adversity can generate positive psychological effects alongside negative impacts. Little research to date has evaluated predictors of post-traumatic growth in mental or community healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a survey of 854 community and mental healthcare staff in the United Kingdom in July to September 2020, multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between hypothesised risk and protective factors (personal, organisational and environmental variables) and total scores on the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Version. Positive self-reflection activities, black and minority ethnic status, developing new healthcare knowledge and skills, connecting with friends and family, feeling supported by senior management, feeling supported by the UK people, and anxiety about the personal and work-related consequences of COVID-19 each significantly independently predicted greater post-traumatic growth. Working in a clinical role and in mental healthcare or community physical healthcare predicted lower post-traumatic growth. Our research supports the value of taking an organisational growth-focused approach to occupational health during times of adversity, by supporting staff to embrace opportunities for personal growth. Valuing staff's cultural and religious identity and encouraging self-reflective activities, such as mindfulness and meditation, may help to promote post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Barnicot
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rose McCabe
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Angeliki Bogosian
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Renos Papadopoulos
- Department of Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mike Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
| | - Bonnie Teague
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
| | - Ravi Rana
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Donna Willis
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Ryan Barclay
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Amy Chung
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
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García FE, Cova F, Vázquez C, Páez D. Posttraumatic growth in people affected by an occupational accident: A longitudinal multilevel model of change. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:409-424. [PMID: 35851747 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a cohort of 244 workers affected by an occupational accident. A longitudinal design with three points in time (i.e., 1, 6, and 12 months after the accident) was used. PTG, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), subjective severity of the event, deliberate rumination, and seeking social support were evaluated. In addition, time since the accident, age, and gender were included as predictors in our model. Deliberate rumination and seeking social support significantly predicted PTG trajectory in a multilevel model. Practical conclusions from the results suggest that work accident victims should be encouraged to seek social support and to positively reframe their experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E García
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Félix Cova
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Darío Páez
- University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
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Changes in Posttraumatic Growth After a Virtual Contemplative Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nurs Adm 2023; 53:40-46. [PMID: 36542443 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the effects of an intervention called "Compassion & Growth Workshops" on reported posttraumatic growth (PTG) using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Expanded (PTGI-X). BACKGROUND Few studies measure the impact of interventions, such as contemplative practices, on nurse PTG. METHODS We delivered a series of three 2-hour microretreats to nurses and advanced practice nurses and measured their impact on PTG scores. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified cofactors predictive of 25% overall improvement on the PTGI-X. RESULTS Overall PTG increased among participants, with the greatest improvement in relating to others, new possibilities, and personal strength. Posttraumatic growth improved as workshop attendance increased; nurses providing direct patient care also benefitted the most. CONCLUSIONS Contemplative interventions can substantively improve PTG. This may be particularly relevant for coping with COVID pandemic stress among nurses on the frontlines and for healthcare leaders seeking to strengthen psychological support within their teams and reform the workplace environment.
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Kaye-Tzadok A, Icekson T. A phenomenological exploration of work-related post-traumatic growth among high-functioning adults maltreated as children. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1048295. [PMID: 36619051 PMCID: PMC9814126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1048295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood maltreatment is a highly prevalent traumatic experience, and its adverse psychological and behavioral consequences are well-documented. Notwithstanding these adverse outcomes, many individuals who suffered from traumatic experiences report post-traumatic growth, i.e., transformative positive changes resulting from their struggle to cope. Post-traumatic growth has been extensively explored among adult survivors of childhood maltreatment, with findings indicating both the previously recognized domains (personal strength, relating to others, appreciation of life, openness to new possibilities, and spiritual change) as well as abuse-specific domains of growth (e.g., increased ability to protect themselves from abuse). However, little attention has been given to vocational aspects of post-traumatic growth among survivors, despite the central role and importance of work in adulthood. Exploration of post-traumatic growth at work has focused on certain vocational traumatic experiences, such as those which occur in the military, or through secondary trauma. This exploratory qualitative study focuses on the question: What is the lived experience of work-related post-traumatic growth among high-functioning adult survivors of CM? Method Twenty in-depth interviews were held with high-functioning working adults who were maltreated as children. Phenomenological analysis was applied to the retrospective data reported in these interviews. Result Rich descriptions of work-related positive psychological changes were provided by all participants. Analysis revealed that survivors' post-traumatic growth corresponded with all five previously recognized domains of growth: changes in self, relating to others, openness to new possibilities, finding meaning to the abuse, and appreciation of life. It also revealed that work is perceived as a form of resistance (a subtheme of changes in self), and that finding meaning entails three emerging subthemes: being a survivor and a role model, giving others what was needed and never received, and making a better world. Discussion While the vocational lives of survivors of childhood maltreatment have rarely been examined through the lens of post-traumatic growth, our results show this lens to be highly valuable. Work-related post-traumatic growth has relevance not only regarding vocational traumas occurring in adulthood as has been previously studied, but also in the context of childhood traumas. Moreover, our research broadens the understanding of the possible domains of work-related growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Kaye-Tzadok
- Social Work Department and the Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel,*Correspondence: Avital Kaye-Tzadok,
| | - Tamar Icekson
- Program in Organizational Development & Consulting, School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel,Departments of Management and Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Seol JH, Park Y, Lee AR, Sohn YW. Calling as a double-edged sword for posttraumatic outcomes among Air Force pilots: The mediating roles of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Sandrin É, Brun JP, Nguyen C, Biron C, Ivers H. Psychological distress and post-traumatic growth in France during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mediation model of psychosocial safety climate as a determinant of work performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993458. [PMID: 36329744 PMCID: PMC9623118 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychosocial safety climate (PSC) reflects workers’ perceptions of senior management’s concern for mental health. Because the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated organizational issues, PSC could be a target for interventions attempting to preserve both the psychological health of employees and the economic health of companies. This study examines the direct and indirect relationships between PSC and work performance through two indicators of psychological health, psychological distress and post-traumatic growth, during a health crisis, i.e., prior to the second confinement in France. To this end, 2,004 participants from the French workforce completed a survey in October 2020. The results of mediation analyses indicate that PSC has a direct and positive influence on post-traumatic growth (PTG) and performance, as well as a direct negative influence on psychological distress. PSC also has an indirect positive influence on performance via psychological distress. Organizations that wish to jointly address mental health and performance at work would benefit from optimizing PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Sandrin
- Empreinte Humaine, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Émilie Sandrin,
| | - Jean-Pierre Brun
- Empreinte Humaine, Paris, France
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Jean-Pierre Brun,
| | | | - Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- VITAM Research Centre on Sustainable Health, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Hans Ivers
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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15
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Shepherd DA, Williams TA. Different response paths to organizational resilience. SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS 2022; 61:23-58. [PMID: 38625189 PMCID: PMC9535224 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An essential yet understudied aspect of organizational responses to an environmental shock is how managers interpret and respond to their new environments and address post-shock environmental challenges. The post-shock managerial response process can be intense and highly consequential as actors often must challenge the status quo in a compressed period. Decisions are frequently "life or death" in terms of organizational survival. This study analyzed data on resilient organizations' responses to the COVID-19 crisis and offered a model of organizational response paths to resilience. Our grounded theorizing offers three primary contributions: (1) we add richness to the distinction between organizations that are resilient or not by highlighting different response paths within the organizational-resilience category; (2) we complement the notion of post-adversity growth by explaining how organizations grow during adversity; (3) we move beyond explanations of resilience based on differences in organizations' resource endowments and instead provide new insights into different paths to resilience based on differences in how organizations interpret and respond to the same adverse event.
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16
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Adapting to a jolt: A mixed methods study identifying challenges and personal resources impacting professional gig workers' well-being during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Martinez LR, Smith NA, Snoeyink MJ, Noone BM, Shockley A. Unhoused and unhireable? Examining employment biases in service contexts related to perceived warmth and competence of people experiencing houselessness. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:3504-3524. [PMID: 35352832 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lack of safe and stable housing is a pernicious and growing social concern, and stereotypes about individuals experiencing houselessness are generally quite negative. Little scholarly work has examined housing insecurity and its associated stereotypes in employment contexts. The purpose of the current research was to examine, in the context of the hospitality industry, whether housing status influences hiring managers' perceptions of hireability (Study 1) and customers' evaluations of an organization and its employees (Study 2) using the stereotype content model. Across two experimental studies, we assessed participant attitudes toward individuals experiencing houselessness. In Study 1, we instructed 148 hotel managers to listen to a hypothetical job interview with either an unhoused or housed job applicant, and then complete measures of hireability. In Study 2, we instructed 139 hotel customers to observe a hypothetical interaction with either an unhoused or housed employee, and then evaluate the employee and the organization. Study 1's findings suggested an indirect effect of housing status on perceived hireability through warmth, and this indirect relationship was moderated by gender. Men who were houseless were rated lower in warmth, and thus lower in hireability, than non-houseless men or women regardless of their housing status. However, houseless men were perceived by customers as warmer than non-houseless men as employees, driving higher evaluations of the organization and the employee (Study 2). Hiring initiatives targeted at providing short-term housing for unhoused employees will benefit employees, employers, and the larger communities they encompass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry R Martinez
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicholas A Smith
- School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Megan J Snoeyink
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Breffni M Noone
- School of Hospitality Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Stasielowicz L. Adaptive performance in refugees after trauma: how relevant are post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-12-2021-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeWars can lead to massive migration waves, e.g. the Syrian Civil War that began in 2011 led to the European refugee crisis. Discussions about labour integration often accompany huge spikes in asylum applications. Since many refugees experience traumatic events, such as torture, health problems must be considered in the work context. Unfortunately, the relevance of the post-traumatic experiences of refugees to specific job performance facets has mainly been ignored. To close the research gap, a study with refugees living in Germany was conducted to examine to what extent trauma-related variables are relevant to performance variables.Design/methodology/approachThe relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS), post-traumatic growth (PTG) and adaptive performance (social and task-oriented adaptive performance) was examined as, nowadays, many activities require dealing with changes (e.g. new colleagues, new technologies). Sixty-nine people met the inclusion criteria (e.g. refugee status, traumatic experiences) and completed the survey. Data were analysed using the Bayesian approach.FindingsBayesian analyses revealed that PTG might promote both social and task-oriented adaptive performance. In contrast, PTS was negatively related to task-oriented adaptive performance. Furthermore, there was no substantial evidence that PTG moderates the relationship between PTS and adaptive performance. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence that refugees do not differ substantially from the general population with respect to social adaptive performance.Originality/valueThe present study demonstrates for the first time the relevance of post-traumatic experiences to the adaptive performance of refugees.
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Adjorlolo S, Adjorlolo P, Andoh-Arthur J, Ahiable EK, Kretchy IA, Osafo J. Post-Traumatic Growth and Resilience among Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Gendered Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610014. [PMID: 36011649 PMCID: PMC9408188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The literature on behavioral outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is inundated with mental health burdens such as depression and stress disorders. The current study investigated gender invariance on resilience and post-traumatic growth (PTG) as positive psychological changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 381 survivors of the COVID-19 infection completed measurements of resilience, PTG, violence and stigma experience, and mental health problems like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, multivariate regression, and a latent profile analysis. The results revealed that more than half of the participants had high scores on resilience (53.6%) and PTG (60.9%). The positive psychological changes, although independent of each other, were moderated by gender, and influenced by the negative experiences of participants such as stigma, violence, and PTSD. Latent profile analyses revealed three classes of participants, two of which were characterized by high scores on mental health problems and PTG. The clusters were invariant across gender. Surviving COVID-19 contributed to resilience and PTG. These can be targeted for intervention programs to mitigate the mental health burden occasioned by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 43, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 1004, Ghana
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul Adjorlolo
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 43, Ghana
| | - Johnny Andoh-Arthur
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 84, Ghana
| | | | - Irene Akwo Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 43, Ghana
| | - Joseph Osafo
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 84, Ghana
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20
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Fisher DM, LeNoble CA, Vanhove AJ. An Integrated Perspective on Individual and Team Resilience: Moving from Multilevel Structure to Cross‐Level Effects. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Cohen S, Ginsborg J. One Year on: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Lives of Freelance Orchestral Musicians in the United Kingdom. Front Psychol 2022; 13:885606. [PMID: 35712210 PMCID: PMC9196900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the drastic disruption caused by the sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, 85% of the United Kingdom’s 14,000 orchestral musicians were self-employed freelance workers, engaged in busy and varied portfolio careers comprising a combination of orchestral, West End theatre, chamber music, and commercial recording work. Between May and June 2020 we carried out a first study examining the impact of the pandemic on the lives of 24 self-employed orchestral musicians, all established freelancers. Twelve were mid-career and 12 were late-career (described in that study as “seasoned”). They all reported having lost their much-loved performing careers, missing music making and colleagues, and being anxious about the future of the music profession. However, there were some differences between the two groups: the late-career participants demonstrated greater financial and emotional resilience, while the mid-career musicians reported distress, confusion, and anxiety about their identity as musicians. In the present follow-up study, we aimed to examine the impact of the first year of the pandemic on the lives of 21 of the same musicians. We found that while all the mid-career participants remained committed to their performing careers, many late-career participants aged 54–59 had developed interests in non-performing music work, and the older late-career participants, aged 65 and over, feared that they might already, de facto, have retired. We discuss the findings with reference to the precarity of freelance orchestral musicians’ lives, lifespan models of musicians’ careers, self-determination theory and post-traumatic growth, and their implications for music colleges and musicians’ support organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cohen
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jane Ginsborg
- Centre for Music Performance Research, Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester, United Kingdom
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22
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Guest editorial: Reshaping work and workplaces: learnings from the pandemic for workplace health management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-06-2022-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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When regular meets remarkable: Awe as a link between routine work and meaningful self-narratives. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Community Post-traumatic Growth: Israeli Ultra-Orthodox Coping with Coronavirus. CONTEMPORARY JEWRY 2022; 42:85-112. [PMID: 35466285 PMCID: PMC9015907 DOI: 10.1007/s12397-022-09422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study sheds light on the phenomenon whereby groups experience adversity, following which they show signs of growth. We propose the conceptualization of post-traumatic growth as a phenomenon that also exists at the group level, “community post-traumatic growth” (CPTG). The concept of CPTG is explained using a case study on the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Israel following the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study describes shared characteristics of Israeli ultra-Orthodox society and the crisis it experienced during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, both in terms of physiological features such as the relatively high proportion of affected people and in terms of psychological characteristics such as the shut-down of synagogues and yeshivas, and the perceived discrimination they experienced from the general population in Israel. The present study views the sense of discrimination as a traumatic factor at the group level. In total, 256 participants completed online questionnaires examining three hypotheses: (1) sense of discrimination (trauma) will be correlated with level of CPTG; (2) the level of identification with the ultra-Orthodox culture will be positively related to CPTG, while the level of identification with Israeli culture will be negatively correlated with CPTG; (3) the level of life satisfaction of the individual will be predicted by CPTG. The results supported the hypotheses and are discussed at length in the discussion section.
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25
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Okoli CTC, Seng S. Factors associated with posttraumatic growth among healthcare workers at an academic-medical center: A correlational study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:87-96. [PMID: 33931878 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posttraumatic growth (PTG) can occur after experiencing traumatic events. Our purpose was to examine factors associated with PTG experiences of healthcare workers within an academic-medical center. DESIGN AND METHODS A correlational study was conducted using a convenience sample of 479 healthcare workers at a large academic-medical center. FINDINGS Having children living at home, serving the pediatric population, longer duration of alcohol abstinence, and having received treatment for trauma were significantly associated with greater PTG scores. Compared to nondirect care staff, advance practice providers, nursing staff, social work/psychologists, and pharmacy staff had significantly lower PTG scores. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Understanding the positive psychological changes that occur in workers after trauma experiences may provide insight to guide interventions that promote healthcare worker wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarret Seng
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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26
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Haslam C, Latilla T, Muldoon OT, Cruwys T, Kearns M. Multiple group membership supports resilience and growth in response to violence and abuse. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Tatiana Latilla
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Melbourne DBT Centre Melbourne Queensland Australia
| | - Orla T. Muldoon
- Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Centre for Social Issues Research University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Michelle Kearns
- Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Glencree Centre for Peace and Reconciliation Wicklow Ireland
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27
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Finstad GL, Giorgi G, Lulli LG, Pandolfi C, Foti G, León-Perez JM, Cantero-Sánchez FJ, Mucci N. Resilience, Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Growth in the Workplace Following COVID-19: A Narrative Review on the Positive Aspects of Trauma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9453. [PMID: 34574378 PMCID: PMC8468098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a traumatic event that has profoundly changed working conditions with detrimental consequences for workers' health, in particular for the healthcare population directly involved in addressing the emergency. Nevertheless, previous research has demonstrated that traumatic experiences can also lead to positive reactions, stimulating resilience and feelings of growth. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the positive aspects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible health prevention and promotion strategies by analyzing the available scientific evidence. In particular, we focus on the constructs of resilience, coping strategies and posttraumatic growth (PTG). A literature search was performed on the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Psycinfo databases. Forty-six articles were included in the literature synthesis. Psychological resilience is a fundamental variable for reducing and preventing the negative psychological effects of the pandemic and is associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety and burnout. At the individual and organizational level, resilience plays a crucial role in enhancing wellbeing in healthcare and non-healthcare workers. Connected to resilience, adaptive coping strategies are essential for managing the emergency and work-related stress. Several positive factors influencing resilience have been highlighted in the development of PTG. At the same time, high levels of resilience and positive coping strategies can enhance personal growth. Considering the possible long-term coexistence and consequences of COVID-19, organizational interventions should aim to improve workers' adaptive coping skills, resilience and PTG in order to promote wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Libera Finstad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Business @ Health Laboratory, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriele Giorgi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Caterina Pandolfi
- Business @ Health Laboratory, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Foti
- Business @ Health Laboratory, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.F.)
| | - José M. León-Perez
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.L.-P.); (F.J.C.-S.)
| | | | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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28
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Liu H, Boyatzis RE. Focusing on Resilience and Renewal From Stress: The Role of Emotional and Social Intelligence Competencies. Front Psychol 2021; 12:685829. [PMID: 34248790 PMCID: PMC8264355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals are subject to stressful events from daily chronic stress to traumatic life-changing experiences and the resulting impairment. Efforts to reduce stress or stressors are misdirected. Instead, bouncing back or recovering from such experiences, often called resilience is a far more potent way to ameliorate the ravages of chronic stress and move to a state of renewal, thriving and flourishing. Because we infect each other with stress or renewal through emotional contagion, each person's ability to manage their own emotions as well as those of others and their relationships becomes key to health. These capabilities are called emotional and social intelligence. At the trait level, they are personal dispositions but at the behavioral level they are patterns of behavior we call emotional and social intelligence competencies (ESI). This paper is a review addressing the role of emotional and social intelligence competencies in resilience. By focusing on the behavioral level of ESI, designs for more precise research and practical applications as to how to develop ESI and resilience are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Richard E Boyatzis
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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29
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Wordsworth R, Nilakant V. Unexpected change: Career transitions following a significant extra-organizational shock. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Cohen S, Ginsborg J. The Experiences of Mid-career and Seasoned Orchestral Musicians in the UK During the First COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645967. [PMID: 33897549 PMCID: PMC8062715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of social distancing, as part of efforts to try and curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, has brought about drastic disruption to the world of the performing arts. In the UK the majority of professional orchestral musicians are freelance and therefore self-employed. These players, previously engaged in enjoyable, busy, successful, portfolio careers, are currently unable to earn a living carrying out their everyday work of performing music, and their future working lives are surrounded by great uncertainty. The aim of the present study was to examine how established professional musicians are experiencing this period, and to look for similarities and differences between the experiences of musicians in the middle of their performing careers (aged 35-45), with those of older players (aged 53 and over). Single semi-structured interviews were carried out over Zoom with 24 freelance, self-employed orchestral musicians; 12 mid-career musicians aged 35-45, and 12 seasoned musicians aged 53 and over. Thematic analysis identified themes common to both groups: the loss of a much-loved performing career, missing music making and colleagues, and anxiety about the future of the music profession. It also identified differences between the two groups: challenges to their identity as a musician, the extent of their anxiety about finances, the extent of their emotional distress, attitudes toward practicing and engaging in collaborative music making, and confusion over future career plans. Findings are discussed with reference to lifespan models of musicians' career development, the PERMA model of wellbeing, and the concept of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cohen
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jane Ginsborg
- Centre for Music Performance Research, Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester, United Kingdom
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31
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Liu X, Ju X, Liu X. The relationship between resilience and intent to stay among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in managing COVID-19: The serial mediation effect of post-traumatic growth and perceived professional benefits. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2866-2876. [PMID: 33829673 PMCID: PMC8251295 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the mediating role of post‐traumatic growth and perceived professional benefits between resilience and intent to stay among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in managing COVID‐19. Design A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey. Methods In May 2020, the study recruited a convenience sample of 200 Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in managing COVID‐19. A set of self‐rating questionnaires was used to measure resilience, post‐traumatic growth, perceived professional benefits and intent to stay. Structural equation modelling was performed with 5,000 bootstrap samples using AMOS 23.0. Results The final model provided a good fit for the data. Resilience had the strongest direct effect on intent to stay. Perceived professional benefits partially mediated the association between resilience and intent to stay. Overall, the serial multiple mediations of post‐traumatic growth and perceived professional benefits in the relationship between resilience and intent to stay was statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxing Ju
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Hamood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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33
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Abram MD, Jacobowitz W. Resilience and burnout in healthcare students and inpatient psychiatric nurses: A between-groups study of two populations. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:1-8. [PMID: 33593500 PMCID: PMC7577217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful environments can have significant effects on an individual and lead to burnout. Psychological consequences of burnout include trauma reactions, depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. Resilience, a protective mechanism can mitigate the negative impact of burnout. METHOD This study utilizes an exploratory correlational design to determine whether or not there is 1) a similar correlation between resilience and burnout between psychiatric nurses working in a high stress environment and students who are naive to the high stress academic environment and 2) a higher level of resilience in the psychiatric nurses compared to the healthcare students. RESULTS A significant inverse relationship was observed with respect to resilience and burnout in both the professional nurse and student groups. However, the inpatient psychiatric nurse group was not found to have a higher level of resilience than the student group, when controlling for age. CONCLUSION This suggests that resilience to burnout is not related to the work environment but life experience (age) was found to be a factor related resilience in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Abram
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA; Pulse Center for Patient Safety Education and Advocacy, PO Box 353, Wantagh, NY, 11793, USA.
| | - William Jacobowitz
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA.
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34
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Morgeson FP. Introduction. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-op-08-111720-100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Kuntz JC. Resilience in times of global pandemic: Steering recovery and thriving trajectories. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2020; 70:188-215. [PMID: 33362330 PMCID: PMC7753818 DOI: 10.1111/apps.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Kuntz
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing University of Canterbury PB 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Olson
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tait Shanafelt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Steve Southwick
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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37
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Sinha R, Stothard C. Power asymmetry, egalitarianism and team learning – Part 1: conceptualizing the moderating role of environmental hardship. LEARNING ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/tlo-01-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to understand the effects of team power asymmetry (hierarchy) on team learning.
Design/methodology/approach
Literature suggests that power asymmetry can hurt team learning due to unequal interactions. The authors integrate the situated focus theory of power and the theory of adversarial growth to propose that environmental hardship can moderate this relationship. Such that, under environmental hardship there is a shift in power relations within hierarchical teams, such that power asymmetry positively relates to team learning via increased team egalitarianism (interactional equality).
Findings
The study is presented in two parts. Part 1 reviews the literature and builds the theoretical arguments for the conceptual model, while Part 2 empirically examines the model on a sample of military teams. In Part 1, the authors propose a theoretically derived model and directions for future research in team power, dynamics and learning.
Research limitations/implications
It provides directions to empirically validate a contingency-based model to resolve the dilemma of creating equality and high levels of team learning in hierarchical teams.
Originality/value
The conceptual model and hypotheses contribute to the team learning literature by theoretically clarifying the conditions under which power asymmetry is likely to improve team learning.
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Abstract
Despite Peter Frost’s (1999, p. 128) call for organizational scholars and practitioners to “find suffering as a significant aspect of organizational life,” both have largely remained silent about it. This silence misrepresents the fact that suffering is a pervasive, inescapable, and costly organizational reality. Suffering matters, and a recognition of our general inattention to it exposes an under-appreciated shortcoming of established theories and approaches to management. We must acknowledge, account for, and explicitly investigate suffering if we are to truly understand the full humanity of organizational life. Accordingly, this paper outlines promising areas for future research on suffering in organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kanov
- College of Business and Economics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
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