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Deng NH, Tian Z, Zou YJ, Quan SB. E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31: A potential therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116846. [PMID: 38850648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key mechanism for post-translational protein modification, affecting protein localization, metabolism, degradation and various cellular physiological processes. Dysregulation of ubiquitination is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases, making it a primary area of interest in biochemical research and drug development endeavors. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a pivotal role in modulating the ubiquitination of substrate proteins through their unique recognition functions. TRIM31, a member of the TRIM family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is aberrantly expressed in different pathophysiological conditions. The biological function of TRIM31 is associated with the occurrence and development of diverse diseases. TRIM31 has been demonstrated to inhibit inflammation by promoting ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of the sensing protein NLRP3 in the inflammasome. TRIM31 mediates ubiquitination of MAVS, inducing the formation of prion-like aggregates, and triggering innate antiviral immune responses. TRIM31 is also implicated in tumor pathophysiology through its ability to promote ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor protein p53. These findings indicate that TRIM31 is a potential therapeutic target, and subsequent in-depth research of TRIM31 is anticipated to provide information on its clinical application in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Hua Deng
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Ying-Jiao Zou
- Medical Technology Center, Shilong Town Community Health Service Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Shou-Bo Quan
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China.
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Muñoz Sosa CJ, Lenz C, Hamann A, Farges F, Dopfer J, Krämer A, Cherkashyna V, Tarnovskiy A, Moroz YS, Proschak E, Němec V, Müller S, Saxena K, Knapp S. A C-Degron Structure-Based Approach for the Development of Ligands Targeting the E3 Ligase TRIM7. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 38934237 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
TRIM7 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase with key regulatory functions, mediating viral infection, tumor biology, innate immunity, and cellular processes, such as autophagy and ferroptosis. It contains a PRYSPRY domain that specifically recognizes degron sequences containing C-terminal glutamine. Ligands that bind to the TRIM7 PRYSPRY domain may have applications in the treatment of viral infections, as modulators of inflammation, and in the design of a new class of PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) that mediate the selective degradation of therapeutically relevant proteins (POIs). Here, we developed an assay toolbox for the comprehensive evaluation of TRIM7 ligands. Using TRIM7 degron sequences together with a structure-based design, we developed the first series of peptidomimetic ligands with low micromolar affinity. The terminal carboxylate moiety was required for ligand activity but prevented cell penetration. A prodrug strategy using an ethyl ester resulted in enhanced permeability, which was evaluated using confocal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Muñoz Sosa
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher Lenz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Hamann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederic Farges
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Dopfer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Yurii S Moroz
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, 02094 Kyïv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyïv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Václav Němec
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Krishna Saxena
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hernández-Sarmiento LJ, Tamayo-Molina YS, Valdés-López JF, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Interleukin 27, Similar to Interferons, Modulates Gene Expression of Tripartite Motif (TRIM) Family Members and Interferes with Mayaro Virus Replication in Human Macrophages. Viruses 2024; 16:996. [PMID: 38932287 PMCID: PMC11209095 DOI: 10.3390/v16060996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tripartite motif (TRIM) family includes more than 80 distinct human genes. Their function has been implicated in regulating important cellular processes, including intracellular signaling, transcription, autophagy, and innate immunity. During viral infections, macrophages are key components of innate immunity that produce interferons (IFNs) and IL27. We recently published that IL27 and IFNs induce transcriptional changes in various genes, including those involved in JAK-STAT signaling. Furthermore, IL27 and IFNs share proinflammatory and antiviral pathways in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), resulting in both common and unique expression of inflammatory factors and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) encoding antiviral proteins. Interestingly, many TRIM proteins have been recognized as ISGs in recent years. Although it is already very well described that TRIM expression is induced by IFNs, it is not fully understood whether TRIM genes are induced in macrophages by IL27. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of stimulation with IL27 and type I, II, and III IFNs on the mRNA expression profiles of TRIM genes in MDMs. METHODS We used bulk RNA-seq to examine the TRIM expression profile of MDMs treated with IFNs or IL27. Initially, we characterized the expression patterns of different TRIM subfamilies using a heatmap. Subsequently, a volcano plot was employed to identify commonly differentially expressed TRIM genes. Additionally, we conducted gene ontology analysis with ClueGO to explore the biological processes of the regulated TRIMs, created a gene-gene interaction network using GeneMANIA, and examined protein-protein interactions with the STRING database. Finally, RNA-seq data was validated using RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the effect of IL27 on Mayaro virus replication was also evaluated. RESULTS We found that IL27, similar to IFNs, upregulates several TRIM genes' expression in human macrophages. Specifically, we identified three common TRIM genes (TRIM19, 21, and 22) induced by IL27 and all types of human IFNs. Additionally, we performed the first report of transcriptional regulation of TRIM19, 21, 22, and 69 genes in response to IL27. The TRIMs involved a broad range of biological processes, including defense response to viruses, viral life cycle regulation, and negative regulation of viral processes. In addition, we observed a decrease in Mayaro virus replication in MDMs previously treated with IL27. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that IL27, like IFNs, modulates the transcriptional expression of different TRIM-family members involved in the induction of innate immunity and an antiviral response. In addition, the functional analysis demonstrated that, like IFN, IL27 reduced Mayaro virus replication in MDMs. This implies that IL27 and IFNs share many similarities at a functional level. Moreover, identifying distinct TRIM groups and their differential expressions in response to IL27 provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the antiviral response in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050001, Colombia; (L.J.H.-S.); (Y.S.T.-M.); (J.F.V.-L.)
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Fang H, Wu XM, Zheng SY, Chang MX. Tripartite motif 2b ( trim2b) restricts spring viremia of carp virus by degrading viral proteins and negative regulators NLRP12-like receptors. J Virol 2024; 98:e0015824. [PMID: 38695539 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00158-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in different cellular functions, including regulating virus infection. In teleosts, two orthologous genes of mammalian TRIM2 are identified. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of piscine TRIM2 remain unclear. Here, we show that trim2b-knockout zebrafish are more susceptible to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection than wild-type zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that NOD-like receptor (NLR), but not RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), signaling pathway is significantly enriched in the trim2b-knockout zebrafish. In vitro, overexpression of Trim2b fails to degrade RLRs and those key proteins involved in the RLR signaling pathway but does for negative regulators NLRP12-like proteins. Zebrafish Trim2b degrades NLRP12-like proteins through its NHL_TRIM2_like and IG_FLMN domains in a ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. SVCV-N and SVCV-G proteins are also degraded by NHL_TRIM2_like domains, and the degradation pathway is an autophagy lysosomal pathway. Moreover, zebrafish Trim2b can interfere with the binding between NLRP12-like protein and SVCV viral RNA and can completely block the negative regulation of NLRP12-like protein on SVCV infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the mechanism of action of zebrafish trim2b against SVCV infection is through targeting the degradation of host-negative regulators NLRP12-like receptors and viral SVCV-N/SVCV-G genes.IMPORTANCESpring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a lethal freshwater pathogen that causes high mortality in cyprinid fish. In the present study, we identified zebrafish trim2b, NLRP12-L1, and NLRP12-L2 as potential pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for sensing and binding viral RNA. Zebrafish trim2b functions as a positive regulator; however, NLRP12-L1 and NLRP12-L2 function as negative regulators during SVCV infection. Furthermore, we find that zebrafish trim2b decreases host lethality in two manners. First, zebrafish Trim2b promotes protein degradations of negative regulators NLRP12-L1 and NLRP12-L2 by enhancing K48-linked ubiquitination and decreasing K63-linked ubiquitination. Second, zebrafish trim2b targets viral RNAs for degradation. Therefore, this study reveals a special antiviral mechanism in lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Yao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Won J, Kang HS, Kim NY, Dezhbord M, Marakkalage KG, Lee EH, Lee D, Park S, Kim DS, Kim KH. Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 is involved in IFN-γ-induced suppression of hepatitis B virus by regulating hepatocyte nuclear factors. J Virol 2024; 98:e0046824. [PMID: 38780244 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00468-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The antiviral role of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family , a member of the E3-ubiquitin ligase family, has recently been actively studied. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major contributor to liver diseases; however, the host factors regulated by cytokine-inducible TRIM21 to suppress HBV remain unclear. In this study, we showed the antiviral efficacy of TRIM21 against HBV in hepatoma cell lines, primary human hepatocytes isolated from patient liver tissues, and mouse model. Using TRIM21 knock-out cells, we confirmed that the antiviral effects of interferon-gamma, which suppress HBV replication, are diminished when TRIM21 is deficient. Northern blot analysis confirmed a reduction of HBV RNA levels by TRIM21. Using Luciferase reporter assay, we also discovered that TRIM21 decreases the activity of HBV enhancers, which play a crucial role in covalently closed circular DNA transcription. The participation of the RING domain and PRY-SPRY domain in the anti-HBV effect of TRIM21 was demonstrated through experiments using deletion mutants. We identified a novel interaction between TRIM21 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) through co-immunoprecipitation assay. More specifically, ubiquitination assay revealed that TRIM21 promotes ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of HNF4α. HNF1α transcription is down-regulated as a result of the degradation of HNF4α, an activator for the HNF1α promoter. Therefore, the reduction of key HBV enhancer activators, HNF4α and HNF1α, by TRIM21 resulted in a decline in HBV transcription, ultimately leading to the inhibition of HBV replication.IMPORTANCEDespite extensive research efforts, a definitive cure for chronic hepatitis B remains elusive, emphasizing the persistent importance of this viral infection as a substantial public health concern. Although the risks associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are well known, host factors capable of suppressing HBV are largely uncharacterized. This study elucidates that tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) suppresses HBV transcription and consequently inhibits HBV replication by downregulating the hepatocyte nuclear factors, which are host factors associated with the HBV enhancers. Our findings demonstrate a novel anti-HBV mechanism of TRIM21 in interferon-gamma-induced anti-HBV activity. These findings may contribute to new strategies to block HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Won
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehrangiz Dezhbord
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Hwi Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soree Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bonhomme D, Poirier EZ. Early signaling pathways in virus-infected cells. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101411. [PMID: 38718574 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Virus infection activates specific pattern recognition receptors and immune signal transduction, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and activation of innate immunity. We describe here the molecular organization of early signaling pathways downstream of viral recognition, including conformational changes, post-translational modifications, formation of oligomers, and generation of small-molecule second messengers. Such molecular organization allows tight regulation of immune signal transduction, characterized by swift but transient responses, nonlinearity, and signal amplification. Pathologies of early immune signaling caused by genomic mutations illustrate the fine regulation of the immune transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bonhomme
- Institut Curie, Stem Cell Immunity Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Enzo Z Poirier
- Institut Curie, Stem Cell Immunity Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.
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Cai H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Wu H, Sun Y, Guo F, Zhou Y, Qin G, Xia W, Zhao Y, Liang X, Yin S, Qin Y, Li D, Wu H, Ren D. Ubiquitin ligase TRIM15 promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer via the upregulation of the IGF2BP2-TLR4 axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167183. [PMID: 38657551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tripartite motif family, predominantly characterized by its E3 ubiquitin ligase activities, is involved in various cellular processes including signal transduction, apoptosis and autophagy, protein quality control, immune regulation, and carcinogenesis. Tripartite Motif Containing 15 (TRIM15) plays an important role in melanoma progression through extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation; however, data on its role in pancreatic tumors remain lacking. We previously demonstrated that TRIM15 targeted lipid synthesis and metabolism in pancreatic cancer; however, other specific regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS We used transcriptomics and proteomics, conducted a series of phenotypic experiments, and used a mouse orthotopic transplantation model to study the specific mechanism of TRIM15 in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TRIM15 overexpression promoted the progression of pancreatic cancer by upregulating the toll-like receptor 4. The TRIM15 binding protein, IGF2BP2, could combine with TLR4 to inhibit its mRNA degradation. Furthermore, the ubiquitin level of IGF2BP2 was positively correlated with TRIM15. CONCLUSIONS TRIM15 could ubiquitinate IGF2BP2 to enhance the function of phase separation and the maintenance of mRNA stability of TLR4. TRIM15 is a potential therapeutic target against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Cai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heyu Wu
- Department of Operating Room, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yingke Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gengdu Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wentao Xia
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xueyi Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shilin Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Wang C, Chang R, Li J, Li L. TRIM47 silencing inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of prostate cancer cells by regulating MDM2/p53 signaling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01308-7. [PMID: 38802602 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent male malignancy globally. Tripartite motif 47 (TRIM47) has been reported to be associated with PCa. However, how TRIM47 acts on PCa is still incompletely understood. Here, we explored the biological roles of TRIM47 in PCa cells and investigated its potential regulatory mechanism. TRIM47 expression in PCa cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. After TRIM47 silencing, the viability of PCa cells was measured using CCK-8 method. Flow cytometry was employed to estimate cell cycle. Cell apoptotic level was subjected to appraisement with TUNEL assay. Additionally, wound healing- and transwell assays were adopted for evaluation of migration and invasion of PCa cells. Moreover, the Biogrid database and HDOCK SERVER predicated that TRIM47 could interact with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), which was detected using the Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay. The expression of proteins in MDM2/p53 signaling was detected by western blot analysis. Results indicated that TRIM47 expression was highly expressed in PCa cells. TRIM47 knockdown inhibited PCa proliferation and cell cycle whereas promoted cell apoptosis. Besides, TRIM47 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, TRIM47 was proved to bind to MDM2 and regulated MDM2/p53 expression. Importantly, MDM2 overexpression counteracted the impacts of TRIM47 knockdown on cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion by regulating the MDM2/p53 pathway. Collectively, our results suggested that TRIM47 silencing inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of prostate cancer cells by regulating MDM2/p53 signaling, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, 233000, Anhui Province, China
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Sinha P, Thio CL, Balagopal A. Intracellular Host Restriction of Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:764. [PMID: 38793645 PMCID: PMC11125714 DOI: 10.3390/v16050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes and hijacks host cellular mechanisms for its replication. Host proteins can be frontline effectors of the cell's defense and restrict viral replication by impeding multiple steps during its intracellular lifecycle. This review summarizes many of the well-described restriction factors, their mechanisms of restriction, and counteractive measures of HBV, with a special focus on viral transcription. We discuss some of the limitations and knowledge gaps about the restriction factors, highlighting how these factors may be harnessed to facilitate therapeutic strategies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.T.)
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Hoenigsperger H, Koepke L, Acharya D, Hunszinger V, Freisem D, Grenzner A, Wiese S, Kirchhoff F, Gack MU, Sparrer KM. CSNK2 suppresses autophagy by activating FLN-NHL-containing TRIM proteins. Autophagy 2024; 20:994-1014. [PMID: 37938186 PMCID: PMC11135829 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2281128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a tightly regulated cellular process integral to homeostasis and innate immunity. As such, dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. While numerous factors that promote autophagy have been characterized, the key mechanisms that prevent excessive autophagy are less well understood. Here, we identify CSNK2/CK2 (casein kinase 2) as a negative regulator of autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of CSNK2 activity or siRNA-mediated depletion of CSNK2 increased basal autophagic flux in cell lines and primary human lung cells. Vice versa, ectopic expression of CSNK2 reduced autophagic flux. Mechanistically, CSNK2 interacted with the FLN (filamin)-NHL domain-containing tripartite motif (TRIM) family members TRIM2, TRIM3 and TRIM71. Our data show that recruitment of CSNK2 to the C-terminal NHL domain of TRIM3 lead to its robust phosphorylation at serine 661 by CSNK2. A phosphorylation-defective mutant of TRIM3 was unable to reduce autophagosome numbers indicating that phosphorylation by CSNK2 is required for TRIM-mediated autophagy inhibition. All three TRIMs facilitated inactivation of the ULK1-BECN1 autophagy initiation complex by facilitating ULK1 serine 757 phosphorylation. Inhibition of CSNK2 promoted autophagy upon influenza A virus (IAV) and measles virus (MeV) infection. In line with this, targeting of CSNK2 or depletion of TRIM2, TRIM3 or TRIM71 enhanced autophagy-dependent restriction of IAV, MeV and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Thus, our results identify the CSNK2-TRIM2, -TRIM3, -TRIM71 axis as a key regulatory pathway that limits autophagy. Targeting this axis may allow for therapeutic induction of autophagy against viral infections and in diseases associated with dysregulated autophagy.Abbreviation: ATG5: autophagy related 5; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CCD: coiled-coil domain; CSNK2/CK2: casein kinase 2; CSNK2A1: casein kinase 2 alpha 1; CSNK2A2: casein kinase 2 alpha 2; CSNK2B: casein kinase 2 beta; FLN: filamin; HeLa GL: HeLa cells stably expressing eGFP-LC3B; HIV-1: human immunodeficiency virus 1; IAV: influenza A virus; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MeV: measles virus; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RING: really interesting new gene; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TRIM: tripartite motif; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Hoenigsperger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Dhiraj Acharya
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Hunszinger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freisem
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Grenzner
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Konstantin M.J. Sparrer
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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11
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Polinski JM, Castellano KR, Buckley KM, Bodnar AG. Genomic signatures of exceptional longevity and negligible aging in the long-lived red sea urchin. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114021. [PMID: 38564335 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) is one of the Earth's longest-living animals, reported to live more than 100 years with indeterminate growth, life-long reproduction, and no increase in mortality rate with age. To understand the genetic underpinnings of longevity and negligible aging, we constructed a chromosome-level assembly of the red sea urchin genome and compared it to that of short-lived sea urchin species. Genome-wide syntenic alignments identified chromosome rearrangements that distinguish short- and long-lived species. Expanded gene families in long-lived species play a role in innate immunity, sensory nervous system, and genome stability. An integrated network of genes under positive selection in the red sea urchin was involved in genomic regulation, mRNA fidelity, protein homeostasis, and mitochondrial function. Our results implicated known longevity genes in sea urchin longevity but also revealed distinct molecular signatures that may promote long-term maintenance of tissue homeostasis, disease resistance, and negligible aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea G Bodnar
- Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA.
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12
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Zhang J, Shi H, Zhang L, Feng T, Chen J, Zhang X, Ji Z, Jing Z, Zhu X, Liu D, Yang X, Zeng M, Shi D, Feng L. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein antagonizes the IFN response through inhibiting TRIM25 oligomerization and functional activation of RIG-I/TRIM25. Vet Res 2024; 55:44. [PMID: 38589930 PMCID: PMC11000385 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), an emerging Alpha-coronavirus, brings huge economic loss in swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) participate in a frontline antiviral defense mechanism triggering the activation of numerous downstream antiviral genes. Here, we demonstrated that TRIM25 overexpression significantly inhibited SADS-CoV replication, whereas TRIM25 deficiency markedly increased viral yield. We found that SADS-CoV N protein suppressed interferon-beta (IFN-β) production induced by Sendai virus (SeV) or poly(I:C). Moreover, we determined that SADS-CoV N protein interacted with RIG-I N-terminal two caspase activation and recruitment domains (2CARDs) and TRIM25 coiled-coil dimerization (CCD) domain. The interaction of SADS-CoV N protein with RIG-I and TRIM25 caused TRIM25 multimerization inhibition, the RIG-I-TRIM25 interaction disruption, and consequent the IRF3 and TBK1 phosphorylation impediment. Overexpression of SADS-CoV N protein facilitated the replication of VSV-GFP by suppressing IFN-β production. Our results demonstrate that SADS-CoV N suppresses the host IFN response, thus highlighting the significant involvement of TRIM25 in regulating antiviral immune defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Tingshuai Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Dakai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Miaomiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin, 150069, China.
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Ma T, Wu C, Shen Q, Wang Q, Zhou Q. TRIM52 knockdown inhibits proliferation, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in IL-1β-induced synovial fibroblasts to alleviate temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18244. [PMID: 38520211 PMCID: PMC10960171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of tripartite motif 52 (TRIM52) in the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Gene and protein expression were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical kit, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays were carried out to assess cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CD68 and Vimentin in primary synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Haematoxylin and eosin staining and Safranin O/Fast green were used to evaluate the pathological damage of synovial and cartilage tissue in rats. TRIM52 was upregulated in the synovial tissue and SFs in patients with TMJOA. Interleukin (IL)-1β treatment upregulated TRIM52 expression in TMJOA SFs and normal SF (NSF), promoting cell proliferation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in NSF, SFs. Silence of TRIM52 relieved the cell proliferation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by IL-1β in SFs, while overexpression of TRIM52 enhanced IL-1β induction. Meanwhile, IL-1β induction activated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, which was augmented by upregulation of TRIM52 in NSF, and was attenuated by TRIM52 knockdown in SFs. Besides, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid ameliorated IL-1β-induced proliferation and inflammatory response by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling. Meanwhile, TRIM52 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in IL-1β-induced SFs through downregulation of TLR4. TRIM52 promoted cell proliferation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in IL-1β-induced SFs. The above functions were mediated by the activation of TLR4/NF- κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Ma
- School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseaseShenyangLiaoningChina
- Department of StomatologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Chuan‐bin Wu
- School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseaseShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Qing‐xia Shen
- School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseaseShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseaseShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Qing Zhou
- School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseaseShenyangLiaoningChina
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14
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Wei Y, Gu Y, Zhou Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Sun H. TRIM21 Promotes Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis through the SQSTM1-NRF2-KEAP1 Axis to Increase the Titers of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3315. [PMID: 38542289 PMCID: PMC10970474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) is involved in signal transduction and antiviral responses through the ubiquitination of protein targets. TRIM21 was reported to be related to the imbalance of host cell homeostasis caused by viral infection. Our studies indicated that H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection up-regulated TRIM21 expression in A549 cells. Western blot and qPCR results showed that knockdown of TRIM21 alleviated oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by H5N1 HPAIV and promoted the activation of antioxidant pathways. Co-IP results showed that TRIM21 promoted oxidative stress and ferroptosis by regulating the SQSTM1-NRF2-KEAP1 axis by increasing SQSTM1 K63-linked polyubiquitination under the condition of HPAIV infection. In addition, TRIM21 attenuated the inhibitory effect of antioxidant NAC on HPAIV titers and enhanced the promoting effect of ferroptosis agonist Erastin on HPAIV titers. Our findings provide new insight into the role of TRIM21 in oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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15
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Hua F, Nass T, Parvatiyar K. TRIM28 facilitates type I interferon activation by targeting TBK1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1279920. [PMID: 38495890 PMCID: PMC10940511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1279920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons play a fundamental role in innate host defense against viral infections by eliciting the induction of an antiviral gene program that serves to inhibit viral replication. Activation of type I interferon is regulated by the IRF3 transcription factor, which undergoes phosphorylation-dependent activation by the upstream kinase, TBK1, during viral infection. However, the mechanisms by which TBK1 achieves activation to support signaling to IRF3 remain incompletely understood. Here we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28), as a positive regulator of type I interferon activation by facilitating TBK1 signaling. Genetic deletion of TRIM28 via CRISPR-Cas9 editing resulted in impaired type I interferon activation upon both RNA and DNA virus challenge, corresponding with increased susceptibility to virus infections in TRIM28 knockout cells. Mechanistically, TRIM28 interacted with TBK1 and mediated the assembly of K63-linked ubiquitin chains onto TBK1, a post-translational modification shown to augment TBK1 signal transmission events. TRIM28 knockout cells further displayed defective TBK1 phosphorylation and complex assembly with IRF3, resulting in impaired IRF3 phosphorylation. Altogether, our data demonstrate TBK1 to be a novel substrate for TRIM28 and identify TRIM28 as an essential regulatory factor in controlling innate antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tim Nass
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kislay Parvatiyar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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16
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Liu Y, Jiang N, Chen W, Zhang W, Shen X, Jia B, Chen G. TRIM59-mediated ferroptosis enhances neuroblastoma development and chemosensitivity through p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26014. [PMID: 38434050 PMCID: PMC10906161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, predominantly afflicting young individuals, is characterized as an embryonal tumor, with poor prognosis primarily attributed to chemoresistance. This study delved into the impact of tripartite motif (TRIM) 59, an E3 ligase, on neuroblastoma development and chemosensitivity through mediating ferroptosis and the involvement of the tumor suppressor p53. Clinical samples were assessed for TRIM59 and p53 levels to explore their correlation with neuroblastoma differentiation. In neuroblastoma cells, modulation of TRIM59 expression, either through overexpression or knockdown, was coupled with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) therapy. In vivo assessments examined the influence of TRIM59 knockdown on neuroblastoma chemosensitivity to DOX. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays investigated the association between TRIM59 and p53. Proliferation was gauged with Cell Counting Kit-8, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed via flow cytometry, and protein levels were determined by Western blotting. TRIM59 expression was inversely correlated with neuroblastoma differentiation and positively linked to cell proliferation in response to DOX. Moreover, TRIM59 impeded lipid ROS generation and ferroptosis by directly interacting with p53, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation in DOX-exposed neuroblastoma cells. Fer-1 countered the impact of TRIM59 knockdown on neuroblastoma, while TRIM59 knockdown enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DOX in xenograph mice. This study underscores TRIM59 as an oncogene in neuroblastoma, fostering growth and chemoresistance by suppressing ferroptosis through p53 ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM59 emerges as a potential strategy for neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weicheng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
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17
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Fan L, Zhou Y, Wei X, Feng W, Guo H, Li Y, Gao X, Zhou J, Wen Y, Wu Y, Shen X, Liu L, Xu G, Zhang Z. The E3 ligase TRIM22 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication by promoting proteasomal degradation of NSP8. mBio 2024; 15:e0232023. [PMID: 38275298 PMCID: PMC10865846 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02320-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome is mediated by a complex of non-structural proteins (NSPs), of which NSP7 and NSP8 serve as subunits and play a key role in promoting the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of NSP12. However, the stability of subunits of the RdRp complex has rarely been reported. Here, we found that NSP8 was degraded by the proteasome in host cells, and identified tripartite motif containing 22 (TRIM22) as its E3 ligase. The interferon (IFN) signaling pathway was activated upon viral invasion into host cells, and TRIM22 expression increased. TRIM22 interacted with NSP8 and ubiquitinated it at Lys97 via K48-type ubiquitination. TRIM22 overexpression significantly reduced viral RNA and protein levels. Knockdown of TRIM22 enhanced viral replication. This study provides a new explanation for treating patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 with IFNs and new possibilities for drug development targeting the interaction between NSP8 and TRIM22.IMPORTANCENon-structural proteins (NSPs) play a crucial role in the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, facilitating virus amplification and propagation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the stability of all subunits comprising the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. Notably, our results reveal for the first time that NSP8 is a relatively unstable protein, which is found to be readily recognized and degraded by the proteasome. This degradation process is mediated by the host E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 22 (TRIM22), which is also a member of the interferon stimulated gene (ISG) family. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism of antiviral effect of TRIM22, which utilizes its own E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to hinder viral replication by inducing ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NSP8. These findings provide new ideas for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, the conserved property of NSP8 raises the possibility of developing broad antiviral drugs targeting the TRIM22-NSP8 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Fan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiafei Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanling Wen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yezi Wu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Shen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis, Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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18
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Woottum M, Yan S, Sayettat S, Grinberg S, Cathelin D, Bekaddour N, Herbeuval JP, Benichou S. Macrophages: Key Cellular Players in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:288. [PMID: 38400063 PMCID: PMC10893316 DOI: 10.3390/v16020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cells of the myeloid lineages, including tissue macrophages and conventional dendritic cells, were rapidly recognized, in addition to CD4+ T lymphocytes, as target cells of HIV-1, their specific roles in the pathophysiology of infection were initially largely neglected. However, numerous studies performed over the past decade, both in vitro in cell culture systems and in vivo in monkey and humanized mouse animal models, led to growing evidence that macrophages play important direct and indirect roles as HIV-1 target cells and in pathogenesis. It has been recently proposed that macrophages are likely involved in all stages of HIV-1 pathogenesis, including virus transmission and dissemination, but above all, in viral persistence through the establishment, together with latently infected CD4+ T cells, of virus reservoirs in many host tissues, the major obstacle to virus eradication in people living with HIV. Infected macrophages are indeed found, very often as multinucleated giant cells expressing viral antigens, in almost all lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of HIV-1-infected patients, where they can probably persist for long period of time. In addition, macrophages also likely participate, directly as HIV-1 targets or indirectly as key regulators of innate immunity and inflammation, in the chronic inflammation and associated clinical disorders observed in people living with HIV, even in patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. The main objective of this review is therefore to summarize the recent findings, and also to revisit older data, regarding the critical functions of tissue macrophages in the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection, both as major HIV-1-infected target cells likely found in almost all tissues, as well as regulators of innate immunity and inflammation during the different stages of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Woottum
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sen Yan
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Sayettat
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Séverine Grinberg
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Dominique Cathelin
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Nassima Bekaddour
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Serge Benichou
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
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19
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Su CM, Hung YF, Tang J, Han M, Everett R, Yoo D. Suppression of TRIM19 by arterivirus nonstructural protein 1 promotes viral replication. Virus Res 2024; 340:199302. [PMID: 38104946 PMCID: PMC10776440 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins are a family of regulatory proteins that can participate in the induction of antiviral cytokines and antagonize viral replication. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is known as TRIM19 and is a major scaffold protein organizing the PML nuclear bodies (NBs). PML NBs are membrane-less organelles in the nucleus and play a diverse role in maintaining cellular homeostasis including antiviral response. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a member virus of the family Arteriviridae, inhibits type I interferon (IFN) response during infection, and nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of the virus has been identified as a potent IFN antagonist. We report that the numbers of PML NBs per nucleus were significantly downregulated during infection of PRRSV. The overexpression of all six isoforms of PML suppressed the PRRSV replication, and conversely, the silencing of PML gene expression enhanced the PRRSV replication. The suppression of PML NBs by the nsp1 protein was common in other member viruses of the family, represented by equine arteritis virus, lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus of mice, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus. Our study unveils a conserved viral strategy in arteriviruses for innate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Su
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Yu Fan Hung
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Junyu Tang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Roger Everett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Center for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dongwan Yoo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
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20
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Ahsan N, Shariq M, Surolia A, Raj R, Khan MF, Kumar P. Multipronged regulation of autophagy and apoptosis: emerging role of TRIM proteins. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:13. [PMID: 38225560 PMCID: PMC10790450 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
TRIM proteins are characterized by their conserved N-terminal RING, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. These proteins are efficient regulators of autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immune responses and confer immunity against viruses and bacteria. TRIMs function as receptors or scaffold proteins that target substrates for autophagy-mediated degradation. Most TRIMs interact with the BECN1-ULK1 complex to form TRIMosomes, thereby efficiently targeting substrates to autophagosomes. They regulate the functions of ATG proteins through physical interactions or ubiquitination. TRIMs affect the lipidation of MAP1LC3B1 to form MAP1LC3B2, which is a prerequisite for phagophore and autophagosome formation. In addition, they regulate MTOR kinase and TFEB, thereby regulating the expression of ATG genes. TRIM proteins are efficient regulators of apoptosis and are crucial for regulating cell proliferation and tumor formation. Many TRIM proteins regulate intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis via the cell surface receptors TGFBR2, TNFRSF1A, and FAS. Mitochondria modulate the anti- and proapoptotic functions of BCL2, BAX, BAK1, and CYCS. These proteins use a multipronged approach to regulate the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, culminating in coordinated activation or inhibition of the initiator and executor CASPs. Furthermore, TRIMs can have a dual effect in determining cell fate and are therefore crucial for cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss mechanistic insights into the role of TRIM proteins in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, which can be used to better understand cellular physiology. These findings can be used to develop therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat multiple genetic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Ahsan
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 460012, India.
| | - Reshmi Raj
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Pramod Kumar
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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21
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Essouma M. Autoimmune inflammatory myopathy biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117742. [PMID: 38176522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmune inflammatory myopathy disease spectrum, commonly known as myositis, is a group of systemic diseases that mainly affect the muscles, skin and lungs. Biomarker assessment helps in understanding disease mechanisms, allowing for the implementation of precise strategies in the classification, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. This review examines the pathogenic mechanisms and highlights current data on blood and tissue biomarkers of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Essouma
- Network of Immunity in Infections, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Cameroon
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22
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Whitworth I, Knoener RA, Puray-Chavez M, Halfmann P, Romero S, Baddouh M, Scalf M, Kawaoka Y, Kutluay SB, Smith LM, Sherer NM. Defining Distinct RNA-Protein Interactomes of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic and Subgenomic RNAs. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:149-160. [PMID: 38043095 PMCID: PMC10804885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Host RNA binding proteins recognize viral RNA and play key roles in virus replication and antiviral mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 generates a series of tiered subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), each encoding distinct viral protein(s) that regulate different aspects of viral replication. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the successful isolation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA and three distinct sgRNAs (N, S, and ORF8) from a single population of infected cells and characterize their protein interactomes. Over 500 protein interactors (including 260 previously unknown) were identified as associated with one or more target RNA. These included protein interactors unique to a single RNA pool and others present in multiple pools, highlighting our ability to discriminate between distinct viral RNA interactomes despite high sequence similarity. Individual interactomes indicated viral associations with cell response pathways, including regulation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules and posttranscriptional gene silencing. We tested the significance of three protein interactors in these pathways (APOBEC3F, PPP1CC, and MSI2) using siRNA knockdowns, with several knockdowns affecting viral gene expression, most consistently PPP1CC. This study describes a new technology for high-resolution studies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA regulation and reveals a wealth of new viral RNA-associated host factors of potential functional significance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella
T. Whitworth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rachel A. Knoener
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- McArdle
Laboratory for Cancer Research and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine
and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Influenza
Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sofia Romero
- McArdle
Laboratory for Cancer Research and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine
and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M’bark Baddouh
- McArdle
Laboratory for Cancer Research and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine
and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza
Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Division
of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- The
Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Pandemic
Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Sebla B. Kutluay
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lloyd M. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nathan M. Sherer
- McArdle
Laboratory for Cancer Research and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine
and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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Zhang M, Tan H, Gong Y, Faleti OD, Li D, Yang J, Huang J, Long J, Luo Q, Wu G, Zheng L, Lyu X. TRIM26 restricts Epstein-Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells through K48-linked ubiquitination of HSP-90β. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23345. [PMID: 38038978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300929rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of proteins is known for their antiviral activity through different mechanisms, such as interfering with viral components, regulating immune responses, and participating in autophagy-mediated defense pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of tripartite interaction motif 26 (TRIM26), which is encoded by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene, in regulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We found that TRIM26 expression was induced upon EBV infection and that it indirectly targeted EphA2, a crucial epithelial receptor for EBV entry. Our results showed that TRIM26 interacted with heat shock protein 90-beta (HSP-90β) and promoted its polyubiquitination, which led to its degradation via the proteasome pathway. This, in turn, affected EphA2 integrity and suppressed EBV infection. These findings suggest that TRIM26 could be a valuable target for developing therapeutic interventions against EBV infection and its associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqi Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oluwasijibomi Damola Faleti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dengke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshuang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongfa Wu
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Wang L, Lin N, Zhang Y, Guo S, Liu C, Lin C, Zeng Y, Wu W, Guo J, Zhu C, Zhan F, Ou Q, Xun Z. A novel TRIM22 gene polymorphism promotes the response to PegIFNα therapy through cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway in chronic hepatitis B. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0224723. [PMID: 37882560 PMCID: PMC10715138 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02247-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pegylated interferon alfa (PegIFNα) has limited efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Although many biomarkers related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been proposed to stratify patients, the response rate to PegIFNα is still unsatisfactory. Herein, our data suggest that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10838543 in TRIM22 potentiates a positive clinical response to PegIFNα treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive CHB by increasing the levels of IFNL1, CCL3, and CCL5. These observations can help guide treatment decisions for patients with CHB to improve the response rate to PegIFNα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ni Lin
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wennan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chenggong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fuguo Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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25
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Zhai H, Wang T, Liu D, Pan L, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Autophagy as a dual-faced host response to viral infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289170. [PMID: 38125906 PMCID: PMC10731275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy selectively degrades viral particles or cellular components, either facilitating or inhibiting viral replication. Conversely, most viruses have evolved strategies to escape or exploit autophagy. Moreover, autophagy collaborates with the pattern recognition receptor signaling, influencing the expression of adaptor molecules involved in the innate immune response and regulating the expression of interferons (IFNs). The intricate relationship between autophagy and IFNs plays a critical role in the host cell defense against microbial invasion. Therefore, it is important to summarize the interactions between viral infections, autophagy, and the host defense mechanisms against viruses. This review specifically focuses on the interactions between autophagy and IFN pathways during viral infections, providing a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms utilized or evaded by different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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26
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Dudley-Fraser J, Rittinger K. It's a TRIM-endous view from the top: the varied roles of TRIpartite Motif proteins in brain development and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1287257. [PMID: 38115822 PMCID: PMC10728303 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1287257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family members have been implicated in a multitude of physiologies and pathologies in different tissues. With diverse functions in cellular processes including regulation of signaling pathways, protein degradation, and transcriptional control, the impact of TRIM dysregulation can be multifaceted and complex. Here, we focus on the cellular and molecular roles of TRIMs identified in the brain in the context of a selection of pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration. By examining each disease in parallel with described roles in brain development, we aim to highlight fundamental common mechanisms employed by TRIM proteins and identify opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Dudley-Fraser
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Wang L, Li H, Huang A, Zhao Y, Xiao C, Dong J, Liu X, Shao N. Mutual regulation between TRIM21 and TRIM8 via K48-linked ubiquitination. Oncogene 2023; 42:3708-3718. [PMID: 37914816 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins, one of the largest subfamilies of the RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases, control important biological processes such as cell apoptosis, autophagy, signal transduction, innate immunity and tumorigenesis. So far, the mutual regulation between TRIM family members has rarely been reported. Here, we found for the first time that there was a direct mutual regulation between TRIM21 and TRIM8 in lung and renal cancer cells, mechanistically by activating their proteasome pathway via Lys48 (K48)- linked ubiquitination. Subsequent studies verified that negatively correlated expressions existed in clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues, which were closely related to tumor progression. Our findings highlighted a possible homeostasis between TRIM21 and TRIM8 that might possibly affect cell stemness and was expected to provide a new idea for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Aixue Huang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Can Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Ningsheng Shao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China.
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Pi Y, Li Y, Yan Q, Luo H, Zhou P, Chang W, Gong D, Hu Y, Wang K, Tang N, Huang A, Chen Y. SPOP inhibits HBV transcription and replication by ubiquitination and degradation of HNF1α. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29254. [PMID: 38018242 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health burden worldwide. The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) within the nucleus of infected hepatocytes is responsible for the failure of antiviral treatments. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as a promising antiviral target, as it can regulate HBV replication by promoting critical protein degradation in steps of viral life cycle. Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is a critical adaptor for Cul3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, but the effect of SPOP on HBV replication is less known. Here, we identified SPOP as a novel host antiviral factor against HBV infection. SPOP overexpression significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of HBV cccDNA without affecting cccDNA level in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP and primary human hepatocyte cells. Mechanism studies showed that SPOP interacted with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), and induced HNF1α degradation through host UPS pathway. Moreover, the antiviral role of SPOP was also confirmed in vivo. Together, our findings reveal that SPOP is a novel host factor which inhibits HBV transcription and replication by ubiquitination and degradation of HNF1α, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Pi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Chongqing Big Data Research Institute of Peking University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Deao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gu J, Chen J, Xiang S, Zhou X, Li J. Intricate confrontation: Research progress and application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immune escape. J Adv Res 2023; 54:147-179. [PMID: 36736694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have more than 80 members and are widely found in various eukaryotic cells. Most TRIM family proteins participate in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system as E3-ubiquitin ligases; therefore, they play pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, including tumor immune escape. Due to the diversity of functional domains of TRIM family proteins, they can extensively participate in multiple signaling pathways of tumor immune escape through different substrates. In current research and clinical contexts, immune escape has become an urgent problem. The extensive participation of TRIM family proteins in curing tumors or preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis makes them promising targets. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of the review is to make up for the gap in the current research on TRIM family proteins and tumor immune escape and propose future development directions according to the current progress and problems. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This up-to-date review summarizes the characteristics and biological functions of TRIM family proteins, discusses the mechanisms of TRIM family proteins involved in tumor immune escape, and highlights the specific mechanism from the level of structure-function-molecule-pathway-phenotype, including mechanisms at the level of protein domains and functions, at the level of molecules and signaling pathways, and at the level of cells and microenvironments. We also discuss the application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immunotherapy, such as possible treatment strategies for combination targeting TRIM family protein drugs and checkpoint inhibitors for improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuaixi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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30
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Fernandes AP, OhAinle M, Esteves PJ. Patterns of Evolution of TRIM Genes Highlight the Evolutionary Plasticity of Antiviral Effectors in Mammals. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad209. [PMID: 37988574 PMCID: PMC10709114 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system of mammals is formed by a complex web of interacting proteins, which together constitute the first barrier of entry for infectious pathogens. Genes from the E3-ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif (TRIM) family have been shown to play an important role in the innate immune system by restricting the activity of different retrovirus species. For example, TRIM5 and TRIM22 have both been associated with HIV restriction and are regarded as crucial parts of the antiretroviral machinery of mammals. Our analyses of positive selection corroborate the great significance of these genes for some groups of mammals. However, we also show that many species lack TRIM5 and TRIM22 altogether. By analyzing a large number of mammalian genomes, here we provide the first comprehensive view of the evolution of these genes in eutherians, showcasing that the pattern of accumulation of TRIM genes has been dissimilar across mammalian orders. Our data suggest that these differences are caused by the evolutionary plasticity of the immune system of eutherians, which have adapted to use different strategies to combat retrovirus infections. Altogether, our results provide insights into the dissimilar evolution of a representative family of restriction factors, highlighting an example of adaptive and idiosyncratic evolution in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Fernandes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Molly OhAinle
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pedro J Esteves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
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31
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Peng Z, Zhang C, Yin B, He Y, Li W, Wang J, Xiao J, Peng K, Bao C, Zhu R. TRIM21 of Micropterus salmoides exerts antiviral roles against largemouth bass ulcer syndrome virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109176. [PMID: 37858784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21), a member of the TRIM family, plays an important role in apoptosis, autophagy and ubiquitination in human, and has been proven to play antiviral roles in different organisms. In this study, the TRIM21 gene of Micropterus salmoides (MsTRIM21) was cloned, and it encoded 376 amino acids, which showed 89.3% similarity with Micropterus dolomieu and 38.3% with homo sapiens. Bioinformatics analysis revealed MsTRIM21 contained four domains: C4HC3-type RING-variant (RINGv), coiled coil, PRY and SPRY. The high expression level of MsTRIM21 could be detected in liver, stomach and muscle of healthy Micropterus salmoides, and it was significantly upregulated in head kidney, muscle, gill and brain and significantly down-regulated in the stomach of Micropterus salmoides infected with largemouth bass ulcer syndrome virus (LBUSV). The overexpression of MsTRIM21 could significantly inhibit the viral replication in vitro, evidenced by the reduction of CPE severity and the downregulation of the viral gene transcription. In addition, the overexpression of MsTRIM21 could significantly increase the expression level of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3, IRF7, myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in vitro, indicating the enhancement of innate immune response and inflammatory response, which may directly affect the replication of LBUSV. Thus, these results provide new lights on the roles of fish TRIM21 in innate immune response against iridovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baojie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yange He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaisong Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanhe Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruolin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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32
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Park SH, Han J, Jeong BC, Song JH, Jang SH, Jeong H, Kim BH, Ko YG, Park ZY, Lee KE, Hyun J, Song HK. Structure and activation of the RING E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM72 on the membrane. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1695-1706. [PMID: 37770719 PMCID: PMC10643145 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Defects in plasma membrane repair can lead to muscle and heart diseases in humans. Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM)72 (mitsugumin 53; MG53) has been determined to rapidly nucleate vesicles at the site of membrane damage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we present the structure of Mus musculus TRIM72, a complete model of a TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrated that the interaction between TRIM72 and phosphatidylserine-enriched membranes is necessary for its oligomeric assembly and ubiquitination activity. Using cryogenic electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we elucidated a higher-order model of TRIM72 assembly on the phospholipid bilayer. Combining structural and biochemical techniques, we developed a working molecular model of TRIM72, providing insights into the regulation of RING-type E3 ligases through the cooperation of multiple domains in higher-order assemblies. Our findings establish a fundamental basis for the study of TRIM E3 ligases and have therapeutic implications for diseases associated with membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juhyun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Cheon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- CSL Seqirus, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ju Han Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Jeong
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Bong Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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33
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Feng J, Xu X, Wu J, Guo C. Deciphering roles of TRIMs as promising targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: current advances and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115538. [PMID: 37729731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family is assigned to RING-finger-containing ligases harboring the largest number of proteins in E3 ubiquitin ligating enzymes. E3 ubiquitin ligases target the specific substrate for proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which seems to be a more effective and direct strategy for tumor therapy. Recent advances have demonstrated that TRIM genes associate with the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRIMs trigger or inhibit multiple biological activities like proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, ferroptosis and autophagy in HCC dependent on its highly conserved yet diverse structures. Remarkably, autophagy is another proteolytic pathway for intracellular protein degradation and TRIM proteins may help to delineate the interaction between the two proteolytic systems. In depth research on the precise molecular mechanisms of TRIM family will allow for targeting TRIM in HCC treatment. We also highlight several potential directions warranted further development associated with TRIM family to provide bright insight into its translational values in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Jackson-Jones KA, McKnight Á, Sloan RD. The innate immune factor RPRD2/REAF and its role in the Lv2 restriction of HIV. mBio 2023; 14:e0257221. [PMID: 37882563 PMCID: PMC10746242 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02572-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular innate immunity involves co-evolved antiviral restriction factors that specifically inhibit infecting viruses. Studying these restrictions has increased our understanding of viral replication, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogenesis, and represent potential targets for novel antiviral therapies. Lentiviral restriction 2 (Lv2) was identified as an unmapped early-phase restriction of HIV-2 and later shown to also restrict HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. The viral determinants of Lv2 susceptibility have been mapped to the envelope and capsid proteins in both HIV-1 and HIV-2, and also viral protein R (Vpr) in HIV-1, and appears dependent on cellular entry mechanism. A genome-wide screen identified several likely contributing host factors including members of the polymerase-associated factor 1 (PAF1) and human silencing hub (HUSH) complexes, and the newly characterized regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 2 (RPRD2). Subsequently, RPRD2 (or RNA-associated early-stage antiviral factor) has been shown to be upregulated upon T cell activation, is highly expressed in myeloid cells, binds viral reverse transcripts, and potently restricts HIV-1 infection. RPRD2 is also bound by HIV-1 Vpr and targeted for degradation by the proteasome upon reverse transcription, suggesting RPRD2 impedes reverse transcription and Vpr targeting overcomes this block. RPRD2 is mainly localized to the nucleus and binds RNA, DNA, and DNA:RNA hybrids. More recently, RPRD2 has been shown to negatively regulate genome-wide transcription and interact with the HUSH and PAF1 complexes which repress HIV transcription and are implicated in maintenance of HIV latency. In this review, we examine Lv2 restriction and the antiviral role of RPRD2 and consider potential mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Jackson-Jones
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Sloan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
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35
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Wang Z, Xia Y, Wang Y, Zhu R, Li H, Liu Y, Shen N. The E3 ligase TRIM26 suppresses ferroptosis through catalyzing K63-linked ubiquitination of GPX4 in glioma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:695. [PMID: 37872147 PMCID: PMC10593845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The selenium-containing enzyme GPX4 moonlights as a central regulator of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its post-transcriptional modifications. Here, we identify the tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM26 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of GPX4. TRIM26 directly interacts with GPX4 through its Ring domain and catalyzes the ubiquitination of GPX4 at K107 and K117, which promotes the switch in polyubiquitination of GPX4 from K48 to K63, thus enhancing GPX4 protein stability. Moreover, PLK1-mediated S127 phosphorylation of TRIM26 enhances the interaction between TRIM26 and GPX4. Inhibition of TRIM26 phosphorylation causes a reduction in GPX4 K63-linked polyubiquitination and diminishes GPX4 protein levels in tumor cells. Further investigation revealed that TRIM26 is overexpressed in glioma cells. TRIM26 silencing dramatically impedes ferroptosis resistance and tumorigenesis in glioma in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, TRIM26 expression shows a direct correlation with GPX4 and PLK1 levels in glioma samples and is associated with poor outcome in patients with glioma. Collectively, these findings define the role of GPX4 K63-linked polyubiquitination in ferroptosis and suggest a potential strategy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ruiqiu Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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36
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Yan D, Li G. The role of TRIM family in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210330. [PMID: 37867509 PMCID: PMC10585262 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) ranks among the most prevalent chronic liver conditions globally. At present, the mechanism of MAFLD has not been fully elucidated. Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein is a kind of protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which participates in highly diversified cell activities and processes. It not only plays an important role in innate immunity, but also participates in liver steatosis, insulin resistance and other processes. In this review, we focused on the role of TRIM family in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. We also introduced the structure and functions of TRIM proteins. We summarized the TRIM family's regulation involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease, as well as insulin resistance. We deeply discussed the potential of TRIM proteins as targets for the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Ren
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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37
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Zhang Y, Xin B, Liu Y, Jiang W, Han W, Deng J, Wang P, Hong X, Yan D. SARS-COV-2 protein NSP9 promotes cytokine production by targeting TBK1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211816. [PMID: 37854611 PMCID: PMC10580797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-COV-2 infection-induced excessive or uncontrolled cytokine storm may cause injury of host tissue or even death. However, the mechanism by which SARS-COV-2 causes the cytokine storm is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that SARS-COV-2 protein NSP9 promoted cytokine production by interacting with and activating TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). With an rVSV-NSP9 virus infection model, we discovered that an NSP9-induced cytokine storm exacerbated tissue damage and death in mice. Mechanistically, NSP9 promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination and phosphorylation of TBK1, which induced the activation and translocation of IRF3, thereby increasing downstream cytokine production. Moreover, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Midline 1 (MID1) facilitated the K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of NSP9, whereas virus infection inhibited the interaction between MID1 and NSP9, thereby inhibiting NSP9 degradation. Additionally, we identified Lys59 of NSP9 as a critical ubiquitin site involved in the degradation. These findings elucidate a previously unknown mechanism by which a SARS-COV-2 protein promotes cytokine storm and identifies a novel target for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Xin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peihui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowu Hong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Choudhary D, Kaur A, Singh P, Chaudhary G, Kaur R, Bayan MF, Chandrasekaran B, Marji SM, Ayman R. Target protein degradation by protacs: A budding cancer treatment strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108525. [PMID: 37696366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. So, its lethal effect increases with time. Near about hundreds of cancers are known in humans. Cancer treatment is done to cure or prolonged remission, and shrinkage of the tumor. Cytotoxic agents, biological agents/targeted drugs, hormonal drugs, surgery, radiotherapy/proton therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are currently used in the treatment of cancer but their cost is high and cause various side effects. Seeing this, some new targeted strategies such as PROTACs are the need of the time. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has become one of the most discussed topics regarding cancer treatment. Few of the PROTAC molecules are in the trial phases. PROTACs have many advantages over other strategies such as modularity, compatibility, sub-stoichiometric activity, acting on undruggable targets, molecular design, and acts on intracellular targets, selectivity and specificity can be recruited for any cancer, versatility, and others. PROTACs are having some unclear questions on their pharmacokinetics, heavy-molecular weight, etc. PROTACs are anticipated to bring about a conversion in current healthcare and will emerge as booming treatments. In this review article we summarize PROTACs, their mechanism of action, uses, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and future aspects for the successful development of potent PROTACs as a drug strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Pargat Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Gaurav Chaudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Mohammad F Bayan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | | | - Saeed M Marji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Reema Ayman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
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Liu T, Chen J, Wu J, Du Q, Liu J, Tan S, Pan Y, Yao S. Role of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family in female genital neoplasms. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154811. [PMID: 37713735 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs) family represents a class of highly conservative proteins which play a large regulatory role in molecular processes. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated a role of TRIMs in female genital neoplasms. Our review thereby aimed to provide an overview of the biological involvement of TRIMs in female genital neoplasms, to provide a better understanding of its role in the development and progression of such diseases, and emphasize its potential as targeted cancer therapy. Overall, our review highlighted that the wide-ranging roles of TRIMs, in not only target protein ubiquitination, tumor migration and/or invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, cell adhesion, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, but also in influencing estrogenic, and chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Silu Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Cai T, Xu J, Fang Y, Wu Y, Qin Q, Zhang JA. Shared biomarkers of multi-tissue origin for primary Sjogren's syndrome and their importance in immune microenvironment alterations. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152726. [PMID: 37591179 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
With the recent advancement in omics and molecular techniques, a wealth of new molecular biomarkers have become available for the diagnosis and classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. However, whether these biomarkers are universal is of great interest to us. In this study, we used various methods to obtain shared biomarkers derived from multiple tissue in pSS patients and to explore their relationship with immune microenvironment alterations. First we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pSS and healthy controls utilizing nine mRNA microarray datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, shared biomarkers were filtered out using robust rank aggregation (RRA), data integration analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression; their roles in pSS and association with changes in the immune microenvironment were also analyzed. In addition, these biomarkers were further confirmed with both the testing set and immunohistochemistry (IHC). As a result, ten biomarkers, i.e., EPSTI1, IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, OAS1, PARP9, SAMD9L and TRIM22, were identified. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the ten genes could discriminate pSS from controls. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the enrichment of immune-related gene sets was significant in pSS patients with high expression of either biomarker. Furthermore, the association between some immunocytes and these biomarkers was identified. In the two distinct molecular patterns of pSS patients based on the expressions of these biomarkers, the proportions of immunocytes were significantly different. Our study identified shared biomarkers of multi-tissue origin and revealed their relationship with altered immune microenvironment in pSS patients. These markers not only have diagnostic implications but also provide potential immunotherapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudie Fang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao C, Peng C, Wang P, Zhang B, Yan L, Wang CL, Qiu L. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of TRIM37 from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108940. [PMID: 37442309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The family of TRIM proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity served important roles in the regulation of innate immune processes, in particular antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine responses. In this study, a novel TRIM37 homolog was identified from Penaeus monodon (named PmTRIM37). The PmTRIM37 protein contained three conserved domains (one RING finger domain, a B-box, and one Coiled-coil region) at its N-terminal and one Meprin and MATH domain at its C-terminal. The MATH domain was the characteristic of TRIM37 family. PmTRIM37 has relatively high expression in immune-related tissues such as hepatopancreas, gills, lymphoid organs and hemocytes. The expression levels of PmTRIM37 in hepatopancreas and lymphoid organs were significantly up-regulated after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Knock down of PmTRIM37 promoted WSSV replication and VP28 expression, suggesting that PmTRIM37 played a negative role in WSSV infection. Further studies revealed that PmTRIM37 positively regulated the NF-κB pathway and Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) expression during WSSV infection. These findings indicated that PmTRIM37 might restrict WSSV replication by positively regulating NF-κB pathway during WSSV infection in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Sun N, Zhang J, Zhang C, Xie T, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li W, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zheng J, Fang L, Wang G. Inhibition of human adenovirus replication by TRIM35-mediated degradation of E1A. J Virol 2023; 97:e0070023. [PMID: 37578239 PMCID: PMC10506487 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00700-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is ubiquitous in the human population, constituting a significant burden of global respiratory diseases. Children and individuals with low immunity are at risk of developing severe infections without approved antiviral treatment for HAdV. Our study demonstrated that TRIM35 inhibited HAdV-C5 early gene transcription, early protein expression, genome replication, and infectious virus progeny production. Furthermore, TRIM35 was found to inhibit HAdV replication by attenuating E1A expression. Mechanistically, TRIM35 interacts with and degrades E1A by promoting its K48-linked ubiquitination. Additionally, K253 and K285 are the key sites necessary for TRIM35 degradation. Moreover, an oncolytic adenovirus carrying shTRIM35 was constructed and observed to exhibit improved oncolysis in vivo, providing new ideas for clinical tumor treatment. Our results expand the broad antiviral activity of TRIM35 and mechanically support its application as a HAdV replication inhibitor. IMPORTANCE E1A is an essential human adenovirus (HAdV) protein responsible for the early replication of adenovirus while interacting with multiple host proteins. Understanding the interaction between HAdV E1A and TRIM35 helps identify effective antiviral therapeutic targets. The viral E1A protein is a crucial activator and regulator of viral transcription during the early infection stages. We first reported that TRIM35 interacts with E1A to resist adenovirus infection. Our study demonstrated that TRIM35 targets E1A to resist adenovirus, indicating the applicability of targeting virus-dependent host factors as a suitable antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Chen Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tan Xie
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Wanjing Li
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Nakaya Y, Nishizawa T, Nishitsuji H, Morita H, Yamagata T, Onomura D, Murata K. TRIM26 positively affects hepatitis B virus replication by inhibiting proteasome-dependent degradation of viral core protein. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13584. [PMID: 37604854 PMCID: PMC10442393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major medical concern worldwide. Current treatments for HBV infection effectively inhibit virus replication; however, these treatments cannot cure HBV and novel treatment-strategies should be necessary. In this study, we identified tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) could be a supportive factor for HBV replication. Small interfering RNA-mediated TRIM26 knockdown (KD) modestly attenuated HBV replication in human hepatocytes. Endogenous TRIM26 physically interacted with HBV core protein (HBc), but not polymerase and HBx, through the TRIM26 SPRY domain. Unexpectedly, TRIM26 inhibited HBc ubiquitination even though TRIM26 is an E3 ligase. HBc was degraded by TRIM26 KD in Huh-7 cells, whereas the reduction was restored by a proteasome inhibitor. RING domain-deleted TRIM26 mutant (TRIM26ΔR), a dominant negative form of TRIM26, sequestered TRIM26 from HBc, resulting in promoting HBc degradation. Taking together, this study demonstrated that HBV utilizes TRIM26 to avoid the proteasome-dependent HBc degradation. The interaction between TRIM26 and HBc might be a novel therapeutic target against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromi Morita
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamagata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Daichi Onomura
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
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Romagnoli A, Di Rienzo M, Petruccioli E, Fusco C, Palucci I, Micale L, Mazza T, Delogu G, Merla G, Goletti D, Piacentini M, Fimia GM. The ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 promotes the autophagic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:505. [PMID: 37543647 PMCID: PMC10404268 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is known to evade host immune responses and persist in macrophages for long periods. A mechanism that the host uses to combat Mtb is xenophagy, a selective form of autophagy that targets intracellular pathogens for degradation. Ubiquitination of Mtb or Mtb-containing compartments is a key event to recruit the autophagy machinery and mediate the bacterial delivery to the lysosome. This event relies on the coordinated and complementary activity of different ubiquitin ligases, including PARKIN, SMURF1, and TRIM16. Because each of these factors is responsible for the ubiquitination of a subset of the Mtb population, it is likely that additional ubiquitin ligases are employed by macrophages to trigger a full xenophagic response during Mtb infection. In this study, we investigated the role TRIM proteins whose expression is modulated in response to Mtb or BCG infection of primary macrophages. These TRIMs were ectopically expressed in THP1 macrophage cell line to assess their impact on Mtb replication. This screening identified TRIM32 as a novel player involved in the intracellular response to Mtb infection, which promotes autophagy-mediated Mtb degradation. The role of TRIM32 in xenophagy was further confirmed by silencing TRIM32 expression in THP1 cells, which causes increased intracellular growth of Mtb associated to impaired Mtb ubiquitination, reduced recruitment of the autophagy proteins NDP52/CALCOCO2 and BECLIN 1/BECN1 to Mtb and autophagosome formation. Overall, these findings suggest that TRIM32 plays an important role in the host response to Mtb infection through the induction of autophagy, representing a promising target for host-directed tuberculosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rienzo
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Fusco
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie-Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Micale
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie-Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Mater Olbia Hospital, 07026, Olbia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, 71013, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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Chen Y, Bian H, Lv J, Song W, Xing C, Hui C, Zhang D, Zhang C, Zhao L, Li Y, Su L. Gelsevirine is a novel STING-specific inhibitor and mitigates STING-related inflammation in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190707. [PMID: 37583703 PMCID: PMC10424845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stimulation of IFN genes (STING) is central to the production of interferon and proinflammatory cytokines in response to microbial DNA or self-DNA in the cytosol. The detrimental role of the activation of STING during sepsis has been well documented. Methods Here, we found that gelsevirine (GS) potently inhibit interferon and inflammatory cytokine induction in macrophages exposed to STING agonists (2'3'-cGAMP, IFN stimulatory DNA (ISD), and poly(dA:dT)). I n silico docking analysis and surface plasmon resonance binding study showed that GS bonds with high affinity to the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-binding pocket of STING. Biotin pull-down assay also confirmed that GS competitively bonded to STING protein. Furthermore, GS inhibited 2'3'-cGAMP-induced STING dimerization and subsequent activation. In addition, GS induced K48-linked STING ubiquitination and degradation, which was likely through upregulating and recruiting TRIM21. In mice exposed to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, post-operative administration of GS significantly extended the survival period and mitigated acute organ damage. Results Overall, GS inhibited STING signaling by competitively binding to the CDN-binding pocket to lock STING in an inactive open conformation, while also promoting K48-linked STING ubiquitination and degradation. Conclusions Our findings identify a novel STING-specific inhibitor that could be applied in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Bian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxue Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Xing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Hui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dinglei Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang B, Cai T, He H, Huang X, Luo Y, Huang S, Luo J, Guo X. TRIM25 Suppresses Rabies Virus Fixed HEP-Flury Strain Production by Activating RIG-1-Mediated Type I Interferons. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1555. [PMID: 37628607 PMCID: PMC10454932 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies remains a great threat to public health worldwide. So far, the mechanism of rabies virus (RABV) infection is not fully understood, and there is no effective treatment for rabies. Identifying more host restriction factors of RABV will spur the development of novel therapeutic interventions against rabies. Accumulating studies suggest that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins have great effects on virus replication. TRIMs control the antiviral responses through either direct interaction with viral proteins or indirect regulation of innate immune signaling molecules in the host. The role of TRIM25 in rabies virus (RABV) infection is poorly understood. Using next-generation sequencing, we found that TRIM25 is upregulated during HEP-Flury infection. Knockdown of TRIM25 enhances HEP-Flury production, while overexpression of TRIM25 suppresses HEP-Flury replication. Knockdown of interferon α and interferon β weakens the anti-RABV response induced by TRIM25 overexpression, and potentiates RABV production. Furthermore, we found that TRIM25 regulates type-I interferon response by targeting retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) during HEP-Flury infection. Knockdown of RIG-I weakens the anti-HEP-Flury response induced by TRIM25 overexpression, indicating that TRIM25 regulates RABV production via the RIG-I-IFN axis. In addition, we observed that TRIM25 does not directly interact with HEP-Flury structural proteins, suggesting that TRIM25 regulates HEP-Flury production indirectly. Taken together, our work identifies TRIM25 as a new host factor involved in HEP-Flury infection, which may be a potential target for the development of antiviral drugs against RABV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ting Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongling He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuezhe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA;
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, China; (B.Z.); (T.C.); (H.H.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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47
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De La Cruz-Herrera CF, Tatham MH, Siddiqi UZ, Shire K, Marcon E, Greenblatt JF, Hay RT, Frappier L. Changes in SUMO-modified proteins in Epstein-Barr virus infection identifies reciprocal regulation of TRIM24/28/33 complexes and the lytic switch BZLF1. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011477. [PMID: 37410772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMO modifications regulate the function of many proteins and are important in controlling herpesvirus infections. We performed a site-specific proteomic analysis of SUMO1- and SUMO2-modified proteins in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent and lytic infection to identify proteins that change in SUMO modification status in response to EBV reactivation. Major changes were identified in all three components of the TRIM24/TRIM28/TRIM33 complex, with TRIM24 being rapidly degraded and TRIM33 being phosphorylated and SUMOylated in response to EBV lytic infection. Further experiments revealed TRIM24 and TRIM33 repress expression of the EBV BZLF1 lytic switch gene, suppressing EBV reactivation. However, BZLF1 was shown to interact with TRIM24 and TRIM33, resulting in disruption of TRIM24/TRIM28/TRIM33 complexes, degradation of TRIM24 and modification followed by degradation of TRIM33. Therefore, we have identified TRIM24 and TRIM33 as cellular antiviral defence factors against EBV lytic infection and established the mechanism by which BZLF1 disables this defence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Umama Z Siddiqi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathy Shire
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack F Greenblatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lori Frappier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Huang J, Yu Z, Li X, Yang M, Fang Q, Li Z, Wang C, Chen T, Cao X. E3 ligase HECTD3 promotes RNA virus replication and virus-induced inflammation via K33-linked polyubiquitination of PKR. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:396. [PMID: 37402711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled viral replication and excessive inflammation are the main causes of death in the host infected with virus. Hence inhibition of intracellular viral replication and production of innate cytokines, which are the key strategies of hosts to fight virus infections, need to be finely tuned to eliminate viruses while avoid harmful inflammation. The E3 ligases in regulating virus replication and subsequent innate cytokines production remain to be fully characterized. Here we report that the deficiency of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECTD3 results in accelerated RNA virus clearance and reduced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HECTD3 interacts with dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) and mediates Lys33-linkage of PKR, which is the first non-proteolytic ubiquitin modification for PKR. This process disrupts the dimerization and phosphorylation of PKR and subsequent EIF2α activation, which results in the acceleration of virus replication, but promotes the formation of PKR-IKK complex and subsequent inflammatory response. The finding suggests HECTD3 is the potential therapeutic target for simultaneously restraining RNA virus replication and virus-induced inflammation once pharmacologically inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation & Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xuelian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation & Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation & Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation & Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taoyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation & Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation & Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Institute of Immunology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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49
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Lin L, Wang X, Chen Z, Deng T, Yan Y, Dong W, Huang Y, Zhou J. TRIM21 restricts influenza A virus replication by ubiquitination-dependent degradation of M1. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011472. [PMID: 37343022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a critical role in the host antiviral response. However, the mechanism and antiviral spectrum of TRIM21 in influenza A virus (IAV) remain unclear. Here, we report that TRIM21 inhibits the replication of various IAV subtypes by targeting matrix protein 1 (M1) from H3/H5/H9, but not H1 and H7 M1. Mechanistically, TRIM21 binds to the residue R95 of M1 and facilitates K48 ubiquitination of M1 K242 for proteasome-dependent degradation, leading to the inhibition of H3, H5, and H9 IAV replication. Interestingly, the recombinant viruses with M1 R95K or K242R mutations were resistance to TRIM21 and exhibited more robust replication and severe pathogenicity. Moreover, the amino acid sequence M1 proteins, mainly from avian influenza such as H5N1, H7N9, H9N2, ranging from 1918 to 2022, reveals a gradual dominant accumulation of the TRIM21-driven R95K mutation when the virus jumps into mammals. Thus, TRIM21 in mammals' functions as a host restriction factor and drives a host adaptive mutation of influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingjuan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Nigos LR, Scott NE, Brooks AG, Ait-Goughoulte M, Londrigan SL, Reading PC, Farrukee R. TRIM16 Overexpression in HEK293T Cells Results in Cell Line-Specific Antiviral Activity. Pathogens 2023; 12:852. [PMID: 37375542 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell restriction factors are intracellular proteins that can inhibit virus replication. Characterisation of novel host cell restriction factors can provide potential targets for host-directed therapies. In this study, we aimed to assess a member of the Tripartite-motif family protein (TRIM) family, TRIM16, as a putative host cell restriction factor. To this end, we utilized constitutive or doxycycline-inducible systems to overexpress TRIM16 in HEK293T epithelial cells and then tested for its ability to inhibit growth by a range of RNA and DNA viruses. In HEK293T cells, overexpression of TRIM16 resulted in potent inhibition of multiple viruses, however, when TRIM16 was overexpressed in other epithelial cell lines (A549, Hela, or Hep2), virus inhibition was not observed. When investigating the antiviral activity of endogenous TRIM16, we report that siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRIM16 in A549 cells also modulated the mRNA expression of other TRIM proteins, complicating the interpretation of results using this method. Therefore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to knockout TRIM16 in A549 cells and demonstrate that endogenous TRIM16 did not mediate antiviral activity against the viruses tested. Thus, while initial overexpression in HEK293T cells suggested that TRIM16 was a host cell restriction factor, alternative approaches did not validate these findings. These studies highlight the importance of multiple complementary experimental approaches, including overexpression analysis in multiple cell lines and investigation of the endogenous protein, when defining host cell restriction factors with novel antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance R Nigos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Malika Ait-Goughoulte
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rubaiyea Farrukee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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