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Aguiar R, Keil R, Wiktorowicz M. The urban political ecology of antimicrobial resistance: A critical lens on integrative governance. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116689. [PMID: 38564956 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to integrate Urban Political Ecology (UPE) as a theory for identifying under-exposed urban dimensions of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). A UPE lens allows us to conceptualize urbanization as a ubiquitous socio-ecological process and an interpretive frame that could inform AMR governance strategies across related contexts by: a) situating AMR risks in relation to urbanization processes shaping social and political co-determinants of such systemic threats as climate change; b) aligning UPE scholarship with One Health (OH) approaches that address AMR to reveal the under-exposed link of AMR to environmental threats and broader structural dimensions that influence these threats; and c) identifying shared AMR and environmental governance pathways that inform the rationale for more equitable governance arrangements. We delineate a context in which the speed and scale of human activity in the larger context of urbanization, driven by global market integration strategies, impacts human-animal-environmental health threats such as AMR. We demonstrate how UPE scholarship can be leveraged to offer theoretical depth to approaches considering the interdependencies of AMR and climate change threats. We then propose a strategic approach focused on identifying shared governance pathways and intersectoral accountability frameworks to address upstream structural drivers of AM-Environmental threats. The co-benefits of a UPE-informed framework to human-animal-environmental health that leverages enabling policy environments to foster a more collaborative, equitable and sustainable approach to address systemic global health threats are clarified. Just as the concept of "health in all policies" emphasized taking health implications into account in all public policy development, the integration of UPE in AMR governance arrangements would emphasize the need to take other sectors into account through an intersectoral whole-of-government approach that fosters shared AMR - climate change governance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Aguiar
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Roger Keil
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mary Wiktorowicz
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Brisley A, Lambert H, Rodrigues C. Antibiotics in Catalan Primary Care: Prescription, Use and Remedies for a Crisis of Care. Med Anthropol 2023; 42:682-696. [PMID: 37747451 PMCID: PMC10561602 DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2023.2256451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the twenty-first century's major health challenges. Linked to the extensive use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, resistance occurs when microbes stop responding to medications. Rates of antibiotic consumption in Spain are among the highest in Europe. Drawing on research conducted in Catalonia, in this article we present findings from ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with general practitioners, residents of Barcelona, and professionals who have worked in antibiotic stewardship. We argue that the circulation of antibiotics should be understood in relation to broader historical processes and the deficient systems of health and social care provision they have produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brisley
- Business and Technology Department, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helen Lambert
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Pahlman K, Fehross A, Fox GJ, Silva DS. Ethical health security in the age of antimicrobial resistance. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e007407. [PMID: 34996766 PMCID: PMC8743836 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Owing to its potential human, social and economic costs, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is frequently referred to as a threat to health security. Simultaneously, health security and the preservation of antimicrobials are often described as a global public good. However, how the term 'public good' is used in the context of health security, and the values that underpin it, remains ambiguous. Policymaking is never value-free, and a better examination of such values is critical to understanding how issues such as AMR are problematised and how policy decisions are informed. DESIGN We used McDougall's version of critical interpretive synthesis to capture the recurring concepts and arguments within public policy, political science and applied ethics literature on AMR. Articles were analysed by identifying recurring ideas and developing themes across the literature. RESULTS A total of 77 papers were included in our review. In the context of health security and AMR, the concept of 'public good' appears to be used interchangeably with 'common good', reflecting confusion, but sometimes meaningful differences, regarding how antimicrobials, as a good, are conceived. Main approaches to addressing AMR are statism, globalism and regionalism, which appeal to different values in guiding policymakers. Common justificatory values underpinning preservation of antimicrobials as a public good were prevention of harm, solidarity, justice and rights. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that within the literature there is a lack of conceptual clarity as to whether antimicrobials constitute a public good or a common good. Moreover, the way in which antimicrobials are conceived and the approaches through which AMR as a threat to health security is addressed appear to be grounded in values that are often implicit. Being explicit about the values that underpin AMR and health security is not simply an intellectual exercise but has very real policy and programmatic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Pahlman
- Sydney Health Ethics, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anson Fehross
- Sydney Health Ethics, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg J Fox
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diego S Silva
- Sydney Health Ethics, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Broom A, Doron A. Resistant bugs, porous borders and ecologies of care in India. Soc Sci Med 2021; 292:114520. [PMID: 34740470 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As social science scholarship has routinely illustrated, professional practice is rarely as contained or coherent as it is often imagined to be. The increasing emphasis on the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has drawn renewed attention to the interconnectedness of clinic, community, environment and planet, and how proposed 'solutions' to major problems such as AMR require a broad, cross-cutting lens. In this study, set in Hyderabad, India, we draw on a series of interviews with hospital-based clinicians completed during 2019 and early 2020, to unpack the multidimensional, ecological acceleration of AMR and the implications for everyday practice. Their accounts make visible how practice operates in relation to industrial economies, community vulnerabilities, and ecologies. This in turn highlights the problem of epistemic bordering, where 'sites' of AMR are targeted but are prone to leakage and transgressions. We propose an ecological approach to conceptualising antimicrobial practices with implications for AMR interventions being rolled out in the sub-continent and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Broom
- Sydney Centre for Healthy Societies, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Assa Doron
- College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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Blaser MJ, Melby MK, Lock M, Nichter M. Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000163. [PMID: 33410142 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, antibiotic use is increasing, but many infections against which antibiotics are applied are not even caused by bacteria. Over-the-counter and internet sales preclude physician oversight. Regional differences, between and within countries highlight many potential factors influencing antibiotic use. Taking a systems perspective that considers pharmaceutical commodity chains, we examine antibiotic overuse from the vantage point of both sides of the therapeutic relationship. We examine patterns and expectations of practitioners and patients, institutional policies and pressures, the business strategies of pharmaceutical companies and distributors, and cultural drivers of variation. Solutions to improve antibiotic stewardship include practitioners taking greater responsibility for their antibiotic prescribing, increasing the role of caregivers as diagnosticians rather than medicine providers, improving their communication to patients about antibiotic treatment consequences, lessening the economic influences on prescribing, and identifying antibiotic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa K Melby
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Margaret Lock
- Department of Social Studies of Medicine and Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Nichter
- School of Anthropology, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Family Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Dutescu IA. The Antimicrobial Resistance Crisis: How Neoliberalism Helps Microbes Dodge Our Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2020; 51:521-530. [PMID: 32799748 DOI: 10.1177/0020731420949823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The urgent public health threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has received much attention from the world's most important health agencies and national governmental organizations. However, despite large investments being allocated to strategizing national and international plans for addressing this public health problem, the incidence of untreatable, antimicrobial-resistant diseases continues to rise in many nations. To avoid returning to a society in which common infections once again become deadly, one must consider the often-ignored root causes driving inappropriate behaviors relating to antimicrobial use, such as the history of antimicrobial drug development, the effects of commodifying health-related services, and the rise in social inequalities. By employing the lens of political economy to analyze the phenomenon of AMR on national and international scales, it is found that the acceptance of neoliberalism as a governing ideology by authorities is hindering our ability to globally combat AMR through the depoliticization of issues that require political intervention to stimulate change. Differences in level of AMR and approaches to pharmaceutical governance between social democratic and liberal welfare states provide validity to this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca A Dutescu
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Banerji A, Jahne M, Herrmann M, Brinkman N, Keely S. Bringing Community Ecology to Bear on the Issue of Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2626. [PMID: 31803161 PMCID: PMC6872637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, pertaining not only to human health but also to the health of industry and the environment. AMR research has traditionally focused on genetic exchange mechanisms and abiotic environmental constraints, leaving important aspects of microbial ecology unresolved. The genetic and ecological aspects of AMR, however, not only contribute separately to the problem but also are interrelated. For example, mutualistic associations among microbes such as biofilms can both serve as a barrier to antibiotic penetration and a breeding ground for horizontal exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we elucidate how species interactions promote and impede the establishment, maintenance, and spread of ARGs and indicate how management initiatives might benefit from leveraging the principles and tools of community ecology to better understand and manipulate the processes underlying AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabir Banerji
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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8
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Brown H, Nading AM. Introduction: Human Animal Health in Medical Anthropology. Med Anthropol Q 2019; 33:5-23. [PMID: 30811674 PMCID: PMC6492111 DOI: 10.1111/maq.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This introductory article maps out the parameters of an emerging field of medical anthropology, human animal health, and its potential for reorienting the discipline. Ethnographic explorations of how animals are implicated in health, well-being, and pathogenicity allow us to revisit theorizations of central topics in medical anthropology, notably ecology, biopolitics, and care. Meanwhile, the conditions of the Anthropocene force us to develop new tools to think about human animal entanglement. Anthropogenic change reorients debates around health and disease, but it also requires us to move beyond what some consider the traditional boundaries of the discipline. Zoonotic diseases, veterinary medicine, animal therapeutics, and food and farming are examples of topics that force such movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M. Nading
- Watson Institute for International and Public AffairsBrown University
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9
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Kim AY, Kwon DH, Jeong IH, Koh YH. An investigation of the molecular and biochemical basis underlying chlorantraniliprole-resistant Drosophila strains and their cross-resistance to other insecticides. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 99:e21514. [PMID: 30397935 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole is an anthranilic diamide insecticide that binds to the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR) and induces an uncontrolled release of Ca2+ , resulting in paralysis and ultimately death of the target insects. Recently, it was reported that chlorantraniliprole-resistant diamondback moths, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, have mutations in their RyR. In this study, we developed two different chlorantraniliprole-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strain. The resistance ratio (RR) of the low-concentration chlorantraniliprole-treated resistant (Low-Res) strain was 2.3, while that of the high-concentration chlorantraniliprole-treated resistant (High-Res) strain was 21.3. The LC 50 of the untreated control (Con) strain was 23.8~25.9 ppm, which was significantly higher than that reported for the susceptible diamondback moth (0.03~0.51 ppm). The high LC 50 of the Con may be because the helix S2 amino acid sequence of D. melanogaster RyR ( DmRyR) is identical to the I4790M mutation of the chlorantraniliprole-resistant diamondback moths, resulting in a lower binding affinity of DmRyR for chlorantraniliprole. Among the tested detoxification enzymes, the activity of esterase was significantly increased in the two Res strains, but glutathione S-transferases and acetylcholinesterase were significantly decreased in the two Res strains. The cross-resistance of the High-Res strain to other insecticides with different modes of actions (MoAs) revealed that the RRs of the neuronal acetylcholine receptor allosteric and competitive modulators were significantly increased, while those of the Na 2+ channel modulators were significantly reduced. Our studies showed that RRs against the same insecticide vary with the treatment concentration, and that RRs against other insecticides with different MoAs can be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Young Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
- Department of Applied Entomology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deok Ho Kwon
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hong Jeong
- Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, South Korea
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10
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Choi BH, Hur JH, Heckel DG, Kim J, Koh YH. Development of a highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic tool for pyrethroid-resistant chimeric P450 CYP337B3 of Helicoverpa armigera using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 99:e21504. [PMID: 30218552 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that pyrethroid resistance in the cotton bollworm (CBW) Helicoverpa armigera is conferred by the generation of a chimeric CYP337B3 gene, which resulted from unequal crossing-over between the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 genes. In this study, we developed a diagnostic protocol based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of chimeric CYP337B3. The CYP337B3 LAMP assay utilized six primers and generated strong fluorescence signals visible to the naked eye under normal or ultraviolet light. The primers were designed based on CYP337B3v1 (JQ995292), the major allele detected in Australia. The detection limit of this LAMP assay was 10 fg genomic DNA in a 25-µl reaction mixture. Compared with CYP337B2v1, the Korean CYP337B3v2 allele had two nucleotide mismatches within the amplifying regions of this LAMP assay; therefore, we confirmed that polymerase chain reaction-synthesized CYP337B3v2 was well amplified using this LAMP assay. In addition, we determined that the presence of CYP337B3 from H. armigera collected by pheromone traps from Korean fields could be confirmed using this LAMP assay. This assay could detect CYP337B3 even in heterozygotes, which is relevant because CYP337B3 is dominant, and heterozygotes are pyrethroid resistant. Therefore, the newly developed CYP337B3 LAMP assay could detect the presence of pyrethroid resistance in H. armigera that were captured by pheromone traps during the early season and provide information on whether pyrethroids could be used to control H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hey Choi
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Korea
- lsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Hur
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Korea
- lsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Juil Kim
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, NICS, RDA, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Korea
- lsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
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11
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Cook J, Zhang J, Norrie J, Blal B, Cheng Z. Seaweed Extract (Stella Maris ®) Activates Innate Immune Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and Protects Host against Bacterial Pathogens. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E221. [PMID: 29958402 PMCID: PMC6071235 DOI: 10.3390/md16070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and pathogenic infections (bacteria, viruses and fungi) cause huge losses in agriculturally important crops yearly. Due to the rise in pesticide and antibiotic resistance, our crops and livestock are increasingly at risk. There is a rising demand for environmentally friendly solutions to prevent crop decreases. Components of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extracts were recently found to boost plant immunity. The stimulatory activities of the A.nodosum marine alga-derived extract (Stella Maris®) were investigated in a broad range of immune assays. Elevated hydrogen peroxide production measured in a chemiluminescence assay suggested that the extract elicited a strong burst of reactive oxygen species. Arabidopsis seedlings treated with Stella Maris® activated the expression of WRKY30, CYP71A12 and PR-1 genes, the induction of which represent early, mid and late plant immune response, respectively. Finally, this study found that Stella Maris® inhibited the growth of multiple bacterial pathogens, including an opportunistic human pathogen that has demonstrated pathogenicity in plants. In summary, the pre-treatment with the seaweed extract protected Arabidopsis against subsequent infection by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Janie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Jeff Norrie
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1X8, Canada.
| | - Bachar Blal
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1X8, Canada.
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Govender K, Sharma S, Jessee W, Nagaraju K, Pearse NJ, Chhetri P, Bodenstab EM, Yu P, Srinivas SC. Leadership and Task Shifting to Address the Challenges of Antimicrobial Resistance in South Africa. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2018/16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Pesticide degrading natural multidrug resistance bacterial flora. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:304-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Davis M, Whittaker A, Lindgren M, Djerf-Pierre M, Manderson L, Flowers P. Understanding media publics and the antimicrobial resistance crisis. Glob Public Health 2017; 13:1158-1168. [PMID: 28594309 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2017.1336248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) imperils health for people across the world. This enormous challenge is being met with the rationalisation of prescription, dispensing and consumption of antimicrobials in clinical settings and in the everyday lives of members of the general population. Individuals need to be reached outside clinical settings to prepare them for the necessary changes to the pharmaceutical management of infections; efforts that depend on media and communications and, therefore, how the AMR message is mediated, received and applied. In 2016, the UK Review on Antimicrobial Resistance called on governments to support intense, worldwide media activity to promote public awareness and to further efforts to rationalise the use of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals. In this article, we consider this communications challenge in light of contemporary currents of thought on media publics, including: the tendency of health communications to cast experts and lay individuals in opposition; the blaming of individuals who appear to 'resist' expert advice; the challenges presented by negative stories of AMR and their circulation in public life, and; the problems of public trust tied to the construction and mediation of expert knowledge on the effective management of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Davis
- a School of Social Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Andrea Whittaker
- a School of Social Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Mia Lindgren
- b School of Media, Film and Journalism , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Monika Djerf-Pierre
- c Department of Journalism, Media and Communication , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Lenore Manderson
- d School of Public Health , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Paul Flowers
- e School of Health and Life Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK
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Rangasamy K, Athiappan M, Devarajan N, Parray JA. Emergence of multi drug resistance among soil bacteria exposing to insecticides. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:153-165. [PMID: 28192223 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Impacts of pesticide exposure on the soil microbial flora and cross resistance to antibiotics have not been well documented. Development of antibiotic resistance is a common issue among soil bacteria which are exposing to pesticides continuously at sub-lethal concentration. The present study was focused to evaluate the correlation between pesticide exposures and evolution of multi drug resistance among isolates collected from soil applied with insecticides. Twenty five insecticide (Monochrotophos) degrading bacteria were isolated from contaminated agricultural soil. The bacterial isolates Bacillus Sps, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus and Bacillus thuringiensis were found to be resistant against chloramphenical, monochrotophos, ampicillin, cefotaxime, streptomycin and tetracycline antibiotics used. Involvement of plasmid in drug as well as insecticide resistant was confirmed through plasmid curing among selected bacterial strains. Bacillus Sps (MK-07), Bacillus cereus (MK-11), Bacillus firmus (MK-13) and Bacillus thuringiensis (MK-24) lost their resistant against insecticides and antibiotics once after removal of plasmid by exposing to 2% sodium dodecyl sulphate. The plasmid was transformed back to bacteria which produced similar derivatives when cultured in Minimal Salt medium (pH 7.0) supplemented with 0.4% of insecticide. Homology modeling was used to prove that organophosphorus hydrolase and able to metabolize all the antibiotics showed positive interaction with high docking score. The present study revealed that persistent of insecticides in the agricultural soil may lead to increasing development of multidrug resistance among soil bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murugan Athiappan
- Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Javid A Parray
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, J&K, India
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16
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Lhermie G, Gröhn YT, Raboisson D. Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Priority Actions to Prevent Suboptimal Antimicrobial Use in Food-Animal Production. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2114. [PMID: 28111568 PMCID: PMC5216048 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing concern regarding emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials and their potential for transmission to humans via animal production has led various authorities worldwide to implement measures to decrease antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production. These measures are influenced by those implemented in human medicine, and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, infection prevention and control and research. In food producing animals, unlike human medicine, antimicrobials are used to control diseases which cause economic losses. This major difference may explain the failure of the public policies implemented to control antimicrobial usage. Here we first review the specific factors influencing AMU across the farm animal sector and highlighting the farmers' decision-making process of AMU. We then discuss the efficiency of existing regulations implemented by policy makers, and assess the need for alternative strategies, such as substitution between antimicrobials and other measures for infectious disease control. We also discuss the interests of regulating antimicrobial prices. Finally, we emphasize the value of optimizing antimicrobial regimens, and developing veterinary precision medicine to achieve clinical efficacy in animals while limiting negative impacts on public health. The fight against antimicrobial resistance requires both a reduction and an optimization of antimicrobial consumption. The set of actions currently implemented by policy makers does not adequately address the economic interests of farmers' use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lhermie
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
- BioEpar, Oniris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Nantes, France
| | - Yrjö T. Gröhn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
| | - Didier Raboisson
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
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Kim AY, Kwon DH, Jeong IH, Phan TA, Ngan TV, Lee SH, Koh YH. Establishment of Chlorantraniliprole-Resistant Drosophila Strains and Identification of Their Resistant Characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5656/ksae.2016.10.0.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Beginning in the 1940s, mass production of antibiotics involved the industrial-scale growth of microorganisms to harvest their metabolic products. Unfortunately, the use of antibiotics selects for resistance at answering scale. The turn to the study of antibiotic resistance in microbiology and medicine is examined, focusing on the realization that individual therapies targeted at single pathogens in individual bodies are environmental events affecting bacterial evolution far beyond bodies. In turning to biological manifestations of antibiotic use, sciences fathom material outcomes of their own previous concepts. Archival work with stored soil and clinical samples produces a record described here as 'the biology of history': the physical registration of human history in bacterial life. This account thus foregrounds the importance of understanding both the materiality of history and the historicity of matter in theories and concepts of life today.
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Nading AM. Local Biologies, Leaky Things, and the Chemical Infrastructure of Global Health. Med Anthropol 2016; 36:141-156. [DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2016.1186672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Abstract
This article considers how anthropologists and other social scientists examine biosecurity as an object in the making. It suggests that scholars encountered this object in research projects concerned with questions of global health, capitalism, neoliberalism, humanitarianism, citizenship, science, medicine, technology, ecology, surveillance, and risk. This growing body of work explores emerging modes of government that are characteristic for the post–Cold War period of global capitalism. Ethnographic accounts demonstrate how actors and institutions located in the Global North and the Global South perceive the spread of dangerous biological things as a threat to the health of individuals and populations. This article aims to review this literature and supplement the current approach with a theory of security performativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caduff
- Department of Social Science, Health, and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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21
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Koch E. Local Microbiologies of Tuberculosis: Insights from the Republic of Georgia. Med Anthropol 2011; 30:81-101. [DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2010.531064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
This article addresses anthropology's engagement with the emerging discipline of global health. We develop a definition for global health and then present four principal contributions of anthropology to global health: (a) ethnographic studies of health inequities in political and economic contexts; (b) analysis of the impact on local worlds of the assemblages of science and technology that circulate globally; (c) interrogation, analysis, and critique of international health programs and policies; and (d) analysis of the health consequences of the reconfiguration of the social relations of international health development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. Janes
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada;,
| | - Kitty K. Corbett
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada;,
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