1
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Moyung K, Li Y, Hartemink AJ, MacAlpine DM. Genome-wide nucleosome and transcription factor responses to genetic perturbations reveal chromatin-mediated mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595391. [PMID: 38826400 PMCID: PMC11142231 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to gene regulation by altering chromatin accessibility through changes in transcription factor (TF) and nucleosome occupancy throughout the genome. Despite numerous studies focusing on changes in gene expression, the intricate chromatin-mediated regulatory code remains largely unexplored on a comprehensive scale. We address this by employing a factor-agnostic, reverse-genetics approach that uses MNase-seq to capture genome-wide TF and nucleosome occupancies in response to the individual deletion of 201 transcriptional regulators in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thereby assaying nearly one million mutant-gene interactions. We develop a principled approach to identify and quantify chromatin changes genome-wide, observing differences in TF and nucleosome occupancy that recapitulate well-established pathways identified by gene expression data. We also discover distinct chromatin signatures associated with the up- and downregulation of genes, and use these signatures to reveal regulatory mechanisms previously unexplored in expression-based studies. Finally, we demonstrate that chromatin features are predictive of transcriptional activity and leverage these features to reconstruct chromatin-based transcriptional regulatory networks. Overall, these results illustrate the power of an approach combining genetic perturbation with high-resolution epigenomic profiling; the latter enables a close examination of the interplay between TFs and nucleosomes genome-wide, providing a deeper, more mechanistic understanding of the complex relationship between chromatin organization and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moyung
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Alexander J. Hartemink
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - David M. MacAlpine
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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2
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Mohamed MAE, Rihan S, Elbakry MMM, Moselhy SS. Molecular docking targeting autophagy pathway mediate abrogation of NASH by specific functional foods: update review. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38362886 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2316328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a very well-conserved self-digestive mechanism that transports unwanted or disposable cytoplasmic debris to lysosomes for destruction, including misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Advanced liver illnesses can develop from the prevalent clinical condition known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). There is no effective treatment, is still unclear. Therefore, in order to create novel therapeutics, it is necessary to comprehend the pathogenic pathways causing disease onset and progression. Natural components from medicinal plants are currently the subject of a larger number of studies since they provide fresh promise for NASH. This review provided an overview of the aetiology of NASH, in addition the role of natural products as alternative or complementary therapeutic agent for management of NASH via autophagy induction. It was concluded that, alternative and complementary supplement of natural functional food as Arabica coffee that rich with chlorogenic acid targeting autophagy mechanism mediate amelioration effect of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaimaa Rihan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M M Elbakry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Katti SS, Igumenova TI. Protein-Cadmium Interactions in Crowded Biomolecular Environments Probed by In-cell and Lysate NMR Spectroscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.03.565546. [PMID: 38405767 PMCID: PMC10888879 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms by which toxic metal ions interfere with cellular functions is ionic mimicry, where they bind to protein sites in lieu of native metals Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ . The influence of crowded intracellular environments on these interactions is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the application of in-cell and lysate NMR spectroscopy to obtain atomic-level information on how a potent environmental toxin cadmium interacts with its protein targets. The experiments, conducted in intact E. coli cells and their lysates, revealed that Cd 2+ can profoundly affect the quinary interactions of its protein partners, and can replace Zn 2+ in both labile and non-labile protein structural sites without significant perturbation of the membrane binding function. Surprisingly, in crowded molecular environments Cd 2+ can effectively target not only all-sulfur and mixed sulfur/nitrogen but also all-oxygen coordination sites. The sulfur-rich coordination environments show significant promise for bioremedial applications, as demonstrated by the ability of the designed protein scaffold α 3 DIV to sequester intracellular cadmium. Our data suggests that in-cell NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing interactions of toxic metal ions with their potential protein targets, and for the assessment of potency of sequestering agents.
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4
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Che Y, Wu W, Qian X, Sheng Z, Zhang W, Zheng J, Chen J, Wang Y. The neuroprotection of controlled decompression after traumatic epidural intracranial hypertension through suppression of autophagy via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23753. [PMID: 38226265 PMCID: PMC10788442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute intracranial hypertension (AIH) is a common and tricky symptom that inflicts upon patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A variety of clinical options have been applied for the management of AIH, such as physiotherapy, medication, surgery and combination therapy. Specifically, controlled decompression (CDC) alleviates the extent of brain injury and reduces the incidence of a series of post-TBI complications, thereby enhancing the prognosis of patients suffering from acute intracranial hypertension. The objective of the present project is to illuminate the potential molecular mechanism that underlies the neuroprotective effects of CDC in a rat model of traumatic epidural intracranial hypertension (TEIH). Herein, we observed the functional recovery, the degree of brain edema, the level of apoptosis, the expressions of neuronal cell autophagy-related signaling pathway proteins (including Akt, p-Akt, LC3 and Beclin-1) in rat TEIH model at 24 h post-surgery. The results showed in comparison with rapid decompression (RDC), CDC reduced the degree of brain edema, diminished the level of cellular apoptosis and enhanced neurological function, and whereas the neuroprotective effect of CDC could be reversed by rapamycin (Rap). The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 in CDC group were significantly lower than those of RDC group, and the expression levels of these two proteins were significantly elevated after the addition of Rap. The expression of p-Akt in CDC group was considerably enhanced than RDC group. After the addition of LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, p-Akt protein expression was reduced, and the neuroprotective effect of the rats was markedly inhibited. Taken together, our data demonstrate the superior neuroprotective effect of CDC with regard to alleviating early brain edema, improving the neurological status, suppressing apoptosis and inhibiting neuronal autophagy via triggering PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Che
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Laboratory, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Qian
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengwei Sheng
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Tsopela V, Korakidis E, Lagou D, Kalliampakou KI, Milona RS, Kyriakopoulou E, Mpekoulis G, Gemenetzi I, Stylianaki EA, Sideris CD, Sioli A, Kefallinos D, Sideris DC, Aidinis V, Eliopoulos AG, Kambas K, Vassilacopoulou D, Vassilaki N. L-Dopa decarboxylase modulates autophagy in hepatocytes and is implicated in dengue virus-caused inhibition of autophagy completion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119602. [PMID: 37778471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme L-Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) synthesizes the catecholamine dopamine and the indolamine serotonin. Apart from its role in the brain as a neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzyme, DDC has been detected also in the liver and other peripheral organs, where it is implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and host-virus interactions. Dengue virus (DENV) suppresses DDC expression at the later stages of infection, during which DENV also inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion. As dopamine affects autophagy in neuronal cells, we investigated the possible association of DDC with autophagy in human hepatocytes and examined whether DDC mediates the relationship between DENV infection and autophagy. We performed DDC silencing/overexpression and evaluated autophagic markers upon induction of autophagy, or suppression of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Our results showed that DDC favored the autophagic process, at least in part, through its biosynthetic function, while knockdown of DDC or inhibition of DDC enzymatic activity prevented autophagy completion. In turn, autophagy induction upregulated DDC, while autophagy reduction by chemical or genetic (ATG14L knockout) ways caused the opposite effect. This study also implicated DDC with the cellular energetic status, as DDC silencing reduced the oxidative phosphorylation activity of the cell. We also report that upon DDC silencing, the repressive effect of DENV on the completion of autophagy was enhanced, and the inhibition of autolysosome formation did not exert an additive effect on viral proliferation. These data unravel a novel role of DDC in the autophagic process and suggest that DENV downregulates DDC expression to inhibit the completion of autophagy, reinforcing the importance of this protein in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilina Tsopela
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Korakidis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Lagou
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Raphaela S Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Kyriakopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gemenetzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Elli-Anna Stylianaki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aggelina Sioli
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysis Kefallinos
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Technical University of Athens, 157 73 Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis C Sideris
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 01 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, NKUA, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 01 Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece.
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6
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Pino-Jiménez B, Giannios P, Casanova J. Polyploidy-associated autophagy promotes larval tracheal histolysis at Drosophila metamorphosis. Autophagy 2023; 19:2972-2981. [PMID: 37424089 PMCID: PMC10549192 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2231828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is an extended phenomenon in biology. However, its physiological significance and whether it defines specific cell behaviors is not well understood. Here we study its connection to macroautophagy/autophagy, using the larval respiratory system of Drosophila as a model. This system comprises cells with the same function yet with notably different ploidy status, namely diploid progenitors and their polyploid larval counterparts, the latter destined to die during metamorphosis. We identified an association between polyploidy and autophagy and found that higher endoreplication status correlates with elevated autophagy. Finally, we report that tissue histolysis in the trachea during Drosophila metamorphosis is mediated by autophagy, which triggers the apoptosis of polyploid cells.Abbreviations: APF: after pupa formation; Atg: autophagy related; btl: breathless; CycE: Cyclin E; DT: dorsal trunk; fzr: fizzy-related; L3: larval stage 3; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; RI: RNAi; Tr: tracheal metamere; yki: yorkie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pino-Jiménez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Giannios
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Peng B, Li J, Yan Y, Liu Y, Liang Q, Liu W, Thakur A, Zhang K, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhang F. Non-coding RNAs: The recently accentuated molecules in the regulation of cell autophagy for ovarian cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162045. [PMID: 37063265 PMCID: PMC10102359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-recycling and conserved process, in which the senescent cytoplasmic components are degraded in cells and then recycled to maintain homeostatic balance. Emerging evidence has suggested the involvement of autophagy in oncogenesis and progression of various cancers, such as ovarian cancer (OC). Meanwhile, the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) frequently regulate the mRNA transcription and other functional signaling pathways in cell autophagy, displaying promising roles in human cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic response. This article mainly reviews the cutting-edge research advances about the interactions between ncRNAs and autophagy in OC. This review not only summarizes the underlying mechanisms of dynamic ncRNA-autophagy association in OC, but also discusses their prognostic implications and therapeutic biomarkers. The aim of this review was to provide a more in-depth knowledge framework exploring the ncRNA-autophagy crosstalk and highlight the promising treatment strategies for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Zhang,
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8
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Reinhart EF, Katzenell S, Andhare D, Bauer KM, Ragusa MJ. A Comparative Analysis of the Membrane Binding and Remodeling Properties of Two Related Sorting Nexin Complexes Involved in Autophagy. Biochemistry 2023; 62:657-668. [PMID: 35421303 PMCID: PMC9561124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The sorting nexin (SNX) proteins, Atg20 and Atg24, are involved in nonselective autophagy, are necessary for efficient selective autophagy, and are required for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole transport pathway. However, the specific roles of these proteins in autophagy are not well understood. Atg20 and Atg24 each contain a Phox homology domain that facilitates phosphoinositide binding. They also each contain an SNX-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs domain that forms a cup-shaped dimer, capable of binding to curved membranes and remodeling those membranes in some cases. Atg20 and Atg24 form two distinct complexes, an Atg24/Atg24 homodimer and an Atg20/Atg24 heterodimer. Despite the presence of Atg24 in both complexes, it is currently unclear if these complexes have different membrane binding and remodeling properties. Therefore, in this study, we explored the membrane binding and shaping properties of these two dimeric complexes. We found that Atg24/Atg24 and Atg20/Atg24 have distinct membrane binding preferences. Both dimers recognized membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, but Atg20/Atg24 bound to a broader array of liposomes, including those lacking phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol. In addition, we discovered that while both complexes bound to autophagosomal-like liposomes containing at least 5% PI(3)P, Atg20/Atg24 was capable of binding to autophagosomal-like liposomes lacking PI(3)P. Lastly, we observed that the Atg20/Atg24 heterodimer tubulates PI(3)P-containing and autophagosomal-like liposomes, but the Atg24/Atg24 homodimer could not tubulate these liposomes. Our findings suggest that these two dimers contain distinct membrane binding and shaping properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F. Reinhart
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sarah Katzenell
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Devika Andhare
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Katherine M. Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School
of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Michael J. Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire 03755, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School
of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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9
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Associated with the Gossypol Synthesis and Gland Morphogenesis in Gossypium hirsutum. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081452. [PMID: 36011363 PMCID: PMC9408450 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum is an important source of natural textile fibers. Gossypol, which is a sesquiterpenoid compound mainly existing in the cotton pigment glands, can facilitate resistance to the stress from diseases and pests. The level of gossypol in the cotton is positively correlated to the quantity of pigment glands. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of gossypol synthesis and gland morphogenesis are still poorly understood, especially from a transcriptional perspective. The transcripts of young leaves and ovules at 30 DPA of the glanded plants and glandless plants were studied by RNA-Seq and 865 million clean reads were obtained. A total of 34,426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis. Genes related to gossypol synthesis or gland morphogenesis displayed significant differential expression between the two cultivars. Functional annotation revealed that the candidate genes related to catalytic activity, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and biomolecular decomposition processes. Our work herein unveiled several potential candidate genes related to gossypol synthesis or gland morphogenesis and may provide useful clues for a breeding program of cotton cultivars with low cottonseed gossypol contents.
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10
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Kolawole OR, Kashfi K. NSAIDs and Cancer Resolution: New Paradigms beyond Cyclooxygenase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1432. [PMID: 35163356 PMCID: PMC8836048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation or resolved inflammation is an adaptive host defense mechanism and is self-limiting, which returns the body to a state of homeostasis. However, unresolved, uncontrolled, or chronic inflammation may lead to various maladies, including cancer. Important evidence that links inflammation and cancer is that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, reduce the risk and mortality from many cancers. The fact that NSAIDs inhibit the eicosanoid pathway prompted mechanistic drug developmental work focusing on cyclooxygenase (COX) and its products. The increased prostaglandin E2 levels and the overexpression of COX-2 in the colon and many other cancers provided the rationale for clinical trials with COX-2 inhibitors for cancer prevention or treatment. However, NSAIDs do not require the presence of COX-2 to prevent cancer. In this review, we highlight the effects of NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) on targets beyond COX-2 that have shown to be important against many cancers. Finally, we hone in on specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that are biosynthesized locally and, in a time, -dependent manner to promote the resolution of inflammation and subsequent tissue healing. Different classes of SPMs are reviewed, highlighting aspirin's potential in triggering the production of these resolution-promoting mediators (resolvins, lipoxins, protectins, and maresins), which show promise in inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafunke R. Kolawole
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10091, USA
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11
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Qiao Y, Choi JE, Tien JC, Simko SA, Rajendiran T, Vo JN, Delekta AD, Wang L, Xiao L, Hodge NB, Desai P, Mendoza S, Juckette K, Xu A, Soni T, Su F, Wang R, Cao X, Yu J, Kryczek I, Wang XM, Wang X, Siddiqui J, Wang Z, Bernard A, Fernandez-Salas E, Navone NM, Ellison SJ, Ding K, Eskelinen EL, Heath EI, Klionsky DJ, Zou W, Chinnaiyan AM. Autophagy Inhibition by Targeting PIKfyve Potentiates Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Prostate Cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:978-993. [PMID: 34738088 PMCID: PMC8562569 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) have thus far had limited success in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we report a phase I-cleared orally bioavailable MTKI, ESK981, with a novel autophagy inhibitory property that decreased tumor growth in diverse preclinical models of CRPC. The anti-tumor activity of ESK981 was maximized in immunocompetent tumor environments where it upregulated CXCL10 expression through the interferon gamma pathway and promoted functional T cell infiltration, which resulted in enhanced therapeutic response to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistically, we identify the lipid kinase PIKfyve as the direct target of ESK981. PIKfyve-knockdown recapitulated ESK981's anti-tumor activity and enhanced the therapeutic benefit of immune checkpoint blockade. Our study reveals that targeting PIKfyve via ESK981 turns tumors from cold into hot through inhibition of autophagy, which may prime the tumor immune microenvironment in advanced prostate cancer patients and be an effective treatment strategy alone or in combination with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jae Eun Choi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Jean C. Tien
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Simko
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Josh N. Vo
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andrew D. Delekta
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Lisha Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nathan B. Hodge
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Parth Desai
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sergio Mendoza
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kristin Juckette
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alice Xu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Fengyun Su
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Amélie Bernard
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200; Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ester Fernandez-Salas
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Ellison
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Elisabeth I. Heath
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Correspondence to: Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. Phone: 734-615-4062; Fax: 734-615-4498;
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12
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Hussein NA, Malla S, Pasternak MA, Terrero D, Brown NG, Ashby CR, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Tiwari AK. The role of endolysosomal trafficking in anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100769. [PMID: 34217999 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle towards curative treatment of cancer. Despite considerable progress in delineating the basis of intrinsic and acquired MDR, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Emerging evidences suggest that dysregulation in endolysosomal compartments is involved in mediating MDR through multiple mechanisms, such as alterations in endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes, that traffic and biodegrade the molecular cargo through macropinocytosis, autophagy and endocytosis. For example, altered lysosomal pH, in combination with transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal biogenesis, increases the sequestration of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs that are weak bases, thereby producing an insufficient and off-target accumulation of anti-cancer drugs in MDR cancer cells. Thus, the use of well-tolerated, alkalinizing compounds that selectively block Vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) may be an important strategy to overcome MDR in cancer cells and increase chemotherapeutic efficacy. Other mechanisms of endolysosomal-mediated drug resistance include increases in the expression of lysosomal proteases and cathepsins that are involved in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, blocking the trafficking and maturation of lysosomal proteases or direct inhibition of cathepsin activity in the cytosol may represent novel therapeutic modalities to overcome MDR. Furthermore, endolysosomal compartments involved in catabolic pathways, such as macropinocytosis and autophagy, are also shown to be involved in the development of MDR. Here, we review the role of endolysosomal trafficking in MDR development and discuss how targeting endolysosomal pathways could emerge as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Noah G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA.
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13
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Subcellular Localization and Vesicular Structures of Anthocyanin Pigmentation by Fluorescence Imaging of Black Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Stigma Protoplast. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040685. [PMID: 33918111 PMCID: PMC8066712 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoid compounds broadly distributed in plant species responsible for attractive colors. In black rice (Oryza sativa L.), they are present in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. However, there is still no scientific evidence supporting the existence of compartmentalization and trafficking of anthocyanin inside the cells. In the current study, we took advantage of autofluorescence with anthocyanin’s unique excitation/emission properties to elucidate the subcellular localization of anthocyanin and report on the in planta characterization of anthocyanin prevacuolar vesicles (APV) and anthocyanic vacuolar inclusion (AVI) structure. Protoplasts were isolated from the stigma of black and brown rice and imaging using a confocal microscope. Our result showed the fluorescence displaying magenta color in purple stigma and no fluorescence in white stigma when excitation was provided by a helium–neon 552 nm and emission long pass 610–670 nm laser. The fluorescence was distributed throughout the cell, mainly in the central vacuole. Fluorescent images revealed two pools of anthocyanin inside the cells. The diffuse pools were largely found inside the vacuole lumen, while the body structures could be observed mostly inside the cytoplasm (APV) and slightly inside the vacuole (AVI) with different shapes, sizes, and color intensity. Based on their sizes, AVI could be grouped into small (Ф < 0.5 um), middle (Ф between 0.5 and 1 um), and large size (Ф > 1 um). Together, these results provided evidence about the sequestration and trafficking of anthocyanin from the cytoplasm to the central vacuole and the existence of different transport mechanisms of anthocyanin. Our results suggest that stigma cells are an excellent system for in vivo studying of anthocyanin in rice and provide a good foundation for understanding anthocyanin metabolism in plants, sequestration, and trafficking in black rice.
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14
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Wani A, Al Rihani SB, Sharma A, Weadick B, Govindarajan R, Khan SU, Sharma PR, Dogra A, Nandi U, Reddy CN, Bharate SS, Singh G, Bharate SB, Vishwakarma RA, Kaddoumi A, Kumar A. Crocetin promotes clearance of amyloid-β by inducing autophagy via the STK11/LKB1-mediated AMPK pathway. Autophagy 2021; 17:3813-3832. [PMID: 33404280 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is usually accompanied by two prominent pathological features, cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and presence of MAPT/tau neurofibrillary tangles. Dysregulated clearance of Aβ largely contributes to its accumulation and plaque formation in the brain. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process, which plays an important role in the clearance of Aβ. Failure of autophagic clearance of Aβ is currently acknowledged as a contributing factor to increased accumulation of Aβ in AD brains. In this study, we have identified crocetin, a pharmacologically active constituent from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus, as a potential inducer of autophagy in AD. In the cellular model, crocetin induced autophagy in N9 microglial and primary neuron cells through STK11/LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11)-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation. Autophagy induction by crocetin significantly increased Aβ clearance in N9 cells. Moreover, crocetin crossed the blood-brain barrier and induced autophagy in the brains' hippocampi of wild-type male C57BL/6 mice. Further studies in transgenic male 5XFAD mice, as a model of AD, revealed that one-month treatment with crocetin significantly reduced Aβ levels and neuroinflammation in the mice brains and improved memory function by inducing autophagy that was mediated by AMPK pathway activation. Our findings support further development of crocetin as a pharmacological inducer of autophagy to prevent, slow down progression, and/or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Wani
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sweilem B Al Rihani
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Brenna Weadick
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sameer U Khan
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Parduman R Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chilakala N Reddy
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
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15
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da Silva CA, Monteiro MLGDR, Araújo LS, Urzedo MG, Rocha LB, dos Reis MA, Machado JR. In situ evaluation of podocytes in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241745. [PMID: 33147279 PMCID: PMC7641434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) results from the imbalance between adaptive responses that maintain homeostasis and cellular dysfunction that can culminate in cell death. Therefore, an in situ analysis was performed to detect morphological changes related to cell death and autophagy in renal biopsies from adult patients with podocytopathies. Forty-nine renal biopsies from patients with FSGS (n = 22) and MCD (n = 27) were selected. In situ expression of Wilms Tumor 1 protein (WT1), light chain microtubule 1-associated protein (LC3) and caspase-3 protein were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The foot process effacement and morphological alterations related to podocyte cell death and autophagy were analyzed with transmission electronic microscopy. Reduction in the density of WT1-labeled podocytes was observed for FSGS and MCD cases as compared to controls. Foot process width (FPW) in control group was lower than in cases of podocytopathies. In FSGS group, FPW was significantly higher than in MCD group and correlated with proteinuria. A density of LC3-labeled podocytes and the number of autophagosomes in podocytes/ pedicels were higher in the MCD group than in the FSGS group. The number of autophagosomes correlated positively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in cases of MCD. The density of caspase-3-labeled podocytes in FSGS and MCD was higher than control group, and a higher number of podocytes with an evidence of necrosis was detected in FSGS cases than in MCD and control cases. Podocytes from patients diagnosed with FSGS showed more morphological and functional alterations resulting from a larger number of lesions and reduced cell adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza Gonçalves dos Reis Monteiro
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Silvano Araújo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monise Gini Urzedo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia dos Reis
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Banerjee S, Kane PM. Regulation of V-ATPase Activity and Organelle pH by Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Lipids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:510. [PMID: 32656214 PMCID: PMC7324685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal pH and the distinctive distribution of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids are central identifying features of organelles in all eukaryotic cells that are also critical for organelle function. V-ATPases are conserved proton pumps that populate and acidify multiple organelles of the secretory and the endocytic pathway. Complete loss of V-ATPase activity causes embryonic lethality in higher animals and conditional lethality in yeast, while partial loss of V-ATPase function is associated with multiple disease states. On the other hand, many cancer cells increase their virulence by upregulating V-ATPase expression and activity. The pH of individual organelles is tightly controlled and essential for function, but the mechanisms for compartment-specific pH regulation are not completely understood. There is substantial evidence indicating that the PIP content of membranes influences organelle pH. We present recent evidence that PIPs interact directly with subunit isoforms of the V-ATPase to dictate localization of V-ATPase subpopulations and participate in their regulation. In yeast cells, which have only one set of organelle-specific V-ATPase subunit isoforms, the Golgi-enriched lipid PI(4)P binds to the cytosolic domain of the Golgi-enriched a-subunit isoform Stv1, and loss of PI(4)P binding results in mislocalization of Stv1-containing V-ATPases from the Golgi to the vacuole/lysosome. In contrast, levels of the vacuole/lysosome-enriched signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2 affect assembly and activity of V-ATPases containing the Vph1 a-subunit isoform. Mutations in the Vph1 isoform that disrupt the lipid interaction increase sensitivity to stress. These studies have decoded “zip codes” for PIP lipids in the cytosolic N-terminal domain of the a-subunit isoforms of the yeast V-ATPase, and similar interactions between PIP lipids and the V-ATPase subunit isoforms are emerging in higher eukaryotes. In addition to direct effects on the V-ATPase, PIP lipids are also likely to affect organelle pH indirectly, through interactions with other membrane transporters. We discuss direct and indirect effects of PIP lipids on organelle pH, and the functional consequences of the interplay between PIP lipid content and organelle pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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17
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Zhao X, Jiang Y, Jiang T, Han X, Wang Y, Chen L, Feng X. Physiological and pathological regulation of autophagy in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:293-303. [PMID: 32556514 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy exists widely in eukaryotic cells and is regulated by a variety of molecular mechanisms. Its physiological functions include providing energy, maintaining cell homeostasis, and promoting apoptosis of abnormal cells. At present, the regulation of autophagy in tumor, degenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease has attracted much attention. Gradually, the role of autophagy in pregnancy tends to be valued. The previous literature has shown that autophagy can influence the occurrence and maintenance of pregnancy from three aspects: embryo (affecting the process of fertilization and embryonic development and the function of trophoblast cells), maternal (decidualization), and maternal-to-fetal immune crosstalk. Undoubtedly, abnormalities in autophagy levels are associated with a variety of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm delivery which have been proven by human, animal, and in vitro experiments. The regulation of autophagy is expected to be a target for the treatment of these pregnancy complications. This article reviews the research on autophagy, especially about its physiological and pathological regulation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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18
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Feng H, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Shan B. Leptin acts on mesenchymal stem cells to promote chemoresistance in osteosarcoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6340-6351. [PMID: 32289750 PMCID: PMC7185129 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Leptin signaling influences osteoblastogenesis and modulates the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during bone and cartilage regeneration. Although MSCs abound in the osteosarcoma (OS) microenvironment, and leptin exhibits pro-tumorigenic properties, leptin's influence on OS progression and chemoresistant signaling in MSCs remains unclear. Using cell viability and apoptosis assays, we showed that medium conditioned by leptin-treated human MSCs promotes cisplatin resistance in cultured human OS cells. Moreover, GFP-LC3 expression and chloroquine treatment experiments showed that this effect is mediated by stimulation of autophagy in OS cells. TGF-β expression in MSCs was upregulated by leptin and suppressed by leptin receptor knockdown. Silencing TGF-β in MSCs also abolished OS cell chemoresistance induced by leptin-conditioned medium. Cisplatin resistance was also induced when leptin-conditioned MSCs were co-injected with MG-63 OS cells to generate subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Finally, we observed a significant correlation between autophagy-associated gene expression in OS clinical samples and patient prognosis. We conclude that leptin upregulates TGF-β in MSCs, which promotes autophagy-mediated chemoresistance in OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
- Hebei Province Xingtai People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Hebei Province Xingtai People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
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19
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Iwata W, Unoki-Kubota H, Kato H, Shimizu A, Matsumoto M, Imasawa T, Igarashi A, Matsumoto K, Noda T, Terauchi Y, Nangaku M, Kasuga M, Kaburagi Y. Podocyte-specific deletion of tubular sclerosis complex 2 promotes focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal failure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229397. [PMID: 32191726 PMCID: PMC7082048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity can initiate and accelerate the progression of kidney diseases. However, it remains unclear how obesity affects renal dysfunction. Here, we show that a newly generated podocyte-specific tubular sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2) knockout mouse model (Tsc2Δpodocyte) develops proteinuria and dies due to end-stage renal dysfunction by 10 weeks of age. Tsc2Δpodocyte mice exhibit an increased glomerular size and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, including podocyte foot process effacement, mesangial sclerosis and proteinaceous casts. Podocytes isolated from Tsc2Δpodocyte mice show nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2-mediated increased oxidative stress response on microarray analysis and their autophagic activity is lowered through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-unc-51-like kinase 1 pathway. Rapamycin attenuated podocyte dysfunction and extends survival in Tsc2Δpodocyte mice. Additionally, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity is increased in podocytes of renal biopsy specimens obtained from obese patients with chronic kidney disease. Our work shows that mTORC1 hyperactivation in podocytes leads to severe renal dysfunction and that inhibition of mTORC1 activity in podocytes could be a key therapeutic target for obesity-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakiko Iwata
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Unoki-Kubota
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kato
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Imasawa
- Kidney Center, National Hospital Organization Chiba-Higashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arisa Igarashi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kaburagi
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Finkbeiner S. The Autophagy Lysosomal Pathway and Neurodegeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a033993. [PMID: 30936119 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP) is a major mechanism for degrading intracellular macromolecules. The catabolic products can then be used by the cell for energy or as building blocks to make other macromolecules. Since its discovery, a variety of cellular pathways have emerged that target components with varying specificity for lysosomal degradation. Under some circumstances, lysosomes may release their contents into the extracellular space where they may serve signaling or pathogenic functions. The ALP is active in healthy cells, and the level of activity can be regulated by nutrient-sensing and metabolic signaling pathways. The ALP is the primary pathway by which lipids and damaged organelles are degraded and may be the only pathway capable of degrading aggregated proteins. As such, there has been intense interest in understanding the role of the ALP in the accumulation of aggregated misfolded proteins characteristic of many of the major adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the ALP and its potential relationship to the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Finkbeiner
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158.,Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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21
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Crocker CL, Baumgarner BL, Kinsey ST. β-guanidinopropionic acid and metformin differentially impact autophagy, mitochondria and cellular morphology in developing C2C12 muscle cells. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:221-237. [PMID: 31836952 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a drug target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin, a widely prescribed anti-hyperglycemic agent, and β-guanidinopropionic acid (β-GPA), a dietary supplement and creatine analog, have been shown to increase activity of AMPK. Macroautophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway for aggregated proteins and dysfunctional organelles, which can be mediated by AMPK. The present study sought to elucidate how metformin and β-GPA affect cell morphology, AMPK activity, autophagy and mitochondrial morphology and function in developing C2C12 myotubes. β-GPA reduced myotube diameter and increased length throughout differentiation, while metformin increased myotube diameter only at the 48 h time point. β-GPA treatment enhanced AMPK signaling and expression of autophagy-related proteins. β-GPA treatment also increased the density of autophagosomes, autolysosomes, and lysosomes. Metformin also increased activation of AMPK after 48 h, but in contrast to β-GPA, led to a dramatic reduction in the density of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Both metformin and β-GPA reduced the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and differentially altered mitochondrial morphology. Obesity and T2D have been shown to increase mitochondrial dysfunction and reduce autophagic flux in skeletal muscle cells. Therefore, β-GPA may help to alleviate the effects of metabolic disease by increasing autophagic flux in skeletal muscle cells. In contrast, the reduction of autophagy by metformin may lead to dysregulation of mitochondrial maintenance, as well as muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Crocker
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Bradley L Baumgarner
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Stephen T Kinsey
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
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22
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Park S, Zuber C, Roth J. Selective autophagy of cytosolic protein aggregates involves ribosome-free rough endoplasmic reticulum. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:89-99. [PMID: 31720797 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative cellular process that can be both non-selective and selective and begins with the formation of a unique smooth double-membrane phagophore which wraps around a portion of the cytoplasm. Excess and damaged organelles and cytoplasmic protein aggregates are degraded by selective autophagy. Previously, we reported that in fed HepG2 cells, cytoplasmic aggregates of EDEM1 and surplus fibrinogen Aα-γ assembly intermediates are targets of selective autophagy receptors and become degraded by a selective autophagy called aggrephagy. Here, we show by multiple confocal immunofluorescence and colocalization panels the codistribution of cytoplasmic protein aggregates with the selective autophagy receptors p62/SQSTM1 and NBR1 and with the phagophore marker LC3, and that phagophores induced by vinblastine treatment contain complexes of protein aggregates and selective autophagy receptors. By combined serial ultrathin section analysis and immunoelectron microscopy, we found that in fed HepG2 cells, a basically ribosome-free subdomain of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae forms a cradle that engulfs the cytoplasmic protein aggregates. This RER subdomain appears structurally different from omegasomes formed by the RER, which were suggested to provide a membrane platform from which the phagophore is derived in starvation-induced autophagy. Taken together, our observations provide further evidence for the importance of RER subdomains as a site and membrane source for phagophore formation and show their involvement in selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Park
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Christian Zuber
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Roth
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea. .,Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Jiang W, He L, Qu H. Modulation of autophagy in traumatic brain injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1973-1985. [PMID: 31512236 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a traumatically induced structural injury or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of external forces, leading to adult disability and death. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in autophagy-related proteins exist extensively in both experimentally and clinically after TBI. Of note, the autophagy pathway plays an essential role in pathophysiological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, thus contributing to neurological properties of TBI. With this in mind, this review summarizes a comprehensive overview on the beneficial and detrimental effects of autophagy in pathophysiological conditions and how these activities are linked to the pathogenesis of TBI. Moreover, the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy occur TBI. Ultimately, multiple compounds and various drugs targeting the autophagy pathway are well described in TBI. Therefore, autophagy flux represents a potential clinical therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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24
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Rudzińska M, Parodi A, Soond SM, Vinarov AZ, Korolev DO, Morozov AO, Daglioglu C, Tutar Y, Zamyatnin AA. The Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3602. [PMID: 31340550 PMCID: PMC6678516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes belonging to the papain family. Their expression is misregulated in a wide variety of tumors, and ample data prove their involvement in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in the occurrence of drug resistance. However, while their overexpression is usually associated with highly aggressive tumor phenotypes, their mechanistic role in cancer progression is still to be determined to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we highlight the literature related to the role of the cysteine cathepsins in cancer biology, with particular emphasis on their input into tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzińska
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Z Vinarov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Korolev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey O Morozov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Cenk Daglioglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 35430 Urla/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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25
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Wani A, Gupta M, Ahmad M, Shah AM, Ahsan AU, Qazi PH, Malik F, Singh G, Sharma PR, Kaddoumi A, Bharate SB, Vishwakarma RA, Kumar A. Alborixin clears amyloid-β by inducing autophagy through PTEN-mediated inhibition of the AKT pathway. Autophagy 2019; 15:1810-1828. [PMID: 30894052 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in production and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) is the primary reason for its deposition in Alzheimer disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is one of the important mechanisms for clearance of both intracellular and extracellular Aβ. Here, through screening, we identified alborixin, an ionophore, as a potent inducer of autophagy. We found that autophagy induced by alborixin substantially cleared Aβ in microglia and primary neuronal cells. Induction of autophagy was accompanied by up regulation of autophagy proteins BECN1/Beclin 1, ATG5, ATG7 and increased lysosomal activities. Autophagy induced by alborixin was associated with inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. A knock down of PTEN and consistent, constitutive activation of AKT inhibited alborixin-induced autophagy and consequent clearance of Aβ. Furthermore, clearance of Aβ by alborixin led to significant reduction of Aβ-mediated cytotoxicity in primary neurons and differentiated N2a cells. Thus, our findings put forward alborixin as a potential anti-Alzheimer therapeutic lead. Abbreviations: Aβ: amyloid beta; ALB: alborixin; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; DAPI: 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DCFH-DA: 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; fAβ: fibrillary form of amyloid beta; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TMRE: tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Wani
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
| | - Mehak Gupta
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
| | - Masroor Ahmad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Aabid M Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Microbial biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Aitizaz Ul Ahsan
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Parvaiz H Qazi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Microbial biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
| | - Parduman R Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
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26
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Singh K, Lee ME, Entezari M, Jung CH, Kim Y, Park Y, Fioretti JD, Huh WK, Park HO, Kang PJ. Genome-Wide Studies of Rho5-Interacting Proteins That Are Involved in Oxidant-Induced Cell Death in Budding Yeast. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:921-931. [PMID: 30670610 PMCID: PMC6404601 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases play critical roles in cell proliferation and cell death in many species. As in animal cells, cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo regulated cell death under various physiological conditions and upon exposure to external stress. The Rho5 GTPase is necessary for oxidant-induced cell death, and cells expressing a constitutively active GTP-locked Rho5 are hypersensitive to oxidants. Yet how Rho5 regulates yeast cell death has been poorly understood. To identify genes that are involved in the Rho5-mediated cell death program, we performed two complementary genome-wide screens: one screen for oxidant-resistant deletion mutants and another screen for Rho5-associated proteins. Functional enrichment and interaction network analysis revealed enrichment for genes in pathways related to metabolism, transport, and plasma membrane organization. In particular, we find that ATG21, which is known to be involved in the CVT (Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting) pathway and mitophagy, is necessary for cell death induced by oxidants. Cells lacking Atg21 exhibit little cell death upon exposure to oxidants even when the GTP-locked Rho5 is expressed. Moreover, Atg21 interacts with Rho5 preferentially in its GTP-bound state, suggesting that Atg21 is a downstream target of Rho5 in oxidant-induced cell death. Given the high degree of conservation of Rho GTPases and autophagy from yeast to human, this study may provide insight into regulated cell death in eukaryotes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komudi Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mid Eum Lee
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Maryam Entezari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jack D Fioretti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Pil Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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27
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Biskou O, Casanova V, Hooper KM, Kemp S, Wright GP, Satsangi J, Barlow PG, Stevens C. The type III intermediate filament vimentin regulates organelle distribution and modulates autophagy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209665. [PMID: 30699149 PMCID: PMC6353089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein vimentin plays a key role in positioning of organelles within the cytosol and has been linked to the regulation of numerous cellular processes including autophagy, however, how vimentin regulates autophagy remains relatively unexplored. Here we report that inhibition of vimentin using the steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WFA) causes vimentin to aggregate, and this is associated with the relocalisation of organelles including autophagosomes and lysosomes from the cytosol to a juxtanuclear location. Vimentin inhibition causes autophagosomes to accumulate, and we demonstrate this results from modulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) activity, and disruption of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We suggest that vimentin plays a physiological role in autophagosome and lysosome positioning, thus identifying vimentin as a key factor in the regulation of mTORC1 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Biskou
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty M. Hooper
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sadie Kemp
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Wright
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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28
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Xu P, Damschroder D, Zhang M, Ryall KA, Adler PN, Saucerman JJ, Wessells RJ, Yan Z. Atg2, Atg9 and Atg18 in mitochondrial integrity, cardiac function and healthspan in Drosophila. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:116-124. [PMID: 30571977 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In yeast, the Atg2-Atg18 complex regulates Atg9 recycling from phagophore assembly site during autophagy; their function in higher eukaryotes remains largely unknown. In a targeted screening in Drosophila melanogaster, we show that Mef2-GAL4-RNAi-mediated knockdown of Atg2, Atg9 or Atg18 in the heart and indirect flight muscles led to shortened healthspan (declined locomotive function) and lifespan. These flies displayed an accelerated age-dependent loss of cardiac function along with cardiac hypertrophy (increased heart tube wall thickness) and structural abnormality (distortion of the lumen surface). Using the Mef2-GAL4-MitoTimer mitochondrial reporter system and transmission electron microscopy, we observed significant elongation of mitochondria and reduced number of lysosome-targeted autophagosomes containing mitochondria in the heart tube but exaggerated mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced mitochondrial density in indirect flight muscles. These findings provide the first direct evidence of the importance of Atg2-Atg18/Atg9 autophagy complex in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and, regulation of heart and muscle functions in Drosophila, raising the possibility of augmenting Atg2-Atg18/Atg9 activity in promoting mitochondrial health and, muscle and heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Karen A Ryall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Paul N Adler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Robert J Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
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29
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Zhang L, Yao Z, Ji G. Herbal Extracts and Natural Products in Alleviating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Activating Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1459. [PMID: 30618753 PMCID: PMC6297257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease world-wide, and currently therapeutic options for NAFLD are limited. Herbal medicine (HM) may offer an attractive alternative for the treatment of NAFLD. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the autophagy-inducing agents, and autophagy activation has been recognized as an efficient strategy in managing NAFLD and related complications. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated certain potential of HM extracts and natural products in inducing autophagy, which might contribute to the efficacy of HM in preventing and treating NAFLD. This review aims to summarize current understanding of mechanisms of HM extracts and natural products in preventing and treating NAFLD. Specially, we focused on mechanisms by which autophagy can target the main pathogenesis events associated with NAFLD, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It is hoped that this brief review can provide a general understanding of HM extracts and natural products in treating NAFLD, and raise awareness of potential clinical application of HM in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Fruhmann G, Marchal C, Vignaud H, Verduyckt M, Talarek N, De Virgilio C, Winderickx J, Cullin C. The Impact of ESCRT on Aβ 1-42 Induced Membrane Lesions in a Yeast Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:406. [PMID: 30455629 PMCID: PMC6230623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ metabolism plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we used a yeast model to monitor Aβ42 toxicity when entering the secretory pathway and demonstrate that processing in, and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required to unleash the full Aβ42 toxic potential. Consistent with previously reported data, our data suggests that Aβ42 interacts with mitochondria, thereby enhancing formation of reactive oxygen species and eventually leading to cell demise. We used our model to search for genes that modulate this deleterious effect, either by reducing or enhancing Aβ42 toxicity, based on screening of the yeast knockout collection. This revealed a reduced Aβ42 toxicity not only in strains hampered in ER-Golgi traffic and mitochondrial functioning but also in strains lacking genes connected to the cell cycle and the DNA replication stress response. On the other hand, increased Aβ42 toxicity was observed in strains affected in the actin cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis and the formation of multivesicular bodies, including key factors of the ESCRT machinery. Since the latter was shown to be required for the repair of membrane lesions in mammalian systems, we studied this aspect in more detail in our yeast model. Our data demonstrated that Aβ42 heavily disturbed the plasma membrane integrity in a strain lacking the ESCRT-III accessory factor Bro1, a phenotype that came along with a severe growth defect and enhanced loading of lipid droplets. Thus, it appears that also in yeast ESCRT is required for membrane repair, thereby counteracting one of the deleterious effects induced by the expression of Aβ42. Combined, our studies once more validated the use of yeast as a model to investigate fundamental mechanisms underlying the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christelle Marchal
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Vignaud
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | | | - Nicolas Talarek
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Cullin
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
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Glycophagy: An emerging target in pathology. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Barutcu SA, Girnius N, Vernia S, Davis RJ. Role of the MAPK/cJun NH 2-terminal kinase signaling pathway in starvation-induced autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 14:1586-1595. [PMID: 29950132 PMCID: PMC6135577 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1466013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is required for cellular homeostasis and can determine cell viability in response to stress. It is established that MTOR is a master regulator of starvation-induced macroautophagy/autophagy, but recent studies have also implicated an essential role for the MAPK8/cJun NH2-terminal kinase 1 signal transduction pathway. We found that MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2 were not required for autophagy caused by starvation or MTOR inhibition in murine fibroblasts and epithelial cells. These data demonstrate that MAPK8/9 has no required role in starvation-induced autophagy. We conclude that the role of MAPK8/9 in autophagy may be context-dependent and more complex than previously considered. Abbreviations: AKT: thymoma viral proto-oncogene;ALB: albumin; ATG4: autophagy related 4; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; CQ: chloroquine diphosphate; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EBSS: Earle’s balanced salt solution; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HRAS: Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; MAPK3/ERK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; MAPK8/JNK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MAPK9/JNK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 9; MAPK10/JNK3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 10; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RPS6KB1/p70: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; SEM: standard error of the mean; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TORC1: target of rapamycin complex 1; TORC2: target of rapamycin complex 2; TRP53: transforming related protein 53; TUBA: tubulin alpha; UV: ultraviolet; WT: wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Avcioglu Barutcu
- a Program in Molecular Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- a Program in Molecular Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Santiago Vernia
- a Program in Molecular Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- a Program in Molecular Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA.,b Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Worcester , MA , USA
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Yu Y, Li W, Ren L, Yang C, Li D, Han X, Sun Y, Lv C, Han F. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced cobalt chloride‑induced apoptosis in rat alveolar type II epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2124-2132. [PMID: 29956802 PMCID: PMC6072215 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a type of cellular stress that may result in apoptosis and autophagy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between autophagy and apoptosis remain unclear, particularly in hypoxic conditions. Transmission electron microscope, AO-PI staining, flow cytometry and western blot were used to examine the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in hypoxic conditions. Rat alveolar type II epithelial RLE-6TN cells were cultured in a long-term hypoxic environment established by cobalt (II) chloride. It was demonstrated that autophagy and apoptosis occurred in RLE-6TN cells under hypoxic conditions. Treatment of RLE-6TN cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage and hypoxia-induced apoptosis. The expression of caspases, particularly caspase-9, increased and may have participated in these processes. The data indicated that the inhibition of autophagy enhanced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway. These findings provide important insight into the molecular mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis crosstalk. This may provide new insights into pulmonary disease surveillance, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Wanting Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Ren
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Dongze Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Han
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yeying Sun
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Fang Han
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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Ru YX, Dong SX, Li Y, Zhao SX, Liang HY, Zhu XF, Zheng YZ, Zhang FK. A novel anemia associated with membranous cytoplasm degeneration in 16 patients: an ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:350-357. [PMID: 29913101 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1485807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen patients with mild anemia and hemolysis were difficult to be classified into any known category based on laboratory examinations and light microscopy. To make a definite diagnosis and investigate the pathomechanism, ultrastructural study was performed on erythroid cells from 16 patients. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a series of alterations of cytoplasm, including cytoplasm sequestration, membranous transformation, and degeneration in erythroblasts and reticulocytes at different stages. The affected erythroblasts were usually complicated with chromatin condensation, karyorrhexis, nuclear membrane lysis, and megaloblastic changes. The reticulocytes with the cytoplasm alterations had a huge size from 10 um to 15 um in diameter. The membranous cytoplasm degeneration revealed a unique pathomechanism of dyserythropoiesis and ineffective erythropoiesis in 16 patients with anemia, and suggested a novel anemia category though more details remained to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Ru
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Shu-Xu Dong
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yuan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Shi-Xuan Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Hao-Yue Liang
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yi-Zhou Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Feng-Kui Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , Beijing , China
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Barreto LR, Barreto T, Melo S, Pungartnik C, Brendel M. Sensitivity of Yeast Mutants Deficient in Mitochondrial or Vacuolar ABC Transporters to Pathogenesis-Related Protein TcPR-10 of Theobroma cacao. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7020035. [PMID: 29899284 PMCID: PMC6022951 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) are induced in plants after infection by pathogens and/or abiotic stress. Among these proteins, the family 10 (PR-10) influences the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and shows antimicrobial ribonuclease activity. TcPR-10p (Pathogenesis-related Protein 10 of Theobroma cacao) was isolated from resistant and susceptible Moniliophthora perniciosa cacao cultivars. Cell survival with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lines deficient in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins indicated the influence on resistance to TcPR-10p. Proteins of the ABC transport type are considered important in the process of resistance to antimicrobials and toxins. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the sensitivity of ABC transporter yeast mutants in the presence of the TcPR-10p. Chronic exposure of S. cerevisiae mitochondrial (BYatm1Δ and BYmdl1Δ) and vacuole (BYnft1Δ, BYvmr1Δ, BYybt1Δ, BYycf1Δ and BYbpt1Δ) ABC transporter mutants to TcPR-10p (3 μg/mL, 0, 6, 12 and 24 h) was performed. Two TcPR-10p sensitive strains (BYmdl1Δ and BYnft1Δ) were submitted to a fluorescence test with the fluorogenic dihydroethidium (DHE), to visualize the presence of oxidative stress in the cells. Oxidative stress-increased sensitivity was confirmed by flow cytometry indicating induced cell death either via apoptosis or necrosis. This yeast data combined with previous data of literature (of M. perniciosa sensitivity to TcPR-10p) show that increased sensitivity to TcPR-10p in these mutants could be due to the TcPR10p-generated higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to increased cell death either via necrosis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Thayná Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pungartnik
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Martin Brendel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
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Lu S, Yao Y, Xu G, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Sun J, Jiang R, Shao Q, Chen Y. CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:646. [PMID: 29844385 PMCID: PMC5974417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of most common solid cancers worldwide. Sorafenib is indicated as a treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical efficacy of sorafenib has been severely compromised by the development of drug resistance, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance remain largely unknown. Here we found that a cell surface molecule, CD24, is overexpressed in tumor tissues and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between CD24 expression levels and sorafenib resistance. In sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, depletion of CD24 caused a notable increase of sorafenib sensitivity. In addition, we found that CD24-related sorafenib resistance was accompanied by the activation of autophagy and can be blocked by the inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or essential autophagy gene knockdown. In further research, we found that CD24 overexpression also leads to an increase in PP2A protein production and induces the deactivation of the mTOR/AKT pathway, which enhances the level of autophagy. These results demonstrate that CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in HCC. This is the first report to describe the relationships among CD24, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, the combination of autophagy modulation and CD24 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Guolong Xu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China.
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37
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Liu T, Liu X, Li W. Tetrandrine, a Chinese plant-derived alkaloid, is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40800-40815. [PMID: 27027348 PMCID: PMC5130046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of cells governed by tumorigenic factors. Chemotherapy is one of the major cancer treatment strategies, and it functions by targeting the physiological capabilities of cancer cells, including sustained proliferation and angiogenesis, the evasion of programmed cell death, tissue invasion and metastasis. Remarkably, natural products have garnered increased attention in the chemotherapy drug discovery field because they are biologically friendly and have high therapeutic effects. Tetrandrine, isolated from the root of Stephania tetrandra S Moore, is a traditional Chinese clinical agent for silicosis, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Recently, the novel anti-tumor effects of tetrandrine have been widely investigated. More impressive is that tetrandrine affects multiple biological activities of cancer cells, including the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion; the induction of apoptosis and autophagy; the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR); and the enhancement of radiation sensitization. This review focuses on introducing the latest information about the anti-tumor effects of tetrandrine on various cancers and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, we discuss the nanoparticle delivery system being developed for tetrandrine and the anti-tumor effects of other bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives on cancer cells. All current evidence demonstrates that tetrandrine is a promising candidate as a cancer chemotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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38
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Shabaninia M, Tourchi A, Di Carlo H, Gearhart JP. Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Cell Proliferation in Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex. Urology 2018; 111:157-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Angiotensin II induces calcium-mediated autophagy in podocytes through enhancing reactive oxygen species levels. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Gontijo FDA, de Melo AT, Pascon RC, Fernandes L, Paes HC, Alspaugh JA, Vallim MA. The role of Aspartyl aminopeptidase (Ape4) in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence and authophagy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177461. [PMID: 28542452 PMCID: PMC5444613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survive and cause disease, microbial pathogens must be able to proliferate at the temperature of their infected host. We identified novel microbial features associated with thermotolerance in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans using a random insertional mutagenesis strategy, screening for mutants with defective growth at 37°C. Among several thermosensitive mutants, we identified one bearing a disruption in a gene predicted to encode the Ape4 aspartyl aminopeptidase protein. Ape4 metalloproteases in other fungi, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are activated by nitrogen starvation, and they are required for autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. However, none have been previously associated with altered growth at elevated temperatures. We demonstrated that the C. neoformans ape4 mutant does not grow at 37°C, and it also has defects in the expression of important virulence factors such as phospholipase production and capsule formation. C. neoformans Ape4 activity was required for this facultative intracellular pathogen to survive within macrophages, as well as for virulence in an animal model of cryptococcal infection. Similar to S. cerevisiae Ape4, the C. neoformans GFP-Ape4 fusion protein co-localized with intracytoplasmic vesicles during nitrogen depletion. APE4 expression was also induced by the combination of nutrient and thermal stress. Together these results suggest that autophagy is an important cellular process for this microbial pathogen to survive within the environment of the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata C. Pascon
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - J. Andrew Alspaugh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Marcelo A. Vallim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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41
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Enhanced Autophagy Contributes to Protective Effects of GM1 Ganglioside Against Aβ1-42-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deficits. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2417-2426. [PMID: 28497346 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The aggregation of Aβ peptides, Aβ1-42 in particular, is thought to be a fundamental pathogenic mechanism leading to the neuronal damage in AD. Recently, monosialoganglioside GM1 is reported to possess pivotal neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have focused on the conformational dynamics and the biochemical interaction of the amyloid-peptide with the GM1 ganglioside, as well as the protective effect of GM1 on cognition. However, the phenomenon of autophagy with regard to neuronal dysfunction in AD is less investigated. In the present study, GM1 treatment were investigated in an AD mouse model and cultured PC12 dells to examine cognition-protective and neuroprotective effects of GM1. Furthermore, GM1 was found to induce autophagy via testing light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 protein and p62 (a substrate of LC3). Chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal, was used to exclude the interference of lysosome, which could fuse with autophagosome and then clear it. In the presence of the inhibitor of autophagy (3-methyladenine; 3-MA), the protective effect of GM1 on PC12 cells in Aβ (1-42) induced toxic conditions was diminished. Interestingly, the expression of histone deacetylase 1 was increased in PC12 cells when treated with GM1, indicating that autophagy might be activated by GM1 through a pathway integrates protein acetylation. This study provides a novel insight into the protective role of GM1 against Aβ (1-42)-induced neurotoxicity via enhancing autophagy.
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42
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Pan S, Sharma P, Shah SD, Deshpande DA. Bitter taste receptor agonists alter mitochondrial function and induce autophagy in airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L154-L165. [PMID: 28450286 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00106.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling, including increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, is a hallmark feature of asthma and COPD. We previously identified the expression of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) on human ASM cells and demonstrated that known TAS2R agonists could promote ASM relaxation and bronchodilation and inhibit mitogen-induced ASM growth. In this study, we explored cellular mechanisms mediating the antimitogenic effect of TAS2R agonists on human ASM cells. Pretreatment of ASM cells with TAS2R agonists chloroquine and quinine resulted in inhibition of cell survival, which was largely reversed by bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor. Transmission electron microscope studies demonstrated the presence of double-membrane autophagosomes and deformed mitochondria. In ASM cells, TAS2R agonists decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial fragmentation. Inhibiting dynamin-like protein 1 (DLP1) reversed TAS2R agonist-induced mitochondrial membrane potential change and attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. Furthermore, the expression of mitochondrial protein BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) and mitochondrial localization of DLP1 were significantly upregulated by TAS2R agonists. More importantly, inhibiting Bnip3 mitochondrial localization by dominant-negative Bnip3 significantly attenuated cell death induced by TAS2R agonist. Collectively the TAS2R agonists chloroquine and quinine modulate mitochondrial structure and function, resulting in ASM cell death. Furthermore, Bnip3 plays a central role in TAS2R agonist-induced ASM functional changes via a mitochondrial pathway. These findings further establish the cellular mechanisms of antimitogenic effects of TAS2R agonists and identify a novel class of receptors and pathways that can be targeted to mitigate airway remodeling as well as bronchoconstriction in obstructive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Pan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sushrut D Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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43
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Cavallini G, Donati A, Taddei M, Bergamini E. Peroxisomes proliferation and pharmacological stimulation of autophagy in rat liver: evidence to support that autophagy may remove the "older" peroxisomes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 431:97-102. [PMID: 28255846 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Like mitochondria, peroxisomes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), compounds which have been implicated to play an important role in many degenerative diseases and aging itself, and an exaggerated ROS production might occur in altered or older organelles. Growing evidence shows that autophagy, a required function in cell housekeeping during fasting, can remove damaged macromolecules, organelles, and membranes selectively. Proliferation of peroxisomes can be enhanced in liver cells by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which causes a marked increase of the Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) activity and no significant change in urate oxidase (UOX) activity. The administration of antilipolytic drugs to fasted animals was shown to intensify autophagy. Here we tested the hypothesis that autophagy may distinguish and remove older from younger peroxisomes in rat liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given PFOA (150 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle. Animals were sacrificed at different times following PFOA administration, and 3 h after the induction of autophagy with the antilipolytic agent 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole (DMP, 12 mg/kg body weight). The levels of ACOX and UOX activity were measured in the liver tissue. Results showed that autophagy caused a parallel, significant decrease in both enzymes activity in control rats, and that in PFOA-treated rats the effects were different and changed with PFOA time administration. Changes are compatible with the hypothesis that newly formed ACOX-rich peroxisomes are resistant to pexophagy and that sensitivity to pexophagy increases with increasing peroxisomal "age." In conclusion, there is indirect evidence supporting the hypothesis that autophagy may recognize and degrade older peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cavallini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Donati
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Taddei
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore Bergamini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Zhang X, Wang G, Yang C, Huang J, Chen X, Zhou J, Li G, Norvienyeku J, Wang Z. A HOPS Protein, MoVps41, Is Crucially Important for Vacuolar Morphogenesis, Vegetative Growth, Reproduction and Virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1091. [PMID: 28713398 PMCID: PMC5492488 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The homotypic fusion and protein sorting protein complex (HOPS) is the first known tether complex identified in the endocytic system that plays a key role in promoting homotypic vacuolar fusion, vacuolar biogenesis and trafficking in a wide range of organisms, including plant and fungi. However, the exact influence of the HOPS complex on growth, reproduction and pathogenicity of the economically destructive rice blast fungus has not been investigated. In this study, we identified M. oryzae vacuolar protein sorting 41 (MoVps41) an accessory subunit of HOPS complex and used targeted gene deletion approach to evaluate its contribution to growth, reproduction and infectious life cycle of the rice blast fungus. Corresponding results obtained from this study showed that MoVps41 is required for optimum vegetative development of M. oryzae and observed that MoVps41 deletion mutant displayed defective vegetative growth. Our investigation further showed that MoVps41 deletion triggered vacuolar fragmentation, compromised membrane integrity and pathogenesis of the ΔMovps41 mutant. Our studies also showed for the first time that MoVps41 plays an essential role in the regulation of sexual and asexual reproduction of M. oryzae. In summary, our study provides insight into how MoVps41 mediated vacuolar fusion and biogenesis influences reproduction, pathogenesis, and vacuolar integrity in M. oryzae and also underscores the need to holistically investigate the HOPS complex in rice blast pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma CityOK, United States
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku, Zonghua Wang,
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Ocean Science, Minjiang UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku, Zonghua Wang,
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45
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Bao Y, Mugume Y, Bassham DC. Biochemical Methods to Monitor Autophagic Responses in Plants. Methods Enzymol 2016; 588:497-513. [PMID: 28237117 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of autophagy in plants is rapidly increasing, due to its pivotal and fundamental roles in responding to stressful stimuli, recycling nutrients during senescence, and maintaining growth under normal conditions. Assays for detecting autophagy in plants have generally been based on microscopic observations, providing qualitative information on autophagy activity. Here, we discuss biochemical assays for detecting autophagy, which have the potential for providing more quantitative information, with a focus on immunoblotting with antibodies against ATG8, NBR1, or epitope tags fused to ATG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bao
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Y Mugume
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - D C Bassham
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
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Abstract
Lipids are essential components of a cell providing energy substrates for cellular processes, signaling intermediates, and building blocks for biological membranes. Lipids are constantly recycled and redistributed within a cell. Lysosomes play an important role in this recycling process that involves the recruitment of lipids to lysosomes via autophagy or endocytosis for their degradation by lysosomal hydrolases. The catabolites produced are redistributed to various cellular compartments to support basic cellular function. Several studies demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between lipids and lysosomes that regulate autophagy. While lysosomal degradation pathways regulate cellular lipid metabolism, lipids also regulate lysosome function and autophagy. In this review, we focus on this bidirectional relationship in the context of dietary lipids and provide an overview of recent evidence of how lipid-overload lipotoxicity, as observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome, impairs lysosomal function and autophagy that may eventually lead to cellular dysfunction or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Jaishy
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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47
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Chang NS. Bubbling cell death: A hot air balloon released from the nucleus in the cold. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1306-15. [PMID: 27075929 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216644531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death emanating from the nucleus is largely unknown. In our recent study, we determined that when temperature is lowered in the surrounding environment, apoptosis stops and bubbling cell death (BCD) occurs. The study concerns the severity of frostbite. When exposed to severe cold and strong ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, people may suffer serious damages to the skin and internal organs. This ultimately leads to limb amputations, organ failure, and death. BCD is defined as "formation of a single bubble from the nucleus per cell and release of this swelling bubble from the cell surface to extracellular space that causes cell death." When cells are subjected to UV irradiation and/or brief cold shock (4℃ for 5 min) and then incubated at room temperature or 4℃ for time-lapse microscopy, each cell releases an enlarging nuclear gas bubble containing nitric oxide. Certain cells may simultaneously eject hundreds or thousands of exosome-like particles. Unlike apoptosis, no phosphatidylserine flip-over, mitochondrial apoptosis, damage to Golgi complex, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation are shown in BCD. When the temperature is increased back at 37℃, bubble formation stops and apoptosis restarts. Mechanistically, proapoptotic WW domain-containing oxidoreductase and p53 block the protective TNF receptor adaptor factor 2 that allows nitric oxide synthase 2 to synthesize nitric oxide and bubble formation. In this mini-review, updated knowledge in cell death and the proposed molecular mechanism for BCD are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute of Basic Research for Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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48
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Sun Y, Liu D, Su P, Lin F, Tang Q. Changes in autophagy in rats after spinal cord injury and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on autophagy. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:139-145. [PMID: 26949182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the autophagic changes after induction of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. A total of 75 rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group, the spinal cord injury group, and the SCI+HBO group. We found that at 7 d and 14 d after surgery, the BBB scores were higher in the SCI+HBO group in comparison to the SCI group. The expression of Beclin-1 and LC3II was upregulated in the SCI and SCI+HBO groups after SCI. Fluorescently stained Beclin-1 and LC3II proteins were barely detectable in the sham group. In contrast, Beclin-l and LC3II expression was observed in neurons and glial cells from the SCI and SCI+HBO groups. Beclin-1 and LC3II expression appeared at 6h after SCI. At each time point, Beclin-1 and LC3II expression was significantly higher in the SCI+HBO group compared to the SCI group. These results suggest that autophagy is activated in rats after SCI and sustained over a period of time. HBO treatment enhances autophagy expression in rats after SCI and accelerates cell repair rate, which may represent one of the mechanisms of action of HBO in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Fanguo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Qifeng Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215009, China.
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49
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Szopinska A, Christ E, Planchon S, König H, Evers D, Renaut J. Stuck at work? Quantitative proteomics of environmental wine yeast strains reveals the natural mechanism of overcoming stuck fermentation. Proteomics 2016; 16:593-608. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szopinska
- Department ‘Environmental Research and Innovation’; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; Belvaux Grand-duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Eva Christ
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastien Planchon
- Department ‘Environmental Research and Innovation’; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; Belvaux Grand-duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Helmut König
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Daniele Evers
- Department ‘Environmental Research and Innovation’; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; Belvaux Grand-duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Department ‘Environmental Research and Innovation’; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; Belvaux Grand-duchy of Luxembourg
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XU YOUZHI, LI YONGHUAI, LU WENJIE, LU KUN, WANG CHUNTING, LI YAN, LIN HONGJUN, KAN LIXIN, YANG SHENGYONG, WANG SIYING, ZHAO YINGLAN. YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2081-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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