1
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Li C, Zhong X, Rahimi E, Ardekani AM. A multi-scale numerical study of monoclonal antibodies uptake by initial lymphatics after subcutaneous injection. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124419. [PMID: 38972522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This paper studies the transport of monoclonal antibodies through skin tissue and initial lymphatics, which impacts the pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies. Our model integrates a macroscale representation of the entire skin tissue with a mesoscale model that focuses on the papillary dermis layer. Our results indicate that it takes hours for the drugs to disperse from the injection site to the papillary dermis before entering the initial lymphatics. Additionally, we observe an inhomogeneous drug distribution in the interstitial space of the papillary dermis, with higher drug concentrations near initial lymphatics and lower concentrations near blood capillaries. To validate our model, we compare our numerical simulation results with experimental data, finding a good alignment. Our parametric studies on the drug molecule properties and injection parameters suggest that a higher diffusion coefficient increases the transport and uptake rate while binding slows down these processes. Furthermore, shallower injection depths lead to faster lymphatic uptake, whereas the size of the injection plume has a minor effect on the uptake rate. These findings advance our understanding of drug transport and lymphatic absorption after subcutaneous injection, offering valuable insights for optimizing drug delivery strategies and the design of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenji Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Xiaoxu Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Ehsan Rahimi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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2
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Bock F, Zivlaei N, Nguyen ATH, Larsen SW, Lu X, Østergaard J. Assessment of subcutaneously administered insulins using in vitro release cartridge: Medium composition and albumin binding. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124436. [PMID: 38977165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics is the fastest growing class of drugs administered by subcutaneous injection. In vitro release testing mimicking physiological conditions at the injection site may guide formulation development and improve biopredictive capabilities. Here, anin vitrorelease cartridge (IVR cartridge) comprising a porous agarose matrix emulating subcutaneous tissue was explored. The objective was to assess effects of medium composition and incorporation of human serum albumin into the matrix. Drug disappearance was assessed for solution, suspension and in situ precipitating insulin products (Actrapid, Levemir, Tresiba, Mixtard 30, Insulatard, Lantus) using the flow-based cartridge. UV-Vis imaging and light microscopy visualized dissolution, precipitation and albumin binding phenomena at the injection site. Divalent cations present in the release medium resulted in slower insulin disappearance for suspension-based and in situ precipitating insulins. Albumin-binding acylated insulin analogs exhibited rapid disappearance from the cartridge; however, sustained retention was achieved by coupling albumin to the matrix. An in vitro-in vivorelation was established for the non-albumin-binding insulins.The IVR cartridge is flexible with potential in formulation development as shown by the ability to accommodate solutions, suspensions, and in situ forming formulations while tailoring of the system to probe in vivo relevant medium effects and tissue constituent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Bock
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadia Zivlaei
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Weng Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Drug Product Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Lichtenberg J, Leonard CE, Sterling HR, Santos Agreda V, Hwang PY. Using Microfluidics to Align Matrix Architecture and Generate Chemokine Gradients Promotes Directional Branching in a Model of Epithelial Morphogenesis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4865-4877. [PMID: 39007451 PMCID: PMC11322918 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical cue of fiber alignment plays a key role in the development of various tissues in the body. The ability to study the effect of these stimuli in vitro has been limited previously. Here, we present a microfluidic device capable of intrinsically generating aligned fibers using the microchannel geometry. The device also features tunable interstitial fluid flow and the ability to form a morphogen gradient. These aspects allow for the modeling of complex tissues and to differentiate cell response to different stimuli. To demonstrate the abilities of our device, we incorporated luminal epithelial cysts into our device and induced growth factor stimulation. We found the mechanical cue of fiber alignment to play a dominant role in cell elongation and the ability to form protrusions was dependent on cadherin-3. Together, this work serves as a springboard for future potential with these devices to answer questions in developmental biology and complex diseases such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessanne
Y. Lichtenberg
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Corinne E. Leonard
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Hazel R. Sterling
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Valentina Santos Agreda
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Priscilla Y. Hwang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
- Massey
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth
University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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4
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Deguchi S, Kosugi K, Takeishi N, Watanabe Y, Morimoto S, Negoro R, Yokoi F, Futatsusako H, Nakajima-Koyama M, Iwasaki M, Yamamoto T, Kawaguchi Y, Torisawa YS, Takayama K. Construction of multilayered small intestine-like tissue by reproducing interstitial flow. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00220-0. [PMID: 38996472 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances have made modeling human small intestines in vitro possible, but it remains a challenge to recapitulate fully their structural and functional characteristics. We suspected interstitial flow within the intestine, powered by circulating blood plasma during embryonic organogenesis, to be a vital factor. We aimed to construct an in vivo-like multilayered small intestinal tissue by incorporating interstitial flow into the system and, in turn, developed the micro-small intestine system by differentiating definitive endoderm and mesoderm cells from human pluripotent stem cells simultaneously on a microfluidic device capable of replicating interstitial flow. This approach enhanced cell maturation and led to the development of a three-dimensional small intestine-like tissue with villi-like epithelium and an aligned mesenchymal layer. Our micro-small intestine system not only overcomes the limitations of conventional intestine models but also offers a unique opportunity to gain insights into the detailed mechanisms underlying intestinal tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kaori Kosugi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeishi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yukio Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiho Morimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Fuki Yokoi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Futatsusako
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mio Iwasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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5
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Zatorski JM, Lee IL, Ortiz-Cárdenas JE, Ellena JF, Pompano RR. Measurement of covalent bond formation in light-curing hydrogels predicts physical stability under flow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.30.601353. [PMID: 39005331 PMCID: PMC11244878 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.30.601353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Photocrosslinking hydrogels are promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but challenges in reaction monitoring often leave their optimization subject to trial and error. The stability of crosslinked gels under fluid flow, as in the case of a microfluidic device, is particularly challenging to predict, both because of obstacles inherent to solid-state macromolecular analysis that prevent accurate chemical monitoring, and because stability is dependent on size of the patterned features. To solve both problems, we obtained 1H NMR spectra of cured hydrogels which were enzymatically degraded. This allowed us to take advantage of the high-resolution that solution NMR provides. This unique approach enabled the measurement of degree of crosslinking (DoC) and prediction of material stability under physiological fluid flow. We showed that NMR spectra of enzyme-digested gels successfully reported on DoC as a function of light exposure and wavelength within two classes of photocrosslinkable hydrogels: methacryloyl-modified gelatin and a composite of thiol-modified gelatin and norbornene-terminated polyethylene glycol. This approach revealed that a threshold DoC was required for patterned features in each material to become stable, and that smaller features required a higher DoC for stability. Finally, we demonstrated that DoC was predictive of the stability of architecturally complex features when photopatterning, underscoring the value of monitoring DoC when using light-reactive gels. We anticipate that the ability to quantify chemical crosslinks will accelerate the design of advanced hydrogel materials for structurally demanding applications such as photopatterning and bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Zatorski
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, 409 McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Isabella L Lee
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, 409 McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Jennifer E Ortiz-Cárdenas
- Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering, 443 Via Ortega, Rm 119, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey F Ellena
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, 409 McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, 409 McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Thornton Hall, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Dr., MR-6, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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6
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Guan J, Zhang D. Construction of multileveled and oriented micro/nano channels in Mg doped hydroxyapitite bioceramics and their effect on mimicking mechanical property of cortical bone and biological performance of cancellous bone. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213871. [PMID: 38692181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Drawing on the structure and components of natural bone, this study developed Mg-doped hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) bioceramics, characterized by multileveled and oriented micro/nano channels. These channels play a critical role in ensuring both mechanical and biological properties, making bioceramics suitable for various bone defects, particularly those bearing loads. Bioceramics feature uniformly distributed nanogrooves along the microchannels. The compressive strength or fracture toughness of the Mg-HA bioceramics with micro/nano channels formed by single carbon nanotube/carbon fiber (CNT/CF) (Mg-HA(05-CNT/CF)) are comparable to those of cortical bone, attributed to a combination of strengthened compact walls and microchannels, along with a toughening mechanism involving crack pinning and deflection at nanogroove intersections. The introduction of uniform nanogrooves also enhanced the porosity by 35.4 %, while maintaining high permeability owing to the capillary action in the oriented channels. This leads to superior degradation properties, protein adsorption, and in vivo osteogenesis compared with bioceramics with only microchannels. Mg-HA(05-CNT/CF) exhibited not only high strength and toughness comparable to cortical bone, but also permeability similar to cancellous bone, enhanced cell activity, and excellent osteogenic properties. This study presents a novel approach to address the global challenge of applying HA-based bioceramics to load-bearing bone defects, potentially revolutionizing their application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Jinxin Guan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China.
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7
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Possenti L, Vitullo P, Cicchetti A, Zunino P, Rancati T. Modeling hypoxia-induced radiation resistance and the impact of radiation sources. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108334. [PMID: 38520919 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes significantly to resistance in radiotherapy. Our research rigorously examines the influence of microvascular morphology on radiotherapy outcome, specifically focusing on how microvasculature shapes hypoxia within the microenvironment and affects resistance to a standard treatment regimen (30×2GyRBE). Our computational modeling extends to the effects of different radiation sources. For photons and protons, our analysis establishes a clear correlation between hypoxic volume distribution and treatment effectiveness, with vascular density and regularity playing a crucial role in treatment success. On the contrary, carbon ions exhibit distinct effectiveness, even in areas of intense hypoxia and poor vascularization. This finding points to the potential of carbon-based hadron therapy in overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance to RT. Considering that the spatial scale analyzed in this study is closely aligned with that of imaging data voxels, we also address the implications of these findings in a clinical context envisioning the possibility of detecting subvoxel hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Piermario Vitullo
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicchetti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Zunino
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
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8
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Ben-Ami Y, Pitt-Francis JM, Maini PK, Byrne HM. Using a probabilistic approach to derive a two-phase model of flow-induced cell migration. Biophys J 2024; 123:799-813. [PMID: 38414238 PMCID: PMC10995429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fluid flow is a feature of many solid tumors. In vitro experiments have shown that such fluid flow can direct tumor cell movement upstream or downstream depending on the balance between the competing mechanisms of tensotaxis (cell migration up stress gradients) and autologous chemotaxis (downstream cell movement in response to flow-induced gradients of self-secreted chemoattractants). In this work we develop a probabilistic-continuum, two-phase model for cell migration in response to interstitial flow. We use a kinetic description for the cell velocity probability density function, and model the flow-dependent mechanical and chemical stimuli as forcing terms that bias cell migration upstream and downstream. Using velocity-space averaging, we reformulate the model as a system of continuum equations for the spatiotemporal evolution of the cell volume fraction and flux in response to forcing terms that depend on the local direction and magnitude of the mechanochemical cues. We specialize our model to describe a one-dimensional cell layer subject to fluid flow. Using a combination of numerical simulations and asymptotic analysis, we delineate the parameter regime where transitions from downstream to upstream cell migration occur. As has been observed experimentally, the model predicts downstream-oriented chemotactic migration at low cell volume fractions, and upstream-oriented tensotactic migration at larger volume fractions. We show that the locus of the critical volume fraction, at which the system transitions from downstream to upstream migration, is dominated by the ratio of the rate of chemokine secretion and advection. Our model also predicts that, because the tensotactic stimulus depends strongly on the cell volume fraction, upstream, tensotaxis-dominated migration occurs only transiently when the cells are initially seeded, and transitions to downstream, chemotaxis-dominated migration occur at later times due to the dispersive effect of cell diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ben-Ami
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Cardiovascular human organ-on-a-chip platform for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:512-523. [PMID: 37668192 PMCID: PMC11089005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices are composed of engineered or native functional tissues that are cultured under controlled microenvironments inside microchips. These systems employ microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques to recapitulate human physiology. This review focuses on human OoC systems to model cardiovascular diseases, to perform drug screening, and to advance personalized medicine. We also address the challenges in the generation of organ chips that can revolutionize the large-scale application of these systems for drug development and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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10
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Sachs D, Jakob R, Restivo G, Hafner J, Lindenblatt N, Ehret AE, Mazza E. A quadriphasic mechanical model of the human dermis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01827-5. [PMID: 38489079 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the multiphasic nature of the mechanical behavior of human dermis. Motivated by experimental observations and by consideration of its composition, a quadriphasic model of the dermis is proposed, distinguishing solid matrix components, interstitial fluid and charged constituents moving within the fluid, i.e., anions and cations. Compression and tensile experiments with and without change of osmolarity of the bath are performed to characterize the chemo-mechanical coupling in the dermis. Model parameters are determined through inverse analysis. The computations predict a dominant role of the permeability in the determination of the temporal evolution of the mechanical response of the tissue. In line with the previous studies on other tissues, the analysis shows that an ideal model based on Donnan's equilibrium overestimates the osmotic pressure in skin for the case of very dilute solutions. The quadriphasic model is applied to predict changes in dermal cell environment and therefore alterations in what is called the "mechanome," associated with skin stretch. The simulations indicate that skin deformation causes a variation in several local variables, including in particular the electric field associated with a deformation-induced non-homogeneous distribution of fixed charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sachs
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Raphael Jakob
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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11
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Nishiyama M, Sakaguchi Y, Morito S, Nagase K, Sakumoto T, Yamashita K, Hashiguchi M, Fukuda M, Toda S, Aoki S. A new lymphedema treatment using pyro-drive jet injection. Hum Cell 2024; 37:465-477. [PMID: 38218753 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lymphedema, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, causes inflammation, fibrosis and tissue damage leading to symptoms such as limb swelling and restricted mobility. Despite various treatments under exploration, no standard effective therapy exists. Here a novel technique using the pyro-drive jet injection (PJI) was used to create artificial clefts between collagen fibers, which facilitated the removal of excess interstitial fluid. The PJI was used to deliver a mixture of lactated Ringer's solution and air into the tail of animals with secondary skin edema. Edema levels were assessed using micro-CT scanning. Histopathological changes and neovascularization were evaluated on the injury-induced regenerative tissue. Regarding tissue remodeling, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. PJI markedly diminished soft tissue volume in the experimental lymphedema animals compared to the non-injected counterparts. The PJI groups exhibited a significantly reduced proportion of inflammatory granulation tissue and an enhanced density of lymphatic vessels and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive small vessels in the fibrous granulation tissue compared to the controls. In addition, PJI curtailed the prevalence of CTGF- and VEGF-C-positive cells in regenerative tissue. In a lymphedema animal model, PJI notably ameliorated interstitial edema, promoted lymphatic vessel growth, and bolstered αSMA-positive capillaries in fibrous granulation tissue. PJI's minimal tissue impact post-lymph node dissection indicates significant potential as an early, standard preventative measure. Easily applied in general clinics without requiring specialized training, it offers a cost-effective and highly versatile solution to the management of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishiyama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakaguchi
- Medical Device Division Life Sciences SBU, Daicel Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayuri Morito
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Nagase
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takehisa Sakumoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamashita
- Medical Device Division Life Sciences SBU, Daicel Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Hashiguchi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Toda
- Department of Pathology, Takagi Hospital, 141-11 Sakemi, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-0016, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Aoki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
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12
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Datta M, Kennedy M, Siri S, Via LE, Baish JW, Xu L, Dartois V, Barry CE, Jain RK. Mathematical model of oxygen, nutrient, and drug transport in tuberculosis granulomas. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011847. [PMID: 38335224 PMCID: PMC10883541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological abnormalities in pulmonary granulomas-pathological hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB)-compromise the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and drugs. In prior studies, we demonstrated mathematically and experimentally that hypoxia and necrosis emerge in the granuloma microenvironment (GME) as a direct result of limited oxygen availability. Building on our initial model of avascular oxygen diffusion, here we explore additional aspects of oxygen transport, including the roles of granuloma vasculature, transcapillary transport, plasma dilution, and interstitial convection, followed by cellular metabolism. Approximate analytical solutions are provided for oxygen and glucose concentration, interstitial fluid velocity, interstitial fluid pressure, and the thickness of the convective zone. These predictions are in agreement with prior experimental results from rabbit TB granulomas and from rat carcinoma models, which share similar transport limitations. Additional drug delivery predictions for anti-TB-agents (rifampicin and clofazimine) strikingly match recent spatially-resolved experimental results from a mouse model of TB. Finally, an approach to improve molecular transport in granulomas by modulating interstitial hydraulic conductivity is tested in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Datta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - McCarthy Kennedy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Saeed Siri
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James W Baish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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13
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Serrano JC, Gillrie MR, Li R, Ishamuddin SH, Moeendarbary E, Kamm RD. Microfluidic-Based Reconstitution of Functional Lymphatic Microvasculature: Elucidating the Role of Lymphatics in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302903. [PMID: 38059806 PMCID: PMC10837354 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the blood microvasculature and its functional role in health and disease has grown significantly attributable to decades of research and numerous advances in cell biology and tissue engineering; however, the lymphatics (the secondary vascular system) has not garnered similar attention, in part due to a lack of relevant in vitro models that mimic its pathophysiological functions. Here, a microfluidic-based approach is adopted to achieve precise control over the biological transport of growth factors and interstitial flow that drive the in vivo growth of lymphatic capillaries (lymphangiogenesis). The engineered on-chip lymphatics with in vivo-like morphology exhibit tissue-scale functionality with drainage rates of interstitial proteins and molecules comparable to in vivo standards. Computational and scaling analyses of the underlying transport phenomena elucidate the critical role of the three-dimensional geometry and lymphatic endothelium in recapitulating physiological drainage. Finally, the engineered on-chip lymphatics enabled studies of lymphatic-immune interactions that revealed inflammation-driven responses by the lymphatics to recruit immune cells via chemotactic signals similar to in vivo, pathological events. This on-chip lymphatics platform permits the interrogation of various lymphatic biological functions, as well as screening of lymphatic-based therapies such as interstitial absorption of protein therapeutics and lymphatic immunomodulation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C. Serrano
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Mark R. Gillrie
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Research InstituteBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sarah H. Ishamuddin
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- 199 Biotechnologies LtdGloucester RoadLondonW2 6LDUK
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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14
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Rahman Z, Bordoloi AD, Rouhana H, Tavasso M, van der Zon G, Garbin V, Ten Dijke P, Boukany PE. Interstitial flow potentiates TGF-β/Smad-signaling activity in lung cancer spheroids in a 3D-microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:422-433. [PMID: 38087979 PMCID: PMC10826459 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer cells use mechanotransduction pathways to convert biophysical forces to biochemical signals. However, the underlying mechanisms and functional significance of these pathways remain largely unclear. The upregulation of mechanosensitive pathways from biophysical forces such as interstitial flow (IF), leads to the activation of various cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TGF-β promotes in part via a Smad-dependent signaling pathway the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. The latter process is linked to increased cancer cell motility and invasion. Current research models have limited ability to investigate the combined effects of biophysical forces (such as IF) and cytokines (TGF-β) in a 3D microenvironment. We used a 3D-matrix based microfluidic platform to demonstrate the potentiating effect of IF on exogenous TGF-β induced upregulation of the Smad-signaling activity and the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin in A549 lung cancer spheroids. To monitor this, we used stably integrated fluorescent based reporters into the A549 cancer cell genome. Our results demonstrate that IF enhances exogenous TGF-β induced Smad-signaling activity in lung cancer spheroids embedded in a matrix microenvironment. In addition, we observed an increased cell motility for A549 spheroids when exposed to IF and TGF-β. Our 3D-microfluidic model integrated with real-time imaging provides a powerful tool for investigating cancer cell signaling and motility associated with invasion characteristics in a physiologically relevant TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ankur Deep Bordoloi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Haifa Rouhana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Margherita Tavasso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard van der Zon
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Garbin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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15
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Zhong X, Liu Y, Ardekani AM. A compartment model for subcutaneous injection of monoclonal antibodies. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123687. [PMID: 38103705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of subcutaneous (SC) administration for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), there remains a limited understanding of the significance of mAb transport rate constants within the interstitial space and the lymphatic system on their pharmacokinetics. To bridge this knowledge gap, we introduce a compartmental model for subcutaneously administered mAbs. Our model differentiates FcRn-expressing cells across various sites, and the model predictions agree with experimental data from both human and rat studies. Our findings indicate that the time to reach the maximum mAb concentration in the plasma, denoted by Tmax, displays a weak positive correlation with mAb half-life and a negligible correlation with bioavailability. In contrast, the half-life of mAbs exhibits a strong positive correlation with bioavailability. Moreover, the rate of mAb transport from lymph to plasma significantly affects the mAb half-life. Increasing the transport rates of mAbs from the injection site to the lymph or from lymph to plasma enhances bioavailability. These insights, combined with our compartmental model, contribute to a deeper understanding of the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Yikai Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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16
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Cortes-Medina M, Bushman AR, Beshay PE, Adorno JJ, Menyhert MM, Hildebrand RM, Agarwal SS, Avendano A, Friedman AK, Song JW. Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid differentially modify the biophysical properties of collagen-based hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:116-126. [PMID: 38101556 PMCID: PMC10842894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are structural biomolecules that are natively abundant to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Prior studies have quantified the effects of GAGs on the bulk mechanical properties of the ECM. However, there remains a lack of experimental studies on how GAGs alter other biophysical properties of the ECM, including ones that operate at the length scales of individual cells such as mass transport efficiency and matrix microstructure. This study focuses on the GAG molecules chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and hyaluronic acid (HA). CS and DS are stereoisomers while HA is the only non-sulfated GAG. We characterized and decoupled the effects of these GAG molecules on the stiffness, transport, and matrix microarchitecture properties of type I collagen hydrogels using mechanical indentation testing, microfluidics, and confocal reflectance imaging, respectively. We complement these biophysical measurements with turbidity assays to profile collagen aggregate formation. Surprisingly, only HA enhanced the ECM indentation modulus, while all three GAGs had no effect on hydraulic permeability. Strikingly, we show that CS, DS, and HA differentially regulate the matrix microarchitecture of hydrogels due to their alterations to the kinetics of collagen self-assembly. In addition to providing information on how GAGs define key physical properties of the ECM, this work shows new ways in which stiffness measurements, microfluidics, microscopy, and turbidity kinetics can be used complementarily to reveal details of collagen self-assembly and structure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are integral to the structure, function, and bioactivity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite widespread interest in collagen-GAG composite hydrogels, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of how different GAGs alter the biophysical properties of the ECM across tissue, cellular, and subcellular length scales. Here we show using mechanical, microfluidic, microscopy, and analytical methods and measurements that the GAG molecules chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid differentially regulate the mechanical, transport, and microstructural properties of hydrogels due to their alterations to the kinetics of collagen self-assembly. As such, these results will inform improved design and utilization of collagen-based scaffolds of tailored composition, mechanical properties, molecular availability due to mass transport, and microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Cortes-Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew R Bushman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter E Beshay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan J Adorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Miles M Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Riley M Hildebrand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Shashwat S Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Alicia K Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
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17
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Mathur S, Chen S, Rejniak KA. Exploring chronic and transient tumor hypoxia for predicting the efficacy of hypoxia-activated pro-drugs. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38182612 PMCID: PMC10770176 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a low level of oxygen in the tissue, arises due to an imbalance between the vascular oxygen supply and oxygen demand by the surrounding cells. Typically, hypoxia is viewed as a negative marker of patients' survival, because of its implication in the development of aggressive tumors and tumor resistance. Several drugs that specifically target the hypoxic cells have been developed, providing an opportunity for exploiting hypoxia to improve cancer treatment. Here, we consider combinations of hypoxia-activated pro-drugs (HAPs) and two compounds that transiently increase intratumoral hypoxia: a vasodilator and a metabolic sensitizer. To effectively design treatment protocols with multiple compounds we used mathematical micro-pharmacology modeling and determined treatment schedules that take advantage of heterogeneous and dynamically changing oxygenation in tumor tissue. Our model was based on data from murine pancreatic cancers treated with evofosfamide (as a HAP) and either hydralazine (as a vasodilator), or pyruvate (as a metabolic sensitizer). Subsequently, this model was used to identify optimal schedules for different treatment combinations. Our simulations showed that schedules of HAPs with the vasodilator had a bimodal distribution, while HAPs with the sensitizer showed an elongated plateau. All schedules were more successful than HAP monotherapy. The three-compound combination had three local optima, depending on the HAPs clearance from the tissue interstitium, each two-fold more effective than baseline HAP treatment. Our study indicates that the three-compound therapy administered in the defined order will improve cancer response and that designing complex schedules could benefit from the use of mathematical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mathur
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, IMO High School Internship Program, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of Florida, Undergraduate Studies, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon Chen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, IMO High School Internship Program, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of Florida, Undergraduate Studies, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Rejniak
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Tampa, FL, USA.
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Oncologic Sciences, Tampa, FL, USA.
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18
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Yang F, Chen P, Jiang H, Xie T, Shao Y, Kim DH, Li B, Sun Y. Directional Cell Migration Guided by a Strain Gradient. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302404. [PMID: 37735983 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Strain gradients widely exist in development and physiological activities. The directional movement of cells is essential for proper cell localization, and directional cell migration in responses to gradients of chemicals, rigidity, density, and topography of extracellular matrices have been well-established. However; it is unclear whether strain gradients imposed on cells are sufficient to drive directional cell migration. In this work, a programmable uniaxial cell stretch device is developed that creates controllable strain gradients without changing substrate stiffness or ligand distributions. It is demonstrated that over 60% of the single rat embryonic fibroblasts migrate toward the lower strain side in static and the 0.1 Hz cyclic stretch conditions at ≈4% per mm strain gradients. It is confirmed that such responses are distinct from durotaxis or haptotaxis. Focal adhesion analysis confirms higher rates of contact area and protrusion formation on the lower strain side of the cell. A 2D extended motor-clutch model is developed to demonstrate that the strain-introduced traction force determines integrin fibronectin pairs' catch-release dynamics, which drives such directional migration. Together, these results establish strain gradient as a novel cue to regulate directional cell migration and may provide new insights in development and tissue repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Tianfa Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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19
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Diesch ST, Schiltz D, Kammermeier J, Prantl L, Taeger CD. Comparing the effectiveness of novel high-end compression garment with common compression garment and kinesio tape in preventing edema and improving tissue perfusion in lower extremities. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024; 86:253-261. [PMID: 37718791 DOI: 10.3233/ch-238111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Global sales of compression garments have risen sharply in recent years. Due to the availability of a wide range of compression garments, this study aims to evaluate the effect of two types of compression garments and kinesio tape on edema formation and tissue perfusion in the lower extremities. Over-the-counter compression knee stockings and kinesio tape were compared with a prototype of high-end compression stockings that combine kinesio tape and a common knee bandage. The high-end compression stockings were designed by Cube with the aim of combining the positive effects of kinesio tape and compression garments on edema formation and tissue perfusion. DESIGN Clinical cross-over study. METHODS Before and after a 6-hour compression period, the knee regions on both, the treated and non-treated leg, of participants were examined using a 3-D scan to detect changes in volume. Also measured were local temperature (°C), oxygen saturation (SpO2), perfusion index (Pi), blood pressure (mmHg), compression pressure (mmHg), range of motion, body-mass-index (BMI) and limb-circumference (cm). Two different types of compression garments were examined: a novel high-end compression stocking (A) and a common compression stocking (B). In addition, kinesio tape was compared to compression garments (C). After each experimental day, a one-day break was taken to prevent an unwanted overlay effect. Male and female participants between the ages of 18 and 60 were randomly selected. RESULTS The high-end compression garment (A) showed a statistically significant (P = 0.009) reduction of edema intraindividually. Comparing the three treatment groups, compression (A) lead to a reduction of edema. However, the reduction was not statistically significant (P = 0.585). The compression garment B and kinesio tape showed an increase in edema in the lower limb. There was a positive correlation between the highest compression pressure (A: 9.8 mmHg) and volume decrease over the period of 6 hours. Lighter compression (B: 8.2 mmHg) led to an increase in leg volume after compression application over 6 hours. There was no significant difference in tissue oxygen saturation with the two types of compression and kinesio tape. The tissue temperature below the compression garment was highest in the compression group A. Nevertheless, we could not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between tissue temperature and volume difference.The range in motion of the lower limb decreased after 6 hours with both compression A and B and with kinesio tape. CONCLUSION The novel bandage showed a statistically significant reduction in edema when compared intraindividually, but no statistically significant advantage was found when compared with the other compression garment B and kinesio tape.Despite the widespread use of kinesio tape, we did not find any improvement in the range of motion, edema prevention and circulation in the lower limb after application of kinesio tape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia T Diesch
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schiltz
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Kammermeier
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian D Taeger
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Khadria A, Paavola CD, Maslov K, Brown-Augsburger PL, Grealish PF, Lozano E, Blankenship RL, Cao R, Shi J, Beals JM, Oladipupo SS, Wang LV. Photoacoustic imaging of the dynamics of a dye-labeled IgG4 monoclonal antibody in subcutaneous tissue reveals a transient decrease in murine blood oxygenation under anesthesia. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:116002. [PMID: 38078154 PMCID: PMC10704085 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.11.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Over 100 monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use; however, a paucity of knowledge exists regarding the injection site behavior of these formulated therapeutics, particularly the effect of antibody, formulation, and tissue at the injection site. A deeper understanding of antibody behavior at the injection site, especially on blood oxygenation through imaging, will help design improved versions of the therapeutics for a wide range of diseases. Aim The aim of this research is to understand the dynamics of monoclonal antibodies at the injection site as well as how the antibody itself affects the functional characteristics of the injection site [e.g., blood oxygen saturation (sO 2 )]. Approach We employed triple-wavelength equipped functional photoacoustic imaging to study the dynamics of dye-labeled and unlabeled monoclonal antibodies at the site of injection in a mouse ear. We injected a near-infrared dye-labeled (and unlabeled) human IgG4 isotype control antibody into the subcutaneous space in mouse ears to analyze the injection site dynamics and quantify molecular movement, as well as its effect on local hemodynamics. Results We performed pharmacokinetic studies of the antibody in different regions of the mouse body to show that dye labeling does not alter the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the antibody and that mouse ear is a viable model for these initial studies. We explored the movement of the antibody in the interstitial space to show that the bolus area grows by ∼ 300 % over 24 h. We discovered that injection of the antibody transiently reduces the local sO 2 levels in mice after prolonged anesthesia without affecting the total hemoglobin content and oxygen extraction fraction. Conclusions This finding on local oxygen saturation opens a new avenue of study on the functional effects of monoclonal antibody injections. We also show the suitability of the mouse ear model to study antibody dynamics through high-resolution imaging techniques. We quantified the movement of antibodies at the injection site caused by the interstitial fluid, which could be helpful for designing antibodies with tailored absorption speeds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjul Khadria
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Chad D. Paavola
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Patricia L. Brown-Augsburger
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Patrick F. Grealish
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Emmanuel Lozano
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ross L. Blankenship
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Rui Cao
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - John M. Beals
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Sunday S. Oladipupo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
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21
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Vitullo P, Cicci L, Possenti L, Coclite A, Costantino ML, Zunino P. Sensitivity analysis of a multi-physics model for the vascular microenvironment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3752. [PMID: 37455669 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The vascular microenvironment is the scale at which microvascular transport, interstitial tissue properties and cell metabolism interact. The vascular microenvironment has been widely studied by means of quantitative approaches, including multi-physics mathematical models as it is a central system for the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as cancer. The microvascular architecture is a key factor for fluid balance and mass transfer in the vascular microenvironment, together with the physical parameters characterizing the vascular wall and the interstitial tissue. The scientific literature of this field has witnessed a long debate about which factor of this multifaceted system is the most relevant. The purpose of this work is to combine the interpretative power of an advanced multi-physics model of the vascular microenvironment with state of the art and robust sensitivity analysis methods, in order to determine the factors that most significantly impact quantities of interest, related in particular to cancer treatment. We are particularly interested in comparing the factors related to the microvascular architecture with the ones affecting the physics of microvascular transport. Ultimately, this work will provide further insight into how the vascular microenvironment affects cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovica Cicci
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Luca Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Coclite
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Costantino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Zunino
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Murphy AR, Allenby MC. In vitro microvascular engineering approaches and strategies for interstitial tissue integration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:114-130. [PMID: 37717711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing gap between clinical demand for tissue or organ transplants and the availability of donated tissue highlights the emerging opportunities for lab-grown or synthetically engineered tissue. While the field of tissue engineering has existed for nearly half a century, its clinical translation remains unrealised, in part, due to a limited ability to engineer sufficient vascular supply into fabricated tissue, which is necessary to enable nutrient and waste exchange, prevent cellular necrosis, and support tissue proliferation. Techniques to develop anatomically relevant, functional vascular networks in vitro have made significant progress in the last decade, however, the challenge now remains as to how best incorporate these throughout dense parenchymal tissue-like structures to address diffusion-limited development and allow for the fabrication of large-scale vascularised tissue. This review explores advances made in the laboratory engineering of vasculature structures and summarises recent attempts to integrate vascular networks together with sophisticated in vitro avascular tissue and organ-like structures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to grow full scale, functional tissue and organs in vitro is primarily limited by an inability to adequately diffuse oxygen and nutrients throughout developing cellularised structures, which generally results from the absence of perfusable vessel networks. Techniques to engineering both perfusable vascular networks and avascular miniaturised organ-like structures have recently increased in complexity, sophistication, and physiological relevance. However, integrating these two essential elements into a single functioning vascularised tissue structure represents a significant spatial and temporal engineering challenge which is yet to be surmounted. Here, we explore a range of vessel morphogenic phenomena essential for tissue-vascular co-development, as well as evaluate a range of recent noteworthy approaches for generating vascularised tissue products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Murphy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia
| | - M C Allenby
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Medical, Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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23
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Ildiz ES, Gvozdenovic A, Kovacs WJ, Aceto N. Travelling under pressure - hypoxia and shear stress in the metastatic journey. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:375-394. [PMID: 37490147 PMCID: PMC10495280 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion, intravasation and survival in the bloodstream are early steps of the metastatic process, pivotal to enabling the spread of cancer to distant tissues. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a highly selected subpopulation of cancer cells that tamed these critical steps, and a better understanding of their biology and driving molecular principles may facilitate the development of novel tools to prevent metastasis. Here, we describe key research advances in this field, aiming at describing early metastasis-related processes such as collective invasion, shedding, and survival of CTCs in the bloodstream, paying particular attention to microenvironmental factors like hypoxia and mechanical stress, considered as important influencers of the metastatic journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Su Ildiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gvozdenovic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner J Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Wang H, Lu J, Rathod M, Aw WY, Huang SA, Polacheck WJ. A facile fluid pressure system reveals differential cellular response to interstitial pressure gradients and flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:054103. [PMID: 37781136 PMCID: PMC10539030 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid pressure gradients and interstitial flow have been shown to drive morphogenic processes that shape tissues and influence progression of diseases including cancer. The advent of porous media microfluidic approaches has enabled investigation of the cellular response to interstitial flow, but questions remain as to the critical biophysical and biochemical signals imparted by interstitial fluid pressure gradients and resulting flow on resident cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we introduce a low-cost method to maintain physiological interstitial fluid pressures that is built from commonly accessible laboratory equipment, including a laser pointer, camera, Arduino board, and a commercially available linear actuator. We demonstrate that when the system is connected to a microfluidic device containing a 3D porous hydrogel, physiologic pressure is maintained with sub-Pascal resolution and when basic feedback control is directed using an Arduino, constant pressure and pressure gradient can be maintained even as cells remodel and degrade the ECM hydrogel over time. Using this model, we characterized breast cancer cell growth and ECM changes to ECM fibril structure and porosity in response to constant interstitial fluid pressure or constant interstitial flow. We observe increased collagen fibril bundling and the formation of porous structures in the vicinity of cancer cells in response to constant interstitial fluid pressure as compared to constant interstitial flow. Collectively, these results further define interstitial fluid pressure as a driver of key pathogenic responses in cells, and the systems and methods developed here will allow for future mechanistic work investigating mechanotransduction of interstitial fluid pressures and flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Jingming Lu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Mitesh Rathod
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Wen Yih Aw
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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25
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Angeli V, Lim HY. Biomechanical control of lymphatic vessel physiology and functions. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1051-1062. [PMID: 37264249 PMCID: PMC10469203 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing research on lymphatic biology has clearly identified lymphatic vessels as key players that maintain human health through their functional roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immunosurveillance, lipid metabolism and inflammation. It is therefore not surprising that the list of human diseases associated with lymphatic malfunctions has grown larger, including issues beyond lymphedema, a pathology traditionally associated with lymphatic drainage insufficiency. Thus, the discovery of factors and pathways that can promote optimal lymphatic functions may offer new therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates that aside from biochemical factors, biomechanical signals also regulate lymphatic vessel expansion and functions postnatally. Here, we review how mechanical forces induced by fluid shear stress affect the behavior and functions of lymphatic vessels and the mechanisms lymphatic vessels employ to sense and transduce these mechanical cues into biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hwee Ying Lim
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Juste-Lanas Y, Hervas-Raluy S, García-Aznar JM, González-Loyola A. Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031501. [PMID: 37547671 PMCID: PMC10404142 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Research Institute of Aragón (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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Grotberg JB, Romanò F. Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036101. [PMID: 37426383 PMCID: PMC10325818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a microvascular model of fluid transport in the alveolar septa related to pulmonary edema. It consists of a two-dimensional capillary sheet coursing by several alveoli. The alveolar epithelial membrane runs parallel to the capillary endothelial membrane with an interstitial layer in between, making one long septal tract. A coupled system of equations uses lubrication theory for the capillary blood, Darcy flow for the porous media of the interstitium, a passive alveolus, and the Starling equation at both membranes. Case examples include normal physiology, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoalbuminemia, and effects of PEEP. COVID-19 has dramatically increased ARDS in the world population, raising the urgency for such a model to create an analytical framework. Under normal conditions fluid exits the alveolus, crosses the interstitium, and enters the capillary. For edema, this crossflow is reversed with fluid leaving the capillary and entering the alveolus. Because both the interstitial and capillary pressures decrease downstream, the reversal can occur within a single septal tract, with edema upstream and clearance downstream. Clinically useful solution forms are provided allowing calculation of interstitial fluid pressure, crossflows, and critical capillary pressures. Overall, the interstitial pressures are found to be significantly more positive than values used in the traditional physiological literature. That creates steep gradients near the upstream and downstream end outlets, driving significant flows toward the distant lymphatics. This new physiological flow provides an explanation to the puzzle, noted since 1896, of how pulmonary lymphatics can function so far from the alveoli: the interstitium is self-clearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Grotberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Francesco Romanò
- Université Lille, CNRS, ONERA, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Centrale Lille, UMR 9014 LMFL-Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille-Kampé de Fériet, F-59000 Lille, France
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28
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Pepin XJH, Grant I, Wood JM. SubQ-Sim: A Subcutaneous Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Model. Part 1: The Injection and System Parameters. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2195-2214. [PMID: 37634241 PMCID: PMC10547635 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct a detailed mechanistic and physiologically based biopharmaceutics model capable of predicting 1) device-formulation-tissue interaction during the injection process and 2) binding, degradation, local distribution, diffusion, and drug absorption, following subcutaneous injection. This paper is part of a series and focusses on the first aspect. METHODS A mathematical model, SubQ-Sim, was developed incorporating the details of the various substructures within the subcutaneous environment together with the calculation of dynamic drug disposition towards the lymph ducts and venous capillaries. Literature was searched to derive key model parameters in healthy and diseased subjects. External factors such as body temperature, exercise, body position, food or stress provide a means to calculate the impact of "life events" on the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered drugs. RESULTS The model predicts the tissue backpressure time profile during the injection as a function of injection rate, volume injected, solution viscosity, and interstitial fluid viscosity. The shape of the depot and the concentrations of the formulation and proteins in the depot are described. The model enables prediction of formulation backflow following premature needle removal and the resulting formulation losses. Finally, the effect of disease (type 2 diabetes) or the presence of recombinant human hyaluronidase in the formulation on the injection pressure, are explored. CONCLUSIONS This novel model can successfully predict tissue back pressure, depot dimensions, drug and protein concentration and formulation losses due to incorrect injection, which are all important starting conditions for predicting drug absorption from a subcutaneous dose. The next article will describe the absorption model and validation against clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iain Grant
- Innovation Strategy & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - J Matthew Wood
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
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29
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Yang H, Chen T, Hu Y, Niu F, Zheng X, Sun H, Cheng L, Sun L. A microfluidic platform integrating dynamic cell culture and dielectrophoretic manipulation for in situ assessment of endothelial cell mechanics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3581-3592. [PMID: 37417786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) within the complex vascular microenvironment is typically modulated by biochemical cues, cell-cell interactions, and fluid shear stress. These regulatory factors play a crucial role in determining cell mechanical properties, such as elastic and shear moduli, which are important parameters for assessing cell status. However, most studies on the measurement of cell mechanical properties have been conducted in vitro, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Notably, many physiological factors are lacking in Petri dish culture compared with in vivo conditions, leading to inaccurate results and poor clinical relevance. Herein, we developed a multi-layer microfluidic chip that integrates dynamic cell culture, manipulation and dielectrophoretic in situ measurement of mechanical properties. Furthermore, we numerically and experimentally simulated the vascular microenvironment to investigate the effects of flow rate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the Young's modulus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results showed that greater fluid shear stress results in increased Young's modulus of HUVECs, suggesting the importance of hemodynamics in modulating the biomechanics of ECs. In contrast, TNF-α, an inflammation inducer, dramatically decreased HUVEC stiffness, demonstrating an adverse impact on the vascular endothelium. Blebbistatin, a cytoskeleton disruptor, significantly reduced the Young's modulus of HUVECs. In summary, the proposed vascular-mimetic dynamic culture and monitoring approach enables the physiological development of ECs in organ-on-a-chip microsystems for accurately and efficiently studying hemodynamics and pharmacological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Yichong Hu
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Fuzhou Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haizhen Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lining Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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30
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He A, Li X, Dai Z, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ding M, Wen ZF, Mou Y, Dong H. Nanovaccine-based strategies for lymph node targeted delivery and imaging in tumor immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:236. [PMID: 37482608 PMCID: PMC10364424 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccines have attracted considerable attention in the past decade; they can induce tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting immune memory and avoid non-specific and adverse side effects. However, the challenge in the field of therapeutic tumor vaccines is ensuring the delivery of immune components to the lymph nodes (LNs) to activate immune cells. The clinical response rate of traditional therapeutic tumor vaccines falls short of expectations due to inadequate lymph node delivery. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a large number of nanoplatform-based LN-targeting nanovaccines have been exploited for optimizing tumor immunotherapies. In addition, some nanovaccines possess non-invasive visualization performance, which is benefit for understanding the kinetics of nanovaccine exposure in LNs. Herein, we present the parameters of nanoplatforms, such as size, surface modification, shape, and deformability, which affect the LN-targeting functions of nanovaccines. The recent advances in nanoplatforms with different components promoting LN-targeting are also summarized. Furthermore, emerging LNs-targeting nanoplatform-mediated imaging strategies to both improve targeting performance and enhance the quality of LN imaging are discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and challenges of nanoplatform-based LN-targeting and /or imaging strategies, which optimize the clinical efficacy of nanovaccines in tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao He
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhuo Dai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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31
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Alamilla-Sanchez ME, Alcala-Salgado MA, Cerezo Samperio B, Prado Lozano P, Diaz Garcia JD, Gonzalez Fuentes C, Yama Estrella MB, Morales Lopez EF. Advances in the Physiology of Transvascular Exchange and A New Look At Rational Fluid Prescription. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2753-2770. [PMID: 37408844 PMCID: PMC10319290 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s405926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Starling principle is a model that explains the transvascular distribution of fluids essentially governed by hydrostatic and oncotic forces, which dynamically allow vascular refilling according to the characteristics of the blood vessel. However, careful analysis of fluid physiology has shown that the principle, while correct, is not complete. The revised Starling principle (Michel-Weinbaum model) provides relevant information on fluid kinetics. Special emphasis has been placed on the endothelial glycocalyx, whose subendothelial area allows a restricted oncotic pressure that limits the reabsorption of fluid from the interstitial space, so that transvascular refilling occurs mainly from the lymphatic vessels. The close correlation between pathological states of the endothelium (eg: sepsis, acute inflammation, or chronic kidney disease) and the prescription of fluids forces the physician to understand the dynamics of fluids in the organism; this will allow rational fluid prescriptions. A theory that integrates the physiology of exchange and transvascular refilling is the "microconstant model", whose variables include dynamic mechanisms that can explain edematous states, management of acute resuscitation, and type of fluids for common clinical conditions. The clinical-physiological integration of the concepts will be the hinges that allow a rational and dynamic prescription of fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pamela Prado Lozano
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Medico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Mexico City, Mexico
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32
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Han D, Huang Z, Rahimi E, Ardekani AM. Solute Transport across the Lymphatic Vasculature in a Soft Skin Tissue. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:942. [PMID: 37508373 PMCID: PMC10375963 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Convective transport of drug solutes in biological tissues is regulated by the interstitial fluid pressure, which plays a crucial role in drug absorption into the lymphatic system through the subcutaneous (SC) injection. In this paper, an approximate continuum poroelasticity model is developed to simulate the pressure evolution in the soft porous tissue during an SC injection. This poroelastic model mimics the deformation of the tissue by introducing the time variation of the interstitial fluid pressure. The advantage of this method lies in its computational time efficiency and simplicity, and it can accurately model the relaxation of pressure. The interstitial fluid pressure obtained using the proposed model is validated against both the analytical and the numerical solution of the poroelastic tissue model. The decreasing elasticity elongates the relaxation time of pressure, and the sensitivity of pressure relaxation to elasticity decreases with the hydraulic permeability, while the increasing porosity and permeability due to deformation alleviate the high pressure. An improved Kedem-Katchalsky model is developed to study solute transport across the lymphatic vessel network, including convection and diffusion in the multi-layered poroelastic tissue with a hybrid discrete-continuum vessel network embedded inside. At last, the effect of different structures of the lymphatic vessel network, such as fractal trees and Voronoi structure, on the lymphatic uptake is investigated. In this paper, we provide a novel and time-efficient computational model for solute transport across the lymphatic vasculature connecting the microscopic properties of the lymphatic vessel membrane to the macroscopic drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ehsan Rahimi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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33
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Cortes-Medina M, Bushman AR, Beshay PE, Adorno JJ, Menyhert MM, Hildebrand RM, Agarwal SS, Avendano A, Song JW. Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid differentially modify the biophysical properties of collagen-based hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541626. [PMID: 37293049 PMCID: PMC10245839 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are structural biomolecules that are natively abundant to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Prior studies have quantified the effects of GAGs on the bulk mechanical properties of the ECM. However, there remains a lack of experimental studies on how GAGs alter other biophysical properties of the ECM, including ones that operate at the length scales of individual cells such as mass transport efficiency and matrix microstructure. Here we characterized and decoupled the effects of the GAG molecules chondroitin sulfate (CS) dermatan sulfate (DS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the stiffness (indentation modulus), transport (hydraulic permeability), and matrix microarchitecture (pore size and fiber radius) properties of collagen-based hydrogels. We complement these biophysical measurements of collagen hydrogels with turbidity assays to profile collagen aggregate formation. Here we show that CS, DS, and HA differentially regulate the biophysical properties of hydrogels due to their alterations to the kinetics of collagen self-assembly. In addition to providing information on how GAGs play significant roles in defining key physical properties of the ECM, this work shows new ways in which stiffness measurements, microscopy, microfluidics, and turbidity kinetics can be used complementary to reveal details of collagen self-assembly and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Cortes-Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Andrew R Bushman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Peter E Beshay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Jonathan J Adorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Miles M Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Riley M Hildebrand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Shashwat S Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
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34
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Winkelman MA, Dai G. Bioengineered perfused human brain microvascular networks enhance neural progenitor cell survival, neurogenesis, and maturation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eaaz9499. [PMID: 37163593 PMCID: PMC10171804 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have the capability to self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glial cells. In the adult brain, NPCs are found near brain microvascular networks (BMVNs) in specialized microenvironments called the neurovascular niche (NVN). Although several in vitro NVN models have been previously reported, most do not properly recapitulate the intimate cellular interactions between NPCs and perfused brain microvessels. Here, we developed perfused BMVNs composed of primary human brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes within microfluidic devices. When induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs were introduced into BMVNs, we found that NPC survival, neurogenesis, and maturation were enhanced. The application of flow during BMVN coculture was also beneficial for neuron differentiation. Collectively, our work highlighted the important role of BMVNs and flow in NPC self-renewal and neurogenesis, as well as demonstrated our model's potential to study the biological and physical interactions of human NVN in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A. Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Moon HR, Saha S, Mugler A, Han B. Cells function as a ternary logic gate to decide migration direction under integrated chemical and fluidic cues. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:631-644. [PMID: 36524874 PMCID: PMC9926949 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense various environmental cues and subsequently process intracellular signals to decide their migration direction in many physiological and pathological processes. Although several signaling molecules and networks have been identified in these directed migrations, it still remains ambiguous to predict the migration direction under multiple and integrated cues, specifically chemical and fluidic cues. Here, we investigated the cellular signal processing machinery by reverse-engineering directed cell migration under integrated chemical and fluidic cues. We imposed controlled chemical and fluidic cues to cells using a microfluidic platform and analyzed the extracellular coupling of the cues with respect to the cellular detection limit. Then, the cell's migratory behavior was reverse-engineered to build a cellular signal processing system as a logic gate, which is based on a "selection" gate. This framework is further discussed with a minimal intracellular signaling network of a shared pathway model. The proposed framework of the ternary logic gate suggests a systematic view to understand how cells decode multiple cues and make decisions about the migration direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Soutick Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Andrew Mugler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ngo H, Amartumur S, Tran VTA, Tran M, Diep YN, Cho H, Lee LP. In Vitro Tumor Models on Chip and Integrated Microphysiological Analysis Platform (MAP) for Life Sciences and High-Throughput Drug Screening. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:231. [PMID: 36831997 PMCID: PMC9954135 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of preclinical in vitro cancer models has led to the emergence of human cancer-on-chip or microphysiological analysis platforms (MAPs). Although it has numerous advantages compared to other models, cancer-on-chip technology still faces several challenges such as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and integrating multiple organs to be widely accepted in cancer research and therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the advancements in cancer-on-chip technology in recapitulating the vital biological features of various cancer types and their applications in life sciences and high-throughput drug screening. We present advances in reconstituting the tumor microenvironment and modeling cancer stages in breast, brain, and other types of cancer. We also discuss the relevance of MAPs in cancer modeling and precision medicine such as effect of flow on cancer growth and the short culture period compared to clinics. The advanced MAPs provide high-throughput platforms with integrated biosensors to monitor real-time cellular responses applied in drug development. We envision that the integrated cancer MAPs has a promising future with regard to cancer research, including cancer biology, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Ngo
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarnai Amartumur
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Thi Ai Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Lymphatic uptake of biotherapeutics through a 3D hybrid discrete-continuum vessel network in the skin tissue. J Control Release 2023; 354:869-888. [PMID: 36634711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous administration is a common approach for the delivery of biotherapeutics, which is achieved mainly through the absorption across lymphatic vessels. In this paper, the drug transport and lymphatic uptake through a three-dimensional hybrid discrete-continuum vessel network in the skin tissue are investigated through high-fidelity numerical simulations. We find that the local lymphatic uptake through the explicit vessels significantly affects macroscopic drug absorption. The diffusion of drug solute through the explicit vessel network affects the lymphatic uptake after the injection. This effect, however, cannot be captured using previously developed continuum models. The lymphatic uptake is dominated by the convection due to lymphatic drainage driven by the pressure difference, which is rarely studied in experiments and simulations. Furthermore, the effects of injection volume and depth on the lymphatic uptake are investigated in a multi-layered domain. We find that the injection volume significantly affects the rate of lymphatic uptake through the heterogeneous vessel network, while the injection depth has little influence, which is consistent with the experimental results. At last, the binding and metabolism of drug molecules are studied to bridge the simulations to the drug clearance experients. We provide a new approach to study the diffusion and convection of drug molecules into the lymphatic system through the hybrid vessel network.
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Kourouklis AP, Wahlsten A, Stracuzzi A, Martyts A, Paganella LG, Labouesse C, Al-Nuaimi D, Giampietro C, Ehret AE, Tibbitt MW, Mazza E. Control of hydrostatic pressure and osmotic stress in 3D cell culture for mechanobiological studies. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213241. [PMID: 36529095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure (HP) and osmotic stress (OS) play an important role in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In contrast to canonical mechanical signals transmitted through the anchoring points of the cells with the extracellular matrix, the physical and molecular mechanisms that transduce HP and OS into cellular functions remain elusive. Three-dimensional cell cultures show great promise to replicate physiologically relevant signals in well-defined host bioreactors with the goal of shedding light on hidden aspects of the mechanobiology of HP and OS. This review starts by introducing prevalent mechanisms for the generation of HP and OS signals in biological tissues that are subject to pathophysiological mechanical loading. We then revisit various mechanisms in the mechanotransduction of HP and OS, and describe the current state of the art in bioreactors and biomaterials for the control of the corresponding physical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P Kourouklis
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adam Wahlsten
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Stracuzzi
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Martyts
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza Garau Paganella
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celine Labouesse
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Al-Nuaimi
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Makkar H, Zhou Y, Tan KS, Lim CT, Sriram G. Modeling Crevicular Fluid Flow and Host-Oral Microbiome Interactions in a Gingival Crevice-on-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202376. [PMID: 36398428 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gingival crevice and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow play a crucial role at the gingiva-oral microbiome interface which contributes toward maintaining the balance between gingival health and periodontal disease. Interstitial flow of GCF strongly impacts the host-microbiome interactions and tissue responses. However, currently available in vitro preclinical models largely disregard the dynamic nature of gingival crevicular microenvironment, thus limiting the progress in the development of periodontal therapeutics. Here, a proof-of-principle "gingival crevice-on-chip" microfluidic platform to culture gingival connective tissue equivalent (CTE) under dynamic interstitial fluid flow mimicking the GCF is described. On-chip co-culture using oral symbiont (Streptococcus oralis) shows the potential to recapitulate microbial colonization, formation of biofilm-like structures at the tissue-microbiome interface, long-term co-culture, and bacterial clearance secondary to simulated GCF (s-GCF) flow. Further, on-chip exposure of the gingival CTEs to the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) agonist or periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum demonstrates the potential to mimic early gingival inflammation. In contrast to direct exposure, the induction of s-GCF flow toward the bacterial front attenuates the secretion of inflammatory mediators demonstrating the protective effect of GCF flow. This proposed in vitro platform offers the potential to study complex host-microbe interactions in periodontal disease and the development of periodontal therapeutics under near-microphysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore.,ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore.,ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
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40
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Locoregional Lymphatic Delivery Systems Using Nanoparticles and Hydrogels for Anticancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122752. [PMID: 36559246 PMCID: PMC9788085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system has gained significant interest as a target tissue to control cancer progress, which highlights its central role in adaptive immune response. Numerous mechanistic studies have revealed the benefits of nano-sized materials in the transport of various cargos to lymph nodes, overcoming barriers associated with lymphatic physiology. The potential of sustained drug delivery systems in improving the therapeutic index of various immune modulating agents is also being actively discussed. Herein, we aim to discuss design rationales and principles of locoregional lymphatic drug delivery systems for invigorating adaptive immune response for efficient antitumor immunotherapy and provide examples of various advanced nanoparticle- and hydrogel-based formulations.
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41
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Grotberg JB, Romanò F. Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:046104. [PMID: 36389648 PMCID: PMC9653270 DOI: 10.1063/5.0109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a microvascular model of fluid transport in the alveolar septa related to pulmonary edema. It consists of a two-dimensional capillary sheet coursing by several alveoli. The alveolar epithelial membrane runs parallel to the capillary endothelial membrane with an interstitial layer in between, making one long septal tract. A coupled system of equations is derived using lubrication theory for the capillary blood, Darcy flow for the porous media of the interstitium, a passive alveolus, and the Starling equation at both membranes. Case examples include normal physiology, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic edema Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hypoalbuminemia, and the effects of positive end expiratory pressure. COVID-19 has dramatically increased ARDS in the world population, raising the urgency for such a model to create an analytical framework. Under normal conditions, the fluid exits the alveolus, crosses the interstitium, and enters the capillary. For edema, this crossflow is reversed with the fluid leaving the capillary and entering the alveolus. Because both the interstitial and capillary pressures decrease downstream, the reversal can occur within a single septal tract, with edema upstream and clearance downstream. Overall, the interstitial pressures are found to be significantly more positive than values used in the traditional physiological literature that creates steep gradients near the upstream and downstream end outlets, driving significant flows toward the distant lymphatics. This new physiological flow may provide a possible explanation to the puzzle, noted since 1896, of how pulmonary lymphatics can function so far from the alveoli: the interstitium can be self-clearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Grotberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Gerstacker Bldg., 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: (734)-936-3834. Fax: (734)-936-1905
| | - Francesco Romanò
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ONERA, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Centrale Lille, UMR 9014, LMFL-Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille-Kampé de Fériet, F-59000 Lille, France
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42
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Barrasa-Ramos S, Dessalles CA, Hautefeuille M, Barakat AI. Mechanical regulation of the early stages of angiogenesis. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220360. [PMID: 36475392 PMCID: PMC9727679 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Favouring or thwarting the development of a vascular network is essential in fields as diverse as oncology, cardiovascular disease or tissue engineering. As a result, understanding and controlling angiogenesis has become a major scientific challenge. Mechanical factors play a fundamental role in angiogenesis and can potentially be exploited for optimizing the architecture of the resulting vascular network. Largely focusing on in vitro systems but also supported by some in vivo evidence, the aim of this Highlight Review is dual. First, we describe the current knowledge with particular focus on the effects of fluid and solid mechanical stimuli on the early stages of the angiogenic process, most notably the destabilization of existing vessels and the initiation and elongation of new vessels. Second, we explore inherent difficulties in the field and propose future perspectives on the use of in vitro and physics-based modelling to overcome these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barrasa-Ramos
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire A. Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Mathieu Hautefeuille
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (UMR7622), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Abdul I. Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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Lacombe J, Zenhausern F. Effect of mechanical forces on cellular response to radiation. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:187-198. [PMID: 36228760 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular interactions and biochemical signaling has been investigated for long and showed to play a major role in the cell's fate, it is now also evident that mechanical forces continuously applied to the cells in their microenvironment are as important for tissue homeostasis. Mechanical cues are emerging as key regulators of cellular drug response and we aimed to demonstrate in this review that such effects should also be considered vital for the cellular response to radiation. In order to explore the mechanobiology of the radiation response, we reviewed the main mechanoreceptors and transducers, including integrin-mediated adhesion, YAP/TAZ pathways, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors and showed their implication in the modulation of cellular radiosensitivity. We then discussed the current studies that investigated a direct effect of mechanical stress, including extracellular matrix stiffness, shear stress and mechanical strain, on radiation response of cancer and normal cells and showed through preliminary results that such stress effectively can alter cell response after irradiation. However, we also highlighted the limitations of these studies and emphasized some of the contradictory data, demonstrating that the effect of mechanical cues could involve complex interactions and potential crosstalk with numerous cellular processes also affected by irradiation. Overall, mechanical forces alter radiation response and although additional studies are required to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms, these effects should not be neglected in radiation research as they could reveal new fundamental knowledge for predicting radiosensitivity or understanding resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Zhang S, Wan Z, Pavlou G, Zhong AX, Xu L, Kamm RD. Interstitial flow promotes the formation of functional microvascular networks in vitro through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2206767. [PMID: 36569597 PMCID: PMC9783342 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202206767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized microvascular networks (MVNs) have become key to the development of many microphysiological models. However, the self-organizing nature of this process combined with variations between types or batches of endothelial cells (ECs) often lead to inconsistency or failure to form functional MVNs. Since interstitial flow (IF) has been reported to play a beneficial role in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and 3D capillary morphogenesis, we systematically investigated the role IF plays during neovessel formation in a customized single channel microfluidic chip for which IF has been fully characterized. Compared to static conditions, MVNs formed under IF have higher vessel density and diameters and greater network perfusability. Through a series of inhibitory experiments, we demonstrated that IF treatment improves vasculogenesis by ECs through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). We then successfully implemented a novel strategy involving the interplay between IF and MMP-2 inhibitor to regulate morphological parameters of the self-organized MVNs, with vascular permeability and perfusability well maintained. The revealed mechanism and proposed methodology were further validated with a brain MVN model. Our findings and methods have the potential to be widely utilized to boost the development of various organotypic MVNs and could be incorporated into related bioengineering applications where perfusable vasculature is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amy X Zhong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liling Xu
- Ragon institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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45
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Walker JC, Jorgensen AM, Sarkar A, Gent SP, Messerli MA. Anionic polymers amplify electrokinetic perfusion through extracellular matrices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:983317. [PMID: 36225599 PMCID: PMC9548625 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.983317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) promotes healing of chronic epidermal wounds and delays degeneration of articular cartilage. Despite electrotherapeutic treatment of these non-excitable tissues, the mechanisms by which ES promotes repair are unknown. We hypothesize that a beneficial role of ES is dependent on electrokinetic perfusion in the extracellular space and that it mimics the effects of interstitial flow. In vivo, the extracellular space contains mixtures of extracellular proteins and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans surrounding cells. While these anionic macromolecules promote water retention and increase mechanical support under compression, in the presence of ES they should also enhance electro-osmotic flow (EOF) to a greater extent than proteins alone. To test this hypothesis, we compare EOF rates between artificial matrices of gelatin (denatured collagen) with matrices of gelatin mixed with anionic polymers to mimic endogenous charged macromolecules. We report that addition of anionic polymers amplifies EOF and that a matrix comprised of 0.5% polyacrylate and 1.5% gelatin generates EOF with similar rates to those reported in cartilage. The enhanced EOF reduces mortality of cells at lower applied voltage compared to gelatin matrices alone. We also use modeling to describe the range of thermal changes that occur during these electrokinetic experiments and during electrokinetic perfusion of soft tissues. We conclude that the negative charge density of native extracellular matrices promotes electrokinetic perfusion during electrical therapies in soft tissues and may promote survival of artificial tissues and organs prior to vascularization and during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Walker
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Ashley M. Jorgensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Anyesha Sarkar
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Stephen P. Gent
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Mark A. Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark A. Messerli,
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Shah L, Latif A, Williams KJ, Tirella A. Role of stiffness and physico-chemical properties of tumour microenvironment on breast cancer cell stemness. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:273-289. [PMID: 36087866 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several physico-chemical properties of the tumour microenvironment (TME) are dysregulated during tumour progression, such as tissue stiffness, extracellular pH and interstitial fluid flow. Traditional preclinical models, although useful to study biological processes, do not provide sufficient control over these physico-chemical properties, hence limiting the understanding of cause-effect relationships between the TME and cancer cells. Breast cancer stem cells (B-CSCs), a dynamic population within the tumour, are known to affect tumour progression, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. With their emerging importance in disease physiology, it is essential to study the interplay between above-mentioned TME physico-chemical variables and B-CSC marker expression. In this work, 3D in vitro models with controlled physico-chemical properties (hydrogel stiffness and composition, perfusion, pH) were used to mimic normal and tumour breast tissue to study changes in proliferation, morphology and B-CSC population in two separate breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231). Cells encapsulated in alginate-gelatin hydrogels varying in stiffness (2-10 kPa), density and adhesion ligand (gelatin) were perfused (500 µL/min) for up to 14 days. Physiological (pH 7.4) and tumorigenic (pH 6.5) media were used to mimic changes in extracellular pH within the TME. We found that both cell lines have distinct responses to changes in physico-chemical factors in terms of proliferation, cell aggregates size and morphology. Most importantly, stiff and dense hydrogels (10 kPa) and acidic pH (6.5) play a key role in B-CSCs dynamics, increasing both epithelial (E-CSCs) and mesenchymal cancer stem cell (M-CSCs) marker expression, supporting direct impact of the physico-chemical microenvironment on disease onset and progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Currently no studies evaluate the impact of physico-chemical properties of the tumour microenvironment on breast cancer stem cell (B-CSC) marker expression in a single in vitro model and at the same time. In this study, 3D in vitro models with varying stiffness, extracellular pH and fluid flow are used to recapitulate the breast tumour microenvironment to evaluate for the first time their direct effect on multiple breast cancer phenotypes: cell proliferation, cell aggregate size and shape, and B-CSC markers. Results suggest these models could open new ways of monitoring disease phenotypes, from the early-onset to progression, as well as being used as testing platforms for effective identification of specific phenotypes in the presence of relevant tumour physico-chemical microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Shah
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayşe Latif
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom; BIOtech - Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Trento 38123, Italy.
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Bera K, Kiepas A, Zhang Y, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K. The interplay between physical cues and mechanosensitive ion channels in cancer metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954099. [PMID: 36158191 PMCID: PMC9490090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical cues have emerged as critical influencers of cell function during physiological processes, like development and organogenesis, and throughout pathological abnormalities, including cancer progression and fibrosis. While ion channels have been implicated in maintaining cellular homeostasis, their cell surface localization often places them among the first few molecules to sense external cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) are especially important transducers of physical stimuli into biochemical signals. In this review, we describe how physical cues in the tumor microenvironment are sensed by MICs and contribute to cancer metastasis. First, we highlight mechanical perturbations, by both solid and fluid surroundings typically found in the tumor microenvironment and during critical stages of cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumor. Next, we describe how Piezo1/2 and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels respond to these physical cues to regulate cancer cell behavior during different stages of metastasis. We conclude by proposing alternative mechanisms of MIC activation that work in tandem with cytoskeletal components and other ion channels to bestow cells with the capacity to sense, respond and navigate through the surrounding microenvironment. Collectively, this review provides a perspective for devising treatment strategies against cancer by targeting MICs that sense aberrant physical characteristics during metastasis, the most lethal aspect of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean X. Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
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Yuan B. Interstitial fluid streaming in deep tissue induced by ultrasound momentum transfer for accelerating nanoagent transport and controlling its distribution. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac88b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to theoretically investigate the dynamics of ultrasound-induced interstitial fluid streaming and tissue recovery after ultrasound exposure for potentially accelerating nanoagent transport and controlling its distribution in tissue. Approach. Starting from fundamental equations, the dynamics of ultrasound-induced interstitial fluid streaming and tissue relaxation after an ultrasound exposure were modeled, derived and simulated. Also, both ultrasound-induced mechanical and thermal effects were considered in the models. Main results. The proposed new mechanism was named squeezing interstitial fluid via transfer of ultrasound momentum (SIF-TUM). It means that an ultrasound beam can squeeze the tissue in a small focal volume from all the directions, and generate a macroscopic streaming of interstitial fluid and a compression of tissue solid matrix. After the ultrasound is turned off, the solid matrix will recover and can generate a backflow. Rather than the ultrasound pressure itself or intensity, the streaming velocity is determined by the dot product of the ultrasound pressure gradient and its conjugate. Tissue and nanoagent properties also affect the streaming and recovery velocities. Significance. The mobility of therapeutic or diagnostic agents, such as drugs, drug carriers, or imaging contrast agents, in the interstitial space of many diseased tissues, such as tumors, is usually extremely low because of the inefficiency of the natural transport mechanisms. Therefore, the interstitial space is one of the major barriers hindering agent deliveries. The ability to externally accelerate agent transport and control its distribution is highly desirable. Potentially, SIF-TUM can be a powerful technology to accelerate agent transport in deep tissue and control the distribution if appropriate parameters are selected.
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Boonyaphon K, Li Z, Kim SJ. Gravity-driven preprogrammed microfluidic recirculation system for parallel biosensing of cell behaviors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1233:340456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Sarvari P, Sarvari P, Ramírez-Díaz I, Mahjoubi F, Rubio K. Advances of Epigenetic Biomarkers and Epigenome Editing for Early Diagnosis in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179521. [PMID: 36076918 PMCID: PMC9455804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are known to regulate cell phenotype during cancer progression, including breast cancer. Unlike genetic alterations, changes in the epigenome are reversible, thus potentially reversed by epi-drugs. Breast cancer, the most common cause of cancer death worldwide in women, encompasses multiple histopathological and molecular subtypes. Several lines of evidence demonstrated distortion of the epigenetic landscape in breast cancer. Interestingly, mammary cells isolated from breast cancer patients and cultured ex vivo maintained the tumorigenic phenotype and exhibited aberrant epigenetic modifications. Recent studies indicated that the therapeutic efficiency for breast cancer regimens has increased over time, resulting in reduced mortality. Future medical treatment for breast cancer patients, however, will likely depend upon a better understanding of epigenetic modifications. The present review aims to outline different epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs with their impact on breast cancer, as well as to discuss studies highlighting the central role of epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer pathogenesis. We propose new research areas that may facilitate locus-specific epigenome editing as breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Sarvari
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Pouya Sarvari
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico
- Facultad de Biotecnología, Campus Puebla, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Frouzandeh Mahjoubi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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